Examine individual changes

'[[File:Gacolony.png|thumb|Map of the colonies, with the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763|proclamation line of 1763]] shown in red.]] The '''Southern Colonies''' within [[British America]] consisted of the [[Province of Maryland]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/us/5.asp|title = The Southern Colonies|access-date=2014-10-17}}</ref> the [[Colony of Virginia]], the [[Province of Carolina]] (in 1712 split into [[Province of North-Carolina|North]] and [[Province of South Carolina|South Carolina]]) and the [[Province of Georgia]]. In 1763, the newly created colonies of [[East Florida]] and [[West Florida]] would be added to the Southern Colonies by Great Britain until 1783 when the [[Spanish Empire]] took back [[Spanish Florida|Florida]]. These colonies would become the historical core of what would become the [[Southern United States]], or "[[Dixie]]". The colonies developed prosperous economies based on the cultivation of [[cash crop]]s, such as [[tobacco]],<ref name=tev1>{{cite book| last = Boyer| first = Paul S.| authorlink = Paul S. Boyer| title = The Enduring Vision, 5th Edition| publisher = [[Houghghton-Mifflin]]| series = The Enduring Vision| page = 64 | year = 2004| doi = | isbn = 0-618-28065-0 }}</ref> [[Indigofera|indigo]],<ref name=pink>{{cite web|url=http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_indigo.htm|last=West|first=Jean M.|work=Slavery in America|title=The Devil's Blue Dye and Slavery|accessdate=2011-01-16|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120614034859/http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_indigo.htm|archivedate=2012-06-14}}</ref> and [[rice]].<ref name=tev2>{{cite book| last = Boyer| first = Paul S.| authorlink = Paul S. Boyer| title = The Enduring Vision, 5th Edition| publisher = [[Houghton-Mifflin]]| series = The Enduring Vision| page = 77 | year = 2004| doi = | isbn = 0-618-28065-0 }}</ref> A side effect of the cultivation of these crops was the presence of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] in significantly higher proportions than in other parts of British America. ==Carolina== The [[Province of Carolina]], originally chartered in 1608, was an [[English colonial empire|English]] and later [[British colonization of the Americas|British colony]] of [[North America]]. Because the original charter was unrealized and was ruled invalid, a new charter was issued to a group of eight English noblemen, the [[Lords Proprietors]], on March 24, 1663.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/nc01.asp | title = Charter yes history the best thing since stuff crust pizza of Carolina - March 24, 1663 | access-date = 2012-03-24}}</ref> Led informally by [[Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury]], the Province of Carolina was controlled from 1663 to 1729 by these lords and their heirs. Shaftesbury and his secretary, the philosopher [[John Locke]], devised an intricate plan to govern the many people arriving in the colony. The [[Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina]] sought to ensure the colony's stability by allotting political status by a settler's wealth upon arrival - making a [[Manorial-ism|semi-manorial system]] with a Council of Nobles and a plan to have small landholders defer to these nobles. However, the settlers did not find it necessary to take orders from the Council. By 1680, the colony had a large export industry of tobacco, [[lumber]], and [[Pitch (resin)|pitch]] In 1691, dissent over the governance of the province led to the appointment of a deputy governor to administer the northern half of Carolina. After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both Carolina's became [[crown colony|royal colonies]]. ==Georgia== The British colony of Georgia was founded by [[James Oglethorpe]] on February 12, 1733.<ref>{{cite web|title=This Day in Georgia History - February 1|url=http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/tdgh-feb/feb01.htm|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref> The colony was administered by the [[Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America|Georgia Trustees]] under a charter issued by and named for [[King George II of Great Britain|King George II]]. The Trustees implemented an elaborate plan for the settlement of the colony, known as the [[the Oglethorpe Plan|Oglethorpe Plan]], which envisioned an agrarian society of Yeoman farmers and prohibited slavery. In 1742 the colony was [[Invasion of Georgia (1742)|invaded by the Spanish]] during the [[War of Jenkins' Ear]]. In 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Crown]], and Georgia became a [[Crown colony#History|Crown colony]], with a governor appointed by the king.