Examine individual changes
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name) | '2600:387:8:9:0:0:0:9D' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'viewmywatchlist',
6 => 'editmywatchlist',
7 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
8 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
9 => 'editmyoptions',
10 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
11 => 'urlshortener-create-url',
12 => 'centralauth-merge',
13 => 'abusefilter-view',
14 => 'abusefilter-log',
15 => 'vipsscaler-test'
] |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | true |
Page ID (page_id) | 44302597 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | '8chan' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | '8chan' |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
0 => 'GRuban',
1 => '2601:648:8700:28F8:28C8:E2FD:1C8E:9E4',
2 => 'MusikAnimal',
3 => '5.28.167.8',
4 => 'Grayfell',
5 => 'Slavicanimefan2005',
6 => 'Creffett',
7 => '24.187.129.236',
8 => 'Nigos',
9 => '156.0.193.106'
] |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'Opening up these pigs eyes' |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{other uses| 8chan (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{short description|imageboard website}}
{{Use mdy dates|date= August 2018}}
{{Infobox website
| name = 8chan
| logo = InfiniteChan∞chanLogo.svg
| logo alt = A green infinity symbol left of the word chan.
| logo size = 200px
| screenshot =
| alt =
| caption =
| url = {{URL|https://8ch.net}}{{dead link|date=August 2019}} {{Onion URL|oxwugzccvk3dk6tj}}{{dead link|date=September 2019}}
| slogan =
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[Imageboard]]
| language = English (users can create language-specific boards)
| registration = Optional
| author = [[Fredrick Brennan]]
| owner = Jim Watkins<br /> N.T. Technology ([[2channel]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Who owns 8chan? |url=https://8ch.net/who.html |website=8chan |accessdate=August 8, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805060433/https://8ch.net/who.html |archivedate=August 5, 2019}}</ref>
| launch date = {{start date and age|2013|10|22|df= no}}
| alexa = {{Increase}} 3,832 <small>(Global, June 2019)</small><br />1,208 <small>(United States, March 2019)</small><ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/8ch.net |title=8ch.net Site Info |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref>
| current status = No longer on [[Clearnet (networking)|clearnet]] as of {{end date|2019|8|4}}
}}
'''8chan''', also called '''Infinitechan''' or '''Infinitychan''' (stylized as '''∞chan'''), is<!--Please do not change this to past tense without discussion--> an [[imageboard]] website composed of user-created [[message board]]s. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration.<ref name="faq">{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |url=https://8ch.net/faq.html |title=FAQ |publisher=Infinitechan |website=8chan.net |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805065011/https://8ch.net/faq.html |archivedate=August 5, 2019 |accessdate= November 23, 2014}}</ref>
As with unaffiliated imageboard [[4chan]], the site is linked to the [[alt-right]], [[racism]] and [[anti-Semitism]], [[hate crime]]s, and multiple [[mass shooting]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website |title=8chan: the far-right website linked to the rise in hate crimes |last=Wong |first=Julia Carrie |date=2019-08-04 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2019-08-05 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan Is a Megaphone for Gunmen. 'Shut the Site Down,' Says Its Creator. |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2019-08-04 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-08-05 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/business/el-paso-shooting-8chan-biz/index.html |title=El Paso shooting is at least the third atrocity linked to 8chan this year |last=CNN |first=Gianluca Mezzofiore and Donie O'Sullivan |website=CNN |access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The site is also known for its presence of [[child pornography]],<ref name="Howell2014" /> and as a result, it was filtered out from [[Google Search]].<ref name="ars-8chancensor" /> Several of the site's boards played an active role in the [[Gamergate controversy]], encouraging Gamergate affiliates to frequent 8chan after 4chan banned the topic. {{As of|2019|June|df=}}, 8chan was the 3,832nd most visited site in the world.<ref name="alexa" /> {{As of|2014|November|df=}}, it received an average of 35,000 unique visitors per day and 400,000 posts per week.<ref name=Howell2014 />
In the aftermath of the back-to-back mass shootings on August 3 and August 4, 2019, in [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso, Texas]], and [[2019 Dayton shooting|Dayton, Ohio]], respectively, the site was taken off the [[Clearnet (networking)|clearnet]] on August 5, 2019, after the network infrastructure provider [[Cloudflare]] stopped providing their [[content delivery network]] (CDN) service. Voxility, a web services company that had been renting servers to [[Epik (domain registrar)|Epik]], the site's new CDN provider through brand BitMitigate, also terminated service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=8chan goes dark after hardware provider discontinues service |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/5/20754943/8chan-epik-offline-voxility-service-cutoff-hate-speech-ban |accessdate=5 August 2019 |work=The Verge |date=5 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/ |title=A defiant 8chan vowed to fight on, saying its ‘heartbeat is strong.’ Then a tech firm knocked it offline. |last=Harwell |first=Drew |website=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> Shortly before the El Paso shooting, a four-page message justifying the attack was posted to 8chan, and police have stated that they are "reasonably confident" it was posted by the perpetrator.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan, Megaphone for Gunmen, Has Gone Dark. ‘Shut the Site Down,’ Says Its Creator. |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin |website=The New York Times |accessdate=August 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/investigators-reasonably-confident-texas-suspect-left-anti-immigrant-screed-tipped-n1039031 |title=Investigators ‘reasonably confident’ Texas suspect left anti-immigrant screed |last=Collins |first=Ben |date=August 3, 2019 |website=NBC News |language=en |access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref>
{{Antisemitism}}
==History==
8chan was created in October 2013 by computer programmer [[Fredrick Brennan]],<ref>{{cite interview |last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |interviewer=Sam Machkovech |title=Full transcript: Ars interviews 8chan founder Fredrick Brennan |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/ |work=[[Ars Technica]] |accessdate=June 15, 2015 |date=March 17, 2015 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135937/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/ |archivedate=November 25, 2015}}</ref> better known by his alias "Hotwheels".<ref name="KYM"/><ref name="13things">{{cite web |last1=Tunison |first1=Mike |title=What is 8chan, the internet's most dangerous message board? |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/8chan/ |website=The Daily Dot |accessdate=May 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> Brennan created the website after he observed what he perceived to be rapidly escalating [[surveillance]] and a loss of [[free speech]] on the Internet.<ref name=Howell2014 /> Brennan, who considers the imageboard [[4chan]] to have grown into authoritarianism, describes 8chan as a "free-speech-friendly" alternative,<ref name="Howell2014">{{cite web |last=Howell O'Neill |first=Patrick |date=November 17, 2014 |url=http://www.dailydot.com/politics/8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate/ |title=8chan, the central hive of Gamergate, is also an active pedophile network |work=The Daily Dot}}</ref> and originally conceptualized the site while experiencing a [[psychedelic experience|psychedelic mushrooms trip]].<ref name="KYM"/><ref name="WashPost">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/ |title=This is what happens when you create an online community without any rules |last=Caitlin |first=Dewey |date=January 13, 2015 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
No experience or programming knowledge is necessary for users to create their own boards.<ref name="faq" /> Since as early as March 2014, its [[FAQ]] has stated only one rule that is to be globally enforced: "Do not post, request, or link to any content illegal in the United States of America. Do not create boards with the sole purpose of posting or spreading such content."<ref name="faq" /> Brennan has claimed that, while he finds some of the content posted by users to be "reprehensible", he feels personally obligated to uphold the site's integrity by tolerating discussion he does not necessarily support regardless of his moral stance.<ref name=Howell2014 />
Brennan agreed to partner 8chan with the Japanese message board [[2channel]],<ref name="KYM">{{cite interview|url=http://knowyourmeme.com/blog/interviews/qa-with-fredrick-brennan-of-8chan|title=Q&A with Fredrick Brennan of 8chan|last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |interviewer=Don Caldwell |date=October 9, 2014|work=[[Know Your Meme]]|accessdate=December 18, 2014}}</ref> and subsequently relocated to the [[Philippines]] in October 2014.<ref name=Chen />
In January 2015, the site changed its [[Domain name|domain]] 8chan.co to 8ch.net after multiple people filed reports complaining to 8chan's [[Domain name registrar|registrar]] that the message board hosted [[child pornography]]. Despite subsequently regaining the domain, the site remained at 8ch.net, with the old domain redirecting to it.<ref name=WashPost />
Numerous bugs in the Infinity software led to the funding and development of a successor platform dubbed "Infinity Next". After a several-month-long testing period, a migration to the new software was attempted in December 2015, but failed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww |format=Plaintext |title=qt2ww |last=Moon |first=Joshua |date=December 19, 2015 |accessdate=December 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20151219125144/https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww |archivedate=December 19, 2015 }}</ref>{{clarify|date=December 2015}} In January 2016, development was halted, and the main developer, [[Joshua Moon]], was fired by Brennan.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brennan|first1=Fredrick|title=Infinity Never|url=https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5|website=Medium|accessdate=February 2, 2016|language=English|date=January 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185528/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5|archive-date=February 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Brennan himself officially resigned in July 2016, turning the site over to its owner, Jim Watkins and his son, Ron.{{clarify|date=August 2019}}<!-- When did Watkins acquire it?--><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b|title='Hotwheels'—a postmortem|last=8chan.co|date=July 4, 2016|website=Medium|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214349/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b|archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="13things"/> He cited the failure of the "Infinity Next" project and disillusionment with what 8chan had become as reasons.<ref name=":0" />
===August 2019 removal from clearnet===
Following the [[#2019 shootings|three shootings in 2019]] ([[Christchurch mosque shootings|Christchurch, New Zealand, in March]]; [[Poway synagogue shooting|Poway, California, in April]]; [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso, Texas, in August]]), in which the perpetrators of each used 8chan as a platform to spread their manifesto, there was increased pressure on those providing 8chan's Internet services to terminate their support.<ref name="nytimes 20190804"/>
Matthew Prince, CEO of [[Cloudflare]], initially defended his firm's technological support of 8chan on August 3, 2019, the day of the [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso shooting]]: "What happened in El Paso today is abhorrent in every possible way, and it's ugly, and I hate that there's any association between us and that … For us the question is which is the worse evil?".<ref name="Matthew Prince"/>
However, by the next day, August 4, with increasing press attention, Cloudflare changed its position, and rescinded its support for 8chan effective midnight August 5 [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific Time]], potentially leaving the site open for [[denial of service]] attacks. Prince stated "Unfortunately the action we take today won't fix hate online...It will almost certainly not even remove 8chan from the Internet. But it is the right thing to do."<ref name="the verge 20190804"/> The Cloudflare Blog wrote that "8chan is among the more than 19 million Internet properties that use Cloudflare's service. We just sent notice that we are terminating 8chan as a customer effective at midnight tonight Pacific Time. The rationale is simple: they have proven themselves to be lawless and that lawlessness has caused multiple tragic deaths. Even if 8chan may not have violated the letter of the law in refusing to moderate their hate-filled community, they have created an environment that revels in violating its spirit."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.cloudflare.com/terminating-service-for-8chan/ |title=Terminating Service for 8Chan |website=Cloudflare Blog}}</ref> Brennan, the creator of 8chan who ceased being the owner in 2015 and ceased working for the website in 2018, stated on August 4, 2019 that 8chan should be shut down,<ref name="nytimes 20190804">{{cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan Is a Megaphone for Gunmen. 'Shut the Site Down,' Says Its Creator |work=The New York Times |date=August 4, 2019 |access-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref> and subsequently thanked Cloudflare for its decision to pull 8chan's support.<ref name="the verge 20190804">{{cite web |url =https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/4/20754310/cloudflare-8chan-fredrick-brennan-ddos-attack |title=Cloudflare to revoke 8chan's service, opening the fringe website up for DDoS attacks |first=Makena |last=Kelly |date=August 4, 2019 |accessdate=August 4, 2019 |work=[[The Verge]]}}</ref>
[[Tucows]] also terminated its support as 8chan's [[domain name registrar]], making the site difficult to access. In the wake of Cloudflare and Tucows' changes, 8chan switched its domain register to [[Epik (domain registrar)#BitMitigate|BitMitigate]], a division of Epik, a provider that had previously serviced right-wing sites like [[Gab (social network)|Gab]] and ''[[The Daily Stormer]]''. After 8chan moved to Epik, the company's CEO [[Rob Monster]] wrote, "Freedom of speech and expression are fundamental rights in a free society. We enter into a slippery slope when we start to limit speech that makes us uncomfortable."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/08/05/8chan-cloudflare-internet-services-pull-support/ |title=The internet is racing to cut ties with 8chan after another deadly shooting |first=Christine |last=Fischer |date=August 5, 2019 |accessdate=August 5, 2019 |work=[[Engadget]]}}</ref> However, Voxility, the company that provided BitMitigate and Epik with its own servers and Internet connectivity, then took steps to stop leasing servers to BitMitigate, taking that site offline, and stating that the intended use of their servers violated their acceptable use policy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.1c96e6f36d5e |title=A defiant 8chan vowed to fight on, saying its ‘heartbeat is strong.’ Then a tech firm knocked it offline. |first=Drew |last=Harwell |date=August 5, 2019 |accessdate=August 5, 2019 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Monster changed his decision to provide content hosting to 8chan soon after the company's removal from Voxility, although ''[[Ars Technica]]'' noted that the company had begun providing 8chan with DNS services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/08/8chan-resurfaces-along-with-the-daily-stormer-and-a-nazi-site/|title=8chan resurfaces, along with The Daily Stormer and another Nazi site|last=Salter|first=Jim|date=August 7, 2019|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref>
