Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox Religious group| |group = Maronites<br/>الموارنة<br/>ܡܪܘܢܝܐ | image = [[File:MontLibanbuikdingchurch.jpg|200px]] | caption = Maronite villagers building a church in [[Mount Lebanon]], 1920s. |population = 3,500,000<ref name="bkerke.org.lb">www.bkerke.org.lb</ref> |founder = Disciples of Saint Maroun |region1 = {{flag|Lebanon}} |pop1 = 930,000<ref name=freedom>[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108487.htm Lebanon - International Religious Freedom Report 2008] U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2009-09-04.</ref> |region2 = {{BRA}} |pop2 = 500,000<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.igrejamaronita.org.br |title=Diocese Maronita |publisher=Igrejamaronita.org.br |date= |accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref> |region3 = {{ARG}} |pop3 = 700,000 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maronite-heritage.com/LNE.php?page=Statistics |title=700,000 Maronites lives in Argentina |publisher=Kobayat.org |date= |accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref> |region4 = {{MEX}} |pop4 = 150,000<ref name="maronite-heritage.com">[http://www.maronite-heritage.com/html/eparchies.html Maronite Heritage- Church, History, Saints, Lebanon]</ref> |region5 = {{AUS}} |pop5 = 150,000 <ref name="eccpageid1"/> |region6 = {{CAN}} |pop6 = 80,000<ref name="eccpageid1"/> |region7 = {{USA}} |pop7 = 200,000 <ref name="eccpageid1">{{cite web|url=http://www.maronite-heritage.com/LNE.php?page=Statistics |title= – The Maronite Catholic Church}</ref> |region8 = {{SYR}} |pop8 = 50,000<ref name="maronite-heritage.com"/> <ref>[http://looklex.com/e.o/maronite.htm Looklex.com]</ref> |region9 = {{ISR}} |pop9 = 6,700<ref> [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/Christian_communities.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref> |region10 = {{CYP}} |pop10 = 5,000<ref> [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49749d34b.html UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency]</ref> |langs = Vernacular:<br/>[[Lebanese Arabic]], [[Cypriot Maronite Arabic]]<br/> Liturgical:<br/>[[Syriac language|Syriac]] |rels = [[Christianity]] |scrips = [[Bible]] }} The '''Maronite Church''' ({{lang-ar|'''الموارنة'''}}, [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: '''Maruni''', [[Syriac]]: '''ܡܪܘܢܝܐ''', {{lang-la|'''Ecclesia Maronitarum'''}}) is an [[Eastern Catholic Church]] in [[full communion]] with the [[Holy See]]. It traces its heritage back to [[Maron]], a Syriac Monk in the early 5th century later beatified as Saint Maroun or [[Saint Maron]]. The first Maronite Patriarch, [[John Maron]], was elected in the late 7th century. Although reduced in numbers today, Maronites remain one of the principal ethno-religious groups in [[Lebanon]] and they continue to represent the absolute majority of [[Lebanese people]] when the Lebanese [[diaspora]] is included. Unique amongst Eastern Catholics, the Maronites are [[Eastern Christians]] who have always remained in communion with the [[Bishop of Rome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maryourmother.net/Eastern.html|title=The Eastern Catholic Churches|}|publisher="The gradual evolution of the Latin West and the Greek East culminated in the tragic [[Schism]] of the Church in 1054. Nearly all of the remaining Eastern Churches, '''EXCEPT the Maronites''' and the Italo-Albanians, joined the [[Byzantine]] or [[Greek Orthodox]] Church of Constantinople"5 Roberson, Ronald. The Eastern Christian Churches, Sixth Edition. Editione Orientalia Christiana, Pontificio Istituto Orientalia (Pontifical Oriental Institute), Rome, Italy, pp. 20, 27, 139-188, 1999}} </ref> Before the [[History of Lebanon under Arab rule|conquest by Arabian Muslims]] reached [[Lebanon]], the [[Lebanese people]] including those who would become [[Islamization|Muslim]] and the majority who would remain [[Christian]], spoke a dialect of [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.walidphares.com/artman/publish/article_58.shtml |title=Review of Phares Book |publisher=Walidphares.com |date= |accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref><ref> The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon. By Michael C. Hudson, 1968</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=ugpIAAAAMAAJ&q=%22maronites+spoke&dq=%22maronites+spoke&pgis=1 Lebanon: Its Stand in History Among the Near East Countries] By Salim Wakim, 1996.