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-816 |title=Trustee Georgia, 1732–1752 |publisher=Georgiaencyclopedia.org |date=July 27, 2009 |accessdate=October 24, 2010}}</ref> The warm climate and swampy lands make it perfect for growing crops such as tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and indigo. ==Maryland== George Calvert received a charter from [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] to found the colony of [[Maryland]] in 1632. When George Calvert died, Cecilius Calvert, later known as Lord Baltimore, became the proprietor. Calvert came from a wealthy [[Catholic church|Catholic]] family and was the first individual (rather than a joint-stock company) to receive a grant from the Crown. He received a grant for a large tract of land north of the [[Potomac river]] and on either side of [[Chesapeake Bay]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Browne|first= William Hand|date=1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kwOAAAAIAAJ |title=George Calvert and Cecil Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore|place=New York|publisher= Dodd, Mead, and Company|ref=harv}} p. 17</ref> Calvert planned on creating a haven for English Roman Catholics, most of whom were well-to-do nobles such as himself who could not worship in public.<ref name=Mary>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108223.html|title=Maryland: History, Geography, Population, and State Facts|work=Info please|accessdate=2011-01-17}}</ref> He planned on creating an [[Agrarianism|agrarian]] [[manorialism|manorial]] society where each noble would have a large manor and tenants would work in the fields and on other tasks. However, with extremely cheap land prices, many [[Protestant]]s moved to Maryland and bought land for themselves. They soon became a majority of the population, and in 1642 religious tension began to erupt. Calvert was forced to take control and pass the [[Maryland Toleration Act]] in 1649, making Maryland the second colony to have freedom of worship, after [[Rhode Island]]. However, the Act did little to help religious peace. In 1654, Protestants barred Catholics from voting, ousted a [[William Stone (Maryland governor)|pro-tolerance Governor]], and repealed the Toleration Act.<ref name=tev5>{{cite book| last = Boyer| first = Paul S.|author-link= Paul S. Boyer| title = The Enduring Vision, 5th Edition| publisher = [[Houghton-Mifflin]]| series = The Enduring Vision| pages = 68–69 | year = 2004| do =| ISBN = 0-618-28065-0}}</ref> Maryland stayed Protestant until Calvert again took control of the colony in 1658. ==Virginia== The '''Colony of [[Virginia]]''' (also known frequently as the '''Virginia Colony''' or the '''Province of Virginia''', and occasionally as the '''Dominion and Colony of Virginia''') was an [[English colonial empire|English colony]] in [[North America]] which existed briefly during the 16th century, and then continuously from 1607 until the [[American Revolution]] (as a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] colony after 1707<ref>The Royal Government in Virginia, 1624-1775, Volume 84, Issue 1, Percy Scott Flippin, Wallace Everett Caldwell, p. 288</ref>). The name Virginia was first applied by [[Sir Walter Raleigh]] and [[Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] in 1584. '''[[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]''' was the first town created by the Virginia colony. After the [[English Civil War]] in the mid 17th century, the Virginia Colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]] for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the [[Commonwealth of England]]. While other colonies were being founded, Virginia continued to grow. Tobacco planters held the best land near the coast, so new settlers pushed inland. Sir William Berkeley, the colony's governor, sent explorers over the Blue Ridge Mountains to open up the back country of Virginia to settlement. After independence from Great Britain in 1776 the Virginia Colony became the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]], one of the original [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen states]] of the United States, adopting as its official slogan "The Old Dominion". The states of [[West Virginia]], [[Kentucky]], [[Indiana]] and [[Illinois]], and portions of [[Ohio]], were all later created from the territory encompassed earlier by the Colony of Virginia. ==See also== *[[Middle Colonies]] *[[Mid-Atlantic states|Mid-Atlantic]] *[[Chesapeake Colonies]] *[[Colonial South and the Chesapeake]] *[[Colonial history of the United States]] *[[New England Colonies]] *[[Confederate States of America]] *[[South Atlantic States]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Thirteen Colonies}} [[Category:Colonial United States (British)|-04]] [[Category:Colonization history of the United States|B04]] [[Category:Thirteen Colonies]] [[Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas]] [[Category:History of the Southern United States|Colonies]]'