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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|American actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Corbin Allred
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Corbin Michaell Allred
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|5|25}}
| birth_place = [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2005–present
}}
'''Corbin Michael Allred''' (born May 25, 1979) is an American actor. He starred in the 2003 award-winning motion picture ''[[Saints and Soldiers]]'' and the 1997–1998 television series ''[[Teen Angel (TV series)|Teen Angel]]''.<ref name=":2" />
==Career==
Allred's acting career began when he was 12 years old after attending an open casting call in his home town of [[Midvale, Utah]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=LDS actor pursues career without compromising|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/600116899/LDS-actor-pursues-career-without-compromising.html|website=Deseret News|accessdate=22 January 2018}}</ref> He has appeared in multiple productions for [[Mormon cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:W35rrLSykeMJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=57147240&itype=CMSID+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=LDS-themed 'Saratov Approach' hits $1 million mark|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Haoo6IPqfeoJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54958637&itype=cmsid+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=Looking back: Ten films show the best from 'Mormon Cinema'|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Allred is a member of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], and served an [[LDS Mission]] in [[Australia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ldsliving.com/Natalie-Portman-Called-to-Wish-Me-Luck-on-My-LDS-Mission/s/83419|title=Natalie Portman Called to Wish Me Luck on My LDS Mission|date=2016-11-01|work=LDS Living|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref>
In addition to ''[[Saints and Soldiers]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:7gUJjkPAEjUJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54668273&itype=cmsid+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title='Saints and Soldiers' sequel explores faith at war|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:wIIlZiiTyVwJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54689235&itype=CMSID+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=Movie review: 'Airborne Creed' weighs war and faith|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[Teen Angel (1997 TV series)|Teen Angel]]'', Allred played the lead role in ''[[Josh Kirby... Time Warrior!]]'' and is known for his role in ''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]''. He appeared in the 1999 films ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]'' alongside [[Dan Aykroyd]] and [[Kirk Douglas]] and ''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]'' with [[Natalie Portman]]<ref name=":1" /> and [[Susan Sarandon]]. He played a lead role in [[The Saratov Approach]], a 2013 film about the weeklong abduction of two [[LDS missionaries]] in [[Russia]] that occurred in 1998.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Saratov Approach|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_saratov_approach/|language=en|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref>
In television, he's had roles in an episode of ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'',<ref name=":1" /> an episode of ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'', and a couple episodes of ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)]].''
Allred is also a musician and a Physician Assistant practicing in [[Oregon]].
==Filmography==
=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1993
|''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]''
|Young Lad
|
|-
|1993
|''[[Quest of the Delta Knights]]''
|Tee
|Video
|-
|1994
|''[[No Dessert, Dad, till You Mow the Lawn]]''
|Moonpie
|
|-
|1995–96
|''[[Josh Kirby... Time Warrior!|Josh Kirby]]''
|Josh Kirby
|Video series
|-
|1997
|''Address Unknown''
|Lance Pirth
|
|-
|1999
|''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]''
|Michael Agensky
|
|-
|1999
|''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]''
|Peter
|
|-
|1999
|''Christmas Mission''
|Tomberline
|Video short
|-
|2003
|''[[Saints and Soldiers]]''
|Cpl. Nathan 'Deacon' Greer
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Take a Chance (2006 film)|Take a Chance]]''
|Elliot Buddles / Gustav
|Video
|-
|2006
|''{{sortname|The|Work and the Glory III: A House Divided|nolink=1}}''
|John Griffith
|
|-
|2008
|''Team''
|Klausy
|Short
|-
|2009
|''{{sortname|The|Wild Stallion}}''
|Morg
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed]]''
|Cpl. James Rossi
|
|-
|2013
|''{{sortname|The|Saratov Approach}}''
|Elder Tuttle
|
|-
|2015
|''47 Minutes''
|Mckowski
|Short
|-
|2019
|''Out of Liberty''
|[[Porter Rockwell]]
|
|}
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1995
|''[[Saved by the Bell: The New Class]]''
|Franklin
|"The Principal's Principles"
|-
|1996
|''My Son Is Innocent''
|First Kid
|TV film
|-
|1996
|''[[Blue Rodeo (film)|Blue Rodeo]]''
|Peter Yearwood
|TV film
|-
|1997
|''[[Social Studies (TV series)|Social Studies]]''
|Chip Wigley
|Main role
|-
|1997
|''ABC TGIF''
|Steve Beauchamp
|"Frightful Halloween Bash"
|-
|1997–98
|''[[Teen Angel (1997 TV series)|Teen Angel]]''
|Steve Beauchamp
|Lead role
|-
|1998
|''[[Touched by an Angel]]''
|Greg Banks
|"Last Dance"
|-
|1998
|''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]''
|Justin Thumb
|"Boy Was My Face Red", "Good Will Haunting"
|-
|2001
|''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]''
|Ben Jennings
|"Alter Boys"
|-
|2002
|''[[Judging Amy]]''
|Philip Dunbar
|"The Cook of the Money Pot"
|-
|2002
|''[[Dharma & Greg]]''
|Rick Sanderson
|"Mission: Implausible"
|-
|2002
|''[[Boston Public]]''
|Jason Paul
|"Chapter 42"
|-
|2002
|''[[State of Grace (TV series)|State of Grace]]''
|
|"Episode dated 19 August 2002"
|-
|2002
|''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]''
|Petty Off. 2nd Class Pittman
|"Dangerous Game"
|-
|2003
|''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]''
|Scott
|"Mr. Monk Goes to Mexico"
|-
|2003
|''[[Threat Matrix]]''
|Pvt. Perry
|"Doctor Germ"
|-
|2003
|''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''
|Corpsman Milano
|"High Seas"
|-
|2003
|''[[7th Heaven (TV series)|7th Heaven]]''
|Griffith Miller
|"Go Ask Alice"
|-
|2004
|''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''
|Doug
|"Get Carter"
|-
|2004
|''{{sortname|The|Division}}''
|Ron Evans
|"Book of Memories"
|-
|2004
|''[[CSI: Miami]]''
|Paul Abbot
|"Crime Wave"
|-
|2008
|''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]''
|Adam Matthews
|"The Wannabe in the Weeds"
|-
|2013
|''[[Granite Flats]]''
|Jasper Lovett
|"The Wrong Man", "Something Dangerous"
|}
==References==
<references />
==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0021607}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Allred, Corbin}}
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saints from California]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saints from Utah]]
[[Category:Male actors from Salt Lake City]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
{{US-screen-actor-1970s-stub}}' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Other uses}}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{{pp-vand|small=yes}}
{{short description|45th president of the United States}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
<!-- See [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Donald Trump official portrait.jpg<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the picture without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 1. -->
| alt = Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin.
| caption =
| order = 45th<!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] had a weak consensus to keep the status-quo of no link. -->
| office = President of the United States
| vicepresident = [[Mike Pence]]
| term_start = January 20, 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Barack Obama]]
| successor =
| birth_name = Donald John Trump
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}}
| birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this location without prior consensus, do not add Jamaica, NY state or U.S. etc, please see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 2. -->
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)
| otherparty = {{plainlist|
* [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (until 1987, 2001–2009)
* [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]] (1999–2001)
* [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2011–2012)
}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Ivana Zelníčková]]|April 7, 1977|March 22, 1992|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|December 20, 1993|June 8, 1999|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|January 22, 2005}}
}}
| children = {{flatlist|
* [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]]
* [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]]
* [[Eric Trump|Eric]]
* [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]]
* [[Barron Trump|Barron]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 10. -->
}}
| parents = {{Ublist|[[Fred Trump]]|[[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}}
| relatives = [[Family of Donald Trump|Trump family]]
| awards = [[List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump|List of honors and awards]]
| residence = {{plainlist|
* [[White House]] (official)
* [[Mar-a-Lago]] (personal)
* [[Residences of Donald Trump|Full list]]
}}
| alma_mater = [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Economics|Econ.]])<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this college or diploma without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 18. -->
| net_worth = US$3.1 billion (March 2019)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this value without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth}}
| signature = Donald Trump Signature.svg
| signature_alt = Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{URL|https://donaldjtrump.com|Official website}}
* {{URL|https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump|White House website}}
* {{URL|https://twitter.com/POTUS|Presidential Twitter}}
* {{URL|https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump|Personal Twitter}}}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->
| nickname = "The Donald"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/|title=Why does everyone call Donald Trump ‘The Donald’? It’s an interesting story.|last=Argetsinger|first=Amy|date=September 1, 2015|website=[[The Washington Post]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
}}
{{Donald Trump series}}
<!-- NOTE: Changes to the lead are regularly discussed on the talk page. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT WAR. If you make a change that is reverted, please open a discussion or contribute to an existing one, per [[WP:BRD]]. Consensus items marked "DO NOT CHANGE" require prior discussion. -->
'''Donald John Trump''' (born June 14, 1946) is the [[List of presidents of the United States#Presidents|45th]] and current [[president of the United States]]. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the first paragraph without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of [[Queens]], and received a [[bachelor's degree]] in economics from the [[Wharton School]]. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it [[The Trump Organization]], and expanded its operations from Queens and [[Brooklyn]] into [[Manhattan]]. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started [[The Trump Organization#Other ventures and investments|various side ventures]], mostly by licensing his name. He owned the [[Miss Universe]] and [[Miss USA]] beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and produced and hosted ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]'', a [[reality television]] show, from 2003 to 2015. ''[[Forbes]]'' estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion.{{efn|name=Wealth}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE net worth without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->
Trump entered the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential race]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and defeated 16 other candidates in the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|primaries]]. [[Political positions of Donald Trump|His political positions]] have been described as [[populist]], [[protectionist]], and [[nationalist]]. Despite being disfavored in most forecasts, he was elected in a surprise victory over [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Hillary Clinton]], although he lost the popular vote.{{efn|name=electoral-college|Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]], in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in [[United States Congress|Congress]], and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for [[faithless electors]]). Consequently, it is possible for the [[president-elect]] to have received fewer votes from the country's total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|five times since 1824]].}} He became the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|oldest first-term U.S. president]],{{efn|[[Ronald Reagan]] was older upon his second-term inauguration.}} and the first without [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|prior military or government service]]. His election and policies have sparked [[Protests against Donald Trump|numerous protests]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 20. --> Trump has made [[Veracity of statements by Donald Trump|many false or misleading statements]] during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 35. --> Many of his [[Racial views of Donald Trump|comments and actions]] have also been characterized as racially charged or racist.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 30. -->
During [[Presidency of Donald Trump|his presidency]], Trump [[Executive Order 13769|ordered a travel ban]] on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after [[Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban|legal challenges]], the Supreme Court upheld [[Presidential Proclamation 9645|the policy's third revision]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence IN ANY WAY without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 23. --> He enacted [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|a tax-cut package]] for individuals and businesses, rescinding the [[individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]]. He appointed [[Neil Gorsuch]] and [[Brett Kavanaugh]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an [[America First (policy)|America First]] agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] trade negotiations, the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change, and the [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Iran nuclear deal]], eventually [[2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis|increasing tensions]] with the country. He [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]], [[Trump tariffs|imposed import tariffs]] triggering [[China–United States trade war|a trade war with China]], and attempted [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|negotiations with North Korea]] toward their [[denuclearization]].
A [[Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|special counsel investigation]] led by [[Robert Mueller]] [[Mueller Report|found]] that Trump and [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|his campaign]] welcomed and encouraged [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian foreign interference]] in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|criminal conspiracy]] or coordination{{efn|name=coordination|"In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]'{{snd}}a term that appears in the appointment order{{snd}}with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement{{snd}}tacit or express{{snd}}between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." [https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report], vol. I, p. 2}} with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for [[obstruction of justice]], and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that score.
A [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|2019 House impeachment inquiry]] found that Trump solicited [[Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections|foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election]] from [[Trump–Ukraine scandal|Ukraine]] to help his [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|re-election bid]], and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The inquiry reported that he withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to publicly announce investigations into his political rivals. [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|Trump was impeached]] by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] on December 18, 2019, for [[abuse of power]] and [[obstruction of Congress]]. He is the third{{efn|name=third|[[Bill Clinton]] was impeached in 1998, and [[Andrew Johnson]] was impeached in 1868. [[Richard Nixon]] resigned from office before a vote on his impeachment articles could be held by the House of Representatives.<ref>{{Cite news|title=House Formally Concludes Inquiry Into Impeachment |last=Rosenbaum |first=David E. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 21, 1974 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/21/archives/house-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html |accessdate=December 19, 2019}}</ref>}} impeached U.S. president in history.
{{TOC limit|3}}
== Family and personal life ==
=== Early life and education ===
[[File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder|1964 yearbook photo]]
Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at the Jamaica Hospital in the borough of [[Queens]], New York City.<ref name="Birth Certificate">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |title=Certificate of Birth |publisher=Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics |via=[[ABC News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |archivedate=May 12, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Birth Certificate 2">{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |title=Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump |publisher=The Jamaica Hospital |via=[[Fox News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |archivedate=April 9, 2011 |url-status=live |accessdate=October 23, 2018}}</ref> His father was [[Frederick Christ Trump]], a Bronx-born real estate developer, whose own parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife and socialite [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/26/nyregion/fred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html |title=Fred C. Trump, Postwar Master Builder of Housing for Middle Class, Dies at 93 |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |date=June 26, 1999 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> Trump grew up in the [[Jamaica Estates, Queens|Jamaica Estates]] neighborhood of Queens, and attended the [[Kew-Forest School]] from kindergarten through seventh grade.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 32]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html |title=Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}</ref> At age 13, he was enrolled in the [[New York Military Academy]], a private boarding school.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 38]}}
In 1964, Trump enrolled at [[Fordham University]].{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 45]}}<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Viser |title=Even in college, Donald Trump was brash |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Two years later he transferred to the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 />{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241 241]}} While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer |title=The real reason Donald Trump is so rich |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 3, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |url-access=limited}}</ref> graduating in May 1968 with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in economics.<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate |date=Spring 2007 |website=[[The Wharton School]] |url=https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |pages=19–21 |title=Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] |date=May 20, 1968 |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf}}</ref> Profiles of Trump published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton. However, he had never made the school's honor roll.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 20, 2018 |first=Avi |last=Selk |title=It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/}}</ref> In 2015 Trump's lawyer [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ashford |first1=Grace |title=Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Frazin |first1=Rachel |title=Cohen: Trump directed me to threaten schools not to release grades, SAT scores |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/431810-cohen-trump-directed-me-to-threaten-high-school-colleges-not-to |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref>
While in college, Trump obtained four student [[Conscription in the United States|draft]] deferments.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html |title=How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam |last=Lee |first=Kurtis |date=August 4, 2016 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=August 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="defer">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show |title=Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show |date=April 29, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]] |first=Brian |last=Montopoli |accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html |title=Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] |access-date=September 23, 2019}} – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</ref> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified {{nowrap|1-Y}} (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<ref name="Whitlock21July">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html |title=Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War |last=Whitlock |first=Craig |authorlink=Craig Whitlock |date=July 21, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 2, 2017|url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump said in 2015 that the medical deferment was due to a [[bone spur]] in a foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted; his presidential campaign stated that the spurs were in both heels, a minor issue expected to be temporary.<ref name="Whitlock21July"/> In 1972, he was reclassified {{nowrap|4-F}}, which permanently disqualified him from service.<ref name="SE">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Philipps |first2=Dave |author2link=David Philipps |date=August 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 2, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="emery">{{cite news |last=Emery |first=David |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/ |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments |website=[[Snopes.com]] |date=August 2, 2016 |accessdate=October 16, 2018}}</ref>
=== Family ===
{{Main|Family of Donald Trump}}
{{Further|Trump family}}
Trump's father, Fred, was born in 1905 in [[the Bronx]]. He started working with his mother in real estate when he was 15. Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<ref name="Blair1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120 |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9 |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|location=New York City|date=December 4, 2001 |page=120}}</ref> was active in the [[Boroughs of New York City|New York boroughs]] of [[Queens]] and [[Brooklyn]], building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<ref name=dad>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> In spite of his [[German Americans|German ancestry]], Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the [[anti-German sentiment]] sparked by World War II;{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=159}}<ref name="CNN Swedish">{{cite news |title=Trump's family denied German heritage for years |first=Jennifer |last=Hansler |date=November 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html}}</ref> Trump repeated this claim until the 1990s.<ref name="CNN Swedish" /><ref>{{cite news |title=For Donald Trump's Family, an Immigrant's Tale With 2 Beginnings |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |date=August 21, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/politics/for-donald-trumps-family-an-immigrants-tale-with-2-beginnings.html}}</ref> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<ref name=Pilon>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother |first=Mary |last=Pilon |authorlink=Mary Pilon |date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<ref name=Pilon/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps |first=Sally |last=McGrane |date=April 29, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump grew up with three elder siblings{{snd}}[[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Fred Jr., and Elizabeth{{snd}}and younger brother Robert.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=April 11, 2019 |first=Ashley |last=Collman |title=Meet Donald Trump's siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge |accessdate=November 2, 2019 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10}}</ref>
[[File:Trump Family Hand Up.jpg|thumb|[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump is sworn in]] as president by Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] on January 20, 2017: Trump, his wife [[Melania Trump|Melania]], and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Barron Trump|Barron]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], [[Eric Trump|Eric]], and [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]].]]
