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'{{Refimprove|date= July 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}} {{Infobox person | name = Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi | image = DR MAGHFOOR AHMAD AJAZI SKETCH, Mar 2013.jpg |caption=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1900|03|03}} | birth_place = [[Muzaffarpur]], India | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1966|09|26|1900|03|03}} | death_place = [[Muzaffarpur]], India | nationality = Indian | occupation = Political & social activist | known_for = Founder of [[All-India Jamhur Muslim League]] & Flag bearer for the cause of Urdu Language }} '''Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi''' (1900–1966) was an Indian political activist from [[Bihar]]. ==Early life== Ajazi was born in village Dihuli, Block Sakra of District [[Muzaffarpur]], in Bihar on 3 March 1900.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sajjad|first1=Mohammad|title=Maghfur Aijazi: A freedom-fighter and a builder of Indian democracy|url=http://twocircles.net/2013jan06/maghfur_aijazi_freedomfighter_and_builder_indian_democracy.html#.VPkHguHN45w|website=TwoCircles.net|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref> His father Moulvi Hafizuddin Husain and grand father Haji Imam Bakhsh were zamindars and his mother's name was Mahfoozunnisa. His maternal grandfather Reysat Husain was an advocate in Sitamarhi.<ref>Bihari Lal Fitrat (1883) ''AAin-e-Tirhut'' published from Bahar-e-Kashmir Press, Lucknow, republished with translation by Mahrajdhiraj Kameshwar Singh Kalyani Foundation, Darbhanga-2001</ref> Ajazi joined Madarsa-e-Imdadia, Darbhanga, for his initial religious teachings, then North Brooke Zila School, Darbhanga, from where he was expelled for opposing the Rowlatt Act.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He passed the matriculation examination from Pusa High School and was admitted in B.N. College, Patna, for higher studies.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He married Azizul Fatima, who was a daughter of his maternal uncle Moulvi Abul Qasim.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Bride and Groom wore hand-woven Khadi clothes.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He became a disciple of Ajaz Husain Budayuni, the Khalif of Hazrat Fazle Rahman Ganj Muradabadi, and assumed title of 'Ajazi'.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He gained his patriotism from his father.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Ajazi's mother died in his childhood, while his father died in Lucknow during treatment and was buried in Chaar Bagh Qabristan when Ajazi was in school.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} His elder brother Manzoor Ahsan Ajazi was also a freedom fighter.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He had only one sister, Noorun Nisa, who died without children. She was married with Chaudhary Mohammad Kalimullah "Zamindar" of vill. Hayaghat Bilaspur, Dist. Darbhanga.ref>AMU, Aligarh's Organ "Tahzib-ul-Akhlaque" started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Feb. 2004, p49</ref> ==Pre-Independence activism== Ajazi left his studies at B.N. College Patna to follow [[Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] and joined the non-co-operation movement in 1921.<ref>The Immortals By Syed Naseer Ahmed -Azad House of Publications, Guntur (AP), 2014</ref> Thereafter he actively participated in the freedom movement, including the boycott and burning of English dresses and articles, breaking of salt law, individual satyagrah, opposition to the Simon Commission and Bharat Chhoro stirs.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He mobilised masses against the British by organising volunteer corps, Ramayan Mandali, Charkha samiti, and Kanoon-e-Nijaat.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He also collected fund for the freedom struggle through the 'Muthia' drive.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} 'Muthia' meant to take out a muththi or fist of grain before preparing every meal to fund the freedom struggle. {{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Ajazi was in charge of North Bihar.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Once he unknowingly reached the house of his cousin in a remote village. He inquired about 'Muthia'. He received a negative answer. His cousin recognised him and requested him to take meal, but he refused even a glass of water.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} When his sister promised to take out muthia and donated the dues, he agreed to take meal.<ref>Bihar Vibhuti-Vol. iii-Bihar Abhlekhagar, Govt. of Bihar--2014</ref> He attended the AICC session held at Ahmedabad in 1921 and supported Mohani's motion on 'Complete Independence', which was opposed by Mahatma Gandhi and failed.