</ref> [[Syriac language|Syriac]] (Christian Aramaic) still remains the [[liturgical language]] of the Maronite Church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stgeorgesa.org/ |title=St. George Maronite Church |publisher=Stgeorgesa.org |date= |accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref> ==History== [[File:Maroun04.jpg|thumb|left|150px|St Maron (died sometime between 406 and 423), founder of the Maronite spiritual movement. Since the 17th century, his feast day has been celebrated on February 9.]] It was in [[Antioch]] that the followers of [[Jesus Christ]] were first called Christians (Acts 11:26). Antioch, especially after the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70)|destruction of Jerusalem]] in 70 [[Common Era| CE]], became a center for Christianity. According to Catholic tradition, the first Bishop was [[Saint Peter]] before his travels to Rome. The third Bishop was the [[Apostolic Father]] [[Ignatius of Antioch]]. Antioch became one of the five original [[Patriarchate]]s (the [[Pentarchy]]) after [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine]] recognized Christianity. [[St. Maron]], a contemporary and friend of [[St. John Chrysostom]], was a [[monk]] in the fourth century who left Antioch for the [[Orontes River]] to lead an [[ascetic]] life, following the traditions of [[Anthony the Great]] of the Desert and [[Pachomius]]. Many of his followers also lived a monastic lifestyle. Following the death of Maron in 410 CE, his disciples built a monastery in his memory and formed the nucleus of the Maronite Church. The Maronites held fast to the beliefs of the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 CE. When 350 monks were slain by the [[Monophysites]] of Antioch, the Maronites sought refuge in the mountains of Lebanon. Correspondence concerning the event brought papal and orthodox recognition of the Maronites which was solidified by [[Pope Hormisdas]] (514-523 CE) on February 10, 518 CE. A monastery was built around the shrine of St. Maro after the [[Council of Chalcedon]]<ref>Attwater, Donald; The Christian Churches of the East</ref> The martyrdom of the Patriarch of Antioch in 602 CE, left the Maronites without a leader, a situation which continued because of the final and most devastating war between the Byzantine and Persian Empires of the early 7th century. In 687 CE, the Emperor [[Justinian II]] agreed to evacuate many thousands of Maronites from Lebanon and settle them elsewhere. The chaos and utter depression which followed led the Maronites to elect their first Patriarch, [[John Maroun]] that year. This however was seen as a usurpation by the Orthodox churches. Thus, at a time when Islam was rising on the borders of the [[Byzantine Empire]] and a united front was necessary to keep out the Islamic infiltration, the Maronites were focused on a struggle to retain their independence against imperial power. This situation was mirrored in other Christian communities in the Byzantine Empire and helped facilitate the Muslim conquest of the most of Eastern [[Christendom]] by the end of the century. {{The Maronites}} === Muslim rule === Now under Arabic rule after the Muslim conquest of [[Syria]], the Maronites' relationship with the Byzantine Empire improved. The imperial court, seeing its earlier mistake, saw an advantage in the current situation. Thus, Byzantine Emperor [[Constantine IV]] provided direct ecclesiastical, political and military support to the Maronites. The new alliance soon coordinated devastating raids on Muslim forces, providing a welcome relief to the besieged Christians throughout the Middle East. Some of the Maronites relocated to [[Mount Lebanon]] at this time and formed several communities that became known as the [[Marada]]. That is from the view of 17th century Patriarch [[Estephan El Douaihy]] (also known as Stephane Al Doueihi Arabic: أسطفان الدويهي‎, “The Father of Maronite History” and the “Pillar of the Maronite Church”). Another view is of Ibn al-Qilaii, a Maronite scholar from the 16th century who proposed that Maronites fled Muslim persecutions of the [[Umayyads]], in the late 9th century CE. The most widely accepted theory stipulates that the Maronites fled [[West Syrian Rite|Jacobite]] [[monophysite]] persecution, because of [[Monothelite]] heresy as advanced by Sergius of Tyr, a scholar of the 10th century CE. It