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'{{Short description|American immunologist, Nobel Prize Laureate}} {{Other people|James Allison}} {{Infobox scientist | name = James P. Allison | image = James P. Allison (2015).JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = James P. Allison in 2015 |birth_name=James Patrick Allison<ref name=fmrs1>https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VD62-RT3</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|08|07}} | birth_place = [[Alice, Texas]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | residence = [[Houston, Texas]] | citizenship = | nationality = American | fields = [[Immunology]] | workplaces = [[M. D. Anderson Cancer Center]] <br /> [[Weill Cornell Medicine]]<br /> [[University of California, Berkeley]] | alma_mater = [[University of Texas, Austin]] | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = G. Barrie Kitto | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = [[Cancer immunotherapy]] | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = [[Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences]] (2014)<br/> [[Tang Prize]] (2014)<ref name="Tang Prize">{{cite news|title=First Tang Prize for Biopharmaceutical Science Awarded to James P. Allison, PhD, and Tasuku Honjo, MD, PhD|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/media_detail.php?cat=24&id=396|accessdate=4 August 2016|work=www.tang-prize.org|publisher=ASCO Post|date=10 July 2014}}</ref> <br/> [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] (2014)<br/> [[Harvey Prize]] (2014)<br>[[Gairdner Foundation International Award]] (2014)<br/> [[Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award]] (2015)<ref name="Lasker Award">{{cite news|last1=Foundation|first1=Lasker|title=Unleashing the immune system to combat cancer {{!}} The Lasker Foundation|url=http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/show/unleashing-immune-system-combat-cancer/|accessdate=4 August 2016|work=The Lasker Foundation|publisher=Lasker Foundation}}</ref> <br/> [[Wolf Prize]] (2017)<br/> [[Balzan Prize]] (2017, jointly with [[Robert D. Schreiber]])<br/> [[The Sjöberg Prize]] (2017, jointly with [[Anthony R. Hunter]]) <br/> [[King Faisal International Prize]] (2018) <br/> [[Albany Medical Center Prize]] (2018) <br/> [[Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research]] (2018)<ref> {{cite news|title=James Allison wins 2018 Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research|url=https://www.janssen.com/belgium/james-allison-phd-wins-2018-dr-paul-janssen-award-biomedical-research|accessdate=11 September 2018}}</ref> <br/> [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (2018) | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --> | footnotes = | spouse = Padmanee Sharma<ref name="Houston Chronicle">{{cite news|last1=Ackerman|first1=Todd|title=For pioneering immunotherapy researcher, the work is far from over|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/For-pioneering-immunotherapy-researcher-the-work-6728734.php|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=Houston Chronicle|date=30 December 2015}}</ref> }} '''James Patrick Allison''' (born August 7, 1948) is an American [[immunologist]] and Nobel laureate who holds the position of [[professor]] and chair of [[Immunology]] and executive director of immunotherapy platform at the [[M. D. Anderson Cancer Center]]. His discoveries have led to new cancer treatments for the deadliest cancers. He is also the director of the [[Cancer Research Institute]] (CRI) scientific advisory council. He has a longstanding interest in mechanisms of T-cell development and activation, the development of novel strategies for tumor [[immunotherapy]], and is recognized as the first person to isolate the [[T-cell]] [[antigen]] receptor complex protein.<ref name="Cancer Research Institute">{{cite web|title=James Allison|url=http://www.cancerresearch.org/our-strategy-impact/people-behind-the-progress/scientists/james-allison|website=Cancer Research Institute|publisher=Cancer Research Institute|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> In 2014 and 2018, he was awarded the [[Tang Prize|Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science]] and the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] respectively along with [[Tasuku Honjo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner.php?cat=11&y=2 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020051653/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner.php?cat=11&y=2 |archivedate=2017-10-20 |title=2014 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science |access-date=2016-06-18 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="Devlin 2018">{{cite web | last=Devlin | first=Hannah | title=James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo win Nobel prize for medicine | website=the Guardian | date=2018-10-01 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/01/james-p-allison-and-tasuku-honjo-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine | access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref> ==Early life== Allison was born on 7 August 1948 in Alice, Texas, the youngest of three sons of Constance Kalula (Lynn) and Albert Murphy Allison.<ref name=fmrs1/> He was inspired by his 8th grade math teacher to pursue a career in science.