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He met Gandhi at Sabarmati Ashram. He joined [[Khilafat movement]] and became member of the Central Khilafat Committee. Thus he came into contact with [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]] and [[Shaukat Ali]] and became their associate. {{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He represented the Central Khilafat Committee at the All Parties Conferences and All Muslim Parties Conferences on [[Nehru Report]] along with Maulana Shaukat Ali, Begum Md. Ali, Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Maulana Azad Subhani, Maulana Abul Mohasin Md. Sajjad and others.<ref> He undertook a preparatory course in Social Science at Elim University Sikkim.</ref><ref>Reneissance Law CollegeIndore B.A,LLB(Hons)2nd.Sem.HIstory Unit-1</ref> On the direction of Md Ali Jauhar, he took charge of the Khilafat Committee Calcutta. He was arrested in a protest march led by [[Subhash Chandra Bose]] and was arrested and released.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He obtained a degree from Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} During the by-election of [[Abdul Bari (professor)|Abdul Bari]], he was arrested and expelled from Purnia district.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was prosecuted for the 'Dihuli Conspiracy' and his office was searched.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} In August 1942, his house was searched, forcing him to work secretly, and his eldest son Muzaffar Husain Ajazi died on 25 July 1942.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} After the earthquake of 1934, he and Rajendra Pd. devoted themselves to the relief operation.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} One night they had to sleep beneath a tree with their heads on a single brick.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Ajazi opposed [[Jinnah]]'s two-nation theory <ref> India, eleventh to twenty first century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i1mdAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 February 2013|date=1 January </ref> and the creation of a separate [[Pakistan]]. He founded the [[All-India Jamhur Muslim League]] to counter Jinnah's [[All-India Muslim League]], and served as its first general secretary.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Opponents used to come in batches to his residence, virtually spitting and shouting slogans.<ref name="Husain(India)2005">{{cite book|author1=S. M. Azizuddin Husain|author2=Jamia Millia Islamia (India)|title=Madrasa educat2005|publisher=Kanishka Publishers, Distributors|isbn=978-81-7391-741-7}}</ref><ref>Sir Syed Ahmad Kahn:Vision and Mission Delhi: Manohar, 2008, pp. 181–197</ref><ref>Terrorism is Comes from US, Barath Kumar PKT, published by A. Palanivelu</ref><ref>South Asian History And Culture Routledge, London, Vol. 2, pp. 16–36. ISSN 1947-2498, Taylor and Francis Group</ref><ref>Islam and the modern age-volume 33-pp.69 & 84/books google.co.in/books?id=JNPXAAAAMAAJ & igRRAQAAIAAJ-2002</ref><ref>NMML Manuscripts:an introduction-p.120/books.google.co.in/books?id=MgduAAAAMAAJ-2000</ref><ref>Builders Of Bihar By Dr. Syed Ahmad Quadri-2008-pp 61–63</ref><ref>World HeritageEncyclopedia,ID:WHEBN0038065375</ref> <ref>The Muslim Heroes Of Bihar By Fakhruddin Ahmad Nishter-2013-pp 34–36</ref><ref>Monograph on Dr. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi by Dr. Farooque Ahmad Siddiqui Published by Bihar Urdu Academy, Govt. of Bihar, Patna, 2010</ref><ref>Bihar District Fact Book,Muzaffarpur District</ref><ref>Preparatory Course in Social Science published by Jharkhand Rai University p170</ref><ref>Bihar-DavisHunter.com-p.8/15 http://www.davishunter.comv/home/place/Bihar</ref> [[File:First Session of All India Jamhur Muslim League held in 1940 at Muzaffarpur,Bihar.jpg|thumb|right|First Session of All India Jamhur Muslim League]] Ajazi was also a poet and writer in the Urdu language as well as an orator. His papers, diaries, letters and files are preserved in the [[Nehru Memorial Museum & Library]] in New Delhi, [[National Archives]] in New Delhi and the [[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library]] in Patna.<ref>Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi, 16th Annual Report, 1981–82, p.9</ref><ref>Nehru Memorial Museum and Library New Delhi, 27th Annual Report 1992-93,p.13</ref><ref>National Archives, New Delhi F NO.4(3) 1/92 PA</ref><ref>Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library Patna Acc. No.2209</ref><ref>About Islamic World in Medicine, Quran, Translation</ref><ref>Bihar Govt. Magazine "Bihar"Republic Day Spl.2002, p67</ref><ref>Contesting Colonialism and Separatism: Muslims of Muzaffarpur Since 1857 http://www.primusbooks.com/showbookdetail.asp?bookid=71</ref> ==Post-independence activism== After India's independence in 1947, Ajazi devoted his life to the welfare of the downtrodden and the development of the Urdu language.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was also active in the trade union movement.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was founder or president of various labour unions of North Bihar.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Ajazi was a pioneer of the Urdu movement in Bihar.