Examine individual changes

'{{short description|American singer, songwriter, and actress}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{featured article}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}} {{Use American English|date=February 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = Lady Gaga | image = Lady Gaga interview 2016.jpg | alt = A picture of smiling Lady Gaga, as she is looking away from the camera. | caption = Lady Gaga during an interview for [[NFL Network]] in 2016 | birth_name = Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|3|28}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|New York City, New York, U.S.}}<!--As per WP:LINKDIRECT and Template:infobox person, birth/death place indicates CITY, state, then country. No need to spell out "United States; 'U.S.' is fine.--> | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga|Full list]] | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|actress|record producer}} | years_active = 2001–present | net_worth = US $275 million<br>(February 2016 estimate)<!--Cited within "Public image" section--> | partner = <!--the partner parameter is for unmarried life partners - not boyfriends or fiancés--> | website = {{URL|https://ladygaga.com/}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|piano}}<!---Only list those primarily known for using, per [[Template:Infobox_musical_artist/doc#instrument]]. If you think any other instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first ---> | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[Dance music|dance]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}<!--sourced under #Musical style. Per multiple previous talk page discussions, jazz should NOT be added when Gaga has only released one jazz album, and should only be added in the future if she releases more jazz material--> | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Lady Starlight]]|[[Tony Bennett]]}}<!--before adding please see [[Template:Infobox musical artist/doc#associated acts]] for appropriate additions--> | label = {{hlist|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]|[[Martin Kierszenbaum|Cherrytree]]|[[KonLive Distribution|KonLive]]|Streamline|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]}}<!--in chronological order: dropped from Def Jam, left Cherrytree, then KonLive; currently signed with Streamline/Interscope--> }} }} '''Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|ɛ|f|ən|i|_|ˌ|dʒ|ɜːr|m|ə|ˈ|n|ɒ|t|ə}} {{respell|STEF|ən|ee|_|JUR|mə|NOT|ə}}}} (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as '''Lady Gaga''', is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She is known for her unconventionality, provocative work, and visual experimentation. She began performing as a teenager, singing at [[open mic]] nights and acting in school plays. She studied at [[Collaborative Arts Project 21 (CAP21)|Collaborative Arts Project 21]], through [[New York University]]'s [[Tisch School of the Arts]], before dropping out to pursue a music career. When [[Def Jam Recordings]] canceled her contract, she worked as a songwriter for [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing]], where [[Akon]] helped her sign a joint deal with [[Interscope Records]] and his own label [[KonLive Distribution]] in 2007. She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, the [[electropop]] record ''[[The Fame]]'', and its chart-topping singles "[[Just Dance (song)|Just Dance]]" and "[[Poker Face (Lady Gaga song)|Poker Face]]". A follow-up EP, ''[[The Fame Monster]]'' (2009), featuring the singles "[[Bad Romance]]", "[[Telephone (song)|Telephone]]" and "[[Alejandro (song)|Alejandro]]", was also successful. Gaga's second full-length album, ''[[Born This Way (album)|Born This Way]]'' (2011), explored [[electronic rock]] and [[techno-pop]]. It peaked atop the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and [[Lists of fastest-selling albums|sold more than one million copies]] in the country in its first week. Its [[Born This Way (song)|title track]] became the fastest selling song on the [[iTunes Store]] with over a million downloads in less than a week. Gaga experimented with [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] on her third studio album, ''[[Artpop]]'' (2013), which reached number one in the US and included the single "[[Applause (Lady Gaga song)|Applause]]". Her collaborative jazz album with [[Tony Bennett]], ''[[Cheek to Cheek (album)|Cheek to Cheek]]'' (2014), and her [[soft rock]]-influenced fifth studio album, ''[[Joanne (album)|Joanne]]'' (2016), also topped the US charts. During this period, Gaga ventured into acting, playing leading roles in the miniseries ''[[American Horror Story: Hotel]]'' (2015–2016), for which she received a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film|Golden Globe Award for Best Actress]], and the critically acclaimed musical drama ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' (2018), for which she was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]. She also contributed to the latter's [[A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)|soundtrack]], which received a [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music]] and made her the only woman to achieve five US number one albums in the 2010s. Its lead single, "[[Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)|Shallow]]", topped the US charts and earned Gaga the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]]. Having sold 27 million albums and 146 million singles as of January 2016, Gaga is one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling music artists]] in history. Her [[List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga|achievements]] include several [[Guinness world records]], nine [[Grammy Awards]], an [[Academy Award]], a [[BAFTA Award]], two [[Golden Globe Awards]], and an award from the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]] and the [[Council of Fashion Designers of America]]. She has been declared ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'}}s Artist of the Year and included among ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}}s power and earnings rankings. She was ranked number four on [[VH1]]'s [[The Greatest (TV series)|Greatest Women in Music]] in 2012 and second on ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s 2011 readers' poll of the most influential people of the past ten years, and was named [[Billboard Women in Music|''Billboard''{{'}}s Woman of the Year]] in 2015. She is known for her philanthropy and social activism, including her work related to [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]], and for her nonprofit organization, the [[Born This Way Foundation]], which focuses on empowering youth and preventing bullying. ==Life and career== ===1986–2005: Early life=== Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986 at [[Lenox Hill Hospital]] in [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]],<ref>Birth details: *{{cite magazine|title=Artists: Lady Gaga|magazine=[[NME]]|url=http://www.nme.com/artists/lady-gaga|accessdate=September 19, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001023358/http://www.nme.com/artists/lady-gaga|archivedate=October 1, 2017}} *{{cite magazine|last1=Spedding|first1=Emma|title=It's Lady Gaga's 27th Birthday! We Celebrate With Her 10 Style Highlights Of The Year|url=http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/its-lady-gagas-27th-birthday-we-celebrate-with-her-10-crazy-style-highlights-of-the-year|magazine=[[Grazia]]|deadurl=yes|archivedate=April 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402055054/http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/its-lady-gagas-27th-birthday-we-celebrate-with-her-10-crazy-style-highlights-of-the-year|date=March 28, 2013}}</ref> to a Catholic family. Her parents both have Italian ancestry; she also has more distant French-Canadian roots.<ref>Family background details: *{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/02/05/the-gospel-according-to-lady-gaga/|title=The provocative faith of Lady Gaga|last=Graves-Fitzsimmons|first=Guthrie|date=February 5, 2017|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=October 27, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206165201/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/02/05/the-gospel-according-to-lady-gaga/|archivedate=February 6, 2017}} *{{cite news|last=Pierce|first=Kathleen|title=Just call him pop culture's sleuth|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2011/05/14/just_call_chris_child_pop_cultures_genealogy_sleuth/|accessdate=April 23, 2014|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 14, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162415/http://archive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2011/05/14/just_call_chris_child_pop_cultures_genealogy_sleuth/|archivedate=January 16, 2017}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1677929/lady-gaga-dad-italian-restaurant/|title=Lady Gaga Opens Italian Restaurant With Her Dad|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=January 26, 2012|publisher=[[MTV News]] |access-date=October 29, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174636/http://www.mtv.com/news/1677929/lady-gaga-dad-italian-restaurant/|archivedate=October 29, 2017}} *{{cite magazine|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a10701/lady-gaga-386961/|title=Lady Gaga|magazine=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|date=December 1, 2009|accessdate=December 3, 2018}}</ref> Her parents are Cynthia Louise ({{née|Bissett}}) and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta,<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga's Universe: Mom Cynthia Germanotta|date=May 25, 2011|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/lady-gagas-universe-20110524/mom-cynthia-germanotta-0501272|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=March 25, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425033944/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/lady-gagas-universe-20110524/mom-cynthia-germanotta-0501272|archivedate=April 25, 2014}}</ref> and she has a younger sister, Natali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.com/style/lady-gagas-little-sister-i-support-the-spectacle/|title=Lady Gaga's Little Sister: I Support the Spectacle|date=September 20, 2011|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|accessdate=June 6, 2016|first=Justine|last=Harman|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123090525/http://people.com/style/lady-gagas-little-sister-i-support-the-spectacle/|archivedate=November 23, 2016}}</ref> Brought up in the [[Upper West Side]] of Manhattan, Gaga says that her parents came from lower-class families and worked hard for everything.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reszutek|first1=Dana|title=Uptown to downtown, see Lady Gaga's New York|url=https://www.amny.com/entertainment/celebrities/lady-gaga-s-nyc-from-the-upper-west-side-to-lower-manhattan-places-the-singer-s-called-home-1.13048216|accessdate=October 27, 2017|work=[[AM New York]]|date=March 28, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028042255/https://www.amny.com/entertainment/celebrities/lady-gaga-s-nyc-from-the-upper-west-side-to-lower-manhattan-places-the-singer-s-called-home-1.13048216|archivedate=October 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="TimesOnlineDec09">{{cite news|last1=Barber|first1=Lynn|title=Shady lady: The truth about pop's Lady Gaga|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shady-lady-the-truth-about-pops-lady-gaga-zkhnvrfqgxd|accessdate=October 27, 2017|work=[[The Times]]|date=December 6, 2009|subscription=yes}}</ref> From age 11, she attended the [[Convent of the Sacred Heart (New York City)|Convent of the Sacred Heart]], a private all-girls Roman Catholic school.<ref name="independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/lady-gaga-how-the-world-went-crazy-for-the-new-queen-of-pop-1684375.html|title=Lady Gaga: How the world went crazy for the new queen of pop|last=Sturges|first=Fiona|date=May 16, 2009|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=May 26, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519184554/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/lady-gaga-how-the-world-went-crazy-for-the-new-queen-of-pop-1684375.html|archivedate=May 19, 2009}}</ref> Gaga described her high school self as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure". She considered herself a misfit and was mocked for "being either too provocative or too eccentric".{{sfn|Tracy|2013|page=202}} Gaga began playing the piano at age four when her mother insisted she become "a cultured young woman". She took piano lessons and practiced through her childhood. The lessons taught her to create music by ear, which she preferred over reading sheet music. Her parents encouraged her to pursue music, and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp.{{sfn|Johnson|2012|p=20}} As a teenager, she played at [[open mic]] nights.{{sfn|Johnson|2012|p=26}} Gaga played the lead roles of Adelaide in ''[[Guys and Dolls]]'' and Philia in ''[[A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum]]'' at a [[Regis High School (New York City)|nearby boys' high school]].<ref name="growingupgaga">{{cite magazine|first=Vanessa|last=Grigoriadis|authorlink=Vanessa Grigoriadis|title=Growing Up Gaga|date=March 28, 2010|url=http://nymag.com/arts/popmusic/features/65127|magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|accessdate=March 29, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401055337/http://nymag.com/arts/popmusic/features/65127/|archivedate=April 1, 2010}}</ref> She also studied [[method acting]] at the [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]] for ten years.<ref name=leestrasburgalumna>{{cite web|last1=Manelis|first1=Michele|title=LSTFI Alum Lady Gaga taps into The Lee Strasberg Method|url=http://newyork.methodactingstrasberg.com/blog/lstfi-alumna-lady-gaga-taps-into-the-lee-strasberg-method/|publisher=[[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]]|accessdate=January 7, 2016|date=October 12, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127031815/http://newyork.methodactingstrasberg.com/blog/lstfi-alumna-lady-gaga-taps-into-the-lee-strasberg-method/|archivedate=January 27, 2016}}</ref> Gaga unsuccessfully auditioned for New York shows, though she did appear in a small role as a high school student in a 2001 episode of ''[[The Sopranos]]'' titled "[[The Telltale Moozadell]]".{{sfn|Morgan|2010|page=27}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga fans discover her pre-fame 'Sopranos' cameo|url=http://ew.com/article/2010/10/11/lady-gaga-sopranos-cameo/|date=October 11, 2010|accessdate=November 22, 2017|first=Christian|last=Blauvelt|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108115908/http://www.ew.com/article/2010/10/11/lady-gaga-sopranos-cameo|archivedate=November 8, 2015}}</ref> She later said of her inclination towards music: {{quote|I don't know exactly where my affinity for music comes from, but it is the thing that comes easiest to me. When I was like three years old, I may have been even younger, my mom always tells this really embarrassing story of me propping myself up and playing the keys like this because I was too young and short to get all the way up there. Just go like this on the low end of the piano&nbsp;... I was really, really good at piano, so my first instincts were to work so hard at practicing piano, and I might not have been a natural dancer, but I am a natural musician. That is the thing that I believe I am the greatest at.<ref>{{cite interview|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2298178/lady-gaga-inside-the-outside-mtv-documentary-video/|interviewer=Davi Russo|title=Lady Gaga: Inside the Outside|publisher=MTV|date=May 26, 2011|access-date=August 27, 2017|location=New York|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328020244/http://www.mtv.com/news/2298178/lady-gaga-inside-the-outside-mtv-documentary-video/|archivedate=March 28, 2017}}</ref>}} In 2003, at age 17, Gaga gained early admission to [[Collaborative Arts Project 21]], a music school at [[New York University]] (NYU)'s [[Tisch School of the Arts]], and lived in an [[New York University residence halls|NYU dorm]]. She studied music there, and improved her songwriting skills by writing essays on art, religion, social issues and politics, including a thesis on pop artists [[Spencer Tunick]] and [[Damien Hirst]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/news/article/0,,4931544,00.html|title=Interview: Lady GaGa|accessdate=August 7, 2017|last=Florino|first=Rick|date=January 30, 2009|work=[[Artistdirect]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701004308/http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/news/article/0,,4931544,00.html|archivedate=July 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Bio|url=https://www.ladygaga.com/bio/|publisher=ladygaga.com|accessdate=August 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606021357/https://www.ladygaga.com/bio/|archivedate=June 6, 2010}}</ref> She withdrew from school during the second semester of her sophomore year, in 2005, to focus on her music career.<ref name="mtv 55">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1589013/lady-gaga-brings-her-artistic-vision-of-pop-music-to-new-album-and-a-new-kids-song/|title=Lady GaGa Brings Her Artistic Vision Of Pop Music To New Album|last=Harris|first=Chris|date=June 9, 2008|accessdate=May 7, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911144011/http://www.mtv.com/news/1589013/lady-gaga-brings-her-artistic-vision-of-pop-music-to-new-album-and-a-new-kids-song/|archivedate=September 11, 2014|deadurl=no|publisher=MTV News}}</ref> That year she also played an unsuspecting diner customer for [[MTV]]'s ''[[Boiling Points]]'', a prank reality television show.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kos|first1=Saimon|title='Boiling Points' Actress And Producer Talk About Pulling Prank On Not-Yet-Famous Lady Gaga|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2576862/lady-gaga-boiling-points/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=October 27, 2017|date=August 10, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027232659/http://www.mtv.com/news/2576862/lady-gaga-boiling-points/|archivedate=October 27, 2017}}</ref> In 2014, Gaga said she had been raped at 19, for which she underwent mental and physical therapy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bakare|first1=Larney|title=Lady Gaga reveals she was raped at 19|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/dec/02/lady-gaga-reveals-she-was-raped|accessdate=December 19, 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 2, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219013644/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/dec/02/lady-gaga-reveals-she-was-raped|archivedate=December 19, 2014}}</ref> She has [[posttraumatic stress disorder]] that she attributes to the incident, and says that support from doctors, family and friends has helped her.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga says she has PTSD after being raped at 19|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38218247|accessdate=December 10, 2016|publisher=BBC News|date=December 5, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208152031/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38218247|archivedate=December 8, 2016}}</ref> ===2005–2007: Career beginnings=== In 2005, Gaga recorded two songs with hip-hop singer [[Melle Mel|Grandmaster Melle Mel]] for an [[audio book]] accompanying Cricket Casey's children's novel ''The Portal in the Park''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/blogs/lady-gaga-did-a-childrens-book-in-2007-6374841|title=Lady Gaga Did a Children's Book In 2007!|date=January 19, 2010|work=[[The Village Voice]]|last=Musto|first=Michael|accessdate=January 19, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105150228/http://www.villagevoice.com/blogs/lady-gaga-did-a-childrens-book-in-2007-6374841|archivedate=November 5, 2015}}</ref> She also formed a band called the SGBand with some friends from NYU.<ref name="growingupgaga"/>{{sfn|Morgan|2010|page=31}} They played gigs around New York and became a fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene.<ref name="growingupgaga"/> After the 2006 [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]] New Songwriters Showcase at [[The Cutting Room]] in June, talent scout Wendy Starland recommended her to music producer [[Rob Fusari]].<ref name=Fusari1>{{cite news|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1634292/lady-gaga-rob-fusari-lawsuit-a-closer-look/|title=Lady Gaga/ Rob Fusari Lawsuit: A Closer Look|publisher=MTV News|date=March 19, 2010|accessdate=October 8, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003020556/http://www.mtv.com/news/1634292/lady-gaga-rob-fusari-lawsuit-a-closer-look/|archivedate=October 3, 2014}}</ref> Fusari collaborated with Gaga, who traveled daily to New Jersey, helping to develop her songs and compose new material.{{sfn|Morgan|2010|page=36}} The producer said they began dating in May 2006, and claimed to have been the first person to call her "Lady Gaga", which was derived from [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s song "[[Radio Ga Ga]]".<ref name=Fusari2>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/958922/lady-gaga-sued-by-producer-rob-fusari|title=Lady Gaga Sued By Producer Rob Fusari|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=October 8, 2013|date=March 18, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915020236/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/958922/lady-gaga-sued-by-producer-rob-fusari|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> Their relationship lasted until January 2007.<ref name="rsannual">{{cite magazine|last=Hiatt|first=Brian|date=May 30, 2009|title=The Rise of Lady Gaga|magazine=Rolling Stone|location=New York|volume=1080|issue=43|issn=0035-791X}}</ref> [[File:Lady Gaga and Lady Starlight at Lollapalooza 2007 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Two scantily-clad young women singing on a stage. The one on the left wears sunglasses and a yellow bikini. The one on the right has a microphone and black stockings. |Gaga (right) performing with [[Lady Starlight]] at [[Lollapalooza]] 2007]] Fusari and Gaga established a company called Team Lovechild, [[Limited liability company|LLC]] to promote her career.<ref name="Fusari2"/> They recorded and produced [[electropop]] tracks, sending them to music industry executives. Joshua Sarubin, the head of [[Artists and repertoire]] (A&R) at [[Def Jam Recordings]], responded positively and, after approval from Sarubin's boss [[L.A. Reid|Antonio "L.A." Reid]], Gaga was signed to Def Jam in September 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/lady-gaga-new-ep|title=Lady Gaga unleashes an electro-pop 'Monster'|last=Resende|first=Sasha|date=December 9, 2009|accessdate=June 27, 2014|work=[[The Michigan Daily]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024034658/http://www.michigandaily.com/content/lady-gaga-new-ep|archivedate=October 24, 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|Morgan|2010|page=45}} She was dropped from the label three months later<ref name="Allmusic bio">{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=lady-gaga-p1055684 |pure_url=yes}} |title=Lady Gaga |last=Birchmeier |first=Jason |date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |accessdate=January 3, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021072619/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lady-gaga-p1055684 |archivedate=October 21, 2010 }}</ref> and returned to her family home for Christmas. She began performing at&nbsp;[[neo-burlesque]]&nbsp;shows, which according to her represented freedom.<ref name='always-famous'>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga: 'I've always been famous, you just didn't know it'|date=February 16, 2010|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/7221051/Lady-Gaga-Ive-always-been-famous-you-just-didnt-know-it.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Carlton|first=Andrew|accessdate=February 9, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131220615/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/7221051/Lady-Gaga-Ive-always-been-famous-you-just-didnt-know-it.html|archivedate=January 31, 2011}}</ref> During this time, she met [[performance art]]ist [[Lady Starlight]], who helped mold her onstage persona.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Montgomery|first1=James|title=Lady Gaga's 'Inside The Outside': Meet The 'Perpetual Underdog'|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1664600/lady-gaga-inside-the-outside-show-preview/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=October 29, 2017|date=May 25, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174614/http://www.mtv.com/news/1664600/lady-gaga-inside-the-outside-show-preview/|archivedate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> The pair began performing at downtown club venues like the [[Mercury Lounge]], [[The Bitter End]], and the [[Rockwood Music Hall]]. Their live performance art piece, known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue" and billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", was a tribute to 1970s variety acts.<ref name="seattleweekly">{{cite news|url=http://www.seattleweekly.com/2008-11-19/music/lady-gaga-some-like-it-pop/|title=Lady GaGa: Some Like it Pop|last=Hobart|first=Erika|date=November 18, 2008|work=[[Seattle Weekly]]|accessdate=January 10, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109192648/http://www.seattleweekly.com/2008-11-19/music/lady-gaga-some-like-it-pop|archivedate=January 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/535267|title=Lady Gaga|date=July 9, 2007|publisher=[[Broadcast Music Incorporated]]|accessdate=February 26, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226031456/http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/535267|archivedate=February 26, 2009}}</ref> They performed at the 2007 [[Lollapalooza]] music festival.<ref name="seattleweekly"/> Having initially focused on [[avant-garde]] [[electronic dance music]], Gaga began to incorporate pop melodies and the [[glam rock]] style of [[David Bowie]] and Queen into her songs. While Gaga and Starlight were performing, Fusari continued to develop the songs he had created with her, sending them to the producer and [[music executive|record executive]] [[Vincent Herbert]].<ref name="trans26">{{cite video|title=Transmission Gaga-vision: Episode 26|date=December 16, 2008|publisher=Lady Gaga|people=Haus of GaGa}}</ref> In November 2007, Herbert signed Gaga to his label Streamline Records, an [[Trade name|imprint]] of Interscope Records, established that month.<ref name="newimprent">{{cite magazine|last=Mitchell|first=Gail|date=November 10, 2007|title=Interscope's New Imprint|magazine=Billboard|volume=119|issue=45|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xw4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA14|accessdate=May 6, 2010|issn=0006-2510}}</ref> Gaga later credited Herbert as the man who discovered her.<ref name="vincentdiscover">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20171025/entlife/310259876|title=Singer Tamar Braxton files for divorce from husband-manager|date=October 25, 2017|accessdate=November 9, 2017|newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]]|location=Arlington|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134917/http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20171025/entlife/310259876|archivedate=November 9, 2017}}</ref> Having served as an apprentice songwriter during an internship at [[Famous Music|Famous Music Publishing]], Gaga struck a [[music publisher (popular music)|music publishing]] deal with Sony/ATV. As a result, she was hired to write songs for [[Britney Spears]], [[New Kids on the Block]], [[Fergie (singer)|Fergie]], and [[The Pussycat Dolls]].<ref name="bbcover">{{cite magazine|last=Harding|first=Cortney|date=August 15, 2009|title=Lady Gaga: The Billboard Cover Story|magazine=Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267810/lady-gaga-the-billboard-cover-story|accessdate=May 6, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309235202/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267810/lady-gaga-the-billboard-cover-story|archivedate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> At Interscope, musician [[Akon]] was impressed with her singing abilities when she sang a [[scratch vocal|reference vocal]] for one of his tracks in studio.<ref name="totallygaga">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/lady-gaga-totally-ga-ga-1-754666|title=Lady GaGa: Totally Ga-Ga|accessdate=February 20, 2009|last=Cowing|first=Emma|date=January 20, 2009|work=[[The Scotsman]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208100547/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/lady-gaga-totally-ga-ga-1-754666|archivedate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> Akon convinced [[Jimmy Iovine]], chairman and CEO of [[Interscope Geffen A&M]], to form a joint deal by having Gaga also sign with his own label [[KonLive Distribution|KonLive]], making her his "franchise player".<ref name="Allmusic bio" /><ref name="franchise">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1613350/akon-calls-lady-gaga-his-franchise-player/|title=Akon Calls Lady Gaga His 'Franchise Player'|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|date=June 5, 2009|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=June 20, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204001522/http://www.mtv.com/news/1613350/akon-calls-lady-gaga-his-franchise-player/|archivedate=February 4, 2015}}</ref> In late 2007, Gaga met with songwriter and producer [[RedOne]].<ref name="hitquarters.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_RedOne_Interview.html|title=Interview With RedOne|date=March 23, 2009|publisher=[[HitQuarters]]|accessdate=December 19, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113171226/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_RedOne_Interview.html|archivedate=January 13, 2010}}</ref> She collaborated with him in the recording studio for a week on her debut album, signing with [[Cherrytree Records]], an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter [[Martin Kierszenbaum]]; she also wrote four songs with Kierszenbaum.