In 1977, Trump married [[Czechs|Czech]] model [[Ivana Zelníčková]].{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=300}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/07/donald-ivana-trump-divorce-prenup-marie-brenner |title=After The Gold Rush |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |first=Marie |last=Brenner |authorlink=Marie Brenner |date=September 1990 |accessdate=January 10, 2016}}</ref> They have three children, [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]] (born 1977), [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] (born 1981), and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child |title=Lara and Eric Trump welcome second child |work=[[NBC Montana]] |date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Lewiston Journal]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=Google News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442 |title=Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen |date=May 27, 1988 |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress [[Marla Maples]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children |title=Ivana Trump to write memoir about raising US president's children |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Maples and Trump married in 1993<ref>{{cite news |url=https://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man |title=The Donald Bids Hearts For Marla Trump Wedding Draws 1,100 Friends, But Not Many Stars |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=August 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115146/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man |archive-date=December 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Capuzzo |first=Mike |title=Marla Finally Becomes Mrs. Trump It Was 'Paparazzi' Aplenty And Glitz Galore As The Couple Pledged Their Troth. |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=June 20, 2019 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archivedate=January 19, 2016}}</ref> and had one daughter, [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] (born 1993).<ref name=Slate07202016>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=Ruth |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father |url=https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> They were divorced in 1999,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html |title=Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Sheila Cosgrove |last=Baylis |date=August 7, 2013 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<ref name=NYT-20161002>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html |title=The Other Trump |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Alessandra |last=Stanley |authorlink=Alessandra Stanley |date=October 1, 2016 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2005, Trump married [[Slovenia]]n model [[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]].<ref name=Post52208>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html |title=Donald Trump, Settling Down |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Tina |last=Brown |authorlink=Tina Brown |date=January 27, 2005 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> They have one son, [[Barron Trump|Barron]] (born 2006).<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/ |accessdate=March 10, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318 |title=What is the Einstein visa? And how did Melania Trump get one? |date=March 2, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |website=BBC}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
Trump is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie |last=Glueck |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-religious-dealmaking-dividends-232277 |title=Trump's religious dealmaking pays dividends |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=December 7, 2016 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |quote=Trump is a Presbyterian, and speculation is already underway over whether, and where, he might go to church regularly in Washington.}}</ref> As a child, he attended the [[First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica|First Presbyterian Church]] in Jamaica, Queens, where he had his [[confirmation]].<ref name="BarronNYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html |title=Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron (journalist) |date=September 5, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> In the 1970s, his parents joined the [[Marble Collegiate Church]] in Manhattan,<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17">{{cite news |last=Schwartzman |first=Paul |title=How Trump got religion – and why his legendary minister's son now rejects him |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> part of the [[Reformed Church in America|Reformed Church]].<ref name="Christian Post 20150828">{{cite news |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/marble-collegiate-church-says-donald-trump-is-not-an-active-member-143991/ |title=Marble Collegiate Church Says Donald Trump Is Not an Active Member |work=[[The Christian Post]] |first=Leonardo |last=Blair |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> The pastor at Marble, [[Norman Vincent Peale]],<ref name="BarronNYT"/> ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81]}}<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17" />
Trump says he is "not sure" whether he ever asked God for forgiveness: "If I do something wrong, I just try and make it right. I don't bring God into that picture." He tries to take [[Holy Communion]] as often as possible because it makes him "feel cleansed".<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/18/politics/trump-has-never-sought-forgiveness/ |title=Trump believes in God, but hasn't sought forgiveness |first=Eugene |last=Scott |date=July 19, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> While campaigning, Trump referred to ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' as his second favorite book saying, "Nothing beats the [[Bible]]."<ref name=Weigel11Aug>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/ |title=In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak' |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=August 22, 2015 |first=David |last=Weigel |authorlink=David Weigel}}</ref>
In 2015, Trump's campaign released a list of religious advisers, including [[James Dobson]], [[Jerry Falwell Jr.]], [[Ralph Reed]], [[Michele Bachmann]], and [[Robert Jeffress]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board |title=Trump campaign announces evangelical executive advisory board |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=January 17, 2017 |website=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118140319/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board |archivedate=January 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2016/june-web-only/whos-who-of-trumps-tremendous-faith-advisors.html |date=June 22, 2016 |first1=Kate |last1=Shellnutt |first2=Sarah Eekhoff |last2=Zylstra |title=Who's Who of Trump's 'Tremendous' Faith Advisers |work=[[Christianity Today]] |accessdate=May 10, 2018}}</ref>
In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, controversial televangelist [[Paula White]], to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/politics/trump-religion-gospel/ |title=The guilt-free gospel of Donald Trump |first=Daniel |last=Burke |website=[[CNN]] |date=October 24, 2016 |accessdate=January 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy |title=Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html |accessdate=12 January 2020 |date=November 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html}}</ref>
=== Health and lifestyle ===
Trump [[teetotalism|abstains from alcohol]], a reaction to his older brother Fred Trump Jr.'s [[alcoholism]] and early death,<ref name="nytimesalc">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> and says he has never smoked cigarettes or [[cannabis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |accessdate=September 4, 2016 |work=Watters' World |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |quote=Watters: "Have you ever smoked weed?" Trump: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you one hundred percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."}}</ref> He likes [[fast food]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Ashley |authorlink=Ashley Parker |title=Donald Trump's Diet: He'll Have Fries With That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump is the poster child of sleep deprivation: Arianna Huffington |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017 |first1=Sam |last1=Meredith |first2=Tania |last2=Bryer |author2link=Tania Bryer}}</ref> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise",<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=1018068353305411584 |title=I have arrived in Scotland and will be at Trump Turnberry for two days of meetings, calls and hopefully, some golf – my primary form of exercise! The weather is beautiful, and this place is incredible! Tomorrow I go to Helsinki for a Monday meeting with Vladimir Putin. |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> although he usually does not walk the course.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/ |title=Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry |work=Golf News Net |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fitness/exclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B |title=Exercise? I get more than people think, Trump says |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=Jeff |last1=Mason |first2=Steve |last2=Holland |date=January 18, 2018 |quote=He gets exercise by playing golf, he said, even though he typically rides around the course in a golf cart.}}</ref> He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html |title=Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |date=February 7, 2019 |quote=Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |title=Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 12, 2017 |quote=Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he "believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted".}}</ref>
In December 2015, [[Harold Bornstein]], who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f |title=Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report |last=Herreria |first=Carla |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump himself had dictated the contents of the letter,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence III |last2=Crook |title=Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref> and that Trump's representatives had taken away his medical records in February 2017.<ref name="Schechter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files |last=Schecter |first=Anna |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=June 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501223104/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |title=Trump's ex-personal doctor claims his office was "raided" for Trump's records |date=May 1, 2018 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trumps-personal-doctor-claims-his-office-was-raided-for-trumps-records/ |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>
In January 2018, White House physician [[Ronny Jackson]] said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's first full presidential physical exam, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |first1=Eliza |last1=Barclay |first2=Julia |last2=Belluz |author2link=Julia Belluz |date=January 16, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref> although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended.<ref name=time-20180117>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |first=Jamie |last=Ducharme |title=The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2018}}</ref> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 [[Low-density lipoprotein|LDL cholesterol]] level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<ref name=nyt-20180117>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Gina |last2=Kolata |author2link=Gina Kolata |title=Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician [[Sean Conley]] said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically [[obese]].<ref name="obese">{{cite news |last1=Howard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |title=Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=February 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> His 2019 [[coronary CT calcium scan]] score indicates he suffers from [[coronary artery disease]], which is common for white men at his age.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjay |title=President Trump has common form of heart disease |date=February 1, 2018 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019}}</ref>
=== Wealth ===
{{Main|Wealth of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Tax returns of Donald Trump}}
In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial ''[[Forbes]]'' list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<ref name=OBrien2005Oct>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html |title=What's He Really Worth? |first=Timothy L. |last=O'Brien |authorlink=Timothy L. O'Brien |accessdate=February 25, 2016 |date=October 23, 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In its 2019 [[billionaire]]s ranking, ''Forbes'' estimated Trump's net worth at $3.1 billion<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth|This estimate is by ''Forbes'' in their annual ranking. [[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]] listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<ref name="BBI">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index–Donald Trump |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/ |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<ref name="WX">{{cite web |title=Donald John Trump–Wealth-X Dossier |url=https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/ |website=Wealth-X |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archivedate=April 18, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/}}</ref>}} (715th in the world, 259th in the U.S.)<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires |title=#715 Donald Trump |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |accessdate=March 5, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the [[List of richest American politicians|richest politicians in American history]] and the first billionaire American president.<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires"/> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10 |title=Trump has fallen 138 spots on Forbes' wealthiest-Americans list, his net worth down over $1 billion, since he announced his presidential bid in 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 3, 2018 |first=John |last=Walsh |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the [[Federal Elections Commission]] (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<ref name="financial-pr">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf |title=Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission |first1=Corey R. |last1=Lewandowski |author1link=Corey Lewandowski |first2=Hope |last2=Hicks |author2link=Hope Hicks |date=July 15, 2015 |accessdate=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309043101/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_%281%29.pdf}}</ref> however FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC"/> Trump stated in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Robert Jr. |last2=O'Harrow |title=Trump: A True Story |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/}}</ref>
[[File:Ivana Trump shakes hands with Fahd of Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|Trump with King [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia]], U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]], and his first wife [[Ivana Trump]] in 1985]]
Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using a pseudonym "[[Pseudonyms of Donald Trump|John Barron]]", called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the [[Forbes 400]] list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that ''Forbes'' had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 20, 2018 |first=Jonathan |last=Greenberg |title=Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html}}</ref>
Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<ref name="small-loan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html |title=Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started |website=[[CNBC]] |first=Scott |last=Stump |date=October 26, 2015 |accessdate=November 13, 2016}}</ref> In October 2018, ''The New York Times'' reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<ref name="takeaways">{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html |title=11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation Into Trump's Wealth |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tax_Schemes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html |title=Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 2, 2018}}</ref> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[USA Today]] |first1=Jon |last1=Campbell |first2=Joseph |last2=Spector |title=New York could levy hefty penalties if Trump tax fraud is proven |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |accessdate=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="AP2018-12-16"/> Analyses by ''[[The Economist]]'' and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<ref name="econ_From">{{cite news |title=From the Tower to the White House |work=[[The Economist]] |date=February 20, 2016 |accessdate=February 29, 2016 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white |quote=Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |title=The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire |date=February 29, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/}}</ref> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html |title=Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit |first=Kevin |last=Breuninger |date=October 2, 2018 |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref>
Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. ''The New York Times'' reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991{{snd}}more than $250 million each year{{snd}}were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<ref name=Buettner-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Russ |last=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig}}</ref><ref name=Friedersdorf-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/ |title=The Secret That Was Hiding in Trump's Taxes |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Conor |last=Friedersdorf |authorlink=Conor Friedersdorf}}</ref>
== Business career ==
{{Main|Business career of Donald Trump}}
{{Further|Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia}}
=== Real estate ===
[[File:Trump Tower - lower part.jpg|thumb|upright|Distinctive façade of [[Trump Tower]], headquarters of the Trump Organization, in [[Midtown Manhattan]]]]
Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=46}}<ref name=Mahler /> He assisted his father in the attempted turnaround of the troubled Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio, which the elder Trump had bought at foreclosure in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |last=Korte |first=Gregory |url=https://www.enquirer.com/editions/2002/09/01/loc_complex_was_troubled.html |title=Complex was troubled from beginning |newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |date=September 1, 2002 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="mk">{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Meg |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/02/28/the-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success/ |title=The tall tale of President Trump's Cincinnati 'success' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2018 |accessdate=May 19, 2018}}</ref> In 1971, when his father promoted him to president of the family company, he renamed it [[The Trump Organization]].{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 250]}}<ref name="mk" />
==== Manhattan developments ====
Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict [[Grand Hyatt New York|Commodore Hotel]], adjacent to [[Grand Central Terminal]]. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<ref>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Rich |authorlink=Frank Rich |title=The Original Donald Trump |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=April 29, 2018 |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<ref name="Kessler160303">{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father |date=March 3, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel,{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=32–35}} and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop [[Trump Tower]], a [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |date=April 8, 1984 |first=William |last=Geist |authorlink=Bill Geist |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html}}</ref><ref name="wdc150915">{{cite news |last=Dohan |first=William C. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/business/dealbook/decades-old-questions-over-trumps-wealth-and-education.html |title=Decades-Old Questions Over Trump's Wealth and Education |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 28, 2015 |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}</ref> That building was formerly Trump's primary residence and now houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization.<ref name="TrumpTowerResidence">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/us/politics/new-york-primary.html |title=With the New York Presidential Primary, the Circus Is Coming Home |first1=Matt |last1=Flegenheimer |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="TrumpTowerResidence1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html |title=Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back. |first=Alexander |last=Burns |authorlink=Alex Burns (journalist) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 9, 2016 |accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>
In 1988, Trump acquired the [[Plaza Hotel]] in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plaza Hotel bankruptcy plan approved |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<ref name="NYT-19950412">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html |title=Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=David |last1=Stout |author1link=David Stout |first2=Kenneth |last2=Gilpin |date=April 12, 1995 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Satow |first=Julie |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss |title=That Time Trump Sold the Plaza Hotel at an $83 Million Loss |website=Bloomberg |date=May 23, 2019 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at [[40 Wall Street]]. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=81–82}} In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a {{convert|70|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract in the [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] neighborhood near the [[Hudson River]]. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, [[Riverside South, Manhattan|Riverside South]]. Trump temporarily retained a partial stake in an adjacent site along with other investors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 billion |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 1, 2005 |accessdate=May 17, 2016}}</ref>
==== Palm Beach estate ====
{{Main|Mar-a-Lago}}
[[File:Mar-a-lago in 2009.jpg|thumb|Mar-a-Lago in 2009]]
In 1985, Trump acquired the [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate in [[Palm Beach, Florida]].<ref name="CP-W">{{cite news |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc |title=Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 23, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="APNews_3-29-1988">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d |title=Trump Fights Property Taxes |website=[[AP News]] |date=March 29, 1988 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="town&countryprice">{{cite web |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/ |title=A History of Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump's American Castle |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |date=December 22, 2017 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 161]}} The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<ref name="samD10-9-17">{{cite web |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/ |title=Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=October 9, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html |title=Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/trump-residence-documents.html |title=See the Paperwork: Trump Changes Residence to Florida |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref>
==== Atlantic City casinos ====
In 1984, Trump opened [[Harrah's at Trump Plaza]] hotel and casino in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] with financing from the [[Holiday Corporation]], who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=57–58}} Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 128]}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Stake in Holiday |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/05/business/company-news-trump-stake-in-holiday.html |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 5, 1986}}</ref><ref name="crudele">{{cite news |last=Crudele |first=John |authorlink=John Crudele |title=Holiday Corp. Plans Restructuring |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/13/business/holiday-corp-plans-restructuring.html |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1986}}</ref> Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton Corporation]] for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called [[Golden Nugget Atlantic City|Trump Castle]]. Trump's then-wife [[Ivana Trump|Ivana]] managed it until 1988.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=59–60}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 137]}}
[[File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg|thumb|alt=The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India.|Entrance of the [[Trump Taj Mahal]] in [[Atlantic City]]]]
Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the [[Taj Mahal casino|Taj Mahal]], in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump–Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet |last=Cuff |first=Daniel |date=December 18, 1988 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/27/business/seven-acquisitive-executives-who-made-business-1988-donald-trump-trump.html |accessdate=May 27, 2011 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> It was financed with $675 million in [[junk bonds]] and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html |title=Trump's Taj – Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite |date=April 8, 1990 |last=Glynn |first=Lenny |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name=UPI9April>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/ |title=Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal |website=[[United Press International]] |date=April 9, 1991 |accessdate=March 21, 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 135]}} The project went bankrupt the following year,<ref name=abc>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-filed-bankruptcy-times/story?id=13419250 |first=Amy |last=Bingham |title=Donald Trump's Companies Filed for Bankruptcy 4 Times |website=[[ABC News]] |date=April 21, 2011 |accessdate=February 20, 2015}}</ref> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html |title=Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |date=October 5, 1991}}</ref> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, [[Trump Shuttle]], and sold his {{convert|282|ft|m|adj=mid}} mega yacht, the ''[[Trump Princess]]'', which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<ref name=Hylton>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html |title=Trump Is Reportedly Selling Yacht |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 11, 1990 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Hylton |first=Richard}}</ref><ref name=Schneider19May>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122177,00.html |title=The Donald Ducks Out |date=May 19, 1997 |accessdate=September 10, 2015 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Karen S. |last=Schneider}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132–133]}}
In 1995, Trump founded [[Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts]] (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the [[Majestic Star II|Trump Casino]] in [[Gary, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Plaza casino stock trades today on Big Board |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Floyd |last=Norris |authorlink=Floyd Norris |date=June 7, 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<ref name=McQuade16Aug>{{cite news |url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ |title=The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire |work=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 21, 2016 |first=Dan |last=McQuade}}</ref> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/ |title=How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure |last=Tully |first=Shawn |date=March 10, 2016 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |accessdate=May 6, 2018}}</ref>
