Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox Train | name = British Rail Class 483 | image = Class 483 "Island Line" train - geograph.org.uk - 1407091.jpg | caption = A pair of Island Line Class 483s in London Underground livery entering the Ryde tunnel. | interiorimage = 483004 Interior.JPG | imagesize = 300px | interiorcaption = The extensively refurbished interior of an Island Line Class 483 EMU. | background = #891B1C; color: white; | manufacturer = [[Metro Cammell]] | operator = [[Island Line Trains]] | formation = 2 cars per trainset | numberservice = 6 trainsets (1 in overhaul, 1 stored) | family = [[British Rail tube trains|Tube]] | service = 1938-1988 on [[London Underground]]<br>1989-present on [[Island Line, Isle of Wight|Island Line]] | weight = {{convert|55|t|abbr=on}} each 2 car set. | capacity = 84 seats (2 car set) | maxspeed = {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on}} | gauge = {{Track gauge|56.5in|allk=on}} | electricsystem = 630 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[3rd rail]] |collectionmethod = [[Contact shoe]] | poweroutput = {{convert|500|kW|abbr=on}} total power per 2 car set. | depots = [[Ryde depot]] }} The '''[[British Rail]] Class 483''' [[electric multiple unit]]s were originally built as [[London Underground 1938 Stock|1938 tube stock]] units for [[London Underground]]. They were extensively refurbished between 1989 and 1992 by [[Eastleigh Works]], for use on services on the [[Isle of Wight]]'s [[Island Line, Isle of Wight|Island Line]]. This was despite having already worked for nearly 50 years on the London Underground. The units replaced the even older and life-expired [[British Rail Classes 485 and 486]] units, which were introduced in 1967, but were originally built as [[London Underground Standard Stock|'Standard' stock]] units for the [[Underground Electric Railways Company of London|London Electric Railway]] in 1923. The stock is 80 years old and still in service as of 2018, making it the oldest type in Great Britain to remain in regular service. The current operator, [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]], have submitted a plan to the [[Department for Transport]] to replace the elderly stock with newer [[British Rail Class 230|Class 230]] units. Coincidentally, these trains are also former London Underground Stock, formerly designated as [[London Underground D78 Stock|D78 Stock]]. ==History== ===Prior to Isle of Wight service=== The trains were originally built by [[Metro-Cammell]] as 1938 tube stock for [[London Underground]]. An initial batch was withdrawn from service in 1973, and they were considered for use on the Island Line (which would not bear that name for another 16 years). However, the under-floor equipment was thought to be a problem, as extensive adaptations would be needed to Ryde Works to allow fitters to access it. It was also felt that the under-floor equipment would be vulnerable to salt water damage on Ryde Pier, especially in bad weather.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=38}} The last batch of 1938 stock was withdrawn in 1985, except for five trains required on the [[Northern line]] between 1986 and May 1988 due to increasing passenger numbers. In 1987, [[Network SouthEast]] managers realised that the existing 1923-built {{brc|485}} trains would not be economically serviceable beyond around 1990 and thoughts turned to the future of the line. After closure of the route was discounted, it was decided to purchase and refurbish 1938 stock.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=60}} In April 1988, London Underground offered a total of 28 carriages in revenue-earning condition to NSE, joined by three further carriages in May 1989. In addition, between May 1988 and October 1990, four scrap vehicles and nine works vehicles, to be used for spare parts, were taken from LU's [[Ruislip depot]]. While the project's feasibility study suggested that three-car units would be preferred, it was thought that the alterations required to [[Ryde depot]] would be both difficult and expensive. It was instead decided that two-car units would be used, using a maximum of six coaches in any train formation.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=62}} Of the 31 coaches available, 20 were selected for use on the island. These were extensively refurbished between 1989 and 1992 by Eastleigh Works to ready them for service on the line. This was necessary as the trains had already worked for nearly 50 years on the London Underground. [[File:British Rail Class 483 - door open buttons.jpg|thumb|right|Interior (left) and exterior (right) door open/close buttons retro-fitted to the BR Class 483 units.]] As well as cosmetic and structural work, significant electrical works were required both to replace dilapidated wiring, and to allow the trains to work from the line's [[third rail]] electrical supply.