<ref name="bbcover" /> Despite securing a record deal, she said that some radio stations found her music too "racy", "dance-oriented", and "underground" for the mainstream market. She stated: "My name is Lady Gaga, I've been on the music scene for years, and I'm telling you, this is what's next."<ref name="independent"/> ===2008–2010: Breakthrough with ''The Fame'' and ''The Fame Monster''=== By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album, ''[[The Fame]]'', and to set up her own creative team called the [[Haus of Gaga]], modeled on [[Andy Warhol]]'s [[The Factory|Factory]].<ref name="Contactmusic.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/lady-gaga|title=Lady Gaga Biography|publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]]|accessdate=February 20, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214150902/http://www.contactmusic.com/lady-gaga|archivedate=February 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Inspiration|url=http://www.haus-of-gaga.com/inspiration|publisher=[[Haus of Gaga]]|accessdate=October 27, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028042600/http://www.haus-of-gaga.com/inspiration|archivedate=October 28, 2017}}</ref> ''The Fame'' was released on August 19, 2008,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga – The Fame|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-fame/id1059034178|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|accessdate=August 21, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908043311/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-fame/id1059034178|archivedate=September 8, 2017}}</ref> reached number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK, and the top five in Australia and the US.<ref>{{cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629212048/http://jam.canoe.com/Music/Artists/L/Lady_GaGa/2009/01/14/8022056-jam.html|archivedate=June 29, 2015|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/L/Lady_GaGa/2009/01/14/8022056-jam.html|title=Lady GaGa's 'Fame' rises to No. 1|work=[[Jam!]]|first=John|last=Williams|deadurl=yes|date=January 14, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://acharts.co/album/37558|title=Lady Gaga – The Fame – World Charts|publisher=aCharts.co|accessdate=January 8, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105144554/http://acharts.co/album/37558|archivedate=November 5, 2015}}</ref> Its first two singles, "[[Just Dance (song)|Just Dance]]" and "[[Poker Face (Lady Gaga song)|Poker Face]]",{{sfn|Gray II|2012|p=3}} reached number one in the United States,<ref name="USsongpeaks"/> Australia,<ref name=Australia>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lady+GaGa|title=Discography Lady GaGa|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=November 18, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66tVexFYl?url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lady+GaGa|archivedate=April 13, 2012}}</ref> Canada<ref name=Canada>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/Lady-Gaga/chart-history/canadian-hot-100|title=Lady Gaga Chart History: Billboard Canadian Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=November 18, 2017}}</ref> and the UK.<ref name="ukchart"/> The latter was also the [[List of best-selling singles#Best-selling single by year worldwide|world's best-selling single]] of 2009, with 9.8 million copies sold that year, and spent a record 83 weeks on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine's [[Digital Songs]] chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2010.pdf|title=Digital Music Sales Around The World|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|page=10|accessdate=August 4, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66RemjMkU?url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2010.pdf|archivedate=March 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Most weeks on US Hot Digital Songs chart|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/track-with-most-weeks-on-the-us-hot-digital-songs-chart|website=Guinness World Records|accessdate=May 25, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132426/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/track-with-most-weeks-on-the-us-hot-digital-songs-chart|archivedate=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Three other singles, "[[Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)]]", "[[LoveGame]]" and "[[Paparazzi (Lady Gaga song)|Paparazzi]]", were released from the album;<ref>Single releases from ''The Fame'': *{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Eh-Nothing-Else-Can-Say/dp/B001PPLLDY|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=November 17, 2017|title=Eh Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say) Single|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119070403/https://www.amazon.in/Eh-Nothing-Else-Can-Say/dp/B001PPLLDY|archivedate=November 19, 2017}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/photos/music-photos/fans-super-seven/lady-gaga-1/|title=No 7: Love Game|accessdate=November 17, 2017|publisher=Capital FM|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119070403/http://www.capitalfm.com/photos/music-photos/fans-super-seven/lady-gaga-1/|archivedate=November 19, 2017}} *{{cite magazine|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/news/a20208/lady-gaga-best-live-performances/|magazine=Harper's Bazaar|title=Lady Gaga's 10 Most Amazing Live Performances|first=Morgan|last=Evans|date=January 31, 2017|accessdate=November 17, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203212846/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/news/a20208/lady-gaga-best-live-performances/|archivedate=February 3, 2017}}</ref> the last one reached number one in Germany.<ref name="Germany">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Lady+Gaga/14039/single|title=Chartverfolgung / Lady Gaga / Single|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment]]|language=German|accessdate=March 18, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102170723/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Lady%2BGaga/14039/single|archivedate=November 2, 2013}}</ref> Remixed versions of the singles from ''The Fame'', except "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)", were included on ''[[Hitmixes]]'' in August 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hit Mixes – Lady Gaga|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/hit-mixes-mw0000825184|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=November 7, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107222336/https://www.allmusic.com/album/hit-mixes-mw0000825184|archivedate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> At the [[52nd Annual Grammy Awards]], ''The Fame'' and "Poker Face" won [[Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronica Album|Best Dance/Electronica Album]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording|Best Dance Recording]], respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/31/grammys.winner.list/index.html|title=List of Grammy winners|publisher=CNN|date=February 1, 2010|accessdate=April 25, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419055243/http://www.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/31/grammys.winner.list/index.html|archivedate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> [[File:Lady Gaga Glitter and Grease2.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=A young woman on stage. She wears a bright yellow wig, a purple shiny jacket with shoulder pads, and matching purple sunglasses with a leotard and stockings.|Gaga performing on [[The Monster Ball Tour]] in 2010. Grossing $227 million, it became the [[List of highest-grossing concert tours|highest-grossing concert tour]] for a debut headlining artist.<ref name="guardian"/>]] Following her opening act on [[The Pussycat Dolls]]' 2009 [[Doll Domination Tour]] in Europe and Oceania, Gaga headlined her worldwide [[The Fame Ball Tour]], which ran from March to September 2009.{{sfn|Morgan|2010|p=131}} While traveling the globe, she wrote eight songs for ''[[The Fame Monster]]'', a reissue of ''The Fame''.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lady-gaga-returns-with-8-new-songs-on-the-fame-monster-63780227.html|title=Lady Gaga Returns With 8 New Songs on 'The Fame Monster'|date=October 8, 2009|agency=[[PR Newswire]]|accessdate=October 9, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011005910/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lady-gaga-returns-with-8-new-songs-on-the-fame-monster-63780227.html|archivedate=October 11, 2009}}</ref> Those new songs were also released as a standalone [[Extended play|EP]] on November 18, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/lady-gaga-the-fame-monster|work=Slant Magazine|title=Lady Gaga The Fame Monster|date=November 18, 2009|accessdate=October 29, 2017|first=Sal|last=Cinquemani|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009050132/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/lady-gaga-the-fame-monster|archivedate=October 9, 2017}}</ref> Its first single, "[[Bad Romance]]", was released one month earlier<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axs.com/news/lady-gaga-becomes-first-woman-to-earn-digital-diamond-award-for-bad-ro-10969|publisher=AXS|date=May 16, 2014|accessdate=October 29, 2017|first=Lucas|last=Villa|title=Lady Gaga becomes first woman to earn Digital Diamond Award for 'Bad Romance'|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003236/https://www.axs.com/news/lady-gaga-becomes-first-woman-to-earn-digital-diamond-award-for-bad-ro-10969|archivedate=October 30, 2017}}</ref> and went number one in Canada<ref name=Canada/> and the UK,<ref name="ukchart"/> and number two in the US,<ref name="USsongpeaks"/> Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Bad+Romance&cat=s|title=Australian-charts.com – Lady Gaga – Bad Romance|accessdate=October 29, 2017|publisher=Hung Medien|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003538/http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Bad+Romance&cat=s|archivedate=October 30, 2017}}</ref> and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Bad+Romance&cat=s|title=Charts.org.nz – Lady Gaga – Bad Romance|accessdate=October 29, 2017|publisher=Hung Medien|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030005104/http://www.charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Bad+Romance&cat=s|archivedate=October 30, 2017}}</ref> "[[Telephone (song)|Telephone]]", with [[Beyoncé]], followed as the second single from the EP and became Gaga's fourth UK number one.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Daw|first1=Robbie|title=Lady Gaga-Beyonce Duet 'Telephone' Set As Next 'Fame Monster' Single|url=https://www.idolator.com/5294222/lady-gagas-beyonce-duet-telephone-set-to-be-the-next-single|publisher=Idolator|date=November 12, 2009|accessdate=November 17, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102231004/http://www.idolator.com/5294222/lady-gagas-beyonce-duet-telephone-set-to-be-the-next-single|archivedate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga tops UK album and single charts|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8579244.stm|work=BBC News|date=March 22, 2010|accessdate=December 13, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819052041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8579244.stm|archivedate=August 19, 2010}}</ref> Its third single was "[[Alejandro (song)|Alejandro]]",<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga releases 'Alejandro' remix album|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/lady-gaga-releases-alejandro-remix-album-5541933.html|accessdate=November 17, 2017|work=The Independent|date=May 19, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119070403/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/lady-gaga-releases-alejandro-remix-album-5541933.html|archivedate=November 19, 2017}}</ref> which reached number one in Finland<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga – Alejandro (song)|url=http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+GaGa&titel=Alejandro&cat=s|archivedate=April 21, 2012|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=November 17, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67674zLZs?url=http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+GaGa}}</ref> and attracted controversy when its music video was deemed [[Blasphemy|blasphemous]] by the [[Catholic League (U.S.)|Catholic League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Mimics Madonna|url=http://www.catholicleague.org/lady-gaga-mimics-madonna/|work=[[Catholic League (U.S.)|Catholic League]]|accessdate=October 27, 2017|date=June 9, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630021632/http://www.catholicleague.org/lady-gaga-mimics-madonna/|archivedate=June 30, 2017}}</ref> Both tracks reached the top five in the US.<ref name="USsongpeaks"/> The video for "Bad Romance" became the [[List of most-viewed YouTube videos|most watched]] on [[YouTube]] in April 2010, and that October, Gaga became the first person with more than one billion combined views.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=O'Neill|first1=Megan|title=Lady Gaga's Bad Romance Is Officially The Most Viewed Video On YouTube Ever|url=http://www.adweek.com/digital/lady-gaga%E2%80%99s-bad-romance-is-officially-the-most-viewed-video-on-youtube-ever/|accessdate=May 14, 2017|magazine=[[Adweek]]|date=April 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/11626592/lady-gaga-beats-justin-bieber-to-youtube-record|title=Lady Gaga beats Justin Bieber to YouTube record|last=Whitworth|first=Dan|date=October 26, 2010|work=BBC News|accessdate=December 28, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105144824/http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/11626592/lady-gaga-beats-justin-bieber-to-youtube-record|archivedate=November 5, 2015}}</ref> At the [[2010 MTV Video Music Awards]], she won eight awards from 13 nominations, including [[MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]] for "Bad Romance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2010/|title=MTV Video Music Awards 2010|publisher=MTV|date=September 12, 2010|accessdate=January 30, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205094153/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2010/|archivedate=February 5, 2015}}</ref> She was the most nominated artist for a single year, and the first female to receive two nominations for Video of the Year at the same ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kaufman|first1=Gil|title=Lady Gaga's 13 VMA Nominations: How Do They Measure Up?|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1644983/lady-gagas-13-vma-nominations-how-do-they-measure-up/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=December 16, 2016|date=August 3, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510064405/http://www.mtv.com/news/1644983/lady-gagas-13-vma-nominations-how-do-they-measure-up/|archivedate=May 10, 2017}}</ref> ''The Fame Monster'' won the [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album]], and "Bad Romance" won [[Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video|Best Short Form Music Video]] at the [[53rd Annual Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/13/53rd-annual-grammy-awards-the-winners-list/|title=53rd annual Grammy awards: The winners list|publisher=CNN|accessdate=July 17, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708172128/http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/13/53rd-annual-grammy-awards-the-winners-list/|archivedate=July 8, 2011}}</ref> In 2009, Gaga spent a record 150 weeks on the [[UK Singles Chart]] and became the most downloaded female act in a year in the US, with 11.1 million downloads sold, earning an entry in the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-cumulative-weeks-on-uk-singles-chart-in-one-year|title=Most cumulative weeks on UK singles chart in one year|work=[[Guinness World Records]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130850/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-cumulative-weeks-on-uk-singles-chart-in-one-year|archivedate=September 24, 2015|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-downloaded-act-in-a-year-(usa)-female/|title=Most downloaded act in a year (USA)&nbsp;– female|work=Guinness World Records|accessdate=May 25, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714204817/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-downloaded-act-in-a-year-%28usa%29-female/|archivedate=July 14, 2017}}</ref> ''The Fame'' and ''The Fame Monster'' together have since sold more than 15 million copies worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asiaone.com/print/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20120227-330396.html|title=Lady Gaga adds second show in Singapore|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=February 27, 2012|accessdate=December 4, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222917/http://www.asiaone.com/print/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20120227-330396.html|archivedate=December 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.thenewstribune.com/getout/2012/09/18/lady-gaga-fills-in-the-details-on-her-tacoma-show/|title=Lady Gaga fills in the details on her Tacoma show|work=[[The News Tribune]]|first=Craig|last=Sailor|date=September 18, 2012|accessdate=December 4, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222958/http://blog.thenewstribune.com/getout/2012/09/18/lady-gaga-fills-in-the-details-on-her-tacoma-show/|archivedate=December 4, 2017}}</ref> This success allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, [[The Monster Ball Tour]], and release ''[[The Remix (Lady Gaga album)|The Remix]]'', her final record with Cherrytree Records<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/29/entertainment/la-et-martin-kierszenbaum-20110629|title=Martin Kierszenbaum has a knack for finding the next big thing|last=Newman|first=Melinda|date=June 29, 2011|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029223357/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/29/entertainment/la-et-martin-kierszenbaum-20110629|archivedate=October 29, 2013|deadurl=no|accessdate=February 13, 2013}}</ref> and [[List of best-selling remix albums|among the best-selling remix albums of all time]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1643274/20100708/lady_gaga.jhtml|title=Lady Gaga Remix Album Due In The U.S. Next Month|last=Ziegbe|first=Mawuse|date=July 8, 2010|accessdate=December 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208061002/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1643274/20100708/lady_gaga.jhtml|archivedate=December 8, 2010|deadurl=no|publisher=MTV News}}</ref><ref name="bbannounceball">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267048/lady-gaga-unveils-monster-ball-tour-dates-the-fame-monster-tracklist|title=Lady Gaga Unveils 'The Monster Ball'|accessdate=October 15, 2009|date=October 15, 2009|last=Herrera|first=Monica|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223023430/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267048/lady-gaga-unveils-monster-ball-tour-dates-the-fame-monster-tracklist|archivedate=February 23, 2016}}</ref> The Monster Ball Tour ran from November 2009 to May 2011 and grossed $227.4 million, making it the [[List of highest-grossing concert tours|highest-grossing concert tour for a debut headlining artist]].<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2009/nov/30/lady-gaga-monster-ball|title=Lady Gaga's Monster Ball, reviewed by a theatre critic|last=Nestruck|first=Kelly|date=November 30, 2009|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=December 1, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024732/http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2009/nov/30/lady-gaga-monster-ball|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/471708/lady-gagas-monster-ball-tour-breaks-record-for-debut-headlining-artist|title=Lady Gaga's Monster Ball Tour Breaks Record for Debut Headlining Artist|date=May 5, 2011|first=Ray|last=Waddell|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=June 2, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509041933/http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/471708/lady-gagas-monster-ball-tour-breaks-record-for-debut-headlining-artist|archivedate=May 9, 2013}}</ref> Concerts performed at [[Madison Square Garden]] in New York City were filmed for an [[HBO]] television special, ''[[Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/shows/lady-gaga-presents-monster-ball-tour-madison-square-garden|title=Lady GaGa Presents The Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|accessdate=August 25, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110192149/http://www.emmys.com/shows/lady-gaga-presents-monster-ball-tour-madison-square-garden|archivedate=January 10, 2015}}</ref> Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 [[Royal Variety Performance]], the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the [[2010 BRIT Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga wins Brit Awards triple|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8517579.stm|work=BBC News|date=February 16, 2010|accessdate=December 28, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013070214/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8517579.stm|archivedate=October 13, 2010}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/6756304/Lady-Gaga-meets-the-Queen-at-the-Royal-Variety-Performance-in-Blackpool.html|title=Lady Gaga meets the Queen at the Royal Variety Performance in Blackpool|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=October 27, 2017|date=December 7, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007085711/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/6756304/Lady-Gaga-meets-the-Queen-at-the-Royal-Variety-Performance-in-Blackpool.html|archivedate=October 7, 2016|df=}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.newnownext.com/lady-gagas-10-best-live-performances/11/2013/|title=Lady Gaga's 10 Best Live Performances|publisher=[[Logo TV]]|date=November 12, 2013|first=Louis|last=Virtel|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313031648/http://www.newnownext.com/lady-gagas-10-best-live-performances/11/2013/|archivedate=March 13, 2016|df=|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> Before [[Michael Jackson]]'s death, Gaga was set to take part in his canceled [[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]] concert series at the [[The O2 Arena (London)|O₂ Arena]] in the UK.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/viral-videos/957954/lady-gaga-talks-michael-jackson-lupus-diagnosis-with-larry-king|title=Lady Gaga Talks Michael Jackson, Lupus Diagnosis with Larry King|date=June 1, 2010|accessdate=May 30, 2011|first=Monica|last=Herrera|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040237/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/viral-videos/957954/lady-gaga-talks-michael-jackson-lupus-diagnosis-with-larry-king|archivedate=May 9, 2013}}</ref> During this era, Gaga ventured into business, collaborating with consumer electronics company [[Monster Cable Products]] to create in-ear, jewel-encrusted headphones called Heartbeats by Lady Gaga.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Storms IFA With New Headphones|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/171537/article.html|first=Martyn|last=Williams|date=September 7, 2009|accessdate=January 27, 2012|work=[[PC World]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525133126/http://www.pcworld.com/article/171537/article.html|archivedate=May 25, 2013}}</ref> She also partnered with [[Polaroid Corporation|Polaroid]] in January 2010 as their creative director and announced a suite of photo-capture products called Grey Label.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga to become Polaroid's creative director|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/jan/08/lady-gaga-polaroid-creative-director|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Rosie|last=Swash|date=January 8, 2010|accessdate=January 27, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104154930/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/jan/08/lady-gaga-polaroid-creative-director|archivedate=January 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Polaroid & Lady Gaga Launch New Line at CES [PICS]|url=http://mashable.com/2011/01/06/polaroid-lady-gaga-launch-new-line-at-ces/|date=January 6, 2011|work=[[Mashable]]|first=Jolie|last=O'Dell|accessdate=July 11, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627022254/http://mashable.com/2011/01/06/polaroid-lady-gaga-launch-new-line-at-ces/|archivedate=June 27, 2015}}</ref> Her collaboration with her past record producer and ex-boyfriend Rob Fusari led to a lawsuit against her production team, Mermaid Music LLC.{{efn|In 2010, Fusari claimed he was entitled to a 20% share of the company's earnings, but the [[New York Supreme Court]] dismissed both the lawsuit and a counter-suit by Gaga.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopmusic/7486678/Lady-Gaga-bites-back-at-music-producer.html|title=Lady Gaga bites back at music producer|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=March 20, 2010|date=March 20, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323020236/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopmusic/7486678/Lady-Gaga-bites-back-at-music-producer.html|archivedate=March 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ladygaga-idUSTRE6895NZ20100913|title=Lady Gaga and jilted producer drop legal dispute|first=Basil|last=Katz|date=September 10, 2010|agency=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=September 11, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208042419/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ladygaga-idUSTRE6895NZ20100913|archivedate=December 8, 2015}}</ref>}} At this time, Gaga was tested borderline positive for [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]], but claimed not to be affected by the symptoms and hoped to maintain a healthy lifestyle.<ref name="comeparty">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article7129672.ece|title=Come party with Lady Gaga|date=May 23, 2010|accessdate=May 24, 2010|last=Moran|first=Caitlin|work=The Times|authorlink=Caitlin Moran|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522013938/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article7129672.ece|archivedate=May 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-02/gaga-was-to-open-jacksons-this-is-it-tour/851038|title=Gaga was to open Jackson's This Is It tour|last=Temple|first=Sarah|date=June 2, 2010|accessdate=June 2, 2010|publisher=[[ABC Online]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621151715/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-02/gaga-was-to-open-jacksons-this-is-it-tour/851038|archivedate=June 21, 2013}}</ref> ===2011–2014: ''Born This Way'', ''Artpop'', and ''Cheek to Cheek''=== In February 2011, Gaga released "[[Born This Way (song)|Born This Way]]", the lead single from her [[Born This Way (album)|studio album of the same name]]. The song sold more than one million copies within five days, earning the Guinness World Record for the fastest selling single on [[iTunes]].<ref name="champ" /> It [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Number-one debuts|debuted atop]] the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], becoming the 1,000th number-one single in the history of the charts.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Trust|first=Gary|title=Lady Gaga Claims 1,000th Hot 100 No. 1 with 'Born This Way'|magazine=Billboard|date=February 16, 2011|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/473025/lady-gaga-claims-1000th-hot-100-no-1-with-born-this-way|accessdate=February 16, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325075536/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/473025/lady-gaga-claims-1000th-hot-100-no-1-with-born-this-way|archivedate=March 25, 2013}}</ref> Its second single "[[Judas (Lady Gaga song)|Judas]]" followed two months later,<ref name="dwn">{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/04/lady-gaga-judas-single.html|title=New Lady Gaga single 'Judas' released today|work=Los Angeles Times|first=Randy|last=Lewis|date=April 15, 2011|accessdate=April 16, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418233534/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/04/lady-gaga-judas-single.html|archivedate=April 18, 2011}}</ref> and "[[The Edge of Glory]]" served as its third single.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a318892/lady-gaga-makes-edge-of-glory-official-single/|title=Lady Gaga Makes Edge Of Glory Official Single?|last=Corner|first=Nick|date=May 11, 2011|accessdate=October 29, 2011|work=[[Digital Spy]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212062409/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a318892/lady-gaga-makes-edge-of-glory-official-single/|archivedate=December 12, 2015}}</ref> Both reached the top 10 in the US and the UK.<ref name="USsongpeaks">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/lady-gaga/chart-history/hot-100|title=Lady Gaga Chart History: Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=August 3, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106065820/http://www.billboard.com/music/lady-gaga/chart-history/hot-100|archivedate=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ukchart">{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga {{!