==== Golf courses ====
{{Main|Donald Trump and golf}}
[[File:Trump Turnberry Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 5273443.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof.|[[Turnberry Hotel]] and golf course in [[Ayrshire]], Scotland]]
{{As of|December 2016}}, the Trump Organization owns or operates 18 golf course and golf resorts in the United States and abroad.<ref name=CNNMoney>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Ahiza |title=Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html |accessdate=January 21, 2018 |website=[[CNN Money]] |date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million,<ref name="Financial 2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/graphics/politics/trump-archive/docs/trump-fec-financial-disclosure-2015.pdf |title=Donald Trump Personal Financial Disclosure Form 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="cnn-20160519">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/ |title=A peek at Donald Trump's finances |first1=Cristina |last1=Alesci |author1link=Cristina Alesci |first2=Laurie |last2=Frankel |first3=Jeanne |last3=Sahadi |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> while his three European golf courses did not show a profit.<ref name=Melby19July>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-07-19/trump-is-richer-in-property-and-deeper-in-debt-in-new-valuation |title=Trump Is Richer in Property and Deeper in Debt in New Valuation |date=July 19, 2016 |first=Caleb |last=Melby |quote=In the year that Donald Trump was transformed ... into the presumptive Republican nominee, the value of his golf courses and his namesake Manhattan tower soared ... His net worth rose to $3 billion on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index ...}}</ref>
Trump began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999; his first property was the [[Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)|Trump International Golf Club, West Palm Beach]] in [[Florida]].<ref name=Golf2007>{{cite magazine |first=Gregory|last=Heisler|title=Donald Trump: King of Clubs |url=https://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/donald-trump-king-clubs |magazine=[[Golf Magazine|Golf]] |publisher=[[Howard Milstein]]|location=New York City|date=February 21, 2007 |accessdate=August 5, 2018}}</ref> By 2007, he owned four courses around the U.S.<ref name=Golf2007 /> Following the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], he began purchasing existing golf courses and re-designing them.<ref name=USAToday>{{cite news |last=DiMeglio |first=Steve |title=Donald Trump brings new life to world of golf |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2015/03/03/donald-trump-national-doral-miami-wgc/24322605/ |date=March 3, 2015 |accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref> His use of these courses during his presidency was controversial. Despite frequently criticizing his predecessor [[Barack Obama]] for his numerous golf outings, Trump golfed eleven times during his first eight weeks in office.<ref name=GolfDigest2017>{{cite web |last=Beall |first=Joel |title=President Trump appears to still really like golf, makes 11th trip to course in eight weeks in office |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/president-trump-appears-to-still-really-like-golf-makes-11th-trip-to-course-in-eight-weeks-as-president |accessdate=July 21, 2018 |date=March 20, 2017}}</ref> He visited one of his golf resorts on 187 of his first 848 days in office, 22 percent of the time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/how-much-time-trump-spends-trump-properties-mar-lago-n753366 |title=Tracking President Trump's visits to Trump properties |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Liz |last=Johnstone |date=December 29, 2017}}</ref>
=== Branding and licensing ===
{{See also|List of things named after Donald Trump}}
[[File:Chicago September 2016-2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] in Chicago]]
After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies.<ref name="NYer Branding">{{cite web |last1=Cassidy |first1=John |title=Donald Trump's Business Failures Were Very Real |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |date=May 10, 2019|accessdate=November 9, 2019 |ref=May 20, 2019}}</ref> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (disambiguation)|hotel towers]] owned by various developers around the world. These included projects in [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Chicago]], [[Trump International Hotel Las Vegas|Las Vegas]], [[Old Post Office Pavilion|Washington D.C.]], [[Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower|Panama City]], [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)|Toronto]], and [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)|Vancouver]]. There are also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)|Honolulu]], [[Trump Towers Istanbul|Istanbul]], Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<ref name="Forbes-20170320">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/ |title=From Manila to Hawaii, Meet The Licensing Partners Who Paid Trump The Most |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Jennifer |last=Wang |date=March 20, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref>
The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including the short-lived Cadillac Trump Series,{{dubious|date=November 2019}}<ref name="opulent">{{cite news |author=Autoweek Staff|title=When Donald Trump and Cadillac joined forces to build the 'most opulent' limo ever |url=https://autoweek.com/article/wait-theres-more/when-donald-trump-and-cadillac-joined-forces-build-most-opulent-limo-ever |work=[[Autoweek]] |date=January 13, 2017|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="golden_series">{{cite news |last1=Ehrenfreund |first1=Max |last2=Tankersley |first2=Jim |title=Donald Trump has a favorite carmaker, and that might be a problem |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/12/22/donald-trump-has-a-favorite-carmaker-and-that-might-be-a-problem/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 22, 2016|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<ref name="overseas">{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michelle Ye Hee |title=How many Trump products were made overseas? Here's the complete list. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="neckties">{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 13, 2018 |first1=Zane |last1=Anthony |first2=Kathryn |last2=Sanders |first3=David A. |last3=Fahrenthold |author3link=David Fahrenthold |title=Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html}}</ref> According to an analysis by ''The Washington Post'', there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Aaron |last1=Williams |first2=Anu |last2=Narayanswamy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/ |title=How Trump has made millions by selling his name |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 25, 2017 |accessdate=December 12, 2017}}</ref> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<ref name="neckties"/>
=== Lawsuits and bankruptcies ===
{{Main|Legal affairs of Donald Trump|List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump}}
{{As of|April 2018}}, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits |url=https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/ |accessdate=April 17, 2018 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> {{as of|2016}}, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450. With Trump or his company as plaintiff, more than half the cases have been against gamblers at his [[casino]]s who had failed to pay off their debts. With Trump or his company as a defendant, the most common type of case involved personal injury cases at his hotels. In cases where there was a clear resolution, Trump's side won 451 times and lost 38.<ref name="USATodayAnalysis">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/ |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=June 2, 2016 |first1=Nick |last1=Penzenstadler |first2=Susan |last2=Page |author2link=Susan Page |quote=About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/282008-trump-brags-about-winning-record-in-lawsuits |title=Trump brags about winning record in lawsuits |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=June 2, 2016 |last=Savransky |first=Rebecca}}</ref>
Trump has never filed for [[personal bankruptcy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/27/business/banks-approve-loans-for-trump-but-take-control-of-his-finances.html |title=Banks Approve Loans for Trump, But Take Control of His Finances |first=Richard D. |last=Hylton |accessdate=October 13, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 27, 1990}}</ref> His hotel and casino businesses have been declared bankrupt six times between 1991 and 2009 in order to re-negotiate debt with banks and owners of stock and bonds.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/donald-trump-companies-bankruptcy-atlantic-city |title=4 Times Donald Trump's Companies Declared Bankruptcy |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=June 29, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Bryan |last=Hood}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-questioned-his-bankruptcies-279717 |first=Hao |last=Li |title=Donald Trump Questioned on His Bankruptcies |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=April 12, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref> Because the businesses used [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]], they were allowed to operate while negotiations proceeded. Trump was quoted by ''Newsweek'' in 2011 saying, "I do play with the bankruptcy laws{{snd}}they're very good for me" as a tool for trimming debt.<ref name=publicintegrity1>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Peter |title=Donald Trump's lawsuits could turn off conservatives who embrace tort reform |url=https://www.publicintegrity.org/2011/05/05/4478/donald-trumps-lawsuits-could-turn-conservatives-who-embrace-tort-reform |accessdate=March 14, 2016 |work=[[Center for Public Integrity]] |date=May 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kurtz |first=Howard |authorlink=Howard Kurtz |title=Kurtz: The Trump Backlash |url=https://www.newsweek.com/kurtz-trump-backlash-66503 |accessdate=March 14, 2016 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 24, 2011}}</ref> The six bankruptcies were the result of over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York: [[Trump Taj Mahal]] (1991), [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino]] (1992), [[Plaza Hotel]] (1992), [[Trump Castle Hotel and Casino]] (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and [[Trump Entertainment Resorts]] (2009).<ref name=six>{{cite news |last=Winter |first=Tom |title=Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 24, 2016|accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="forbes-bankruptcy">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref>
During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<ref name="ArtOfTheSpin">{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP}}</ref> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with a notable exception of [[Deutsche Bank]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 8, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith |title=Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12}}</ref>
In April 2019, the [[House Oversight Committee]] issued [[subpoena]]s seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and [[Capital One]], and his accounting firm, [[Mazars USA]]. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman [[Elijah Cummings]] to prevent the disclosures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump sues Deutsche Bank and Capital One over Democrat subpoenas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647 |work=BBC News |date=April 30, 2019 |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 22, 2019 |last1=Fahrenthold |first1=David |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Wagner |first3=John |title=Trump sues in bid to block congressional subpoena of financial records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref> In May, [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|DC District Court]] judge [[Amit Mehta]] ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html |title=Accountants Must Turn Over Trump's Financial Records, Lower-Court Judge Rules |first=Charlie |last=Savage |authorlink=Charlie Savage |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and judge [[Edgardo Ramos]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District Court of New York]] ruled that the banks must also comply.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 22, 2019 |first1=Renae |last1=Merle |first2=Michael |last2=Kranish |author2link=Michael Kranish |first3=Felicia |last3=Sonmez}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html |title=Deutsche Bank Can Release Trump Records to Congress, Judge Rules |first=Emily |last=Flitter |date=May 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543 |title=Trump's appeal to keep finances away from Democrats goes to court headed by Merrick Garland |date=May 21, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |first=Alexandra |last=Hutzler}}</ref> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Lawfare (blog)|Lawfare]] |date=June 10, 2019 |first=Mikhaila |last=Vogel |title=Trump Legal Team Files Brief in Mazars Appeal |accessdate=June 12, 2019 |url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2019 |first=Renae |last=Merle |title=House subpoenas for Trump's bank records put on hold while President appeals |accessdate=May 28, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/}}</ref>
=== Side ventures ===
After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 |title=Five take-aways from Donald Trump's financial disclosure |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Anthony |last=Zurcher}}</ref><ref name="jk-8-7-15"/>
In September 1983, Trump purchased the [[New Jersey Generals]]{{snd}}an American football team that played in the [[United States Football League]]. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the [[NFL]] for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust lawsuit against the organization.<ref name=Markazi>{{cite news |first=Arash |last=Markazi |authorlink=Arash Markazi |title=5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL |date=July 14, 2015 |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience}}</ref><ref name=Morris>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/ |title=Donald Trump Fought the NFL Once Before. He Got Crushed |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |last=Morris |first=David}}</ref>
Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the [[Boardwalk Hall|Atlantic City Convention Hall]] adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including [[Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks|Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight]] against [[Michael Spinks]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html |title=Trump Gets Tyson Fight |accessdate=February 11, 2011 |date=February 25, 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=137}} In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the [[Tour de Trump]] cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [[Tour de France]] or the [[Giro d'Italia]].<ref name=Hogan>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801 |title=The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza |first=Kevin |last=Hogan |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 10, 2016 |accessdate=April 12, 2016}}</ref>
Trump purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies during the late 1980s, as Wall Street saw a wave of corporate acquisitions known as [[leveraged buyouts]]. In some cases, these acquisitions were [[Takeover#Hostile|hostile takeovers]] conducted by so-called [[corporate raider|corporate raiders]]. Some raiders purchased a stake in a public company with the stated but feigned intent of acquiring it, then pressured management to repurchase the stake at a profitable premium for the raider — a practice known as [[greenmail]]. Some observers believed Trump was engaged in such practices, though he denied it. Analysis conducted by ''The New York Times'' found that Trump made millions of dollars in these stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |first1=Russ |last1=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |date=May 8, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html |title=American Air Gets Trump Bid Of $7.5 Billion |first=Agis |last=Salpukas |date=October 6, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html |title=Trump Ends His Struggle to Gain Control of Bally |first=Donald |last=Janson |date=February 23, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
In 1988, Trump founded [[Trump Shuttle]], purchasing 21 planes and landing rights at three airports in New York City, Boston, and the Washington, D.C., area, from the defunct [[Eastern Air Lines]], costing $380 million financed from 22 banks. The airline offered charter services in addition to scheduled shuttle flights, and was eventually sold to [[USAir Group]] in 1992 after failing to operate at a profit.<ref name="plane_rumour">{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/ |title=Too good to check: Sean Hannity's tale of a Trump rescue |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 14, 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright|Trump's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], installed in 2007]]
From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part of or all the [[Miss Universe]] pageants, including [[Miss USA]] and [[Miss Teen USA]].<ref name="pageantsaleWME">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9 |title=Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization |date=September 14, 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=May 6, 2016}}</ref> Due to disagreements with [[CBS]] about scheduling, he took both pageants to [[NBC]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Jim |last=Rutenberg |authorlink=Jim Rutenberg |accessdate=August 14, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/ |title=There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Lisa |last=De Moraes |authorlink=Lisa de Moraes |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 2007, Trump received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<ref name="cz160129">{{cite news |last=Zara |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Zara |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think |title=Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |date=October 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref> In September 2015, Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization, and sold the entire company to the [[William Morris Endeavor|William Morris]] talent agency.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jethro|last=Nededog|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
==== Trump University ====
{{Main|Trump University}}
In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called [[Trump University]] that sold real estate training courses priced at between $1,500 and $35,000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gitell |first=Seth |date=March 8, 2016 |title=I Survived Trump University |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name=vf>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal |title=Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real Estate Students? |last=Cohan |first=William D. |authorlink=William D. Cohan |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=nyt511>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |authorlink=Michael Barbaro |title=New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School |date=May 19, 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html}}</ref> After New York State authorities twice notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute" in 2010.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016"/>
In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016">{{cite news |first=David |last=Halperin |title=NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/ny-court-refuses-to-dismi_b_9358360.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/ |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last=Lee |title=Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 27, 2016 |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}</ref> In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents of the company revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<ref name=twofront>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/ |title=Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university' |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Kevin |last=McCoy |date=August 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ronald_tu>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html |title=Former Trump University Workers Call the School a 'Lie' and a 'Scheme' in Testimony |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Barbaro |last2=Eder |first2=Steve |date=May 31, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents |title=Hard Sell: The Potential Political Consequences of the Trump University Documents |last=Montenaro |first=Domenico |date=June 1, 2016 |publisher=[[NPR]] |accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 30, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Judge Orders Documents Unsealed in Trump University Lawsuit |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hamburger |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Hamburger |title=Judge bashed by Trump orders release of company records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-orders-release-of-internal-trump-university-documents/2016/05/28/2e960e5e-24f9-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |accessdate=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to a settlement of all three pending cases and agreed to pay a total of $25 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html |title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016}}</ref> New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman called the settlement and payment "a stunning reversal by Donald Trump and a major victory for the over 6,000 victims of his fraudulent university".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 19, 2016 |first1=Brent |last1=Kendall |first2=Sara |last2=Randazzo |title=Trump University Fraud Cases Settled for $25 Million |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-is-in-advanced-talks-to-settle-trump-university-fraud-allegations-1479488654}}</ref> Trump denied any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/11/19/president-elect-hints-he-might-not-have-settled-if-he-werent-get-ready-for-his-inauguration/94123452/ |title=Trump tweets he settled $25M fraud case because he's too busy |last=Stanglin |first=Doug |date=November 19, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/donald-trump-nearing-settlement-trump-university-fraud-case-article-1.2878780 |title=Donald set to pay $25M in Trump University fraud case settlement |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |first1=Kenneth |last1=Lovett |first2=Nancy |last2=Dillon}}</ref>
=== Foundation ===
{{Main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}}
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref> established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-3404773 |title=Donald J Trump Foundation Inc – GuideStar Profile |website=[[GuideStar]] |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> The foundation's funds have mostly come from donors other than Trump, who has not given personally to the charity since 2008.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
The foundation's tax returns show that it has given to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref> In 2009, for example, the foundation gave $926,750 to about forty groups, with the biggest donations going to the [[Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children|Arnold Palmer Medical Center Foundation]] ($100,000), the [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital]] ($125,000), the [[Police Athletic League]] ($156,000), and the [[Clinton Foundation]] ($100,000).<ref name="SearchingforEvid">{{Cite news |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Danielle |last2=Rindler |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-charity-donations/ |title=Searching for evidence of Trump's personal giving |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Linda |title=Yes, Donald Trump has given to the Clinton Foundation |url=https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2016/aug/28/david-plouffe/yes-donald-trump-donated-100000-clinton-foundation/ |website=[[PolitiFact]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> From 2004 to 2014, the top donors to the foundation were Vince and Linda McMahon of [[WWE]], who donated $5 million to the foundation after Trump appeared at [[WrestleMania]] in 2007.<ref name="WaPoMissing" />
In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office notified the Trump Foundation that the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities, ordering it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob |quote=The Post had reported that the recipients of five charitable contributions listed by the Trump Foundation had no record of receiving those donations. But the newspaper updated its report after CNN questioned the accuracy of three of the five donations it had cited.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/09/14/donald-trump-foundation/ |title=Trump Foundation Falls Under Investigation By New York Attorney General |date=September 14, 2016 |last=Toh |first=Michelle |accessdate=September 27, 2016 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> A Trump spokesman called the Attorney General's investigation a "partisan hit job".<ref name="hit" /> In response to mounting complaints, Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Trump Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref> According to an IRS filing in November 2017, the foundation intended to shut down and distribute its assets (about $970,000) to other charities. However, the New York Attorney General's office had to complete their ongoing investigation before the foundation could legally shut down,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/donald-trump-shutting-down-his-charitable-foundation-n822636 |title=Donald Trump is shutting down his charitable foundation |date=November 20, 2017 |website=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=November 28, 2017 |first1=Ken |last1=Dilanian |first2=Rich |last2=Gardella |first3=Patrick |last3=Martin}}</ref> and in June 2018 they filed a civil suit against the foundation for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> The suit names Trump himself as well as his adult children Donald Jr., Eric, and Ivanka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2018, the foundation agreed to cease operation and disburse all its assets. Attorney General [[Barbara Underwood]], who oversaw the investigation and lawsuit, said the investigation uncovered a "shocking pattern of illegality".<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref><ref name=Fahrenthold-181219>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/a-shocking-pattern-of-illegality-trump-foundation-shuts-down-20181219-p50n2y.html |title=A shocking pattern of illegality': Trump Foundation shuts down |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=December 19, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=David |last=Fahrenthold}}</ref> Months later, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for "breaching his fiduciary duty to properly oversee the foundation that bears his name". The Foundation characterized the penalty as a "contribution", stating it was "pleased to donate an additional $2 million" to "worthy organizations". Trump acknowledged that a January 2016 fundraiser for veterans he organized had actually been a campaign event and the $2.8 million in raised funds were placed under the full control of his campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/07/nyregion/trump-charities-new-york.html |title=Trump Ordered to Pay $2 Million to Charities for Misuse of Foundation |first=Alan |last=Feuer |date=November 7, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref>
=== Conflicts of interest ===
[[File:Trump AVM opening ceremony.jpg|thumb|[[Tayyip Erdoğan]], then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of the [[Trump Towers Istanbul]] AVM in 2012.]]
Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a [[revocable trust]] run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<ref name="NPR012018">{{cite news |first=Marilyn |last=Geewax |title=Trump Has Revealed Assumptions About Handling Presidential Wealth, Businesses |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/20/576871315/trump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses |website=[[NPR]] |date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC041817">{{cite news |title=A list of Trump's potential conflicts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> According to ethics experts, as long as Trump continues to profit from his businesses, the measures taken by Trump do not help to avoid conflicts of interest.<ref name="Venook">{{cite news |last=Venook |first=Jeremy |title=Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies would affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend that Trump sell off his businesses.<ref name="BBC041817" /> While Trump said his organization would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name="Venook"/>
Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the [[Title of Nobility Clause|Emoluments Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<ref name="Venook" /><ref name="LaFraniere">{{cite news |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |title=Lawsuit on Trump Emoluments Violations Gains Traction in Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html |date=January 25, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<ref name="NPR012018" /> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<ref name="LaFraniere" /> According to ''The Guardian'', "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments{{snd}}including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines{{snd}}seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<ref>{{cite news |title=How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Peter |last=Stone}}</ref> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/21/donald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony/4055162002/ |title='Phony'. Donald Trump mocks 'emoluments' clause of U.S. Constitution that bans foreign gifts |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |last2=Collins |first2=Michael |last3=Jackson |first3=David |date=October 21, 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref>
In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the [[Economy of Saudi Arabia|Saudis]] and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump stands by Saudi prince despite journalist Khashoggi's murder |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 20, 2018}}</ref> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<ref>{{cite news |title=President Trump has a massive conflict of interest on Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/10/18/president-trump-has-massive-conflict-interest-saudi-arabia/ |work=The Washington Post |date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with [[Turkey]] and Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] because of his [[Trump Towers Istanbul]], saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job{{nbsp}}... It's called Trump Towers{{snd}}two towers instead of one{{nbsp}}... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip|last=Bump|title=Trump's decision on Syria crystallizes questions about his business – and his presidency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/07/trumps-decision-syria-crystallizes-questions-about-his-business-his-presidency/? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's longtime business connections in Turkey back in the spotlight |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/donald-trump-s-longtime-business-connections-turkey-back-spotlight-n1064011 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 9, 2019 |first1=Heidi |last1=Przybyla |first2=Anna |last2=Schecter}}</ref>
== Media career ==
=== Books ===
{{Main|Bibliography of Donald Trump}}
Trump's first book, ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' (1987), topped the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller list]] for 13 weeks, and remained on the list for 48 weeks.<ref name=janemayer /> According to ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon."<ref name=janemayer>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Jane |last=Mayer |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 18, 2016 |accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Co-author [[Tony Schwartz (author)|Tony Schwartz]] later said he did all the writing.<ref name=janemayer /> Two further memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997. Trump's writings then shifted to financial tips and political opinion.<ref name=lozada>{{cite news |first=Carlos |last=Lozada |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=I just binge-read eight books by Donald Trump. Here's what I learned. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2015/07/30/i-just-binge-read-eight-books-by-donald-trump-heres-what-i-learned/ |date=July 30, 2015 |accessdate=June 18, 2017}}</ref>
=== WWE ===
Trump has had a sporadic relationship with [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] since the late 1980s; in 1988 and 1989, [[WrestleMania IV]] and [[WrestleMania V|V]], which took place at the [[Atlantic City]] Convention Hall, were billed as taking place at the nearby [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino|Trump Plaza]].<ref name="myth">{{cite news |last=Lelinwalla |first=Mark |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/138117/20160304/donald-trumps-history-wwe.htm |title=Looking Back At Donald Trump's WWE Career |website=Tech Times |date=March 4, 2016|access-date=July 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=wwebio>{{cite web |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump bio |website=[[WWE]] |accessdate=March 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="chief_heel">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Chris |last2=Wetherbee |first2=Brandon |url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/12/donald-trump-learned-his-political-moves-from-wwe.html |title=Heel in Chief |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref> He headlined the record-breaking [[WrestleMania 23]] in 2007.<ref name="chief_heel"/> In 2013, he was inducted into the [[WWE Hall of Fame (2013)|WWE Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Graser |first=Marc |url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/donald-trump-enters-wwes-hall-of-fame-819010/ |title=Donald Trump Enters WWE's Hall of Fame |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref>
[[Vince McMahon]], the CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, and his wife [[Linda McMahon|Linda]]{{snd}}who later served under Trump as the [[Administrator of the Small Business Administration]]{{snd}}donated toward his endeavors, including a total of $5 million to the [[Trump Foundation]] after WWE performances in 2007 and 2009, and $6 million to his presidential campaign in 2016.<ref name="chief_heel" />
=== ''The Apprentice'' ===
{{main|The Apprentice (American TV series)}}
In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of ''The Apprentice'', a [[reality show]] in which contestants competed for a one-year management job with the Trump Organization, and Trump weeded out applicants with the [[catchphrase]] "You're fired".<ref name="jk-8-7-15">{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Koffler |title=Donald Trump's 16 Biggest Business Failures and Successes |date=August 7, 2015 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://time.com/3988970/donald-trump-business/}}</ref><ref name="born_7-17-16">{{cite news |last1=Grynbaum |first1=Michael M. |last2=Parker |first2=Ashley |author2link=Ashley Parker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html |title=Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2016 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title=On TV, Trump loved to say 'You're fired.' In real life, he leaves the dirty work to others. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/on-tv-trump-loved-to-say-youre-fired-in-real-life-he-leaves-the-dirty-work-to-others/2018/03/14/0e85d25e-27a7-11e8-b79d-f3d931db7f68_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> He later co-hosted ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice]]'', in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<ref name="jk-8-7-15" /><ref name="born_7-17-16" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Nussbaum |first=Emily |authorlink=Emily Nussbaum |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/07/31/the-tv-that-created-donald-trump |title=The TV That Created Donald Trump |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=July 31, 2017 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> In February 2015, Trump said he was not ready to sign on for another season of the show because he considered running for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20150227/NEWS0605/150229334/1010/Art |work=[[New Hampshire Union Leader]] |title=Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run |first=Paul |last=Feely |date=February 27, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710152015/http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20150227%2FNEWS0605%2F150229334%2F1010%2FArt |archive-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> Despite this, NBC planned a fifteenth season,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2015/03/nbc-still-planning-for-apprentice-despite-donald-trumps-204171.html |work=[[Politico]] |title=NBC still planning for 'Apprentice', despite Donald Trump's presidential claims |first=Dylan |last=Byers |authorlink=Dylan Byers |date=March 18, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> but in June distanced itself from Trump, citing "derogatory statements regarding immigrants" in his campaign announcement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/ |title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref>
=== Acting ===
{{Main|Donald Trump filmography}}
Trump has made [[cameo appearances]] in twelve films and 14 television series<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite news |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockett |first=Dee |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/06/donald-trump-was-in-the-little-rascals.html |title=Yes, Donald Trump Did Actually Play a Spoiled Rich Kid's Dad in The Little Rascals |work=Vulture |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> and performed a song as a [[Green Acres]] character with [[Megan Mullally]] at the [[57th Primetime Emmy Awards]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanley |first=Patrick |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Emmys Flashback: When Trump Sang the 'Green Acres' Theme in Overalls |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nededog |first=Jethro |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Megan Mullally regrets helping Trump with a 'landslide' win: 'I'm not giving him any points' |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> Trump receives a pension as a member of the [[Screen Actors Guild]].<ref name="jh_2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-did-donald-trump-get-810566 |title=How Did Donald Trump Get a $110K SAG Pension? |newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Jonathan |last=Handel}}</ref> His financial disclosure forms mentioned an annual pension of $110,000 in 2016 and $85,000 in 2017.<ref name="jh_2016" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-07-23/inside-candidate-trump-s-110-000-hollywood-pension-disclosure |title=Inside Donald Trump's $110,000 Hollywood Pension Disclosure |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Christopher |last=Palmeri}}</ref><ref name="jh-2017">{{cite news |last=Handler |first=Jonathan |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trump-ethics-filing-again-shows-sag-pension-entertainment-income-1014417 |title=Trump Ethics Filing Reveals SAG Pension, Entertainment Income |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref>
=== Talk shows ===
Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated ''[[Howard Stern Show]]''.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166]}} He also had his own short-form talk radio program called ''[[Trumped!]]'' (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Massie |first1=Christopher |last2=Kaczynski |first2=Andrew |author2link=Andrew Kaczynski |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated |title=There Are Hours Of Audio Of Donald Trump's Nationally Syndicated Radio Show In The 2000s |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=March 16, 2016 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,632500,00.html |title=The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=November 19, 2013 |first=Stephen M. |last=Silverman |authorlink=Stephen M. Silverman}}</ref><!-- Only sources I find are from 2004 like this: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040607005748/en/Trumped!-Donald-Trump-Biggest-Launch-Radio-History --><ref>{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Tedeschi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/06/technology/now-for-sale-online-the-art-of-the-vacation.html |title=Now for Sale Online, the Art of the Vacation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 6, 2006 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on ''[[Fox & Friends]]'' that continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/business/media/fox-news-trump-bill-shine.html/ |title=Fox News Once Gave Trump a Perch. Now It's His Bullhorn. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 1, 2018 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gertz |first=Matthew |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/05/trump-media-feedback-loop-216248 |title=I've Studied the Trump-Fox Feedback Loop for Months. It's Crazier Than You Think. |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Montopoli |first=Brian |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-gets-regular-fox-news-spot/ |title=Donald Trump gets regular Fox News spot |website=[[CBS News]] |date=April 1, 2011 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |title=How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ |accessdate=October 19, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2016}}</ref>
== Political career ==
=== Political activities up to 2015 ===
Trump's political party affiliation has changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<ref name="PolitiFact.24.Aug.15">{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' |url=https://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> He made donations to both the Democratic and the Republican parties, party committees, and candidates until 2010 when he stopped donating to Democrats and increased his donations to Republicans considerably.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kurtzleben |first=Danielle |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/07/28/426888268/donald-trumps-flipping-political-donations?t=1536218394951 |title=Most of Donald Trump's Political Money Went To Democrats – Until Five Years Ago |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}</ref>
In 1987, Trump spent $94,801 ({{Inflation|US|94,801|1987|fmt=eq}}) to place full-page advertisements in three major newspapers, proclaiming "America should stop paying to defend countries that can afford to defend themselves."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/02/nyregion/trump-gives-a-vague-hint-of-candidacy.html |title=Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Michael |last=Oreskes |authorlink=Michael Oreskes |date=September 2, 1987 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> The advertisements also advocated for "reducing the budget deficit, working for peace in Central America, and speeding up nuclear disarmament negotiations with the [[Soviet Union]]".<ref name="democrat.gala">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/18/us/trump-urged-to-head-gala-of-democrats.html |title=Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 18, 1987 |first=Fox |last=Butterfield}}</ref> After rumors of a presidential run, Trump was invited by then U.S. senator [[John Kerry]] (Democrat from Massachusetts), [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House speaker]] [[Jim Wright]] of Texas, and Arkansas congressman [[Beryl Anthony Jr.]] to host a fundraising dinner for Democratic congressional candidates and to switch parties. Anthony told ''The New York Times'' that "the message Trump has been preaching is a Democratic message." Asked whether the rumors were true, Trump denied being a candidate, but said, "I believe that if I did run for President, I'd win."<ref name="democrat.gala" /> According to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll in December 1988, Trump was the tenth most admired man in America.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3]}}{{sfn|Gallup|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC&pg=PA3 3]}}
==== 2000 presidential campaign ====
{{Main|Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign}}
In 1999, Trump filed an [[exploratory committee]] to seek the nomination of the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] for the 2000 presidential election.<ref name="NYTimes.Revolution" /><ref name=Winger-111225>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Winger |authorlink=Richard Winger |title=Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries |date=December 25, 2011 |website=[[Ballot Access News]] |url=https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/}}</ref> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee [[George W. Bush]] and likely Democratic nominee [[Al Gore]] showed Trump with seven percent support.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House |last=Johnson |first=Glen |work=Standard-Speaker |location=Hazelton, Pennsylvania}}</ref> Trump eventually dropped out of the race, but still went on to win the Reform Party primaries in California and Michigan.<ref name=Winger-111225/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://primary2000.sos.ca.gov/returns/pres/00.htm |title=CA Secretary of State – Primary 2000 – Statewide Totals |publisher=ca.gov |accessdate=July 1, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216145038/https://primary2000.sos.ca.gov/returns/pres/00.htm |archivedate=February 16, 2015}}</ref> After his run, he left the party due to the involvement of [[David Duke]], [[Pat Buchanan]], and [[Lenora Fulani]].<ref name="NYTimes.Revolution">{{cite news |first=Donald J. |last=Trump |title=What I Saw at the Revolution |date=February 19, 2000 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html}}</ref> He also considered running for president in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Travis |first=Shannon |title=Was he ever serious? How Trump strung the country along, again |url=https://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/16/trump.again/ |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 7, 2015 |date=May 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2008, he endorsed Republican [[John McCain]] for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/18/trump-endorses-mccain/ |title=Trump endorses McCain |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 18, 2008 |accessdate=July 12, 2016}}</ref>
==== 2012 presidential speculation ====
[[File:Donald Trump (5440995138).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], February 2011]]
Trump publicly speculated about running for president in [[2012 United States presidential election|the 2012 election]], and made his first speaking appearance at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in February 2011. The speech is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.towleroad.com/2011/02/goproud-leads-trump-in-2012-movement-at-cpac/ |title=GOProud Leads 'Trump in 2012' Movement at CPAC |website=[[Towleroad.com]] |date=February 10, 2011 |last=Belonsky |first=Andrew}}</ref>
On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election.<ref name=cnnnotrunning>{{cite news |author=CNN Political Unit |title=Trump not running for president |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/16/breaking-trump-not-running-for-president/ |date=May 16, 2011 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref> In February 2012, Trump endorsed [[Mitt Romney]] for president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump endorses Romney, cites tough China position and electability |date=February 2, 2012 |website=[[Fox News]] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/02/02/trump-plans-to-endorse-romney-sources-say.html}}</ref>
Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |authorlink=Ewen MacAskill |title=Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 16, 2011 |quote=Few U.S. political commentators took his campaign seriously and many suggested he was only in it for the publicity.}}</ref> Trump's moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show ''The Apprentice''.<ref name=cnnnotrunning /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2011/0210/Donald-Trump-says-he-might-run-for-president.-Three-reasons-he-won-t |title=Donald Trump says he might run for president. Three reasons he won't. |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=February 10, 2011 |first=Peter |last=Grier |accessdate=April 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/donald-trump-cpac-president-act_n_821923.html |title=Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |first=Jason |last=Linkins |date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> Before the 2016 election, ''The New York Times'' speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the [[White House Correspondents' Association]] Dinner in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 12, 2016 |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |author2link=Alex Burns (journalist) |title=Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html}}</ref>
In 2011, according to Evan Jones, the headmaster of the New York Military Academy at the time, the then-superintendent Jeffrey Coverdale had demanded Trump's academic records, to hand them over to "prominent, wealthy alumni of the school who were Mr. Trump's friends" at their request. Coverdale said he had refused to hand over Trump's records to trustees of the school, and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. Jones stated: "It was the only time in my education career that I ever heard of someone's record being removed," while Coverdale further said: "It's the only time I ever moved an alumnus's records." The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded President Barack Obama's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 5, 2019 |last1=Fisher |first1=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title='Grab that record': How Trump's high school transcript was hidden |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/grab-that-record-how-trumps-high-school-transcript-was-hidden/2019/03/05/8815b7b8-3c61-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>
==== 2013–2015 ====
In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<ref name="CPAC1">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump to address CPAC |url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/donald-trump-address-cpac-205409450--politics.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=March 5, 2013 |first=Chris |last=Moody |accessdate=March 6, 2013}}</ref> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Madison |title=Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-immigration-reform-a-suicide-mission-for-gop/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Amira |title=Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] (magazine) |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/03/donald-trump-cpac-speech-empty-seat-photos.html}}</ref> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<ref name="NYPost2016">{{cite news |title=Trump researching 2016 run |date=May 27, 2013 |website=[[Page Six]] |url=https://pagesix.com/2013/05/27/trump-researching-2016-run/}}</ref>
In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against [[Andrew Cuomo]]. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spector |first=Joseph |title=N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/14/trump-new-york-governor/2979589/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 31, 2013}}</ref> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Jake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-trumped-by-andrew-cuomo-in-new-york-governor-race-poll-finds/ |title=Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds |date=February 13, 2014 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=February 9, 2017}}</ref>
=== 2016 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}
==== Republican primaries ====
{{See also|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}
[[File:Donald Trump Laconia Rally, Laconia, NH 4 by Michael Vadon July 16 2015 19.jpg|thumb|alt=Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.|Trump campaigning in [[Laconia, New Hampshire]], July 2015]]
On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], [[offshoring]] of American jobs, the [[U.S. national debt]], and [[Islamic terrorism]], which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "[[Make America Great Again]]".<ref name="6/15/15transcript">{{cite speech |url=https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/ |title=Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech |via=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Donald |last=Trump |author-link=Donald Trump |date=June 16, 2015 |location=Trump Tower, New York City}} ''Transcript of full speech''</ref><ref name="AnnouncingCandidacy">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump Presidential Campaign Announcement Full Speech (C-SPAN) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM |website=YouTube |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |format=Video |date=June 16, 2015}}</ref> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066 |first=Adam B. |last=Lerner |title=The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=640280850182090752 |title=By self-funding my campaign, I am not controlled by my donors, special interests or lobbyists. I am only working for the people of the U.S.! |date=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> but according to ''The Atlantic'', "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/ |title=The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=David A. |last=Graham |date=May 13, 2016 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref>
In the primaries, Trump was one of seventeen candidates for the 2016 Republican nomination. This was the largest presidential field in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/3948922/jim-gilmore-virginia-2016/ |title=More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever |last=Linshi |first=Jack |date=July 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 14, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/123228/how-donald-trump-evolved-joke-almost-serious-candidate |date=October 27, 2015 |first=Elspeth |last=Reeve |title=How Donald Trump Evolved From a Joke to an Almost Serious Candidate |work=[[The New Republic]] |accessdate=July 23, 2018}}</ref>
On [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016#March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday|Super Tuesday]], Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/23/why-donald-trump-is-poised-to-win-the-nomination-and-lose-the-general-election-in-one-poll/ |title=Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 23, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> After a landslide win in [[Indiana Republican primary, 2016|Indiana]] on May 3, 2016{{snd}}which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and [[John Kasich]] to suspend their presidential campaigns{{snd}}[[Republican National Committee|RNC]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<ref name="politico_priebus">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/reince-priebus-donald-trump-is-nominee-222767 |title=RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=May 3, 2016 |accessdate=May 4, 2016 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
==== General election campaign ====
After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the [[2016 United States presidential election|general election]]. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.
Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016|national polls]] throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|email controversy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/amp/poll-clinton-trump-now-tied-gop-convention-kicks-n611936 |title=Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off |last1=Hartig |first1=Hannah |last2=Lapinski |first2=John |last3=Psyllos |first3=Stephanie |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-general-election-trump-vs-clinton |title=2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html |title=General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=RealClearPolitics}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.|Candidate Trump and running mate [[Mike Pence]] at the [[Republican National Convention]], July 2016]]
On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] as his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP |last=Levingston |first=Ivan |date=July 15, 2016 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/19/republicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html |title=Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee [[Bob Dole]], but the other prior nominees did not attend.<ref name="missing">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-conventions/9-elephants-room-rnc-what-s-missing-speakers-list-n609471 |title=9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |date=July 17, 2016 |accessdate=August 16, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/politics/john-mccain-jeff-flake-donald-trump/ |title=Flake, McCain split over backing Trump |last=Raju |first=Manu |authorlink=Manu Raju |date=May 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 7, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#First presidential debate (Hofstra University)|their first presidential debate]], which was held at [[Hofstra University]] in [[Hempstead, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uspresidentialelectionnews.com/2016-debate-schedule/2016-presidential-debate-schedule/ |title=2016 Presidential Debate Schedule |date=September 23, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2016}}</ref> The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]] was held at [[Washington University in Saint Louis|Washington University]] in Saint Louis, Missouri. The beginning of that debate was dominated by references to a recently leaked tape of [[Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording|Trump making sexually explicit comments]], which Trump countered by referring to alleged sexual misconduct on the part of Bill Clinton. Prior to the debate, Trump had invited four women who had accused Bill Clinton of impropriety to a press conference. The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Third presidential debate (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)|final presidential debate]] was held on October 19 at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37706499 |title=US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-20/how-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate/7950418 |title=How US media reacted to the third presidential debate |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
==== Political positions ====
{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump}}
Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [[U.S.–China relations]] and free trade agreements such as [[NAFTA]] and the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building [[Trump wall|a new wall]] along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing [[energy independence]] while opposing climate change regulations such as the [[Clean Power Plan]] and the [[Paris Agreement]], modernizing and expediting [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs#Benefits|services for veterans]], repealing and replacing the [[Affordable Care Act]], abolishing [[Common Core]] education standards, [[Infrastructure-based development|investing in infrastructure]], simplifying the [[Internal Revenue Code|tax code]] while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing [[tariff]]s on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely [[United States non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000 |title=Trump's promises before and after election |date=September 19, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called [[NATO]] "obsolete".<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/ |title=Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2017 |accessdate=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |issn=0146-3373 |year=2018 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 |title=Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World |quote=On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete' |journal=[[Communication Quarterly]] |volume=66 |issue=2<!-- |pages=176–195 --> |page=176 |first=Jason A. |last=Edwards}}</ref>
His political positions have been described as [[Populism|populist]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=What Is Populism? |last=Muller |first=Jan-Werner |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8122-9378-4 |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html |title=How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'? |last=Kazin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Kazin |date=March 22, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 |title=Trump's 6 populist positions |last=Becker |first=Bernie |date=February 13, 2016 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,<ref name="Donaldjtrump.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |title=Tax Reform |website=Donald J. Trump for president website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |archivedate=January 4, 2016 |accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> consistent with Republican Party policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/16/one-thing-donald-trump-got-right-about-how-the-u-s-is-spending-its-money/ |title=Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night |last=Ehrenfreund |first=Max |date=December 16, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html |title=Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=December 21, 2016 |accessdate=December 21, 2016 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-infrastructure-cities/512432/ |title=Would Trump's Infrastructure Plan Fix America's Cities? |last=Williams |first=Mason B. |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> According to political writer [[Jack Shafer]], Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he attracts [[earned media|free media attention]], sometimes by making outrageous comments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/did-media-reporters-create-trump-2016-campaign-213840 |title=Did We Create Trump? |last=Shafer |first=Jack |authorlink=Jack Shafer |date=May 2016 |quote=... Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest ... |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC&pg=PA56 56]}}
Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<ref name="davida.fahrenthold">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/ |title=20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |date=August 17, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehillFLIP">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops |title='Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=July 12, 2015 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref><ref name="real Donald">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607 |title=Will the real Donald Trump please stand up? |last=Noah |first=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Noah |date=July 26, 2015 |newspaper=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<ref name="real Donald" /> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801 |title=A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>
==== Campaign rhetoric ====
In his campaign, Trump said he disdained [[political correctness]]; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse [[media bias]].<ref name=Walsh-160724>{{cite news |first=Kenneth T. |last=Walsh |authorlink=Kenneth T. Walsh |title=Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |quote='If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ted |last=Koppel |authorlink=Ted Koppel |title=Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person" |date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ |quote=Well, I think that I'm an honest person{{nbsp}}... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna{{snd}}you know, I do want them to be straight about it.}}</ref><ref name=Blake-150706>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/ |title=Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. |first=Aaron |last=Blake |date=July 6, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of [[earned media|free media coverage]] during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/ |title=This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |date=June 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="year">{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |title=2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=December 21, 2015 |first1=Angie Drobnic |last1=Holan |author1link=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu}}</ref><ref name="wapo-false">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Farhi |title=Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) |date=February 26, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html}}</ref> At least four major publications{{snd}}''Politico'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{snd}}have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the ''Los Angeles Times'' saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html |title=The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar |first=Brian |last=Stelter |authorlink=Brian Stelter |date=September 26, 2016}}</ref> [[NPR]] said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCammon |first=Sarah |title=Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line |website=[[NPR]] |date=August 10, 2016 |quote=Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.}}</ref>
Trump's penchant for [[hyperbole]] is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<ref name="reuters-20150828" /> Trump adopted his [[Tony Schwartz (author)|ghostwriter's]] phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<ref name="reuters-20150828">{{cite news |first1=Emily |last1=Flitter |first2=James |last2=Oliphant |title=Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire |date=August 28, 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova />
==== Support from the far right ====
{{anchor|White supremacist support}}
According to [[Michael Barkun]], the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkun |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Barkun |year=2017<!-- |issn=0954-6553 (print) --> |title=President Trump and the ''Fringe'' |journal=[[Terrorism and Political Violence]] |volume=29<!-- |pages=437–443 --> |issue=3 |page=437 |doi=10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649 |issn=1556-1836}}</ref> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=German |title=We need to stop acting like Trump isn't pandering to white supremacists |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/13/16140504/trump-charlottesville-white-supremacists |accessdate=January 2, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blow |first=Charles M. |authorlink=Charles M. Blow |title=Is Trump a White Supremacist? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/opinion/trump-white-supremacist.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kharakh |first1=Ben |last2=Primack |first2=Dan |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists |url=https://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> He retweeted open racists,<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Daniel |title=Trump Criticized for Retweeting Racist Account |url=https://time.com/4190482/donald-trump-twitter-racist-retweet/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory |date=November 9, 2016 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/11/09/white-nationalists-and-alt-right-celebrate-trump%E2%80%99s-victory |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |accessdate=November 10, 2016}}</ref> and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's ''[[State of the Union (TV series)|State of the Union]]'', saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement |url=https://time.com/4240268/donald-trump-kkk-david-duke/ |accessdate=January 20, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 2016 |first=Melissa |last=Chan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |title=Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/12/30/donald-trump-and-the-alt-right-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2016}}</ref> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/12/16138358/charlottesville-protests-david-duke-kkk |title="Why we voted for Donald Trump": David Duke explains the white supremacist Charlottesville protests |last=Nelson |first=Libby |date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/08/15/david-duke-reaction-trump-news-conference/570517001/ |title=Former KKK leader David Duke praises Trump for his 'courage' |last=Cummings |first=William |date=August 15, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref>
After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<ref name="cnnduke">{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2016 |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump denounces David Duke, KKK |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-disavows-david-duke-kkk/index.html}}</ref> Trump said on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[Morning Joe]]'': "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<ref name="cnnduke"/>
The [[alt-right]] movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> due in part to its [[opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |authorlink=David Weigel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html |title='Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 20, 2016 |accessdate=June 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNNexplained">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it? |first=Gregory |last=Krieg |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |date=August 25, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html |title='Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election |first=Demetri |last=Sevastopulo |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=George |title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right |date=2017 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-54600-3}}</ref>
In August 2016, he appointed [[Steve Bannon]]{{snd}}the executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]]{{snd}}as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<ref>{{cite news |title=Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/15/breitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 15, 2016 |first=Jason |last=Wilson}}</ref> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<ref name=BBC.Disavows>{{cite news |title=Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069469 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html}}</ref>
==== Financial disclosures ====
As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC">{{cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html/ |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |title=Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regulators |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033902/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html |archivedate=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[U.S. Office of Government Ethics]] |via=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=July 15, 2015 |title=Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e) |url=https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf |archivedate=July 23, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf}}</ref> The 2016 form showed little change.<ref name="cnn-20160519" />
Trump has not released [[Donald Trump's tax returns|his tax returns]], contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promise in 2014 to do so if he ran for office.<ref name="Rappeport">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ |title=Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns |last=Rappeport |first=Alan |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 11, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<ref name="CNNtax26Feb">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/ |title=Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits |last=Isidore |first=Chris |date=February 26, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2016 |last2=Sahadi |first2=Jeanne |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/13/politics/donald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business/ |title=Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business' |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |date=May 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from ''The New York Times''. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<ref name="nyt-20161010">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Twohey |first2=Megan |author2link=Megan Twohey |date=October 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to [[MSNBC]]. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<ref name="nyt-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Drucker |first2=Jesse |last3=Craig |first3=Susanne |author3link=Susanne Craig |last4=Barstow |first4=David |author4link=David Barstow |date=March 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="hill-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005 |title=WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05 |last=Jagoda |first=Naomi |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref>
On April 3, 2019, the House [[Ways and Means Committee]] made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2 |title=House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns |first=Marcy |last=Gordon |date=April 4, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> That day, Treasury secretary [[Steven Mnuchin]] said the deadline would not be met,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html |title=Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 10, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Damian |last2=Paletta |author2link=Damian Paletta}}</ref> and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760 |title=IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns |first=Aaron |last=Lorenzo |website=[[Politico]] |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> and on May{{nbsp}}6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html |title=Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress |first=Alan |last=Rappeport |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 6, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> On May 10, 2019, committee chairman [[Richard Neal]] subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html |title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=May 10, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367 |title=Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns |first=Richard |last=Rubin |date=May 17, 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 21, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey}}</ref> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270 |title=Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns |first=Toby |last=Eckert |website=[[Politico]] |date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>
=== Election to the presidency ===
{{Main|2016 United States presidential election}}
[[File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|2016 electoral vote results]]
On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after [[Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|defections on both sides]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Kiersten |last1=Schmidt |first2=Wilson |last2=Andrews |title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton |date=December 19, 2016 |accessdate=January 31, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html}}</ref> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|while losing the popular vote]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Desilver |first=Drew |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ |title=Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=December 20, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of [[1824 United States presidential election|1824]], [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]], [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. [[John Quincy Adams]] trailed in ''both'' the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and [[Samuel Tilden]] in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=G. Scott |title=Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |page=125 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |authorlink=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665 |title=Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>}} Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes ({{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}) to 62,984,828 votes ({{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results |url=https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide{{snd}}though diminishing{{snd}}lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Maxwell |last=Tani |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html |title=Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Nate |last=Cohn |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref><!-- Likely a combination of multiple factors, don't simplify with just one explanation. -->
The polls were relatively accurate,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 17, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/}}</ref> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=The Media Has A Probability Problem |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/}}</ref>
Trump won 30 states, including [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Wisconsin]], which had been considered a [[Blue wall (politics)|blue wall]] of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with [[United States Presidents and control of Congress|control of]] both chambers of [[United States Congress|Congress]].
Trump is [[List of Presidents of the United States by net worth|the wealthiest president in U.S. history]], even after [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusting]] for [[inflation]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1 |title=Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history |last=Martin |first=Emmie |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and the oldest person to take office as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office |title=It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office |last=Kurtzlebel |first=Danielle |date=June 14, 2016 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=May 3, 2019}}</ref> He is also [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|the first president]] who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Weber |title=Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience |date=November 9, 2016 |website=[[The Week]] |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jesse |last=Yomtov |title=Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents |date=November 8, 2016 |website=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/08/donald-trump-experience-president/93504134/}}</ref><ref name="voxexp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience |title=Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience |last=Crockett |first=Zachary |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 3, 2017}}</ref> Of the 43{{efn|[[Grover Cleveland]] was the [[List of Presidents of the United States|22nd and 24th president]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes |url=http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/ |website=[[NPR]] |date=November 10, 2016 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archivedate=February 7, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/}}</ref>}} previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<ref name="voxexp" />
=== Protests ===
{{Main|Protests against Donald Trump}}
[[File:Women's March on Washington (32593123745).jpg|thumb|[[2017 Women's March|Women's March]] in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration]]
Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/ |title=Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally |last=Moyer |first=Justin Wm. |date=March 11, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Starrs |first2=Jenny |last3=Larimer |first3=Sarah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/ |title=Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Miller |first2=Michael E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/ |title=Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/ |title=Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect |last=Cummings |first=William |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11 |title=Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair' |last=Colson |first=Thomas |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref>
In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the [[2017 Women's March|Women Marches]], which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<ref name="USAToday01a">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ |title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations |last1=Przybyla |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Schouten |first2=Fredreka |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |edition=online}}</ref> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html |title=We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}</ref> Moreover, marches against his [[Executive Order 13769|travel ban]] began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/ |title=Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban |work=[[ThinkProgress]] |date=January 28, 2017 |first=Adrienne Mahsa |last=Varkiani |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}</ref>
=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign}}
Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632 |title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things' |last=Westwood |first=Sarah |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |date=January 22, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |title=Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day |publisher=[[KTVK]] |location=Phoenix, Arizona |first=Lee |last=Morehouse |date=January 31, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election# |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in [[Melbourne, Florida]], on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/ |title=Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday |last=Graham |first=David A. |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=February 15, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank |title=Trump's 2020 Re-Election Committee Has $22.1 Million in the Bank |last1=McCormick |first1=John |last2=Jacobs |first2=Jennifer |date=January 31, 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary |title=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. / Presidential – Principal campaign committee / Financial summary |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 31, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref> $23 million was spent in the fourth quarter of 2018, as Trump supported various Republican candidates for the [[2018 midterm elections]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00580100/1312481/ |title=FEC Form 3P – Report of receipts and disbursements – Filing FEC-1312481 |author=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=January 31, 2019 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref>
== Presidency ==
{{Main|Presidency of Donald Trump}}
{{for timeline|Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency}}
[[File:58th Presidential Inaugural Ceremony 170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg|thumb|right|Trump with [[Chuck Schumer]], [[Barack Obama]] and [[Joe Biden]] at his inauguration in 2017]]
=== Early actions ===
{{See also|Presidential transition of Donald Trump|First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency}}
[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump was inaugurated]] as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed [[List of executive actions by Donald Trump#Executive orders|six executive orders]]: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (Obamacare), withdrawal from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] negotiations, reinstatement of the [[Mexico City Policy]], unlocking the [[Keystone XL]] and [[Dakota Access Pipeline]] construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a [[Trump wall|wall along the U.S. border with Mexico]].<ref name=exec-summary>{{cite news |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |title=All of Trump's executive actions so far |url=https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288 |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref>
Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html |title=Trump Sons Forge Ahead Without Father, Expanding and Navigating Conflicts |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author1link=Eric Lipton |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig |date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband [[Jared Kushner]]. She serves as an assistant to the President,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair |author=V.v.B |title=Ivanka Trump's new job |date=March 31, 2017 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> and he is a [[Senior Advisor to the President of the United States|Senior Advisor]] in the White House.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |first2=Eric |last2=Lipton |author2link=Eric Lipton |first3=Charlie |last3=Savage |author3link=Charlie Savage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html |title=Jared Kushner, Trump's Son-in-Law, Is Cleared to Serve as Adviser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref>