Although the website was unreachable through its usual domain on the clearnet, users continued to access the site through its IP address and via its [[.onion]] address on the [[darknet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/d1a1ba8d3cf24202b5c45815b05c441d|title=8chan owner heading to US as lawmakers seek answers|last=Bajak|first=Frank|date=August 7, 2019|website=[[The Associated Press]]|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> Security researcher and terrorism analyst [[Rita Katz]] noted that 8chan had also appeared on [[ZeroNet]], another darkweb network, although an 8chan administrator tweeted that their team was not the one running the site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.darkowl.com/blog/8chan-finds-new-home-on-dark-web|title=8chan Activates "Emergency Bunker" on Dark Web|date=August 6, 2019|website=DarkOwl|language=en-US|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref>
On August 6, 2019, the [[United States House Committee on Homeland Security]] called 8chan's owner Jim Watkins, an American living in the Philippines, to testify about the website's efforts to tackle "the proliferation of extremist content, including white supremacist content".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-shooting-tech-idUSKCN1UX012 |title=8chan owner called before Congress, as latest host drops site |authors=Katie Paul and Elizabeth Culliford |date=August 6, 2019 |website=Reuters.com |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> On August 11, 2019, Watkins uploaded a YouTube video saying that 8chan had been offline "voluntarily", and that it would go back online after he spoke with the Homeland Security Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/8chan-owner-says-site-will-stay-down-until-he-talks-with-congress/|title=8chan owner says site will stay down until he talks with Congress|last=Gonzalez|first=Oscar|date=August 13, 2019|website=[[CNET]]|language=en|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref>
==Controversies==
Numerous controversies related to content posted on 8chan have arisen, to the extent that participation by individuals or companies in the website can itself cause controversy. On February 25, 2019, [[THQ Nordic]] hosted an AMA (ask me anything) thread on the video games board of the website, /v/, [[THQ Nordic GmbH#8chan incident|for which it later apologized]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techraptor.net/content/thq-nordic-issues-apology-for-8chan-ama |title=THQ Nordic Issues Apology For 8Chan AMA |website=Tech Raptor}}</ref>
===Gamergate===
{{main|Gamergate controversy}}
On September 18, 2014, 8chan became entangled in the [[Gamergate controversy]] after 4chan banned discussion of Gamergate,<ref name=Howell2014 /><ref name="Chen"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Audureau |first=William |title=4chan, wizardchan, 8chan... s'y retrouver dans la jungle des forums anonymes les plus populaires du Web |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2014/10/15/4chan-wizardchan-8chan-le-guide-des-forums-anonymes-les-plus-populaires-du-web_4505380_4408996.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |location=France |language=French |date=October 15, 2014}}</ref> whereupon 8chan became one of several hubs for Gamergate activity.<ref name=Howell2014 /><ref name="Chen">{{cite web |last=Chen |first=Adrian |date=October 27, 2014 |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/gamergate-supporters-party-at-strip-club.html |title=Gamergate Supporters Partied at a Strip Club This Weekend |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]}}</ref><ref name="Buzz"/><ref name="Guardian 2015-01-13" /> 8chan's initial Gamergate-oriented board also gained attention after being compromised by members of the internet troll group [[Gay Nigger Association of America]], forcing Gamergate activists to migrate to "/gamergate/". This replacement quickly became the site's second-most accessed board.<ref name="Buzz">{{cite web |last1=Bernstein |first1=Joseph |title=GamerGate's Headquarters Has Been Destroyed By Trolls |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/gamergates-headquarters-has-been-destroyed-by-trolls |work=[[Buzzfeed]] |date=December 4, 2014}}</ref>
===Swatting incidents and violent threats===
In January 2015 the site was used as a base for [[swatting]] exploits in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Seattle]], and [[Burnaby|Burnaby, British Columbia]], most of them tied to the victims' criticism of Gamergate and 8chan's association with it;<ref name="Mattise">{{cite web |last=Mattise |first=Nathan |date=January 4, 2015 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/01/8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address/ |title=8chan tries "swatting" GamerGate critic, sends cops to an old address |work=Ars Technica}}</ref> the attacks were coordinated on a [[Internet forum|board]] on the website called "/baphomet/".<ref name="Guardian 2015-01-13">{{cite news |last=Hern |first=Alex |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics |title=Gamergate hits new low with attempts to send Swat teams to critics |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 13, 2015 |accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref> One of the victims of a swatting attack said that she was singled out because she had followed someone on [[Twitter]].<ref name="GlobalNews 2015-01-15">{{cite news |last=McElroy |first=Justin |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1773840/police-called-to-burnaby-womens-home-by-online-harassers/ |title=Police falsely called to Burnaby women's home by online harassers |work=[[Global News]] |date=January 15, 2015 |accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/|title=Canadian Victim of Gamergate SWATing Attempt Comes Forward |work=Gameranx |last=Cheong |first=Ian Miles |date=January 13, 2015 |accessdate=January 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116035109/http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/ |archivedate=January 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://bc.ctvnews.ca/reckless-swatting-prank-sends-police-to-b-c-woman-s-home-1.2189547 |title=Reckless ‘swatting’ prank sends police to B.C. woman's home |work=[[CTV News]]|date=January 14, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2015 |author=<!-- Staff writers -->}}</ref> On February 9, 2015, contents on the "/baphomet/" subboard were wiped after [[doxxing|personal information]] of [[Katherine B. Forrest|Katherine Forrest]], the presiding judge in the [[Silk Road (marketplace)|Silk Road]] case, had been posted there.<ref name="silkroad">{{cite web |title=Notorious 8chan "subboard" has history wiped after federal judge's doxing |first=Sam |last=Machkovech |work=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2015 |accessdate=February 13, 2015 |url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/02/notorious-8chan-subboard-has-history-wiped-after-federal-judges-doxing/}}</ref>
On 2019 a post threatening mass shooting against [[Bethel Park High School]] was posted on 8chan; as a result an 18-year-old individual was arrested and charged with one count of terroristic threats and one count of retaliation against a witness or victim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Teen Facing Multiple Charges For Allegedly Threatening Bethel Park High School |url=https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/03/18/xavier-cisneros-arrested-bethel-park-school-threat/ |accessdate=25 June 2019 |language=en |date=18 March 2019}}</ref>
===Child pornography===
Boards have been created to discuss topics such as [[child rape]]. While the sharing of illegal content is against site rules, ''[[The Daily Dot]]'' wrote that boards do exist to share sexualized images of minors in provocative poses, and that some users of those boards do post links to explicit child pornography hosted elsewhere.<ref name="Howell2014"/> When asked whether such boards were an inevitable result of free speech, Brennan responded, "Unfortunately, yes. I don’t support the content on the boards you mentioned, but it is simply the cost of free speech and being the only active site to not impose more 'laws' than those that were passed in [[Washington, D.C.]]"<ref name="Howell2014"/>
In August 2015, 8chan was blacklisted from [[Google Search]] for what Google described as content constituting "suspected child abuse content".<ref name=ars-8chancensor>{{cite web |title=8chan-hosted content disappears from Google searches |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/08/8chan-hosted-content-disappears-from-google-searches/ |last=Machkovech |first=Sam |website=Ars Technica |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=August 14, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref>
=== Donald Trump presidential campaign ===
In July 2016, U.S. presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]] tweeted an image of [[Hillary Clinton]] with a background of money and a six-pointed star which resembled the [[Star of David]], containing the message "Most corrupt candidate ever". The image had been posted to 8chan's /pol/ board as early as June 22, over a week before Trump's team tweeted it. A watermark on the image led to a twitter account which had published many other overtly racist and antisemitic images.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/147711/donald-trump-s-star-of-david-hillary-clinton-meme-was-created-by-white-supremacists |title=Mic Discovered Who Created Trump's Anti-Semitic Hillary Meme – And It's Disturbing |first=Anthony |last=Smith |work=[[Mic (media company)|Mic]] |date=July 3, 2016 |accessdate=September 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wendling |first=Mike |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37021991 |title=Trump's shock troops: Who are the 'alt-right'? |work=BBC News |date=August 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |title=Donald Trump’s Star of David Tweet Came From a Fringe Website, a Report Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/us/politics/donald-trumps-star-of-david-tweet-came-from-a-fringe-website-a-report-says.html |accessdate=September 10, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=July 3, 2016}}</ref>
=== QAnon ===
{{main|QAnon}}
During 2018, a user that referred to himself as "Q" gained attention and promoted conspiracy theories about the [[Deep state in the United States|deep state]], eventually leading to an international movement. [[Sean Hannity]] has retweeted QAnon hashtags on his Twitter feed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/02/20/anti-abortion-group-operation-rescue-has-become-fully-red-pilled-by-an-8chan-conspiracy-theory_partner/ |title=Anti-abortion group Operation Rescue has become fully "red-pilled" by an 8chan conspiracy theory |date=February 20, 2018 |work=Salon |access-date=March 14, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/01/08/infowars-fully-embraces-storm-conspiracy-theory-called-new-pizzagate/219005 |title=Infowars fully embraces 'The Storm', a conspiracy theory called "the new Pizzagate" |date=January 8, 2018 |work=Media Matters for America |access-date=March 14, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@willsommer/meet-the-storm-the-conspiracy-theory-taking-over-the-pro-trump-internet-3ec94bf7d8a3 |title=Meet "The Storm," the conspiracy theory taking over the pro-Trump internet |last=Sommer |first=Will |date=January 12, 2018 |website=Medium |access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> The original group of Q followers on Reddit were banned on March 14, 2018, over their promotion of the theory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/willsommer/status/974040645781291009 |title=Reddit has banned the main subreddit devoted to the right-wing "#QAnon" conspiracy theory popular on Infowars, and is apparently purging a bunch of users' accounts as wellpic.twitter.com/3EZvxbuVJH |last=Sommer |first=Will |date=March 14, 2018 |website=@willsommer |language=en |access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> They quickly regrouped into a new subreddit, which featured posts from Q and other anonymous posters on 8chan in a more reader-friendly format. The subreddit was banned<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-qanon-n900531 |title=Who is behind the Qanon conspiracy? We've traced it to three people |website=NBC News |language=en |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> for a second time on September 12, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/qanon-movement-reddit-ban-voat-facebook/ |title=QAnon Followers Have Limited Options After Reddit Ban |date=2018-09-14 |website=The Daily Dot |language=en |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> With a flood of new users on the board, Q asked one of the website's owners, Ron Watkins, to upgrade the website's servers in order to accommodate all of the board's website traffic on September 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://qanon.pub/?q=upgrade#2224 |title=Q |website=qanon.pub |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref>
The movement has been linked with the [[Pizzagate conspiracy theory]]. The Q movement has also been linked to the hashtags #TheGreatAwakening and #WWG1WGA,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@martingeddes/wwg1wga-the-greatest-communications-event-in-history-698ba926df64 |title=WWG1WGA: The greatest communications event in history |last=Geddes |first=Martin |date=2018-07-11 |website=Medium |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> which stands for "where we go one, we go all"; it's also sometimes linked with the phrase "Follow the White Rabbit".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/follow-the-white-rabbit-conspiracy-theory/ |title='Follow the White Rabbit' is the most bonkers conspiracy theory you will ever read |date=November 21, 2017 |access-date=March 14, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Louisiana Police's antifa list ===
In September 2018, the [[Louisiana State Police]] were scrutinized for using a [[hoax]] list of personal information about supposed [[antifascist]] ([[Antifa (United States)|antifa]]) activists originally posted on 8chan's politics board. The document, dubbed "full list of antifa.docx" by police officers, actually contained the names of several thousand people who signed online petitions against President Donald Trump. The State Police has refused to disclose the list, claiming it would "compromise" ongoing criminal investigations in which it expects arrests. A lawsuit against Louisiana State Police was filed on behalf of the record requester by Harvard lecturer and former public defender Thomas Frampton, alleging that the Police's refusal to release the list indicates that it actually believed the credibility of the hoax list and used it in investigatons and litigations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20180902/08580340566/louisiana-police-appear-to-be-using-hoax-antifa-list-created-8chan-to-open-criminal-investigations.shtml |title=Louisiana Police Appear To Be Using A Hoax Antifa List Created By 8Chan To Open Criminal Investigations |first=Sep 4th 2018 10:44am-Tim Cushing |last=Tue |website=Techdirt}}</ref>
===2019 shootings===
The perpetrators of [[Christchurch mosque shootings]], [[Poway synagogue shooting]] and [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso shooting]] of 2019 each used 8chan to spread their manifesto. As a result, there have been increased pressure on those providing 8chan's Internet services to terminate their support,<ref name="nytimes 20190804"/> which led to the services companies' withdrawal from providing CDN and domain registry, [[#August 2019 removal from clearnet|taking the website off the clearnet]].