}} Official Chart History|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5334/lady-gaga/|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=October 30, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510175654/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5334/LADY-GAGA/|archivedate=May 10, 2015}}</ref> Her music video for "The Edge of Glory", unlike her previous work, portrays her dancing on a fire escape and walking on a lonely street, without intricate choreography and back-up dancers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Eleanor|title=First Look! Lady Gaga's Edge of Glory video|url=http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity-news/first-look-lady-gaga-s-edge-of-glory-video-206482|accessdate=August 31, 2017|work=Marie Claire|date=June 17, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221224/http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity-news/first-look-lady-gaga-s-edge-of-glory-video-206482|archivedate=August 31, 2017}}</ref> [[File:Lady Gaga (6891780238) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|upright|Gaga promoting ''[[Born This Way (album)|Born This Way]]'' with performances in Sydney, Australia|alt=Gaga performing onstage wearing black leather jacket and bodysuit. She has blue hair]] ''Born This Way'' was released on May 23, 2011,<ref name="dwn"/> and debuted atop the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] with first-week sales of [[Lists of fastest-selling albums|1.1 million copies]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1664888/lady-gaga-billboard/|title=Lady Gaga Crashes Billboard With 1.1 Million|last=Montgomery|first=James|date=June 2, 2011|accessdate=June 2, 2011|publisher=MTV News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119105421/http://www.mtv.com/news/1664888/lady-gaga-billboard/|archivedate=November 19, 2014}}</ref> The album sold eight million copies worldwide and received three Grammy nominations, including Gaga's third consecutive nomination for Album of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/lady-gaga-biopic-5-stars-who-could-play-role-photos-321470|title=Lady Gaga Biopic: 5 Stars Who Could Play the Role|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=October 5, 2011|accessdate=February 12, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134836/http://www.ibtimes.com/lady-gaga-biopic-5-stars-who-could-play-role-photos-321470|archivedate=November 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Hampp|first1=Andrew|title=2012 Grammy Awards: Album Of The Year|magazine=Billboard|date=December 1, 2011|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1158007/2012-grammy-awards-album-of-the-year|accessdate=October 27, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319164029/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1158007/2012-grammy-awards-album-of-the-year|archivedate=March 19, 2016}}</ref> ''Born This Way''{{'}}s following singles were "[[You and I (Lady Gaga song)|You and I]]" and "[[Marry the Night]]",<ref name=youandimv>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga's "Marry The Night": Will Facebook Campaign Help It Chart Better?|url=http://idolator.com/6108621/lady-gaga-marry-the-night-facebook-campaign-chart|publisher=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]|first=Robbie|last=Daw|date=December 12, 2011|accessdate=February 1, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211071432/http://idolator.com/6108621/lady-gaga-marry-the-night-facebook-campaign-chart|archivedate=February 11, 2012}}</ref> which reached numbers six and 29 in the US, respectively.<ref name="USsongpeaks"/> While filming the former's music video, Gaga met and started dating actor [[Taylor Kinney]] in July 2011, who played her love interest.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga, Taylor Kinney split after 5 years|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2016/07/19/lady-gaga-taylor-kinney-split-after-5-years/87291744/|date=July 19, 2016|accessdate=July 19, 2017|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|first=Jayme|last=Deerwester|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728042603/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2016/07/19/lady-gaga-taylor-kinney-split-after-5-years/87291744/|archivedate=July 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Vulpo|first1=Mike|title=Lady Gaga and Taylor Kinney Split After 5 Years Together: A Timeline of Their Romance|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/781180/lady-gaga-and-taylor-kinney-split-after-5-years-together-a-timeline-of-their-romance|accessdate=July 19, 2017|publisher=[[E! News]]|date=July 19, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728063203/http://www.eonline.com/news/781180/lady-gaga-and-taylor-kinney-split-after-5-years-together-a-timeline-of-their-romance|archivedate=July 28, 2017}}</ref> She also embarked on the [[Born This Way Ball]] tour in April 2012, which was scheduled to conclude the following March, but ended one month earlier when Gaga canceled the remaining dates due to a [[Acetabular labrum|labral]] tear of her right hip that required surgery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Cancels Remaining 'Born This Way Ball' World Tour Dates To Have Hip Surgery|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/lady-gaga/news/born-this-way-ball-cancelled-hip-surgery/|publisher=Capital FM|date=February 14, 2013|accessdate=November 25, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044219/http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/lady-gaga/news/born-this-way-ball-cancelled-hip-surgery/|archivedate=December 1, 2017}}</ref> While refunds for the cancellations were estimated to be worth $25 million,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1539268/lady-gaga-tour-cancellation-a-look-at-the-damage|title=Lady Gaga Tour Cancellation: A Look at the Damage|first=Ray|last=Waddell|magazine=Billboard|date=February 14, 2013|accessdate=November 25, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130023020/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1539268/lady-gaga-tour-cancellation-a-look-at-the-damage|archivedate=January 30, 2018}}</ref> the tour grossed a total of $183.9 million globally.<ref>The tour earned $164.1 million in 2012 and $22.5 million in 2013. *{{cite magazine|url=https://www.pollstarpro.com/files/011413top50.pdf|title=2012 ''Pollstar'' Year End Top 50 Worldwide Tours|format=PDF|magazine=[[Pollstar]]|accessdate=November 25, 2017}} *{{cite magazine|url=https://www.pollstarpro.com/files/charts2013/2013YearEndTop100WorldwideTours.pdf|title=2013 ''Pollstar'' Year End Top 100 Worldwide Tours|format=PDF|magazine=Pollstar|accessdate=November 25, 2017}} </ref> In 2011, Gaga also worked with [[Tony Bennett]] on a [[jazz]] version of "[[The Lady Is a Tramp]]",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1670271/lady-gaga-tony-bennett-lady-is-a-tramp/|title=Lady Gaga Is 'The Biggest,' Tony Bennett Says|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|date=September 14, 2011|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=September 21, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724080436/http://www.mtv.com/news/1670271/lady-gaga-tony-bennett-lady-is-a-tramp/|archivedate=July 24, 2014}}</ref> with [[Elton John]] on "Hello Hello" for the animated feature film ''[[Gnomeo & Juliet]]'',<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/473304/lady-gaga-elton-john-duet-wont-appear-on-gnomeo-juliet-soundtrack|title=Lady Gaga, Elton John Duet Won't Appear On Film Soundtrack|date=January 28, 2011|accessdate=February 4, 2011|last=Herrera|first=Monica|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040224/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/473304/lady-gaga-elton-john-duet-wont-appear-on-gnomeo-juliet-soundtrack|archivedate=May 9, 2013}}</ref> and with [[The Lonely Island]] and [[Justin Timberlake]] on "[[3-Way (The Golden Rule)]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2011/05/listen-the-lonely-island-justin-timberlake-lady-gaga-3-way-the-golden-rule|magazine=Complex|date=May 24, 2011|accessdate=October 29, 2017|title=Listen: The Lonely Island f/ Justin Timberlake & Lady Gaga "3-Way (The Golden Rule)"|first=Anthony|last=Osei|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030041503/http://www.complex.com/music/2011/05/listen-the-lonely-island-justin-timberlake-lady-gaga-3-way-the-golden-rule|archivedate=October 30, 2017}}</ref> She also performed a concert at the [[Sydney Town Hall]] in Australia that year to promote ''Born This Way'' and to celebrate former US President [[Bill Clinton]]'s 65th birthday.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Perpetua|first=Mathew|title=Lady Gaga, Bono Rock For Clinton Foundation|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-bono-rock-for-clinton-foundation-20111017|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=October 17, 2011|accessdate=October 21, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019191943/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-bono-rock-for-clinton-foundation-20111017|archivedate=October 19, 2011}}</ref> In November, she was featured in a [[Thanksgiving]] television special titled ''[[A Very Gaga Thanksgiving]]'', which attracted 5.7 million American viewers and spawned the release of her fourth EP, ''[[A Very Gaga Holiday]]''.<ref name=ratings2>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/25/tv-ratings-thursday-cbs-tops-thanksgiving-night-of-repeats-and-specials-but/111748/|title=TV Ratings Thursday: CBS Tops Thanksgiving Night Of Repeats And Specials, But...|first=Bill|last=Gorman|work=[[TV by the Numbers]]|date=November 25, 2011|accessdate=June 20, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075318/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/25/tv-ratings-thursday-cbs-tops-thanksgiving-night-of-repeats-and-specials-but/111748/|archivedate=March 5, 2016}}</ref> In 2012, Gaga guest-starred as an animated version of herself in an episode of ''[[The Simpsons]]'' called "[[Lisa Goes Gaga]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spin.com/2012/05/hear-lady-gagas-cartoony-90-second-simpsons-tune/|title=Hear Lady Gaga's Cartoony, 90-Second 'Simpsons' Tune|first=Devon|last=Maloney|work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=May 19, 2012|accessdate=May 23, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909094229/http://www.spin.com/2012/05/hear-lady-gagas-cartoony-90-second-simpsons-tune/|archivedate=September 9, 2015}}</ref> appeared in the documentary films ''[[The Zen of Bennett]]'' and ''[[Katy Perry: Part of Me]]'',<ref>{{cite news|last=Hasty|first=Katie|title=Tony Bennett talks Britney Spears, Lady Gaga and 'The Zen of Bennett'|url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/immaculate-noise/posts/tony-bennett-talks-britney-spears-lady-gaga-and-the-zen-of-bennett|accessdate=August 11, 2015|publisher=[[HitFix]]|date=April 27, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731051355/http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/immaculate-noise/posts/tony-bennett-talks-britney-spears-lady-gaga-and-the-zen-of-bennett|archivedate=July 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katy Perry: Part Of Me 3D Review – Ten Key Scenes To Watch Out For|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/katy-perry/news/part-of-me-3d-review-key-scenes/|accessdate=August 4, 2017|publisher=[[Capital (radio network)|Capital]]|date=July 2, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804221414/http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/katy-perry/news/part-of-me-3d-review-key-scenes/|archivedate=August 4, 2017}}</ref> and released her first fragrance, [[Lady Gaga Fame]], followed by a second one, [[Eau de Gaga]], in 2014.{{efn|Both of the fragrances were released in association with [[Coty, Inc.]]<ref name="pressrelease">{{cite news|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lady-gaga-to-launch-lady-gaga-fame-the-first-fragrance-from-haus-laboratories-159101855.html|title=Lady Gaga To Launch Lady Gaga Fame, The First Fragrance From Haus Laboratories|date=June 14, 2012|agency=PR Newswire|accessdate=July 9, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731042815/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lady-gaga-to-launch-lady-gaga-fame-the-first-fragrance-from-haus-laboratories-159101855.html|archivedate=July 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2012/09/Lady-Gaga-Breaking-Ground-On-Her-Fame|accessdate=October 23, 2015|date=October 1, 2012|first=SunHee|last=Grinnell|title=Lady Gaga: Breaking Ground on Her Fame|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012212806/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2012/09/Lady-Gaga-Breaking-Ground-On-Her-Fame|archivedate=October 12, 2015}}</ref>}} Gaga began work on her third studio album, ''[[Artpop]]'', in early 2012, during the Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror "a night at the club".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nme.com/news/lady-gaga/64082|title=Lady Gaga's manager promises singer will deliver an 'insane' third album|last=Bychawski|first=Adam|date=May 31, 2012|magazine=NME|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012061008/http://www.nme.com/news/lady-gaga/64082|archivedate=October 12, 2013|deadurl=no|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a397438/lady-gagas-new-album-to-be-called-artpop/|title=Lady GaGa's new album to be called 'ARTPOP'|last=Copsey|first=Nick|date=August 5, 2012|work=Digital Spy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212104109/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a397438/lady-gagas-new-album-to-be-called-artpop/|archivedate=December 12, 2015|deadurl=no|accessdate=August 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name="mtv222">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1714293/lady-gaga-artpop-kiis-ustream/|title=Lady Gaga's ARTPOP Isn't An Album, But 'A Night At The Club'|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|date=September 18, 2013|publisher=MTV News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715232651/http://www.mtv.com/news/1714293/lady-gaga-artpop-kiis-ustream/|archivedate=July 15, 2014|deadurl=no|accessdate=October 17, 2013}}</ref> In August 2013, Gaga released the album's lead single "[[Applause (Lady Gaga song)|Applause]]",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/12/piracy-lady-gaga|title=Lady Gaga Applause single released early after fans fail to plug leaks|last1=Dredge|first1=Stuart|date=August 12, 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=October 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419113953/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/12/piracy-lady-gaga|archivedate=April 19, 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref> which reached number one in Hungary, number four in the US, and number five in the UK.<ref name="ukchart"/><ref name="USsongpeaks" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/single-track-top-40-lista/2013/38|title=2013/38. heti Single (track) Top 40 lista|publisher=Slágerlisták|language=Hungarian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030094156/http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/single-track-top-40-lista/2013/38|archivedate=October 30, 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> A [[lyric video]] for ''Artpop'' track "[[Aura (song)|Aura]]" followed in October to accompany [[Robert Rodriguez]]'s ''[[Machete Kills]]'', where she plays an assassin named La Chameleon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/lady-gaga/news/aura-lyric-video/|title=Lady Gaga's Song Aura Featured in Machete Kills|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Capital FM|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824031648/http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/lady-gaga/news/aura-lyric-video/|archivedate=August 24, 2014|deadurl=no|accessdate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> The film received generally negative reviews and earned less than half of its $33 million budget.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/machete_kills/|title=Machete Kills&nbsp;(2013)|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830192737/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/machete_kills|archivedate=August 30, 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=October 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20140102/entlife/701029978|title=Dann & Raymond's winning 'Woofers'|last1=Gire|first1=Dann|date=January 2, 2014|newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]]|accessdate=October 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030093357/https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20140102/entlife/701029978|archivedate=October 30, 2017|deadurl=no}}</ref> The second ''Artpop'' single, "[[Do What U Want]]", featured singer [[R. Kelly]] and was released later that month,<ref name="dowhatSingleAnnouncement">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5763214/lady-gaga-r-kelly-duet-do-what-u-want-is-now-artpops-second-single|title=Lady Gaga: R. Kelly Duet 'Do What U Want' Is Now 'ARTPOP's' Second Single|last=Lipshultz|first=Jason|date=October 22, 2013|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=October 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022211423/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5763214/lady-gaga-r-kelly-duet-do-what-u-want-is-now-artpops-second-single|archivedate=October 22, 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref> topping the charts in Hungary and reaching number 13 in the US.<ref name="USsongpeaks" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/single-track-top-40-lista/2013/43|title=2013/43. heti Single (track) Top 40 lista|publisher=Slágerlisták|language=Hungarian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030094255/http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/single-track-top-40-lista/2013/43|archivedate=October 30, 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> Gaga removed the song from all streaming platforms in 2019 in the light of allegations made against Kelly sexually abusing several women; Gaga apologized for ever collaborating with him.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bloom |first1=Nicole Brydon |title=R. Kelly Called Lady Gaga ‘Not Professional’ for Removing Their Duet Amid Sexual Abuse Controversy |url=https://stylecaster.com/r-kelly-lady-gaga-duet-do-what-u-want-react/ |publisher=[[SheKnows Media]] |accessdate=March 8, 2019 |language=en |date=March 7, 2019}}</ref> ''Artpop'' was released in November 2013 to mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reviews for ARTPOP by Lady Gaga|url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/artpop/lady-gaga|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=November 30, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408010610/http://www.metacritic.com/music/artpop/lady-gaga|archivedate=April 8, 2014}}</ref> Helen Brown in ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' criticized Gaga for making another album about her fame and doubted the record's originality, but found it "great for dancing".<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Helen|title=Lady Gaga, Artpop, review|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/cdreviews/10432368/Lady-Gaga-Artpop-review.html|accessdate=November 8, 2013|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=November 7, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111114033/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/cdreviews/10432368/Lady-Gaga-Artpop-review.html|archivedate=November 11, 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref> The album debuted atop the ''Billboard'' 200 chart, and sold more than 2.5 million copies worldwide as of July 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5793353/lady-gaga-scores-second-no-1-album-with-artpop|title=Lady Gaga Scores Second No. 1 Album With 'ARTPOP'|magazine=Billboard|date=November 20, 2013|accessdate=November 20, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126054832/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5793353/lady-gaga-scores-second-no-1-album-with-artpop|archivedate=January 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga dazzles fans with fun, solid show|url=http://www.buffalonews.com/gusto/concert-reviews/lady-gaga-dazzles-fans-with-fun-solid-show-20140707|work=[[The Buffalo News]]|accessdate=February 26, 2016|date=July 7, 2014|last=Siegel|first=Ben|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710005135/http://www.buffalonews.com/gusto/concert-reviews/lady-gaga-dazzles-fans-with-fun-solid-show-20140707|archivedate=July 10, 2014}}</ref> "[[G.U.Y.]]" was released as the third single in March 2014 and peaked at number 76 in the US.<ref name="USsongpeaks" /><ref name="radioit">{{cite web|url=http://www.radioairplay.fm/RadioDate/PublicDetails/61964|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028104145/http://www.radioairplay.fm/RadioDate/PublicDetails/61964|archivedate=October 28, 2014|title=G.U.Y.: Lady Gaga|last=Mompellio|first=Gabriel|date=March 28, 2014|publisher=Radio Airplay Italy|language=Italian|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> [[File:Lady Gaga & Tony Bennett (17358336861).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A woman with brown-red hair gestures with her left hand while holding a microphone in her right.|With the ''[[Cheek to Cheek (album)|Cheek to Cheek]]'' era, Gaga (seen here performing on the [[Cheek to Cheek Tour]]) ushered in an overhaul of her image.<ref name="reinvention"/>]] Gaga hosted an episode of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' in November 2013, performing "Do What U Want" (with Kelly) and an album cut, "[[Gypsy (Lady Gaga song)|Gypsy]]".<ref name="Nov2013SNL">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/lady-gaga-hosts-snl-plays-future-fame-applause-article-1.1519876|title=Lady Gaga hosts 'Saturday Night Live,' plays future self without fame or applause|last=Rivera|first=Zayda|date=November 17, 2013|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|accessdate=October 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101112420/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/lady-gaga-hosts-snl-plays-future-fame-applause-article-1.1519876|archivedate=January 1, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> After holding her second Thanksgiving Day television special on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], ''[[Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular]]'', she performed a special rendition of "Do What U Want" with [[Christina Aguilera]] on the [[The Voice (U.S. season 5)|fifth season]] of the American reality talent show ''[[The Voice (U.S. TV series)|The Voice]]''.<ref name=Thanksgiving2013>{{cite web|last=Messer|first=Lesley|title=Lady Gaga Teams Up With the Muppets and Adorable Photos Result|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/lady-gaga-teams-muppets-adorable-photos-result/story?id=20603044|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=October 17, 2013|date=October 17, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318120644/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/lady-gaga-teams-muppets-adorable-photos-result/story?id=20603044|archivedate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Grow|first1=Kory|title=Gaga and Christina's Wild 'Voice' Duet|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=December 18, 2013|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/videos/lady-gaga-and-christina-aguilera-trade-verses-for-the-voice-20131218|accessdate=November 7, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115140441/http://www.rollingstone.com/tv/videos/lady-gaga-and-christina-aguilera-trade-verses-for-the-voice-20131218|archivedate=January 15, 2016}}</ref> In March 2014, Gaga had a [[Lady Gaga Live at Roseland Ballroom|seven-day concert residency]] commemorating the last performance at New York's [[Roseland Ballroom]] before its closure.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/lady-gaga-brings-over-the-top-style-roseland-final-shows-article-1.1738728|title=Lady Gaga brings signature over-the-top style, familiar hits to Roseland Ballroom's final shows|first=Jim|last=Farber|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|date=March 29, 2014|accessdate=October 29, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711013553/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/lady-gaga-brings-over-the-top-style-roseland-final-shows-article-1.1738728|archivedate=July 11, 2017}}</ref> Two months later, she embarked on the [[ArtRave: The Artpop Ball]] tour, building on concepts from her [[ArtRave]] promotional event. Earning $83 million, the tour included cities canceled from the Born This Way Ball tour itinerary.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6363749/rolling-stones-lady-gaga-wrap-up-tours-on-top|title=Rolling Stones & Lady Gaga Wrap Up Their Tours on Top|last=Allen|first=Bob|date=December 5, 2014|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=December 5, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318033529/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6363749/rolling-stones-lady-gaga-wrap-up-tours-on-top|archivedate=March 18, 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref> In the meantime, Gaga split from longtime manager [[Troy Carter (music industry)|Troy Carter]] over "creative differences",<ref name="NY news">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/lady-gaga-longtime-manager-troy-carter-split-article-1.1507097|title=Lady Gaga, longtime manager Troy Carter split over 'creative differences': report|author=Rivera, Zayda|date=November 5, 2013|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107040822/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/lady-gaga-longtime-manager-troy-carter-split-article-1.1507097|archivedate=November 7, 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref> and by June 2014, she and new manager Bobby Campbell joined Artist Nation, the artist management division of [[Live Nation Entertainment]].<ref name="tourforce" /> She briefly appeared in Rodriguez's ''[[Sin City: A Dame to Kill For]]'', and was confirmed as [[Versace]]'s spring-summer 2014 face with a campaign called "Lady Gaga For Versace".<ref name=GagaNailedIt>{{cite news|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|title=Lady Gaga 'Nailed It' In 'Sin City' Sequel, Joseph Gordon-Levitt Reveals|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1713289/lady-gaga-joseph-gordon-levitt-sin-city-2/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=August 29, 2013|date=August 29, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523195125/http://www.mtv.com/news/1713289/lady-gaga-joseph-gordon-levitt-sin-city-2/|archivedate=May 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga for Versace confirmed|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10472239/Gaga-for-Versace-confirmed.html|date=November 25, 2013|accessdate=June 17, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617082141/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10472239/Gaga-for-Versace-confirmed.html|archivedate=June 17, 2015}}</ref> In September 2014, Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled ''[[Cheek to Cheek (album)|Cheek to Cheek]]''. The inspiration behind the album came from her friendship with Bennett, and fascination with [[jazz music]] since her childhood.<ref name="press">{{cite press release|url=http://www.universalmusic.ca/press-releases/tony-bennett-lady-gaga-cheek-to-cheek-album-of-classic-jazz-standards-to-be-released-september-23/|title=Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: ''Cheek to Cheek'' Album of Classic Jazz Standards To Be Released September 23|date=July 29, 2014|accessdate=July 30, 2014|publisher=[[Universal Music Canada]]|location=Toronto|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051628/http://www.universalmusic.ca/press-releases/tony-bennett-lady-gaga-cheek-to-cheek-album-of-classic-jazz-standards-to-be-released-september-23/|archivedate=August 8, 2014}}</ref> Before the album was released, it produced the singles "[[Anything Goes (Cole Porter song)#Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga version|Anything Goes]]" and "[[I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby#Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga version|I Can't Give You Anything but Love]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3143169/lady-gaga-tony-bennett-cheek-to-cheek/|title=Lady Gaga Unveils Cover Art For Duet Album With Tony Bennett|last=Gibson|first=Megan|date=August 19, 2014|accessdate=November 7, 2017|magazine=Time|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609195158/http://time.com/3143169/lady-gaga-tony-bennett-cheek-to-cheek/|archivedate=June 9, 2016}}</ref> ''Cheek to Cheek'' received generally favorable reviews;<ref name="mc">{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/cheek-to-cheek/tony-bennett|title=Cheek to Cheek – Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga|accessdate=October 18, 2014|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927063411/http://www.metacritic.com/music/cheek-to-cheek/tony-bennett|archivedate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> ''The Guardian''{{'}}s Caroline Sullivan praised Gaga's vocals and Howard Reich of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' wrote that "''Cheek to Cheek'' serves up the real thing, start to finish".<ref name="guarrev">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/18/tony-bennett-and-lady-gaga-review-gaga-is-a-wonder|date=September 18, 2014|accessdate=September 18, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Caroline|last=Sullivan|title=Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga review – Gaga is a wonder|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919072138/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/18/tony-bennett-and-lady-gaga-review-gaga-is-a-wonder|archivedate=September 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Reich|first1=Howard|title=Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett meet 'Cheek to Cheek'|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/reich/ct-lady-gaga-tony-bennett-gaga-cheek-to-cheek-20140919-column.html|accessdate=September 19, 2014|work=Chicago Tribune|date=September 19, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920084719/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/reich/ct-lady-gaga-tony-bennett-gaga-cheek-to-cheek-20140919-column.html|archivedate=September 20, 2014}}</ref> The record was Gaga's third consecutive number-one album on the ''Billboard'' 200,<ref name="usc2c">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/6266770/tony-bennett-lady-gagas-cheek-to-cheek-debuts-at-no-1|title=Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga's 'Cheek To Cheek' Debuts at No. 1|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|date=October 1, 2014|accessdate=October 1, 2014|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003135447/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/6266770/tony-bennett-lady-gagas-cheek-to-cheek-debuts-at-no-1|archivedate=October 3, 2014}}</ref> and won a [[Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/08/grammy-winners-list-2015_n_6600948.html|title=Grammy Winners List For 2015 Includes Beyoncé, 'Frozen' & Kendrick Lamar|last=Rosen|first=Christopher|date=February 8, 2015|accessdate=February 8, 2015|work=HuffPost|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209033006/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/08/grammy-winners-list-2015_n_6600948.html|archivedate=February 9, 2015}}</ref> The duo recorded the concert special ''[[Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live!]