<ref name="ASCO Post">{{cite news|last1=Cavallo|first1=Jo|title=Immunotherapy Research of James P. Allison, PhD, Has Led to a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Cancer - The ASCO Post|url=http://www.ascopost.com/issues/september-15-2014/immunotherapy-research-of-james-p-allison-phd-has-led-to-a-paradigm-shift-in-the-treatment-of-cancer/|accessdate=4 August 2016|work=www.ascopost.com|publisher=ASCO Post|date=15 September 2014}}</ref> Allison earned a [[B.S.]] in [[microbiology]] from [[University of Texas, Austin]] in 1969, where he was a member of [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] fraternity. He earned his [[Ph.D.]] in [[biological science]] in 1973, also from UT Austin, as a student of G. Barrie Kitto.{{cn|date=October 2018}} ==Career== He was appointed a professor of immunology and director of the Cancer Research Laboratory at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1985. In 2004, he moved to the [[Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]] (MSKCC) in [[New York City]] to become the director of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and the chair of the immunology program as well as the Koch chair in immunologic studies and attending immunologist at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He was a professor of [[Weill Cornell Medicine]] and co-chair of the Department of Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis at [[Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences]] from 2004 to 2012, and also a [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] (HHMI) investigator until 2012, when he left to join the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in 2012. Since 2012 he has been chair of immunology at M.D. Anderson.<ref name="MD Anderson Bio">{{cite web|title=James P. Allison, Ph.D. - Immunology - Faculty - MD Anderson Cancer Center|url=http://faculty.mdanderson.org/James_Allison/default.asp?SNID=0|website=faculty.mdanderson.org|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> He is a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] and the [[Institute of Medicine]], and is a fellow of the [[American Academy of Microbiology]] and the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. He is director of the [[Cancer Research Institute]] scientific advisory council. Previously, he served as president of the [[American Association of Immunologists]].{{cn|date=October 2018}} ==Research== His research to elucidate mechanisms of T-cell responses was conducted in the late 1980s at University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and in the 1990s at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Leach | first=D. R. | last2=Krummel | first2=M. F. | last3=Allison | first3=J. P. | title=Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity by CTLA-4 Blockade | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | volume=271 | issue=5256 | date=1996-03-22 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.271.5256.1734 | pages=1734–1736|pmid=8596936}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Story of Yervoy (Ipilimumab)|url=http://crl.berkeley.edu/discoveries/the-story-of-yervoy-ipilimumab}}</ref> In the early 1990s, Jim Allison and Jeff Bluestone showed that CTLA-4 acts as an inhibitory molecule to restrict T cell responses. In 1996, Allison was the first to show that antibody blockade of a T-cell inhibitory molecule (known as [[CTLA-4]]) could lead to enhanced anti-tumor immune responses and tumor rejection. This concept of blocking T-cell inhibitory pathways as a way of unleashing anti-tumor immune responses and eliciting clinical benefit laid the foundation for the development of other drugs that target T-cell inhibitory pathways, which have been labeled as "immune checkpoint therapies".<ref name="ASCO Post" /> This work ultimately led to the clinical development of [[ipilimumab]] (Yervoy), which was approved in 2011 by the FDA for the treatment of [[metastatic melanoma]]. Allison trained at Scripps Research under tumor-immunologist Ralph Reisfeld, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, researching human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and T cells and exploring the role HLA proteins play in enabling the immune system to distinguish self from invaders. In 1977, Allison and a colleague, G.N. Callahan, reported in a letter to Nature that they had found evidence that the immune system was prevented from attacking cancer cells due to antigens’ association with additional proteins. Finding the factors that inhibited the immune attack on cancer has been key to developing checkpoint-blockade cancer immunotherapies. Allison's research is in molecular immunology of the [[T cell receptor|T cell antigen receptor complex]], co-stimulatory receptors, and other molecules involved in T cell activation. He is particularly interested in finding signals that lead to differentiation of [[naive T cells]] and also those that determine whether antigen receptor engagement will lead to functional activation or inactivation of T cells. Once defined, the basic studies are used to develop new strategies for the treatment of [[autoimmune diseases]] and [[immunotherapy]] of [[cancer]]. Most recently he has been interested in understanding the immune responses in cancer patients who respond to immunotherapy. He established the immunotherapy platform at MD Anderson Cancer Center to study immune responses in cancer patients.<ref name="James Allison">{{cite web|title=James P. Allison - Researcher Profile {{!}} Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center|url=http://www.mskcc.org/research/lab/james-allison|publisher=Memorial Sloan - Kettering Cancer Center|accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref> ==Honors== In 2011 Allison won the [[Gabbay Award|Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award for Biotechnology and Medicine]]<ref name="BU">{{cite web |title=Past winners |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/rosenstiel/gabbayaward/past.html |website=brandeis.edu |publisher=Brandeis University |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref> and was awarded the [[American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award]].