==== Christchurch mosque shootings ====
Prior to the [[Christchurch mosque shootings|shootings]] at [[Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch|Al Noor Mosque]] and [[Linwood Islamic Centre]] in [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]], on March 15, 2019, the alleged perpetrator posted links to the 17-minute [[Facebook features|Facebook Live]] video of the first attack on Al Noor Mosque and his [[White nationalism|white nationalist]], [[Neo-fascism|neo-fascist]] manifesto ''The Great Replacement'' (named after [[The Great Replacement conspiracy theory|the French far-right theory of the same name]] by writer [[Renaud Camus]]) detailing his [[Islamophobia|anti-Islamic]] and [[Nativism (politics)|anti-immigration]] reasons for the attack. The shootings that ensued left 51 dead and 50 more injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734 |accessdate=15 March 2019 |title=Gunman’s family in Australia called police after news of Christchurch massacre |work=[[news.com.au]] |date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Graham-McLay |first1=Charlotte |last2=Ramzy |first2=Austin |last3=Victor |first3=Daniel |title=New Zealand Police Say Multiple Deaths in 2 Mosque Shootings in Christchurch |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/christchurch-nz-shooting.html |accessdate=15 March 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/new-zealand-shooting-updates-christchurch.html |title=Christchurch Shooting Updates: 40 Are Dead After 2 Mosques Are Hit |work=The New York Times |date=March 14, 2019}}</ref> The shooter shared links to the live stream video only minutes before the attack on 8chan and on Facebook. Some members of 8chan re-shared it and applauded the violent murders.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2019/03/15/after-the-new-zealand-terror-attack-should-8chan-be-wiped-from-the-web/ |title=After The New Zealand Terror Attack, Should 8chan Be Wiped From The Web? |last=Brewster |first=Thomas |date=15 March 2019 |website=Forbes|language=en |accessdate=2019-03-18}}</ref>
On March 20, 2019, Australian telecom companies [[Telstra]], [[Optus]], and [[Vodafone (Australia)|Vodafone]] denied millions of Australians access to the websites [[4chan]], 8chan, [[Zero Hedge]], and [[Liveleak]] as a reaction to the Christchurch mosque shootings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/christchurch-attack-video-australia-block-internet-isps-telstra-vodafone-1368174 |title=4chan, 8chan, LiveLeak and Others Blocked by Australian Internet Companies over Mosque Massacre Video}}</ref>
==== Poway synagogue shooting ====
John T. Earnest, the alleged perpetrator of the [[Poway synagogue shooting]] at the [[Chabad of Poway]] in [[Poway, California]] on April 27, 2019 and the [[Escondido mosque fire]] at the Islamic Center of Escondido in [[Escondido, California]] on March 25, 2019, had posted links to his [[open letter]] and his attempted livestream on 8chan, which Earnest also named as a place of radicalization for him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/us-news/anti-semitic-open-letter-online-under-chabad-synagogue-n999211 |title=Anti-Semitic open letter posted online under name of Chabad synagogue shooting suspect |last=Collins |first=Ben |date=April 27, 2019 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=April 29, 2019 |publisher=[[NBC Universal]] |last2=Blankstein |first2=Andrew}}</ref> According to 8chan's Twitter, the shooter's post was removed nine minutes after its creation.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=8chan (8ch.net)|user=infinitechan |number=1122494322283167745 |date=April 28, 2019 |title=The Poway shooter's post on 8chan was taken down NINE minutes after creation. There are only screencaps available and no archives exist since the post was deleted so quickly. The loudest groups publicizing this crime and giving attention to this CRIMINAL are the fake-news media.}}</ref>
==== El Paso shooting ====
Patrick Crusius of [[Allen, Texas]], the alleged perpetrator of the [[2019 El Paso shooting]] at a [[Walmart]] store in [[El Paso, Texas]] on August 3, 2019, posted a four-page [[white nationalist]] manifesto ''The Inconvenient Truth'' on 8chan less than an hour before the shooting began. 8chan moderators quickly removed the original post, though users continued to circulate links to this manifesto.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2019/08/04/the-el-paso-shooting-and-the-gamification-of-terror/ |title=The El Paso Shooting and the Gamification of Terror |last=Evans |first=Robert |date=August 4, 2019 |publisher=Bellingcat}}</ref><ref name="Matthew Prince">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 August 2019 |accessdate=3 August 2019 |author=Julia Carrie Wong |title=8chan: the far-right website linked to the rise in hate crimes |quote=Three attackers in six months allegedly posted their plans on the site in advance. In an exclusive interview, Silicon Valley CEO explains his ‘moral obligation’ to keep 8chan online}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* {{Official website}} {{dead link|date=August 2019}}
* {{Onion Official site|oxwugzccvk3dk6tj}}
{{Gamergate controversy}}
{{Tor hidden services}}
{{Alt-right footer}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:8chan}}
[[Category:2channel]]
[[Category:American websites]]
[[Category:Internet trolling]]
[[Category:Community websites]]
[[Category:Free web software]]
[[Category:Internet forums]]
[[Category:Imageboards]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2013]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies]]
[[Category:Tor hidden services]]
[[Category:Alt-right]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'No racism. We all have two eyes and a mouth in one skull under one god.
==History==
8chan was created in October 2013 by computer programmer [[Fredrick Brennan]],<ref>{{cite interview |last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |interviewer=Sam Machkovech |title=Full transcript: Ars interviews 8chan founder Fredrick Brennan |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/ |work=[[Ars Technica]] |accessdate=June 15, 2015 |date=March 17, 2015 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135937/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/ |archivedate=November 25, 2015}}</ref> better known by his alias "Hotwheels".<ref name="KYM"/><ref name="13things">{{cite web |last1=Tunison |first1=Mike |title=What is 8chan, the internet's most dangerous message board? |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/8chan/ |website=The Daily Dot |accessdate=May 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> Brennan created the website after he observed what he perceived to be rapidly escalating [[surveillance]] and a loss of [[free speech]] on the Internet.<ref name=Howell2014 /> Brennan, who considers the imageboard [[4chan]] to have grown into authoritarianism, describes 8chan as a "free-speech-friendly" alternative,<ref name="Howell2014">{{cite web |last=Howell O'Neill |first=Patrick |date=November 17, 2014 |url=http://www.dailydot.com/politics/8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate/ |title=8chan, the central hive of Gamergate, is also an active pedophile network |work=The Daily Dot}}</ref> and originally conceptualized the site while experiencing a [[psychedelic experience|psychedelic mushrooms trip]].<ref name="KYM"/><ref name="WashPost">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/ |title=This is what happens when you create an online community without any rules |last=Caitlin |first=Dewey |date=January 13, 2015 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
No experience or programming knowledge is necessary for users to create their own boards.<ref name="faq" /> Since as early as March 2014, its [[FAQ]] has stated only one rule that is to be globally enforced: "Do not post, request, or link to any content illegal in the United States of America. Do not create boards with the sole purpose of posting or spreading such content."<ref name="faq" /> Brennan has claimed that, while he finds some of the content posted by users to be "reprehensible", he feels personally obligated to uphold the site's integrity by tolerating discussion he does not necessarily support regardless of his moral stance.<ref name=Howell2014 />
Brennan agreed to partner 8chan with the Japanese message board [[2channel]],<ref name="KYM">{{cite interview|url=http://knowyourmeme.com/blog/interviews/qa-with-fredrick-brennan-of-8chan|title=Q&A with Fredrick Brennan of 8chan|last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |interviewer=Don Caldwell |date=October 9, 2014|work=[[Know Your Meme]]|accessdate=December 18, 2014}}</ref> and subsequently relocated to the [[Philippines]] in October 2014.<ref name=Chen />
In January 2015, the site changed its [[Domain name|domain]] 8chan.co to 8ch.net after multiple people filed reports complaining to 8chan's [[Domain name registrar|registrar]] that the message board hosted [[child pornography]]. Despite subsequently regaining the domain, the site remained at 8ch.net, with the old domain redirecting to it.<ref name=WashPost />
Numerous bugs in the Infinity software led to the funding and development of a successor platform dubbed "Infinity Next". After a several-month-long testing period, a migration to the new software was attempted in December 2015, but failed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww |format=Plaintext |title=qt2ww |last=Moon |first=Joshua |date=December 19, 2015 |accessdate=December 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20151219125144/https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww |archivedate=December 19, 2015 }}</ref>{{clarify|date=December 2015}} In January 2016, development was halted, and the main developer, [[Joshua Moon]], was fired by Brennan.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brennan|first1=Fredrick|title=Infinity Never|url=https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5|website=Medium|accessdate=February 2, 2016|language=English|date=January 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185528/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5|archive-date=February 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Brennan himself officially resigned in July 2016, turning the site over to its owner, Jim Watkins and his son, Ron.{{clarify|date=August 2019}}<!-- When did Watkins acquire it?--><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b|title='Hotwheels'—a postmortem|last=8chan.co|date=July 4, 2016|website=Medium|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214349/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b|archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="13things"/> He cited the failure of the "Infinity Next" project and disillusionment with what 8chan had become as reasons.<ref name=":0" />
===August 2019 removal from clearnet===
Following the [[#2019 shootings|three shootings in 2019]] ([[Christchurch mosque shootings|Christchurch, New Zealand, in March]]; [[Poway synagogue shooting|Poway, California, in April]]; [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso, Texas, in August]]), in which the perpetrators of each used 8chan as a platform to spread their manifesto, there was increased pressure on those providing 8chan's Internet services to terminate their support.<ref name="nytimes 20190804"/>
Matthew Prince, CEO of [[Cloudflare]], initially defended his firm's technological support of 8chan on August 3, 2019, the day of the [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso shooting]]: "What happened in El Paso today is abhorrent in every possible way, and it's ugly, and I hate that there's any association between us and that … For us the question is which is the worse evil?".<ref name="Matthew Prince"/>
However, by the next day, August 4, with increasing press attention, Cloudflare changed its position, and rescinded its support for 8chan effective midnight August 5 [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific Time]], potentially leaving the site open for [[denial of service]] attacks. Prince stated "Unfortunately the action we take today won't fix hate online...It will almost certainly not even remove 8chan from the Internet. But it is the right thing to do."<ref name="the verge 20190804"/> The Cloudflare Blog wrote that "8chan is among the more than 19 million Internet properties that use Cloudflare's service. We just sent notice that we are terminating 8chan as a customer effective at midnight tonight Pacific Time. The rationale is simple: they have proven themselves to be lawless and that lawlessness has caused multiple tragic deaths. Even if 8chan may not have violated the letter of the law in refusing to moderate their hate-filled community, they have created an environment that revels in violating its spirit."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.cloudflare.com/terminating-service-for-8chan/ |title=Terminating Service for 8Chan |website=Cloudflare Blog}}</ref> Brennan, the creator of 8chan who ceased being the owner in 2015 and ceased working for the website in 2018, stated on August 4, 2019 that 8chan should be shut down,<ref name="nytimes 20190804">{{cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan Is a Megaphone for Gunmen. 'Shut the Site Down,' Says Its Creator |work=The New York Times |date=August 4, 2019 |access-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref> and subsequently thanked Cloudflare for its decision to pull 8chan's support.<ref name="the verge 20190804">{{cite web |url =https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/4/20754310/cloudflare-8chan-fredrick-brennan-ddos-attack |title=Cloudflare to revoke 8chan's service, opening the fringe website up for DDoS attacks |first=Makena |last=Kelly |date=August 4, 2019 |accessdate=August 4, 2019 |work=[[The Verge]]}}</ref>
[[Tucows]] also terminated its support as 8chan's [[domain name registrar]], making the site difficult to access. In the wake of Cloudflare and Tucows' changes, 8chan switched its domain register to [[Epik (domain registrar)#BitMitigate|BitMitigate]], a division of Epik, a provider that had previously serviced right-wing sites like [[Gab (social network)|Gab]] and ''[[The Daily Stormer]]''. After 8chan moved to Epik, the company's CEO [[Rob Monster]] wrote, "Freedom of speech and expression are fundamental rights in a free society. We enter into a slippery slope when we start to limit speech that makes us uncomfortable."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/08/05/8chan-cloudflare-internet-services-pull-support/ |title=The internet is racing to cut ties with 8chan after another deadly shooting |first=Christine |last=Fischer |date=August 5, 2019 |accessdate=August 5, 2019 |work=[[Engadget]]}}</ref> However, Voxility, the company that provided BitMitigate and Epik with its own servers and Internet connectivity, then took steps to stop leasing servers to BitMitigate, taking that site offline, and stating that the intended use of their servers violated their acceptable use policy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.1c96e6f36d5e |title=A defiant 8chan vowed to fight on, saying its ‘heartbeat is strong.’ Then a tech firm knocked it offline. |first=Drew |last=Harwell |date=August 5, 2019 |accessdate=August 5, 2019 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Monster changed his decision to provide content hosting to 8chan soon after the company's removal from Voxility, although ''[[Ars Technica]]'' noted that the company had begun providing 8chan with DNS services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/08/8chan-resurfaces-along-with-the-daily-stormer-and-a-nazi-site/|title=8chan resurfaces, along with The Daily Stormer and another Nazi site|last=Salter|first=Jim|date=August 7, 2019|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref>
Although the website was unreachable through its usual domain on the clearnet, users continued to access the site through its IP address and via its [[.onion]] address on the [[darknet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/d1a1ba8d3cf24202b5c45815b05c441d|title=8chan owner heading to US as lawmakers seek answers|last=Bajak|first=Frank|date=August 7, 2019|website=[[The Associated Press]]|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> Security researcher and terrorism analyst [[Rita Katz]] noted that 8chan had also appeared on [[ZeroNet]], another darkweb network, although an 8chan administrator tweeted that their team was not the one running the site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.darkowl.com/blog/8chan-finds-new-home-on-dark-web|title=8chan Activates "Emergency Bunker" on Dark Web|date=August 6, 2019|website=DarkOwl|language=en-US|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref>
On August 6, 2019, the [[United States House Committee on Homeland Security]] called 8chan's owner Jim Watkins, an American living in the Philippines, to testify about the website's efforts to tackle "the proliferation of extremist content, including white supremacist content".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-shooting-tech-idUSKCN1UX012 |title=8chan owner called before Congress, as latest host drops site |authors=Katie Paul and Elizabeth Culliford |date=August 6, 2019 |website=Reuters.com |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> On August 11, 2019, Watkins uploaded a YouTube video saying that 8chan had been offline "voluntarily", and that it would go back online after he spoke with the Homeland Security Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/8chan-owner-says-site-will-stay-down-until-he-talks-with-congress/|title=8chan owner says site will stay down until he talks with Congress|last=Gonzalez|first=Oscar|date=August 13, 2019|website=[[CNET]]|language=en|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref>
==Controversies==
Numerous controversies related to content posted on 8chan have arisen, to the extent that participation by individuals or companies in the website can itself cause controversy. On February 25, 2019, [[THQ Nordic]] hosted an AMA (ask me anything) thread on the video games board of the website, /v/, [[THQ Nordic GmbH#8chan incident|for which it later apologized]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techraptor.net/content/thq-nordic-issues-apology-for-8chan-ama |title=THQ Nordic Issues Apology For 8Chan AMA |website=Tech Raptor}}</ref>
===Gamergate===
{{main|Gamergate controversy}}