On January 31, [[Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination|Trump nominated]] U.S. Appeals Court judge [[Neil Gorsuch]] to fill the seat on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] previously held by Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] until his death on February 13, 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |title=Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court |last=Barnes |first=Robert |date=January 31, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref>
=== Domestic policy ===
==== Economy and trade ====
{{Main|Economic policy of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tariffs}}
The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office. Throughout his presidency, he has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/ |title=President Trump's repeated claim: 'The greatest economy in the history of our country' |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 7, 2018 |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist)}}</ref>
In December 2017, Trump signed the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017]], which cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the [[Estate tax in the United States|estate tax]] exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html |title=What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Wilson |last1=Andrews |first2=Alicia |last2=Parlapiano |date=December 15, 2017 |accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump in Ypsilanti (33998674940) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017]]
Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized [[NAFTA]] during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schlesinger |first=Jacob M. |title=Trump Forged His Ideas on Trade in the 1980s – And Never Deviated |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508 |date=November 15, 2018 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=November 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538 |title=Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=June 28, 2016 |last2=Nelson |first2=Colleen McCain |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}} |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/ |title=Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster" |date=September 25, 2015 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> He withdrew the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP) negotiations,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html |title=Trump's TPP withdrawal: 5 things to know |last=Bradner |first=Eric |date=January 23, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<ref name=Inman>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs |title=The war over steel: Trump tips global trade into new turmoil |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 10, 2018 |accessdate=March 15, 2018 |last=Inman |first=Phillip}}</ref> and launched a [[China–United States trade war|trade war]] with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/ |title=Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=January 7, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC |title=Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes |date=June 16, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=David |last1=Lawder |first2=Ben |last2=Blanchard}}</ref> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the [[U.S. Treasury]].<ref name="Newburger-190512">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html |title=Kudlow acknowledges US will pay for China tariffs, contradicting Trump |website=[[CNBC]] |date=May 12, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Emma |last=Newburger}}</ref>
==== Energy and climate ====
{{Main|Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
Trump rejects the [[scientific consensus on climate change]].<ref name="ParkerDavenport">{{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Parker |author1link=Ashley Parker |first2=Coral |last2=Davenport |title=Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules |date=May 26, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Samenow |authorlink=Jason Samenow |title=Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate |date=March 22, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate}}</ref> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment |date=February 12, 2018 |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=May 27, 2018 |first1=Michael |last1=Greshko |first2=Laura |last2=Parker |first3=Brian Clark |last3=Howard |first4=Daniel |last4=Stone |first5=Alejandra |last5=Borunda |first6=Sarah |last6=Gibbens}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement]], making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brandy |title=As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Trump attended the [[44th G7 summit]] held in Canada in 2018 and the [[45th G7 summit]] held in France in 2019, but he skipped the discussions related to the environment and climate. He held a press conference following the 2019 summit in which he said he is "an environmentalist" adding, "I think I know more about the environment than most people."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |title=Trump departs G7 ahead of climate change talks |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/09/politics/g7-trump-climate-change/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Teirstein |first1=Zoya |title=Donald 'I'm an environmentalist' Trump skips G7 climate meeting |url=https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/ |website=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |date=August 26, 2019 |accessdate=August 27, 2019}}</ref>
Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing [[greenhouse gas]] emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Albeck-Ripka |first2=Livia |last3=Pierre-Louis |first3=Kendra |title=85 Environmental Rules Being Rolled Back Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html |accessdate=December 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Timothy |title=Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6 |accessdate=December 15, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>
==== Government size and deregulation ====
Trump's early policies have favored [[deregulation|rollback and dismantling of government regulations]]. He signed a [[Congressional Review Act]] disapproval resolution, the first in 16 years and second overall.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Adriance |first=Sam |title=President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years |date=February 16, 2017 |magazine=[[The National Law Review]] |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farand |first=Chloe |title=Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html |date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284 |work=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017 |date=March 5, 2017 |quote=More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target.}}</ref>
On January 30, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13771]], which directed administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html |date=January 30, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |author1link=White House Office of the Press Secretary |title=Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling |accessdate=May 16, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<ref name="mcalabresi">{{cite news |last=Calabresi |first=Massimo |title=Inside Donald Trump's War against the State |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 9, 2017 |url=https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/ |quote=Staffed by experts who oversee an open governmental process, they say, the federal bureaucracy exists to protect those who would otherwise be at the mercy of better-organized, better-funded interests.}}</ref>
==== Health care ====
During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (ACA or "Obamacare").<ref name="Kodjak">{{cite news |last=Kodjak |first=Alison |authorlink=Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak |title=Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Walsh">{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Deirdre |last2=Lee |first2=MJ |title=Trump wants Obamacare repeal 'quickly', but Republicans aren't ready |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/paul-ryan-obamacare-repeal-and-replace/index.html |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to repeal it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal |title=House passes Obamacare repeal |last=Sullivan |first=Peter |date=May 4, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Over the course of several months' effort, however, the Senate was unable to pass any version of a repeal bill.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/27/politics/health-care-debate-thursday/index.html |title=GOP Obamacare repeal bill fails in dramatic late-night vote |date=July 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA [[Annual enrollment|enrollment period]] in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664 |title=Trump says he plans to 'let Obamacare fail' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=July 18, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751 |title=Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs |last=Young |first=Jeffrey |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225 |title=Trump administration slashes Obamacare outreach |last=Pradhan |first=Rachana |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|2017 tax bill]] effectively repealed the ACA's [[Individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Pear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html |title=Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Sullivan |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate |title=Senate GOP repeals ObamaCare mandate |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Health Affairs]] |date=December 20, 2017 |first=Timothy |last=Jost |title=The Tax Bill And The Individual Mandate: What Happened, And What Does It Mean? |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/ |doi=10.1377/hblog20171220.323429 |doi-broken-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>
==== Social issues ====
{{Main|Social policy of Donald Trump}}
Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[pro-life]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>
Trump supports a broad interpretation of the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] and says he is [[Gun politics in the United States|opposed]] to [[gun control]] in general,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705 |title=A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OWSAR">{{cite web |title=Second Amendment Rights |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |website=Donald J. Trump for President |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |archivedate=January 7, 2016 |quote=There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.}}</ref> although his views have shifted over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/ |title=The times Trump changed his positions on guns |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 20, 2016 |first=Gregory |last=Krieg}}</ref> Trump opposes [[Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction|legalizing recreational marijuana]] but supports legalizing [[medical cannabis|medical marijuana]].<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump on Marijuana |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana |website=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> He favors [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]],<ref name="Cop_killers">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/ |title=Trump: Death penalty for cop killers |date=December 11, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FullPageAd1989">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html |title=Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty |date=May 1, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> as well as the use of [[waterboarding]] and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |title=Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite news |title=Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>
=== Immigration ===
{{Main|Immigration policy of Donald Trump}}
[[File:POTUS visits DHS (31741970743).jpg|thumb|Trump conferring with Vice President Mike Pence and former secretary of homeland security [[John F. Kelly]], January 25, 2017]]
Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build [[Mexico–United States barrier|a more substantial wall]] on the [[Mexico–United States border]] to keep out [[illegal immigrants]] and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269 |title=Who pays for Donald Trump's wall? |date=February 6, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> He pledged to massively deport [[Illegal immigrant population of the United States|illegal immigrants residing in the United States]],<ref name="CBC_August29_2015">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |accessdate=September 29, 2015 |date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> and criticized [[Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship]] for creating "[[anchor babies]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution |title=Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=August 19, 2015 |accessdate=November 22, 2015 |first=Inae |last=Oh}}</ref> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/ |title=Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty |publisher=[[KTRK-TV]] |location=Houston, Texas |date=September 1, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang [[MS-13]], though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/ |title=A USA TODAY analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 |last=Fritze |first=John |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref>
==== Travel ban ====
{{Main|Executive Order 13769|Executive Order 13780}}
Following the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]], Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban |date=December 13, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/}}</ref><ref name=Barro>{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Barro |title=How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask |date=December 15, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html |quote=Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jill |last1=Colvin |first2=Bill |last2=Barrow |title=Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce |date=December 14, 2015 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it |quote=He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.}}</ref> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<ref name=Scots>{{cite news |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 25, 2016 |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |title=Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html |quote=[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me'. Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |website=[[NPR]] |date=June 13, 2016 |first=Scott |last=Detrow |title=Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism' |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism |quote=I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html |title=Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work? |last=Park |first=Haeyoun |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}</ref>
On January 27, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13769]], which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately.<ref name="BBC.March.6.17">{{cite news |title=Trump signs new travel ban directive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153 |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=BBC News |date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grinberg |first1=Emanuella |last2=Park |first2=Madison |title=2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump |title=US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests |date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=July 19, 2017}}</ref> [[Sally Yates]], the acting [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html |title=Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban |first1=Evan |last1=Perez |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |author2link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017 |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump immediately dismissed her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on the Appointment of Dana Boente as Acting Attorney General |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general |website=The White House |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Mark |last2=Landler |author2link=Mark Landler |first3=Matt |last3=Apuzzo |author3link=Matt Apuzzo |first4=Eric |last4=Lichtblau}}</ref> [[Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780|Multiple legal challenges]] were filed against the order, and on February{{nbsp}}5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=February 4, 2017 |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Dan |last2=Frosch |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216}}</ref><ref name="LiptakStands">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2017 |first=Adam |last=Liptak |authorlink=Adam Liptak |title=Where Trump's Travel Ban Stands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html}}</ref> On March 6, Trump issued [[Executive Order 13780|a revised order]], which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for [[Permanent residence (United States)|permanent residents]], and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<ref name="Chakraborty3/6/17">{{cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Barnini |title=Trump Signs New Immigration Order, Narrows Scope of Travel Ban |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html |date=March 6, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC.March.6.17" /> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=March 15, 2017 |first1=Dan |last1=Levine |first2=Mica |last2=Rosenberg |title=Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N}}</ref> On June 26, 2017, the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a ''bona fide'' relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<ref name="TravelBanScotus1">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html |title=Trump says Supreme Court decision on travel ban a 'clear victory for our national security' |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Mark |last=Sherman |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 26, 2017 |accessdate=June 27, 2017}}</ref>
The temporary order was replaced by [[Presidential Proclamation 9645]] on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<ref name="Guardian.Oct.10.13">{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY |first=Lawrence |last=Hurley |date=December 4, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<ref name=Wagner>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html |title=Supreme Court upholds Trump's travel ban |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 26, 2018 |accessdate=June 26, 2018 |last1=Wagner |first1=Meg |last2=Ries |first2=Brian}}</ref>
==== DACA ====
In September 2017, Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] announced that [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals|DACA]] would be repealed after six months.<ref name=nytimes-20170905>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/us/politics/trump-daca-dreamers-immigration.html |title=Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Davis |first2=Julie Hirschfeld |author2link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |date=September 5, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Trump argued that "top legal experts" believed DACA was unconstitutional, and called on Congress to use the six-month delay to pass legislation solving the "Dreamers" issue permanently.<ref name="Kopan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/05/politics/daca-trump-congress/index.html |title=Trump ends DACA, but gives Congress window to save it |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> No legislation had been agreed to on DACA by March 2018, when the delay expired.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tal |last=Kopan |authorlink=Tal Kopan |title=DACA's March 5 'deadline' marks only inaction |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/05/politics/daca-deadline-march-5-passing-immigration-courts/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 5, 2018}}</ref> Several states immediately challenged the DACA rescission in court.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |title=Blue states sue Trump over DACA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/06/politics/daca-trump-states-lawsuits/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 6, 2017 |accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Two injunctions in January and February 2018 allowed renewals of applications and stopped the rolling back of DACA, and in April 2018 a federal judge ordered the acceptance of new applications.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jordan |first=Miriam |title=U.S. Must Resume DACA and Accept New Applications, Federal Judge Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/us/daca-dreamers-trump.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] [[Andrew Hanen]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas]] ruled that DACA is likely unconstitutional, but left the program in place as litigation proceeds.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place |title=Texas Judge Says DACA Is Probably Illegal, But Leaves It In Place |website=[[NPR]] |first=Joel |last=Rose |date=August 31, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>
==== Family separation at border ====
{{Main|Trump administration family separation policy}}
In April 2018, Trump enacted a "[[Trump administration family separation policy|zero tolerance]]" immigration policy that temporarily took adults irregularly entering the U.S. into custody for criminal prosecution and forcibly separated children from parents, eliminating the policy of previous administrations, which had made exceptions for families with children.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation |title=Immigrant Children Who Are Forcibly Separated From Their Parents Face Long-Term Trauma |last=Vergano |first=Dan |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |date=June 15, 2018 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bachega |first=Hugo |title=Separation of migrant families: What other countries do |website=[[BBC Online]] |date=June 7, 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756}}</ref> By mid-June, more than 2,300 children had been placed in shelters, including [[Department of Health and Human Services]]-designated "tender age" shelters for children under thirteen,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Garance |last1=Burke |first2=Martha |last2=Mendoza |title=Toddlers Separated From Parents at the Border Are Being Detained in 'Tender Age' Shelters |accessdate=July 24, 2018 |url=http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/ |archivedate=June 20, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/}}</ref> culminating in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<ref name=Colvin>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |title=President Trump's Family Separation Policy Is Dividing Republicans |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 18, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Colvin |first=Jill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted that his administration was merely following the law.<ref name=Davis>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html |title=Separated at the Border From Their Parents: In Six Weeks, 1,995 Children |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Davis |first=Julie}}</ref><ref name=McArdle>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/ |title=White House Blames Democrats for Separation of Families at Border |website=[[National Review]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=McArdle |first=Mairead}}</ref><ref name=Sarlin>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701 |title=Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Sarlin |first=Benjy}}</ref>
On June 20, Trump signed an executive order to end family separations at the U.S. border.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html}}</ref> On June 26 a federal judge in San Diego issued a preliminary injunction requiring the Trump administration to stop detaining immigrant parents separately from their minor children, and to reunite family groups who had been separated at the border.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html |title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border |last=Jarrett |first=Laura |date=June 27, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref>
==== 2018–2019 federal government shutdown ====
{{Main|2018–19 United States federal government shutdown}}
On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a [[Trump border wall|U.S.–Mexico border wall]] to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |first2=Michael |last2=Tackett |author2link=Michael Tackett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html |title=Trump and Democrats Dig In After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wamsley |first=Laurel |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways |title=How Is The Shutdown Affecting America? Let Us Count The Ways |date=January 9, 2019 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump said he would not accept any bill that does not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation that Trump would not sign.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Damian |last1=Paletta |author1link=Damian Paletta |first2=Erica |last2=Werner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html |title=Trump falsely claims Mexico is paying for wall, demands taxpayer money for wall in meeting with Democrats |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<ref name=Nakamura-190109>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title='He's a gut politician': Trump's go-to negotiating tactics aren't working in shutdown standoff |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2019 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first1=David |last1=Nakamura |first2=Seung Min |last2=Kim}}</ref>
=== Foreign policy ===
{{Main|Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
[[File:G7 Taormina family photo 2017-05-26.jpg|thumb|Trump together with other leaders at the [[43rd G7 summit]] in Italy]]
[[File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, Melania Trump, and Donald Trump, May 2017.jpg|thumb|Trump, King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]], and Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] at the [[2017 Riyadh summit]] in Saudi Arabia]]
Trump has been described as a [[Non-interventionism|non-interventionist]]<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rucker">{{cite news |first1=Philip |last1=Rucker |author1link=Philip Rucker |first2=Robert |last2=Costa |author2link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy |date=March 21, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/}}</ref> and as an [[American nationalist]].<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{cite news |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237 |title=Donald Trump, American Nationalist |newspaper=[[The National Interest]] |date=November 3, 2015 |first=Colin |last=Dueck}}</ref> In 2019, Trump gave a speech at the UN General Assembly calling for world leaders to look after their own interests.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 24, 2019 |title=Trump calls on nations to reject globalism, embrace nationalism |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-trump-globalism/trump-calls-on-nations-to-reject-globalism-embrace-nationalism-idUSKBN1W91XP}}</ref> He has repeatedly said he supports an "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |title=Donald Trump's speech: 'America first', but an America absent from the world |date=July 22, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/}}</ref> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<ref name="nationalinterest.org" /> but favors decreasing United States spending on [[NATO]] and in the Pacific region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump reveals his isolationist foreign-policy instincts |date=May 22, 2016 |website=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy}}</ref> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<ref name="rucker" />