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live!|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/tony-bennett-lady-gaga-cheek-to-cheek-live-about-the-concert/3524/|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=PBS|date=October 15, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312193346/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/tony-bennett-lady-gaga-cheek-to-cheek-live-about-the-concert/3524/|archivedate=March 12, 2015}}</ref> and embarked on the [[Cheek to Cheek Tour]] from December 2014 to August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/lady-gaga-to-perform-with-tony-bennett-on-new-year-s-eve-114100800065_1.html|title=Lady Gaga to perform with Tony Bennett on New Year's Eve|date=October 8, 2014|accessdate=June 17, 2015|work=[[Business Standard]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717163929/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/lady-gaga-to-perform-with-tony-bennett-on-new-year-s-eve-114100800065_1.html|archivedate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> ===2015–2017: ''American Horror Story'', ''Joanne'', and Super Bowl performances=== In February 2015, Gaga became engaged to Taylor Kinney.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Barry|title=Our editor congratulated her: Lady Gaga is engaged|url=http://www.recordonline.com/article/20150216/ENTERTAINMENT/150219500|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015101315/http://www.recordonline.com/article/20150216/ENTERTAINMENT/150219500|archivedate=October 15, 2015|deadurl=no|work=[[Times-Herald Record]]|date=February 16, 2015|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> After ''Artpop''{{'s}} lukewarm response, Gaga began to redo her image and style. According to ''Billboard'', this shift started with the release of ''Cheek to Cheek'' and the attention she received for her performance at the [[87th Academy Awards]], where she sang a medley of songs from ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'' in a tribute to [[Julie Andrews]].<ref name="reinvention">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6494560/inside-lady-gaga-reinvention-long-term-plan|title=Inside Lady Gaga's Latest Reinvention (It's All Part of a Long-Term Plan)|date=March 6, 2015|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=February 28, 2016|author=Hampp, Andrew|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308080718/http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6494560/inside-lady-gaga-reinvention-long-term-plan|archivedate=March 8, 2016}}</ref> Considered one of her best performances by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', it triggered more than 214,000 interactions per minute globally on [[Facebook]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Stecker|first1=Erin|title=Lady Gaga's 8 Best Live Performances|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6259156/lady-gagas-7-best-live-performances|accessdate=November 7, 2017|magazine=Billboard|date=February 8, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313175522/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6259156/lady-gagas-7-best-live-performances|archivedate=March 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2015-social-media-lady-777016|title=Oscars 2015: Lady Gaga's 'The Sound of Music' Medley Dominated Social Media|first=Ashley|last=Lee|date=February 23, 2015|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=July 11, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320064321/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2015-social-media-lady-777016|archivedate=March 20, 2016}}</ref> She and [[Diane Warren]] co-wrote the song "[[Til It Happens to You]]" for the documentary ''[[The Hunting Ground]]'', which earned them the [[Satellite Award for Best Original Song]] and an [[Academy Award]] nomination in [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|the same category]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gallo|first=Phil|title=Diane Warren on Her Lady Gaga Collaboration for New Documentary 'The Hunting Ground'|magazine=Billboard|date=January 27, 2015|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6451064/diane-warren-lady-gaga-song-till-it-happens-to-you-hunting-ground|accessdate=May 4, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428095535/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6451064/diane-warren-lady-gaga-song-till-it-happens-to-you-hunting-ground|archivedate=April 28, 2015}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/2015/|title=View Awards by Year: 2015|publisher=International Press Academy|accessdate=December 5, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320045213/http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/2015/|archivedate=March 20, 2016}}<br />{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/28/entertainment/oscars-2016-winners-list-feat/index.html|title=The 2016 Oscars winners list|first=Katia|last=Hetter|date=February 28, 2016|accessdate=February 28, 2016|publisher=CNN|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229020329/http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/28/entertainment/oscars-2016-winners-list-feat/index.html|archivedate=February 29, 2016}}</ref> Gaga won ''Billboard'' [[Billboard Music Award for Woman of the Year|Woman of the Year]] and Contemporary Icon Award at the 2015 Annual Songwriters Hall of Fame Awards.<ref name="2015bbwoman">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6714424/billboard-lady-gaga-woman-of-the-year-women-in-music-lifetime-2015|title=Lady Gaga to Be Honored as Billboard's 2015 Woman of the Year, Lifetime to Televise Annual Event|last=Sun|first=Rebecca|date=September 30, 2015|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=September 30, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002010117/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6714424/billboard-lady-gaga-woman-of-the-year-women-in-music-lifetime-2015|archivedate=October 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="iconaward">{{cite web|url=http://www.songhall.org/news/entry/lady_gaga_to_receive_first_ever_contemporary_icon_award|title=Lady Gaga To Receive First-Ever Contemporary Icon Award|date=April 23, 2015|publisher=[[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=April 24, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505045400/http://www.songhall.org/news/entry/lady_gaga_to_receive_first_ever_contemporary_icon_award|archivedate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> Gaga had spent much of her early life wanting to be an actress, and achieved her goal when she starred in ''[[American Horror Story: Hotel]]''.<ref name=GoldenGlobeAHS>{{cite magazine|last1=David|first1=Ehrlich|title=Watch Lady Gaga's Emotional Speech at 2016 Golden Globes|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/news/lady-gaga-i-wanted-to-be-an-actress-before-a-singer-20160110|accessdate=May 22, 2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=January 10, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215034423/http://www.rollingstone.com/tv/news/lady-gaga-i-wanted-to-be-an-actress-before-a-singer-20160110|archivedate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> Running from October 2015 to January 2016, ''Hotel'' is the fifth season of the television [[anthology series|anthology]] horror series, ''[[American Horror Story]]'', in which Gaga played a hotel owner named [[List of American Horror Story: Hotel characters#Elizabeth Johnson|Elizabeth]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/10/entertainment/american-horror-story-hotel-trailer-feat-thr/|title=Lady Gaga joins American Horror Story Season 5|first=Dana Rose|last=Falcone|publisher=CNN|date=September 10, 2015|accessdate=February 26, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914025840/http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/10/entertainment/american-horror-story-hotel-trailer-feat-thr|archivedate=September 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2727963/american-horror-story-hotel-finale/|publisher=MTV News|date=January 13, 2016|accessdate=August 31, 2017|title='American Horror Story': 7 Things We Need To See In The 'Hotel' Finale|first=Shaunna|last=Murphy|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831222444/http://www.mtv.com/news/2727963/american-horror-story-hotel-finale/|archivedate=August 31, 2017}}</ref> At the [[73rd Golden Globe Awards]], Gaga received the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film|Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film]] award for her work on the season.<ref name=GoldenGlobeAHS/> She appeared in [[Nick Knight (photographer)|Nick Knight]]'s 2015 fashion film for [[Tom Ford]]'s 2016 spring campaign<ref>{{cite news|last=Piere|first=Kerry|title=Tom Ford Debuts Spring 2016 With Lady Gaga|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/news/a12382/tom-ford-spring-2016-fashion-show/|work=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|date=October 2, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20160316070444/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week-fall-2016/news/a12382/tom-ford-spring-2016-fashion-show/|archivedate=March 16, 2016|df=|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> and was guest editor for ''[[V (American magazine)|V]]'' fashion magazine's 99th issue in January 2016, which featured 16 different covers.<ref name="V mag"/> She received Editor of the Year award at the Fashion Los Angeles Awards.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.etonline.com/news/184867_lady_gaga_nabs_editor_of_the_year_at_fashion_los_angeles_awards/|title=Lady Gaga Nabs Editor of the Year at Fashion Los Angeles Awards|date=March 21, 2016|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|last1=Krauser|first1=Emily|accessdate=March 24, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326020125/http://www.etonline.com/news/184867_lady_gaga_nabs_editor_of_the_year_at_fashion_los_angeles_awards/|archivedate=March 26, 2016}}</ref> [[File:Lady Gaga JWT Toronto, 2017-09-06 (cropped2).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Gaga performing on the [[Joanne World Tour]] in 2017|alt=Lady Gaga standing behind a microphone stand with a pink guitar in her hands, wearing black leather fringe.]] In 2016, Gaga sang the [[The Star-Spangled Banner|US national anthem]] in February at [[Super Bowl 50]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/197906/lady-gaga-wins-rave-reviews-for-national-anthem-before-super-bowl-50|title=Lady Gaga Wins Rave Reviews for National Anthem Before Super Bowl 50|date=February 8, 2016|accessdate=February 11, 2016|publisher=[[ESPN]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211050454/http://espn.go.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/197906/lady-gaga-wins-rave-reviews-for-national-anthem-before-super-bowl-50|archivedate=February 11, 2016}}</ref> partnered with [[Intel]] and [[Nile Rodgers]] for a tribute performance to the late David Bowie at the [[58th Annual Grammy Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2016/02/lady-gaga-to-perform-david-bowie-tribute-at-grammys.html|title=Lady Gaga Will Perform a David Bowie Tribute at Grammys|last=Lockett|first=Dee|date=February 2, 2016|accessdate=February 14, 2016|publisher=Vulture.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209003758/http://www.vulture.com/2016/02/lady-gaga-to-perform-david-bowie-tribute-at-grammys.html|archivedate=February 9, 2016}}</ref> and sang "Til It Happens to You" at the [[88th Academy Awards]], where she was introduced by [[Joe Biden]] and was accompanied on-stage by 50 people who had suffered from sexual assault.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lynch|first=Joe|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/oscars/6890573/2016-oscars-musical-performances-ranked|title=2016 Oscars: Ranking the Musical Performances|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=February 29, 2016|date=February 29, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301095629/http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/oscars/6890573/2016-oscars-musical-performances-ranked|archivedate=March 1, 2016}}</ref> She was honored that April with the Artist Award at the Jane Ortner Education Awards by [[The Grammy Museum]], which recognizes artists who have demonstrated passion and dedication to education through the arts.<ref name="Gardner">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gaga-be-honored-by-861971|title=Lady Gaga To Be Honored By Grammy Museum|work=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Gardner|first=Chris|date=February 4, 2016|accessdate=February 4, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205092622/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gaga-be-honored-by-861971|archivedate=February 5, 2016}}</ref> Her engagement to Taylor Kinney ended in July; she later said her career had interfered with their relationship.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3035684/lady-gaga-taylor-kinney-relationship-doc/|title=Lady Gaga Says Her Success Led To Her Breakup With Taylor Kinney|first=Emilee|last=Lindner|publisher=MTV News|date=September 12, 2017|accessdate=November 19, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930041349/http://www.mtv.com/news/3035684/lady-gaga-taylor-kinney-relationship-doc/|archivedate=September 30, 2017}}</ref> Gaga played a witch named [[Scáthach|Scathach]] in ''[[American Horror Story: Roanoke]]'', the series' sixth season,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/reviews/a18107/american-horror-story-season-6-episode-4-recap/|title=8 Things We Learned From 'American Horror Story: Roanoke' Chapter 4|last=Diblin|first=Emma|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 13, 2016|work=Harper's Bazaar|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013224158/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/reviews/a18107/american-horror-story-season-6-episode-4-recap/|archivedate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> which ran from September to November 2016.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Snetiker|first1=Marc|title=American Horror Story 6 premiere recap: 'Chapter 1'|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=September 15, 2016|url=http://www.ew.com/recap/american-horror-story-season-6-premiere|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226222323/http://ew.com/recap/american-horror-story-season-6-premiere/|archivedate=December 26, 2016|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Stedman|first1=Alex|title='American Horror Story' Season Finale Recap: 'Chapter 10' Reveals the True Survivor of 'Roanoke'|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=November 16, 2016|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/american-horror-story-roanoke-finale-recap-season-6-episode-10-1201920109/|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220190137/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/american-horror-story-roanoke-finale-recap-season-6-episode-10-1201920109/|archivedate=December 20, 2016|df=|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> Her role in the fifth season of the show ultimately influenced her future music, prompting her to feature "the art of darkness".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/08/27/lady-gaga-american-horror-story-music|title=Lady Gaga Says American Horror Story Experience Will 'Inform' Her Upcoming Music|last=Stack|first=Tim|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 27, 2015|accessdate=August 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828133408/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/08/27/lady-gaga-american-horror-story-music|archivedate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> In September 2016, she released her fifth album's lead single, "[[Perfect Illusion]]", which topped the charts in France and reached number 15 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga Joanne release date: New album will be out Oct. 21|url=http://ew.com/article/2016/09/15/lady-gaga-joanne-release-date/|first=Allison|last=Sadlier|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=September 15, 2016|accessdate=November 12, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113114728/http://ew.com/article/2016/09/15/lady-gaga-joanne-release-date/|archivedate=November 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lescharts.com – Lady Gaga – Perfect Illusion|url=https://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Perfect+Illusion&cat=s|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=October 15, 2018|language=French|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015000047/https://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Perfect+Illusion&cat=s|archivedate=October 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name=SuperBowlResult>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7686444/hot-100-ed-sheeran-shape-of-you-lady-gaga-million-reasons|title=Ed Sheeran's 'Shape' Tops Hot 100, Lady Gaga's 'Reasons' Returns at No. 4|first=Gary|last=Trust|magazine=Billboard|date=February 13, 2017|accessdate=February 13, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213221900/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7686444/hot-100-ed-sheeran-shape-of-you-lady-gaga-million-reasons|archivedate=February 13, 2017}}</ref> The album, titled ''[[Joanne (album)|Joanne]]'', was named after Gaga's late aunt, who was an inspiration for the music.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Redfearn|first=Dominique|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7511076/lady-gaga-joanne-story-behind-album-title|title=Who Is Joanne? Behind Lady Gaga's New Album Title|magazine=Billboard|date=September 15, 2016|accessdate=October 15, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009204449/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7511076/lady-gaga-joanne-story-behind-album-title|archivedate=October 9, 2016}}</ref> It was released on October 21, 2016, and became Gaga's fourth number one album on the ''Billboard'' 200, making her the first woman to reach the US chart's summit four times in the 2010s.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7557828/lady-gaga-scores-her-fourth-no-1-album-on-billboard-200-chart-joanne|title=Lady Gaga Scores Her Fourth No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Joanne'|first=Keith|last=Caulfield|date=October 30, 2016|accessdate=October 30, 2016|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030194903/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7557828/lady-gaga-scores-her-fourth-no-1-album-on-billboard-200-chart-joanne|archivedate=October 30, 2016}}</ref> The album's second single, "[[Million Reasons]]", followed the next month and reached number four in the US.<ref name=SuperBowlResult/><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/article/2016/11/07/kelsea-ballerini-lady-gaga-million-reasons-cover/|title=Kelsea Ballerini covers Lady Gaga's Million Reasons|last=Nolfi|first=Joey|date=November 7, 2016|accessdate=August 3, 2017|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803125851/http://ew.com/article/2016/11/07/kelsea-ballerini-lady-gaga-million-reasons-cover/|archivedate=August 3, 2017}}</ref> She later released a piano version of the album's [[Joanne (Lady Gaga song)|title track]] in 2018,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8096248/lady-gaga-joanne-piano-version-music-video-teaser-lupus-donation|title=Lady Gaga Teases Music Video For New Piano Version of 'Joanne,' Donates to Lupus Research|last=Rice|first=Nicholas|date=January 25, 2018|work=Billboard|accessdate=January 28, 2018|deadurl=no}}</ref> which won a [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance|Grammy for Best Pop Solo Performance]].<ref name="2019Grammys"/> To promote the album, Gaga embarked on the three-date [[Bud Light x Lady Gaga Dive Bar Tour|Dive Bar Tour]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=McIntyre|first=Hugh|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/10/02/15171/|title=Lady Gaga Is Going On Tour To Dive Bars Across America|magazine=[[Forbes]]|date=October 2, 2016|accessdate=October 7, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006205319/http://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/10/02/15171/|archivedate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Gaga performed as the headlining act during the [[Super Bowl LI halftime show]] on February 5, 2017. Her performance featured a group of hundreds of lighted drones forming various shapes in the sky above Houston's [[NRG Stadium]]—the first time robotic aircraft appeared in a Super Bowl program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/02/05/lady-gaga-super-bowl-halftime-show-to-feature-hundreds-drones-in-aerial-light-show.html|title=Lady Gaga Super Bowl halftime show to feature hundreds of drones in aerial light show|date=February 5, 2017|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|accessdate=June 8, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519045714/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/02/05/lady-gaga-super-bowl-halftime-show-to-feature-hundreds-drones-in-aerial-light-show.html|archivedate=May 19, 2017}}</ref> It attracted 117.5 million viewers in the United States, exceeding the game's total of 113.3 million viewers.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Super Bowl LI Pulls in 111.3 Million Viewers on Fox, Shy of 2015 Ratings Record|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/super-bowl-li-ratings-patriots-falcons-24-1201978629/|magazine=Variety|date=February 6, 2017|deadurl=yes|first=Oriana|last=Schwindt|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206140641/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/super-bowl-li-ratings-patriots-falcons-24-1201978629/|archivedate=February 6, 2017|df=}}</ref> The performance led to a surge of 410,000 song downloads in the United States for Gaga and earned her an [[Emmy Award|Emmy]] nomination in the [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program|Outstanding Special Class Program]] category.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga's Super Week: Her Sales & Streaming Gains After the Big Game|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7694020/lady-gaga-super-bowl-sales-streaming-gains-songs-albums|accessdate=February 16, 2017|magazine=Billboard|date=February 16, 2017|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|last2=Trust|first2=Gary|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216154053/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7694020/lady-gaga-super-bowl-sales-streaming-gains-songs-albums|archivedate=February 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refinery29.com/2017/07/163326/lady-gaga-2017-emmys-superbowl-halftime-show|title=Lady Gaga's Super Bowl Performance Casually Rakes In Six Emmy Noms|last=Rhiannon|first=Alexis|date=July 14, 2017|accessdate=July 19, 2017|publisher=[[Refinery29]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714020215/http://www.refinery29.com/2017/07/163326/lady-gaga-2017-emmys-superbowl-halftime-show|archivedate=July 14, 2017}}</ref> [[CBS Sports]] included her performance as the second best in the history of Super Bowl halftime shows.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Peterson|first1=Nate|title=2018 Super Bowl halftime show: Ranking every performance, from Prince to Coldplay|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2018-super-bowl-halftime-show-ranking-every-performance-from-prince-to-coldplay/|publisher=[[CBS Sports]]|accessdate=February 4, 2018|date=February 4, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204183142/https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2018-super-bowl-halftime-show-ranking-every-performance-from-prince-to-coldplay/|archivedate=February 4, 2018}}</ref> In April, Gaga headlined the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]].<ref name="Coachella">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7709328/how-coachella-booked-lady-gaga-beyonce-reaction-inside-story|title=How Coachella Gained Lady Gaga After Losing Beyonce|magazine=Billboard|first=Dave|last=Brooks|date=March 2, 2017|accessdate=March 2, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302205129/http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7709328/how-coachella-booked-lady-gaga-beyonce-reaction-inside-story|archivedate=March 2, 2017}}</ref> She also released a standalone-single, "[[The Cure (song)|The Cure]]", which reached the top 10 in Australia.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/watch-lady-gaga-debut-new-single-the-cure-at-coachella-w477048|title=Watch Lady Gaga Debut Surprise New Single 'The Cure' at Coachella|magazine=Rolling Stone|first=Daniel|last=Kreps|date=April 16, 2017|accessdate=June 8, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517095010/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/watch-lady-gaga-debut-new-single-the-cure-at-coachella-w477048|archivedate=May 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Australian-charts.com – Lady Gaga – The Cure|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=The+Cure&cat=s|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=November 7, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924001702/http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=The+Cure&cat=s|archivedate=September 24, 2017}}</ref> In August, Gaga began the [[Joanne World Tour]], which she announced after the Super Bowl LI halftime show.<ref name=tickets>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/lady-gaga-announces-joanne-world-tour-after-hit-packed-super-bowl-halftime-show__18097/|title=Lady Gaga announces Joanne world tour after hit-packed Super Bowl Halftime Show|publisher=Official Charts Company|first=Rob|last=Copsey|date=February 6, 2016|accessdate=February 6, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185158/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/lady-gaga-announces-joanne-world-tour-after-hit-packed-super-bowl-halftime-show__18097/|archivedate=February 6, 2017|df=}}</ref> Gaga's creation of ''Joanne'' and preparation for her halftime show performance were featured in the documentary ''[[Gaga: Five Foot Two]]'', which premiered on [[Netflix]] in September.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaufman|first1=Amy|title=Lady Gaga's five most revealing moments in the Netflix documentary 'Gaga: Five Foot Two'|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-toronto-lady-gaga-five-foot-two-20170908-story.html|accessdate=October 27, 2017|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 8, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027232540/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-toronto-lady-gaga-five-foot-two-20170908-story.html|archivedate=October 27, 2017}}</ref> Throughout the film, she was seen suffering from [[chronic pain]], which was later revealed to be the effect of a long-term condition called [[fibromyalgia]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gonzalez|first=Sandra|title=Lady Gaga will open up about fight with chronic illness in Netflix documentary|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/12/entertainment/lady-gaga-fibromyalgia/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=September 13, 2017|accessdate=September 15, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914141100/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/12/entertainment/lady-gaga-fibromyalgia/index.html|archivedate=September 14, 2017}}</ref> It resulted in Gaga canceling the last ten shows of the Joanne World Tour, which ultimately grossed $95&nbsp;million from 842,000 tickets sold.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Kreps|first1=Daniel|title=Lady Gaga Cancels Remainder of Joanne World Tour Due to 'Severe Pain'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-cancels-remainder-of-world-tour-due-to-severe-pain-w516312|accessdate=February 4, 2018|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=February 3, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204050645/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-cancels-remainder-of-world-tour-due-to-severe-pain-w516312|archivedate=February 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Allen|first1=Bob|title=Lady Gaga's Joanne World Tour Final Numbers: $95 Million Earned & 842,000 Tickets Sold|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8099986/lady-gaga-joanne-world-tour-final-numbers|accessdate=February 25, 2018|magazine=Billboard|date=February 15, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216123848/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8099986/lady-gaga-joanne-world-tour-final-numbers|archivedate=February 16, 2018}}</ref> ===2018–present: ''A Star Is Born'', Enigma, and upcoming sixth studio album=== [[File:TIFF 2018 Lady Gaga (1 of 1) (cropped 2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=A picture of Lady Gaga in a burgundy one shoulder dress, looking to the right.|Gaga at the [[2018 Toronto International Film Festival]] prior to the screening of ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|A Star Is Born]]'']] In March 2018, Gaga supported the [[March for Our Lives]] gun-control rally in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8259218/jennifer-lopez-jimmy-fallon-lady-gaga-sponsor-buses-to-march-for-our-lives-gun-control-violence|title=Jennifer Lopez, Jimmy Fallon, Lady Gaga Sponsor Buses to March for Our Lives|first=Katie|last=Kilkenny|magazine=Billboard|date=March 24, 2018|accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> and released a cover of [[Elton John]]'s "[[Your Song]]" for his tribute album ''[[Revamp & Restoration#Revamp|Revamp]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kreps|first1=Daniel|title=Hear Lady Gaga's Powerful Take on Elton John's 'Your Song'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-lady-gagas-powerful-take-on-elton-johns-your-song-w518545|accessdate=March 30, 2018|work=Rolling Stone|date=March 30, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330164158/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-lady-gagas-powerful-take-on-elton-johns-your-song-w518545|archivedate=March 30, 2018|deadurl=no}}</ref> Later that year, she starred as a struggling singer named Ally in [[Bradley Cooper]]'s critically acclaimed musical romantic drama ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|A Star Is Born]]'', a remake of the [[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|1937 film of the same name]]. The film follows Ally's relationship with singer Jackson Maine (played by Cooper), which becomes strained after her career begins to overshadow his.