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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox musical composition
| name = O Little Town of Bethlehem
| type =
| image = Manuscriptolittletownofbethlehem.png
| alt =
| caption = Author's manuscript of first stanza
| translation = <!-- to English, if hymn name is a different language -->
| native_name = <!-- if hymn name is the translation -->
| native_name_lang = <!-- two-letter code -->
| composer =
| genre = [[Christmas carol]]
| occasion =
| text = [[Phillips Brooks]]
| language =
| written = 1868
| based_on = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Micah|chapter=5|verse=2}}
| meter = 8.6.8.6.7.6.8.6
| melody = "St. Louis" by [[Lewis Redner]], "Forest Green" by [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
| composed = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|end_date={{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
| published =
| misc =
}}
{{wikisource|O Little Town of Bethlehem}}
"'''O Little Town of Bethlehem'''" is a popular [[Christmas carol]].
==Words==
The text was written by [[Phillips Brooks]] (1835–1893), an [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] priest, then rector of [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia]] and later of [[Trinity Church (Boston)|Trinity Church, Boston]]. He was inspired by visiting the village of [[Bethlehem]] in the [[Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem|Sanjak of Jerusalem]] in 1865. Three years later, he wrote the poem for his church, and his organist [[Lewis Redner]] (1831-1908) added the music.
==Song Lyrics==
O lit
==Music==
Redner's tune, simply titled "St. Louis", is the tune used most often for this carol in the United States.<ref name=benson>Louis F. Benson, "[http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Notes_On_Carols/o_little_town_of_bethlehem.htm O Little Town of Bethlehem]". ''Studies Of Familiar Hymns'', First Series (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. 1924), 11</ref> Redner recounted the story of his composition:<ref name=benson/>
{{quote|As Christmas of 1868 approached, Mr. Brooks told me that he had written a simple little carol for the Christmas Sunday-school service, and he asked me to write the tune to it. The simple music was written in great haste and under great pressure. We were to practice it on the following Sunday. Mr. Brooks came to me on Friday, and said, ‘Redner, have you ground out that music yet to "O Little Town of Bethlehem"? I replied, 'No,' but that he should have it by Sunday. On the Saturday night previous my brain was all confused about the tune. I thought more about my Sunday-school lesson than I did about the music. But I was roused from sleep late in the night hearing an angel-strain whispering in my ear, and seizing a piece of music paper I jotted down the treble of the tune as we now have it, and on Sunday morning before going to church I filled in the harmony. Neither Mr. Brooks nor I ever thought the carol or the music to it would live beyond that Christmas of 1868.<br />
My recollection is that Richard McCauley, who then had a bookstore on Chestnut Street west of Thirteenth Street, printed it on leaflets for sale. Rev. Dr. Huntington, rector of All Saints' Church, Worcester, Mass., asked permission to print it in his Sunday-school hymn and tune book, called ''The Church Porch'',<ref>William Reed Huntington (ed.) ''[https://archive.org/details/churchporchaser00huntgoog The Church Porch: A Service Book and Hymnal for Sunday Schools]'' (E.P. Dutton, 1882)</ref> and it was he who christened the music 'Saint Louis.'}}
<score vorbis="1">
\new Staff <<
\clef treble \key g \major {
\time 4/4 \partial 4
\relative g' {
b4 | b b ais b | d c e, a | g fis8 g a4 d, | b'2. b4 | b b e d | d c e, \bar"" \break
a | g fis8 g b4 a | g2. b4 | b b a g | fis2 fis4 fis | e fis g a | b2. \bar"" \break
b4 | b b ais b | d c e, e' | d g, b4. a8 | g2. \bar"|."
