Examine individual changes

'[[File:Qais Abdur Rashid's Shrine on the Takht-i-Suliman.jpg|thumb|Qais Abdur Rashid's Shrine on the Takht-i-Suliman]] '''Qais Abdur Rashīd''' or '''Qays ʿAbd ar-Rashīd''' ({{lang-ps|قيس عبد الرشيد}}) is said to be, in post-Islamic lore, the [[legend]]ary founding father of the [[Pashtun people]]. There are doubts about the historicity and existence of such a figure: as the Pashtun ethnicity began taking shape in the Bronze Age<ref name="Haber12">{{cite journal | url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288 | title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events | last=Haber|first=Marc| journal=PLoS ONE | year=2012 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 | pmid=22470552 | pmc=3314501 | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=e34288|display-authors=etal| bibcode=2012PLoSO...734288H }}</ref> and Islam spread through Afghanistan over a period time as opposed to people changing faith in a single day.<ref>[[Islamic conquest of Afghanistan]]</ref><ref name=Hind>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiD8_OOoYrZAhVFOo8KHSCICQ4Q6AEIOTAE#v=onepage&f=false|title=Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest.|author=André Wink|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]}}</ref> It is likely the conception of such a figure was promoted to bring harmony between religious identity and ethnic identity. Qais is said to have traveled to [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] during the early days of [[Islam]].<ref>[http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/Religion.html Meaning and Practice] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208000435/http://www.gl.iit.edu/govdocs/afghanistan/Religion.html |date=2006-12-08 }}, ''Afghanistan Country Study: Religion'', [[Illinois Institute of Technology]] (retrieved 18 January 2007).</ref> According to the folk tale, Qais had three sons: ''Sarbaṇ'' ({{lang|ps|سربڼ}}), ''Beṭ'' ({{lang|ps|بېټ}}), and ''Gharghax̌t'' ({{lang|ps|غرغښت}}).<ref>[http://www.khyber.org/tribes/web/ppl/8/d/be30fcb57e8a9f83f4beaa0fd8.shtml Qais Abdul Rasheed]. Khyber.ORG.</ref> His sons founded three tribal confederacies named after them: [[Sarbani]], [[Bettani]], and [[Gharghashti]] .Qais also had an adopted son, [[Karlani]] Ormur Baraki who is progenitor of the Karlani tribe .<ref name="UND">{{cite web |url=http://arts-sciences.und.edu/summer-institute-of-linguistics/theses/_files/docs/2014-coyle-dennis-w.pdf |title=Placing Wardak among Pashto varieties |last=Coyle |first=Dennis Walter |date=August 2014 |publisher=University of North Dakota:UND |accessdate=26 December 2014}}</ref> There are multiple versions of the legend, including several regional variants that mention only one, two, or three of the four legendary brothers. [[File:The Family Tree and Lineage of Kish Kysh Qais Abdur Rashid Al Pithon.jpg|thumb|Family Tree & Lineage]] ==Genealogical tree== Some Afghan genealogies list Qais as the 37th descendant of King [[Talut]] (or [[Saul]], [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|reigned]] c. 1050 BC–1010 BC) through Malik [[Afghana]], a legendary grandson of Talut.<ref>''Dawn'', [http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/040404/dmag9.htm The cradle of Pathan culture] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205041602/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/040404/dmag9.htm |date=December 5, 2008 }}, by Alauddin Masood, 4 April 2004.</ref><ref>Pakistan pictorial, Pakistan Publications, 2003.</ref><ref>Niamatullah's history of the Afghans, Volume 1, Niʻmat Allāh, Nirod Bhusan Roy, Santiniketan Press, 1958, pg. 5.</ref> The [[British India]]n administrator [[Muhammad Hayat Khan]], in his book ''Hayāt-e Afghānī'' ({{lang|ps|حیات افغانی}}; orig 1865, English translation 1874), writes that Qais was the 101st{{clarify|date=December 2014}}<!-- generation? --> descendant of Saul through Saul's son [[Jonathan (1 Samuel)|Yehonatan]].<ref>Hayat i Afghan, Section on [[Tareen]] tribe, Appendix 4 to the original Persian text by Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan, published Lahore, 1865. English translation by HB Priestley, Lahore, 1874</ref> According to the [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], the [[theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites|theory of Pashtun descent from the ancient Israelites]] is traced to ''Tārīkh-e Khān Jahānī wa Makhzan-e Afghānī'' ({{lang|ps|تاریخ خان جهانی ومخزن افغانی}}), a history compiled by [[Nimat Allah al-Harawi]] during the reign of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Mughal emperors|emperor]] [[Jahangir]] in the 17th century. The ''Makhzan-e Afghānī'''s Israelite theory, and the Qais Malik and his progeny in the form of Abdali tribe and his four sons are directly related to him. So it is safe to say that only the progeny of Qais Malik are descendants of King of Saul but not all Pashtuns. Pashtun tribes are similar to Arabized Arabs, who were not Arabs but became Arabs due to assimilation. ==Legend== Legend