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_star_is_born_2018/|title=''A Star Is Born'' (2018)|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=October 15, 2018}}</ref> Cooper approached Gaga after seeing her perform at a cancer research fundraiser; a fan of Cooper's work, Gaga agreed to the project due to its portrayal of addiction and depression.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Star Is Born': Our intimate conversation with Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/08/31/a-star-is-born-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-interview/|accessdate=August 31, 2018|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Tailor|first1=Leena|title=How Lady Gaga Conquered Music, Fashion and Film in Just a Decade|url=https://www.etonline.com/how-lady-gaga-conquered-music-fashion-and-film-fall-preview-106993|accessdate=September 4, 2018|magazine=Entertainment Tonight|date=September 4, 2018}}</ref> ''A Star Is Born'' premiered at the [[75th Venice International Film Festival]] in August 2018, and was released worldwide in October.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Venice: Lady Gaga on Bradley Cooper Bringing Out Her 'Vulnerability' for 'A Star Is Born'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gaga-acting-debut-bradley-coopers-a-star-is-born-venice-film-festival-1138897|accessdate=August 31, 2018|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 31, 2018|first=Scott|last=Roxborough}}</ref> [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' described it as "outrageously watchable" and wrote that "Gaga's ability to be part ordinary person, part extraterrestrial celebrity empress functions at the highest level".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bradshaw|first1=Peter|title=A Star Is Born review – Lady Gaga mesmerises in Streisand's shoes|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/31/a-star-is-born-review-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper|accessdate=August 31, 2018|work=The Guardian|date=August 31, 2018}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'s}} [[Stephanie Zacharek]] similarly highlighted her "knockout performance" and found her "charismatic" without her usual makeup, wigs and costumes.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga Delivers a Knockout Performance in 'A Star Is Born'|url=http://time.com/5382763/a-star-is-born-review/|accessdate=August 31, 2018|magazine=Time|date=August 31, 2018|authorlink=Stephanie Zacharek|first=Stephanie|last=Zacharek}}</ref> Alongside her nominations for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe Award]] and a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role|Screen Actors Guild]] for Best Actress, Gaga received the [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress|Critics' Choice]] and [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|National Board of Review]] awards for the role.<ref name="a star is born awards and nominations">Awards and nominations for ''A Star Is Born'': *Academy Awards: {{cite news|last=Macke|first=Johnni|title=Oscars 2019 Winners: The Complete List|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1014844/oscars-2019-winners-the-complete-list|accessdate=February 25, 2019|publisher=[[E! News]]|date=February 24, 2019}} *BAFTA Awards: {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jan/09/the-full-list-of-nominations-for-the-baftas-2019|title=The full list of nominations for the Baftas 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|date=January 9, 2019|accessdate=January 9, 2019}} *Critics' Choice Awards: {{cite magazine|last=Tapley|first=Kristopher|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/awards/2019-critics-choice-awards-winners-nominees-full-list-1203106702/|title='Roma,' 'The Americans' and 'The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel' Win Top Critics' Choice Honors|magazine=Variety|date=January 13, 2019|accessdate=January 14, 2019}} *Golden Globe Awards: {{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2019-golden-globes-winners-list-1172257/item/best-motion-picture-drama-1165128|title=2019 Golden Globes Winners: Complete List|date=January 6, 2019|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=January 7, 2019}} *National Board of Review Awards: {{cite web|url=http://www.nationalboardofreview.org/2018/11/national-board-review-announces-2018-award-winners/|title=National Board of Review Announces 2018 Award Winners|date=November 27, 2018|website=[[National Board of Review]]|accessdate=December 1, 2018}} *Screen Actors Guild Awards: {{cite web|last=Nordyke|first=Kimberly|title=SAG Awards: Full List of Nominations|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2019-sag-nominations-complete-list-1166352|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 12, 2018|accessdate=December 12, 2018}}</ref> Gaga and Cooper co-wrote and produced most of the songs on the [[A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)|soundtrack for ''A Star Is Born'']], which she insisted they perform live in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hughes|first1=Hilary|title=Bradley Cooper Calls Lady Gaga's 'A Star Is Born' Performance 'A Revelation'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8363332/bradley-cooper-interview-a-star-is-born-lady-gaga-tribeca-film-festival|accessdate=September 4, 2018|work=Billboard|date=April 21, 2018}}</ref> Its lead single, "[[Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)|Shallow]]", performed by the two, was released in September<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gotrich|first1=Lars|title=Hear 'Shallow,' Lady Gaga's Slow-Burning Power Ballad From 'A Star Is Born'|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/27/652124946/hear-shallow-lady-gaga-s-slow-burning-power-ballad-from-a-star-is-born|publisher=NPR|date=September 27, 2018|accessdate=October 9, 2018}}</ref> and has reached number one in several countries including the United States.<ref>Australia: {{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/2018/lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-hit-1-with-shallow|title=Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper hit #1 with Shallow|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|date=October 27, 2018|accessdate=October 27, 2018}}<br>Austria: {{cite web|url=https://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga+%26+Bradley+Cooper&titel=Shallow&cat=s|title=Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper – Shallow|publisher=austriancharts.at. Hung Medien|language=German|accessdate=October 31, 2018}}<br>Ireland: {{cite web|last1=White|first1=Jack|title=Official Irish Singles Chart: Lady Gaga scores her sixth Irish Number 1 single with Bradley Cooper duet Shallow|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/official-irish-singles-chart-lady-gaga-scores-her-sixth-irish-number-1-single-with-bradley-cooper-duet-shallow__24432/|publisher=Official Charts Company|date=October 12, 2018|accessdate=October 13, 2018}}<br>New Zealand: {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4547|title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=November 5, 2018|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}<br>Sweden: {{cite web|url=https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga+%26+Bradley+Cooper&titel=Shallow&cat=s|title=Swedishcharts.com – Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper – Shallow|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=November 5, 2018}}<br>Switzerland: {{cite web|title=Hitparade.ch – Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper – Shallow|url=http://swisscharts.com/song/Lady-Gaga-&-Bradley-Cooper/Shallow-1799181|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=October 16, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016212312/http://swisscharts.com/song/Lady-Gaga-%26-Bradley-Cooper/Shallow-1799181|archivedate=October 16, 2018}}<br>UK: {{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-score-the-official-chart-double-as-shallow-becomes-gagas-fifth-uk-number-1-__24565/|title=Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper score the Official Chart double as Shallow becomes Gaga's fifth UK Number 1|publisher=Official Charts Company|last=Myers|first=Justin|date=October 26, 2018|accessdate=October 26, 2018}}<br>US: {{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8500866/lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-shallow-hot-100-number-one|title=Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper's 'Shallow' Surges to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100, Fueled by Oscars Gains|work=Billboard|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=March 4, 2019|accessdate=March 5, 2019}}</ref> The song earned Gaga an Academy Award, a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Golden Globe Award]], and [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song|Critics' Choice Movie Award]] for Best Original Song,<ref name="a star is born awards and nominations"/> as well as the Grammys for [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance|Best Pop Duo/Group Performance]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written for Visual Media]].<ref name=2019Grammys>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/grammys-2019-winners-live-updating-list-1178567/item/best-song-written-visual-media-1165448|title=2019 Grammy Winners: Complete List|accessdate=February 10, 2019|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 10, 2019}}</ref> The soundtrack contains 34 tracks, including 19 original songs, and received generally positive reviews;<ref>{{cite web|title=A Star Is Born [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack] by Lady Gaga|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/a-star-is-born-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/lady-gaga/details|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=October 15, 2018}}</ref> Mark Kennedy of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' called it a "five-star marvel" and Ben Beaumont-Thomas of ''The Guardian'' termed it an "instant classics full of Gaga's emotional might".<ref name="TWP">{{cite news|last=Kennedy|first=Mark|title=Review: 'A Star Is Born' soundtrack is a five-star marvel|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/review-a-star-is-born-soundtrack-is-a-five-star-marvel/2018/10/04/6956aef2-c7e2-11e8-9c0f-2ffaf6d422aa_story.html|date=October 4, 2018|accessdate=October 15, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005030735/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/review-a-star-is-born-soundtrack-is-a-five-star-marvel/2018/10/04/6956aef2-c7e2-11e8-9c0f-2ffaf6d422aa_story.html|archivedate=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/05/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-review-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper|title=A Star Is Born soundtrack review&nbsp;– instant classics full of Gaga's emotional might|last=Beaumont-Thomas|first=Ben|date=October 5, 2018|accessdate=October 15, 2018|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Gaga received a [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music]] for her work on the album.<ref>{{cite web|title=BAFTA Awards: 'The Favourite' Dominates With 7 Wins, But 'Roma' Claims Top Prize 2019|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/bafta-award-winners-2019-complete-list-1178566|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=February 10, 2019|accessdate=February 10, 2019|df=}}</ref> Commercially, the soundtrack debuted at number one in the US, making Gaga the only woman with five US number one albums in the 2010s, and breaking her tie with [[Taylor Swift]] as the most for any female artist this decade.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|title=Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Soundtrack Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Albums Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8479831/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-no-1-debut-billboard-200|magazine=Billboard|date=October 14, 2018|accessdate=October 15, 2018}}</ref> It additionally topped the charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Switzerland and the UK.<ref>Australia: {{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/2018/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-jumps-to-1|title=A Star Is Born Jumps To #1|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|date=October 27, 2018|accessdate=October 27, 2018}}<br>Canada: {{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/Lady-Gaga/chart-history/canadian-albums|title=Lady Gaga Chart History: Billboard Canadian Albums|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=November 5, 2018}}<br>Ireland: {{cite news|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-a-star-is-born-soundtrack-bests-twenty-one-pilots-for-official-irish-albums-chart-number-1__24433/|title=The A Star Is Born soundtrack bests Twenty One Pilots for Official Irish Albums Chart Number 1|last=White|first=Jack|date=October 12, 2018|accessdate=October 12, 2018|publisher=Official Charts Company}}<br>New Zealand: {{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Lady+Gaga+%2F+Bradley+Cooper&titel=A+Star+Is+Born&cat=a|title=Charts.org.nz – Soundtrack / Lady Gaga / Bradley Cooper – A Star Is Born|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=November 5, 2018}}<br>UK: {{cite news|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/lady-gaga-tops-official-albums-chart-for-fourth-time-thanks-to-a-star-is-born__24436/|title=Lady Gaga tops Official Albums Chart for fourth time thanks to A Star Is Born|last=Myers|first=Justin|date=October 12, 2018|accessdate=October 12, 2018|publisher=Official Charts Company}}</ref> Later that month, Gaga announced her engagement to talent agent Christian Carino whom she had met in early 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/16/entertainment/lady-gaga-engaged/index.html|title=Lady Gaga thanks her 'fiancé' during speech|last=Respers France|first=Lisa|publisher=CNN|date=October 16, 2018|accessdate=October 16, 2018}}</ref> They ended the engagement in February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2019/02/19/lady-gaga-and-christian-carino-call-off-their-engagement/2919698002/|title=Lady Gaga and Christian Carino call off their engagement ahead of the Academy Awards|last=Henderson|first=Cydney|date=February 19, 2019|accessdate=February 19, 2019|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> Gaga signed a two-year residency, named [[Lady Gaga Enigma]], to perform at the [[Monte Carlo Resort and Casino|MGM Park Theater]] in [[Las Vegas]].<ref name="ewenigma">{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/music/2018/08/07/lady-gaga-las-vegas-residency-details/|title=Lady Gaga announces Las Vegas residency show details|last=Nolfi|first=Joel|date=August 7, 2018|accessdate=August 7, 2018|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> The residency consists of two types of shows: Enigma, which focuses on theatricality and includes the singer's biggest hits,<ref>{{cite news|last=Hale|first=Andreas|title=Lady Gaga Delivers the Show She Was Born to Perform With 'Enigma'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8491731/lady-gaga-enigma-opening-night-review|accessdate=January 23, 2019|work=Billboard|date=December 29, 2018}}</ref> and Jazz and Piano, which involves tracks from the [[Great American Songbook]] and stripped-down versions of Gaga's songs. The Enigma residency show opened on December 28, 2018, and the Jazz and Piano show opened on January 20, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wood|first=Mikael|title=Review: In Las Vegas, Lady Gaga solves the problem of 'A Star Is Born'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-lady-gaga-enigma-jazz-piano-las-vegas-review-20190121-story.html|accessdate=January 23, 2019|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=January 21, 2019}}</ref> She has also started working on her sixth studio album,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/music/2017/08/29/lady-gaga-next-album-lg6-interview/|title=Lady Gaga is working on a new album: 'I have a lot of ideas'|last=Noelfi|first=Joel|date=August 29, 2017|accessdate=May 8, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316045638/http://ew.com/music/2017/08/29/lady-gaga-next-album-lg6-interview/|archivedate=March 16, 2018|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> and was seen in recording studios with producers like [[Boys Noize]], [[DJ White Shadow]], [[BloodPop]], and [[Sophie (musician)|Sophie]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8356693/lady-gaga-boys-noize|title=Lady Gaga & Boys Noize Are Working Together in the Studio|last=Bein|first=Kat|date=April 19, 2018|accessdate=May 8, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420182625/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8356693/lady-gaga-boys-noize|archivedate=April 20, 2018|magazine=Billboard}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Dimeglio|first=Mary J.|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8464355/sophie-lady-gaga-collaboration-watch-video|title=Sophie Confirms Rumored Lady Gaga Collaboration: Watch the Video|magazine=Billboard|date=July 8, 2018|accessdate=October 7, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008004940/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8464355/sophie-lady-gaga-collaboration-watch-video|archivedate=October 8, 2018|deadurl=no}}</ref> {{-}} ==Artistry== ===Influences=== {{multiple image|total_width=291|image1=Rebel Heart WTG (3).jpg|image2=David-Bowie Chicago 2002-08-08 photoby Adam-Bielawski-cropped.jpg|footer=Musicians such as Madonna and David Bowie have influenced Gaga.|alt1=A woman with plaited hair, blue eyes and red lipstick wearing a colorful dress and guitar strap.|alt2=A man smiling; he has brown hair and wears a suit jacket and vest, and a white shirt open at the collar. His blue tie is not fastened.}} Gaga grew up listening to artists such as [[Michael Jackson]], [[the Beatles]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Queen (band)|Queen]], [[Bruce Springsteen]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Mariah Carey]], the [[Grateful Dead]], [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Elton John]], [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]] and [[Garbage (band)|Garbage]],<ref name=dharry>{{cite web|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/news/a771/lady-gaga-interviews-debbie-harry-blondie-0911/|title=Blonde On Blonde: Lady Gaga Interviews Debbie Harry|first=Stefani|last=Germanotta|work=Harper's Bazaar|date=August 5, 2011|accessdate=November 23, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124204710/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/news/a771/lady-gaga-interviews-debbie-harry-blondie-0911/|archivedate=November 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-06-23/entertainment/michael.jackson.fashion_1_michael-jackson-jackson-s-book-lady-gaga?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ|work=CNN|title=Michael Jackson's style influence lives on|date=June 23, 2010|accessdate=December 6, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216080706/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-06-23/entertainment/michael.jackson.fashion_1_michael-jackson-jackson-s-book-lady-gaga?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ | archive-date=December 16, 2012 | dead-url=yes}}</ref> who have all influenced her music.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vena|first1=Jocelyn|title=Lady Gaga Reveals One Question 'Changed My Life' In MTV Special|publisher=MTV|date=May 20, 2011|accessdate=November 24, 2017|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1664258/lady-gaga-trailer/|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201055620/http://www.mtv.com/news/1664258/lady-gaga-trailer/|archivedate=December 1, 2017}}</ref><ref name="She's The Greatest Of All Time">{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga on Whitney Houston: 'she's the greatest of all time'|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/03/19/lady-gaga-on-whitney-houston-shes-the-greatest-of-all-time|date=March 19, 2012|accessdate=March 19, 2012|first=Up|last=Rap|work=[[Rap-Up]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005650/http://www.rap-up.com/2012/03/19/lady-gaga-on-whitney-houston-shes-the-greatest-of-all-time/|archivedate=March 22, 2012}}</ref> Gaga's musical inspiration varies from [[dance-pop]] singers such as [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists such as David Bowie and [[Freddie Mercury]], as well as the theatrics of the [[pop art]]ist Andy Warhol and her own performance roots in musical theater.<ref name="Allmusic bio" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga's direct line to Andy Warhol|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/lostinshowbiz/2010/sep/09/lady-gaga-andy-warhol|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Alexis|last=Petridis|date=September 9, 2010|accessdate=November 27, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213210457/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/lostinshowbiz/2010/sep/09/lady-gaga-andy-warhol|archivedate=February 13, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|title=Lady GaGa: 'I was inspired by musical theatre'|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a320549/lady-gaga-i-was-inspired-by-musical-theatre/|work=Digital Spy|date=May 20, 2011|accessdate=November 27, 2011|first=Jennifer|last=Still|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204102131/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a320549/lady-gaga-i-was-inspired-by-musical-theatre/|archivedate=February 4, 2016}}<br>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/sep/06/lady-gaga-popandrock|title=Soundtrack of my life: Lady Gaga|newspaper=The Guardian|last=Thomson|first=Graeme|date=September 6, 2009|accessdate=May 6, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922011757/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/sep/06/lady-gaga-popandrock|archivedate=September 22, 2013}}</ref> She has been compared to Madonna, who has said that she sees herself reflected in Gaga.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madonna Talks Divorce, Lady Gaga & Being A 'Geek' In High School|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/articles/madonna-talks-divorce-lady-gaga-being-a-geek-in-high-school-77399/|work=[[Access Hollywood]]|date=October 14, 2009|accessdate=November 27, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126142146/http://www.accesshollywood.com/articles/madonna-talks-divorce-lady-gaga-being-a-geek-in-high-school-77399/|archivedate=January 26, 2016}}</ref> Gaga says that she wants to revolutionize pop music as Madonna has.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+FEAR+FACTOR%3B+Lady+Gaga+used+tough+times+as+inspiration+for+her...-a0213005824|last=Dingwall|first=John|title=The Fear Factor; Lady Gaga used tough times as inspiration for her new album|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|pages=48–49|date=November 27, 2009|accessdate=August 8, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525134735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+FEAR+FACTOR;+Lady+Gaga+used+tough+times+as+inspiration+for+her...-a0213005824|archivedate=May 25, 2012}}</ref> Gaga has also cited heavy metal bands as an influence, including [[Iron Maiden]] and [[Black Sabbath]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga: 'Iron Maiden changed my life'|url=http://www.nme.com/news/music/lady-gaga-347-1286406|last=Pearsons|first=Katie|magazine=NME|date=May 27, 2011|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2577785/lady-gaga-black-sabbath/|title=Lady Gaga: Huge Black Sabbath Fan?|date=February 5, 2010|accessdate=June 22, 2017|publisher=MTV News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810010912/http://www.mtv.com/news/2577785/lady-gaga-black-sabbath/|archivedate=August 10, 2016}}</ref> She credits Beyoncé as a key inspiration to pursue a musical career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Montgomery|first1=James|title=Lady Gaga Recalls Beyoncé's Inspiration in MTV's 'Inside the Outside'|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1664720/lady-gaga-beyonce-inside-the-outside/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=August 16, 2017|date=May 27, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701234149/http://www.mtv.com/news/1664720/lady-gaga-beyonce-inside-the-outside/|archivedate=July 1, 2017}}</ref> Gaga was inspired by her mother to be interested in fashion, which she now says is a major influence and integrated with her music.<ref name="mtv 55" /><ref name="timesonline2">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5746827.ece|title=Lady Gaga: ready for her close-up|first=Ruby|last=Warrington|work=The Sunday Times|date=February 22, 2009|accessdate=February 22, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517105414/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5746827.ece|archivedate=May 17, 2011}}</ref> Stylistically, Gaga has been compared to [[Leigh Bowery]], [[Isabella Blow]], and [[Cher]];<ref name="ourladyvogue">{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga: Our Lady of Pop|url=http://www.vogue.com/865458/lady-gaga-our-lady-of-pop/|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|first=Jonathan|last=Van Meter|date=February 10, 2011|accessdate=November 26, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926092122/http://www.vogue.com/865458/lady-gaga-our-lady-of-pop|archivedate=September 26, 2014}}</ref><ref name="cherfashionsense">{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Says Cher's Outfits Inspired Her Own Crazy Style|url=http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2011/9/26/lady-gaga-says-chers-outfits-inspired-her-own-crazy-style.html|publisher=[[ABC News Radio]]|first=Andrea|last=Dresdale|date=September 26, 2011|accessdate=November 7, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017053916/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2011/9/26/lady-gaga-says-chers-outfits-inspired-her-own-crazy-style.html|archivedate=October 17, 2013}}</ref> she once commented that as a child, she absorbed Cher's fashion sense and made it her own.<ref name="cherfashionsense" /> She considers [[Donatella Versace]] her [[muse]] and the English fashion designer [[Alexander McQueen]] as an inspiration.<ref name="comeparty" /><ref name="Times Online.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5325327.ece|title=Lady GaGa: the future of pop?|last=Hattie|first=Collins|date=December 14, 2008|work=The Sunday Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517105434/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5325327.ece|archivedate=May 17, 2011|deadurl=yes}}</ref> In turn, Versace calls Lady Gaga "the fresh Donatella".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/designers-dish-a-conversation-donatella-687850|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=June 24, 2014|title=Designer's dish: A Conversation With Donatella Versace|first=Merle|last=Ginsberg|date=March 20, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720044400/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/designers-dish-a-conversation-donatella-687850|archivedate=July 20, 2014}}</ref> Gaga has also been influenced by [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]], whom she has admired since her childhood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1006/01/lkl.01.html|title=''Larry King Live'' – Interview with Lady Gaga|publisher=CNN|accessdate=March 7, 2014|date=June 1, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017212359/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1006/01/lkl.01.html|archivedate=October 17, 2013}}</ref> Gaga has called the Indian [[alternative medicine]] advocate [[Deepak Chopra]] a "true inspiration",<ref>{{cite news|title=TIME 100: Lady Gaga on Her Biggest Influence|url=http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,81660577001_1986210,00.html|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|accessdate=July 11, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627141423/http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0%2C32068%2C81660577001_1986210%2C00.html|archivedate=June 27, 2015}}</ref> and has also quoted Indian leader [[Rajneesh|Osho]]'s book ''Creativity'' on Twitter. Gaga says she was influenced by Osho's work in valuing rebellion through creativity and equality.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bushan|first1=Nyay|title=Lady Gaga Reveals Love of Books by Indian Philosopher Osho: 'I Am Kind of an Indian Hippie'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gaga-reveals-love-books-254661|accessdate=October 29, 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 28, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029190037/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gaga-reveals-love-books-254661|archivedate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> ===Musical style and themes=== Critics have analyzed and scrutinized Gaga's musical and performance style, as she has experimented with new ideas and images throughout her career. She says the continual reinvention is "liberating" herself, which she has been drawn to since childhood.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga liberated through reinvention|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Lady-Gaga-liberated-through-reinvention/articleshow/9908746.cms?referral=PM|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=September 8, 2011|accessdate=November 27, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214161408/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Lady-Gaga-liberated-through-reinvention/articleshow/9908746.cms?referral=PM|archivedate=February 14, 2016}}</ref> Gaga is a [[contralto]] with a [[vocal range|range]] spanning from [[B♭ (musical note)|B♭₂]] to [[B (musical note)|B₅]].