On September 18, 2014, 8chan became entangled in the [[Gamergate controversy]] after 4chan banned discussion of Gamergate,<ref name=Howell2014 /><ref name="Chen"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Audureau |first=William |title=4chan, wizardchan, 8chan... s'y retrouver dans la jungle des forums anonymes les plus populaires du Web |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2014/10/15/4chan-wizardchan-8chan-le-guide-des-forums-anonymes-les-plus-populaires-du-web_4505380_4408996.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |location=France |language=French |date=October 15, 2014}}</ref> whereupon 8chan became one of several hubs for Gamergate activity.<ref name=Howell2014 /><ref name="Chen">{{cite web |last=Chen |first=Adrian |date=October 27, 2014 |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/gamergate-supporters-party-at-strip-club.html |title=Gamergate Supporters Partied at a Strip Club This Weekend |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]}}</ref><ref name="Buzz"/><ref name="Guardian 2015-01-13" /> 8chan's initial Gamergate-oriented board also gained attention after being compromised by members of the internet troll group [[Gay Nigger Association of America]], forcing Gamergate activists to migrate to "/gamergate/". This replacement quickly became the site's second-most accessed board.<ref name="Buzz">{{cite web |last1=Bernstein |first1=Joseph |title=GamerGate's Headquarters Has Been Destroyed By Trolls |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/gamergates-headquarters-has-been-destroyed-by-trolls |work=[[Buzzfeed]] |date=December 4, 2014}}</ref>
===Swatting incidents and violent threats===
In January 2015 the site was used as a base for [[swatting]] exploits in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Seattle]], and [[Burnaby|Burnaby, British Columbia]], most of them tied to the victims' criticism of Gamergate and 8chan's association with it;<ref name="Mattise">{{cite web |last=Mattise |first=Nathan |date=January 4, 2015 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/01/8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address/ |title=8chan tries "swatting" GamerGate critic, sends cops to an old address |work=Ars Technica}}</ref> the attacks were coordinated on a [[Internet forum|board]] on the website called "/baphomet/".<ref name="Guardian 2015-01-13">{{cite news |last=Hern |first=Alex |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics |title=Gamergate hits new low with attempts to send Swat teams to critics |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 13, 2015 |accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref> One of the victims of a swatting attack said that she was singled out because she had followed someone on [[Twitter]].<ref name="GlobalNews 2015-01-15">{{cite news |last=McElroy |first=Justin |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1773840/police-called-to-burnaby-womens-home-by-online-harassers/ |title=Police falsely called to Burnaby women's home by online harassers |work=[[Global News]] |date=January 15, 2015 |accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/|title=Canadian Victim of Gamergate SWATing Attempt Comes Forward |work=Gameranx |last=Cheong |first=Ian Miles |date=January 13, 2015 |accessdate=January 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116035109/http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/ |archivedate=January 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://bc.ctvnews.ca/reckless-swatting-prank-sends-police-to-b-c-woman-s-home-1.2189547 |title=Reckless ‘swatting’ prank sends police to B.C. woman's home |work=[[CTV News]]|date=January 14, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2015 |author=<!-- Staff writers -->}}</ref> On February 9, 2015, contents on the "/baphomet/" subboard were wiped after [[doxxing|personal information]] of [[Katherine B. Forrest|Katherine Forrest]], the presiding judge in the [[Silk Road (marketplace)|Silk Road]] case, had been posted there.<ref name="silkroad">{{cite web |title=Notorious 8chan "subboard" has history wiped after federal judge's doxing |first=Sam |last=Machkovech |work=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2015 |accessdate=February 13, 2015 |url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/02/notorious-8chan-subboard-has-history-wiped-after-federal-judges-doxing/}}</ref>
On 2019 a post threatening mass shooting against [[Bethel Park High School]] was posted on 8chan; as a result an 18-year-old individual was arrested and charged with one count of terroristic threats and one count of retaliation against a witness or victim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Teen Facing Multiple Charges For Allegedly Threatening Bethel Park High School |url=https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/03/18/xavier-cisneros-arrested-bethel-park-school-threat/ |accessdate=25 June 2019 |language=en |date=18 March 2019}}</ref>
===Child pornography===
Boards have been created to discuss topics such as [[child rape]]. While the sharing of illegal content is against site rules, ''[[The Daily Dot]]'' wrote that boards do exist to share sexualized images of minors in provocative poses, and that some users of those boards do post links to explicit child pornography hosted elsewhere.<ref name="Howell2014"/> When asked whether such boards were an inevitable result of free speech, Brennan responded, "Unfortunately, yes. I don’t support the content on the boards you mentioned, but it is simply the cost of free speech and being the only active site to not impose more 'laws' than those that were passed in [[Washington, D.C.]]"<ref name="Howell2014"/>
In August 2015, 8chan was blacklisted from [[Google Search]] for what Google described as content constituting "suspected child abuse content".<ref name=ars-8chancensor>{{cite web |title=8chan-hosted content disappears from Google searches |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/08/8chan-hosted-content-disappears-from-google-searches/ |last=Machkovech |first=Sam |website=Ars Technica |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=August 14, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref>
=== Donald Trump presidential campaign ===
In July 2016, U.S. presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]] tweeted an image of [[Hillary Clinton]] with a background of money and a six-pointed star which resembled the [[Star of David]], containing the message "Most corrupt candidate ever". The image had been posted to 8chan's /pol/ board as early as June 22, over a week before Trump's team tweeted it. A watermark on the image led to a twitter account which had published many other overtly racist and antisemitic images.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/147711/donald-trump-s-star-of-david-hillary-clinton-meme-was-created-by-white-supremacists |title=Mic Discovered Who Created Trump's Anti-Semitic Hillary Meme – And It's Disturbing |first=Anthony |last=Smith |work=[[Mic (media company)|Mic]] |date=July 3, 2016 |accessdate=September 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wendling |first=Mike |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37021991 |title=Trump's shock troops: Who are the 'alt-right'? |work=BBC News |date=August 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |title=Donald Trump’s Star of David Tweet Came From a Fringe Website, a Report Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/us/politics/donald-trumps-star-of-david-tweet-came-from-a-fringe-website-a-report-says.html |accessdate=September 10, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=July 3, 2016}}</ref>
=== QAnon ===
{{main|QAnon}}
During 2018, a user that referred to himself as "Q" gained attention and promoted conspiracy theories about the [[Deep state in the United States|deep state]], eventually leading to an international movement. [[Sean Hannity]] has retweeted QAnon hashtags on his Twitter feed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/02/20/anti-abortion-group-operation-rescue-has-become-fully-red-pilled-by-an-8chan-conspiracy-theory_partner/ |title=Anti-abortion group Operation Rescue has become fully "red-pilled" by an 8chan conspiracy theory |date=February 20, 2018 |work=Salon |access-date=March 14, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/01/08/infowars-fully-embraces-storm-conspiracy-theory-called-new-pizzagate/219005 |title=Infowars fully embraces 'The Storm', a conspiracy theory called "the new Pizzagate" |date=January 8, 2018 |work=Media Matters for America |access-date=March 14, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@willsommer/meet-the-storm-the-conspiracy-theory-taking-over-the-pro-trump-internet-3ec94bf7d8a3 |title=Meet "The Storm," the conspiracy theory taking over the pro-Trump internet |last=Sommer |first=Will |date=January 12, 2018 |website=Medium |access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> The original group of Q followers on Reddit were banned on March 14, 2018, over their promotion of the theory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/willsommer/status/974040645781291009 |title=Reddit has banned the main subreddit devoted to the right-wing "#QAnon" conspiracy theory popular on Infowars, and is apparently purging a bunch of users' accounts as wellpic.twitter.com/3EZvxbuVJH |last=Sommer |first=Will |date=March 14, 2018 |website=@willsommer |language=en |access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> They quickly regrouped into a new subreddit, which featured posts from Q and other anonymous posters on 8chan in a more reader-friendly format. The subreddit was banned<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-qanon-n900531 |title=Who is behind the Qanon conspiracy? We've traced it to three people |website=NBC News |language=en |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> for a second time on September 12, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/qanon-movement-reddit-ban-voat-facebook/ |title=QAnon Followers Have Limited Options After Reddit Ban |date=2018-09-14 |website=The Daily Dot |language=en |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> With a flood of new users on the board, Q asked one of the website's owners, Ron Watkins, to upgrade the website's servers in order to accommodate all of the board's website traffic on September 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://qanon.pub/?q=upgrade#2224 |title=Q |website=qanon.pub |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref>
The movement has been linked with the [[Pizzagate conspiracy theory]]. The Q movement has also been linked to the hashtags #TheGreatAwakening and #WWG1WGA,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@martingeddes/wwg1wga-the-greatest-communications-event-in-history-698ba926df64 |title=WWG1WGA: The greatest communications event in history |last=Geddes |first=Martin |date=2018-07-11 |website=Medium |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> which stands for "where we go one, we go all"; it's also sometimes linked with the phrase "Follow the White Rabbit".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/follow-the-white-rabbit-conspiracy-theory/ |title='Follow the White Rabbit' is the most bonkers conspiracy theory you will ever read |date=November 21, 2017 |access-date=March 14, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Louisiana Police's antifa list ===
In September 2018, the [[Louisiana State Police]] were scrutinized for using a [[hoax]] list of personal information about supposed [[antifascist]] ([[Antifa (United States)|antifa]]) activists originally posted on 8chan's politics board. The document, dubbed "full list of antifa.docx" by police officers, actually contained the names of several thousand people who signed online petitions against President Donald Trump. The State Police has refused to disclose the list, claiming it would "compromise" ongoing criminal investigations in which it expects arrests. A lawsuit against Louisiana State Police was filed on behalf of the record requester by Harvard lecturer and former public defender Thomas Frampton, alleging that the Police's refusal to release the list indicates that it actually believed the credibility of the hoax list and used it in investigatons and litigations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20180902/08580340566/louisiana-police-appear-to-be-using-hoax-antifa-list-created-8chan-to-open-criminal-investigations.shtml |title=Louisiana Police Appear To Be Using A Hoax Antifa List Created By 8Chan To Open Criminal Investigations |first=Sep 4th 2018 10:44am-Tim Cushing |last=Tue |website=Techdirt}}</ref>
===2019 shootings===
The perpetrators of [[Christchurch mosque shootings]], [[Poway synagogue shooting]] and [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso shooting]] of 2019 each used 8chan to spread their manifesto. As a result, there have been increased pressure on those providing 8chan's Internet services to terminate their support,<ref name="nytimes 20190804"/> which led to the services companies' withdrawal from providing CDN and domain registry, [[#August 2019 removal from clearnet|taking the website off the clearnet]].
==== Christchurch mosque shootings ====
Prior to the [[Christchurch mosque shootings|shootings]] at [[Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch|Al Noor Mosque]] and [[Linwood Islamic Centre]] in [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]], on March 15, 2019, the alleged perpetrator posted links to the 17-minute [[Facebook features|Facebook Live]] video of the first attack on Al Noor Mosque and his [[White nationalism|white nationalist]], [[Neo-fascism|neo-fascist]] manifesto ''The Great Replacement'' (named after [[The Great Replacement conspiracy theory|the French far-right theory of the same name]] by writer [[Renaud Camus]]) detailing his [[Islamophobia|anti-Islamic]] and [[Nativism (politics)|anti-immigration]] reasons for the attack. The shootings that ensued left 51 dead and 50 more injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734 |accessdate=15 March 2019 |title=Gunman’s family in Australia called police after news of Christchurch massacre |work=[[news.com.au]] |date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Graham-McLay |first1=Charlotte |last2=Ramzy |first2=Austin |last3=Victor |first3=Daniel |title=New Zealand Police Say Multiple Deaths in 2 Mosque Shootings in Christchurch |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/christchurch-nz-shooting.html |accessdate=15 March 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/new-zealand-shooting-updates-christchurch.html |title=Christchurch Shooting Updates: 40 Are Dead After 2 Mosques Are Hit |work=The New York Times |date=March 14, 2019}}</ref> The shooter shared links to the live stream video only minutes before the attack on 8chan and on Facebook. Some members of 8chan re-shared it and applauded the violent murders.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2019/03/15/after-the-new-zealand-terror-attack-should-8chan-be-wiped-from-the-web/ |title=After The New Zealand Terror Attack, Should 8chan Be Wiped From The Web? |last=Brewster |first=Thomas |date=15 March 2019 |website=Forbes|language=en |accessdate=2019-03-18}}</ref>
On March 20, 2019, Australian telecom companies [[Telstra]], [[Optus]], and [[Vodafone (Australia)|Vodafone]] denied millions of Australians access to the websites [[4chan]], 8chan, [[Zero Hedge]], and [[Liveleak]] as a reaction to the Christchurch mosque shootings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/christchurch-attack-video-australia-block-internet-isps-telstra-vodafone-1368174 |title=4chan, 8chan, LiveLeak and Others Blocked by Australian Internet Companies over Mosque Massacre Video}}</ref>
==== Poway synagogue shooting ====
John T. Earnest, the alleged perpetrator of the [[Poway synagogue shooting]] at the [[Chabad of Poway]] in [[Poway, California]] on April 27, 2019 and the [[Escondido mosque fire]] at the Islamic Center of Escondido in [[Escondido, California]] on March 25, 2019, had posted links to his [[open letter]] and his attempted livestream on 8chan, which Earnest also named as a place of radicalization for him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/us-news/anti-semitic-open-letter-online-under-chabad-synagogue-n999211 |title=Anti-Semitic open letter posted online under name of Chabad synagogue shooting suspect |last=Collins |first=Ben |date=April 27, 2019 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=April 29, 2019 |publisher=[[NBC Universal]] |last2=Blankstein |first2=Andrew}}</ref> According to 8chan's Twitter, the shooter's post was removed nine minutes after its creation.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=8chan (8ch.net)|user=infinitechan |number=1122494322283167745 |date=April 28, 2019 |title=The Poway shooter's post on 8chan was taken down NINE minutes after creation. There are only screencaps available and no archives exist since the post was deleted so quickly. The loudest groups publicizing this crime and giving attention to this CRIMINAL are the fake-news media.}}</ref>
==== El Paso shooting ====
Patrick Crusius of [[Allen, Texas]], the alleged perpetrator of the [[2019 El Paso shooting]] at a [[Walmart]] store in [[El Paso, Texas]] on August 3, 2019, posted a four-page [[white nationalist]] manifesto ''The Inconvenient Truth'' on 8chan less than an hour before the shooting began. 8chan moderators quickly removed the original post, though users continued to circulate links to this manifesto.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2019/08/04/the-el-paso-shooting-and-the-gamification-of-terror/ |title=The El Paso Shooting and the Gamification of Terror |last=Evans |first=Robert |date=August 4, 2019 |publisher=Bellingcat}}</ref><ref name="Matthew Prince">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 August 2019 |accessdate=3 August 2019 |author=Julia Carrie Wong |title=8chan: the far-right website linked to the rise in hate crimes |quote=Three attackers in six months allegedly posted their plans on the site in advance. In an exclusive interview, Silicon Valley CEO explains his ‘moral obligation’ to keep 8chan online}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* {{Official website}} {{dead link|date=August 2019}}
* {{Onion Official site|oxwugzccvk3dk6tj}}
{{Gamergate controversy}}
{{Tor hidden services}}
{{Alt-right footer}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:8chan}}
[[Category:2channel]]
[[Category:American websites]]
[[Category:Internet trolling]]
[[Category:Community websites]]
[[Category:Free web software]]
[[Category:Internet forums]]
[[Category:Imageboards]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2013]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies]]
[[Category:Tor hidden services]]
[[Category:Alt-right]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,32 +1,3 @@
-{{other uses| 8chan (disambiguation)}}
-{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
-{{short description|imageboard website}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date= August 2018}}
-{{Infobox website
-| name = 8chan
-| logo = InfiniteChan∞chanLogo.svg
-| logo alt = A green infinity symbol left of the word chan.