}
}
%\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
%}
>>
\layout { indent = #0 }
\midi { \tempo 4 = 80 }
</score>
In [[Commonwealth of Nations|the Commonwealth]], and sometimes in the U.S. (especially in the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]]), the English hymn tune "Forest Green" is used instead. "Forest Green" was adapted by [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] from an English [[folk song|folk]] [[broadside ballad|ballad]] called "The Ploughboy's Dream" which he had collected from a Mr. Garman of Forest Green, Surrey in 1903.<ref>[http://www.vwml.org/record/RVW2/4/19 Vaughan Williams' Manuscript of "The Ploughboy's Dream"] at the [[Vaughan Williams Memorial Library]] [[The Full English (folk music archive)|Full English collection]], accessed 30 March 2014</ref><ref>Byron Adams, Robin Wells, "Hymn Tunes from Folk Songs" in ''Vaughan Williams essays'', Volume 3; Volume 44, (Ashgate Publishing, 2003), {{ISBN|978-1-85928-387-5}} p.111</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJqgspx57C0 "O Little Town of Bethlehem (Vaughan Williams)"] English hymn.</ref> Henry Garman was born in 1830 in [[Sussex]], and in the [[United Kingdom Census 1901|1901 census]] was living in [[Ockley]], Surrey; Vaughan Williams' manuscript notes he was a "labourer of Forest Green near Ockley - Surrey. (Aged about 60?)", although Mr Garman would have been nearer 73 when he recited the tune.<ref>Mark Browse, [http://hymntunes.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/forest-green.html O Little Town], 141-142</ref> The tune has a [[Strophic form|strophic]] verse structure and is in the form A-A-B-A. Adapted into a hymn tune harmonised by Vaughan Williams, it was first published in the ''[[English Hymnal]]'' of 1906.
<score vorbis="1">
\new Staff <<
\clef treble \key f \major {
\time 4/4 \partial 4
\relative f' {
\repeat unfold 2 { c4 | f f f g | a8 [ g ] a bes c4 a | bes a8 f g4 g | f2. \bar"" \break }
f8 a | c4. d8 c [ bes ] a g | f [ g ] a bes c4 c, | f a g f | c2 \bar"" \break
c | f4 f f g | a8 [ g ] a bes c4 a | bes a8 f g4 g | f2. \bar"|."
}
}
%\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
%}
>>
\layout { indent = #0 }
\midi { \tempo 4 = 86 }
</score>
Two versions also exist by [[Henry Walford Davies|H. Walford Davies]], called "Wengen", and "Christmas carol".<ref>http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dw.asp?dc=W3446_GBAJY0110304&vw=dc</ref><ref>http://mander-organs-forum.invisionzone.com/index.php?/topic/3764-walford-davies-tune-for-o-little-town/</ref> "Wengen" was published in ''[[Hymns Ancient and Modern]]'' in 1922,<ref>''[[Hymns Ancient and Modern]]'' (London: William Clowes and Sons, Ltd., 1922)</ref> meanwhile "Christmas Carol" is usually performed only by choirs rather than as a congregational hymn. This is because the first two verses are for treble voices with organ accompaniment, with only the final verse as a chorale/refrain harmony. This setting includes a recitative from the Gospel of Luke at the beginning, and cuts verses 2 and 4 of the original 5-verse carol. This version is often performed at the service of [[Nine Lessons and Carols]] in [[Kings College, Cambridge]].<ref>[http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/events/chapel-services/nine-lessons/order-service-1999.html Order of Service], ''A Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols 1999'', King's College Cambridge 1999.</ref>
[[William Rhys-Herbert]] included a new hymn-tune and harmonization as part of his 1909 cantata, ''Bethany''.
The song has been included in many of the Christmas albums recorded by numerous singers in the modern era.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*Free arrangements for [http://cantorion.org/music/14/O-Little-Town-of-Bethlehem-Forest-Green-tune-%28UK%29 piano] and [http://cantorion.org/music/4164/O-Little-Town-of-Bethlehem-St.-Louis-tune-%28US%29 SATB] from ''Cantorion.org'' (PD, CPDL)
*[http://www.kaiser-ulrich.de/Kaiser/Noten.aspx Free arrangement] for female choir (SSA) by [[:de:Ulrich Kaiser (Musiktheoretiker)|Ulrich Kaiser]]
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Bethany_%28Rhys-Herbert,_William%29 Free hymn arrangement] in the [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page IMSLP Petrucci Music Library]
* [http://www.traditional-songs.com/download_score.php?name=O%20little%20town%20of%20Bethlehem&country=England Free score]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTPyKwqUUgc Performed by the] [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] Choir, using 'Forest Green' as the tune
* Score of Wengen: ([http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Images/Wengen-1_Walford-Davies.jpg pt 1], [http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Images/Wengen-2_Walford_Davies.jpg pt 2])
* [http://s2.imslp.org/images/thumb/pdfs/6a/018d3167233a7eb3464d4405c4ddaf8da809f02b.png Score of Christmas Carol]
{{DEFAULTSORT:O Little Town Of Bethlehem}}
[[Category:1860s songs]]
[[Category:Christmas carols]]
[[Category:American Christmas songs]]
[[Category:Songs about Israel]]
[[Category:Songs based on poems]]
[[Category:Compositions by Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
[[Category:Songs about cities]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox musical composition
| name = O Little Town of Bethlehem
| type =
| image = Manuscriptolittletownofbethlehem.png
| alt =
| caption = Author's manuscript of first stanza
| translation = <!-- to English, if hymn name is a different language -->
| native_name = <!-- if hymn name is the translation -->
| native_name_lang = <!-- two-letter code -->
| composer =
| genre = [[Christmas carol]]
| occasion =
| text = [[Phillips Brooks]]
| language =
| written = 1868
| based_on = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Micah|chapter=5|verse=2}}
| meter = 8.6.8.6.7.6.8.6
| melody = "St. Louis" by [[Lewis Redner]], "Forest Green" by [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
| composed = <!-- {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|end_date={{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}|location=}} -->
| published =
| misc =
}}
{{wikisource|O Little Town of Bethlehem}}
"'''O Little Town of Bethlehem'''" is a popular [[Christmas carol]].