<ref name="Corner">{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/05/lady_gaga_is_so_unusual_--_and.html|title=Lady Gaga is so unusual – and fun! – in a marathon Quicken Loans Arena dance party (Review)|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|date=May 19, 2014|accessdate=November 29, 2017|first=Chuck|last=Yarborough|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523100457/http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/05/lady_gaga_is_so_unusual_--_and.html|archivedate=May 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thevarsity.ca/2013/11/21/album-review-artpop-by-lady-gaga/|title=Album Review: ARTPOP by Lady Gaga|work=[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]|date=November 21, 2013|accessdate=November 29, 2017|first=Iris|last=Robin|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028035944/https://thevarsity.ca/2013/11/21/album-review-artpop-by-lady-gaga/|archivedate=October 28, 2017}}<br>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/20/top-artists-vocal-range_n_5357698.html|title=Comparing The Top Artists, Past And Present, By Vocal Range|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=May 20, 2014|accessdate=May 27, 2014|first=Ryan|last=Kristobak|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525204912/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/20/top-artists-vocal-range_n_5357698.html|archivedate=May 25, 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|Dicker|2017|page=ii}} She has changed her vocal style regularly, and considers ''Born This Way'' "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Doesn't Lip Sync|url=http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/news/article/0,,7709013,00.html|publisher=[[ArtistDirect]]|first=Amy|last=Sciarretto|date=October 21, 2010|accessdate=November 27, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201062432/http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/news/article/0%2C%2C7709013%2C00.html|archivedate=February 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lady GaGa announces next single title|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a303046/lady-gaga-announces-next-single-title/|date=February 10, 2011|accessdate=November 27, 2011|first=Robert|last=Copsey|work=Digital Spy|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212052341/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a303046/lady-gaga-announces-next-single-title/|archivedate=December 12, 2015}}</ref> In summing up her voice, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote: "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga talks early struggles, denies lip-synching, shouts-out Liza Minnelli and Marisa Tomei at Madison Square Garden|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/02/23/lady-gaga-talks-early-struggles-denies-lip-synching-shouts-out-liza-minnelli-and-marisa-tomei-at-madison-square-garden|date=February 23, 2011|accessdate=November 27, 2011|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|first=Christian|last=Blauvelt|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323083810/http://www.ew.com/article/2011/02/23/lady-gaga-talks-early-struggles-denies-lip-synching-shouts-out-liza-minnelli-and-marisa-tomei-at-madison-square-garden|archivedate=March 23, 2015}}</ref> Gaga's songs have been called "depthless" by writer [[Camille Paglia]] in ''[[The Sunday Times]]'',<ref name=paglia>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lady-gaga-and-the-death-of-sex-lnzbcd70zj3|title=Lady Gaga and the death of sex|authorlink=Camille Paglia|last=Paglia|first=Camille|date=September 12, 2010|deadurl=no|work=The Sunday Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016230514/http://www.shakenstir.co.uk/index.php/features/gaga-and-the-death-of-sex/features/20608|archivedate=October 16, 2010|df=}}</ref> but according to Evan Sawdey of ''[[PopMatters]]'', she "does manage to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace".<ref name="popmatters">{{cite web|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/68939-lady-gaga-the-fame/|title=Lady GaGa The Fame|last=Sawdey|first=Evan|date=January 12, 2009|work=[[PopMatters]]|accessdate=April 30, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027182426/http://www.popmatters.com/review/68939-lady-gaga-the-fame/|archivedate=October 27, 2013}}</ref> Gaga believes that "all good music can be played on a piano and still sound like a hit".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady GaGa: 'LP shows songwriting ability'|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a310662/lady-gaga-lp-shows-songwriting-ability/|work=Digital Spy|date=March 23, 2011|accessdate=November 27, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Love|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208121031/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a310662/lady-gaga-lp-shows-songwriting-ability/|archivedate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> [[Simon Reynolds]] wrote in 2010, "Everything about Gaga came from [[electroclash]], except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with [[Auto-Tune]] and undergirded with [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]-ish beats."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2010/jan/22/eighties-revival-decade|title=The 1980s revival that lasted an entire decade|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=January 22, 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=January 22, 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60dLrmtpM?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2010/jan/22/eighties-revival-decade|archivedate=August 2, 2011|deadurl=no|authorlink=Simon Reynolds}}</ref> Gaga's songs have covered a wide variety of concepts; ''The Fame'' discusses the lust for stardom, while the follow-up ''The Fame Monster'' expresses fame's dark side through [[paranoia|monster]] metaphors. ''The Fame'' is an electropop and dance-pop album that has influences of 1980s pop and 1990s [[Europop]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/11/entertainment/la-et-picks11-20100811|title=Happening Wednesday: Lady Gaga, Warped Tour and more|date=August 11, 2010|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=July 10, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171630/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/11/entertainment/la-et-picks11-20100811|archivedate=July 14, 2014|deadurl=no}}<br> {{cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_11924085?source=rss_viewed|title=Review: Lady Gaga delivers crazy dance-pop show|last=Harrington|first=Jim|date=March 16, 2009|newspaper=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|accessdate=July 10, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316110243/http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_11924085?source=rss_viewed|archivedate=March 16, 2014|deadurl=no}}<br> {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jan/09/lady-gaga-the-fame|title=Lady Gaga: The Fame|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|date=January 3, 2009|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=May 6, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922145027/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jan/09/lady-gaga-the-fame|archivedate=September 22, 2013|deadurl=no|authorlink=Alexis Petridis}}</ref> whereas ''The Fame Monster'' displays Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky [[ABBA]] [[disco]], and sugary throwbacks like [[Stacey Q]]".<ref name="albumguide">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/lady-gaga/albumguide|title=Lady Gaga: Album Guide|magazine=Rolling Stone|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127103244/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/lady-gaga/albumguide|archivedate=November 27, 2013|deadurl=yes|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> ''Born This Way'' has lyrics in English, French, German, and Spanish and features themes common to Gaga's controversial songwriting such as sex, love, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom, and individualism.<ref name="btwrs">{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga, 'Born This Way'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/editors-picks/lady-gaga-born-this-way-20110520|date=May 20, 2011|deadurl=yes|magazine=Rolling Stone|first=Rob|last=Sheffield|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127103246/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/editors-picks/lady-gaga-born-this-way-20110520|archivedate=November 27, 2013}}</ref> The album explores new genres, such as [[electronic rock]] and [[techno]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Perpetua|first1=Matthew|title=Lady Gaga Says She Loves Springsteen, Won't Do Reality TV|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-says-she-loves-bruce-springsteen-wont-do-reality-tv-20110323|accessdate=October 29, 2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=March 23, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6JFNNYLiY?url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-says-she-loves-bruce-springsteen-wont-do-reality-tv-20110323|archivedate=August 30, 2013}}</ref> The themes in ''Artpop'' revolve around Gaga's personal views of fame, love, sex, [[feminism]], self-empowerment, overcoming addiction, and reactions to media scrutiny.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barker|first1=Andrew|title=Album Review: Lady Gaga, 'Artpop'|url=https://variety.com/2013/music/reviews/album-review-lady-gaga-artpop-1200832867/|accessdate=June 20, 2017|work=Variety|date=November 14, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201184212/http://variety.com/2013/music/reviews/album-review-lady-gaga-artpop-1200832867/|archivedate=February 1, 2017}}</ref> ''Billboard'' describes ''Artpop'' as "coherently channeling R&B, techno, disco and [[rock music]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/5778227/lady-gaga-artpop-track-by-track-review|title=Lady Gaga, 'ARTPOP': Track-By-Track Review|last1=Lipshutz|first1=Jason|date=November 5, 2013|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=June 20, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117021029/http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/5778227/lady-gaga-artpop-track-by-track-review|archivedate=November 17, 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref> With ''Cheek to Cheek'', Gaga dabbled in the jazz genre.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/oct/27/pop-turned-jazz-stars-lady-gaga-annie-lennox|title=Why pop-turned-jazz stars just ain't got that swing|last=Clark|first=Philip|date=October 27, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=May 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211549/http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/oct/27/pop-turned-jazz-stars-lady-gaga-annie-lennox|archivedate=May 4, 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref> ''Joanne'', exploring the genres of country, funk, pop, dance, rock, electronic music and folk, was influenced by her personal life.<ref name="jlg">{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/803141/heartbreak-loss-lust-and-illusion-decoding-lady-gaga-s-emotional-lyrics-from-joanne|title=Heartbreak, Loss, Lust and Illusion: Decoding Lady Gaga's Emotional Lyrics From Joanne|last=Schnurr|first=Samantha|date=October 21, 2016|publisher=E! News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209181457/http://www.eonline.com/news/803141/heartbreak-loss-lust-and-illusion-decoding-lady-gaga-s-emotional-lyrics-from-joanne|archivedate=February 9, 2017|accessdate=November 7, 2017}}</ref> ''A Star Is Born'' contains elements of [[blues rock]], country and [[bubblegum pop]].<ref name="TWP"/> ''Billboard'' says its lyrics are about wanting change, its struggle, love, romance, and bonding, describing the music as "timeless, emotional, gritty and earnest. They sound like songs written by artists who, quite frankly, are supremely messed up but hit to the core of the listener."<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Bliss|first1=Karen|title=Lady Gaga Praises 'A Star Is Born' Co-Star Bradley Cooper's Talents at Toronto Premiere: 'He Sings From His Soul'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8474564/lady-gaga-praises-a-star-is-born-co-star-bradley-cooper-toronto|accessdate=October 18, 2018|magazine=Billboard|date=September 10, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911064138/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8474564/lady-gaga-praises-a-star-is-born-co-star-bradley-cooper-toronto|archivedate=September 11, 2018}}</ref> ===Videos and stage=== {{see also|Lady Gaga videography|List of Lady Gaga live performances|l2=live performances}} [[File:Lady Gaga covered in blood.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Gaga during a "blood soaked" performance in 2010]] Featuring constant costume changes and provocative visuals, Gaga's music videos are often described as short films.{{sfn|Gray II|2012|p=96; 183}} The video for "Telephone" earned Gaga the Guinness World Record for Most Product Placement in a Video.{{sfn|GWR|2014|page=172}} According to author Curtis Fogel, she explores [[Bondage (sexual)|bondage]] and [[sadomasochism]] and highlights prevalent feminist themes. The main themes of her music videos are sex, violence, and power. She calls herself "a little bit of a feminist" and asserts that she is "sexually empowering women".<ref name=ultimatepredator>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Emily Esfahani|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303411604575167821091223394|title=The Pop Singer as Ultimate Predator|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=April 7, 2010|accessdate=February 4, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225130854/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303411604575167821091223394|archivedate=December 25, 2014|subscription=yes}}</ref> Gaga has called herself a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows.{{sfn|Parvis|2010|page=61}} Her performances have been described as "highly entertaining and innovative";{{sfn|Allison|Goethals|2013|p=31}} the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the [[2009 MTV Video Music Awards]] was described as "eye-popping" by MTV News.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1621395/lady-gaga-lets-it-bleed-during-eye-popping-vma-performance/|title=Lady Gaga Lets It Bleed During Eye-Popping VMA Performance|date=September 13, 2009|accessdate=June 18, 2010|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|publisher=MTV News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715042104/http://www.mtv.com/news/1621395/lady-gaga-lets-it-bleed-during-eye-popping-vma-performance/|archivedate=July 15, 2014}}</ref> She continued the blood-soaked theme during The Monster Ball Tour, causing protests in England from family groups and fans in the aftermath of the [[Cumbria shootings]], in which a taxi driver had killed 12 people, then himself.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/fans-protest-lady-gaga-blood-spattered-monster-ball-show-england-shooting-spree-article-1.178622|title=Fans protest Lady Gaga's blood-spattered Monster Ball show in England after shooting spree|last=Roberts|first=Sorya|date=June 3, 2010|accessdate=June 23, 2010|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024030852/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/fans-protest-lady-gaga-blood-spattered-monster-ball-show-england-shooting-spree-article-1.178622|archivedate=October 24, 2012}}</ref> At the [[2011 MTV Video Music Awards]], Gaga appeared in [[drag (clothing)|drag]] as her male [[alter ego]], Jo Calderone, and delivered a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Bends Gender, Minds With VMA Monologue|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1669859/lady-gaga-jo-calderone-video-music-awards/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=September 28, 2011|last=Dinh|first=James|date=September 28, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826174812/http://www.mtv.com/news/1669859/lady-gaga-jo-calderone-video-music-awards/|archivedate=August 26, 2014}}</ref> As Gaga's choreographer and creative director, [[Laurieann Gibson]] provided material for her shows and videos for four years before she was replaced by her assistant [[Richard "Richy" Jackson (choreographer)|Richard Jackson]] in 2014.<ref name="byebyegibson">{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/11/lady-gaga-dismisses-longtime-creative-director-laurieann-gibson.html|first=Gerrick|last=Kennedy|title=Lady Gaga dismisses longtime creative director Laurieann Gibson|work=Los Angeles Times|date=November 14, 2011|accessdate=November 15, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117202815/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/11/lady-gaga-dismisses-longtime-creative-director-laurieann-gibson.html|archivedate=November 17, 2011}}</ref> In an article for ''Billboard'' by Rebecca Schiller in October 2018, the author traced back Gaga's videography from "Just Dance" till the release of ''A Star Is Born''. Schiller noted how, following the ''Artpop'' era, Gaga's stripped-down approach to music was reflected in the clips for the singles from ''Joanne'', taking the example of the music video of lead single "Perfect Illusion" where the singer "[ditched] the elaborate outfits for shorts and a tee-shirt as she performed the song at a desert party". It continued with her performances in the film as well as her stage persona.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8479080/lady-gaga-music-video-evolution|title=Every Lady Gaga Music Video From 2008 to Today: Watch Her Evolution|last=Schiller|first=Rebecca|date=October 10, 2018|accessdate=January 31, 2019|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> {{-}} ==Public image== [[File:Gaga vax at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A wax statue of Lady Gaga.|In 2010, eight wax figures of Gaga were installed at the museum [[Madame Tussauds]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Lipshutz|first1=Jason|title=Lady Gaga's 8 Wax Figures Unveiled at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949491/lady-gagas-8-wax-figures-unveiled-at-madame-tussauds|accessdate=May 16, 2017|magazine=Billboard|date=December 9, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422005617/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949491/lady-gagas-8-wax-figures-unveiled-at-madame-tussauds|archivedate=April 22, 2017}}</ref>|alt=A realistic mannequin of a pale-skinned woman with blonde hair wearing a hat in the design of an old-fashioned telephone]] Public reception of Gaga's music, fashion sense, and persona is polarized. Because of her influence on modern culture, and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the [[University of South Carolina]] has offered a course titled "Lady Gaga and the Sociology of the Fame" since early 2011 with the objective of unraveling "some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of Lady Gaga".<ref name="course">{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga and the sociology of fame: college course|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/lady-gaga-and-the-sociology-of-fame-college-course-2136431.html|accessdate=May 22, 2017|work=[[The Independent]]|date=November 17, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619133707/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/lady-gaga-and-the-sociology-of-fame-college-course-2136431.html|archivedate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> When Gaga met briefly with then-president [[Barack Obama]] at a [[Human Rights Campaign]] fundraiser, he found the interaction "intimidating" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels, making her the tallest woman in the room.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dwyer|first=Devin|title=President Obama Calls Lady Gaga 'A Little Intimidating'|publisher=ABC News|url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/president-obama-calls-lady-gaga-a-little-intimidating/|accessdate=October 2, 2011|date=October 3, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002233037/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/president-obama-calls-lady-gaga-a-little-intimidating/|archivedate=October 2, 2011}}</ref> When interviewed by [[Barbara Walters]] for her annual [[ABC News]] special ''[[Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People|10 Most Fascinating People]]'' in 2009, Gaga dismissed the claim that she is [[intersex]] as an [[urban legend]]. Responding to a question on this issue, she expressed her fondness for [[androgyny]].<ref name="walters">{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9640579|title=Lady Gaga: 'I Love Androgyny'|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=May 3, 2010|last=Walters|first=Barbara|date=December 30, 2009|authorlink=Barbara Walters|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220064447/http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9640579|archivedate=February 20, 2010}}</ref> In a 2010 ''[[Sunday Times]]'' article, Camille Paglia called Gaga "more an identity thief than an erotic taboo breaker, a mainstream manufactured product who claims to be singing for the freaks, the rebellious and the dispossessed when she is none of those".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fynes-Clinton|first1=Jane|title=Gaga's gagging grab for attention|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/lady-gagas-grab-for-attention-enough-to-make-you-gag/news-story/189696b919b9a898b3f446d0cb040945|accessdate=July 12, 2017|work=[[The Courier-Mail]]|date=September 15, 2010}}</ref> Gaga's outlandish fashion sense has also served as an important aspect of her character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/5835339/lady-gagas-influence-can-be-seen-all-over-vma-red-carpet/|title=The Red Carpet Reeks Of Lady Gaga's Influence|first=Tracie|last=Morrissey|accessdate=February 12, 2016|date=August 29, 2011|work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]]}}</ref> During her early career, members of the media compared her fashion choices to those of [[Christina Aguilera]].<ref name="Times Online.co.uk" /> In 2011, 121 women gathered at the [[53rd Annual Grammy Awards|Grammy Awards]] dressed in costumes similar to those worn by Gaga, earning the 2011 Guinness World Record for Largest Gathering of Lady Gaga Impersonators.<ref name="champ">{{cite web|date=May 18, 2011|url=http://www.livescience.com/33288-lady-gagas-world-records.html/|title=The Lady Is a Champ: Lady Gaga Sets Twitter Record|work=[[LiveScience]]|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702233957/http://www.livescience.com/33288-lady-gagas-world-records.html|archivedate=July 2, 2013|df=}}</ref> The [[Global Language Monitor]] named "Lady Gaga" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark "no pants" a close third.<ref name="nopants">{{cite news|last=Silva|first=Horatio|url=http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/04/the-world-according-to-gaga/|title=The World According to Gaga|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 4, 2010|accessdate=April 25, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513234951/http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/04/the-world-according-to-gaga/|archivedate=May 13, 2010}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' put her outfits on its end of the decade "best-of" list, saying that she "brought performance art into the mainstream".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Geier|first=Thom|date=December 11, 2009|title=The 100 Greatest Movies.. Trends That Entertained Us Over The Past 10 Years|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|volume=1079/1080|issue=74|page=84|issn=1049-0434}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' placed Gaga on their All-Time 100 Fashion Icons List, stating: "Lady Gaga is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits&nbsp;... [Gaga] has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, [[Kermit the Frog]] dolls, and raw meat."<ref>{{cite news|title=All-Time 100 Fashion Icons|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2110513,00.html|accessdate=November 21, 2013|work=Time|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208111619/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0%2C29569%2C2110513%2C00.html|archivedate=December 8, 2013}}</ref> Gaga wore a [[Lady Gaga's meat dress|dress made of raw beef]] to the [[2010 MTV Video Music Awards]], which was supplemented by boots, a purse, and a hat also made out of raw beef.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga's meat dress divides opinion|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8001267/Lady-Gagas-meat-dress-divides-opinion.html|date=September 14, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|last=Roberts|first=Laura|work=The Daily Telegraph|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914221630/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8001267/Lady-Gagas-meat-dress-divides-opinion.html|archivedate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Partly awarded in recognition of the dress, ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' named her one of the Best Dressed people of 2010 and ''Time'' named the dress the Fashion Statement of the year.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Neel|first1=Julia|title=Best Dressed Of The Year|magazine=Vogue|date=December 22, 2010|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/best-dressed-list-2010|accessdate=October 29, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106000621/http://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/best-dressed-list-2010|archivedate=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Montgomery|first1=James|title=Lady Gaga's Meat Dress Tops Time's 'Fashion Statement' List|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1654319/lady-gagas-meat-dress-tops-times-fashion-statement-list/|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=October 29, 2017|date=December 15, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174515/http://www.mtv.com/news/1654319/lady-gagas-meat-dress-tops-times-fashion-statement-list/|archivedate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> It attracted the attention of worldwide media; the animal rights organization [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]] found it offensive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Five interpretations of Gaga's meat dress|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11297832|date=September 14, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|first=Denise|last=Winterman|first2=Jon|last2=Kelly|work=BBC News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915042148/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11297832|archivedate=September 15, 2010}}</ref> The meat dress was displayed at the [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]] in 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga's meat dress headed for D.C. museum|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/lady-gagas-meat-dress-headed-for-dc-museum/|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=September 6, 2012|date=August 9, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225081955/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/lady-gagas-meat-dress-headed-for-dc-museum/|archivedate=December 25, 2014}}</ref> and entered the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in September 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga's meat dress enters the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Thursday|url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/09/lady_gagas_vma_meat_dress_ente.html|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|accessdate=December 15, 2015|first=Troy L.|last=Smith|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081143/http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/09/lady_gagas_vma_meat_dress_ente.html|archivedate=December 22, 2015}}</ref> Gaga's fans call her "Mother Monster", and she often refers to them as "Little Monsters", a phrase which she had tattooed on herself in dedication.<ref name="monsters">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/lady-gaga-dedicates-new-monsters-tattoo-fans-article-1.185529|title=Lady Gaga dedicates her new 'Little Monsters' tattoo to her fans|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|accessdate=April 2, 2010|last=Odell|first=Amy|date=February 3, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022210437/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/lady-gaga-dedicates-new-monsters-tattoo-fans-article-1.185529|archivedate=October 22, 2012}}</ref> In his article "Lady Gaga Pioneered Online Fandom Culture As We Know It" for ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'', Jake Hall wrote that Gaga inspired several subsequent fan-branding, such as those of [[Taylor Swift]], [[Rihanna]] and [[Justin Bieber]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hall|first1=Jake|title=Lady Gaga Pioneered Online Fandom Culture As We Know It|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/article/pakq59/lady-gaga-online-fandom-culture-little-monsters|accessdate=April 25, 2018|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Noisey]]|date=September 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002213730/https://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/article/pakq59/lady-gaga-online-fandom-culture-little-monsters|archivedate=October 2, 2017}}</ref> In July 2012, Gaga also co-founded the [[social networking service]] LittleMonsters.com, devoted to her fans.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bort|first=Julie|title=First Looks: Lady Gaga Opens Her Own Social Network To The Public|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/first-looks-lady-gaga-opens-her-own-social-network-to-the-public-2012-7?op=1&IR=T|work=[[Business Insider]]|accessdate=July 10, 2012|date=July 9, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128031916/http://www.businessinsider.com/first-looks-lady-gaga-opens-her-own-social-network-to-the-public-2012-7?op=1&IR=T|archivedate=January 28, 2016}}</ref> According to ''Guinness World Records'', Gaga was the most followed person on [[Twitter]] in 2011, the most followed female pop singer in 2014 and the most powerful pop-star in 2014.