-| logo size = 200px
-| screenshot =
-| alt =
-| caption =
-| url = {{URL|https://8ch.net}}{{dead link|date=August 2019}} {{Onion URL|oxwugzccvk3dk6tj}}{{dead link|date=September 2019}}
-| slogan =
-| commercial = Yes
-| type = [[Imageboard]]
-| language = English (users can create language-specific boards)
-| registration = Optional
-| author = [[Fredrick Brennan]]
-| owner = Jim Watkins<br /> N.T. Technology ([[2channel]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Who owns 8chan? |url=https://8ch.net/who.html |website=8chan |accessdate=August 8, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805060433/https://8ch.net/who.html |archivedate=August 5, 2019}}</ref>
-| launch date = {{start date and age|2013|10|22|df= no}}
-| alexa = {{Increase}} 3,832 <small>(Global, June 2019)</small><br />1,208 <small>(United States, March 2019)</small><ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/8ch.net |title=8ch.net Site Info |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref>
-| current status = No longer on [[Clearnet (networking)|clearnet]] as of {{end date|2019|8|4}}
-}}
-'''8chan''', also called '''Infinitechan''' or '''Infinitychan''' (stylized as '''∞chan'''), is<!--Please do not change this to past tense without discussion--> an [[imageboard]] website composed of user-created [[message board]]s. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration.<ref name="faq">{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |url=https://8ch.net/faq.html |title=FAQ |publisher=Infinitechan |website=8chan.net |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805065011/https://8ch.net/faq.html |archivedate=August 5, 2019 |accessdate= November 23, 2014}}</ref>
-
-As with unaffiliated imageboard [[4chan]], the site is linked to the [[alt-right]], [[racism]] and [[anti-Semitism]], [[hate crime]]s, and multiple [[mass shooting]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website |title=8chan: the far-right website linked to the rise in hate crimes |last=Wong |first=Julia Carrie |date=2019-08-04 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2019-08-05 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan Is a Megaphone for Gunmen. 'Shut the Site Down,' Says Its Creator. |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2019-08-04 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-08-05 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/business/el-paso-shooting-8chan-biz/index.html |title=El Paso shooting is at least the third atrocity linked to 8chan this year |last=CNN |first=Gianluca Mezzofiore and Donie O'Sullivan |website=CNN |access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The site is also known for its presence of [[child pornography]],<ref name="Howell2014" /> and as a result, it was filtered out from [[Google Search]].<ref name="ars-8chancensor" /> Several of the site's boards played an active role in the [[Gamergate controversy]], encouraging Gamergate affiliates to frequent 8chan after 4chan banned the topic. {{As of|2019|June|df=}}, 8chan was the 3,832nd most visited site in the world.<ref name="alexa" /> {{As of|2014|November|df=}}, it received an average of 35,000 unique visitors per day and 400,000 posts per week.<ref name=Howell2014 />
-
-In the aftermath of the back-to-back mass shootings on August 3 and August 4, 2019, in [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso, Texas]], and [[2019 Dayton shooting|Dayton, Ohio]], respectively, the site was taken off the [[Clearnet (networking)|clearnet]] on August 5, 2019, after the network infrastructure provider [[Cloudflare]] stopped providing their [[content delivery network]] (CDN) service. Voxility, a web services company that had been renting servers to [[Epik (domain registrar)|Epik]], the site's new CDN provider through brand BitMitigate, also terminated service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=8chan goes dark after hardware provider discontinues service |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/5/20754943/8chan-epik-offline-voxility-service-cutoff-hate-speech-ban |accessdate=5 August 2019 |work=The Verge |date=5 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/ |title=A defiant 8chan vowed to fight on, saying its ‘heartbeat is strong.’ Then a tech firm knocked it offline. |last=Harwell |first=Drew |website=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> Shortly before the El Paso shooting, a four-page message justifying the attack was posted to 8chan, and police have stated that they are "reasonably confident" it was posted by the perpetrator.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan, Megaphone for Gunmen, Has Gone Dark. ‘Shut the Site Down,’ Says Its Creator. |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin |website=The New York Times |accessdate=August 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/investigators-reasonably-confident-texas-suspect-left-anti-immigrant-screed-tipped-n1039031 |title=Investigators ‘reasonably confident’ Texas suspect left anti-immigrant screed |last=Collins |first=Ben |date=August 3, 2019 |website=NBC News |language=en |access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref>
-{{Antisemitism}}
+No racism. We all have two eyes and a mouth in one skull under one god.
==History==
' |
New page size (new_size) | 31922 |
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Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => 'No racism. We all have two eyes and a mouth in one skull under one god.'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{other uses| 8chan (disambiguation)}}',
1 => '{{pp-pc|small=yes}}',
2 => '{{short description|imageboard website}}',
3 => '{{Use mdy dates|date= August 2018}}',
4 => '{{Infobox website',
5 => '| name = 8chan',
6 => '| logo = InfiniteChan∞chanLogo.svg',
7 => '| logo alt = A green infinity symbol left of the word chan.',
8 => '| logo size = 200px',
9 => '| screenshot =',
10 => '| alt =',
11 => '| caption =',
12 => '| url = {{URL|https://8ch.net}}{{dead link|date=August 2019}} {{Onion URL|oxwugzccvk3dk6tj}}{{dead link|date=September 2019}}',
13 => '| slogan =',
14 => '| commercial = Yes',
15 => '| type = [[Imageboard]]',
16 => '| language = English (users can create language-specific boards)',
17 => '| registration = Optional',
18 => '| author = [[Fredrick Brennan]]',
19 => '| owner = Jim Watkins<br /> N.T. Technology ([[2channel]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Who owns 8chan? |url=https://8ch.net/who.html |website=8chan |accessdate=August 8, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805060433/https://8ch.net/who.html |archivedate=August 5, 2019}}</ref>',
20 => '| launch date = {{start date and age|2013|10|22|df= no}}',
21 => '| alexa = {{Increase}} 3,832 <small>(Global, June 2019)</small><br />1,208 <small>(United States, March 2019)</small><ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/8ch.net |title=8ch.net Site Info |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref>',
22 => '| current status = No longer on [[Clearnet (networking)|clearnet]] as of {{end date|2019|8|4}}',
23 => '}}',
24 => ''''8chan''', also called '''Infinitechan''' or '''Infinitychan''' (stylized as '''∞chan'''), is<!--Please do not change this to past tense without discussion--> an [[imageboard]] website composed of user-created [[message board]]s. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration.<ref name="faq">{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Fredrick |url=https://8ch.net/faq.html |title=FAQ |publisher=Infinitechan |website=8chan.net |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805065011/https://8ch.net/faq.html |archivedate=August 5, 2019 |accessdate= November 23, 2014}}</ref>',
25 => '',
26 => 'As with unaffiliated imageboard [[4chan]], the site is linked to the [[alt-right]], [[racism]] and [[anti-Semitism]], [[hate crime]]s, and multiple [[mass shooting]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website |title=8chan: the far-right website linked to the rise in hate crimes |last=Wong |first=Julia Carrie |date=2019-08-04 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2019-08-05 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan Is a Megaphone for Gunmen. 'Shut the Site Down,' Says Its Creator. |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2019-08-04 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-08-05 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/business/el-paso-shooting-8chan-biz/index.html |title=El Paso shooting is at least the third atrocity linked to 8chan this year |last=CNN |first=Gianluca Mezzofiore and Donie O'Sullivan |website=CNN |access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The site is also known for its presence of [[child pornography]],<ref name="Howell2014" /> and as a result, it was filtered out from [[Google Search]].<ref name="ars-8chancensor" /> Several of the site's boards played an active role in the [[Gamergate controversy]], encouraging Gamergate affiliates to frequent 8chan after 4chan banned the topic. {{As of|2019|June|df=}}, 8chan was the 3,832nd most visited site in the world.<ref name="alexa" /> {{As of|2014|November|df=}}, it received an average of 35,000 unique visitors per day and 400,000 posts per week.<ref name=Howell2014 /> ',
27 => '',
28 => 'In the aftermath of the back-to-back mass shootings on August 3 and August 4, 2019, in [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso, Texas]], and [[2019 Dayton shooting|Dayton, Ohio]], respectively, the site was taken off the [[Clearnet (networking)|clearnet]] on August 5, 2019, after the network infrastructure provider [[Cloudflare]] stopped providing their [[content delivery network]] (CDN) service. Voxility, a web services company that had been renting servers to [[Epik (domain registrar)|Epik]], the site's new CDN provider through brand BitMitigate, also terminated service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=8chan goes dark after hardware provider discontinues service |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/5/20754943/8chan-epik-offline-voxility-service-cutoff-hate-speech-ban |accessdate=5 August 2019 |work=The Verge |date=5 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/ |title=A defiant 8chan vowed to fight on, saying its ‘heartbeat is strong.’ Then a tech firm knocked it offline. |last=Harwell |first=Drew |website=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> Shortly before the El Paso shooting, a four-page message justifying the attack was posted to 8chan, and police have stated that they are "reasonably confident" it was posted by the perpetrator.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html |title=8chan, Megaphone for Gunmen, Has Gone Dark. ‘Shut the Site Down,’ Says Its Creator. |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin |website=The New York Times |accessdate=August 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/investigators-reasonably-confident-texas-suspect-left-anti-immigrant-screed-tipped-n1039031 |title=Investigators ‘reasonably confident’ Texas suspect left anti-immigrant screed |last=Collins |first=Ben |date=August 3, 2019 |website=NBC News |language=en |access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref>',
29 => '{{Antisemitism}}'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/',
1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135937/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/',
2 => 'http://knowyourmeme.com/blog/interviews/qa-with-fredrick-brennan-of-8chan',
3 => 'https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/8chan/',
4 => 'http://www.dailydot.com/politics/8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate/',
5 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/',
6 => 'http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/gamergate-supporters-party-at-strip-club.html',
7 => 'https://archive.is/20151219125144/https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww',
8 => 'https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185528/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5',
10 => 'https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5',
11 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214349/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b',
12 => 'https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b',
13 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html',
14 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website',
15 => 'https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/4/20754310/cloudflare-8chan-fredrick-brennan-ddos-attack',
16 => 'https://blog.cloudflare.com/terminating-service-for-8chan/',
17 => 'https://www.engadget.com/2019/08/05/8chan-cloudflare-internet-services-pull-support/',
18 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.1c96e6f36d5e',
19 => 'https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/08/8chan-resurfaces-along-with-the-daily-stormer-and-a-nazi-site/',
20 => 'https://apnews.com/d1a1ba8d3cf24202b5c45815b05c441d',
21 => 'https://www.darkowl.com/blog/8chan-finds-new-home-on-dark-web',
22 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-shooting-tech-idUSKCN1UX012',
23 => 'https://www.cnet.com/news/8chan-owner-says-site-will-stay-down-until-he-talks-with-congress/',
24 => 'https://techraptor.net/content/thq-nordic-issues-apology-for-8chan-ama',
25 => 'http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2014/10/15/4chan-wizardchan-8chan-le-guide-des-forums-anonymes-les-plus-populaires-du-web_4505380_4408996.html',
26 => 'https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/gamergates-headquarters-has-been-destroyed-by-trolls',
27 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics',
28 => 'https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/01/8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address/',
29 => 'http://globalnews.ca/news/1773840/police-called-to-burnaby-womens-home-by-online-harassers/',
30 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150116035109/http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/',
31 => 'http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/',
32 => 'http://bc.ctvnews.ca/reckless-swatting-prank-sends-police-to-b-c-woman-s-home-1.2189547',
33 => 'https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/02/notorious-8chan-subboard-has-history-wiped-after-federal-judges-doxing/',
34 => 'https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/03/18/xavier-cisneros-arrested-bethel-park-school-threat/',
35 => 'https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/08/8chan-hosted-content-disappears-from-google-searches/',
36 => 'https://www.mic.com/articles/147711/donald-trump-s-star-of-david-hillary-clinton-meme-was-created-by-white-supremacists',
37 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37021991',
38 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/us/politics/donald-trumps-star-of-david-tweet-came-from-a-fringe-website-a-report-says.html',
39 => 'https://www.salon.com/2018/02/20/anti-abortion-group-operation-rescue-has-become-fully-red-pilled-by-an-8chan-conspiracy-theory_partner/',
40 => 'https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/01/08/infowars-fully-embraces-storm-conspiracy-theory-called-new-pizzagate/219005',
41 => 'https://medium.com/@willsommer/meet-the-storm-the-conspiracy-theory-taking-over-the-pro-trump-internet-3ec94bf7d8a3',
42 => 'https://twitter.com/willsommer/status/974040645781291009',
43 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-qanon-n900531',
44 => 'https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/qanon-movement-reddit-ban-voat-facebook/',
45 => 'https://qanon.pub/?q=upgrade#2224',
46 => 'https://medium.com/@martingeddes/wwg1wga-the-greatest-communications-event-in-history-698ba926df64',
47 => 'https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/follow-the-white-rabbit-conspiracy-theory/',
48 => 'https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20180902/08580340566/louisiana-police-appear-to-be-using-hoax-antifa-list-created-8chan-to-open-criminal-investigations.shtml',
49 => 'https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734',
50 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/christchurch-nz-shooting.html',
51 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/new-zealand-shooting-updates-christchurch.html',
52 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2019/03/15/after-the-new-zealand-terror-attack-should-8chan-be-wiped-from-the-web/',
53 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/christchurch-attack-video-australia-block-internet-isps-telstra-vodafone-1368174',
54 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/us-news/anti-semitic-open-letter-online-under-chabad-synagogue-n999211',
55 => 'https://twitter.com/infinitechan/status/1122494322283167745',
56 => 'https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2019/08/04/the-el-paso-shooting-and-the-gamification-of-terror/',
57 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18712091#P856',
58 => 'https://8ch.net'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077',
1 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077',
2 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331',
3 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331',
4 => 'http://bc.ctvnews.ca/reckless-swatting-prank-sends-police-to-b-c-woman-s-home-1.2189547',
5 => 'http://globalnews.ca/news/1773840/police-called-to-burnaby-womens-home-by-online-harassers/',
6 => 'http://knowyourmeme.com/blog/interviews/qa-with-fredrick-brennan-of-8chan',
7 => 'http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/gamergate-supporters-party-at-strip-club.html',
8 => 'http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/8ch.net',
9 => 'http://www.dailydot.com/politics/8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate/',
10 => 'http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/',
11 => 'http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2014/10/15/4chan-wizardchan-8chan-le-guide-des-forums-anonymes-les-plus-populaires-du-web_4505380_4408996.html',
12 => 'https://8ch.net',
13 => 'https://8ch.net/faq.html',
14 => 'https://8ch.net/who.html',
15 => 'https://apnews.com/d1a1ba8d3cf24202b5c45815b05c441d',
16 => 'https://archive.is/20151219125144/https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww',
17 => 'https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/',
18 => 'https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/02/notorious-8chan-subboard-has-history-wiped-after-federal-judges-doxing/',
19 => 'https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/01/8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address/',
20 => 'https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/08/8chan-hosted-content-disappears-from-google-searches/',
21 => 'https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/08/8chan-resurfaces-along-with-the-daily-stormer-and-a-nazi-site/',
22 => 'https://blog.cloudflare.com/terminating-service-for-8chan/',
23 => 'https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww',
24 => 'https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b',
25 => 'https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5',
26 => 'https://medium.com/@martingeddes/wwg1wga-the-greatest-communications-event-in-history-698ba926df64',
27 => 'https://medium.com/@willsommer/meet-the-storm-the-conspiracy-theory-taking-over-the-pro-trump-internet-3ec94bf7d8a3',
28 => 'https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/03/18/xavier-cisneros-arrested-bethel-park-school-threat/',
29 => 'https://qanon.pub/?q=upgrade#2224',
30 => 'https://techraptor.net/content/thq-nordic-issues-apology-for-8chan-ama',
31 => 'https://twitter.com/infinitechan/status/1122494322283167745',
32 => 'https://twitter.com/willsommer/status/974040645781291009',
33 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150116035109/http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/26081/article/canadian-victim-of-gamergate-swatting-attempt-comes-forward/',
34 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135937/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/',
35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185528/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5',
36 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214349/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b',
37 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190805060433/https://8ch.net/who.html',
38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190805065011/https://8ch.net/faq.html',
39 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37021991',
40 => 'https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2019/08/04/the-el-paso-shooting-and-the-gamification-of-terror/',
41 => 'https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/gamergates-headquarters-has-been-destroyed-by-trolls',
42 => 'https://www.cnet.com/news/8chan-owner-says-site-will-stay-down-until-he-talks-with-congress/',
43 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/business/el-paso-shooting-8chan-biz/index.html',
44 => 'https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/qanon-movement-reddit-ban-voat-facebook/',
45 => 'https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/8chan/',
46 => 'https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/follow-the-white-rabbit-conspiracy-theory/',
47 => 'https://www.darkowl.com/blog/8chan-finds-new-home-on-dark-web',
48 => 'https://www.engadget.com/2019/08/05/8chan-cloudflare-internet-services-pull-support/',
49 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2019/03/15/after-the-new-zealand-terror-attack-should-8chan-be-wiped-from-the-web/',
50 => 'https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2018/01/08/infowars-fully-embraces-storm-conspiracy-theory-called-new-pizzagate/219005',
51 => 'https://www.mic.com/articles/147711/donald-trump-s-star-of-david-hillary-clinton-meme-was-created-by-white-supremacists',
52 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/investigators-reasonably-confident-texas-suspect-left-anti-immigrant-screed-tipped-n1039031',
53 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-qanon-n900531',
54 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/us-news/anti-semitic-open-letter-online-under-chabad-synagogue-n999211',
