Examine individual changes

'{{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Religion in Peru (2017 Census, Age 12+)<ref name="census2007">{{cite web|title=Censos Nacionales 2017|url=http://www.censos2017.pe/inei-difunde-base-de-datos-de-los-censos-nacionales-2017-y-el-perfil-sociodemografico-del-peru/}}</ref> </big> |label1 = [[Catholic]] |value1 = 76.0 |color1 = DarkOrchid |label2 = [[Protestant]] |value2 = 14.1 |color2 = DodgerBlue |label3 = No religion |value3 = 5.1 |color3 = Honeydew |label4 = Other christians and other religions |value4 = 4.8 |color4 = Chartreuse }} {{Culture of Peru}} '''Religion in [[Peru]]''' is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. [[Christianity]] is the largest religion in Peru. ==Christianity== ===Roman Catholicism=== '''Bold text'''====History==== '''The Spanish conquerors not only conquered Peru militarily, but also sought to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity. Indigenous Andean religious beliefs and practices persisted, which the Catholic Church sought to suppress.<ref>Kenneth Mills, ''Idolatry and Its Enemies: Colonial Andean Religion and Extirpation, 1640-1750''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.</ref><ref>Susan E. Ramírez, ''To Feed and Be Fed: The Cosmological Bases of Authority and Identity in the Andes''. Stanford: Stanford University Press 2005.</ref><ref>Carolyn Dean, ''Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cuzco,''' Peru''. Durham: Duke University Press 1999.</ref> Many churches were built in the colonial period, the visible manifestation of Catholicism. <ref>Damián Bayon and Murillo Marx, ''History of South American Colonial Art and Architecture''. New York: Rizzoli 1989.</ref><ref>Harold Wethey, ''Colonial Architecture and Sculpture in Peru''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1949.</ref><ref>Alfredo Benavides Rodríguez, ''La arquitectura en el Virreinato del Perú y en la Capitanía General de Chile. 3rd edition’’. Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello 1988.</ref><ref>Antonio San Cristóbal Sebastián, ''Arquitectura virreinal religiosa de Lima''. Lima: stadium 1988.</ref><ref>Valerie Fraser. ''The Architecture of Conquest: Building in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1535-1635''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989.</ref><ref>Teresa Gisbert and José de la Mesa, ''Arquitectura andina, 1500-1830''. 2nd edition. La Paz: embajada de España en Bolivia 1997.</ref> Some convents were also built on Inca sites. For example, in 1605, some Dominican nuns built the Convent of Santa Catalina in Cuzco atop the site of the "acllahuasi", once home to virginal young women dedicated to serving the ruling Inca. Another convent, the Convent of Santa Clara, was one of the first institutions the conquistadores of Cuzco built for "Indian nobles", the daughters of the indigenous elite whose collaboration made Spain's indirect rule over the Andes possible.<ref>{{cite book |first=Kathryn |last=Burns |title=Colonial Habits: Convents and the Spiritual Economy of Cuzco, Peru|location=Durham, North Carolina |publisher=Duke University Press |edition=2nd |year=1999 |isbn=9780822322917 |page=2 }}</ref> At Santa Clara, Inca nobles were to be "raised Christian and to receive 'buenas costumbres' (literally, good customs or manners), shorthand for an education in Spanishness", which included knowledge, stitchery, and literacy. After graduating from this course in Spanish culture, charges were free to profess vows or leave the convent.<ref>Burns, 27.</ref> Miscegenation was not an issue among Spaniards. Many prominent Spanish men lived with elite Inca women, only to marry Spanish women later in life and marry off their Andean partners to less prominent Spaniards.<ref>Burns, 21.</ref> ====Modern era==== The Peruvian government is closely allied with the Catholic Church. Article 50 of the Constitution recognizes the Catholic Church's role as "an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral development of the nation." <ref>International Religious Freedom Report 2007; Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor; Published by U.S. State Department. Page 15</ref> Catholic clergy and laypersons receive state remuneration in addition to the stipends paid to them by the Church. This applies to the country's 52 bishops, as well as to some priests whose ministries are located in towns and villages along the borders. In addition each diocese receives a monthly institutional subsidy from the Government. An agreement signed with the Vatican in 1980 grants the Catholic Church special status in Peru.<ref>[[Kevin Boyle (lawyer)|Kevin Boyle]] and Juliet Sheen, ''Freedom of religion and belief: a world report''. Routledge; 1997. Page 144.</ref> The Catholic Church receives preferential treatment in education, tax benefits, immigration of religious workers, and other areas, in accordance with the agreement. So Roman Catholicism could be considered the main religion of Peru. See also the following: [[Roman Catholicism in Peru]] with Partial list of Catholic universities in Peru; and [[Lord of Miracles]], Peruvian religious festival. Although the Constitution states that there is freedom of religion, the law mandates that all schools, public and private, impart religious education as part of the curriculum throughout the education process (primary and secondary).<ref>Michael Fleet and Brian H. Smith''The Catholic Church and democracy in Chile and Peru''. University of Notre Dame Press; 1997. Page 201-202.</ref> Catholicism is the only religion taught in public schools. In addition, Catholic religious symbols are found in all government buildings and public places. According to the 2017 Census, there were 76% of the population 12+ identifying themselves as [[Catholics]]. ===Protestants=== At the 2017 Census there were 14.1% of the population 12+ identifying themselves as [[Protestants]], mainly [[Evangelicals]]. In Latin America most Protestants are called Evangelicos because most of them are Evangelical Protestants, while some are also traditional [[Mainline Protestant]]. They continue to grow faster than the national growth rate. == Other religions in Peru == <!