is most probable, because nearly all the sects became Monothelite after that it was introduced by [[Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople]]. The Maronite migration to the mountains was over a long period, but the main migration must have occurred during the 7th century. Around 1017 CE, a new Muslim sect emerged calling themselves the [[Druze]]. At this time the Maronites, as [[Dhimmi#Legal and social status|dhimmi]], were required to wear black robes and black turbans so to be easily identified; they were also forbidden to ride horses. It was late in the 11th century when the Crusaders made their way to the lands of the [[Levant]] to overthrow Islam; on their way they passed through Lebanon where they came across the Maronites. The Maronites had been largely cut off from the rest of the Christian world resulting in part from a blockade that was said to have lasted for around 400 years. The Church in Rome had been unaware that the Maronites were still in existence. The crusaders and Maronites established ties and from this point provided each other with mutual assistance. [[File:MontLiban-Maronitemonkandpilgrims.jpg|thumb|left|Maronite monk and [[pilgrims]], [[Mount Lebanon]].]] After 637 CE, the Maronites were effectively isolated from Christians of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe. As a result they appointed their own [[List of Maronite Patriarchs|Patriarch]], starting with John Maron, who had been a bishop of [[Batroun]], Mount Lebanon. Through him, the Maronites of today claim full [[apostolic succession]] through the [[episcopal see|See]] of Antioch. Nonetheless, controversy surrounds this claim as some Maronites have been accused of having fully adopted the [[Monothelite]] heresy; this led to a number of civil wars (e.g. 1282 and 1499 CE). Following the conquest of Eastern Christendom outside of [[Anatolia]] and Europe by the Muslims, and the establishment of secured lines of control between Islamic [[Caliphs]] and Byzantine Emperors, little was heard from the Maronites for 400 years. Secure in their mountain strongholds, it was not until the crusader [[Raymond IV of Toulouse|Raymond of Toulouse]] on his way to conquer Jerusalem in the [[First Crusade|Great Crusade]] that the Maronites were re-discovered in the mountains near [[Tripoli, Lebanon]]. Raymond later returned to [[Siege of Tripoli|besiege Tripoli]] after his conquest of Jerusalem and relations between the Maronites and European Christianity were re-established. === Crusades === During the [[Crusades]] in the 12th century CE, Maronites assisted the Crusaders and affirmed their affiliation with the Holy See in 1182 CE. Consequently, from this point onwards, the Maronites have upheld an unbroken ecclesiastical orthodoxy and unity with the Catholic Church. To commemorate their communion, Maronite Patriarch [[Youseff Al Jirjisi]] received the crown and staff marking his patriarchal authority, from [[Pope Paschal II]]in 1100 CE. In 1131, Maronite Patriarch [[Gregorious Al Halati]] received letters from Pope [[Innocent II]] in which the Papacy recognized the authority of the Patriarchate. It was in the 16th century CE when Western religious groups started settling in Lebanon. The migration began in 1626 with the Capuchins, followed by the Jesuits. The groups moving at this time did this in order to serve the Lebanese, opening schools for the Maronite people until there was a school next to each church. This made it possible for the Maronites to acquire a formal eduction. The Maronites were on the forefront of the cultural Renaissance in the Middle East. [[File:NunofLebanon.jpg|thumb|right|Maronite nun from Mount Lebanon, painting from 1779.]] However, connection to Rome was arduously maintained and through diplomacy and maneuvering, European powers helped keep the Maronite community from destruction. Eventually, a [[Maronite College]] was established at Rome on July 5, 1584. From this college, the Maronite community obtained some valuable assistance in maintaining their Christian identity. In 1610, the Maronite monks of the Monastery of [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony]] of [[Qozhaya]] imported one of the first printing presses in what is known as the Arabic-speaking world; however that press was printing in the Syriac language and not Arabic. The monasteries of Lebanon would later become key players in the [[Arabic Renaissance]] of the