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was elected vice-president of Anjuman Taraqqui-e Urdu Bihar on 6 October 1936 at an Urdu conference held at Anjuman Islamia hall, Patna, under the Presidency of Abdul Haq (then general secretary of Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu Hind).{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was the chairman of the Urdu Conference of Muzaffarpur held in 1960, in which for the first time a resolution was passed demanding that Urdu be accepted as an official language in Bihar.<ref>Huma Urdu Digest Delhi, Urdu Number</ref> (After 15 years this demand became reality).<ref>Muslim Politics in Bihar Prof. Md. Sajjad AMU Published by Routiedge 2014</ref><ref>http://wwwbihartimes.in/articles/sajjad/muzaffarpur.html</ref> He was nominated by the Congress Party as an official candidate from Patepur Assembly Constituency (then in the Muzaffarpur District of Bihar) in the 1957 general election. His elder brother Manzoor Ahsan Ajazi, who then recently rejoined the Congress after resigning from Praja Socialist Party was made a dummy candidate from the same constituency.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Ajazi withdrew his candidature and campaigned for his brother, who won the seat.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Again Ajazi was nominated as a Congress candidate for Bihar Legislative Council, but Sami Nadvi was also nominated, so Ajazi withdrew his candidature.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was disillusioned with Congress after its Abadi session, so he resigned from Congress on ideological differences and joined the newly-formed Swatantra Party led by Raja Ji.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He held prominent posts in the Swatantra Party at both State and Central levels.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He unsuccessfully contested the 1962 Lok Sabha General election for the Muzaffarpur Parliamentary constituency.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} The Congress candidate, Digvijay Narayan Singh, realising his position, requested Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru to visit his constituency. Nehru visited Muzaffarpur and addressed a public gathering at Chakkar Maidan of Muzaffarpur, where asserted: "Swatantra Party is swearing Muslims on Quran to vote for its candidate"<ref>Urdu daily Seyasat Jadid & Paigham Kanpur, Sangam Patna dated 21–22, March, 1962</ref> This claim proved decisive.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Ajazi established Anjuman Khuddam-e-Millat, based on the pattern of Sir Syed's Educational society.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} This society established a school, renovated the Company Bagh Mosque of Muzaffarpur, now the biggest Mosque of this city, built a rest house, and undertook the last rites of unclaimed dead bodies.<ref>twocircles.net/../maghfur_aijazi_freedomfighter_and_builder</ref><ref>Afkar-e-Milli, New Delhi, Spl. Bihar Issue, July, 2000, p254</ref><ref>http://www.muzaffarpurtimes.com/sajjad.htm</ref><ref>http://www.biharanjuman.org</ref><ref>English Daily The Times Of India. Independence Day Issue</ref> ==Death== Ajazi died on 26 September 1966 at Ajazi House, his residence in Muzaffarpur city, and was buried in Qazi Mohammadpur Qabristan.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], the fifth President of India said: "Dr. Ajazi was in forefront of India's struggle for independence, The story of his life is a unique and interesting story of an important era of the country".{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Acharya J.B. Kripalani said: "Dr. Ajazi was a great patriot, a devoted servant of humanity and a lovable friend. Selfless patriot like him are becoming rare. His death is a loss to society". Fictionist and journalist Kalam Haidry and novelist and journalist Moin Shahid called him "Baba-e-Urdu, Bihar" (Father of Urdu in BIhar) for his services towards Urdu language. Journalist and poet Wafa Malikpuri described him an old 'Mujahid' (crusader) for Urdu language.<ref>Bihar Govt. Magazine "Bihar", March, 2005, p38</ref><ref>Muslim Freedom Fighters Of India,By Syed Obaidur Rahman,Published By M/S Global Media Publications</ref><ref>The Muslim Heroes Of Bihar By Fakhruddin Ahmad Advocate</ref> The Muzaffarpur Municipal board named the road leading to his residence "Dr. Ajazi Marg" in his honour.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajazi, Maghfoor Ahmad}} [[Category:1900 births]] [[Category:1966 deaths]] [[Category:Indian Muslims]] [[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]] [[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]] [[Category:People from Muzaffarpur]] [[Category:Urdu poets from India]] [[Category:Bihari politicians]] [[Category:Swatantra Party politicians]] [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]] [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]] [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]'