<ref name="champ"/><ref>{{cite tweet|user=GWR|number=375628123397951488|date=September 5, 2013|title=GuinnessWorldRecords on Twitter|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}<br>{{cite tweet|user=GWR|number=509765012790181889|date=September 10, 2014|title=@austriamonster Thanks for sharing the news AustriaMonster : ) #gwr60|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' included Gaga on its [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] from 2010 to 2015 and then in 2018 and its list of the [[Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|World's Most Powerful Women]] from 2010 to 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/11/power-women_2010.html|title=Most Powerful Women 2010|work=Forbes|accessdate=June 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712224603/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/11/power-women_2010.html|archivedate=July 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/|title=Power Women|date=May 28, 2014|accessdate=June 29, 2014|work=Forbes|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628182127/http://www.forbes.com/power-women/|archivedate=June 28, 2014}}</ref> She earned $62 million, $90 million, $52 million, $80 million, $33 million, and $59 million from 2010 through 2015 and $50 million in 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/53/celeb-100-10_The-Celebrity-100.html|title=The Celebrity 100|date=June 28, 2010|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=June 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618225749/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/53/celeb-100-10_The-Celebrity-100.html|archivedate=June 18, 2015}}<br> {{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/2011/05/16/lady-gaga-tops-celebrity-100-11.html|title=Lady Gaga Tops Celebrity 100 List|date=May 18, 2011|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=June 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617092801/http://www.forbes.com/2011/05/16/lady-gaga-tops-celebrity-100-11.html|archivedate=June 17, 2015}}<br> {{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/legal-and-management/6141109/beyonce-tops-forbes-celebrity-100-list-springsteen|title=Beyonce Tops Forbes Celebrity 100 List, Springsteen, Calvin Harris Also Make the Cut|last=Stutz|first=Colin|date=June 30, 2014|magazine=Billboard |access-date=May 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013193802/http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/legal-and-management/6141109/beyonce-tops-forbes-celebrity-100-list-springsteen |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |dead-url=no}}<br> {{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2015/06/29/lady-gagas-earnings-59-million-in-2015|title=Lady Gaga's Earnings: $59 Million In 2015|last=Berg|first=Madeline|date=June 29, 2015|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=June 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701102615/http://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2015/06/29/lady-gagas-earnings-59-million-in-2015/|archivedate=July 1, 2015}}<br>{{cite magazine|title=The World's Highest-Paid Celebrities|url=https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/2/#tab:overall|accessdate=October 18, 2018|magazine=Forbes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825012437/https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/3/#tab:overall|archivedate=August 25, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> She was named [[Time 100|one of the most influential people]] in the world by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine in 2010<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1984685,00.html|title=The 2010 TIME 100|magazine=Time|accessdate=December 15, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021915/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0%2C29569%2C1984685%2C00.html|archivedate=July 3, 2015}}</ref> and ranked second in most influential people of the past ten years in a ''Time'' magazine readers' poll in 2013.<ref name="Fusetv">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2013/04/lady-gaga-time-magazine-second-most-influential-icon|title=Lady Gaga Is 'Time' Magazine's Second Most Influential Icon of the Decade|date=April 17, 2013|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=June 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026052950/http://www.fuse.tv/2013/04/lady-gaga-time-magazine-second-most-influential-icon|archivedate=October 26, 2015}}</ref> In March 2012, Gaga was ranked fourth on ''Billboard''{{'}}s list of top moneymakers of 2011 with earnings of $25 million, which included sales from ''Born This Way'' and her Monster Ball Tour.<ref name="billboard">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/list/502623/musics-top-40-money-makers-2012|title=Music's Top 40 Money Makers 2012|date=March 9, 2012|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=November 4, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104093129/http://www.billboard.com/articles/list/502623/musics-top-40-money-makers-2012|archivedate=November 4, 2015}}</ref> The following year, she topped ''Forbes''{{'}} List of Top-Earning Celebs Under 30,<ref name=":1">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/07/22/lady-gaga-tops-forbes-list-of-top-earning-celebrities-under-30/|title=Lady Gaga Tops Forbes' List Of Top-Earning Celebs Under 30|date=July 22, 2013|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=June 29, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731023951/http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/07/22/lady-gaga-tops-forbes-list-of-top-earning-celebrities-under-30/|archivedate=July 31, 2015}}</ref> and in February 2016, the magazine estimated Gaga's net worth to be $275 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2016/02/27/interview-the-man-behind-the-sound-of-gaga-and-his-plans-for-a-lady-gaga-musical-in-london/|title=Interview: The Man Behind The Sound Of Gaga And His Plans For A Lady Gaga Musical In London|last=Thompson|first=Simon|date=February 27, 2016|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=February 27, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301014001/http://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2016/02/27/interview-the-man-behind-the-sound-of-gaga-and-his-plans-for-a-lady-gaga-musical-in-london/|archivedate=March 1, 2016}}</ref> ==Activism== ===Philanthropy=== After declining an invitation to appear on the single "[[We Are the World 25 for Haiti|We Are the World 25]]" (because of rehearsals for her tour) to benefit victims of the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], Gaga donated the proceeds of her January 2010 [[Radio City Music Hall]] concert to the country's reconstruction relief fund.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Explains Her Absence From 'We Are The World' Recording|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1631353/lady-gaga-explains-her-absence-from-we-are-the-world-recording/|date=February 5, 2010|accessdate=January 6, 2011|publisher=MTV News|first=Jocelyn|last=Vena|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513003523/http://www.mtv.com/news/1631353/lady-gaga-explains-her-absence-from-we-are-the-world-recording/|archivedate=May 13, 2014}}</ref> All profits from her online store that day were also donated, and Gaga announced that $500,000 was collected for the fund.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1630614/lady-gaga-says-she-raised-500000-for-haiti-relief/|title=Lady Gaga Says She Raised $500,000 For Haiti Relief|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=January 27, 2010|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=January 6, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020233647/http://www.mtv.com/news/1630614/lady-gaga-says-she-raised-500000-for-haiti-relief/|archivedate=October 20, 2014}}</ref> Hours after the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] hit Japan, Gaga tweeted a link to Japan Prayer Bracelets. All revenue from a bracelet she designed in conjunction with the company was donated to relief efforts;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1659769/japanese-tsunami-bracelet-lady-gaga/|title=Lady Gaga Designs Japanese Tsunami Relief Wristband|date=March 21, 2011|accessdate=March 29, 2011|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|publisher=MTV News|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012120942/http://www.mtv.com/news/1659769/japanese-tsunami-bracelet-lady-gaga/|archivedate=October 12, 2014}}</ref> these raised $1.5&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2011/03/29/today-in-tech-lady-gaga-gives-to-zynga-apple-delaying-iphone-5/|title=Today in Tech: Lady Gaga gives to Zynga, Apple delaying iPhone 5?|last=Mangalindan|first=JP|date=March 29, 2011|accessdate=March 29, 2011|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007102219/http://fortune.com/2011/03/29/today-in-tech-lady-gaga-gives-to-zynga-apple-delaying-iphone-5/|archivedate=October 7, 2014}}</ref> In June 2011, Gaga performed at [[MTV Japan]]'s charity show in [[Makuhari Messe]], which benefited the [[Japanese Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Schwartz|first=Rob|title=Lady Gaga to Appear at MTV Japan Charity Event|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472056/lady-gaga-to-appear-at-mtv-japan-charity-event|date=April 14, 2011|accessdate=April 15, 2011|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509035401/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472056/lady-gaga-to-appear-at-mtv-japan-charity-event|archivedate=May 9, 2013}}</ref> In 2012, Gaga joined the campaign group [[Artists Against Fracking]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/29/yoko-ono-and-sean-lennon-organize-artists-against-fracking|title=Yoko Ono and Sean Lennon Organize Artists Against Fracking|work=The New York Times|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=May 17, 2016|first=Mireya|last=Navarro|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403225438/http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/29/yoko-ono-and-sean-lennon-organize-artists-against-fracking/|archivedate=April 3, 2015}}</ref> That October, [[Yoko Ono]] gave Gaga and four other activists the [[LennonOno Grant for Peace]] in [[Reykjavík]], Iceland.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga Revealed as LennonOno Peace Honoree|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=October 5, 2012|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-identified-as-lennonono-grant-for-peace-honoree-20121005|accessdate=October 29, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173609/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lady-gaga-identified-as-lennonono-grant-for-peace-honoree-20121005|archivedate=October 29, 2017}}</ref> The following month, Gaga pledged to donate $1 million to the American Red Cross to help the victims of [[Hurricane Sandy]]. Gaga also contributes in the fight against [[HIV/AIDS|HIV and AIDS]], focusing on educating young women about the risks of the disease. In collaboration with [[Cyndi Lauper]], Gaga joined forces with [[Make-up Art Cosmetics|MAC Cosmetics]] to launch a line of lipstick under their supplementary cosmetic line, Viva Glam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Going Gaga|url=http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/interviews/lady-gaga-interview|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150800/http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/interviews/lady-gaga-interview|archivedate=February 6, 2010|date=February 2010|accessdate=January 6, 2011|first=Ning|last=Chao|work=Marie Claire}}</ref> Sales have raised more than $202 million to fight HIV and AIDS.<ref name="forbesprofile">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lady-gaga|title=Lady Gaga Profile|work=Forbes|accessdate=October 8, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008201632/http://www.forbes.com/profile/lady-gaga|archivedate=October 8, 2010}}</ref> In April 2016, Gaga joined [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] Joe Biden at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]] to support Biden's [[White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault|It's On Us]] campaign as he traveled to colleges on behalf of the organization, which has seen 250,000 students from more than 530 colleges sign a pledge of solidarity and activism.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7317888/vice-president-joe-biden-its-on-us-initiative-interview-exclusive-lady-gaga-president-obama|first=Isabel|last=González Whitaker|title=Vice President Joe Biden on His It's On Us Initiative to End Sexual Assault on College Campuses and Teaming Up With Lady Gaga: Exclusive|date=May 30, 2016|accessdate=March 30, 2016|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330155722/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7317888/vice-president-joe-biden-its-on-us-initiative-interview-exclusive-lady-gaga-president-obama|archivedate=March 30, 2016}}</ref> Two months later, Gaga attended the [[United States Conference of Mayors|84th Annual US Conference of Mayors]] in Indianapolis where she joined with the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]] to talk about the power of kindness and how to make the world a more compassionate place.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mallenbaum|first=Carly|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/06/26/dalai-lama-lady-gaga/86405868/|title=The Dalai Lama and Lady Gaga got together to chat|date=June 26, 2016|accessdate=June 26, 2016|newspaper=USA Today|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626171710/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/06/26/dalai-lama-lady-gaga/86405868/|archivedate=June 26, 2016}}</ref> Due to her meeting with Dalai Lama, the [[Chinese government]] added Gaga to a list of hostile foreign forces, and Chinese websites and media organizations were ordered to stop uploading or distributing her songs. The [[Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China]] (CCPPD) also issued an order for state-controlled media to condemn this meeting.<ref>{{cite news|title=China 'bans Lady Gaga' after Dalai Lama meeting|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/28/china-lady-gaga-ban-list-hostile-foreign-forces-meeting-dalai-lama|accessdate=June 28, 2016|first=Tom|last=Phillips|newspaper=The Guardian|date=June 28, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628041101/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/28/china-lady-gaga-ban-list-hostile-foreign-forces-meeting-dalai-lama|archivedate=June 28, 2016}}</ref> ===Born This Way Foundation=== {{Main|Born This Way Foundation}} [[File:LadyGagaBornBraveBus.jpg|thumb|Gaga during an event for the [[Born This Way Foundation]] in Europe, 2013|alt=Refer to caption.]] In 2012, Gaga launched the [[Born This Way Foundation]] (BTWF), a non-profit organization that focuses on youth empowerment. It takes its name from her 2011 single and album. Media proprietor [[Oprah Winfrey]], writer Deepak Chopra, and US Secretary of Health and Human Services [[Kathleen Sebelius]] spoke at the foundation's inauguration at [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/506141/oprah-teams-up-with-lady-gaga-for-born-this-way-foundation-launch|title=Oprah Teams Up With Lady Gaga for Born This Way Foundation Launch|magazine=Billboard|date=February 14, 2012|accessdate=July 5, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509034430/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/506141/oprah-teams-up-with-lady-gaga-for-born-this-way-foundation-launch|archivedate=May 9, 2013}}</ref> The foundation's original funding included $1.2 million from Gaga, $500,000 from the MacArthur Foundation, and $850,000 from [[Barneys New York]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/node/95364|title=Lady Gaga Testifies at Harvard on Behalf of Born This Way Foundation|date=February 29, 2012|publisher=[[Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society]]|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref> In July 2012, the BTWF partnered with [[Office Depot]], which donated 25% of the sales, a minimum of $1 million of a series of limited edition back-to-school products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120717005935/en/Office-Depot-Born-Foundation-Connect-Youth-Market|title=Office Depot and Born This Way Foundation Connect with the Youth Market at Highly Anticipated Teen Award Show|publisher=[[Business Wire]]|date=July 17, 2012|accessdate=July 23, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911151118/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120717005935/en/Office-Depot-Born-Foundation-Connect-Youth-Market|archivedate=September 11, 2014}}</ref> The foundation's initiatives have included the "Born Brave Bus" that followed her on tour as a youth drop-in center as an initiative against bullying.<ref>{{cite news|last=Krasny|first=Ros|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ladygaga-bullying-idUSTRE81S29B20120302|title=Lady Gaga lends star wattage to youth empowerment|agency=Reuters|date=March 1, 2012|accessdate=July 5, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208075902/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ladygaga-bullying-idUSTRE81S29B20120302|archivedate=December 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/menace-of-cyber-bullies-1.1273529|title=Menace of cyber bullies|work=[[Cape Argus]]|date=April 11, 2012|accessdate=July 5, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626212752/http://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/menace-of-cyber-bullies-1.1273529|archivedate=June 26, 2012}}</ref> In October 2015, at the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Gaga joined 200 high school students, policy makers, and academic officials, including [[Peter Salovey]], to discuss ways to recognize and channel emotions for positive outcomes.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Yale News|url=http://news.yale.edu/2015/10/25/yale-and-lady-gaga-host-teens-talk-about-emotions|accessdate=October 25, 2015|date=October 25, 2015|title=Yale and Lady Gaga host teens to talk about emotions|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026103450/http://news.yale.edu/2015/10/25/yale-and-lady-gaga-host-teens-talk-about-emotions|archivedate=October 26, 2015}}</ref> In 2016, the foundation partnered with Intel, [[Vox Media]], and ''[[Re/code]]'' to fight online harassment.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6836120/lady-gaga-and-intel-join-forces-to-fight-online-harassment|accessdate=January 8, 2016|date=January 8, 2016|title=Lady Gaga and Intel Join Forces to Fight Online Harassment|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108184631/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6836120/lady-gaga-and-intel-join-forces-to-fight-online-harassment|archivedate=January 8, 2016}}</ref> The sales revenue of the 99th issue of the ''V'' magazine, which featured Gaga and Kinney, was donated to the foundation.<ref name="V mag">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6836129/lady-gaga-taylor-kinney-v-magazine-naked-john-yoko|accessdate=January 8, 2016|date=January 8, 2016|title=Lady Gaga & Taylor Kinney Are Naked & 'Making Love for Peace' on New Mag Cover|magazine=Billboard|first=Jessie|last=Katz|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108184530/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6836129/lady-gaga-taylor-kinney-v-magazine-naked-john-yoko|archivedate=January 8, 2016}}</ref> Gaga and Elton John released the clothing and accessories line Love Bravery at [[Macy's]] in May. 25% of each purchase support Gaga's foundation and the [[Elton John AIDS Foundation]].<ref name="lovebravery">{{cite magazine|first=Phil|last=Wahba|url=http://fortune.com/2016/04/27/macys-lady-gaga-elton-john-love-bravery/|title=Lady Gaga and Elton John Are Teaming Up for a New Line at Macy's|magazine=Fortune|date=April 27, 2016|accessdate=May 1, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430035910/http://fortune.com/2016/04/27/macys-lady-gaga-elton-john-love-bravery/|archivedate=April 30, 2016}}</ref> Gaga partnered with [[Starbucks]] for a week in June 2017 with the "Cups of Kindness" campaign, where the company donated 25 cents from some of the beverages sold to the foundation.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://fortune.com/2017/06/12/lady-gaga-starbucks-special-drinks/|title=Lady Gaga Gets Her Own Line of Drinks at Starbucks|last=Gajanan|first=Mahita|magazine=Fortune|date=June 12, 2017 |access-date=June 12, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612223036/http://fortune.com/2017/06/12/lady-gaga-starbucks-special-drinks/|archivedate=June 12, 2017}}</ref> She also appeared in a video by [[Staples Inc.]] to raise funds for the foundation and DonorsChoose.org.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/see-lady-gaga-surprise-students-as-substitute-teacher-in-psa-w490358|title=See Lady Gaga Surprise Students as Substitute Teacher in PSA|last=Legaspi|first=Althea|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=June 29, 2017 |access-date=July 4, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629071253/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/see-lady-gaga-surprise-students-as-substitute-teacher-in-psa-w490358|archivedate=June 29, 2017}}</ref> On the 2018 [[World Kindness Day]], Gaga partnered with the foundation to bring food and relief to a [[Red Cross]] shelter for people who have been forced to evacuate homes due to the [[2018 California wildfires|California wildfires]]. The foundation also partnered with Starbucks and [[SoulCycle]] to thank California firefighters for their relief work during the crisis. The singer had to previously evacuate her own home during the [[Woolsey Fire]] which spread through parts of Malibu.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8484927/lady-gaga-brings-pizza-disaster-shelter-california-wildfires|title=Lady Gaga Brings Pizza, Coffee and Gift Cards to Disaster Shelter Amid California Fires|last=Bajgrowicz|first=Brooke|magazine=Billboard|date=November 14, 2018|access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> ===LGBT advocacy=== [[File:Lady Gaga DADT.jpg|thumb|left|Gaga speaking against "[[don't ask, don't tell]]", in [[Portland, Maine]], 2010|alt=A woman with blonde hair speaking at a podium into several microphones. She wears large glasses. The background is a series of red and white horizontal stripes.]] As a bisexual woman,{{efn|Gaga says that the song "Poker Face" was about her [[bisexuality]], and she openly speaks about how her past boyfriends were uncomfortable with her sexual orientation.<ref name="rsannual"/>}} Gaga actively supports [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights worldwide]].<ref name="activist">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/11/AR2009101101892_2.html|title=For Gay Activists, The Lady Is a Champ|accessdate=December 12, 2009|last=Zak|first=Dan|date=October 12, 2009|work=The Washington Post|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213182545/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/11/AR2009101101892_2.html|archivedate=February 13, 2011}}</ref> She attributes much of her early success as a mainstream artist to her [[homosexuality|gay]] fans and is considered a gay icon.<ref name="fabmag">{{cite magazine|page=45|volume=54|issue=9|title=Going Gaga|last=Thomas|first=Matt|magazine=[[fab (magazine)|Fab]]|date=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Harrison|first1=Mitchell|title=8 Times Lady Gaga Earned Her 'Gay Icon' Title|url=http://www.billboard.com/photos/7840892/lady-gaga-earned-gay-icon-title|accessdate=August 18, 2017|magazine=Billboard|date=June 22, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728172150/http://www.billboard.com/photos/7840892/lady-gaga-earned-gay-icon-title|archivedate=July 28, 2017}}</ref> Early in her career she had difficulty getting [[airplay|radio airplay]], and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community."<ref name="mtvgayicon">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1610781/lady-gaga-on-success-the-turning-point-for-me-was-the-gay-community/|title=Lady Gaga On Success: 'The Turning Point For Me Was The Gay Community'|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|date=May 7, 2009|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=August 11, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912083347/http://www.mtv.com/news/1610781/lady-gaga-on-success-the-turning-point-for-me-was-the-gay-community/|archivedate=September 12, 2014}}</ref> She thanked FlyLife, a Manhattan-based [[LGBT]] marketing company with whom her label Interscope works, in the liner notes of ''The Fame''.<ref name="thefame">{{cite AV media notes|others=Lady Gaga|title=[[The Fame]]|type=Liner notes|publisher=[[Interscope Records]]|year=2008|id=2726601}}</ref> One of her first televised performances was in May 2008 at the [[NewNowNext Awards]], an awards show aired by the LGBT television network [[Logo (TV channel)|Logo]].<ref name="newnownext">{{cite web|url=http://www.logotv.com/video/franchise.jhtml?ctid=1956|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725053730/http://www.logotv.com/video/franchise.jhtml?ctid=1956|archivedate=July 25, 2010|title=NewNowNext Awards|publisher=[[Logo TV]]|date=May 3, 2008}}</ref> Gaga spoke at the 2009 [[National Equality March]] in Washington in support of the LGBT movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glaad.org/2010/09/13/lady-gaga-a-force-for-national-security|title=Lady Gaga: A Force for National Security|accessdate=January 13, 2016|date=September 13, 2010|first=Matt|last=Kane|publisher=[[GLAAD]]}}</ref> She attended the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards accompanied by four gay and lesbian former members of the [[United States Armed Forces]] who had been unable to serve [[Coming out|openly]] under the US military's "[[don't ask, don't tell]]" policy, which banned open homosexuality in the military.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lady Gaga Goes Political in Maine|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 20, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/us/politics/21gaga.html|last=Zezima|first=Katy|accessdate=September 21, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903073745/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/us/politics/21gaga.html|archivedate=September 3, 2011}}</ref> Gaga urged her fans via YouTube to contact their senators in an effort to overturn the policy. In September 2010, she spoke at a [[Servicemembers Legal Defense Network]]'s rally in [[Portland, Maine]]. Following this event, ''[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'' named her a "fierce advocate" for gays and lesbians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2010/09/21/lady-gaga-weve-found-our-fierce-advocate|title=Gaga: We've Found Our Fierce Advocate|date=September 28, 2010|accessdate=September 21, 2010|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001072534/http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2010/09/21/lady-gaga-weve-found-our-fierce-advocate|archivedate=October 1, 2012}}</ref> Gaga appeared at [[Europride]], an international event dedicated to LGBT pride, in Rome in June 2011. She criticized the poor state of [[LGBT rights in Europe|gay rights in many European countries]] and described gay people as "revolutionaries of love".<ref name="mtvrome2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/lady-gaga/news/lady-gaga-performs-at-europride-in-rome|title=Lady GaGa Performs At EuroPride In Rome|date=June 13, 2011|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=June 20, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225104010/http://www.mtv.co.uk/lady-gaga/news/lady-gaga-performs-at-europride-in-rome|archivedate=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Gaga was ordained as a minister by the [[Universal Life Church Monastery]] so that she could officiate the wedding of two female friends.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/christian-piatt/lady-gaga-ordination_b_1145973.html|title=From Lady Gaga to Rev. Gaga?|last=Piatt|first=Christian|date=December 19, 2011|accessdate=July 11, 2015|work=HuffPost|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712131646/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/christian-piatt/lady-gaga-ordination_b_1145973.html|archivedate=July 12, 2015}}</ref> In June 2016, during a vigil held in Los Angeles for victims of the [[2016 Orlando nightclub shooting|attack at the gay nightclub Pulse]] in Orlando, Gaga read aloud the names of the 49 people killed in the attack, and gave a speech.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7401443/lady-gaga-names-orlando-victims-vigil|title=Lady Gaga Reads Names of Orlando Victims During L.A. Vigil|date=June 14, 2016|accessdate=June 14, 2015|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615121351/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7401443/lady-gaga-names-orlando-victims-vigil|archivedate=June 15, 2016}}</ref> Later that month, Gaga appeared in [[Human Rights Campaign]]'s tribute video to the victims of the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.org/blog/watch-49-celebrities-honor-49-victims-of-orlando-tragedy-in-new-ryan-murphy|title=49 Celebrities Honor 49 Victims of Orlando Tragedy|publisher=Human Rights Campaign|accessdate=June 15, 2017|date=June 29, 2016|first=Jay|last=Brown|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701211701/http://www.hrc.org/blog/watch-49-celebrities-honor-49-victims-of-orlando-tragedy-in-new-ryan-murphy|archivedate=July 1, 2016}}</ref> She has opposed the [[presidency of Donald Trump]] and deplored his military transgender ban.