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |pp=64-65}} Eight two-car units were initially refurbished between 1989 and 1990. These units were numbered 483001-008, although only the final three digits were carried on the cab ends. Units were painted in the new [[Network SouthEast]] livery, of blue with red and white stripes. The first unit was tested on the [[South West Main Line]] between Basingstoke and Eastleigh before travelling to [[Fratton railway station|Fratton]] ready for its transfer to the island. Testing and crew training on the remaining units took place on the [[Portsmouth Direct Line]] and [[Shepperton Branch Line]].{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=65}} ===On the island=== The first unit, 001, arrived on the Isle of Wight on 5 July 1989 following an overnight [[Isle of Wight ferry services|ferry crossing]] from Portsmouth to Fishbourne. It was delivered by road to [[Sandown railway station|Sandown]], then hauled to [[Ryde depot]] by one of the existing passenger trains. It began test running on the Island Line in the evening of 6 July, before a public launch on 13 July.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=66}} Regular passenger services using the Class 483 did not commence until October, while the last of the eight planned units did not enter service until July 1990.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=92}} While it was originally planned to use only eight units, in 1992—two years after the rest of the fleet had entered service—the ninth unit, numbered 009, was also refurbished and transported to the island.{{sfn |Hardy |2003 |p=68}} A 10th unit was also shipped to Ryde depot, although this was for spares only and was never used in passenger operation on the Island. This unit was unofficially given the unit number 483010. Each unit was formed of two driving motor vehicles, numbered 121–129 and 221–229. The technical description of this formation was DMSO(A)+DMSO(B). When the units were first introduced, the final digit of the unit number and the final digit of the carriage numbers corresponded, such that unit 001 was formed of vehicles 121 and 221. However, since then, a few rearrangements have taken place to the unit formations. [[File:2007_1002_IoW_Train.JPG|thumb|A Class 483 in the 'Dinosaur' livery at [[Ryde Pier Head]]]] In 1996, with the [[privatisation of British Rail]], the Ryde–Shanklin line became the Island Line franchise, which was won by the [[Stagecoach Group]]. Services continued to be branded as [[Island Line Trains]]. In the late 1990s several units were withdrawn from service as surplus to requirements. From 2000 onwards, the remaining units were overhauled, and most repainted into a new livery of blue and yellow, with pictures of dinosaurs. Two units, nos. 007 and 009, were later repainted into their original [[London Regional Transport|London Transport]] red livery, (albeit with yellow warning panels on the cab rather than the original red), and during 2007-2008, the rest of the fleet was painted into this livery. According to an article in the October 2005 issue of ''Rail Professional'' magazine, at that time Island Line was paying "an eye-watering £140,000 a year" to lease the trains, meaning that "[s]ince [[Privatisation of British Rail|privatisation]], [[Eversholt Rail Group|HSBC Rail]] has pocketed over £1m for leasing these relics that are effectively worthless."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Randall |first=Chris |date=October 2005 |title=The Rail Professional Interview: Haydn Abbott - Angel Trains |journal=Rail Professional |issue=103 |page=17 |issn=1476-2196 |url=http://railpro.co.uk/issues/pdfs/oct05master.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=6 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120193049/http://www.railpro.co.uk/issues/pdfs/oct05master.pdf |archivedate=20 November 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> In March 2007, [[South West Trains]] purchased the rolling stock outright from the [[Rail_transport_in_Great_Britain#Leasing_companies_.28ROSCO.29|leasing company]] HSBC Rail for £1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islandpulse.co.uk/b2/isle-of-wight-island-line-independence/|title=‘Wagons Roll’ Towards Island Line Independence.|date=28 March 2007|accessdate=18 September 2007|publisher=[[Island Pulse]]|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223013741/http://www.islandpulse.co.uk/b2/isle-of-wight-island-line-independence/|archivedate=23 December 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Further that year, the Island Line franchise was amalgamated with South West Trains as part of the new [[South Western franchise]]. There are no official plans to replace the rolling stock on the Isle of Wight, although Island Line once claimed to have interest of introducing [[London Underground 1973 stock|Piccadilly line rolling stock]] in the future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railforums.co.uk/showpost.php?p=411077&postcount=8 |title=RailUK Forums - View Single Post - 1973 tube stock for Isle of Wight |accessdate=6 February 2013}}</ref> ===Refurbishment=== The Class 483 trains were last refurbished during 2007;{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} work on the six-vehicle fleet included: * an exterior repaint into London Transport maroon with cream window pillars * a retrim of the seat moquette into the same moquette