-- Con las migraciones llegaron otras prácticas religiosas al Perú. Los chinos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, los judíos, las comunidades árabes y turcas, cada grupo social trajo su propia religión, de tal manera que se practica en el Perú, además de la religión cristiana, la religión budista, mahometana, hinduista, entre otras. --> ===The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints=== {{main|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Peru}} [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] claims more than [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints membership statistics#South America|578,000 members]] in Peru.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beta-newsroom.lds.org/country/peru |title=LDS Newsroom -Peru |publisher=Beta-newsroom.lds.org |date=2011-12-24 |accessdate=2012-10-20}}</ref><ref name="ldsstats">{{cite web|url=http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/facts-and-statistics/country/peru |title=Peru |publisher=[[Church News]]|date=2016-09-24 |accessdate=2016-09-20}}</ref> There are currently 764 congregations that meet in Peru.<ref name="ldsstats"/> There are currently two [[Temples (LDS Church)|LDS temples]] in Peru, one located in [[Lima Peru Temple|La Molina]], Lima, and the other in [[Trujillo Peru Temple|Trujillo]]. On October 6, 2012, the LDS church announced a third temple to be built in Arequipa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/trujillo/ |title=Trujillo Peru Temple |website=LDS Church Temples |date= |accessdate=2012-10-20}}</ref> At the April 3, 2016 General Conference of the LDS church, it was announced that a fourth temple would be built in [[Los Olivos District|Los Olivos]], Lima. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ldschurchtemples.org/limalosolivos/ |title=Lima Peru Los Olivos Temple |website=LDS Church Temples |accessdate=2018-04-04 }}</ref> This second temple in Lima will make the city one of the few in the world with two temples. Peru is also home to more than 100 stakes of the LDS church. ===Buddhism=== Buddhism was introduced to Peru in 1899 when the ship Sakura Maru arrived at Callao, Peru, with 790 people from Japan. Japanese, Chinese, and Korean immigration to Peru during the 19th and 20th Century brought [[Mahayana Buddhism]] to Peru, and followers of that style of Buddhism remain largely concentrated within those ethnic groups. While Mahayana remains the largest school of Buddhism in Peru, other schools such as the Diamond form have begun to spread so that Peru has more than 50,000 practicing Buddhists. === Bahá'í Faith === {{main|Bahá'í Faith in Peru}} The Bahá'í Faith in Peru begins with references to Peru in Bahá'í literature as early as 1916, with the first [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'ís]] visiting as early as 1919. A functioning community wasn't founded in [[Peru]] until the 1930s with the beginning of the arrival of coordinated [[Pioneering (Bahá'í)|pioneers]] from the [[United States]]<ref name="alamb">{{cite book | last = Lamb | first = Artemus | title = The Beginnings of the Bahá'í Faith in Latin America:Some Remembrances, English Revised and Amplified Edition | publisher = M L VanOrman Enterprises |date=November 1995 |location = 1405 Killarney Drive, West Linn OR, 97068, United States of America | url =http://bahai-library.com/lamb_bahai_latin_america}}</ref> which progressed into finding national Peruvian converts and achieved an independent national community in 1961.<ref name="stats">{{cite book |title = The Bahá'í Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bahá'í Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963 | publisher = [[Hand of the Cause|Hands of the Cause]] Residing in the Holy Land | year = 1963 | location = Haifa, Israel | pages = 19, 22, 23, 36, 46, 52, 109 | url =http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63#22 | isbn = }}</ref> The [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (relying mostly on the [[World Christian Encyclopedia]]) estimated some 41,000 Bahá'ís in 2005.<ref name="WCE-05">{{cite web| title = Most Baha'i Nations (2005) | work = QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions > |publisher = The Association of Religion Data Archives | year = 2005| url =http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_40c.asp |accessdate = 2009-07-04}}</ref> === Islam === {{main|Islam in Peru}} [[Image:Masjid Bab ul Islam en construcción.jpg|thumb|[[Mosque Bab ul Islam]] in [[Tacna]] under construction in 2007]] The statistics for Islam in Peru estimate a total [[Muslim]] population of 5,000, largely based in the capital of [[Lima, Peru]];<ref>Shaikh, Farzana. "Islam and Islamic groups: a worldwide reference guide", 1992</ref> a number which has remained static since 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrnet.org/system/files/library/islam_in_latin_am.pdf |title=Islam in Latin America |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2012-10-20}}</ref> === Seax-Wica === [[Seax-Wica]] was introduced to Peru by Seax Gesith Ariel Phoenice, Witan of the Mimir's Well Seax Coven, Perú<ref>{{cite web |first=Ariel |last=Phoenice |url=http://worldwidewicca.wordpress.com/2011/11/22/informacion-de-la-religion-wicca-tradicion-sajona/ |title=Información de la Religión Wicca Tradición Sajona |date=2011-11-22 |website=Worldwide Wicca |publisher=Wordpress |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209102906/http://worldwidewicca.wordpress.com/2011/11/22/informacion-de-la-religion-wicca-tradicion-sajona/ |archivedate=2012-02-09 }}</ref> in 2001. Other covens were subsequently founded in [[Arequipa]] and [[Tacna]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{South America topic|Religion in}} [[Category:Religion in Peru|*]]'