His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of [[authoritarian]] [[Strongman (politics)|strongmen]] and criticism of [[Liberal democracy|democratically-led governments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381 |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last=Carothers |first=Thomas |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2019 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Trump has cited China's president [[Xi Jinping]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=March 4, 2018 |title=US President Donald Trump praises China's Xi Jinping for consolidating grip on power |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441}}</ref> Philippines president [[Rodrigo Duterte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/ |title=Donald Trump repeatedly praises Philippines' President Duterte during Asia trip |website=[[Global News]] |date=November 13, 2017 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Jill |last2=Colvin}}</ref> Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 21, 2017 |first=Rachael |last=Revesz |title=Donald Trump praises Egypt President al-Sisi and plans trip to Cairo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html}}</ref> Turkey's president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first1=Margaret |last1=Talev |first2=Jennifer |last2=Jacobs |title=Trump Praises Erdogan for 'High Marks' Amid Crackdown Concerns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns}}</ref> King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 6, 2017 |first=Angelica |last=LaVito |title=Trump praises Saudi king after crackdown |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html}}</ref> Italy's prime minister [[Giuseppe Conte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/ |title=Donal Trump elogia il premier italiano Giuseppe Conte: "È fantastico" – Video |date=June 15, 2018 |website=TPI News |first=Di Gianluigi |last=Spinaci |language=it}}</ref> Brazil's president [[Jair Bolsonaro]]<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Trump praises Brazil's new President Bolsonaro after he vowed to 'strengthen democracy' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html}}</ref> and Hungarian prime minister [[Viktor Orbán]] as examples of good leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/ |title=Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump |first=Krishnadev |last=Calamur |date=March 4, 2018 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant [[Law and Justice]] party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup |url=https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 24, 2017 |first=Vanessa |last=Gera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 20, 2017 |first=Lindsay |last=Maizland}}</ref>
==== ISIS and war ====
[[File:Letter from Donald Trump to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.jpg|thumb|Letter dated October 9 from Trump warning Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] about the [[2019 Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria]]]]
In April 2017, Trump ordered a [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strike]] against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]].<ref name="bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike">{{cite news |title=Syria war: Trump's missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605 |accessdate=April 8, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> According to investigative journalist [[Bob Woodward]], Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate [[President of Syria|Syrian president]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies he wanted Syria leader killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> In April 2018, he announced [[2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs|missile strikes]] against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near [[Damascus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime |first=Kathleen |last=Joyce |title=US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime |date=April 14, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=April 14, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html |title=Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS' |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |author2link=Helene Cooper |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=December 19, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=December 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria conflict: Trump's withdrawal plan shocks allies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |title=Trump shocks allies and advisers with plan to pull US troops out of Syria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of [[Rojava|Kurd allies]] who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |authorlink=Helene Cooper |title=Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump's Worldview |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html |accessdate=December 21, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first=Karoun |last=Demirjian |authorlink=Karoun Demirjian |title=Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html}}</ref> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor [[John Bolton]] announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |author1link=David E. Sanger |first2=Noah |last2=Weiland |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |title=Bolton Puts Conditions on Syria Withdrawal, Suggesting a Delay of Months or Years |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html}}</ref>
Trump actively supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] against the [[Houthis]] and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="prince">{{cite news |title=Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince |url=https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Senate Votes Down Ending Trump's Support for Saudi-led War in Yemen |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Phelps-170520>{{cite news |title=Trump signs $110 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia on 'a tremendous day' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=May 20, 2017 |accessdate=July 6, 2018 |first1=Jordyn |last1=Phelps |first2=Ryan |last2=Struyk}}</ref> Trump also praised his relationship with [[Saudi Arabia]]'s powerful Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]].<ref name="prince"/>
U.S. troop numbers in [[Afghanistan]] increased from 8,500 to 14,000, {{as of|2017|1|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Greg |last2=Ryan |first2=Missy |author2link=Missy Ryan |title=Up to 1,000 more U.S. troops could be headed to Afghanistan this spring |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> reversing Trump's pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. |author1link=Michael R. Gordon |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |author2link=Eric P. Schmitt |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Settles on Afghan Strategy Expected to Raise Troop Levels |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rampton |first1=Roberta |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |title=Trump rejects peace talks with Taliban in departure from Afghan strategy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>
In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]], the White House acknowledged that Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|U.S. troops in northern Syria]] were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |title=In Major Policy Shift, U.S. Will Stand Aside As Turkish Forces Extend Reach In Syria |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref> In the following days, Trump suggested that the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested that they were only fighting for their own financial interests, suggested that some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html |title=Trump Lashes Out on Syria as Republicans Rebuke Him in House Vote |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref>
Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator [[Lindsey Graham]]. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]], and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052 |title=Republicans unload on Trump for Syria shift when he needs them most |last=Forgey |first=Quint |date=October 7, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 7, 2019}}</ref> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html |title=US troops start pullout in Syria as Turkey prepares operation |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> After the U.S. pullout, [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey Syria offensive: Tens of thousands flee homes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418 |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 10, 2019}}</ref> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, for, in the view of both parties, "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286 |title=House condemns Trump's Syria withdrawal |last=O'Brien |first=Connor |date=October 16, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html |title=In Bipartisan Rebuke, House Majority Condemns Trump for Syria Withdrawal |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
==== Iran ====
{{see also|Iran–United States relations#2017–present: Trump administration | United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis}}
Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime," although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiler |first1=Yuram Abdullah |title=What is Basij and how does it function against U.S. and Zionism? |url=http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism |website=Khamenei.ir |accessdate=February 6, 2019 |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 27, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Kranish |authorlink=Michael Kranish |title=Trump says he is not seeking 'regime change' in Iran |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html}}</ref> He has repeatedly criticized the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<ref name="KatyTurIranInterview">{{cite news |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 14, 2015 |first=Katy |last=Tur |authorlink=Katy Tur |title=Donald Trump Weighs in on Iran Deal |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926}}</ref><ref name="AP180508"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Igor |last=Bobic |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e |title=Donald Trump Would Not Rip Up The Iran Deal |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref>
Following Iran's ballistic missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice |title=Trump administration 'officially putting Iran on notice', says Michael Flynn |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump administration tightens Iran sanctions, Tehran hits back |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 3, 2016 |last=Torbati |first=Yeganeh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions |title=Trump administration imposes new sanctions on Iran |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 3, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May [[2017 Brussels summit]]; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aleem |first=Zeeshan |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif |title=Iran says the US is violating the nuclear deal. It has a point |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 21, 2017 |accessdate=July 22, 2017}}</ref> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act]] (CAATSA) that grouped together [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]], Russia, and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0 |title=Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction' |website=[[Reuters]] |date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|the United States' unilateral departure]] from the JCPOA.<ref name="AP180508">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran |title=Trump declares US leaving 'horrible' Iran nuclear accord |last=Lederman |first=Josh |date=May 8, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref>
In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister [[Javad Zarif]] called "genocidal taunts".<ref name=Budryk-190519>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons |title=Trump: 'I will not let Iran have nuclear weapons' |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Zack |last=Budryk}}</ref><ref name=Chamberlain-190519>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states |title=Trump says war will mean 'official end of Iran', warns 'never threaten the United States again' |work=[[Fox News]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Samuel |last=Chamberlain}}</ref><ref name=Wintour-190520>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts |title=Iran hits back at Trump for tweeting 'genocidal taunts' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 20, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Patrick |last=Wintour}}</ref> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]] are allies in the [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|conflict with Iran]].<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Tells Saudi Arabia Oil Attacks Were Launched From Iran |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 17, 2019 |first1=Dion |last1=Nissenbaum |first2=Summer |last2=Said |first3=Jared |last3=Malsin}}</ref> Trump has approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] following the [[2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack|attack on Saudi oil facilities]] which the United States has blamed on Iran.<ref>{{cite news |title=US to deploy more troops to Saudi Arabia after attack on oil industry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack |work=The Guardian |date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> He has also ordered [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|a targeted U.S. airstrike]] in 2 January 2020, which killed Iranian [[Major general|Major General]] and [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Quds Force]] commander [[Qasem Soleimani]] and Iraqi [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] commander [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]], as well as eight other people.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html |title=U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani, Commander of Iranian Forces |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |last2=Hassan |first2=Falih |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=2020-01-02 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites if Iran retaliated; such an attack by the U.S. would violate international law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=David |title=Suleimani killing: Donald Trump defends threat to hit cultural sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran |accessdate=January 6, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2020}}</ref> On January 8, 2020, the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] launched [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|multiple ballistic missiles]] on two U.S. airbases in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran attack: Missiles fired at US forces in Iraq |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181 |website=[[BBC]] |accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref>
==== Israel ====
{{see also|Israel–United States relations#Trump administration (2017–present)}}
[[File:President Trump visit to Israel May 22-23, 2017 DSC 3982F (34847749905).jpg|thumb|Trump and Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] at [[Yad Vashem]], May 2017]]
Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Allison |last=Kaplan Sommer |date=July 25, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> On May 22, 2017, he was the first U.S. president to visit the [[Western Wall]] in Jerusalem, during his first foreign trip.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 24, 2017 |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Jason |last2=Horowitz |title=With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change |accessdate=May 14, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/world/europe/pope-trump-vatican-meet.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rafferty |first=Andrew |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Trump Becomes First Sitting U.S. President to Visit Western Wall |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/trumps-first-foreign-trip/trump-becomes-first-sitting-u-s-president-visit-western-wall-n762891 |website=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Luke |last2=Holland |first2=Steve |date=May 23, 2017 |title=In U.S. presidential first, Trump prays at Jerusalem's Western Wall |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-wall-idUSKBN18I1V6 |work=[[Reuters]] |location=London, England |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Trump makes historic visit to Western Wall |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/trump-israel-western-wall/ |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}</ref> Trump officially [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]] on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in Jerusalem in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973 |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |last2=Nussbaum |first2=Matthew |title=Trump says U.S. recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital, despite global condemnation |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Ynetnews]] |title=US Embassy opens in Jerusalem: 'When Trump makes a promise, he keeps it' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E |title=Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory – Turkey and Yemen: draft resolution – Status of Jerusalem |website=[[United Nations General Assembly]] |date=December 19, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html |title=Defying Trump, U.N. General Assembly Condemns U.S. Decree on Jerusalem |first=Rick |last=Gladstone |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel|recognizing]] [[Golan Heights Law|Israel's annexation]] of the [[Golan Heights]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The jungle is back.' With his Golan Heights tweet, Trump emboldens the annexation agendas of the world's strongmen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Mark |last=MacKinnon |authorlink=Mark MacKinnon}}</ref> a move condemned by the European Union and Arab League.<ref>{{cite news |title=Outcry as Trump backs Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights |website=[[Euronews]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Natalie |last=Huet |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
==== China ====
{{See also|China–United States relations#Trump's presidency (2017–)|China–United States trade war}}
Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO |title=Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals' |date=August 7, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Nandita |last1=Bose |first2=Andrea |last2=Shalal}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump has [[China–United States trade war|launched a trade war against China]], sanctioned [[Huawei]] for its alleged ties to Iran,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/ |title=Huawei sanctions: Who gets hurt in dispute? |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Frank |last1=Bajak |first2=Michael |last2=Liedtke}}</ref> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/ |title=Trump's Next Trade War Target: Chinese Students in the U.S. |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/25/716032871/visas-are-the-newest-weapon-in-u-s-china-rivalry |title=Visas Are The Newest Weapon In U.S.-China Rivalry |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2019 |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> and classified China as a "[[currency manipulator]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/trade-war-china-responds-to-us-after-claim-of-being-a-currency-manipulator.html |title=China responds to US after Treasury designates Beijing a 'currency manipulator' |last=Meredith |first=Sam |date=August 6, 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a [[Second Cold War|new cold war]] between China and the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a3062586-a9ac-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |title=Getting acclimatised to the US-China cold war |website=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be |title=Is China-US cold war inevitable? Chinese analysts say it can't be ruled out |date=August 14, 2019 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html |title=A new cold war in Africa |last=Maru |first=Mehari Taddele |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>
==== North Korea ====
{{See also|North Korea–United States relations}}
[[File:Kim and Trump shaking hands at the red carpet during the DPRK–USA Singapore Summit.jpg|thumb|Trump meets [[Kim Jong-un]] at [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|the Singapore summit]], June 2018.]]
In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<ref name="scarier">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 21, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/asia/north-korea-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-test/index.html |title=US slams North Korea missile test as Kim claims 'whole US mainland' in reach |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=July 30, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=David |title=North Korean ICBM Appears Able to Reach Major US Cities |url=https://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/new-north-korean-icbm |website=All Things Nuclear |publisher=[[Union of Concerned Scientists]] |accessdate=July 28, 2017 |date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> In August, Trump dramatically escalated his rhetoric against North Korea, warning that further provocations against the U.S. would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-escalates-rhetoric-on-threat-from-north-korea/2017/08/10/ff49e018-7ded-11e7-83c7-5bd5460f0d7e_story.html |title=Trump reiterates warning to N. Korea: 'Fire and fury' may not have been 'tough enough' |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=DeYoung |first2=Karen |author2link=Karen DeYoung |date=August 10, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 21, 2018}}</ref> In response, North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]] threatened to direct a missile test toward [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-08-10/north-korea-details-plan-to-fire-missile-salvo-toward-guam |title=Trump doubles down on 'fire and fury' vow as wargames near |last1=Talmadge |first1=Eric |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |date=August 11, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=September 30, 2017}}</ref>
On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim held [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|a summit]] in Singapore,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Kim summit: Kim Jong Un gave unwavering commitment to denuclearisation, says Trump |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump |website=[[The Straits Times]] |accessdate=June 13, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018 |first1=Jeremy Au |last1=Yong |first2=Tan Dawn |last2=Wei}}</ref> resulting in North Korea affirming its promise to work toward complete denuclearization.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement of President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong Un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the Singapore Summit |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-united-states-america-chairman-kim-jong-un-democratic-peoples-republic-korea-singapore-summit/ |website=The White House |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rosenfeld">{{cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Everett |title=Document signed by Trump and Kim includes four main elements related to 'peace regime' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> A [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|second summit]] took place in February 2019, in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name="partial_relief">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Denyer |first2=Simon |last3=Nakamura |first3=David |author3link=David Nakamura |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> It ended abruptly without an agreement, both sides blaming each other and offering differing accounts of the negotiations.<ref name="partial_relief"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Wong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-kim-vietnam-summit.html |title=Trump's Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/trump-kim-hanoi-summit-takeaways/index.html |title=Takeaways from the Trump-Kim Hanoi summit |website=[[CNN]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President [[Moon Jae-in]] held [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|brief talks]] in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. They agreed to resume negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/trump-confirms-meet-kim-dmz-190630050353219.html |title=Trump meets North Korea's Kim at DMZ in landmark visit |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=June 30, 2019 |access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Talks in Stockholm began on October 5, 2019, between U.S. and North Korean negotiating teams, but broke down after one day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |first1=Jari |last1=Tanner |first2=Matthew |last2=Lee |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 5, 2019}}</ref>
==== Russia ====
{{See also|Russia–United States relations}}
[[File:Vladimir Putin & Donald Trump in Helsinki, 16 July 2018 (3).jpg|thumb|Putin and Trump at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki summit]], July 2018]]
During his campaign and as president, Trump repeatedly said he wants better relations with Russia,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/ |title=Donald Trump urges 'good relationship' with Russia in tweets |last=Flores |first=Reena |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/ |title=GOP warns Trump not to lift Russia sanctions after call with Putin |last=Berry |first=Lynn |date=January 29, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> and he has praised Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] as a strong leader.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/ |title=Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says |last1=Viebeck |first1=Elise |last2=Markon |first2=Jerry |last3=DeYoung |first3=Karen |author3link=Karen DeYoung |date=November 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/trump-putin-bromance |title=Trump and Putin's Bromance Could Change the World |last=Conrad |first=Peter |date=January 13, 2017 |work=[[GQ]] |accessdate=May 29, 2017}}</ref> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its [[Military intervention against ISIL|fight against ISIS]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/ |title=Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea |date=August 1, 2016 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the [[Russia–United States relations|U.S.–Russian relations]], which were already at the lowest level since the end of the [[Cold War]], have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=US-Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=January 19, 2018 |first=Oliver |last=Carroll}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vladimir Putin says US-Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=April 12, 2017 |first=Samuel |last=Osborne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=March 30, 2018 |first=Alexander |last=Smith}}</ref>
After Trump met Putin at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki Summit]] on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of [[Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election]], rather than accepting the findings of the [[United States intelligence community]].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last=Zurcher |first=Anthony |title=Trump-Putin summit: After Helsinki, the fallout at home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012 |accessdate=July 18, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/ |title=Trump Sides With the Kremlin, Against the U.S. Government |last=Calamur |first=Krishnadev |date=July 16, 2018 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="break">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html |title=Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments |last=Fox |first=Lauren |date=July 16, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref>
Trump has made both pro- and anti-Russia statements regarding Crimea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> Syria,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |work=Politico |date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> Ukraine,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump criticizes Russia, calls for defense of Western civilization |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 6, 2017 |first1=Roberta |last1=Rampton |first2=Pawel |last2=Sobczak}}</ref> North Korea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Venezuela,<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at 'boorish' Trump |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503 |publisher=BBC News |date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> election meddling,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump vows to 'counteract' any Russia election meddling |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html |publisher=Daily Nation |date=March 7, 2018}}</ref> and Skripal poisoning.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expelling 60 Russian diplomats in wake of UK nerve agent attack |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> Trump also said U.S. oil companies cannot resume oil drilling in Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies Exxon permission to drill for oil in Russia |last2=Egan |first2=Matt |last1=Borak |first1=Donna |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>
==== Cuba ====
{{See also|Cuba–United States relations}}
In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with [[Cuba]] and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's [[Cuban thaw|loosening of restrictions]]. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeYoung |first=Karen |author1link=Karen DeYoung |title=White House implements new Cuba policy restricting travel and trade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 8, 2017}}</ref>
==== Venezuela ====
{{See also|United States–Venezuela relations}}
[[File:President Trump Delivers Remarks to the Venezuelan American Community (47145953601).jpg|thumb|On February 18, 2019 Trump gave a speech about the crisis in Venezuela.]]
