Examine individual changes

'@@ -1,96 +1,22 @@ -{{about|satellite radio as a broadcasting-satellite service (in line to article 1.39, ITU RR)|satellite radio as a radiocommunication service (in line to article 1.111 ITU RR)|Satellite radio system}} +Reference Commonly Abused Drugs and Substances Marijuana + Print Share +Marijuana: Effects, Medical Uses and Legalization +Medically reviewed by L. Anderson, PharmD Last updated on Nov 26, 2018. -{{radio sidebar}} +Disease ReferenceMedication ListQ & A +Botanical name: Cannabis sativa +Other common names: weed, pot, herb, bud, dope, spliff, reefer, grass, ganja, 420, chronic, Mary Jane, gangster, boom, skunk. There are over 200 street names for marijuana. -'''Satellite radio''' is defined by the [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU)'s [[ITU Radio Regulations]] (RR) as a ''[[broadcasting-satellite service]]''.<ref>{{cite book |author= International Telecommunication Union |work= ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.39 |title= Definition: Broadcasting-satellite service}}</ref> The satellite's signals are [[broadcast]] nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations, and the service is primarily intended for the occupants of [[motor vehicle]]s.<ref name="eandrews">{{cite news |first=Edmund L. |last=Andrews |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/08/business/fcc-plan-for-radio-by-satellite.html |title=F.C.C. Plan For Radio By Satellite |work= [[The New York Times]] |date=October 8, 1992}}</ref><ref name="lbelsie">{{cite news |first= Laurent |last=Belsie |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0309/09092.html |title= Digital Audio Broadcasting Plays to Global Audience |work=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=March 9, 1992}}</ref> It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anita |last=Jain |title=Sirius Satellite Moves |work=[[New York Sun]] |p=11 |date=October 29, 2002}}</ref> +What is Marijuana? +Marijuana (cannabis) is a green, brown or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds and flowers of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Marijuana is used as a psychoactive (i.e. mind altering) recreational drug, for certain medical ailments and for religious and spiritual purposes. Sinsemilla, hash/hashish (resinous form) and hash oil (sticky black liquid) are stronger forms of marijuana. -Satellite radio technology was inducted into the [[Space Foundation]] Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2002.<ref name="spacefoundation">{{cite web |url=http://www.spacefoundation.org/programs/space-technology-hall-fame/inducted-technologies/satellite-radio-technology |title=Satellite Radio Technology |website=spacefoundation.org |year=2002 |accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref> Satellite radio uses the 2.3&nbsp;GHz [[S band]] in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting.<ref name="csgnetwork.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.csgnetwork.com/satradiofreq.html |title=Satellite S Band Radio Frequency Table |website=CSG Network |date=August 15, 2011 |accessdate=April 23, 2013}}</ref> In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses the 1.4&nbsp;GHz [[L band]] allocated for DAB.<ref name="kbonsor"/> +According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), marijuana is the most abused drug in the US. Many states in the US have now legalized marijuana for medical or recreational use. However, according to federal law, the possession of marijuana (cannabis) is still illegal in the US, except within approved research settings. +The main active chemical in marijuana is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive ingredient. The highest concentrations of THC are found in the dried flowers, or buds. When marijuana smoke is inhaled, THC rapidly passes from the lungs into the bloodstream and is carried to the brain and other organs throughout the body. THC from the marijuana acts on specific receptors in the brain, called cannabinoid receptors, starting off a chain of cellular reactions that finally lead to the euphoria, or "high" that users experience. Feeling of a relaxed state, euphoria, and an enhanced sensory perception may occur. With higher THC levels in those who are not used to the effects, some people may feel anxious, paranoid, or have a panic attack. -Ondas Media was a Spanish company which had proposed to launch a subscription-based satellite radio system to serve Spain and much of Western Europe, but failed to acquire licenses throughout Europe.{{cn|date=January 2019}} +Certain areas in the brain, such as the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, have a higher concentration of cannabinoid receptors. These areas influence memory, concentration, pleasure, coordination, sensory and time perception.1 -Onde Numérique was a French company which had proposed to launch a subscription-based satellite radio system to serve France and several other countries in Western Europe but has suspended its plans indefinitely, effective December, 2016.{{cn|date=January 2019}} +Marijuana's strength is correlated to the amount of THC it contains and the effects on the user depend on the strength or potency of the THC. Different strains will contain different levels of THC. In general, the THC content in marijuana has been increasing since the 1970s, when it contained roughly 10% THC. In 2015, as reported by Live Science, researchers from the American Chemical Society found levels of THC at roughly 30%. -===United States=== -[[Sirius Satellite Radio]] was founded by [[Martine Rothblatt]], [[David Margolese]] and [[Robert Briskman]].