Examine individual changes

'[[Image:Original coat of arms of Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|150px|Arms granted to the city of Gibraltar by a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo on July 10, 1502 by [[Isabella of Castile]]]] The '''Kingdom of Gibraltar''' is one of the many historic [[substantive title]]s pertaining to the [[Crown of Castile|Castilian monarchy]] and its successor, the [[Spanish monarchy]], belonging to what is known as ''Grand Title'' ({{lang-es|Título Grande}}).<ref name="protocolo"/> It was added to the monarchy titles by the king [[Henry IV of Castile]], upon the addition of Gibraltar to the Crown patrimony in 1462.<ref>{{cite book | title=Gibraltar. A History | author=Maurice Harvey | publisher=Spellmount Limited | year=1996 | isbn=1-86227-103-8 | pages=50-51}}</ref> As many titles belonging to territories that are no longer under the sovereignty of the Spanish Monarchy (such as [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]], [[Kingdom of Two Sicilies|Two Sicilies]] or the West and East Indies), the title of "King of Gibraltar" is kept in the [[List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown|titles and honours of the Spanish Crown]] and is among the titles of the present king, [[Juan Carlos I]]<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/royalstyle.htm#spain Royal Styles: Spain]</ref><ref name="protocolo">{{cite book | title=Honores y protocolo | language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | author=Francisco López-Nieto y Mallo | pages=126 | publisher=EL CONSULTOR | year=2006 | isbn=8470523872}}</ref>, although the town Gibraltar was ceded to the British Crown under [[:s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain#ARTICLE X|Article X]] of the [[Treaty of Utrecht]] [[1713]]. ==History== During the [[Middle Ages]], [[Gibraltar]] was part of the [[Moors|Moorish]] [[Taifa]] of [[Malaga]] in [[Al-Andalus]]. It was ruled by Abdul Malik, son of the [[kingdom of Fez|King of Fez]], between 1333 and 1340. After an unsuccessful siege led by [[Alfonso XI of Castile]] during the [[Reconquista]] period, Emir [[Isa Ibn al-Hassam]] proclaimed himself "King of Gibraltar and its lands" in 1355. The kingship remained in Muslim hands for the next century. Gibraltar was finally captured by [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] on 15 December 1462 when it fell to an army led by the [[Duke of Medina Sidonia]], who expelled the Moors from the territory. King [[Henry IV of Castile]], the father of the later Queen [[Isabella of Castile]], rewarded the duke with the title of [[Marquisate of Gibraltar|Marquess of Gibraltar]] and added the kingship of Gibraltar to the list of titles of the Castilian crown. The title continued to be used by his successors even after the territory was ceded to the Crown of [[Great Britain]] in perpetuity under the terms of the [[Treaty of Utrecht]] of 1713.<ref>''Juridical Facts as Sources of International Rights and Obligations'', vol. 6 in ''International law in historical perspective'', J. H. W. Verzijl, W. P. Heere, J. P. S. Offerhaus, p. 174. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1973. ISBN 9028602232</ref> The continued use of the title thus emphasizes a Spanish viewpoint that the British monrarch merely has ''possession'' of Gibraltar, rather than ''sovereignty'' over it.<ref>''Spain'', [[George Hills (historian)|George Hills]], p. 80. Praeger, 1970</ref> The United Kingdom, by contrast, takes the position that the treaty transferred sovereignty as well as possession.<ref name="korman">Sharon Korman, ''The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice'', p. 97. Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 0198280076</ref> When Gibraltar was captured by an Anglo-Dutch fleet on behalf of the [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]], claimant to the Spanish throne, in 1704, the city council and most of the population left, founding in 1706 the nearby town of [[San Roque, Cádiz|San Roque]].<ref>''Rock of Contention: A History of Gibraltar'', George Hills, p. 176. Robert Hale & Company, 1974. ISBN 0709143524</ref> The original royal warrant of 1502, which the city council took with it to San Roque along with Gibraltar's standard and records, is now in the San Roque municipal archives.<ref>"[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/about_gib/national_symbols/national_index.htm Arms of Gibraltar]", Government of Gibraltar. Accessed 2005-05-31</ref>{{Citation broken|date=October 2009}} San Roque still uses a modified version of the original [[coat of arms of Gibraltar]] to symbolise its connection with Gibraltar. As the rest of the historic substantive titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, this title is not officially designated in the 1978 constitution, but the constitution notes that the title of the King is King of Spain and further grants the right to use "the others pertaining to the Crown" (''los demás que correspondan a la Corona''). This title was among the ones used by [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]]<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_dlDTBbqewIC | journal=Hidalguía | issue=196-197 | year=1986 | title=Títulos del rey don Alfonso XII | pages=370 | language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | author=Rafael de Fantoni y Venedi}}</ref>, which, by this provision of the constitution, the King is entitled to use.<ref>http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sp00000_.html Article 56 of the Spanish constitution of 1978</ref> Although the kingship of Gibraltar continues to be among the titles of the Spanish monarchy, it was customary for titles and arms of conquered territories to be omitted from British regnal claims. The title and arms were thus never claimed by the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarchy]].<ref>''The Dublin Review'', p. 109, January-February-March 1969. Ed. Nicholas Patrick Wiseman</ref> ==See also == * [[Spanish nobility]] * [[Spanish monarchy]] * [[List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown]] * [[History of Spain]] * [[History of Gibraltar]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Spanish monarchy| Monarchy]] [[ca:Emirat de Gibraltar]] [[es:Reino de Gibraltar]] [[pt:Reino de Gibraltar]]'