Examine individual changes

'[[File:Qais Abdur Rashid's Shrine on the Takht-i-Suliman.jpg|thumb|Qais Abdur Rashid's Shrine on the Takht-i-Suliman]] '''Qais Abdur Rashīd''' or '''Qays ʿAbd ar-Rashīd''' ({{lang-ps|قيس عبد الرشيد}}) is said to be, in post-Islamic lore, the [[legend]]ary founding father of the [[Pashtun people]]. There are doubts about the historicity and existence of such a figure: as the Pashtun ethnicity began taking shape in the Bronze Age<ref name="Haber12">{{cite journal | url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288 | title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events | last=Haber|first=Marc| journal=PLoS ONE | year=2012 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 | pmid=22470552 | pmc=3314501 | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=e34288|display-authors=etal| bibcode=2012PLoSO...734288H }}</ref> and Islam spread through Afghanistan over a period time as opposed to people changing faith in a single day.<ref>[[Islamic conquest of Afghanistan]]</ref><ref name=Hind>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiD8_OOoYrZAhVFOo8KHSCICQ4Q6AEIOTAE#v=onepage&f=false|title=Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest.|author=André Wink|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]}}</ref> It is likely the conception of such a figure was promoted to bring harmony between religious identity and ethnic identity. Qais is said to have traveled to [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] during the early days of [[Islam]].<ref>[http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/Religion.html Meaning and Practice] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208000435/http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/Religion.html |date=2006-12-08 }}, ''Afghanistan Country Study: Religion'', [[Illinois Institute of Technology]] (retrieved 18 January 2007).</ref> According to the folk tale, Qais had three sons: ''Sarbaṇ'' ({{lang|ps|سربڼ}}), ''Beṭ'' ({{lang|ps|بېټ}}), and ''Gharghax̌t'' ({{lang|ps|غرغښت}}).<ref>[http://www.khyber.org/tribes/web/ppl/8/d/be30fcb57e8a9f83f4beaa0fd8.shtml Qais Abdul Rasheed]. Khyber.ORG.</ref> His sons founded three tribal confederacies named after them: [[Sarbani]], [[Bettani]], and [[Gharghashti]] .Qais also had an adopted son, [[Karlani]] Ormur Baraki who is progenitor of the Karlani tribe .<ref name="UND">{{cite web |url=http://arts-sciences.und.edu/summer-institute-of-linguistics/theses/_files/docs/2014-coyle-dennis-w.pdf |title=Placing Wardak among Pashto varieties |last=Coyle |first=Dennis Walter |date=August 2014 |publisher=University of North Dakota:UND |accessdate=26 December 2014}}</ref> There are multiple versions of the legend, including several regional variants that mention only one, two, or three of the four legendary brothers. [[File:The Family Tree and Lineage of Kish Kysh Qais Abdur Rashid Al Pithon.jpg|thumb|Family Tree & Lineage]] ==Genealogical tree== Some Afghan genealogies list Qais as the 37th descendant of King [[Talut]] (or [[Saul]], [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|reigned]] c. 1050 BC–1010 BC) through Malik [[Afghana]], a legendary grandson of Talut.<ref>''Dawn'', [http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/040404/dmag9.htm The cradle of Pathan culture] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205041602/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/040404/dmag9.htm |date=December 5, 2008 }}, by Alauddin Masood, 4 April 2004.</ref><ref>Pakistan pictorial, Pakistan Publications, 2003.</ref><ref>Niamatullah's history of the Afghans, Volume 1, Niʻmat Allāh, Nirod Bhusan Roy, Santiniketan Press, 1958, pg. 5.</ref> The [[British India]]n administrator [[Muhammad Hayat Khan]], in his book ''Hayāt-e Afghānī'' ({{lang|ps|حیات افغانی}}; orig 1865, English translation 1874), writes that Qais was the 101st{{clarify|date=December 2014}}<!-- generation? --> descendant of Saul through Saul's son [[Jonathan (1 Samuel)|Yehonatan]].<ref>Hayat i Afghan, Section on [[Tareen]] tribe, Appendix 4 to the original Persian text by Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan, published Lahore, 1865. English translation by HB Priestley, Lahore, 1874</ref> According to the [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], the [[theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites|theory of Pashtun descent from the ancient Israelites]] is traced to ''Tārīkh-e Khān Jahānī wa Makhzan-e Afghānī'' ({{lang|ps|تاریخ خان جهانی ومخزن افغانی}}), a history compiled by [[Nimat Allah al-Harawi]] during the reign of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Mughal emperors|emperor]] [[Jahangir]] in the 17th century. The ''Makhzan-e Afghānī'''s Israelite theory, however, has been dismissed by modern authorities due to numerous historical and linguistic inconsistencies. ==Legend== Legend has it that Qais was born in the [[Ghor]] region of present-day central [[Afghanistan]]. Upon hearing about the advent of [[Islam]], his tribe sent him to [[Medina]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula]], in