55 => 'https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/gunman-who-opened-fire-on-christchurch-mosque-addresses-attack-in-manifesto/news-story/70372a39f720697813607a9ec426a734',
56 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/christchurch-attack-video-australia-block-internet-isps-telstra-vodafone-1368174',
57 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/us/politics/donald-trumps-star-of-david-tweet-came-from-a-fringe-website-a-report-says.html',
58 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/christchurch-nz-shooting.html',
59 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/new-zealand-shooting-updates-christchurch.html',
60 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html',
61 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-shooting-tech-idUSKCN1UX012',
62 => 'https://www.salon.com/2018/02/20/anti-abortion-group-operation-rescue-has-become-fully-red-pilled-by-an-8chan-conspiracy-theory_partner/',
63 => 'https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20180902/08580340566/louisiana-police-appear-to-be-using-hoax-antifa-list-created-8chan-to-open-criminal-investigations.shtml',
64 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics',
65 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website',
66 => 'https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/4/20754310/cloudflare-8chan-fredrick-brennan-ddos-attack',
67 => 'https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/5/20754943/8chan-epik-offline-voxility-service-cutoff-hate-speech-ban',
68 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/',
69 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.1c96e6f36d5e',
70 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/08/05/defiant-chan-vowed-fight-saying-its-heartbeat-is-strong-then-tech-firm-knocked-it-offline/',
71 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18712091#P856'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>No racism. We all have two eyes and a mouth in one skull under one god.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#August_2019_removal_from_clearnet"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">August 2019 removal from clearnet</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Controversies"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Controversies</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Gamergate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Gamergate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Swatting_incidents_and_violent_threats"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Swatting incidents and violent threats</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Child_pornography"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Child pornography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Donald Trump presidential campaign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#QAnon"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">QAnon</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Louisiana_Police's_antifa_list"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Louisiana Police's antifa list</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#2019_shootings"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">2019 shootings</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Christchurch_mosque_shootings"><span class="tocnumber">2.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Christchurch mosque shootings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Poway_synagogue_shooting"><span class="tocnumber">2.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Poway synagogue shooting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#El_Paso_shooting"><span class="tocnumber">2.7.3</span> <span class="toctext">El Paso shooting</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<p>8chan was created in October 2013 by computer programmer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fredrick_Brennan" title="Fredrick Brennan">Fredrick Brennan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> better known by his alias "Hotwheels".<sup id="cite_ref-KYM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KYM-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13things_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13things-3">[3]</a></sup> Brennan created the website after he observed what he perceived to be rapidly escalating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a> and a loss of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a> on the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup> Brennan, who considers the imageboard <a href="/enwiki/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> to have grown into authoritarianism, describes 8chan as a "free-speech-friendly" alternative,<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup> and originally conceptualized the site while experiencing a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychedelic_experience" title="Psychedelic experience">psychedelic mushrooms trip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KYM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KYM-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>No experience or programming knowledge is necessary for users to create their own boards.<sup id="cite_ref-faq_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-6">[6]</a></sup> Since as early as March 2014, its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FAQ" title="FAQ">FAQ</a> has stated only one rule that is to be globally enforced: "Do not post, request, or link to any content illegal in the United States of America. Do not create boards with the sole purpose of posting or spreading such content."<sup id="cite_ref-faq_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-6">[6]</a></sup> Brennan has claimed that, while he finds some of the content posted by users to be "reprehensible", he feels personally obligated to uphold the site's integrity by tolerating discussion he does not necessarily support regardless of his moral stance.<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>Brennan agreed to partner 8chan with the Japanese message board <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2channel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KYM_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KYM-2">[2]</a></sup> and subsequently relocated to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2015, the site changed its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain</a> 8chan.co to 8ch.net after multiple people filed reports complaining to 8chan's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">registrar</a> that the message board hosted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>. Despite subsequently regaining the domain, the site remained at 8ch.net, with the old domain redirecting to it.<sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>Numerous bugs in the Infinity software led to the funding and development of a successor platform dubbed "Infinity Next". After a several-month-long testing period, a migration to the new software was attempted in December 2015, but failed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In January 2016, development was halted, and the main developer, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Moon">Joshua Moon</a>, was fired by Brennan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Brennan himself officially resigned in July 2016, turning the site over to its owner, Jim Watkins and his son, Ron.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13things_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13things-3">[3]</a></sup> He cited the failure of the "Infinity Next" project and disillusionment with what 8chan had become as reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="August_2019_removal_from_clearnet">August 2019 removal from clearnet</span></h3>
<p>Following the <a href="#2019_shootings">three shootings in 2019</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch, New Zealand, in March</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting" title="Poway synagogue shooting">Poway, California, in April</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso, Texas, in August</a>), in which the perpetrators of each used 8chan as a platform to spread their manifesto, there was increased pressure on those providing 8chan's Internet services to terminate their support.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_20190804_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190804-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>Matthew Prince, CEO of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a>, initially defended his firm's technological support of 8chan on August 3, 2019, the day of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso shooting</a>: "What happened in El Paso today is abhorrent in every possible way, and it's ugly, and I hate that there's any association between us and that … For us the question is which is the worse evil?".<sup id="cite_ref-Matthew_Prince_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_Prince-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, by the next day, August 4, with increasing press attention, Cloudflare changed its position, and rescinded its support for 8chan effective midnight August 5 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time</a>, potentially leaving the site open for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denial_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of service">denial of service</a> attacks. Prince stated "Unfortunately the action we take today won't fix hate online...It will almost certainly not even remove 8chan from the Internet. But it is the right thing to do."<sup id="cite_ref-the_verge_20190804_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_verge_20190804-13">[13]</a></sup> The Cloudflare Blog wrote that "8chan is among the more than 19 million Internet properties that use Cloudflare's service. We just sent notice that we are terminating 8chan as a customer effective at midnight tonight Pacific Time. The rationale is simple: they have proven themselves to be lawless and that lawlessness has caused multiple tragic deaths. Even if 8chan may not have violated the letter of the law in refusing to moderate their hate-filled community, they have created an environment that revels in violating its spirit."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Brennan, the creator of 8chan who ceased being the owner in 2015 and ceased working for the website in 2018, stated on August 4, 2019 that 8chan should be shut down,<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_20190804_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190804-11">[11]</a></sup> and subsequently thanked Cloudflare for its decision to pull 8chan's support.<sup id="cite_ref-the_verge_20190804_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_verge_20190804-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tucows" title="Tucows">Tucows</a> also terminated its support as 8chan's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrar</a>, making the site difficult to access. In the wake of Cloudflare and Tucows' changes, 8chan switched its domain register to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epik_(domain_registrar)#BitMitigate" title="Epik (domain registrar)">BitMitigate</a>, a division of Epik, a provider that had previously serviced right-wing sites like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i>. After 8chan moved to Epik, the company's CEO <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rob_Monster" title="Rob Monster">Rob Monster</a> wrote, "Freedom of speech and expression are fundamental rights in a free society. We enter into a slippery slope when we start to limit speech that makes us uncomfortable."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> However, Voxility, the company that provided BitMitigate and Epik with its own servers and Internet connectivity, then took steps to stop leasing servers to BitMitigate, taking that site offline, and stating that the intended use of their servers violated their acceptable use policy.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> Monster changed his decision to provide content hosting to 8chan soon after the company's removal from Voxility, although <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i> noted that the company had begun providing 8chan with DNS services.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although the website was unreachable through its usual domain on the clearnet, users continued to access the site through its IP address and via its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.onion</a> address on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darknet" title="Darknet">darknet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> Security researcher and terrorism analyst <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rita_Katz" title="Rita Katz">Rita Katz</a> noted that 8chan had also appeared on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a>, another darkweb network, although an 8chan administrator tweeted that their team was not the one running the site.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 6, 2019, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Homeland_Security" title="United States House Committee on Homeland Security">United States House Committee on Homeland Security</a> called 8chan's owner Jim Watkins, an American living in the Philippines, to testify about the website's efforts to tackle "the proliferation of extremist content, including white supremacist content".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> On August 11, 2019, Watkins uploaded a YouTube video saying that 8chan had been offline "voluntarily", and that it would go back online after he spoke with the Homeland Security Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversies">Controversies</span></h2>
<p>Numerous controversies related to content posted on 8chan have arisen, to the extent that participation by individuals or companies in the website can itself cause controversy. On February 25, 2019, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/THQ_Nordic" title="THQ Nordic">THQ Nordic</a> hosted an AMA (ask me anything) thread on the video games board of the website, /v/, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/THQ_Nordic_GmbH#8chan_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="THQ Nordic GmbH">for which it later apologized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Gamergate">Gamergate</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" title="Gamergate controversy">Gamergate controversy</a></div>
<p>On September 18, 2014, 8chan became entangled in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" title="Gamergate controversy">Gamergate controversy</a> after 4chan banned discussion of Gamergate,<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chen_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> whereupon 8chan became one of several hubs for Gamergate activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chen_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buzz_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buzz-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_2015-01-13_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2015-01-13-25">[25]</a></sup> 8chan's initial Gamergate-oriented board also gained attention after being compromised by members of the internet troll group <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America">Gay Nigger Association of America</a>, forcing Gamergate activists to migrate to "/gamergate/". This replacement quickly became the site's second-most accessed board.<sup id="cite_ref-Buzz_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buzz-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Swatting_incidents_and_violent_threats">Swatting incidents and violent threats</span></h3>
<p>In January 2015 the site was used as a base for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swatting" title="Swatting">swatting</a> exploits in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burnaby" title="Burnaby">Burnaby, British Columbia</a>, most of them tied to the victims' criticism of Gamergate and 8chan's association with it;<sup id="cite_ref-Mattise_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattise-26">[26]</a></sup> the attacks were coordinated on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">board</a> on the website called "/baphomet/".<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_2015-01-13_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2015-01-13-25">[25]</a></sup> One of the victims of a swatting attack said that she was singled out because she had followed someone on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalNews_2015-01-15_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalNews_2015-01-15-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> On February 9, 2015, contents on the "/baphomet/" subboard were wiped after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doxxing" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxxing">personal information</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_B._Forrest" title="Katherine B. Forrest">Katherine Forrest</a>, the presiding judge in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silk_Road_(marketplace)" title="Silk Road (marketplace)">Silk Road</a> case, had been posted there.<sup id="cite_ref-silkroad_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silkroad-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 2019 a post threatening mass shooting against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bethel_Park_High_School" title="Bethel Park High School">Bethel Park High School</a> was posted on 8chan; as a result an 18-year-old individual was arrested and charged with one count of terroristic threats and one count of retaliation against a witness or victim.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Child_pornography">Child pornography</span></h3>
<p>Boards have been created to discuss topics such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Child_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Child rape">child rape</a>. While the sharing of illegal content is against site rules, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a></i> wrote that boards do exist to share sexualized images of minors in provocative poses, and that some users of those boards do post links to explicit child pornography hosted elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup> When asked whether such boards were an inevitable result of free speech, Brennan responded, "Unfortunately, yes. I don’t support the content on the boards you mentioned, but it is simply the cost of free speech and being the only active site to not impose more 'laws' than those that were passed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Howell2014_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell2014-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2015, 8chan was blacklisted from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a> for what Google described as content constituting "suspected child abuse content".<sup id="cite_ref-ars-8chancensor_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars-8chancensor-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign">Donald Trump presidential campaign</span></h3>
<p>In July 2016, U.S. presidential candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> tweeted an image of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> with a background of money and a six-pointed star which resembled the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a>, containing the message "Most corrupt candidate ever". The image had been posted to 8chan's /pol/ board as early as June 22, over a week before Trump's team tweeted it. A watermark on the image led to a twitter account which had published many other overtly racist and antisemitic images.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="QAnon">QAnon</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></div>
<p>During 2018, a user that referred to himself as "Q" gained attention and promoted conspiracy theories about the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_state_in_the_United_States" title="Deep state in the United States">deep state</a>, eventually leading to an international movement. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Sean Hannity</a> has retweeted QAnon hashtags on his Twitter feed.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> The original group of Q followers on Reddit were banned on March 14, 2018, over their promotion of the theory.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> They quickly regrouped into a new subreddit, which featured posts from Q and other anonymous posters on 8chan in a more reader-friendly format. The subreddit was banned<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> for a second time on September 12, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> With a flood of new users on the board, Q asked one of the website's owners, Ron Watkins, to upgrade the website's servers in order to accommodate all of the board's website traffic on September 19, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup>
</p><p>The movement has been linked with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate conspiracy theory</a>. The Q movement has also been linked to the hashtags #TheGreatAwakening and #WWG1WGA,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> which stands for "where we go one, we go all"; it's also sometimes linked with the phrase "Follow the White Rabbit".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Louisiana_Police.27s_antifa_list"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Louisiana_Police's_antifa_list">Louisiana Police's antifa list</span></h3>