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Weatherby|first1=Taylor|title=Lady Gaga Protests Outside Of Trump Tower After Hillary Clinton Loses Election|magazine=Billboard|date=November 9, 2016|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/politics/7572609/lady-gaga-protests-trump-tower-hillary-clinton-loses-election|accessdate=November 4, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221015335/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/politics/7572609/lady-gaga-protests-trump-tower-hillary-clinton-loses-election|archivedate=February 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Bell|first1=Sadie|title=Lady Gaga has a Message for Trump About His Transgender Military Ban|magazine=Billboard|date=July 26, 2017|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7881161/lady-gaga-trump-transgender-military-ban-twitter|accessdate=November 4, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916000415/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7881161/lady-gaga-trump-transgender-military-ban-twitter|archivedate=September 16, 2017}}</ref> She supported former [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] for president in [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Leight|first1=Elias|title=Lady Gaga: 'Hillary Clinton Is Made of Steel, Is Unstoppable'|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=November 8, 2016|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/lady-gaga-hillary-clinton-is-made-of-steel-is-unstoppable-w449092|accessdate=November 5, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226174303/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/lady-gaga-hillary-clinton-is-made-of-steel-is-unstoppable-w449092|archivedate=February 26, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, a leaked memo from Trump's office revealed that his administration wanted to change the legal definition of sex in order to exclude [[transgender]] Americans. Gaga was one of the many celebrities to call him out and spread the #WontBeErased campaign to her 77 million Twitter followers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/24/politics/transgender-protections-hhs-memo-defining-sex/index.html|title=What it means for the Trump administration to legally define 'sex'|first=Emanuella|last=Grinberg|publisher=CNN|date=October 24, 2018|access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/caitlyn-jenner-stephen-colbert-celebs-slam-trump-lgbtq-proposal-1154459|title=Caitlyn Jenner, Laverne Cox, More Stars Slam Trump's Potential Policy to Roll Back Trans Protections|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 24, 2018|access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref> In January 2019, during one of her Enigma shows, she called out Vice President [[Mike Pence]] for his wife [[Karen Pence]] working at a school where LGBTQ people are turned away.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lady-gaga-slams-mike-karen-pence-worst-representation-christianity-n961241|title=Lady Gaga slams Mike and Karen Pence as 'worst representation' of Christianity|last=Keslen|first=Ben|website=NBC News|date=January 22, 2019|access-date=January 25, 2019}}</ref> ==Impact== [[File:Lady Gaga, ARTPOP Ball Tour, Bell Center, Montréal, 2 July 2014 (60) (14376655959).jpg|thumb|Gaga performing on the [[ArtRave: The Artpop Ball]] tour in 2014|alt=Gaga kneeling down wearing a shiny black upper garment, fishnet stockings and black high-heeled boots. Her hair is pale yellow.]] Gaga was named the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music#L|Queen of Pop]]" in a 2011 ranking by ''Rolling Stone'' (based on record sales and social media metrics), and she ranked fourth in [[VH1]]'s [[The Greatest (TV series)|Greatest Women in Music]] in 2012.<ref name="Molanphy">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/introducing-the-queen-of-pop-20110629|title=Introducing the Queen of Pop|last=Molanphy|first=Chris|date=June 29, 2011|magazine=Rolling Stone|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126095139/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/introducing-the-queen-of-pop-20110629|archivedate=November 26, 2011|deadurl=no|accessdate=November 27, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Greatest Women In Music|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/1238/the-100-greatest-women-in-music/|publisher=[[VH1]]|accessdate=June 20, 2017|date=February 13, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704152832/http://www.vh1.com/news/1238/the-100-greatest-women-in-music/|archivedate=July 4, 2017}}</ref> In 2012, she became a feature of a temporary exhibition ''The Elevated. From the Pharaoh to Lady Gaga'' marking the 150th anniversary of the [[National Museum, Warsaw|National Museum in Warsaw]].<ref name=warsawvoice>{{cite web|title=Those Elevated Ones. From the Pharaoh to Lady Gaga|url=http://www.warsawvoice.pl/baza_wydarzen/wydarzenie.php?layout=nwv&lang=en/24285|work=[[The Warsaw Voice]]|accessdate=February 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705115510/http://www.warsawvoice.pl/baza_wydarzen/wydarzenie.php?layout=nwv&lang=en%2F24285|archivedate=July 5, 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Gaga has been often regarded as a trailblazer for sometimes utilizing controversy to bring attention to various issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://morethanbranding.com/2010/11/13/the-gaga-effect/|title=The Gaga Effect...|date=November 13, 2010|first=María Elena|last=Moré|publisher=More Than Branding|accessdate=February 12, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216080858/http://morethanbranding.com/2010/11/13/the-gaga-effect/|archivedate=February 16, 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Marsico|2012|page=77–78}} Because of ''The Fame''{{'s}} success—it was listed as one of the 100 Greatest Debut Albums of All-Time by ''Rolling Stone'' in 2013<ref>{{cite magazine|title=100 Best Debut Albums of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-debut-albums-of-all-time-20130322/the-fame-19691231|date=March 22, 2013|magazine=Rolling Stone|accessdate=May 22, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421043136/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-debut-albums-of-all-time-20130322/the-fame-19691231|archivedate=April 21, 2017}}</ref>—Gaga is acknowledged as one of the artists who propelled the rise in the popularity of synthpop in the late 2000s and early 2010s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/music/lady-gaga-helps-bring-edm-to-the-masses/article_6ab888b5-5ef6-5cb1-9946-b70556915a5b.html|title=Lady Gaga helps bring EDM to the masses|first=Kevin C.|last=Johnson|work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|date=January 31, 2013|accessdate=February 12, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827131317/http://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/music/lady-gaga-helps-bring-edm-to-the-masses/article_6ab888b5-5ef6-5cb1-9946-b70556915a5b.html|archivedate=August 27, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1675841/lady-gaga-edm/|title=Did Lady Gaga Spark EDM Explosion?|first=Jocelyn|last=Vena|accessdate=February 12, 2016|publisher=MTV News|date=December 12, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310221313/http://www.mtv.com/news/1675841/lady-gaga-edm/|archivedate=March 10, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/07/buy-the-hype-why-electronic-dance-music-really-could-be-the-new-rock/259597/|title=Buy the Hype: Why Electronic Dance Music Really Could Be the New Rock|first=Jonathan|last=Bogart|accessdate=February 12, 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=July 10, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217180548/http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/07/buy-the-hype-why-electronic-dance-music-really-could-be-the-new-rock/259597/|archivedate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> Scott Hardy, Polaroid's CEO, has praised Gaga for inspiring her fans and for her close interactions with them on social media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/celebrity.news.gossip/01/20/lady.gaga.career/|title=Lady Gaga's monster influence|first=Lisa|last=Respers France|accessdate=February 12, 2016|publisher=CNN|date=January 20, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805064255/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/celebrity.news.gossip/01/20/lady.gaga.career/|archivedate=August 5, 2016}}</ref> According to [[Kelefa Sanneh]] of ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "Lady Gaga blazed a trail for truculent pop stars by treating her own celebrity as an evolving art project."<ref>{{cite web|title=Pop for Misfits|first=Kelefa|last=Sanneh|work=[[The New Yorker]]|date=September 28, 2015|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/09/28/pop-for-misfits|accessdate=September 5, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812075817/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/09/28/pop-for-misfits|archivedate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> Including ''Born This Way'' as one of the 50 best female albums of all time, ''Rolling Stone''{{'s}} [[Rob Sheffield]] considers it "hard to remember a world where we didn't have Gaga, although we're pretty sure it was a lot more boring".<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Sheffield, Rob|authorlink=Rob Sheffield|title=Women Who Rock: The 50 Greatest Albums of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/women-who-rock-the-50-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120622/lady-gaga-born-this-way-20120621|accessdate=July 15, 2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=June 23, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212806/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/women-who-rock-the-50-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120622/lady-gaga-born-this-way-20120621|archivedate=August 3, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, ''Time'' also noted that Gaga had "practically invented the current era of pop music as spectacle".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3718883/oscars-2015-lady-gaga-performance/|title=Lady Gaga's Oscar Performance Could Redefine Her Career|magazine=Time|access-date=February 9, 2017|first=Daniel|last=D'Addario|date=February 23, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207001923/http://time.com/3718883/oscars-2015-lady-gaga-performance/|archivedate=February 7, 2017}}</ref> Her work has influenced artists including [[Miley Cyrus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1635313/miley-cyrus-says-next-album-has-a-techno-vibe/|title=Miley Cyrus Says Next Album Has A 'Techno Vibe'|first=Jocelyn|last=Vena|publisher=MTV News|date=April 2, 2010|accessdate=February 18, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307184344/http://www.mtv.com/news/1635313/miley-cyrus-says-next-album-has-a-techno-vibe/|archivedate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> [[Nicki Minaj]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1651156/nicki-minaj-open-to-lady-gaga-collaboration/|title=Nicki Minaj Open To Lady Gaga Collaboration|first=Mawuse|last=Ziegbe|publisher=MTV News|date=October 29, 2010|accessdate=February 22, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328093838/http://www.mtv.com/news/1651156/nicki-minaj-open-to-lady-gaga-collaboration/|archivedate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> [[Ellie Goulding]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a319282/ellie-goulding-im-influenced-by-everyone/|title=Ellie Goulding: "I'm influenced by everyone"|first=Jennifer|last=Still|work=Digital Spy|date=May 13, 2011|accessdate=March 23, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404181924/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a319282/ellie-goulding-im-influenced-by-everyone/|archivedate=April 4, 2016}}</ref> [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]],<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Dominique|last=Redfearn|title=Watch Halsey Geek Out to Lady Gaga Tweeting Her|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7549028/halsey-lady-gaga-twitter-love|magazine=Billboard|date=October 18, 2016|accessdate=October 25, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022152000/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7549028/halsey-lady-gaga-twitter-love|archivedate=October 22, 2016}}</ref> [[Nick Jonas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio.com/2016/02/05/nick-jonas-talks-lady-gaga-inspiration-and-new-album/|title=Nick Jonas Talks Lady Gaga Inspiration and New Album|first=Jonathan|last=Hailey|accessdate=February 12, 2016|publisher=[[Radio.com]]|date=February 5, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210102433/http://radio.com/2016/02/05/nick-jonas-talks-lady-gaga-inspiration-and-new-album/|archivedate=February 10, 2016}}</ref> [[Sam Smith (singer)|Sam Smith]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/lady-gagas-advice-to-sam-smith-suffer-for-your-art-20150202|title=Lady Gaga's Advice to Sam Smith: 'Suffer for Your Art'|first=Patrick|last=Doyle|magazine=Rolling Stone|accessdate=November 21, 2017|date=February 2, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428145838/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/lady-gagas-advice-to-sam-smith-suffer-for-your-art-20150202|archivedate=April 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Noah Cyrus]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/noah-cyrus-on-what-miley-taught-her-emotional-debut-single-w455215|title=Noah Cyrus on What Miley Taught Her, Emotional Debut Single|last=Spanos|first=Brittany|date=December 14, 2016|magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=December 14, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214173022/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/noah-cyrus-on-what-miley-taught-her-emotional-debut-single-w455215|archivedate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Katherine Langford]],<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Samantha|last=Highfill|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/04/03/13-reasons-why-katherine-langford/|title=13 Reasons Why: Get to know series star Katherine Langford|date=April 3, 2017|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=April 11, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415210655/http://ew.com/tv/2017/04/03/13-reasons-why-katherine-langford/|archivedate=April 15, 2017}}</ref> [[MGMT]],<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Chino|last=Moreno|url=http://www.nme.com/news/mgmt/49400|title=MGMT's new album influenced by Lady Gaga and Kanye West|date=January 25, 2010|magazine=NME|accessdate=February 18, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134343/http://www.nme.com/news/mgmt/49400|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> and [[Greyson Chance]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Chino|last=Moreno|url=https://www.accessonline.com/articles/lady-gaga-devotee-greyson-chance-finally-meets-his-paparazzi-idol-88234|title=Lady Gaga Devotee Greyson Chance Finally Meets His ‘Paparazzi’ Idol|date=July 26, 2010|magazine=AccessOnline|accessdate=December 18, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134343/https://www.accessonline.com/articles/lady-gaga-devotee-greyson-chance-finally-meets-his-paparazzi-idol-88234|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> A new genus of [[fern]]s, ''[[Gaga (plant)|Gaga]]'', and two species, ''G. germanotta'' and ''G. monstraparva'', have been named in her honor. The name ''monstraparva'' alluded to Gaga's fans, known as "little monsters", since their symbol is the outstretched "monster claw" hand, which resembles a tightly rolled young fern leaf prior to unfurling.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Fay-Wei Li|author2=Kathleen M. Pryer|author3=Michael D. Windham|title=''Gaga'', a new fern genus segregated from ''Cheilanthes'' (Pteridaceae)|journal=Systematic Botany|volume=37|year=2012|pages=845–860|doi=10.1600/036364412X656626|issue=4}}</ref> Gaga also has an extinct mammal, ''[[Gagadon]] minimonstrum'',<ref name=Stuck&Covert2014>{{cite journal|last1=Stucky|first1=Richard K.|last2=Covert|first2=Herbert H.|title=A new genus and species of early Eocene (Ypresian) Artiodactyla (Mammalia), ''Gagadon minimonstrum'', from Bitter Creek, Wyoming, U.S.A.|journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]]|year=2014|volume=34|issue=3|pages=731–736|doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.827580}}</ref> and a parasitic wasp, ''[[Aleiodes gaga]]'', named for her.<ref>{{cite news|title=New to Nature No 84: ''Aleiodes gaga''|authorlink=Quentin D. Wheeler|first=Quentin D.|last=Wheeler|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/sep/16/new-to-nature-aleiodes-gaga|newspaper=The Guardian|date=September 16, 2012|accessdate=July 21, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216104431/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/sep/16/new-to-nature-aleiodes-gaga|archivedate=December 16, 2013}}</ref><ref name=Butcheretal2012>{{cite journal|first1=Buntika|last1=Areekul Butcher|first2=M. Alex|last2=Smith|first3=Mike J.|last3=Sharkey|first4=Donald L.J.|last4=Quicke|title=A turbo-taxonomic study of Thai ''Aleiodes'' (''Aleiodes'') and ''Aleiodes'' (''Arcaleiodes'')(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) based largely on COI barcoded specimens, with rapid descriptions of 179 new species|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=3457|year=2012|pages=1–232|url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/z03457p232f.pdf|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115212/http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/z03457p232f.pdf|archivedate=August 26, 2014}}</ref> ==Achievements== {{see also|List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga}} Gaga has won nine [[Grammy Award]]s, an [[Academy Award]], a [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Award]], three [[Brit Awards]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/7253155/Brit-Awards-2010-Lady-Gaga-wins-a-hat-trick-of-prizes.html|title=Brit Awards 2010: Lady Gaga wins a hat-trick of prizes|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=February 16, 2010|accessdate=April 18, 2016|first=Anita|last=Singh|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428161009/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/7253155/Brit-Awards-2010-Lady-Gaga-wins-a-hat-trick-of-prizes.html|archivedate=April 28, 2016}}</ref> two [[Golden Globe Award]]s, thirteen [[MTV Video Music Award]]s, several [[Guinness World Records]], and the inaugural [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]'s Contemporary Icon Award.<ref name="iconaward"/> She received a [[National Arts Awards]]' Young Artist Award, which honors individuals who have shown accomplishments and leadership early in their career,<ref name="artawards">{{cite web|url=http://www.americansforthearts.org/news-room/americans-for-the-arts-news/americans-for-the-arts-announces-2015-national-arts-awards-honorees|title=Sophia Loren, Lady Gaga, Herbie Hancock, Joan and Irwin Jacobs, Alice Walton, Maria Bell to Be Honored on October 19th|date=October 6, 2015|publisher=[[Americans for the Arts]]|accessdate=October 7, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025122022/http://www.americansforthearts.org/news-room/americans-for-the-arts-news/americans-for-the-arts-announces-2015-national-arts-awards-honorees|archivedate=October 25, 2015}}</ref> and she won the Jane Ortner Artist Award from the [[Grammy Museum]] in 2016.<ref name="Gardner"/> Gaga has also been recognized by the [[Council of Fashion Designers of America]] (CFDA) with the Fashion Icon lifetime achievement award,<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga Honored As Style Icon at CFDA Awards|magazine=Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/470823/lady-gaga-honored-as-style-icon-at-cfda-awards|accessdate=December 15, 2015|date=June 7, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701125143/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/470823/lady-gaga-honored-as-style-icon-at-cfda-awards|archivedate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> and was a finalist for ''The Advocate''{{'}}s Person of the Year in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/people/2016/11/11/person-year-finalists?pg=2#article-content|title=Person of the Year: The Finalists|date=November 11, 2016|work=The Advocate|accessdate=December 15, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220200005/http://www.advocate.com/people/2016/11/11/person-year-finalists?pg=2|archivedate=December 20, 2016}}</ref> In 2019, she became the first person to win an Academy, a Grammy, a BAFTA and a Golden Globe Award in one year for her contribution to ''A Star Is Born''{{'}}s soundtrack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iheart.com/content/2019-02-24-with-her-first-oscar-win-lady-gaga-sets-an-incredible-awards-record/|title=With Her First Oscar Win, Lady Gaga Sets An Incredible Awards Record|last=Close|first=Paris|date=February 24, 2019|accessdate=February 25, 2019|website=[[iHeart Radio]]}}</ref> Gaga is one of [[List of best-selling music artists|the best-selling music artists]] with estimated sales of 27 million albums and 146 million singles as of January 2016. Some of her singles are also among the [[List of best-selling singles|best-selling worldwide]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sun|first=Rebecca|title=Lady Gaga Exits WME for CAA|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6836620/lady-gaga-signs-caa|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=February 27, 2016|date=January 12, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114174444/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6836620/lady-gaga-signs-caa|archivedate=January 14, 2016}}</ref> She has grossed more than $512.3&nbsp;million in revenue from her concert tours and residencies, becoming the fifth woman to pass the half-billion total as reported to ''Billboard'' Boxscore.<ref name="tourforce">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/legal-and-management/6114193/lady-gaga-and-manager-bobby-campbell-join-artist|title=Lady Gaga and Manager Bobby Campbell Join Artist Nation (Exclusive)|last=Waddell|first=Ray|magazine=Billboard|date=June 11, 2014|accessdate=June 11, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614153159/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/legal-and-management/6114193/lady-gaga-and-manager-bobby-campbell-join-artist|archivedate=June 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name="bbgrossenogma">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8500242/lady-gaga-touring-earnings-pass-half-billion-mark|title=Lady Gaga's Touring Earnings Pass Half-Billion Mark as 'Enigma' Grosses Roll in|last=Frankenberg|first=Eric|date=February 27, 2019|accessdate=February 28, 2019|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> Gaga has consecutively appeared on ''Billboard'' magazine's Artists of the Year (scoring the definitive title in 2010).<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lady Gaga Is Billboard's 2010 Artist of the Year, Ke$ha Takes Top New Act|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949522/lady-gaga-is-billboards-2010-artist-of-the-year-keha-takes-top-new-act|date=September 12, 2010|author=Caulfield, Keith|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=July 11, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716193301/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949522/lady-gaga-is-billboards-2010-artist-of-the-year-keha-takes-top-new-act|archivedate=July 16, 2015}}</ref> Named [[Billboard Women in Music|Woman of the Year]] in 2015,<ref name="2015bbwoman"/> she is the 11th [[List of highest-certified music artists in the United States|top digital singles artist]] in the US with a total of 61&nbsp;million equivalent units certified according to [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=top_tallies&ttt=TAS|title=Top Artists (Digital Singles)|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=February 20, 2019}}</ref> She became the first woman to receive the Digital Diamond Award certification from RIAA, is one of three artists with at least two Diamond certified songs ("Bad Romance" and "Poker Face"),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/lady-gaga-becomes-riaas-first-female-digital-diamond-award-recipient/|title=Lady Gaga Becomes RIAA's First Female Digital Diamond Award Recipient|publisher=Recording Industry Association of America|accessdate=March 7, 2015|date=May 15, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127022851/http://www.riaa.com/lady-gaga-becomes-riaas-first-female-digital-diamond-award-recipient/|archivedate=January 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6784598/lady-gaga-poker-face-diamond-single|title=Lady Gaga Earns Her Second Diamond Single|first=Joe|last=Lynch|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=November 1, 2017|date=December 1, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224085012/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6784598/lady-gaga-poker-face-diamond-single|archivedate=February 24, 2017}}</ref> and is the first and only artist to have two songs pass 7 million downloads ("Poker Face" and "Just Dance").<ref>{{cite web|title=Ask Billboard: Lady Gaga First Artist With Two 7-Million-Selling Downloads|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6715365/ask-billboard-lady-gaga-first-artist-with-two-7-million-selling|first=Gary|last=Trust|website=Billboard|accessdate=December 14, 2015|date=October 2, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004203052/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6715365/ask-billboard-lady-gaga-first-artist-with-two-7-million-selling|archivedate=October 4, 2015}}</ref> ==Discography== {{Main|Lady Gaga discography|List of songs recorded by Lady Gaga|l2=list of songs recorded}} ;Studio albums * ''[[The Fame]]'' (2008; reissued in 2009 as ''[[The Fame Monster]]'') * ''[[Born This Way (album)|Born This Way]]'' (2011) * ''[[Artpop]]'' (2013) * ''[[Cheek to Cheek (album)|Cheek to Cheek]]'' (with [[Tony Bennett]]) (2014) * ''[[Joanne (album)|Joanne]]'' (2016) ;Soundtrack albums * ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)|A Star Is Born]]'' (with [[Bradley Cooper]]) (2018) ==Tours and residencies== {{see also|List of Lady Gaga live performances}} * [[The Fame Ball Tour]] (2009) * [[The Monster Ball Tour]] (2009–2011) * [[Born This Way Ball]] (2012–2013) * [[ArtRave: The Artpop Ball]] (2014) * [[Cheek to Cheek Tour]] (with Tony Bennett) (2014–2015) * [[Joanne World Tour]] (2017–2018) ===Concert Residencies=== *[[Lady Gaga Enigma]] (2019) == Filmography == {{Main|Lady Gaga videography}} * ''[[The Zen of Bennett]]'' (2012) * ''[[Katy Perry: Part of Me]]'' (2012) * ''[[Machete Kills]]'' (2013) * ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]'' (2014) * ''[[Sin City: A Dame to Kill For]]'' (2014) * ''[[Gaga: Five Foot Two]]'' (2017) * ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' (2018) ==See also== {{Portal|Lady Gaga}} * [[Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart]] * [[Honorific nicknames in popular music]] * [[LGBT culture in New York City]] * [[List of Billboard Social 50 number-one artists|List of ''Billboard'' Social 50 number-one artists]] * [[Me Too movement]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Book sources=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|title=Guinness World Records 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBd4BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT172|year=2014|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]|isbn=978-1-908843-70-8|ref={{harvid|GWR|2014}}}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Allison|first1=Scott T.|last2=Goethals|first2=George R.|title=Heroic Leadership: An Influence Taxonomy of 100 Exceptional Individuals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uWnRs5wCpJsC&pg=PA31|year=2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-136-23273-2}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|title=Lady Gaga Biography: The "Mother Monster" of the Music Industry Revealed|last=Dicker|first=Chris|year=2017|publisher=Digital Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-370-41794-0}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Gray II|first=Richard J.|title=The Performance Identities of Lady Gaga: Critical Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fT2wuIgY8IC&pg=PA183|year=2012|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=978-0-7864-9252-7}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Johnson|first=Paula|title=Lady Gaga: A Biography|year=2012|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1-440-80109-9}} * {{cite book|last=Marsico|first=Katie|title=Lady Gaga: Pop Singer & Songwriter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eth2AgAAQBAJ|year=2012|publisher=[[ABDO Publishing Company]]|isbn=978-1-61478-600-9|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Morgan|first=Johnny|title=Gaga|year=2010|publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4027-8059-2|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Parvis|first=Sarah|title=Lady Gaga|year=2010|publisher=[[Andrews McMeel Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-7407-9795-8|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Tracy|first=Kathleen A.|title=Superstars of the 21st Century: Pop Favorites of America's Teens: Pop Favorites of America's Teens|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37737-2|ref=harv}} {{refend}} ==External links== {{Spoken Wikipedia|EN-Lady_Gaga-article.ogg|2018-06-17}} {{Sister project links|wikt=no |commons=Lady Gaga |b=no |n=no |q=Lady Gaga |s=no |v=no |species=no| voy=no |d=Q19848}} * {{official website}} *{{Curlie|Arts/Music/Bands_and_Artists/L/Lady_Gaga/}} * {{Britannica|1667582}} * {{IMDb name|3078932}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|lady_gaga}} {{Lady Gaga|state=expanded}} {{Navboxes | title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga|Awards for Lady Gaga]] | list = {{Academy Award Best Original Song}} {{BAFTA Award for Best Film Music}} {{Brit International Female}} {{Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress}} {{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song}} {{Glamour Awards Woman of the Year}} {{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}} {{Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song}} {{MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message}} {{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}} {{Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Portalbar|Biography|New York City|Pop music}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lady Gaga}} [[Category:Lady Gaga| ]] [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American pianists]] [[Category:21st-century American singers]] [[Category:Actresses from New York City]] [[Category:American contraltos]] [[Category:American dance musicians]] [[Category:American female pop singers]] [[Category:American female songwriters]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American television actresses]] [[Category:American music video directors]] [[Category:American performance artists]] [[Category:Philanthropists from New York (state)]] [[Category:American pop pianists]] [[Category:American pop rock singers]] [[Category:American synthpop musicians]] [[Category:American women activists]] [[Category:American women in business]] [[Category:American women pianists]] [[Category:Anti-bullying activists]] [[Category:Anti-fracking movement]] 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