present-day [[Saudi Arabia]]. He met the Prophet [[Muhammad]] and embraced Islam there, and was given the name ''Abdur Rashīd'' by the Prophet. He then returned to Ghor and introduced Islam to his tribe. According to [[Mountstuart Elphinstone]], in legend the famous military leader and companion of Muhammad, [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]], introduced Qais to the Prophet Muhammad. {{Quote|The Afghan historians proceed to relate that the Jewish tribe, both in [[Ghor]] and in [[Saudi Arabia|Arabia]], preserved their knowledge of the unity of [[Allah|God]] and the purity of their religious belief, and that on the appearance of the last prophet and messenger, Prophet [[Muhammad]], the Afghans of Ghor listened to the invitation of their [[Arab people|Arabian]] brethren, the chief of whom was [[Khalid ibn al-Waleed]], so famous for his conquest of [[Syria]], and marched to the aid of the true faith, under the command of Kyse, afterwards surnamed "Abdul Rasheed".<ref>[https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=YXg9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=life+of+amir+dost+muhammad+waleed&hl=en&ei=_S4hTp_WPIf3rQf8rrT_AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul, Volume 1. By Mohan Lal (1846), quoting Mountstuart Elphinstone pg. 5]</ref>}} ===Settlement=== One legend has it that when Qais felt his time was near, he asked his sons to take him from Ghor to the [[Sulaiman Mountains]] and bury him at the spot where his ancestor [[Malik Afghana]] was buried, and he was buried on top of [[Takht-e-Sulaiman]] ("Throne of Solomon"), also called ''Da Kasī Ghar'' ({{lang|ps|د کسي غر}}, "Mount of Qais"), located near the village of Darazinda in [[Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan]] of the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]], close to Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan's borders with both [[South Waziristan]] and [[Zhob District]], [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]. Some people visit the place, mostly in the summer, since in winters the snowfall makes it difficult to climb, and [[animal sacrifice|sacrifice]] an animal, usually a [[Domestic sheep|sheep]] or a [[goat]] at the tomb of Qais.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} According to another legend, however, Qais settled in the [[Balkh Province|Balkh]] region of present-day northern Afghanistan. From there, his different descendants migrated south, west, and east.<ref name="UND"/> ==Genetics== There is, however, no strong evidence to show any genealogical connection between the present-day Pashtuns and the ancient [[Semitic languages|Semitic-speaking]] [[Israelites]]. [[Y chromosome|DNA]] shows that Pashtuns have several Y-haplogroups, although [[Haplogroup R-M420|R1a]] makes up about 51% among Pashtuns.<ref name="plsone">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, etal |year=2012 |title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288#pone.0034288.s005 |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |page=e34288 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 |pmid=22470552 |pmc=3314501}}</ref> Hence, Pashtuns have a significant affinity with their neighboring Indo-European speaking ethnic groups,<ref name="plsone"/> and most present-day Pashtuns descended from the original Indo-European population who have lived in the territory by other names, such as [[Arachosia]]ns,([[Indo-Iranians]]) [[Bactrians]], and [[Scythians]] as their forebears. ==See also== *[[Amir Kror Suri]], a legendary 8th-century Pashtun prince from Ghor *[[Amir Suri]], a pagan Ghorid king in the 9th and 10th century who was defeated in war with the Saffarid emir Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar *[[Lech, Czech, and Rus]], three legendary brothers who are said to have founded the three modern Slavic nations of Poles (or Lechites), Czechs, and Rus' (or Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians) *[[Fénius Farsaid]], a legendary Scythian prince who is said to have founded the modern Irish nation and invented the Ogham Irish alphabet *[[Asena]], a she-wolf in the mythical foundation of the Göktürks ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512065638/http://www.khyber.org/pashtohistory/ethnology-arabs.shtml <s>History of Pashtun Race & Resemblance to Arabs</s>] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080804064746/http://www.islamicrepublicofafghanistan.com/the-legendary-qais-abdur-rashid/ <s>The Legendary Qais Abdur Rashid</s>] {{Pashtun tribes}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qais Abdur Rashid}} [[Category:Pashtun people]] [[Category:Pashtun tribes]] [[Category:Converts to Islam from Judaism]] [[Category:Legendary progenitors]] [[Category:575 births]] [[Category:661 deaths]] [[Category:Male Sahabah]] this all was lie the real history of poshton nation was that , the was a monster in mountian from where a king passing that way so the monster demanded one thousand pretty women from than and they give the women to the monster . this is the place where the poshtoon nation stars'