<ref name="mherper">{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Herper |url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0510/second-acts-pharmaceuticals-orphan-drugs-pah-deep-breaths.html |title=From Satellites to Pharmaceuticals |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 22, 2010}}</ref><ref name="swarren">{{cite book |first=Steve |last=Warren |url=https://books.google.com/?id=s0jSxLqs-TwC&pg=PT181&lpg=PT181&dq=cd+radio+david+margolese |title=Radio: The Book |publisher=[[Focal Press]] |year=2004 |p=166|isbn=9780240806969 }}</ref> In June 1990, Rothblatt's shell company, Satellite CD Radio, Inc., petitioned the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) to assign new frequencies for satellites to broadcast digital sound to homes and cars.<ref name="eandrews"/> The company identified and argued in favor of the use of the [[S-band]] frequencies that the FCC subsequently decided to allocate to digital audio broadcasting. The [[National Association of Broadcasters]] contended that satellite radio would harm local radio stations.<ref name="lbelsie"/> +There are many other chemicals found in marijuana, many of which may adversely affect health. Marijuana contains over 60 different cannabinoid compounds, and overall 400 different compounds have been identified in marijuana, including THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, and β-caryophyllene, as noted by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA). -In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as CEO of Satellite CD Radio;<ref name="mherper"/> former NASA engineer Robert Briskman, who designed the company's satellite technology, was then appointed chairman and CEO.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12310541.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031092005/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12310541.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |title=Robert Briskman appointed chairman and CEO |work=Satellite News |date=June 1, 1992}}</ref><ref name="bmclean">{{cite news |first=Bethany |last=McLean |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/01/22/295563/index.htm |title=Satellite Killed The Radio Star| work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=January 22, 2001 |pp=94–100}}</ref> Six months later, [[Rogers Wireless]] co-founder David Margolese, who had provided financial backing for the venture, acquired control of the company and succeeded Briskman. Margolese renamed the company CD Radio, and spent the next five years lobbying the FCC to allow satellite radio to be deployed, and the following five years raising $1.6 billion, which was used to build and launch three satellites into elliptical orbit from [[Kazakhstan]] in July 2000.<ref name="bmclean"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Nancy |last=Dillon |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/money/beaming-radio-high-tech-fast-lane-article-1.875098 |title=Beaming Radio Into High-Tech Fast Lane |work=[[New York Daily News]] |date=June 5, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Christopher H. |last=Sterling |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Z4XJQD4O_TkC&pg=PA750&lpg=PA750&dq=sirius+name+change+orbital#v=onepage&q=sirius%20name%20change%20orbital&f=false |title=Encyclopedia of Radio, Volume 1 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2003 |p=750|isbn=9780203484289 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Romero |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/10/business/xm-satellite-radio-completes-its-financing.html |title=XM Satellite Radio Completes Its Financing |work=New York Times|date=July 10, 2000}}</ref> In 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and "effectively created the industry," the FCC also sold a license to the American Mobile Radio Corporation,<ref>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Houpt |url=http://www.davidmargolese.com/pub/report-on-business-web.pdf |title=Radio Flyer |work=[[Report on Business]] |issue=September 2001 |pp=14–16}}</ref> which changed its name to [[XM Satellite Radio]] in October 1998.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F98E7271A1EFA29&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=AMRC changes name to XM Satellite Radio |author=XM Satellite Radio |location=New York |publisher=BBC Archive |date=November 16, 1998}}</ref> XM was founded by Lon Levin and [[Gary Parsons]], who served as chairman until November 2009.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Vince |last=Beiser |url=https://www.wired.com/science/space/magazine/15-11/ff_spacehotel?currentPage=4 |title=Hotel Biz Zillionaire’s Next Venture? Inflatable Space Pods |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=October 23, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Kathy |last=Shwiff |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703683804574532221444468060 |title=Parsons Resigns as Chairman of Sirius XM Radio |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 12, 2009}}</ref> - -CD Radio purchased their license for $83.3 million, and American Mobile Radio Corporation bought theirs for $89.9 million. Digital Satellite Broadcasting Corporation and [[Primosphere]] were unsuccessful in their bids for licenses.