Examine individual changes

'@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@ -{{short description|Small balloon used as a children's toy}} -{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=January 2017}} - - {{for|the Bert Jansch album|Toy Balloon (album)}} [[Image:InflatableBalloons.jpg|thumb|right|Inflated party balloons]] -A '''toy balloon''' or '''party balloon''', is a small [[balloon]] mostly used for decoration,<ref>{{cite web|title=Balloon|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/balloon.aspx|publication-place=[http://www.encyclopedia.com encyclopedia.com]}}</ref> advertising and children's toys. Toy balloons are usually made of [[rubber]] or [[Metallised film|aluminized plastic]], and [[inflatable|inflated]] with air or [[helium]]. They come in a great variety of sizes and shapes, but are most commonly 10 to 30 [[centimetres]] in [[diameter]]. Toy balloons are not considered to include "[[sky lanterns]]" (hot-air paper balloons), although these too are or were used as child toys in some parts of the world. +A '''toy balloon''' or '''party balloon''', is a small [[balloon]] mostly used for decoration,<ref>{{cite web|title=Balloon|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/balloon.aspx|publication-place=[http://www.encyclopedia.com encyclopedia.com]}}</ref> advertising and child toy. Toy balloons are usually made of [[rubber]] or [[Metallised film|aluminized plastic]], and [[inflatable|inflated]] with air or [[helium]]. They come in a great variety of sizes and shapes, but are most commonly 10 to 30 [[centimetres]] in [[diameter]]. Toy balloons are not considered to include "[[sky lanterns]]" (hot-air paper balloons), although these too are or were used as child toys in some parts of the world. -According to [[JAMA (journal)|The Journal of the American Medical Association]], out of 373 children who died in the US between 1972 and 1992 after choking on children's products, nearly a third choked on [[latex]] balloons. The Consumer Products Safety Commission found that children had inhaled latex balloons whole (often while trying to inflate them) or choked on fragments of broken balloons.<ref>{{cite web|last1=COLLINS|first1=CLARE|title=Balloons Made of Latex Pose Choking Hazard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/13/garden/balloons-made-of-latex-pose-choking-hazard.html|publication-place=[https://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Parents (magazine)|''Parents'']], a monthly magazine about raising children, advised parents to buy [[BoPET|Mylar]] balloons instead of latex balloons.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kramer|first1=Pamela|title=Babyproofing 101: 10 Household Safety Hazards|url=http://www.parents.com/baby/safety/babyproofing/10-household-baby-safety-hazards/|publication-place=[http://www.parents.com/ parents.com]}}</ref> +According to [[JAMA (journal)|The Journal of the American Medical Association]], out of 373 children who died in the US between 1972 and 1992 after choking on children's products, nearly a third choked on latex balloons. The Consumer Products Safety Commission found that children had inhaled latex balloons whole (often while trying to inflate them) or choked on fragments of broken balloons.<ref>{{cite web|last1=COLLINS|first1=CLARE|title=Balloons Made of Latex Pose Choking Hazard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/13/garden/balloons-made-of-latex-pose-choking-hazard.html|publication-place=[https://www.nytimes.com/ nytimes.com]|publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Parents (magazine)|Parents]] a monthly magazine about raising children advised parents to buy Mylar balloons instead of latex balloons.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kramer|first1=Pamela|title=Babyproofing 101: 10 Household Safety Hazards|url=http://www.parents.com/baby/safety/babyproofing/10-household-baby-safety-hazards/|publication-place=[http://www.parents.com/ parents.com]}}</ref> ==History== @@ -16,14 +12,14 @@ The first rubber balloons were made by Professor [[Michael Faraday#Royal Institution and public service|Michael Faraday]] in 1824 for use in his experiments with [[hydrogen]] at the [[Royal Institution]] in London. "The [[Natural rubber|caoutchouc]] is exceedingly elastic", he wrote in the [[Quarterly Journal of Science]] the same year. "Bags made of it...have been expanded by having air forced into them, until the caoutchouc was quite transparent, and when expanded by hydrogen they were so light as to form balloons with considerable ascending power...." Faraday made his balloons by cutting round two sheets of rubber laid together and pressing the edges together. The tacky rubber welded automatically, and the inside of the balloon was rubbed with flour to prevent the opposing surfaces joining together.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mh9lAAAAIAAJ&pg ''Mechanics' Magazine and Journal of Science, Arts, and Manufactures,'' Vol. 2, Knight and Lacey, 1824; p. 327]</ref> -Latex rubber toy balloons were introduced by pioneer rubber manufacturer [[Thomas Hancock (inventor)|Thomas Hancock]] the following year in the form of a do-it-yourself kit consisting of a bottle of rubber solution and a condensing syringe. [[Vulcanized]] toy balloons, which unlike the earlier kind were unaffected by changes in temperature, were first manufactured by J.G. Ingram of London in 1847 and can be regarded as the prototype of modern toy balloons.