==Words==
The text was written by [[Phillips Brooks]] (1835–1893), an [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] priest, then rector of [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia]] and later of [[Trinity Church (Boston)|Trinity Church, Boston]]. He was inspired by visiting the village of [[Bethlehem]] in the [[Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem|Sanjak of Jerusalem]] in 1865. Three years later, he wrote the poem for his church, and his organist [[Lewis Redner]] (1831-1908) added the music.
==Song Lyrics==
O lit
1 O little town of Bethlehem,
how still we see thee lie;
above thy deep and dreamless sleep
the silent stars go by:
yet in thy dark streets shineth
the everlasting Light;
the hopes and fears of all the years
are met in thee tonight.
2 For Christ is born of Mary,
and gathered all above,
while mortals sleep, the angels keep
their watch of wond'ring love.
O morning stars, together
proclaim the holy birth!
And praises sing to God the King,
and peace to men on earth.
3 How silently, how silently,
the wondrous gift is giv'n!
So God imparts to human hearts
the blessings of his heav'n.
No ear may hear his coming,
but in this world of sin,
where meek souls will receive him still,
the dear Christ enters in.
4 O holy child of Bethlehem,
descend to us, we pray;
cast out our sin and enter in;
be born in us today.
We hear the Christmas angels
the great glad tidings tell;
O come to us, abide with us,
our Lord Emmanuel!
5 Where children pure and happy
Pray to the blessed Child,
Where misery cries out to thee,
Son of the undefiled; (Son of the Mother Mild;)
Where charity stands watching
And faith holds wide the door,
The dark night wakes, the glory breaks,
And Christmas comes once more.
==Music==
Redner's tune, simply titled "St. Louis", is the tune used most often for this carol in the United States.<ref name=benson>Louis F. Benson, "[http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Notes_On_Carols/o_little_town_of_bethlehem.htm O Little Town of Bethlehem]". ''Studies Of Familiar Hymns'', First Series (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. 1924), 11</ref> Redner recounted the story of his composition:<ref name=benson/>
{{quote|As Christmas of 1868 approached, Mr. Brooks told me that he had written a simple little carol for the Christmas Sunday-school service, and he asked me to write the tune to it. The simple music was written in great haste and under great pressure. We were to practice it on the following Sunday. Mr. Brooks came to me on Friday, and said, ‘Redner, have you ground out that music yet to "O Little Town of Bethlehem"? I replied, 'No,' but that he should have it by Sunday. On the Saturday night previous my brain was all confused about the tune. I thought more about my Sunday-school lesson than I did about the music. But I was roused from sleep late in the night hearing an angel-strain whispering in my ear, and seizing a piece of music paper I jotted down the treble of the tune as we now have it, and on Sunday morning before going to church I filled in the harmony. Neither Mr. Brooks nor I ever thought the carol or the music to it would live beyond that Christmas of 1868.<br />
My recollection is that Richard McCauley, who then had a bookstore on Chestnut Street west of Thirteenth Street, printed it on leaflets for sale. Rev. Dr. Huntington, rector of All Saints' Church, Worcester, Mass., asked permission to print it in his Sunday-school hymn and tune book, called ''The Church Porch'',<ref>William Reed Huntington (ed.) ''[https://archive.org/details/churchporchaser00huntgoog The Church Porch: A Service Book and Hymnal for Sunday Schools]'' (E.P. Dutton, 1882)</ref> and it was he who christened the music 'Saint Louis.'}}
<score vorbis="1">
\new Staff <<
\clef treble \key g \major {
\time 4/4 \partial 4
\relative g' {
b4 | b b ais b | d c e, a | g fis8 g a4 d, | b'2. b4 | b b e d | d c e, \bar"" \break
a | g fis8 g b4 a | g2. b4 | b b a g | fis2 fis4 fis | e fis g a | b2. \bar"" \break
b4 | b b ais b | d c e, e' | d g, b4. a8 | g2. \bar"|."