<p>In September 2018, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana_State_Police" title="Louisiana State Police">Louisiana State Police</a> were scrutinized for using a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">hoax</a> list of personal information about supposed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antifascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Antifascist">antifascist</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">antifa</a>) activists originally posted on 8chan's politics board. The document, dubbed "full list of antifa.docx" by police officers, actually contained the names of several thousand people who signed online petitions against President Donald Trump. The State Police has refused to disclose the list, claiming it would "compromise" ongoing criminal investigations in which it expects arrests. A lawsuit against Louisiana State Police was filed on behalf of the record requester by Harvard lecturer and former public defender Thomas Frampton, alleging that the Police's refusal to release the list indicates that it actually believed the credibility of the hoax list and used it in investigatons and litigations.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019_shootings">2019 shootings</span></h3>
<p>The perpetrators of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting" title="Poway synagogue shooting">Poway synagogue shooting</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso shooting</a> of 2019 each used 8chan to spread their manifesto. As a result, there have been increased pressure on those providing 8chan's Internet services to terminate their support,<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_20190804_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190804-11">[11]</a></sup> which led to the services companies' withdrawal from providing CDN and domain registry, <a href="#August_2019_removal_from_clearnet">taking the website off the clearnet</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Christchurch_mosque_shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</span></h4>
<p>Prior to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">shootings</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Noor_Mosque,_Christchurch" title="Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch">Al Noor Mosque</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linwood_Islamic_Centre" title="Linwood Islamic Centre">Linwood Islamic Centre</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, on March 15, 2019, the alleged perpetrator posted links to the 17-minute <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Facebook_features" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook features">Facebook Live</a> video of the first attack on Al Noor Mosque and his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">neo-fascist</a> manifesto <i>The Great Replacement</i> (named after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Great_Replacement_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Replacement conspiracy theory">the French far-right theory of the same name</a> by writer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus">Renaud Camus</a>) detailing his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">anti-Islamic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">anti-immigration</a> reasons for the attack. The shootings that ensued left 51 dead and 50 more injured.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> The shooter shared links to the live stream video only minutes before the attack on 8chan and on Facebook. Some members of 8chan re-shared it and applauded the violent murders.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 20, 2019, Australian telecom companies <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Optus" title="Optus">Optus</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vodafone_(Australia)" title="Vodafone (Australia)">Vodafone</a> denied millions of Australians access to the websites <a href="/enwiki/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, 8chan, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zero_Hedge" title="Zero Hedge">Zero Hedge</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liveleak" class="mw-redirect" title="Liveleak">Liveleak</a> as a reaction to the Christchurch mosque shootings.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Poway_synagogue_shooting">Poway synagogue shooting</span></h4>
<p>John T. Earnest, the alleged perpetrator of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting" title="Poway synagogue shooting">Poway synagogue shooting</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chabad_of_Poway" title="Chabad of Poway">Chabad of Poway</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poway,_California" title="Poway, California">Poway, California</a> on April 27, 2019 and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escondido_mosque_fire" title="Escondido mosque fire">Escondido mosque fire</a> at the Islamic Center of Escondido in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido, California</a> on March 25, 2019, had posted links to his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> and his attempted livestream on 8chan, which Earnest also named as a place of radicalization for him.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> According to 8chan's Twitter, the shooter's post was removed nine minutes after its creation.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="El_Paso_shooting">El Paso shooting</span></h4>
<p>Patrick Crusius of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allen,_Texas" title="Allen, Texas">Allen, Texas</a>, the alleged perpetrator of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" title="2019 El Paso shooting">2019 El Paso shooting</a> at a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> store in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a> on August 3, 2019, posted a four-page <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="White nationalist">white nationalist</a> manifesto <i>The Inconvenient Truth</i> on 8chan less than an hour before the shooting began. 8chan moderators quickly removed the original post, though users continued to circulate links to this manifesto.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Matthew_Prince_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_Prince-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation interview">Brennan, Fredrick (March 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/">"Full transcript: Ars interviews 8chan founder Fredrick Brennan"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by Sam Machkovech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135937/http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/03/full-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Full+transcript%3A+Ars+interviews+8chan+founder+Fredrick+Brennan&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Fredrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fbusiness%2F2015%2F03%2Ffull-transcript-ars-interviews-8chan-founder-fredrick-brennan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886058088">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-KYM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KYM_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KYM_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KYM_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation interview">Brennan, Fredrick (October 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowyourmeme.com/blog/interviews/qa-with-fredrick-brennan-of-8chan">"Q&A with Fredrick Brennan of 8chan"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Know_Your_Meme" title="Know Your Meme">Know Your Meme</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by Don Caldwell<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Know+Your+Meme&rft.atitle=Q%26A+with+Fredrick+Brennan+of+8chan&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Fredrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowyourmeme.com%2Fblog%2Finterviews%2Fqa-with-fredrick-brennan-of-8chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13things-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-13things_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-13things_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tunison, Mike (September 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/8chan/">"What is 8chan, the internet's most dangerous message board?"</a>. <i>The Daily Dot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=What+is+8chan%2C+the+internet%27s+most+dangerous+message+board%3F&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.aulast=Tunison&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Funclick%2F8chan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Howell2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howell2014_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Howell O'Neill, Patrick (November 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailydot.com/politics/8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate/">"8chan, the central hive of Gamergate, is also an active pedophile network"</a>. <i>The Daily Dot</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=8chan%2C+the+central+hive+of+Gamergate%2C+is+also+an+active+pedophile+network&rft.date=2014-11-17&rft.aulast=Howell+O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Fpolitics%2F8chan-pedophiles-child-porn-gamergate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WashPost-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Caitlin, Dewey (January 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/">"This is what happens when you create an online community without any rules"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+is+what+happens+when+you+create+an+online+community+without+any+rules&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Caitlin&rft.aufirst=Dewey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-intersect%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2Fthis-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-faq-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faq_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faq_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>faq</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Chen-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chen_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chen_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chen_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Chen, Adrian (October 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/gamergate-supporters-party-at-strip-club.html">"Gamergate Supporters Partied at a Strip Club This Weekend"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Gamergate+Supporters+Partied+at+a+Strip+Club+This+Weekend&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2014%2F10%2Fgamergate-supporters-party-at-strip-club.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Moon, Joshua (December 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20151219125144/https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww">"qt2ww"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostbin.com/paste/qt2ww">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Plaintext)</span> on December 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=qt2ww&rft.date=2015-12-19&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fghostbin.com%2Fpaste%2Fqt2ww&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brennan, Fredrick (January 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207185528/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5">"Infinity Never"</a>. <i>Medium</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@infinitechan/infinity-never-3d5f733af739#.dfm7b7te5">the original</a> on February 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=Infinity+Never&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Fredrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40infinitechan%2Finfinity-never-3d5f733af739%23.dfm7b7te5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">8chan.co (July 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214349/https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Hotwheels'—a postmortem"</a>. <i>Medium</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@infinitechan/hotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b">the original</a> on December 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=%27Hotwheels%27%E2%80%94a+postmortem&rft.date=2016-07-04&rft.au=8chan.co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40infinitechan%2Fhotwheels-a-postmortem-9ea800d9227b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nytimes_20190804-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_20190804_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_20190804_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_20190804_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Roose, Kevin (August 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/technology/8chan-shooting-manifesto.html">"8chan Is a Megaphone for Gunmen. 'Shut the Site Down,' Says Its Creator"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=8chan+Is+a+Megaphone+for+Gunmen.+%27Shut+the+Site+Down%2C%27+Says+Its+Creator&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft.aulast=Roose&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F04%2Ftechnology%2F8chan-shooting-manifesto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Matthew_Prince-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_Prince_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_Prince_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Julia Carrie Wong (3 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/04/mass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website">"8chan: the far-right website linked to the rise in hate crimes"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>Three attackers in six months allegedly posted their plans on the site in advance. In an exclusive interview, Silicon Valley CEO explains his ‘moral obligation’ to keep 8chan online</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=8chan%3A+the+far-right+website+linked+to+the+rise+in+hate+crimes&rft.date=2019-08-03&rft.au=Julia+Carrie+Wong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2Faug%2F04%2Fmass-shootings-el-paso-texas-dayton-ohio-8chan-far-right-website&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-the_verge_20190804-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-the_verge_20190804_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-the_verge_20190804_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kelly, Makena (August 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/4/20754310/cloudflare-8chan-fredrick-brennan-ddos-attack">"Cloudflare to revoke 8chan's service, opening the fringe website up for DDoS attacks"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Cloudflare+to+revoke+8chan%27s+service%2C+opening+the+fringe+website+up+for+DDoS+attacks&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Makena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2019%2F8%2F4%2F20754310%2Fcloudflare-8chan-fredrick-brennan-ddos-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/terminating-service-for-8chan/">"Terminating Service for 8Chan"</a>. <i>Cloudflare Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cloudflare+Blog&rft.atitle=Terminating+Service+for+8Chan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.cloudflare.com%2Fterminating-service-for-8chan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Audureau, William (October 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2014/10/15/4chan-wizardchan-8chan-le-guide-des-forums-anonymes-les-plus-populaires-du-web_4505380_4408996.html">"4chan, wizardchan, 8chan... s'y retrouver dans la jungle des forums anonymes les plus populaires du Web"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French). France.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=4chan%2C+wizardchan%2C+8chan...+s%27y+retrouver+dans+la+jungle+des+forums+anonymes+les+plus+populaires+du+Web&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft.aulast=Audureau&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpixels%2Farticle%2F2014%2F10%2F15%2F4chan-wizardchan-8chan-le-guide-des-forums-anonymes-les-plus-populaires-du-web_4505380_4408996.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Buzz-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buzz_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buzz_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bernstein, Joseph (December 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/gamergates-headquarters-has-been-destroyed-by-trolls">"GamerGate's Headquarters Has Been Destroyed By Trolls"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buzzfeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzzfeed">Buzzfeed</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buzzfeed&rft.atitle=GamerGate%27s+Headquarters+Has+Been+Destroyed+By+Trolls&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fjosephbernstein%2Fgamergates-headquarters-has-been-destroyed-by-trolls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Guardian_2015-01-13-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2015-01-13_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2015-01-13_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hern, Alex (January 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics">"Gamergate hits new low with attempts to send Swat teams to critics"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gamergate+hits+new+low+with+attempts+to+send+Swat+teams+to+critics&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2015%2Fjan%2F13%2Fgamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Smith, Anthony (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mic.com/articles/147711/donald-trump-s-star-of-david-hillary-clinton-meme-was-created-by-white-supremacists">"Mic Discovered Who Created Trump's Anti-Semitic Hillary Meme – And It's Disturbing"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mic_(media_company)" title="Mic (media company)">Mic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mic&rft.atitle=Mic+Discovered+Who+Created+Trump%27s+Anti-Semitic+Hillary+Meme+%E2%80%93+And+It%27s+Disturbing&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mic.com%2Farticles%2F147711%2Fdonald-trump-s-star-of-david-hillary-clinton-meme-was-created-by-white-supremacists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Flegenheimer, Matt; Haberman, Maggie (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/us/politics/donald-trumps-star-of-david-tweet-came-from-a-fringe-website-a-report-says.html">"Donald Trump's Star of David Tweet Came From a Fringe Website, a Report Says"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%E2%80%99s+Star+of+David+Tweet+Came+From+a+Fringe+Website%2C+a+Report+Says&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Flegenheimer&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trumps-star-of-david-tweet-came-from-a-fringe-website-a-report-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2018/02/20/anti-abortion-group-operation-rescue-has-become-fully-red-pilled-by-an-8chan-conspiracy-theory_partner/">"Anti-abortion group Operation Rescue has become fully "red-pilled" by an 8chan conspiracy theory"</a>. <i>Salon</i>. February 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Anti-abortion+group+Operation+Rescue+has+become+fully+%22red-pilled%22+by+an+8chan+conspiracy+theory&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2018%2F02%2F20%2Fanti-abortion-group-operation-rescue-has-become-fully-red-pilled-by-an-8chan-conspiracy-theory_partner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sommer, Will (January 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@willsommer/meet-the-storm-the-conspiracy-theory-taking-over-the-pro-trump-internet-3ec94bf7d8a3">"Meet "The Storm," the conspiracy theory taking over the pro-Trump internet"</a>. <i>Medium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=Meet+%22The+Storm%2C%22+the+conspiracy+theory+taking+over+the+pro-Trump+internet&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft.aulast=Sommer&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40willsommer%2Fmeet-the-storm-the-conspiracy-theory-taking-over-the-pro-trump-internet-3ec94bf7d8a3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sommer, Will (March 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/willsommer/status/974040645781291009">"Reddit has banned the main subreddit devoted to the right-wing "#QAnon" conspiracy theory popular on Infowars, and is apparently purging a bunch of users' accounts as wellpic.twitter.com/3EZvxbuVJH"</a>. <i>@willsommer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%40willsommer&rft.atitle=Reddit+has+banned+the+main+subreddit+devoted+to+the+right-wing+%22%23QAnon%22+conspiracy+theory+popular+on+Infowars%2C+and+is+apparently+purging+a+bunch+of+users%27+accounts+as+wellpic.twitter.com%2F3EZvxbuVJH&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft.aulast=Sommer&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fwillsommer%2Fstatus%2F974040645781291009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tue, Sep 4th 2018 10:44am-Tim Cushing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20180902/08580340566/louisiana-police-appear-to-be-using-hoax-antifa-list-created-8chan-to-open-criminal-investigations.shtml">"Louisiana Police Appear To Be Using A Hoax Antifa List Created By 8Chan To Open Criminal Investigations"</a>. <i>Techdirt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Techdirt&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Police+Appear+To+Be+Using+A+Hoax+Antifa+List+Created+By+8Chan+To+Open+Criminal+Investigations&rft.aulast=Tue&rft.aufirst=Sep+4th+2018+10%3A44am-Tim+Cushing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techdirt.com%2Farticles%2F20180902%2F08580340566%2Flouisiana-police-appear-to-be-using-hoax-antifa-list-created-8chan-to-open-criminal-investigations.