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/media/radio/comparison.html |title=Revolutions in Radio |work=[[PBS]] Newshour |date=May 4, 2005}}</ref> Sky Highway Radio Corporation had also expressed interest in creating a satellite radio network, before being bought out by CD Radio in 1993 for $2 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/sirius-satellite-radio-inc-history/ |title=Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. History |website=fundinguniverse.com |accessdate=May 7, 2013}}</ref> In November 1999, Margolese changed the name of CD Radio to Sirius Satellite Radio.<ref name="swarren"/> In November 2001, Margolese stepped down as CEO, remaining as chairman until November 2003, with Sirius issuing a statement thanking him "for his great vision, leadership and dedication in creating both Sirius and the satellite radio industry."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/David+Margolese+Steps+Down+as+Sirius+CEO.-a079162975 |title=David Margolese Steps Down as Sirius CEO |website=[[PRNewswire]] |date=October 16, 2001}}</ref> - -XM’s first satellite was launched on March 18, 2001 and its second on May 8, 2001.<ref name="kbonsor">{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=Bonsor |url=http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/satellite-radio.htm |title=How Satellite Radio Works |website=[[HowStuffWorks]] |accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref> Its first broadcast occurred on September 25, 2001, nearly four months before Sirius.<ref name="sparker">{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Parker |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-parker/xm-plus-sirius-satellite_b_114678.html |title=XM plus Sirius = Satellite Radio Monopoly |work=[[Huffington Post]] |date=July 24, 2008}}</ref> Sirius launched the initial phase of its service in four cities on February 14, 2002,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://radiomagonline.com/currents/business/radio_sirius_begins_satellite/ |title=Sirius Begins Satellite Service |work=[[Radio (magazine)|Radio]] |date=February 14, 2002 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607222527/http://www.radiomagonline.com/currents/business/radio_sirius_begins_satellite |archivedate=June 7, 2017 |df= }}</ref> expanding to the rest of the contiguous United States on July 1, 2002.<ref name="sparker"/> The two companies spent over $3 billion combined to develop satellite radio technology, build and launch the satellites, and for various other business expenses.<ref name="spacefoundation"/> Stating that it was the only way satellite radio could survive, Sirius and XM announced their merger on February 19, 2007, becoming [[Sirius XM Satellite Radio]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Kim |last=Hart |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/25/AR2008072503026.html?hpid=topnews |title=Satellite Radio Merger Approved |work=[[Washington Post]] |date=July 26, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Richard |last1=Siklos |first2=Andrew Ross |last2=Sorkin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/20/business/media/20radio.html?pagewanted=all |title=Merger Would End Satellite Radio’s Rivalry |work=New York Times |date=February 20, 2007}}</ref> The FCC approved the merger on July 25, 2008, concluding that it was not a monopoly, primarily due to Internet audio-streaming competition.<ref>{{cite news |first=Olga |last=Kharif |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-07-25/the-fcc-approves-the-xm-sirius-mergerbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |title=The FCC Approves the XM-Sirius Merger |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=July 25, 2008}}</ref> - -===Japan=== -[[MobaHo!]] was a mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting service in [[Japan]] whose services began on October 20, 2004, and ended on March 31, 2009.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Conneally |url=http://betanews.com/2008/07/30/toshiba-to-shut-down-mobile-broadcast-tv-service/ |title=Toshiba to shut down mobile broadcast TV service |work=betanews.com |date=July 30, 2008}}</ref> - -===Canada=== -XM satellite radio was launched in Canada on November 29, 2005. Sirius followed two days later on December 1, 2005. [[Sirius Canada]] and [[XM Radio Canada]] announced their merger into [[SiriusXM Canada]] on November 24, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |first=Emil |last=Protalinski |url=http://www.techspot.com/news/41302-xm-and-sirius-to-finally-merge-in-canada.html |title=XM and Sirius to finally merge in Canada |website=techspot.com |date=November 25, 2010}}</ref> It was approved by the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] on April 12, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/89975/crtc-approves-sirius-xm-merger-in-canada |title=CRTC Approves Sirius XM Merger In Canada |website=All Access |date=April 12, 2011}}</ref> - -==System design== -Satellite radio uses the 2.3&nbsp;GHz [[S band]] in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting.<ref name="csgnetwork.com"/> MobaHO! operated at 2.6&nbsp;GHz. In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses part of the 1.4&nbsp;GHz [[L band]] allocated for DAB.