Examine individual changes

'[[File:Southern Paiutes.jpg|thumb|[[Moapa Band of Paiute Indians|Moapa]] Southern Paiute, Paiute woman and girl wearing traditional Paiute basket hats. Baby swaddled in rabbit robes in [[cradleboard]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]]] The '''Southern Paiute people''' is a tribe of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] that have lived in the [[Colorado River]] basin of southern [[Nevada]], northern [[Arizona]], and southern Utah. Bands of Southern Paiute live in scattered locations throughout this territory and have been granted Federal Recognition on several reservations. The first European contact with the Southern Paiute occurred in 1776, when fathers [[Silvestre Vélez de Escalante]] and [[Francisco Atanasio Domínguez]] encountered them during an attempt to find an overland route to the [[Spanish missions in California|missions of California]]. They noted that some of the Southern Paiute men "had thick beards and were thought to look more in appearance like Spanish men than native Americans".{{efn|1={{harvtxt|Warner|1995|pp=187–193}} cites {{harvtxt|Dominguez|de Escalante|1776}}}} Before this date, the Southern Paiute suffered slave raids by the [[Navajo people|Navajo]] and the [[Ute Tribe|Ute]]. The arrival of Spanish and later Euro-American explorers into their territory increased slave raiding by other tribes. In 1851, [[Mormon]] settlers strategically occupied Paiute water sources, which created a dependency relationship. But, the presence of Mormon settlers soon ended the slave raids, and relations between the Paiutes and the Mormons were basically peaceful. The Mormon [[missionary]] [[Jacob Hamblin]] worked at diplomatic efforts. The introduction of European settlers and agricultural practices (most especially large herds of [[cattle]]) made it difficult for the Southern Paiute to continue their traditional lifestyle, as it drove away the game and reduced their ability to hunt, as well as to gather natural foods. Today Southern Paiute communities are located at [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], [[Pahrump, Nevada|Pahrump]], and [[Moapa Town, Nevada|Moapa]], in [[Nevada]]; [[Cedar City, Utah|Cedar City]], [[Kanosh, Utah|Kanosh]], [[Koosharem, Utah|Koosharem]], Shivwits, and Indian Peaks, in [[Utah]]; at [[Kaibab, Arizona|Kaibab]] and Willow Springs, in [[Arizona]]. == Traditional Southern Paiute bands == The Southern Paiute traditionally had 16 to 31 subgroups, bands, or tribes.{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=394}} * '''Ankakkani'kacimi''' ('''Un-ka-ka'-ni-guts, Unka-kanig-its''', '''Oaw'tuhus'eng'''), "Yellow Mouth of Canyon People" in present [[Long Valley (Kane County, Utah)|Long Valley]] * '''Antarianunts''' (Ute name with ending ''unts''); Paiute name '''Yantar<s>i</s>i''', mixed Southern Paiute-Ute band from [[Escalante River]] east to Colorado River and southeast to [[Henry Mountains]], Utah{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=394}} * Beaver band ('''K^wi?umpací<s>i</s>i''', '''Kwiumpus''', '''Quiumputs)''', "''[[Frasera speciosa]]'' people", lived in [[Beaver Valley (Utah)|Beaver Valley]] along [[Beaver River (Utah)|Beaver River]] near today's [[Beaver, Utah]],{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=394}} some intermarried with the [[Pahvant]] [[Ute people|Ute]] band to the north living in the deserts near [[Sevier Lake]] * Cedar band ('''Ankappanukkic<s>i</s>cim<s>i</s>)''', '''Unkapanukuints''', "Red-stream people", or '''Suh’dutsing''', "Cedar people" from near [[Cedar City, Utah]]{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=394}} * Gunlock band ('''Matooshats''', '''Matissatï''' was the name given them by the southwards living ''St. George band/Uainuints'', they instead bestowed the term to Southern Paiute bands northeast of them), lived near [[Gunlock, Utah|Gunlock]]{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=395}} in southwest Utah * '''[[Kaibab Paiute|Kaibab]]''' ('''Kaipapic<s>i</s>cim<s>i</s>''', '''Kaivavwits''', '''Kaibabits''', '''Kaipa'pici''', '''Kaivavituvingui''', "Mountain Lying Down People" the [[Kaibab Plateau]] and [[Kaibab National Forest]] in northern Arizona are named after them{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=395}} * Indian Peak Band * '''Kaiparowits''', "mountain home of the people", lived along the [[Escalante River]] and were hunting the [[Kaiparowits Plateau]] in Utah,{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=395}} therefore also known as Escalante band * [[Las Vegas Paiute|Las Vegas band]] ('''N<s>i</s>pakant<s>i</s>cim<s>i</s>''', '''Nuaguntits'''), "People of [[Mount Charleston|Charleston Peak]]"{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=395}} * '''[[Moapa Band of Paiute Indians|Moapa]]''' ('''Moapats'''), "Muddy Creek Paiute"{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=395}} * '''Pahranagat''' ('''Pata?nikic<s>i</s>'''), "Person who sticks his feet in the water, named for the [[Pahranagat Valley]], Nevada{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=395}} * '''Panaca''' ('''Tsouwaraits''', '''Matisabits'''), named for [[Panaca, Nevada]]{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=396}} * '''Panguitch''' ('''Pakiucimi'''), "fish people", named for [[Panguitch, Utah]]{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=396}} * [[San Juan Paiute|San Juan band]] ('''Kwaiantikowkets'''), "People being over on the opposite side", from the [[San Juan River (Colorado River)|San Juan River]] in northern Arizona{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=396}} * '''[[Shivwits]]''' ('''Sipicimi''', '''Shebits''', '''Sübüts'''), "People who live in the