<ref name="Winners">{{cite web | title=Past Recipients | website=The American Association of Immunologists | url=https://www.aai.org/Awards/Career-Awards/AAI-Lifetime-Achievement-Award/Past-Recipients.aspx | access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref> In 2013 he shared the [[Novartis Prize for Clinical Immunology]]. In 2014 he shared the first [[Tang Prize|Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science]] with [[Tasuku Honjo]],<ref name="Tang Prize" /> won the 9th Annual [[Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research]] of the [[National Foundation for Cancer Research]], received the $3 million [[Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences]], the [[Canada Gairdner International Award]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ackerman|first1=Todd|title=The scientist who just might cure cancer|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/health/article/The-scientist-who-just-might-cure-cancer-5376864.php|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=Houston Chronicle|date=4 April 2014}}</ref> the [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/horwitz-prize-awarded-work-therapy-uses-immune-system-destroy-cancer-cells |title=Horwitz Prize Awarded for Work on Therapy That Uses the Immune System to Destroy Cancer Cells |publisher=Cumc.columbia.edu |date=2014-10-02 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}</ref> and the [[Harvey Prize]] <ref>[http://harveypz.net.technion.ac.il/prize-winners/ Harvey Prize 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702131614/http://harveypz.net.technion.ac.il/prize-winners/ |date=2015-07-02 }}</ref> of the [[Technion]] Institute of Technology in [[Haifa]]. In 2015, he received the [[Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award]].<ref name="Lasker Award" /> For 2017 he received the [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/Wolf-Prize-to-be-awarded-to-eight-laureates-from-US-UK-and-Switzerland-477364 |title=Wolf Prize to be awarded to eight laureates from US, UK and Switzerland |publisher=Jpost.com |date=2017-01-03 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}</ref> and the [[Balzan Prize]] for Immunological Approaches in Cancer Therapy (this prize jointly with [[Robert D. Schreiber]]). <ref>[http://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/robert-schreiber-and-james-allison Balzan Prize 2017]</ref> In 2018 he received the [[King Faisal International Prize]] in Medicine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kfip.org/en |title=King Faisal International Prize 2018 |publisher=Kfip.org |date=2018-04-01 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}</ref>, the [[Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal]] and the [[Albany Medical Center Prize]] in Medicine and Biomedical Research.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amc.edu/news/trailblazing-researchers-in-immunotherapy-selected-to-receive-americas-most-distinguished-prize-in-medicine.cfm |title=Trailblazing Researchers in Immunotherapy Selected to Receive America's Most Distinguished Prize in Medicine |publisher=Amc.edu |date=2018-08-15 |accessdate=2018-10-01}}</ref> He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 jointly with [[Tasuku Honjo]] for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation |url=http://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Adv_info_2018.pdf |publisher=The Nobel Assembly |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="TGUK">{{cite web |last1=Hannah |first1=Devlin |title=James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo win Nobel prize for medicine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/01/james-p-allison-and-tasuku-honjo-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine |publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref> ==Personal life== Allison is married to M.D. Anderson colleague Padmanee Sharma. His mother died of <nowiki>[[lymphoma]]</nowiki> when he was eleven. His brother died of prostate cancer in 2005. He plays the harmonica for a blues band of immunologists and oncologists called the Checkpoints. He also plays with a local band called the Checkmates.<ref name="Houston Chronicle" /> ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == *[https://faculty.mdanderson.org/profiles/james_allison.html Academic Home Page] *[http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/allison_bio.html Howard Hughes Medical Institute bio] {{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine}} {{2018 Nobel Prize winners}} {{Wolf Prize in Medicine}} {{Breakthrough Prize laureates}} {{2014_Tang_Prize_winners}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Allison, James}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American immunologists]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni]] [[Category:People from Alice, Texas]] [[Category:Scientists from New York City]] [[Category:Massry Prize recipients]] [[Category:People from Houston]] [[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]] [[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]] [[Category:University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center faculty]] [[Category:Cornell University faculty]] [[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award]] [[Category:Tang Prize laureates]] [[Category:Fellows of the AACR Academy]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]] [[Category:American Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Wolf Prize in Medicine laureates]]'