}
}
%\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
%}
>>
\layout { indent = #0 }
\midi { \tempo 4 = 80 }
</score>
In [[Commonwealth of Nations|the Commonwealth]], and sometimes in the U.S. (especially in the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]]), the English hymn tune "Forest Green" is used instead. "Forest Green" was adapted by [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] from an English [[folk song|folk]] [[broadside ballad|ballad]] called "The Ploughboy's Dream" which he had collected from a Mr. Garman of Forest Green, Surrey in 1903.<ref>[http://www.vwml.org/record/RVW2/4/19 Vaughan Williams' Manuscript of "The Ploughboy's Dream"] at the [[Vaughan Williams Memorial Library]] [[The Full English (folk music archive)|Full English collection]], accessed 30 March 2014</ref><ref>Byron Adams, Robin Wells, "Hymn Tunes from Folk Songs" in ''Vaughan Williams essays'', Volume 3; Volume 44, (Ashgate Publishing, 2003), {{ISBN|978-1-85928-387-5}} p.111</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJqgspx57C0 "O Little Town of Bethlehem (Vaughan Williams)"] English hymn.</ref> Henry Garman was born in 1830 in [[Sussex]], and in the [[United Kingdom Census 1901|1901 census]] was living in [[Ockley]], Surrey; Vaughan Williams' manuscript notes he was a "labourer of Forest Green near Ockley - Surrey. (Aged about 60?)", although Mr Garman would have been nearer 73 when he recited the tune.<ref>Mark Browse, [http://hymntunes.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/forest-green.html O Little Town], 141-142</ref> The tune has a [[Strophic form|strophic]] verse structure and is in the form A-A-B-A. Adapted into a hymn tune harmonised by Vaughan Williams, it was first published in the ''[[English Hymnal]]'' of 1906.
<score vorbis="1">
\new Staff <<
\clef treble \key f \major {
\time 4/4 \partial 4
\relative f' {
\repeat unfold 2 { c4 | f f f g | a8 [ g ] a bes c4 a | bes a8 f g4 g | f2. \bar"" \break }
f8 a | c4. d8 c [ bes ] a g | f [ g ] a bes c4 c, | f a g f | c2 \bar"" \break
c | f4 f f g | a8 [ g ] a bes c4 a | bes a8 f g4 g | f2. \bar"|."
}
}
%\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
%}
>>
\layout { indent = #0 }
\midi { \tempo 4 = 86 }
</score>
Two versions also exist by [[Henry Walford Davies|H. Walford Davies]], called "Wengen", and "Christmas carol".<ref>http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dw.asp?dc=W3446_GBAJY0110304&vw=dc</ref><ref>http://mander-organs-forum.invisionzone.com/index.php?/topic/3764-walford-davies-tune-for-o-little-town/</ref> "Wengen" was published in ''[[Hymns Ancient and Modern]]'' in 1922,<ref>''[[Hymns Ancient and Modern]]'' (London: William Clowes and Sons, Ltd., 1922)</ref> meanwhile "Christmas Carol" is usually performed only by choirs rather than as a congregational hymn. This is because the first two verses are for treble voices with organ accompaniment, with only the final verse as a chorale/refrain harmony. This setting includes a recitative from the Gospel of Luke at the beginning, and cuts verses 2 and 4 of the original 5-verse carol. This version is often performed at the service of [[Nine Lessons and Carols]] in [[Kings College, Cambridge]].<ref>[http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/events/chapel-services/nine-lessons/order-service-1999.html Order of Service], ''A Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols 1999'', King's College Cambridge 1999.</ref>
[[William Rhys-Herbert]] included a new hymn-tune and harmonization as part of his 1909 cantata, ''Bethany''.