<ref name="kbonsor"/> - -Satellite radio subscribers purchase a receiver and pay a monthly subscription fee to listen to programming. They can listen through built-in or portable receivers in automobiles; in the home and office with a portable or tabletop receiver equipped to connect the receiver to a stereo system; or on the Internet.<ref name="shop.siriusxm.com">{{cite web |url=http://shop.siriusxm.com/ |title=Sirius XM: Shop |website=Siriusxm.com}}</ref> - -Ground stations transmit signals to the satellites which are 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the [[Equator]] in [[Geostationary orbit|Clarke belt]] orbits. The satellites send the signals back down to radio receivers in cars and homes. This signal contains scrambled broadcasts, along with meta data about each specific broadcast. The signals are unscrambled by the radio receiver modules, which display the broadcast information. In urban areas, ground repeaters enable signals to be available even if the satellite signal is blocked. The technology allows for nationwide broadcasting, so that, for instance US listeners can hear the same stations anywhere in the country.<ref name="kbonsor"/><ref name="edition.cnn.com">{{cite news |first=Kathleen |last=Kingsbury |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/07/30/satellite.radio/ |title=Satellite radio captures ears of millions |work=[[CNN]] |date=August 4, 2004}}</ref> - -==Content, availability and market penetration== -Satellite radio in the US offers commercial-free music stations, as well as news, sports, and talk, some of which include commercials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.siriusxm.com/channellineup |title=Channel Lineup |website=Siriusxm.com}}</ref> In 2004, satellite radio companies in the United States began providing background music to hotels, retail chains, restaurants, airlines and other businesses.<ref>{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Bunkley |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/techinvestor/industry/2005-01-05-sat-radio-gains_x.htm |title=Satellite radio scores with exclusive programming, in-car deals |work=[[USA Today]] |date=January 5, 2005}}</ref><ref name="bfeder">{{cite news |first=Barnaby J. |last=Feder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/16/business/technology-tuning-in-to-music-that-people-tune-out.html |title=Tuning In to Music That People Tune Out |work=New York Times |date=February 16, 2004}}</ref> On April 30, 2013, Sirius XM CEO Jim Meyer stated that the company would be pursuing opportunities over the next few years to provide in-car services through their existing satellites, including telematics (automated security and safety, such as stolen [[vehicle tracking system|vehicle tracking]] and roadside assistance) and entertainment (such as weather and gas prices).<ref name="lbaker">{{cite news |first=Liana B. |last=Baker |url=https://news.yahoo.com/ceo-expand-sirius-beyond-satellite-radio-cars-182254828.html |title=New CEO to expand Sirius beyond satellite radio in cars |work=[[Reuters]] |date=April 30, 2013}}</ref> - -As of Q3 2016, SiriusXM had 31 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Georg |last=Szalai |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sirius-xm-names-permanent-ceo-448969 |title=Sirius XM Names Jim Meyer Permanent CEO, Boosts Subs, Profit in First Quarter |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 30, 2013}}</ref> This was primarily due to the company’s partnerships with automakers and car dealers. Roughly 60% of new cars sold come equipped with Sirius XM, and just under half of those units gain paid subscriptions. The company has long-term deals with [[General Motors]], [[Ford]], [[Toyota]], [[Kia Motors|Kia]], [[Bentley]], [[BMW]], [[Volkswagen]], [[Nissan]], [[Hyundai Motor Group|Hyundai]] and [[Mitsubishi]].<ref name="trefisteam">{{cite news |author=Trefis Team |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2013/04/12/can-sirius-xm-tune-in-big-subscriber-growth-this-year/ |title=Can Sirius XM Tune In Big Subscriber Growth This Year? |work=Forbes |date=April 12, 2013}}</ref> The presence of [[Howard Stern]], whose show attracts over 12 million listeners per week, has also been a factor in the company’s steady growth.<ref name="trefisteam"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Bercovici |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2012/04/03/sirius-xms-mel-karmazin-im-one-of-the-most-underpaid-executives-in-the-history-of-executive-payment/ |title=Sirius XM’s Mel Karmazin: ‘I’m One of the Most Underpaid Executives in the History of Executive Payment |work=Forbes'' |date=April 3, 2012}}</ref> As of 2013, the main competition to satellite radio is streaming Internet services, such as [[Pandora Radio|Pandora]] and [[Spotify]], as well as [[FM broadcasting|FM]] and [[AM broadcasting|AM]] Radio.