<ref>Patrick Robertson, ''The Book of Firsts,'' Bramhall House, NY, 1978.</ref> +Toy balloons were introduced by pioneer rubber manufacturer [[Thomas Hancock (inventor)|Thomas Hancock]] the following year in the form of a do-it-yourself kit consisting of a bottle of rubber solution and a condensing syringe. [[Vulcanized]] toy balloons, which unlike the earlier kind were unaffected by changes in temperature, were first manufactured by J.G. Ingram of London in 1847 and can be regarded as the prototype of modern toy balloons.<ref>Patrick Robertson, ''The Book of Firsts,'' Bramhall House, NY, 1978.</ref> -In the 1920s [[Neil Tillotson]] designed and produced a [[latex]] balloon with a cat's face and ears from a cardboard form which he cut by hand with a pair of scissors. He managed to make his first sale of these balloons with an order of 15 gross to be delivered for the annual [[Patriots Day]] Parade on April 19, 1931. The first colored balloons were sold at the [[Century of Progress|1933-34 Chicago World's Fair]].<ref>Arnold E. Grummer, ''The Great Balloon Game Book and More Balloon Activities,'' Greg Markim, Inc., Appleton, Wisconsin, 1987 {{ISBN|0-938251-00-7}}</ref> +In the 1920s [[Neil Tillotson]] designed and produced a [[latex]] balloon with a cat's face and ears from a cardboard form which he cut by hand with a pair of scissors. He managed to make his first sale of these balloons with an order of 15 gross to be delivered for the annual [[Patriots Day]] Parade on April 19, 1931. The first colored balloons were sold at the [[Century of Progress|1933-34 Chicago World's Fair]].<ref>Arnold E. Grummer, ''The Great Balloon Game Book and More Balloon Activities,'' Greg Markim, Inc., Appleton, Wisconsin, 1987 ISBN 0-938251-00-7</ref> ==Foil balloons== -Inflatable [[Foil (chemistry)|foil]] balloons are made from plastics, such as aluminized [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]]. Foil balloons are not elastic like rubber balloons, so that detailed and colorful pictures printed on their surfaces are not distorted when the balloon is inflated. Foil balloons are thus named because they sometimes have a metallic coating to make them shiny, however there have been concerns about metallic balloons causing [[short circuit]]s when caught in overhead [[Electric power transmission|power lines]]. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://safeelectricity.org/dont-let-metallic-balloons-ruin-party/|title=Don’t Let Metallic Balloons Ruin The Party - Safe Electricity|work=Safe Electricity|access-date=2018-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Because metallic balloons can cause [[power outage]]s like on [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]] train lines <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/train-stalled-it-may-be-balloons-fault|title=Train stalled? It may be balloon's fault|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>, it is recommended that the metallic balloons not only be tied by a string or ribbon with no metal in it, but also securely tied down by a weight to prevent the balloon from floating away and some train operators either issue advisories on how to handle balloons or ban balloons altogether. When no longer required, it is recommended to cut the balloon to release the [[helium]] and dispose of in a garbage container. +Inflatable [[Foil (chemistry)|foil]] balloons are made from plastics, such as aluminized [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]]. Foil balloons are not elastic like rubber balloons, so that detailed and colorful pictures printed on their surfaces are not distorted when the balloon is inflated. Foil balloons are thus named because they sometimes have a metallic coating to make them shiny, however there have been concerns about metallic balloons causing [[short circuit]]s when caught in overhead [[Electric power transmission|power lines]] {{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}. Because metallic balloons can cause [[power outage]]s {{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}, it is recommended that the metallic balloons not only be tied by a string or ribbon with no metal in it, but also securely tied down by a weight to prevent the balloon from floating away. When no longer required, it is recommended to cut the balloon to release the [[helium]] and dispose of in a garbage container. ==Filling== [[Image:Balloon Race 10June2006.JPG|thumb|right|Helium filled balloons]] -Every toy balloon has an opening (or ''mouth'') through which gases are blown into it, followed by a connecting tube known as the ''neck''. Balloons are usually filled by using one's [[breath]], a [[pump]], or a pressurized gas tank. The opening can then be permanently tied off or clamped temporarily. Foil balloons are typically self-sealing. By filling a balloon with a gas [[lighter than air]], such as [[helium]], the balloon can be made to [[buoyancy|float]]. Helium is the preferred gas for floating balloons, because it is [[Inert gas|inert]] and will not catch fire (like [[hydrogen]]) or cause [[toxicity|toxic]] effects when [[inhalation|inhaled]]. Small, light objects (postcards, in [[balloon mail]] for example) are sometimes placed in balloons along with helium and released into the air and, when the balloon eventually falls, the object inside might be found by another person. Rubber balloons can also be filled with [[liquid]]s (usually [[water]]) and can burst when they impact a solid object. Liquid-filled balloons are commonly referred to as [[water balloon]]s or water bombs and used in playful fights, and sometimes [[vandalism]]. +Every toy balloon has an opening (or ''mouth'') through which gases are blown into it, followed by a connecting tube known as the ''neck''. Balloons are usually filled by using one's [[breath]], a [[pump]], or a pressurized gas tank. The opening can then be permanently tied off or clamped temporarily. Foil balloons are typically self-sealing. By filling a balloon with a gas [[lighter than air]], such as [[helium]], the balloon can be made to [[buoyancy|float]]. Helium is the preferred gas for floating balloons, because it is [[inert]] and will not catch fire (like [[hydrogen]]) or cause [[toxicity|toxic]] effects when [[inhalation|inhaled]]. Small, light objects (postcards, in [[balloon mail]] for example) are sometimes placed in balloons along with helium and released into the air and, when the balloon eventually falls, the object inside might be found by another person. Rubber balloons can also be filled with [[liquid]]s (usually [[water]]) and can burst when they impact a solid object. Liquid-filled balloons are commonly referred to as [[water balloon]]s or water bombs and used in playful fights, and sometimes [[vandalism]]. ==Balloon shapes== @@ -42,23 +38,39 @@ ==Noises== Toy balloons are often characterized with its distinctive noises if manipulated in some ways. These noises include: -* Popping: The common loud noise of an inflated balloon when it bursts. When a balloon bursts, the torn parts of the rubber suddenly contracts with sufficient force to exceed the [[speed of sound]] and forms a small [[sonic boom]]. It happens simultaneously as a sudden air pressure change from the inside, causing a rapid [[shockwave]] that creates the sharp, loud popping sound. ''[[Balloon phobia|Globophobia]]'' is an uncommon kind of [[phobia]] (fear) commonly associated with the popping noise produced by balloons. - -* Squeaking: It is done by inflating the balloon, then slowly release the air by stretching the neck or the mouth sideways. The stretched part creates a very tight and tiny gap for air to flow, then the air pressure causes the opening to oscillate and vibrate, creating a loud high-pitched squeaking or screeching noise. The sound can be changed by adjusting the tension of the stretching. This is the same way that how [[vocal cords]] and [[reed (instrument)|reed instrument]] works. [[Balloon rocket|Rocket balloons]], however, could create this noise by simply deflating, due to the tighter neck. - -* "[[Blowing a raspberry|Raspberry]]" sound: It is done by simply releasing an inflated balloon and letting it deflate. The escaping air pressure creates a turbulence that causes the flexible opening to flap back and forth rapidly, creating a deep, long "[[flatulence]]"-like noise. The balloon will also propelled away because of the [[Newton's law of motion|Newton's third law of motion]], a phenomenon commonly known as ''[[balloon rocket]]''. This can also be done by pinching the balloon's neck, then slowly open the mouth without letting it loose. The open end vibrates instead of flapping, creating a similar, yet higher pitched noise. - +* Popping: The common loud noise of an inflated balloon when it bursts. When a balloon bursts, the torn parts of the rubber suddenly contracts with sufficient force to exceed the [[speed of sound]] and forms a small [[sonic boom]]. It happens simultaneously as a sudden air pressure change from the inside, causing a rapid [[shockwave]] that creates the sharp, loud popping sound. ''[[Globophobia]]'' is an uncommon kind of [[phobia]] (fear) commonly associated with the popping noise produced by balloons. +<br> +* Squeaking: It is done by inflating the balloon, then slowly release the air by stretching the neck or the mouth sideways. The stretched part creates a very tight and tiny gap for air to flow, then the air pressure causes the opening to oscillate and vibrate, creating a loud high-pitched squeaking or screeching noise. The sound can be changed by adjusting the tension of the stretching. This is the same way that how [[vocal cords]] and [[reed (instrument)|reed instrument]] works. +** [[Balloon rocket|Rocket balloons]], however, could create this noise by simply deflating, due to the tighter neck. +<br> +* "[[Blowing a raspberry|Raspberry]]" sound: It is done by simply releasing an inflated balloon and letting it deflate. The escaping air pressure creates a turbulence that causes the flexible opening to flap back and forth rapidly, creating a deep, long "[[flatulence]]"-like noise. The balloon will