Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Malaysia National Anthem}} {{EngvarB|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} {{Italic title}} {{Infobox anthem |title = Negaraku |english_title = My Country |image = Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg |image_size = |caption = |prefix = National |country = {{MYS}} |author = Multiple authors (Original author: Saiful Bahri) |lyrics = |lyrics_date = 1957 |composer = [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger]]<br />(1780–1857) |music_date = |adopted = 1957 |until = |sound = Negaraku instrumental.ogg |sound_title = Negaraku (instrumental) }} {{listen |filename = Negaraku vocal.ogg |title = Negaraku |description = Negaraku (vocal) |format = [[Ogg]] }} '''''Negaraku''''' ({{lang-en|My Country}}) is the [[national anthem]] of [[Malaysia]]. It was selected as a national anthem at the time of the [[Federation of Malaya]]'s independence from [[United Kingdom|Britain]] in 1957. The tune was originally used as the state anthem of [[Perak]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19570825-1.2.11.aspx?q=Unity+and+progress+are+anthem+themes&mode=advanced&df=19570825&ct=article%2cadvertisement%2cillustration%2cletter%2cobituary%2cmiscellaneous&t=straitstimes&page=1&sort=relevance&token=themes%2canthem%2care%2cprogress%2cand%2cunity&sessionid=21d4908c8c614cb183a6efde238235b8|title=Unity and progress are anthem themes|publisher= [[New Straits Times|The Sunday Times]]| date=25 August 1957}}</ref> which was adopted from a popular French melody titled "La Rosalie" composed by the lyricist [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/node/372379|title=Negaraku tune adopted from 'La Rosalie'|last=|first=|date=7 June 2016|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]]|publisher=Sun Media Corporation Sdn. Bhd.|author=Kong See Hoh|accessdate=7 September 2016}}</ref> Some of the musical renditions were modified several times in 1992, 2003 and 2006.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} == History == === Competition and invited composers === [[File:Pierre Jean de Beranger.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Pierre-Jean de Béranger]], the creator of a popular French melody titled "La Rosalie", from which this song was adopted.]] At the time of independence, each of the eleven [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|states]] that made up the [[Federation of Malaya]] had their own anthem, but there was no anthem for the Federation as a whole. [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. On his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received from all over the world. None were deemed suitable. Next the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were [[Benjamin Britten]] (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34417765|title=Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem|last=Marshall|first=Alex|date=2 October 2015|website=BBC News|publisher=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>), Sir [[William Walton]] who had recently composed the march for [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s coronation, the American opera composer [[Gian Carlo Menotti]] and [[Zubir Said]], who later composed ''[[Majulah Singapura]]'', the anthem of [[Singapore]]. They were all turned down too. === Use of Perak State Anthem melody === [[File:SultanAbdullahPerak.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak|Sultan Abdullah]] of Perak, who adopted [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger|Pierre's]] "La Rosalie" as the [[Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan|Perak Royal Anthem]] during his exile on [[Seychelles]] for abetting murder.]] The Committee then turned to the [[Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan|Perak State Anthem]]. On 5 August 1957, it was selected on account of the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges— with the Tunku himself playing the leading role. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, [[Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan]]. The song had been very popular on the island of Mahé in the [[Seychelles]], where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. Some rumours claimed that he heard it at a public band concert on the island, a song to a popular French melody claimed to have been composed by the lyricist [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger]] (1780–1857), who was born and died in Paris. But there is no evidence for this since he was a lyricist who use tunes by other for his song and the title is not listed in the four published volumes of his songs or the volume of tune he used for his songs. It is also claimed that when Sultan Idris Murshidul’adzam Shah, who was the Ruler of the State of Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Malay Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not in fact possess an anthem, he, in order not to appear backward in front of his hosts, proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune.<ref>{{Citation |url =http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/portal_bi/rk1/rk1a.php?id=rk1_6&titleBI=National+Anthem|title = The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100111180205/http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/portal_bi/rk1/rk1a.php?id=rk1_6&titleBI=National+Anthem |archivedate = 11 January 2010}}</ref> The song was later introduced into an Indonesian [[Bangsawan]] (Opera), which was performing in Singapore around 1940. In no time at all, the melody became extremely popular and was given the name "[[Terang Bulan]]". Aside from its dignity and prestige as the Perak State Anthem, the song became a Malayan "evergreen", playing at parties, in cabarets and sung by almost everybody in the 1920s and 1930s. (Today, of course, since independence, it is not played as a popular melody, and any such use is proscribed by statute.) The anthem was given a new quick march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular. Some Malaysians have gone as far as to say that the altered tempo resembled circus music, and was the subject of much derision. ===Proposed renaming=== In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time after that and the title and lyric would be changed from ''Negaraku'' to ''Malaysiaku'' (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the change of name was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 pace by composer Wah Idris.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-78169861.html|title=More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku|work=New Straits Times|date=17 August 2003|accessdate=31 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3195111.stm|first=Jonathan|last=Kent|title=New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day|work=BBC News|date=31 August 2003|accessdate=31 July 2015}}</ref> == Lyrics == {| class="wikitable centre" |+ class=hidden | Original version and its translations !scope=col|[[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Malay alphabet|Rumi]]) !scope=col|[[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]) !scope=col|[[English language|English]] translation !scope=col|[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] translation !scope=col|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] translation |- | style="padding: 15px" |<poem>Negaraku, Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju Rahmat Bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta Rahmat Bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta </poem> | style="padding: 15px" |<poem>نڬاراكو تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو رعيت هيدوڤ برساتو دان ماجو رحمة بهاڬيا توهن كورنياكن راج كيت سلامت برتختا رحمة بهاڬيا توهن كورنياكن راج كيت سلامت برتختا </poem> | style="padding: 15px" |<poem>My motherland The land where my blood has spilt Where the people live United and progressive With God given Blessings of happiness May our King Reign in peace With God given Blessings of happiness May our King Reign in peace </poem> | style="padding: 15px" |<poem>我的國家 我生長的地方 各族團結 前途無限無量 但願上蒼 福佑萬民安康 祝我君王 國祚萬壽無疆 但願上蒼 福佑萬民安康 祝我君王 國祚萬壽無疆 </poem> | style="padding: 15px" |<poem>எனது நாடே என் குருதி சிந்திய மண்ணே மக்கள் வாழ்வே ஒற்றுமையே முன்னேற்றமே அருளோடும் மகிழ்வோடும் இறைமை வழங்கிடும் எங்கள் மாமன்னர் முறையாட்சி வாழியவே அருளோடும் மகிழ்வோடும் இறைமை வழங்கிடும் எங்கள் மாமன்னர் முறையாட்சி வாழியவே </poem> |} == Other songs with same melody == Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: '''1930s''' "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records (Catalogue Ref: F.2211) in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} '''1940s''' "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca 78rpm record (Catalogue Ref. F.10037/DR.17340).{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} '''1950s''' The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The other side of the record is the song "Planting Rice", also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} "Negaraku" as a song derived from Hawaiian origins, which was later used as the Perak anthem, but not yet as anthem for the whole of Malaya during that time.<ref>[http://rajakita.perak.gov.my/bmlaguperak.html LAGU KEBANGSAAN NEGERI PERAK.]</ref> == Etiquette == === Individual conduct === Whenever the National Anthem is played or sung or whenever the abridged or short version is played, all persons present shall stand to attention as a mark of respect except where it is played or sung as part of a radio or television broadcast or [[newsreel]]s. All headgear (except religious and military ones) must be removed and all those in attendance must face the ''[[Jalur Gemilang]]'', if it is present. Servicemen in uniform must give a salute when the Anthem plays.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968<ref>s 3 [http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%208/Act%20390.pdf National Anthem Act 1968]</ref> without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding [[MYR]]100 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month. ===Versions=== Any of several versions of the anthem, each decreasing in length, are played with regards to the significance of the rank of the person in attendance at an occasion, as specified by the Act. ==== Full ("Royal") version ==== According to the Act, the full or "Royal" version of the National Anthem shall be played on the following occasions: * when a salute is given to the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]], or his deputy while exercising the functions of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or a Ruler nominated to exercise the functions of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in accordance with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Exercise of Functions) Act 1957, or when the royal standard is displayed to signify his presence; * during official parades or other official ceremonial functions; * on all occasions when the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is present in person (including radio and television broadcasts); * when the ''[[Jalur Gemilang]]'' is borne in parades; * when regimental colours are presented; and * for hoisting of the colours of the [[Royal Malaysian Navy]]. The full version may be played in schools for the purpose of teaching pupils how to sing it properly, and on any other occasion that HM The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, by order, prescribe. ===== Special occasions ===== At all official receptions for foreign dignitaries at which the salute is given, the full version shall be played immediately after the anthem of the visiting dignitary's country has been played. At all official occasions arranged by [[List of diplomatic missions in Malaysia|foreign missions in Malaysia]] for celebrating their respective [[national day]]s or other national occasions, the protocol for anthems in the presence of a foreign dignitary are observed. ==== Abridged version ==== The abridged version is played as a salute on all official occasions to [[Majesty|Her Majesty]] The [[Raja Permaisuri Agong]], and [[Royal Highness|Their Royal Highnesses]] the [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]. When a salute is given to a particular Head of a state, the abridged version is played before the relevant State Anthem. The abridged version is also played on any occasion that HM The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, by order, prescribe. ==== Short version ==== On any official occasion when HM The Yang di-Pertuan Agong or his representative is not present but one of TRH The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is present, the short version is played at the conclusion of the event immediately after the relevant State Anthem. == Controversies == === Modified into a rap song === {{main|Namewee#Negarakuku}} In 2007, a [[YouTube]] video featuring a parody of the Negaraku anthem caused controversy in Malaysia. The video, named ''Negarakuku'', features [[Namewee]], a Malaysian student studying in [[Taiwan]], who weaves the Negaraku into a [[Chinese language]] rap. The [[Flag of Malaysia]] was featured at the backdrop. This controversial video caused outrage among most members of the [[Cabinet of Malaysia|Malaysian cabinet]]. The song criticises the government and pejoratively speaks about the [[Ethnic Malays|Malays]], the primary ethnic group of Malaysia. The title of the video ''Negarakuku'' may mean "My ''Negaraku''", as the suffix ''-ku'' [[Possessive suffix|implies first-person possession]] in the [[Malay language]]. However, a more plausible explanation is that "kuku", sounding similar to English "cuckoo", means "crazy" in slang usage. Thus in this sense, "Negara kuku" means "crazy country", which is possibly the intended meaning given the content of the video. "Kuku" is also a Malaysian Chinese slang term for penis, which, combined with the "crazy" meaning, is used as an insult. === Terang Bulan adaptation allegation by Indonesian recording company === In 2009, an [[Indonesia]]n state-owned recording company named [[Lokananta]] had brought in allegations that "Negaraku" imitated an older Indonesian folk song titled "[[Terang Bulan|Terang Boelan]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/malaysian-anthem-actually-indonesian-says-record-company/|title=Malaysian Anthem Actually Indonesian, Says Record Company|publisher=[[Jakarta Globe]]|date=29 August 2009|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> However, "Terang Boelan" itself is a song adapted from a much older French song titled "La Rosalie".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/malaysia-anthem-furor-hits-wrong-note-says-indonesian-expert/327697/|title=Malaysia Anthem Furor Hits Wrong Note, Says Indonesian Expert|publisher=Jakarta Globe|date=3 September 2009|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> The allegation is considered to be politically motivated due to certain conflicts that were brought up between the two countries such as [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation|Indonesia's defeat in the 1963–66 confrontation]] and the [[Ligitan and Sipadan dispute|ownership dispute of the Ligitan and Sipadan islands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/presscom/index.php?pr=343&pt=1&p1=6&p2=1|title=The Court finds that sovereignty over the islands of Ligitan and Sipadan belongs to Malaysia|publisher=International Court of Justice|date=17 December 2002|accessdate=14 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409130015/http://www.icj-cij.org/presscom/index.php?pr=343&pt=1&p1=6&p2=1|archivedate=9 April 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Marshall Clark|author2=Juliet Pietsch|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80888-6|pages=68–}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan]] * [[Terang Bulan]] ==References== * [http://mcoba.blogspot.com/2005/10/furore-over-anthem-negaraku.html History of the Negaraku with further comments] ===Citations=== {{reflist}} ===Other=== * [http://www.national-anthems.org/history.htm M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems".] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3195111.stm BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061941/http://cmorbutt.multiply.com/journal/item/32 Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link)] ==External links== {{external media | audio1=[http://www.jmm.gov.my/files/Lagu%20Negaraku.mp3 Vocal rendition] ''Retrieved 13 October 2014 }} * [http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/content/article/2-uncategorised/51-muat-turun Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa] * [https://www.mohe.gov.my/en/download/public/multimedia/audio Listen in Ministry of Higher Education] * [http://nationalanthems.me/malaysia-negaraku/ Malaysia: ''Negaraku'' - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics] * {{YouTube|zhRjCCWZ9Cc|Negaraku with English lyrics translation}} {{Malaysia topics}} {{National Anthems of Asia}} [[Category:Malaysian patriotic songs]] [[Category:Anthems of Malaysia| ]] [[Category:Asian anthems]] [[Category:National symbols of Malaysia]] [[Category:Malay-language songs]] [[Category:National anthem compositions in A-flat major]]'