has it that Qais was born in the [[Ghor]] region of present-day central [[Afghanistan]]. Upon hearing about the advent of [[Islam]], his tribe sent him to [[Medina]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula]], in present-day [[Saudi Arabia]]. He met the Prophet [[Muhammad]] and embraced Islam there, and was given the name ''Abdur Rashīd'' by the Prophet. He then returned to Ghor and introduced Islam to his tribe. According to [[Mountstuart Elphinstone]], in legend the famous military leader and companion of Muhammad, [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]], introduced Qais to the Prophet Muhammad. {{Quote|The Afghan historians proceed to relate that the Jewish tribe, both in [[Ghor]] and in [[Saudi Arabia|Arabia]], preserved their knowledge of the unity of [[Allah|God]] and the purity of their religious belief, and that on the appearance of the last prophet and messenger, Prophet [[Muhammad]], the Afghans of Ghor listened to the invitation of their [[Arab people|Arabian]] brethren, the chief of whom was [[Khalid ibn al-Waleed]], so famous for his conquest of [[Syria]], and marched to the aid of the true faith, under the command of Kyse, afterwards surnamed "Abdul Rasheed".<ref>[https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=YXg9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=life+of+amir+dost+muhammad+waleed&hl=en&ei=_S4hTp_WPIf3rQf8rrT_AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul, Volume 1. By Mohan Lal (1846), quoting Mountstuart Elphinstone pg. 5]</ref>}} ===Settlement=== One legend has it that when Qais felt his time was near, he asked his sons to take him from Ghor to the [[Sulaiman Mountains]] and bury him at the spot where his ancestor [[Malik Afghana]] was buried, and he was buried on top of [[Takht-e-Sulaiman]] ("Throne of Solomon"), also called ''Da Kasī Ghar'' ({{lang|ps|د کسي غر}}, "Mount of Qais"), located near the village of Darazinda in [[Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan]] of the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]], close to Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan's borders with both [[South Waziristan]] and [[Zhob District]], [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]. Some people visit the place, mostly in the summer, since in winters the snowfall makes it difficult to climb, and [[animal sacrifice|sacrifice]] an animal, usually a [[Domestic sheep|sheep]] or a [[goat]] at the tomb of Qais.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} According to another legend, however, Qais settled in the [[Balkh Province|Balkh]] region of present-day northern Afghanistan. From there, his different descendants migrated south, west, and east.<ref name="UND"/> ==Genetics== There is, however, no strong evidence to show any genealogical connection between the present-day Pashtuns and the ancient [[Semitic languages|Semitic-speaking]] [[Israelites]]. [[Y chromosome|DNA]] shows that Pashtuns have several Y-haplogroups, although [[Haplogroup R-M420|R1a]] makes up about 51% among Pashtuns.<ref name="plsone">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, etal |year=2012 |title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288#pone.0034288.s005 |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |page=e34288 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 |pmid=22470552 |pmc=3314501}}</ref> Hence, Pashtuns have a significant affinity with their neighboring Indo-European speaking ethnic groups,<ref name="plsone"/> ==See also== *[[Amir Kror Suri]], a legendary 8th-century Pashtun prince from Ghor *[[Amir Suri]], a pagan Ghorid king in the 9th and 10th century who was defeated in war with the Saffarid emir Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar *[[Lech, Czech, and Rus]], three legendary brothers who are said to have founded the three modern Slavic nations of Poles (or Lechites), Czechs, and Rus' (or Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians) *[[Fénius Farsaid]], a legendary Scythian prince who is said to have founded the modern Irish nation and invented the Ogham Irish alphabet *[[Asena]], a she-wolf in the mythical foundation of the Göktürks ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512065638/http://www.khyber.org/pashtohistory/ethnology-arabs.shtml <s>History of Pashtun Race & Resemblance to Arabs</s>] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080804064746/http://www.islamicrepublicofafghanistan.com/the-legendary-qais-abdur-rashid/ <s>The Legendary Qais Abdur Rashid</s>] {{Pashtun tribes}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qais Abdur Rashid}} [[Category:Pashtun people]] [[Category:Converts to Islam from Judaism]] [[Category:Legendary progenitors]] [[Category:575 births]] [[Category:661 deaths]] [[Category:Male Sahabah]] this all was lie the real history of poshton nation was that , the was a monster in mountian from where a king passing that way so the monster demanded one thousand pretty women from than and they give the women to the monster . this is the place where the poshtoon nation stars'