The song has been included in many of the Christmas albums recorded by numerous singers in the modern era.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*Free arrangements for [http://cantorion.org/music/14/O-Little-Town-of-Bethlehem-Forest-Green-tune-%28UK%29 piano] and [http://cantorion.org/music/4164/O-Little-Town-of-Bethlehem-St.-Louis-tune-%28US%29 SATB] from ''Cantorion.org'' (PD, CPDL)
*[http://www.kaiser-ulrich.de/Kaiser/Noten.aspx Free arrangement] for female choir (SSA) by [[:de:Ulrich Kaiser (Musiktheoretiker)|Ulrich Kaiser]]
*[http://imslp.org/wiki/Bethany_%28Rhys-Herbert,_William%29 Free hymn arrangement] in the [http://imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page IMSLP Petrucci Music Library]
* [http://www.traditional-songs.com/download_score.php?name=O%20little%20town%20of%20Bethlehem&country=England Free score]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTPyKwqUUgc Performed by the] [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] Choir, using 'Forest Green' as the tune
* Score of Wengen: ([http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Images/Wengen-1_Walford-Davies.jpg pt 1], [http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Images/Wengen-2_Walford_Davies.jpg pt 2])
* [http://s2.imslp.org/images/thumb/pdfs/6a/018d3167233a7eb3464d4405c4ddaf8da809f02b.png Score of Christmas Carol]
{{DEFAULTSORT:O Little Town Of Bethlehem}}
[[Category:1860s songs]]
[[Category:Christmas carols]]
[[Category:American Christmas songs]]
[[Category:Songs about Israel]]
[[Category:Songs based on poems]]
[[Category:Compositions by Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
[[Category:Songs about cities]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -31,4 +31,49 @@
==Song Lyrics==
O lit
+
+1 O little town of Bethlehem,
+how still we see thee lie;
+above thy deep and dreamless sleep
+the silent stars go by:
+yet in thy dark streets shineth
+the everlasting Light;
+the hopes and fears of all the years
+are met in thee tonight.
+
+2 For Christ is born of Mary,
+and gathered all above,
+while mortals sleep, the angels keep
+their watch of wond'ring love.
+O morning stars, together
+proclaim the holy birth!
+And praises sing to God the King,
+and peace to men on earth.
+
+3 How silently, how silently,
+the wondrous gift is giv'n!
+So God imparts to human hearts
+the blessings of his heav'n.
+No ear may hear his coming,
+but in this world of sin,
+where meek souls will receive him still,
+the dear Christ enters in.
+
+4 O holy child of Bethlehem,
+descend to us, we pray;
+cast out our sin and enter in;
+be born in us today.
+We hear the Christmas angels
+the great glad tidings tell;
+O come to us, abide with us,
+our Lord Emmanuel!
+
+5 Where children pure and happy
+Pray to the blessed Child,
+Where misery cries out to thee,
+Son of the undefiled; (Son of the Mother Mild;)
+Where charity stands watching
+And faith holds wide the door,
+The dark night wakes, the glory breaks,
+And Christmas comes once more.
==Music==
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 10310 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 9114 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | 1196 |
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1 => '1 O little town of Bethlehem,',
2 => 'how still we see thee lie;',
3 => 'above thy deep and dreamless sleep',
4 => 'the silent stars go by:',
5 => 'yet in thy dark streets shineth',
6 => 'the everlasting Light;',
7 => 'the hopes and fears of all the years',
8 => 'are met in thee tonight.',
9 => false,
10 => '2 For Christ is born of Mary,',
11 => 'and gathered all above,',
12 => 'while mortals sleep, the angels keep',
13 => 'their watch of wond'ring love.',
14 => 'O morning stars, together',
15 => 'proclaim the holy birth!',
16 => 'And praises sing to God the King,',
17 => 'and peace to men on earth.',
18 => false,
19 => '3 How silently, how silently,',
20 => 'the wondrous gift is giv'n!',
21 => 'So God imparts to human hearts',
22 => 'the blessings of his heav'n.',
23 => 'No ear may hear his coming,',
24 => 'but in this world of sin,',
25 => 'where meek souls will receive him still,',
26 => 'the dear Christ enters in.',
27 => false,
28 => '4 O holy child of Bethlehem,',
29 => 'descend to us, we pray;',
30 => 'cast out our sin and enter in;',
31 => 'be born in us today.',
32 => 'We hear the Christmas angels',
33 => 'the great glad tidings tell;',
34 => 'O come to us, abide with us,',
35 => 'our Lord Emmanuel! ',
36 => false,
37 => '5 Where children pure and happy',
38 => 'Pray to the blessed Child,',
39 => 'Where misery cries out to thee,',
40 => 'Son of the undefiled; (Son of the Mother Mild;)',
41 => 'Where charity stands watching',
42 => 'And faith holds wide the door,',
43 => 'The dark night wakes, the glory breaks,',
44 => 'And Christmas comes once more.'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1556594844 |