late 19th century as a result of developing Arabic, as well as Syriac, printable script. === Ottoman rule === Following the defeat of the [[Mamelukes]] by the [[Ottoman Empire]], and to reward their new [[Druze]] ally who fought with them in the battle of Marj Dabek (1516), the Ottomans rewarded Prince [[Fakher el Din al Maani I]], with the Principality of Lebanon, where he established a Druze-Maronite alliance lasting for hundreds of years and resulted in the establishment of a prosperous principality which would be the base of the modern Lebanese Republic. The Maronites were partners in governing the new principality; often the post of Moudabbir (roughly Prime Minister) and the post of Army Commander were given to a Maronite, usually a [[Khazen]] or a Hobeich of Keserwan. During this period (1516-1840), the Maronites started returning to southern Mount Lebanon where they had lived before they were almost exterminated by the Mamelukes in 1307. Thus the historic [[Keserwan District|Keserwan]] and all the Druze mountains were repopulated. It was this love and affection between the Maronites and Druze that helped establish the Lebanese identity. On July 15, 1584, a Maronite college was established in Rome with Pope Gregory hosting the grand opening. [[Fakhr-al-din II]], who was said to have been brought up by a Maronite family, fought for Lebanese independence for over 50 years. In the mid 16th century, 25,000 Ottoman troops launched an attack on Lebanon. During the ensuing battles, Fakhr and three of his sons were captured and subsequently executed in Istanbul on the 13th day of April 1635 In 1638, France declared that it would protect the Catholics within the Ottoman Empire, including the Maronites. In 1856, the Maronites' uprising took place against governor (Dawood pasha). [[Youssef Karam]] was the son of Sheikh Boutros Karam, at that time the Sheikh was lord of [[Ehden]] and surrounding district. In 1997, Pope of the Catholic Church, [[John Paul II]] visited Lebanon to give hope to Lebanese Catholics. He said, "Lebanon is more than a country, it is a message." ==Organization== [[File:Peshitta464.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Peshitta]] is the standard Syriac Bible, used by the Maronite Church, amongst others. The illustration is of the Peshitta text of [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] 13:14-16 produced in [[Diyarbakır|Amida]] in the year 464.]] The head of the Maronite Church is the [[List of Maronite Patriarchs|Maronite Patriarch of Antioch]], who is elected by the Maronite bishops and resides in [[Bkerké]], close to [[Jounieh]], north of [[Beirut]] (the Maronite Patriarch resides in the northern town of [[Dimane]] during the summer months). The current Patriarch (since 1986) is [[Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir]]. When a new patriarch is elected and enthroned, he requests ecclesiastical recognition by the [[Pope]], thus maintaining their communion with the [[Holy See]]. As an Eastern patriarch, the patriarch joins the [[College of Cardinals]], being enrolled in the order of [[Cardinal Bishop]]s; he does not receive a suburbicarian see, since he is a head of a [[sui iuris]] Church. Maronites share the same doctrine as other Catholics, but they retain their own [[liturgy]], [[theology]], [[spirituality]], [[discipline]] and [[hierarchy]]. Strictly speaking, the Maronite church belongs to the [[Antiochene]] tradition and is a [[Antiochene rite#Syriac liturgies|West Syro-Antiochene Rite]]. Syriac is the [[liturgical language]]. Nevertheless, they are considered, along with the [[Syro-Malabar Church]], to be among the most [[liturgical latinisation|Latinised]] of the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] although there have been moves to return to Eastern practices. Cardinal [[Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir|Sfeir]]'s personal commitment accelerated liturgical reforms in the 1980s and 1990s, bearing fruit in 1992 with the publication of a new Maronite [[Missal]]. This represents an attempt to return to the original form of the Antiochene Liturgy, removing the [[liturgical latinisation]] of past centuries. The Service of the Word has been described as far more enriched than in previous missals, and it features six [[Anaphora (liturgy)|Anaphora]]s (Eucharistic Prayers). [[clerical celibacy|Celibacy]] is not strictly required for deacons and priests with [[parish]]es; monks, however, must remain celibate, as well as bishops who are normally selected from the monasteries. Due to a long-term understanding with their Latin counterparts in North America, Maronite priests in that area are expected to remain celibate. The bishops who serve as eparchs and archeparchs of the eparchies and archeparchies (the equivalent of diocese and archdiocese in the Roman Catholic Church) are answerable to the Patriarch. ==Population== The exact worldwide Maronite population is not known, although it is at least 3 million according to the [[Catholic Near East Welfare Association]]. Based on a 2007 report, approximately there are 930,000 Maronites in [[Lebanon]] where they constitute up to 22% of the population.<ref name=freedom>[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108487.htm Lebanon - International Religious Freedom Report 2008] U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2009-09-04.</ref> According to an agreement between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the president of the country must be a Maronite.<ref>[http://www.pogar.org/countries/theme.aspx?cid=9&t=3 United Nations Development Programme : ''Programme on Governance in the Arab Region : Elections : Lebanon''] Retrieved 25 January 2010</ref> Syrian Maronites total 51,000 and they follow the archdioceses of [[Aleppo]] and [[Damascus]] and the [[Diocese]] of [[Latakia]].<ref name="annuario">[http://www.cnewacanada.ca/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat08.pdf Annuario Pontificio : ''The Eastern Catholic Churches 2008''] Retrieved 25 January 2010</ref> There is also a Maronite community in [[Cyprus]] which speaks [[Cypriot Maronite Arabic]].<ref>Maria Tsiapera, ''A Descriptive Analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic'', 1969, Mouton and Company, The Hague, 69 pages</ref><ref>[http://moi.gov.cy/new/admin/sections/filedepot/uploaded/file/PDF_FILES/EuropeanCharterForRegionalMinorities.pdf Cyprus Ministry of Interior : ''European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages : Answers to the Comments/Questions Submitted to the Government of Cyprus Regarding its Initial Periodical Report''] Retrieved 25 January 2010</ref> They are a recognized religious minority on the island and the community elects a representative to sit in the [[House of Representatives of Cyprus|House of Representatives]] to voice their interests. They are descended from those Maronites who accompanied the crusaders, although more recent Lebanese immigrants are often included as part of the community, which numbers 10,000.<ref name="annuario"/> A noticeable Maronite community exists in northern Israel, numbering 7,504.<ref name="annuario"/> [[File:Mont Liban Patriarch in Rome1.jpg|thumb|right|Maronite [[Patriarch]] and [[bishops]] in Rome, 1906.]] The two residing eparchies in the United States have issued their own "Maronite Census", designed to estimate how many Maronites reside in the United States. Many Maronites have been assimilated into Western Catholicism as there were no Maronite parishes or priests available. The "Maronite Census" was designed to locate these Maronites. There are also eparchies at [[Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Líbano em São Paulo|São Paulo]] in Brazil; and in [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]].<ref name="annuario"/> ===Names=== {{unrefsect|date=March 2010}} Modern [[Maronite]]s often adopt French or other Western European [[given name]]s (with biblical origins) for their children like [[Michel (name)|Michel]], [[Marc (given name)|Marc]], [[Marie (given name)|Marie]], [[George (given name)|Georges]], [[Carl (name)|Carole]], [[Charles]], [[Antoine]] and [[Pierre]]. [[Given name]]s of [[Arabic]] origins identical with those of their Muslim neighbors are also common, such as Khalil, Samir, Salim, Jameel, Hisham, or [[Toufic (given name)|Toufic]]. Other common names are strictly Christian and are [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], or Arabic, forms of biblical, [[Hebrew Bible|Hebrew]], or Greek Christian names, such as Antun (Anthony or Antonios), Butros (Peter), Boulos (Paul), Rami, Semaan or Shamaoun (Simon), Jergyes (George), Elie (Ilyas or Elias), Iskander (Alexander) and Beshara (literally [[Good news (Christianity)|Good News]] in reference to the [[Gospel]]). Other common names are Sarkis (Sergius) and Bakhos (Bacchus), while