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/world/asia/new-zealand-shooting-updates-christchurch.html">"Christchurch Shooting Updates: 40 Are Dead After 2 Mosques Are Hit"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Shooting+Updates%3A+40+Are+Dead+After+2+Mosques+Are+Hit&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F03%2F14%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fnew-zealand-shooting-updates-christchurch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brewster, Thomas (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2019/03/15/after-the-new-zealand-terror-attack-should-8chan-be-wiped-from-the-web/">"After The New Zealand Terror Attack, Should 8chan Be Wiped From The Web?"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=After+The+New+Zealand+Terror+Attack%2C+Should+8chan+Be+Wiped+From+The+Web%3F&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fthomasbrewster%2F2019%2F03%2F15%2Fafter-the-new-zealand-terror-attack-should-8chan-be-wiped-from-the-web%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/christchurch-attack-video-australia-block-internet-isps-telstra-vodafone-1368174">"4chan, 8chan, LiveLeak and Others Blocked by Australian Internet Companies over Mosque Massacre Video"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4chan%2C+8chan%2C+LiveLeak+and+Others+Blocked+by+Australian+Internet+Companies+over+Mosque+Massacre+Video&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fchristchurch-attack-video-australia-block-internet-isps-telstra-vodafone-1368174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Collins, Ben; Blankstein, Andrew (April 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/us-news/anti-semitic-open-letter-online-under-chabad-synagogue-n999211">"Anti-Semitic open letter posted online under name of Chabad synagogue shooting suspect"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Universal">NBC Universal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Anti-Semitic+open+letter+posted+online+under+name+of+Chabad+synagogue+shooting+suspect&rft.date=2019-04-27&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Blankstein%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fus-news%2Fanti-semitic-open-letter-online-under-chabad-synagogue-n999211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">8chan (8ch.net) [@infinitechan] (April 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/infinitechan/status/1122494322283167745">"The Poway shooter's post on 8chan was taken down NINE minutes after creation. There are only screencaps available and no archives exist since the post was deleted so quickly. The loudest groups publicizing this crime and giving attention to this CRIMINAL are the fake-news media"</a> (Tweet) – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Poway+shooter%27s+post+on+8chan+was+taken+down+NINE+minutes+after+creation.+There+are+only+screencaps+available+and+no+archives+exist+since+the+post+was+deleted+so+quickly.+The+loudest+groups+publicizing+this+crime+and+giving+attention+to+this+CRIMINAL+are+the+fake-news+media.&rft.date=2019-04-28&rft.au=8chan+%288ch.net%29+%5B%40infinitechan%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Finfinitechan%2Fstatus%2F1122494322283167745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/> </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Evans, Robert (August 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2019/08/04/the-el-paso-shooting-and-the-gamification-of-terror/">"The El Paso Shooting and the Gamification of Terror"</a>. Bellingcat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+El+Paso+Shooting+and+the+Gamification+of+Terror&rft.pub=Bellingcat&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bellingcat.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F2019%2F08%2F04%2Fthe-el-paso-shooting-and-the-gamification-of-terror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A8chan" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://8ch.net">Official website</a></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18712091#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since August 2019">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li>
<li>Official <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a> site: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">oxwugzccvk3dk6tj.onion</span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" title="Tor network"><img alt="Tor network" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/18px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/27px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/36px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="185" /></a><sup><small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)#Tor_Browser" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Accessing link help</a>)</small></sup></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gamergate_controversy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Gamergate_controversy" title="Template:Gamergate controversy"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Gamergate_controversy" title="Template talk:Gamergate controversy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Gamergate_controversy&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gamergate_controversy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" title="Gamergate controversy">Gamergate controversy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crash_Override_Network" title="Crash Override Network">Crash Override Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Fine_Young_Capitalists" title="The Fine Young Capitalists">The Fine Young Capitalists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_Abuse_Prevention_Initiative" title="Online Abuse Prevention Initiative">Online Abuse Prevention Initiative</a> (OAPI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zoe_Quinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoe Quinn">Zoe Quinn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brianna_Wu" title="Brianna Wu">Brianna Wu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Anita Sarkeesian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Baldwin" title="Adam Baldwin">Adam Baldwin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">8chan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crash_Override_(book)" title="Crash Override (book)"><i>Crash Override</i> (book)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tor_onion_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Tor_onion_services" title="Template:Tor onion services"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Tor_onion_services" title="Template talk:Tor onion services"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Tor_onion_services&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tor_onion_services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)#Onion_services" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor onion services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*List-Class_article&#124;16x16px&#124;link=_List&#10;*Category&#124;16x16px&#124;link=_Category">
<ul><li><img alt="List-Class article" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="List-Class article" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Tor_onion_services" title="List of Tor onion services">List</a></li>
<li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Tor_hidden_services" title="Category:Tor hidden services">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Web_directory" title="Web directory">Web directories</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Hidden_Wiki" title="The Hidden Wiki">The Hidden Wiki</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg" class="image" title="Tor logo"><img alt="Tor logo" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/65px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/98px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/130px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Web_search_engine" title="Web search engine">Search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahmia" title="Ahmia">Ahmia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DuckDuckGo" title="DuckDuckGo">DuckDuckGo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grams_(search)" title="Grams (search)">Grams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MetaGer" title="MetaGer">MetaGer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Searx" title="Searx">Searx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Startpage.com" title="Startpage.com">Startpage.com</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File storage</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedom_Hosting" title="Freedom Hosting">Freedom Hosting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_Haven_Project" title="Free Haven Project">Free Haven Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mailbox_provider" title="Mailbox provider">Email</a> and<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bitmessage" title="Bitmessage">Bitmessage.ch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riseup" title="Riseup">Riseup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_Mail" title="Tor Mail">Tor Mail</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TorChat" title="TorChat">TorChat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SIGAINT" title="SIGAINT">SIGAINT</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ProtonMail" title="ProtonMail">ProtonMail</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forums</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">8chan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dark0de" title="Dark0de">Dark0de</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Facebookcorewwwi.onion" title="Facebookcorewwwi.onion">Facebook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HackBB" title="HackBB">HackBB</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Hub_(forum)" title="The Hub (forum)">The Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_Anonymous_Marketplace" title="Russian Anonymous Marketplace">Russian Anonymous Marketplace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_Carding_Forum" title="Tor Carding Forum">Tor Carding Forum</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cryptocurrency_tumbler" title="Cryptocurrency tumbler">Cryptocurrency tumblers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bitcoin_Fog" title="Bitcoin Fog">Bitcoin Fog</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blockchain.info" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockchain.info">Blockchain.info</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grams_Helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Grams Helix">Helix</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darknet_market" title="Darknet market">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agora_(online_marketplace)" title="Agora (online marketplace)">Agora</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AlphaBay" title="AlphaBay">AlphaBay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assassination_market" title="Assassination market">Assassination market</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantis_(market)" title="Atlantis (market)">Atlantis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Market_Reloaded" title="Black Market Reloaded">Black Market Reloaded</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dream_Market" title="Dream Market">Dream Market</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evolution_(marketplace)" title="Evolution (marketplace)">Evolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Farmer%27s_Market" title="The Farmer's Market">The Farmer's Market</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hansa_(market)" title="Hansa (market)">Hansa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheep_Marketplace" title="Sheep Marketplace">Sheep Marketplace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silk_Road_(marketplace)" title="Silk Road (marketplace)">Silk Road</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TheRealDeal" title="TheRealDeal">TheRealDeal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Utopia_(marketplace)" title="Utopia (marketplace)">Utopia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">News</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whistleblower" title="Whistleblower">whistleblowing</a>,<br />and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">document archives</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BuggedPlanet" title="BuggedPlanet">BuggedPlanet</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DeepDotWeb" title="DeepDotWeb">DeepDotWeb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doxbin" title="Doxbin">Doxbin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Whistleblowing_Press#Filtrala" title="Associated Whistleblowing Press">Filtrala</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GlobaLeaks" title="GlobaLeaks">GlobaLeaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Whistleblowing_Press#Ljost" title="Associated Whistleblowing Press">Ljost</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nawaat#Nawaatleaks" title="Nawaat">NawaatLeaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SecureDrop" title="SecureDrop">SecureDrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elephant_Action_League#WildLeaks_Project" title="Elephant Action League">WildLeaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Courage_Foundation" title="Courage Foundation">Courage Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedom_of_the_Press_Foundation" title="Freedom of the Press Foundation">Freedom of the Press Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Quadrature_du_Net" title="La Quadrature du Net">La Quadrature du Net</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telecomix" title="Telecomix">Telecomix</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Childs_Play_(website)" title="Childs Play (website)">Childs Play</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lolita_City" title="Lolita City">Lolita City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Playpen_(website)" title="Playpen (website)">Playpen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)#Onion_services" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.onion domain</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tor2web" title="Tor2web">Tor2web</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alt-right" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer" title="Template talk:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Alt-right_footer&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alt-right" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Common ideas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">8chan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hatreon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatreon">Hatreon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">r/The_Donald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_Ice_Creations" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Ice Creations">Red Ice Creations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Identity_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Identity Movement">American Identity Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arktos_Media" title="Arktos Media">Arktos Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asatru_Folk_Assembly" title="Asatru Folk Assembly">Asatru Folk Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Generation_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation Identity">Generation Identity</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Generation_Identity_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation Identity Canada">Generation Identity Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreichs">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/League_of_the_South" title="League of the South">League of the South</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li>
<li>National Socialist Movement
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">Chile, 1930s</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">Netherlands, 1931–45</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">UK, 1960s</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">UK, 1990s</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thule-Seminar" title="Thule-Seminar">Thule-Seminar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolves_of_Vinland" title="Wolves of Vinland">Wolves of Vinland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wotansvolk" title="Wotansvolk">Wotansvolk</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Conspiracy theories</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crisis_actor_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis actor (conspiracy theory)">Crisis actors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frankfurt_School#Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Frankfurt School">Cultural Marxism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting_conspiracy_theories" title="Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories">Sandy Hook shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich#Conspiracy_theories" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Seth Rich murder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">2017 Berkeley protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">2017 Portland train attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Dallas_Courthouse_shooting" title="2019 Dallas Courthouse shooting">2019 Dallas Courthouse shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asgardsrei_festival" title="Asgardsrei festival">Asgardsrei festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aztec_High_School_shooting" title="Aztec High School shooting">Aztec High School shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#White_nationalists_and_white_supremacists" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" title="Gamergate controversy">Gamergate controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorraine_Higgins#Troll_Incident" title="Lorraine Higgins">Lorraine Higgins trolling incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Murder_of_Nia_Wilson" title="Murder of Nia Wilson">Murder of Nia Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting" title="Poway synagogue shooting">Poway synagogue shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">car attack</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)#White_Lives_Matter_rally" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">White Lives Matter rally</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Memes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a></li>
<li><i lang="la" title="Latin language text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deus_vult" title="Deus vult">Deus vult</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Esoteric Kekism/Kek/Kekistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaporwave#Fashwave" title="Vaporwave">Fashwave and Trumpwave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Generation_Zyklon" title="Generation Zyklon">Generation Zyklon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/It%27s_OK_to_be_white" title="It's OK to be white">It's OK to be white</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remove_Kebab" title="Remove Kebab">Remove Kebab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Related ideas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neo-Confederate" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neo-v%C3%B6lkisch_movements" title="Neo-völkisch movements">Neo-völkisch movements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Odalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Odalism">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="White separatism">White separatism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia_Abernethy" title="Virginia Abernethy">Virginia Abernethy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew Auernheimer/Weev</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Baker">Isaac Baker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathan_Damigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Damigo">Nathan Damigo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rob_Darken" title="Rob Darken">Rob Darken/Rob Fudali</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Vox Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_French_(troll)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen French (troll)">Stephen French</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baked Alaska (entertainer)">Anthime "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">Joshua Ryne Goldberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Knjaz_Varggoth" title="Knjaz Varggoth">Yevhen Hapon/Knjaz Varggoth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" class="mw-redirect" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allison_Christine_Johnson" title="Allison Christine Johnson">Allison Christine Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Krebs">Pierre Krebs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Senate_candidate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Little (Senate candidate)">Patrick Little</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Klas_Lund" title="Klas Lund">Klas Lund</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hendrik_Mobus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Mobus">Hendrik Mobus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(far-right_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Renshaw (far-right activist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Robb_(activist)" title="Thomas Robb (activist)">Thomas Robb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millenial Woes" Robertson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Revolution_(hate_group)" title="White Revolution (hate group)">Billy Roper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Schoep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Schoep">Jeff Schoep</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hal_Turner" title="Hal Turner">Hal Turner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peste_Noire" title="Peste Noire">Ludovic Van Alst/"Famine"</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1568990374 |