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'{{more footnotes|date=October 2012}} {{Refimprove|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox instrument | names = | image I am a bitch bitches get stitches = Bendir.jpg | caption = Moroccan [[bendir]] with snares | background = | classification = | hornbostel_sachs = 211.3 | hornbostel_sachs_desc = [[Membranophone]] | inventors = | developed = | range = | pitch = | timbre = | volume = | attack = | decay = | related = | musicians = *[[G. Harishankar]] *[[Layne Redmond]] *[[Glen Velez]] | builders = | articles = }} A '''frame drum''' is a [[drum]] that has a [[drumhead]] width greater than its depth. Usually the single [[drumhead]] is made of [[rawhide (textile)|rawhide]] or man-made materials. Shells are traditionally constructed of bent wood (rosewood, oak, ash etc.) [[scarf joint]]ed together; plywood and man-made materials are also used. Some frame drums have mechanical tuning and on many the drumhead is stretched and tacked in place. It is the earliest skin drum known to have existed. Examples are found in many places and cultures. The frame drum is one of the most ancient musical instruments; it is reputed to be the first drum to be invented. Frame drums are often constructed with a round, wooden frame. Metal rings or [[Jingle (percussion)|jingles]] may also be attached to the frame. Larger frame drums are played mainly by men in spiritual ceremonies; medium-size drums are played mainly by women. ==Types of frame drums== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| *[[Adufe]] (Portugal) *[[Bendir]] (North Africa, Turkey) *[[Bodhrán]] (Ireland) *[[Buben]] (Russia) *[[Crowdy-crawn]] (Cornwall) *[[Daf]] (Iran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Middle East) *[[Daires]] (Greece) *Duff, daff, daffli (India) *Epirotiko Defi (Greece) *[[Dayereh]] (Iran, Central Asia, Balkans) *[[Dob (drum)|Dob]] (Hungary) *[[Doyra]] (Uzbekistan) *[[Dhyāngro]] (Nepal) *[[Ghaval]] (Azerbaijan) *[[Gumbe (drum)]] (Sierra Leone, Caribbean) *[[Kanjira]] (India) *[[Lag-na]] (Tibet) *[[Mazhar]] (Egypt) *[[Pandeiro]] (Brazil) *[[Pandereta or Pandero]] (Puerto Rico) *[[Pandereta]] (tuna, rondalla, estudiantina - Spain, Philippines and LatinAmerica) *[[Pandero]] (España) *[[Pandero cuequero]] (Chile) *[[Pandero jarocho]] (Mexico) *[[Parai]] (India, Sri Lanka) *[[Patayani thappu]] (India) *[[Ramana (drum)|Ramana]] (Thailand) *[[Rapa'i]] (Aceh, Indonesia) *[[Ravann]] (Mauritius) *[[Rebana]] (Southeast Asia) *[[Riddle drum]] (England) *[[Riq]] (Arabic world) *[[Sami drum]] (Nordic and Russia) *[[Sakara drum]] (Nigeria) *Shaman drum *[[Tamborim]] (Brazil) *[[Tambourine]] (Europe, USA) *[[Tamboutsia]] (Cyprus) *[[Tamburello (drum)|Tamburello]] (Italy) *[[Tammorra]] (Italy) *[[Tar (drum)|Tar]] (Middle East, North Africa) *[[Thappu]] (India) *[[Timbrel]] *Toph, Tupim (Israel) *[[Uchiwa daiko]] (Japan) *[[Skor yike|Yike]] (Cambodia) }} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Frame drums}} [[Category:Drums]] [[Category:Medicine drums]] [[Category:Percussion instruments]] [[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]'