that the London Underground A60/62 Surface Stock received during their refurbishment between 1993&ndash;98 When [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]] took over the franchise in 2017, the trains received a fresh coat of paint, and currently bear its logo, along with 'Island Line' written on the side. ===Replacement=== As the Class 483s continue to age in the high salinity and humidity of the Isle of Wight's climate, the question as to what will replace them has frequently been speculated on, with potential replacements including [[1973 tube stock]], [[tram]]s, and purpose-built battery or [[flywheel]]-powered trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=Self-powered train could replace old Island Line locomotives |url=http://www.iwcp.co.uk/news/16105521.Self-powered_train_could_replace_old_Island_Line_locomotives/}}</ref> In July 2018 ''[[Rail Magazine]]'' reported on speculation that the Class 483's may be replaced by the [[Vivarail]] [[Class 230]], however their ability to fit into the confines of Ryde Tunnel is disputed.<ref>Rail Magazine July 4 - July 17 2018 Page 16</ref>Any new trains bound for the Isle of Wight must fulfil two unique requirements as a result of features on the line; they must be able to fit through Ryde Tunnel, as the raised trackbed there prevents normal height stock from passing through, and they must be able to stop at the curved platforms of [[Ryde Esplanade railway station]] without fouling the platform.<ref>{{cite news|author=Anon|newspaper=London Reconnections |url=https://www.londonreconnections.com/2018/third-ryde-tube-transfer-troublesome|title=Third Ryde Tube: Transfer Troublesome. |publisher=London Reconnections|date=26 March 2018|accessdate=16 July 2018}}</ref> ==Fleet details== {{overcoloured|section|date=February 2019}} Five of the nine units remain in service, the majority of the others having been taken out of service in the late 1990s. {| class="wikitable" !Key: |In service |style="background-color:#33cc33"|Stored |style="background-color:#CECECE"|Scrapped |- |} {| class="wikitable" !rowspan=2|Unit No. !colspan=4|Vehicle Nos. !colspan=2|Delivered to LPTB !rowspan=2 align=left|Livery !rowspan=2 align=left|Status |- !colspan=2|DMSO(A) !colspan=2|DMSO(B) !DMSO(A) !DMSO(B) |- |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|483001 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center |123 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center class=nowrap |<small>ex-10184</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center |221 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center class=nowrap |<small>ex-11142</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |19 Aug 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |27 Feb 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |style="background-color:#CECECE"|NSE |style="background-color:#CECECE"|Scrapped at Ryde St Johns Road, June 2006. |- |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|483002 |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|122 |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|<small>ex-10221</small> |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|225 |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|<small>ex-11221</small> |style="background-color:#33cc33" class=nowrap |13 Nov 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |style="background-color:#33cc33" class=nowrap |13 Nov 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |style="background-color:#33cc33" class=nowrap |London Transport Red |style="background-color:#33cc33" |Stored at Ryde St Johns Road since 2008, being stripped for spare parts.<ref>{{cite news|author=Anon|newspaper=London Reconnections |url=https://www.londonreconnections.com/2018/third-ryde-tube-transfer-troublesome|title=Third Ryde Tube: Transfer Troublesome. |publisher=London Reconnections|date=26 March 2018|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref> |- |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|483003 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|121 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|<small>ex-10116</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|223 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|<small>ex-11184</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |10 Jan 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |19 Aug 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |style="background-color:#CECECE"|NSE |style="background-color:#CECECE"|This unit was stored in a siding near Ryde St. Johns Road for spare parts and was broken up in April 2000 |- |align=center|483004 |align=center|124 |align=center|<small>ex-10205</small> |align=center|224 |align=center|<small>ex-11205</small> |class=nowrap |10 Oct 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |class=nowrap |10 Oct 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |class=nowrap |London Transport Red |In service. |- |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|483005 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|125 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|<small>ex-10142</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|222 |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|<small>ex-11116</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |27 Feb 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |10 Jan 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=79}} |style="background-color:#CECECE"|NSE |style="background-color:#CECECE"|Scrapped at Ryde in April 2000 |- |align=center|483006 |align=center|126 |align=center|<small>ex-10297</small> |align=center|226 |align=center|<small>ex-11297</small> |class=nowrap |1 July 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=79}} |class=nowrap |1 July 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |class=nowrap |London Transport Red |In service. |- |align=center|483007 |align=center|127 |align=center|<small>ex-10291</small> |align=center|227 |align=center|<small>ex-11291</small> |class=nowrap |17 Jun 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=79}} |class=nowrap |17 Jun 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |class=nowrap |London Transport Red |Currently in final stages of refurbishment as of 25/10/18 |- |align=center|483008 |align=center|128 |align=center|<small>ex-10255</small> |align=center|228 |align=center|<small>ex-11255</small> |class=nowrap |26 Feb 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |class=nowrap |26 Feb 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |class=nowrap |London Transport Red |In service. |- |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|483009 |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|129 |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|<small>ex-10289</small> |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|229 |style="background-color:#33cc33" align=center|<small>ex-11289</small> |style="background-color:#33cc33" class=nowrap |10 Jun 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=79}} |style="background-color:#33cc33" class=nowrap |10 Jun 1940{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |style="background-color:#33cc33" class=nowrap |London Transport Red |style="background-color:#33cc33"|Stored at Ryde St Johns Road, being stripped for spare parts.<ref>{{cite news|author=Anon|newspaper=Railway Magazine |title=DfT decision on Island Line future deferred for three months.|publisher=[[Railway Magazine]]|date=February 2019}}</ref> |- |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|(483010) |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|- |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|<small>ex-10139</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|- |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=center|<small>ex-11172</small> |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |20 Feb 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=78}} |style="background-color:#CECECE" class=nowrap |13 Jul 1939{{sfn|Hardy|2001|p=80}} |style="background-color:#CECECE" align=left|Blue undercoat |style="background-color:#CECECE"| Most of 483010 was gutted out at Ryde St Johns Road for spares in 2001. The unit has since been scrapped. |} {{Portal|UK Railways}} ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:483008 Ryde Pier Head.JPG|Island Line No. 008 arrives at [[Ryde Pier Head railway station|Ryde Pier Head]], wearing the currently used livery based on that of London Transport. Image:483002 483007 Ryde Electric Depot.JPG|Island Line Class 483 EMUs No. 002 and 007 at Ryde Electric Depot. File:483 001 at St John's Road, 1989 - geograph.org.uk - 790855.jpg|Class 483 unit No. 001 on display at Ryde depot in 1989, shortly after transfer to the Isle of Wight. It carries British Rail's [[Network SouthEast]] livery. File:Island Line train - geograph.org.uk - 836245.jpg|Dinosaur liveried 483006 at work with Island Line in June 2008. Image:483007 Departing Smallbrook Junction.jpg|Island Line Class 483 No. 007 departs [[Smallbrook Junction railway station|Smallbrook Junction]], with a service bound for Ryde Pier Head. Image:483008 Arrives Shanklin.jpg|Island Line Class 483 No. 008 arrives at [[Shanklin railway station|Shanklin]]. </gallery> == Footnotes == {{reflist|2}} == References == *{{cite book |last=Hardy |first=Brian |title=Underground Train File: Tube Stock 1933-1959 |year=2001 |publisher=Capital Transport |location=Harrow Weald |isbn=1-85414-235-6 |ref=harv }} *{{cite book |first=Brian |last=Hardy |title=Tube Trains on the Isle of Wight |publisher=Capital Transport |year=2003 |location=Harrow Weald, Middlesex |isbn=978-1-85414-276-4 |ref=harv}} ==Further reading== *{{cite magazine|title=Island Line cuts 'tube' fleet to just six two-car units|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|RAIL]]|issue=326|publisher=EMAP Apex Publications|date=11–24 March 1998|p=13|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}} ==External links== {{Commons category|British Rail Class 483}} * [https://www.southwesternrailway.com/destinations-and-offers/island-line Official website of the operator of Class 483 EMUs] {{Island Line Navbox}} {{British Rail EMU}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}} [[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|483]]'