others are common both among Christians and Muslims, such as Youssef (Joseph) or Ibrahim (Abraham). Some Maronite Christians are named in honour of Maronite saints, including the Aramaic names Maroun (after their patron saint, [[Maron]]), [[Nimattullah Kassab Al-Hardini|Nimtullah]], [[Charbel]] and [[Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès|Rafqa]]. ===Persecution & struggle=== [[Maronite]] Christians felt fear and exclusion from [[Pan Arabism]] in [[Lebanon]],<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=2PbLcYdLUgsC&pg=PA104</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=te2Jg-RTi4YC&pg=PA432</ref> part of its historic suffering is the [[Damour massacre]] by Islamic [[Palestinian]]s and by [[Syrian]] forces. Until recently, the [[Cyprus]] Maronites battle to preserve ancestral language.<ref>http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jjI_ucd-wG3Zk86bfIISik0TjKcQ</ref> The Maronite monks maintain that Lebanon is synonymous with Maronite history and ethos; that its Maronitism antedates the Arab conquest of Syria and Lebanon and that Arabism is only a historical accident.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=8Ogp94y8CJgC&pg=PA303</ref> ==See also== {{Eastern Catholicism}} *[[Cypriot Maronite Arabic]] *[[Hbaline]] *''[[Lebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance]]'' *[[List of Maronites]] *[[List of Maronite Patriarchs]] *[[Maron]] *[[Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{nofootnotes|remainder of this section|date=March 2010}} * [http://www.sancharbel.com.ve Monasterio San Charbel Caracas Venezuela] == Further reading == * R. J. Mouawad, ''Les Maronites. Chrétiens du Liban'', Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2009, ISBN 978-2-503-53041-3 * Kamal Salibi - ''A House of Many Mansions - The History of Lebanon Reconsidered'' ([[University of California Press]], 1990). * ''Maronite Church''. ''New Catholic Encyclopedia'', Second Edition, 2003. * Riley-Smith, Johnathan - ''The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades'' ([[Oxford University Press]], Oxford, 1995) ==External links== {{Commons category|Maronite churches}} *{{1913CE|Maronites}} *[http://www.maronitehistory.org/ Maronite History Project] &mdash; a Maronite encyclopedia wiki *[http://dlxs2.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cdl;idno=cdl324 The Druzes and the Maronites under the Turkish Rule from 1840 to 1860] [[Cornell University]] Library Historical Monographs Collection. [Reprinted by] [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1429739827/?tag=corneunivelib-20 Cornell University Library Digital Collections] *[http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=34656 Catholic Culture: News] &mdash; Maronite population discussed ===Maronite hierarchy=== *[http://www.bkerkelb.org/english/ The Maronite Patriarchate at Bkerké] ====Dioceses==== *[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Rite diocese based in Sydney, Australia] *[http://www.stmaron.org/ Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn] *[http://www.usamaronite.org/ Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon] ===Church organizations=== *[http://www.kreimists.org/index.php Congregation of the Lebanese Maronites Missionnaries] *[http://www.maronitemonks.org/index.htm The Maronite Monks of Adoration, Most Holy Trinity Monastery] &mdash; monastery in Massachusetts {{Syriacs}} {{Catholicism}} [[Category:Maronite Church| ]] [[Category:Syriac people]] [[Category:Christianity in Lebanon]] [[Category:Lebanese society]] [[Category:Eastern Catholicism]] [[Category:National churches|Lebanon]] [[Category:Ethnoreligious groups]] [[Category:Christian terms]] [[ar:كنيسة مارونية]] [[arc:ܡܪܘܢܝܐ]] [[frp:Égllése maronita]] [[bs:Maroniti]] [[bg:Маронити]] [[cs:Maronitská katolická církev]] [[de:Maronitische Kirche]] [[el:Μαρωνίτες]] [[es:Iglesia católica maronita]] [[eo:Maronita eklezio]] [[fr:Église maronite]] [[ko:마론파]] [[id:Gereja Maronit]] [[it:Chiesa maronita]] [[he:מארונים]] [[ka:მარონიტები]] [[sw:Wamaroni]] [[hu:Maronita Egyház]] [[nl:Maronitische Kerk]] [[ja:マロン派]] [[no:Den maronittiske kirke]] [[pl:Kościół maronicki]] [[pt:Igreja Maronita]] [[ro:Biserica Maronită]] [[ru:Маронитская католическая церковь]] [[sq:Maronitët]] [[simple:Maronite Church]] [[sl:Maroniti]] [[sr:Маронитска црква]] [[fi:Maroniitit]] [[sv:Maronitiska kyrkan]] [[tr:Maruniler]] [[wa:Maronite]] [[zh:马龙尼礼教会]]'