East"{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=396}} * '''Uinkaret''' ('''Yipinkat<s>i</s>t<s>i</s>cim<s>i</s>'''), "People of Mount Trumbull"{{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=396}} * '''Uainuints''' ('''Uenuwunts''', also known as '''Tonaquints''', hunted and farmed from [[Hebron, Utah|Hebron]] (Shoal Creek Fort), [[Enterprise, Utah|Enterprise]] and Pinto southward along the [[Santa Clara River (Utah)|Santa Clara River]] (also called ''Tonaquint River'') to his mouth into the [[Virgin River]] south of today's [[Saint George, Utah]], therefore called St. George Band){{sfn|Kelly|Fowler|1986|p=396}} == Contemporary Southern Paiute federally recognized tribes == * [[Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona]]—[[Kaibab Indian Reservation]], [[Arizona]] * [[Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian Colony]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] * [[Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation]], [[Moapa River Indian Reservation]], [[Moapa, Nevada]] * [[Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah]], [[Cedar City, Utah]] ** [[Cedar City Band of Paiutes]] ** [[Kanosh Band of Paiutes]] ** [[Koosharem Band of Paiutes]] ** [[Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes]] ** [[Shivwits Band of Paiutes]] * [[San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona]], [[Tuba City, Arizona]] == Notable Southern Paiutes == * [[Tony Tillohash]], linguist and politician == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Sources == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book | title = Derrotero de los Padres Fray Francisco Atanacio Domínguez, and Fr. Silvestre Vélez, de Escalante, en sus exploraciónes, desde las missiones de Zuñy del Nuevo Mexico, hasta las ymmediaciones de Monte Rey de California | first1 = Atanasio | last1 = Dominguez | first2 = Silvestre <!-- {{sfn|Dominguez|de Escalante|1776 }} --> | last2 = Vélez de Escalante | date = 1776 | url = http://mith.umd.edu/eada/gateway/diario/diary.html | ref = harv }} * {{cite web | last1 = Hogan | first1 = C. Michael | title = Morro Creek – Ancient Village or Settlement in United States in The West | date = 2008 | work = The Megalith Portal | editor1-first = A. | editor1-last = Burnham | url = http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18502 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130524184144/http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18502 | archivedate = {{date|24 may 2013 }} | deadurl = no | ref = harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia | last1 = Kelly | first1 = Isabel T. | last2 = Fowler | first2 = Catherine S. | author2-link = Catherine S. Fowler | date = 1986 | chapter = Southern Paiute | pages = 368–397 | editor1-last = d'Azevedo | editor1-first = Warren L. | encyclopedia = [[Handbook of North American Indians]] | volume = '''11''' Great Basin | others = [[William C. Sturtevant]], general editor | publisher = Smithsonian Institution | isbn = 978-0-16-004581-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Kroeber | first1 = Alfred L. | author1-link = Alfred L. Kroeber | date = 1925 | title = Handbook of the Indians of California | publisher = Government Printing Office | series = Bulletin (Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology) | volume = 78 | location = Washington, D. C. | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87612#page/7/mode/1up | ref = harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia | last1 = Pritzker | first1 = Barry M. | date = 2000 | encyclopedia = A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples | publisher = OUP | isbn = 978-0-19-513877-1 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | translator1-last = Chávez | translator1-first = Angélico | editor1-last = Warner | editor1-first = Ted J. | others = foreword by Robert Himmerich y Valencia | date = 1995 | title = The [[Dominguez–Escalante Expedition|Domínguez–Escalante]] journal : their expedition through Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico in 1776 | publisher = University of Utah Press | isbn = 978-0-87480-447-8 | ref = harv }} {{refend}} == Further reading == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book | last1 = Dutton | first1 = Bertha Pauline | date = 1976 | title = The Ranchería, Ute, and Southern Paiute Peoples | publisher = Prentice-Hall | edition = 2nd | isbn = 978-0-13-752923-0 | ref = harv }} {{refend}} == External links == {{Commons category|Paiute}} === Tribes === * [http://www.utahpaiutes.org/ Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah] === Language === * [https://www.ailla.utexas.org/islandora/object/ailla%3A124402 Southern Paiute Collection of Charles Cairns] at [[Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America|AILLA]]—contains audio recordings of words, phrases, and a story in the Southern Paiute language. === Other === * [https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1506652361/removing-classrooms-from-the-battlefield-liberty "Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice", 2008 ''BYU Law Review'' 377] * "The Piutes and the Legacy of [[Richard Henry Pratt]]"{{clarify|date=May 2014}} * [http://www.kaibabpaiute-nsn.gov/spc/SPC2temp_Paiute_Map.jpg Traditional Southern Paiute Territory: Band Divisions] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140520001435/http://library.dixie.edu/special_collections/Juanita%20Brooks%20lectures/lecture_images/2007%20-%20map.png Southern Paiute Tribal Boundary] {{Indigenous People of AZ}} [[Category:Paiute| ]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin]] [[Category:Native American tribes in Arizona]] [[Category:Native American tribes in Nevada]] [[Category:Native American tribes in Utah]]'