<ref name="lbaker"/> - -==Satellite radio vs. other formats== -Satellite radio differs from AM, FM radio, and [[digital television radio]] (DTR) in the following ways (the table applies primarily to the United States): - -{| class="wikitable" -|- -! Radio format !! Satellite radio !! AM/FM !! [[Digital television radio]] (DTR) -|- -| '''Monthly fees''' || US$10.99 and up || Free|| Free for terrestrial. Very low for [[cable television]] or satellite—DTR represents a small portion of the total monthly television fee. -|- -| '''Portability''' || Available || Prominent || None—a typical set consists of a stereo attached to a television [[set-top box]] (the primary function of the set top-box is normally designed for viewing digital television on an analogue set). -|- -|- -| '''Listening availability''' || Very high—a satellite signal's footprint covers millions of square kilometres. || Low to moderate{{cn|date=May 2019}} — implementation of FM service requires moderate to high population densities and is thus not practical in rural and/or remote locales; AM travels great distances at night. || Very high -|- -| '''Sound quality''' || Varies{{efn|name=quality varies}} || AM: Usually very low <br/> FM: Usually Moderate, but can be very high || Varies{{efn|name=quality varies}} -|- -| '''Variety and depth of programming''' || Highest || Variable—highly dependent upon economic/demographic factors || Variable—dependent on location and the television provider for cable and satellite, dependent on the various packages they provide and on the user's subscription. -|- -| '''Frequency of programming interruptions (by DJs or commercial advertising)'''{{efn|name=interruptions}} || None to high—mostly dependent on the channels, some of which have DJs; most channels are advertisement-free because of the paid subscription model of satellite radio. || Highest{{efn|name=PSA}} || None to low—dependent on the provider; however, it is common that some stations will have DJs. Usually no advertisements on subscription services ([[DirecTV]] and [[Dish Network]] both claim to provide advertisement-free content). -|- -| '''Governmental regulation''' || Yes<!--[[Help:Cite errors/Cite error references missing key]] trouble putting note with embedded reference in list-->{{efn|name=FCC|In the United States, the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] regulates technical broadcast spectrum only. Program content is unregulated. However, the FCC has tried in the past to expand its reach to regulate content to satellite radio and cable television, and its options are still open to attempt such in the future. The FCC does issue licenses to SiriusXM, the satellite radio provider, and controls who holds these licenses to broadcast.<ref name="Erskine">{{Cite journal|last=Erskine|first=Daniel H.|date=2007-05-20|title=Satellite Digital Audio Radio Searching for Novel Theories of Action|ssrn=987358|location=Rochester, NY}}</ref> Many of their channels, including the pop music ones, are self-regulated.}} (minimal) || Yes—significant governmental regulations regarding content{{efn|name=regulation}} || Yes for terrestrial. For cable and satellite, low to none{{efn|name=FCC}} -|} - -{{Notelist|refs= -{{efn|name=quality varies|The sound quality with both satellite radio providers and DTR providers varies with each channel. Some channels have near CD-quality audio, and others use low-bandwidth audio suitable only for speech. Since only a certain amount of bandwidth is available within the licenses available, adding more channels means that the quality on some channels must be reduced. Both the frequency response and the dynamic range of satellite channels can be superior to most, but not all AM or FM radio stations, as most AM and FM stations clip the audio peaks to sound louder; even the worst channels are still superior to most AM radios, but a very few AM tuners are equal to or better than the best FM or satellite broadcasts when tuned to a local station, even if not capable of stereo. The use of [[HD Radio]] technology can allow AM and FM broadcasts to exceed the quality of satellite. AM does not suffer from multipath distortion or flutter in a moving vehicle like FM, nor does it become silent as you go behind a big hill like satellite radio.}} - -{{efn|name=interruptions|Some satellite radio services and DTR services act as ''in situ'' repeaters for local AM/FM stations and thus feature a high frequency of interruption.}} - -{{efn|name=PSA|Nonprofit stations and public radio networks such as [[Public Radio International|PRI-affiliated]] stations and the [[BBC Radio|BBC]] are commercial-free. In the US, all stations are required to have periodic station identifications and public service announcements.}} - -{{efn|name=regulation|Degree of content regulation varies by country; however, the majority of industrialized nations have regulations regarding obscene and/or objectionable content.}} -}} - -==See also== -{{Portal|Radio}} -* [[Digital Multimedia Broadcasting]] -* [[List of United States radio networks]] -* [[MobaHo!]] -* [[Radio music ripping|Ripping music from satellite radio broadcasts]] -* [[Satellite subcarrier audio]] -* [[Sirius XM Radio]] - -==References== -{{Reflist|2}} - -==Further reading== -* {{cite journal|author=Navis, Chad & Glynn, Mary Ann |title=How new market categories emerge: Temporal dynamics of legitimacy, identity, and entrepreneurship in satellite radio, 1990–2005|journal=Administrative Science Quarterly|date=2010|volume=55|number=3 |pages=439–471|doi=10.2189/asqu.2010.55.3.439}} -{{Satcomm|state=uncollapsed}} -{{Audio broadcasting}} - -{{DEFAULTSORT:Satellite Radio}} -[[Category:International broadcasting]] -[[Category:Digital radio]] -[[Category:Satellite radio|*]] -[[Category:Radio technology]] - -[[de:Satellitenradio]] +How is Marijuana Used? 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