also propelled away because of the [[Newton's law of motion|Newton's third law of motion]], a phenomenon commonly known as ''[[balloon rocket]]''. +** This can also be done by pinching the balloon's neck, then slowly open the mouth without letting it loose. The open end vibrates instead of flapping, creating a similar, yet higher pitched noise. +<br> * Scratching: It is done by simply rubbing a hand against the balloon itself, providing the balloon is fully inflated, creating an elastic surface. - -* Thrumming: Hold the balloon by the opening valve (usually while it is knotted closed) and shake it. The balloon bounces and stretches, creating another distinctive sound. ==Uses== -[[File:Paolo Monti - Serie fotografica (Milano, 1962) - BEIC 6328472.jpg|thumb|[[Paolo Monti]], 1962]] -Toy balloons are used as decorations and/or advertising space. Balloons are usually purchased in deflated form, however, some party stores and vendors at special events will fill their balloons before selling them, this is called "balloon stuffing" where the balloons are filled with objects such as smaller balloons, teddy bears, etc. +Toy balloons are used as decorations and/or advertising space. Balloons are usually purchased in deflated form, however some party stores and vendors at special events will fill their balloons before selling them, this is called "balloon stuffing" where the balloons are filled with objects such as smaller balloons, teddy bears, etc. While toy balloons are primarily a toy, they are also sometimes used for demonstrations and experiments in classrooms. During the 19th century, it was thought that rubber balloons could be used to replace certain organs, but this was quickly disproved. -Toy balloons can be filled with water and used in a variety of ways, usually for fun. They can be thrown, or set up to drop on the head of an unsuspecting victim. Some Australians report using water balloons around their house during [[bushfires]], as the heat of the flames breaks the balloon and causes the water to land on the fire. - -There are [[water balloons]] which are balloons specifically designed to be filled with water. +*Recap (Popping): Someone pops a ball with a pencil and it flys until it gets all flat. +*Recap (Mouth Inflation): At the beach, Someone blows up a ball five times. (with the suggestion:thub, thub, thub, thub, thub, feal, pub) after the ball gets completely big and very round (possibly to signal if the ball if it pops later; according to a Store customer, the ball company should have the ball blown up ready by the time it looks like their product image, and if not, the ball pops extremely loudly). They put a ball-plug (also known as the [[oral inflation valve]]) or a needle-pump place. When this happens, the balls get shipped to the stores. +*Recap (Pump Inflation): Someone pumps up a ball five times. (with the suggeston: thub, thub, thub, thub, thub, feal, pub) +*Recap (Deflation): Someone pulls out the plug from the ball and the air gets removed (with the suggestion: feeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeal, pub. +*balls don't fly when they pop in real life. +*A separate version has surfaced that takes the Break version and adds the flying on a balloon logo from January 29, 2016. +*Sometimes, a Blow To Pop version is shown, and the suggestion goes "Thub, thub, thub, thub, thub, Thub, thub, thub, thub POP!." +*Sometimes, a Pump To Pop version is shown, and the suggestion goes "Thub, thub, thub, thub, thub, Thub, thub, thub, thub POP!." +*Sometimes, A Sit-Pop Version Is Shown. +*Sometimes, a helium inflated version is shown. It can be seen on Spongebob Squarepants: Truth or Square. +*In 2016, They only blow three times. This time, the suggeston goes "Fwoo, Fwoo, Fwoolh, Cheeka, Cheeka, Chuh". +*A new variant, only introduced in the summer of 2015, has the beach replaced with the pool. This is seen on The Looney Tunes Show: The Foghorn Leghorn Story at the beginning of the episode marked as Censored Twelve according to Looney Tunes Wiki. It also appears on YouTube Coach while Google Images has both The Normal version and this version. +*Sometimes, a string inflation version is shown, and the suggestion goes "Fwu, Cheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, Chuh." +*the newest variant, was from Mike, Lu & Og (2017), after inflating, the inflation goes through the character. +*Sometimes, the ball is inflated. +*Sometimes, they don't bring a ball to the beach. +*A Black and White variant appeared on Daffy and the Dinosaur (1937). +*On Courage the Cowardly Dog : A Beavers Tail, a balloon plug is used instead of the oral inflation valve. +*On Hare Ribbin' (1944) and Sandy Claws (1955), a double inflatable is shown where it has a blow through hole into two mr. whiskers balls. +*On The Barney & Friends episode: Play Ball and the Looney Tunes: Inflatable Popping episode: Boingy boingy boingy boingy boingy boingy pop, the material and inflation style is different and the beach ball has a handle to cover up the air. ==See also== @@ -71,5 +83,6 @@ ==References== - +{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=January 2017}} +{{Refimprove|date=June 2008}} {{reflist}} {{refbegin}} '