On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump won't 'rule out a military option' in Venezuela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2017 |first1=Jenna |last1=Johnson |first2=John |last2=Wagner}}</ref> In September 2018, Trump called "for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 25, 2018 |first1=Lesley |last1=Wroughton |first2=Brian |last2=Ellsworth}}</ref> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis|breaking ties]] with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing [[Juan Guaidó]], the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela's President breaks diplomatic relations with US over Donald Trump's support of Opposition Leader |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |agency=[[Reuters]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
==== NATO ====
[[File:President Donald Trump and Secretary General Jens Stolenberg Joint Press Conference, April 12, 2017 (01).jpg|thumb|Trump and NATO Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]], April 2017]]
As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend [[North Atlantic Treaty|security guarantees to NATO members]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html |title=Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack |date=July 20, 2016 |last=Sanger |first=David E. |authorlink=David E. Sanger |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/ |title=What's Trump's Position on NATO? |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655 |title=Trump supports NATO, but Senate holds up expansion |date=March 1, 2017 |agency=[[Reuters]] |work=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> However, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html |accessdate=July 12, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>
In January 2019, ''The New York Times'' quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author2link=Helene Cooper |date=January 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846 |title=Trump: We will be with NATO '100 percent' |last=Morin |first=Rebecca |date=January 17, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref>
=== Personnel ===
{{Main|Political appointments by Donald Trump|Cabinet of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet}}
[[File:Donald Trump Cabinet meeting 2017-03-13 04.jpg|thumb|Cabinet meeting, March 2017]]
The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years |title=Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years |last=Trimble |first=Megan |date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2018|7|pre=early}}, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<ref name="Wise -180702">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover |title=AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Wise |first=Justin}}</ref> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396 |title=Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Both figures set a record for recent presidents{{snd}}more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<ref name="Keith">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left |title=White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left |last=Keith |first=Tamara |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor [[Mike Flynn]] (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff [[Reince Priebus]], replaced by retired Marine general [[John F. Kelly]] on July 28, 2017,<ref name=Baker>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html |title=Reince Priebus Pushed Out After Rocky Tenure as Trump Chief of Staff |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> and Press Secretary [[Sean Spicer]].<ref name="Keith" /> Close personal aides to Trump such as [[Steve Bannon]], [[Hope Hicks]], [[John McEntee (political aide)|John McEntee]] and [[Keith Schiller]], have quit or been forced out.<ref name=Brookings />
Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama Jeff Sessions as [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html |title=Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Lichtblau |date=2016-11-18 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> financier [[Steve Mnuchin]] as [[Secretary of the Treasury]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686 |title=Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary |date=November 30, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> retired Marine Corps general [[James Mattis]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html |title=Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> and [[ExxonMobil]] CEO [[Rex Tillerson]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html |title=Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State |date=December 12, 2016 |accessdate=December 26, 2016}}</ref> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon [[Ben Carson]] as [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |title=Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD |date=December 5, 2016 |accessdate=December 5, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html}}</ref> and South Carolina governor [[Nikki Haley]] as [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|Ambassador to the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sc-gov-nikki-haley-tapped-to-be-trumps-un-ambassador/2016/11/23/c1395cb6-b144-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador |date=November 23, 2016 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Costa |authorlink=Robert Costa (journalist)}}</ref>
Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary [[Tom Price (American politician)|Tom Price]] was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] with [[Mike Pompeo]] in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |title=The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet |last=Jones-Rooy |first=Andrea |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Brookings>{{cite news |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/ |title=Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration |date=March 16, 2018 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<ref name=Hersher-180705>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa |title=Scott Pruitt Out At EPA |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |first1=Rebecca |last1=Hersher |first2=Brett |last2=Neelyin}}</ref> while Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html |title=Ryan Zinke resigns as interior secretary amid multiple investigations |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref>
Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying that many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des |title=Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design |last=Keith |first=Tamara |date=October 12, 2017 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/ |archivedate=January 9, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/}}</ref>
=== Dismissal of James Comey ===
{{Main|Dismissal of James Comey}}
On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG [[Rod Rosenstein]],<ref name=Apuzzo>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |author2link=Matt Apuzzo |title=F.B.I. Director James Comey Is Fired by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html |accessdate=May 10, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about [[Hillary Clinton email controversy#October 2016 – Additional investigation|Hillary Clinton's emails]].<ref name=Guardian-20170509>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/09/james-comey-fbi-fired-donald-trump |title=Donald Trump fires FBI director Comey over handling of Clinton investigation |last=Smith |first=David |date=May 9, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<ref name=Barrett-20170511>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Rucker |first2=Philip |author2link=Philip Rucker |title=Trump said he was thinking of Russia controversy when he decided to fire Comey |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-fbi-director-comey-told-him-three-times-he-wasnt-under-investigation-once-in-a-phone-call-initiated-by-the-president/2017/05/11/2b384c9a-3669-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2017 |accessdate=May 12, 2017}}</ref> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<ref name=theweek-20170511>{{cite news |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing |title=President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing |date=May 11, 2017 |work=[[The Week]] |first=Becca |last=Stanek |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref>
According to a [[Comey memo]] of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor [[Michael Flynn]].<ref name="Wilber">{{cite news |last1=Wilber |first1=Del Quentin |author1link=Del Quentin Wilber |last2=Viswanatha |first2=Aruna |title=Trump Asked Comey to Drop Flynn Investigation, According to Memo Written by Former FBI Director |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-asked-comey-to-drop-flynn-investigation-according-to-memo-written-by-former-fbi-director-1494974774 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}}|date=May 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref>
In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<ref name="comeytestimony">{{cite web |last=Comey |first=James |title=Statement for the Record Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf |website=United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |publisher=United States Government |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |page=7 |date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<ref name="schmidt">{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |author2link=Adam Goldman |title=Comey to Testify Trump Pressured Him to Say He Wasn't Under Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 7, 2017}}</ref> He also asked intelligence chiefs [[Dan Coats]] and [[Michael S. Rogers|Michael Rogers]] to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<ref name=Sciutto>{{cite news |last1=Sciutto |first1=Jim |last2=Watkins |first2=Eli |title=Trump asked DNI, NSA to deny evidence of Russia collusion |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/donald-trump-intelligence-community/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<ref name=Dilanian>{{cite news |last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Windrem |first2=Robert |title=Trump Asked Top Intel Officials to Push Back Publicly on Russia Probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=May 22, 2017}}</ref> Comey eventually testified on June{{nbsp}}8 that while he was director, the FBI investigations did not target Trump himself.<ref name="comeytestimony" /><ref name=nyt-20110608>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html |title='I Was Right': As Trump Watches Comey on TV, Anxiety Yields to Relief |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |author1link=Glenn Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=June 8, 2017 |accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>
== Public profile ==
=== Approval ratings ===
{{Further|Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration}}
Presidential [[Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration|approval polls]] taken during the first ten months of Trump's term have shown him to be the least popular U.S. president in the history of modern opinion polls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.langerresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/1193a3TrumpYearLater.pdf |title=ABC News/Washington Post Poll: A year after his surprise election, 65 percent say Trump's achieved little |first=Gary |last=Langer |date=November 5, 2017 |publisher=Langer Research Associates |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/220742/trump-job-approval-slipped-third-quarter.aspx |title=Trump Job Approval Slips to 36.9% in His Third Quarter |first=Jeffrey M. |last=Jones |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |date=October 20, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/poll-trumps-performance-lags-behind-even-tepid-public-expectations/2017/11/04/35d2a912-bf4d-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html |title=Poll: Trump's performance lags behind even tepid public expectations |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 5, 2017 |last1=Balz |first1=Dan |author1link=Dan Balz |last2=Clement |first2=Scott}}</ref> A [[Pew Research Center]] global poll conducted in July 2017, found "a median of just 22 percent has confidence in Trump to do the right thing when it comes to international affairs". This compares to a median of 64 percent rate of confidence for his predecessor [[Barack Obama]]. Trump received a higher rating in only two countries: Russia and Israel.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Image Suffers as Publics Around World Question Trump's Leadership |url=https://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/26/u-s-image-suffers-as-publics-around-world-question-trumps-leadership/ |date=June 26, 2017 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |first1=Richard |last1=Wike |first2=Bruce |last2=Stokes |first3=Jacob |last3=Poushter |first4=Janell |last4=Fetterolf |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> An August 2017 ''[[Politico]]''/[[Morning Consult]] poll found on some measures "that majorities of voters have low opinions of his character and competence".<ref>{{cite news |title=Poll: Trump hits new low after Charlottesville |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/23/trump-charlottesville-polls-241917 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=August 23, 2017}}</ref> By December 2018, Trump's approval ratings, averaged over many polls, stood at roughly 42%, two points below Obama's at the same time in his presidency, and one point above [[Ronald Reagan]]'s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/trump-approval-ratings/ |title=How popular is Donald Trump? – How Trump compares with past presidents |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump's two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785 |title=Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II |first=Jessica |last=Kwong |date=January 16, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=January 25, 2019}}</ref>
Trump is the only elected president who did not place first on Gallup's poll of Americans' most admired men in his first year in office, coming in second behind Obama.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ |title=Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year |last=Bach |first=Natasha |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="gallup1678">{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx |title=Most Admired Man and Woman |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref> The Gallup poll near the end of Trump's second year in office named him the second most admired man in America{{snd}}behind Obama{{snd}}for the fourth consecutive year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/barack-and-michelle-obama-most-admired-men-women-gallup-2018-12 |title=Barack and Michelle Obama top Gallup's list of most-admired men and women in the world, trouncing the Trumps |first=Jacob |last=Shamsian |website=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=January 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="gallup1678"/>
=== False statements ===
{{Main|Veracity of statements by Donald Trump}}
As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<ref name="Qiu">{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |date=April 29, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html}}</ref><ref name="KesslerLee">{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Lee |title=President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |date=May 1, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}</ref> The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<ref name=unprecedenteduntruths>
* {{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475 |quote=It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2017 |first=Sheryl Gay |last=Stolberg |authorlink=Sheryl Gay Stolberg |title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication. |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html |quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer [[Hannah Arendt]] once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ |title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2018 |accessdate=February 20, 2019 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |quote='When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian [[Michael R. Beschloss]] said of Trump in 2018.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 6, 2017 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |title=There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself' |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html |quote=White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations{{snd}}on matters large and wincingly small{{snd}}place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's [[George C. Edwards III|George Edwards]] put it.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=December 22, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |quote='We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said [[Douglas Brinkley]], the prominent Rice University presidential historian.}}
* {{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2018 |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |title=President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html |quote=We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.}}
* {{cite web |website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] |date=2017 |first=Heidi Taksdal |last=Skjeseth |title=All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf |quote=Trump is not the first president to be at odds with the press, but the amount of lies he delivers and his aggressive attacks on and constant undermining of the legitimacy of the media, is unprecedented.}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=Donnel |title=Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference |journal=Psychoanalytic Dialogues |date=May 9, 2019 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996 |quote=Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has [[poisoned the well]] [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.}}
* {{cite news |last1=Grosz |first1=Stephen |title=The real reason Donald Trump lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e |website=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=January 9, 2019 |quote=We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era}}</ref><ref name=Glasser-180803>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first=Susan |last=Glasser |authorlink=Susan Glasser}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova>{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |authorlink=Maria Konnikova |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |website=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> This trait of his was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Finnegan |first1=Michael |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |website=[[Factcheck.org]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<ref name=Glasser-180803/>
Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="Qiu"/> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |author2link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref> By the ''Post'''s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<ref name=Kessler-190429>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/ |title=President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=April 29, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly}}</ref> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days |date=November 2, 2018 |accessdate=November 2, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 13, 2018 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}</ref> The ''Post''{{'}}s reported tally is 15,413 as of December 10, 2019, with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 16, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 15,413 false or misleading claims over 1,055 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/16/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref>
=== Racial views ===
{{Main|Racial views of Donald Trump}}
Trump has made numerous comments and taken certain actions that have been characterized as racially charged or racist both within the U.S. and abroad.<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite news |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last1=Lopez |first1=German |title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history |accessdate=June 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race |title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race |date=January 12, 2018 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}
* {{cite news |title=A history of Donald Trump's racially charged statements |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements |accessdate=October 3, 2019 |work=[[SBS News]] |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |date=July 16, 2019}}
* {{cite news |last=Dawsey |first=Josh |authorlink=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}
* {{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}
* {{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Ed |last2=Mfula |first2=Chris |title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 12, 2018 |quote=African politicians and diplomats labeled U.S. President Donald Trump a racist on Friday}}</ref> Trump has repeatedly denied he is a racist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's own words revive debate over whether he's racist |url=https://www.apnews.com/bce2dc7a054e4541bc77e2971c1bde4e/Trump%2527s-own-words-revive-debate-over-whether-he%2527s-racist |website=[[AP News]] |first=Julie |last=Pace |date=January 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump denies being a racist after 'shithole' row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42685356 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=January 15, 2018 |accessdate=January 15, 2018}}</ref> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his general rejection of [[political correctness]], while others accept it simply because they share such beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/ |title=Poll: Majority of Trump Voters Say His Political Correctness Is 'About Right' |last=Nichols |first=Laura |date=June 29, 2017 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Morning Consult]]}}</ref><ref name="nation-20170508">{{cite news |title=Economic Anxiety Didn't Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=May 8, 2017 |first1=Sean |last1=McElwee |first2=Jason |last2=McDaniel}}</ref>
Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<ref name="nation-20170508" /><ref name="vox-20171215">{{cite news |title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study |accessdate=January 14, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=December 15, 2017 |first=German |last=Lopez}}</ref> In a June 2018 [[Quinnipiac University]] poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<ref name="Marcin">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434 |title=44 Percent Of White Americans Think Donald Trump Is Racist, New Poll Finds |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<ref name="Quinnipiac-180703">{{cite web |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554 |title=Harsh Words For U.S. Family Separation Policy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Have Dim View Of Trump, Dems On Immigration |website=[[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] |date=July 3, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref> Trump has asserted "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him |title=As Trump denies racism, most Americans don't believe him |date=August 1, 2019 |website=[[MSNBC]] |first=Steve |last=Benen}}</ref>
In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<ref name="Mahler">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html |title='No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 27, 2016 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |last1=Mahler |first1=Jonathan |last2=Eder |first2=Steve}}</ref> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [[Central Park jogger case]], even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ransom |first1=Jan |title=Trump Will Not Apologize for Calling for Death Penalty Over Central Park Five |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html |accessdate=June 29, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|"birther" conspiracy theories]] alleging that [[Barack Obama]], the first black U.S. president, was born in Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leave the US, Trump tells liberal congresswomen of color |url=https://www.apnews.com/728ada1e918a482c9e9b1f3e24937caa |accessdate=July 14, 2019 |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Calvin |last2=Woodward}}</ref> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pushing the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later said his stance had made him "very popular".<ref name="Madison27April">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |last=Madison |first=Lucy |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |website=[[ABC News]] |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S.<ref name="nyt-drops">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref>
According to an analysis in ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author1link=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=March 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737}}</ref> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for saying Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie|last=Reilly|title=Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico |url=https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five Insults Donald Trump Has Fired At Mexicans In The Presidential Race |url=https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding [[Trump University]] were also criticized as racist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html |title=Paul Ryan Calls Donald Trump's Attack on Judge 'Racist', but Still Backs Him |date=June 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Jennifer |last1=Steinhauer |author1link=Jennifer Steinhauer |first2=Jonathan |last2=Martin |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |first3=David M. |last3=Herszenhorn |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm|thumb|start=07:19|Trump makes a statement (begins at 7:20 into the video) on the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville]]
Trump's comments in reaction to the [[Unite the Right rally|2017 Charlottesville far-right rally]] were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between [[white supremacist]] marchers and counter-protesters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html |title=Trump: 'Both sides' to blame for Charlottesville |last=Merica |first=Dan |date=August 26, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
In a January 2018 [[Oval Office]] meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<ref name="zack">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism |title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=January 11, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark |title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark |date=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Patrick |last1=Wintour |author1link=Patrick Wintour |first2=Jason |last2=Burke |author2link=Jason Burke |first3=Anna |last3=Livsey |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress{{snd}}all of whom are women of color and three of whom are native-born Americans{{snd}}should "go back" to the countries they [[Go back where you came from|came from]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Katie |last1=Rogers |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump Tells Congresswomen to 'Go Back' to the Countries They Came From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html}}</ref> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci |title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=July 17, 2019}}</ref> [[White nationalist]] publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html |title=Trump said 'many people agree' with his racist tweets. These white supremacists certainly do. |last1=Simon |first1=Mallory |last2=Sidner |first2=Sara |author2link=Sara Sidner |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
=== Allegations of sexual misconduct ===
{{Main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape}}
Twenty-two women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct {{as of|2019|06|lc=y}}. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=McGann |first2=Laura |title=E. Jean Carroll joins at least 21 other women in publicly accusing Trump of sexual assault or misconduct |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/12/media/new-york-times-donald-trump-lawsuit-threat/ |title=Donald Trump threatens to sue New York Times over sexual harassment report |last=Byers |first=Dylan |authorlink=Dylan Byers |date=October 12, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref><ref name="Fox Trump demands retraction">{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/10/13/trump-demands-nyt-retracts-libelous-article-about-alleged-assault-as-new-claims-emerge.html |title=Trump demands NYT retracts 'libelous article' about alleged assault as new claims emerge |date=October 13, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears' |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=October 13, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref>
In October 2016, two days before the [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]], a 2005 recording surfaced in which Trump was recorded bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-surrogates-have-their-own-baggage-women-voters-n673056 |title=Donald Trump Surrogates Have Their Own Baggage With Women Voters |last=Sakuma |first=Amanda |date=October 26, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]] |quote=...{{nbsp}}newly unearthed audio recordings showed Trump bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/10/14/more-women-accuse-donald-trump-aggressive-sexual-behavior/Dq1F8bLwre4dOAgEeFazxN/story.html |title=More women accuse Trump of aggressive sexual behavior |last=Jan |first=Tracy |date=October 14, 2016 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |quote=Trump has been confronted with a slew of allegations of sexual misconduct over the past week, starting with a ''Washington Post'' report of a 2005 tape featuring him bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/09/us-election-donald-trump-calls-republican-leaders-traitors-and-h/ |title=US presidential debate recap: Polls split on whether Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton won poisonous argument |date=October 13, 2016 |last1=Lawler |first1=David |last2=Henderson |first2=Barney |last3=Allen |first3=Nick |last4=Sherlock |first4=Ruth |quote=... it was a matter of minutes before the lewd tape, in which Mr. Trump brags about 'grabbing p----' and forcibly kissing women, was brought up. |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> The [[Microphone gaffe|hot mic]] recording was captured on a studio bus in which Trump and [[Billy Bush]] were preparing to film an episode of ''[[Access Hollywood]]''. In the tape, Trump said: "I just start kissing them ... I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the pussy."<ref name=NBC080716>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 10, 2018}}</ref> During the recording, Trump also spoke of his efforts to seduce a married woman, saying he "moved on her very heavily".<ref name=NBC080716 />
Trump's language on the tape has been described as vulgar, sexist, and descriptive of [[sexual assault]]. The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author1link=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author3link=Jonathan Martin (journalist)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html |title=Donald Trump's vulgar conversation about women caught on hot mic |last=Jensen |first=Salvatore |date=October 8, 2016 |work=Cosumnes Connection |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009190958/https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html |archivedate=October 9, 2016}}</ref> and caused outrage across the political spectrum,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach |title=Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach' |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fox59.com/2016/10/08/pence-to-fill-in-for-donald-trump-saturday-following-video-leak/ |title=Pence to fill in for Donald Trump Saturday following video leak |last=Stacey |first=Madison |date=October 8, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |publisher=[[WXIN-TV]] |location=Indianapolis, Indiana}}</ref> resulting in a group of GOP senators and representatives withdrawing their support for his candidacy, some requesting that he step aside.<ref name="The New York Times 2016">{{cite news |title=Lewd Donald Trump Tape Is a Breaking Point for Many in the G.O.P. |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 9, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html |access-date=June 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/ |title=Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=October 8, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref> In addition to the two women who had previously alleged sexual misconduct against Trump, fifteen more came forward in 2016, during the aftermath of the tape's release with new accusations of sexual misconduct, including unwanted kissing and groping.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-growing-list-of-women-who-have-stepped-forward-to-accuse-trump-of-touching-them-inappropriately/2016/10/15/a65ddf1c-92df-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html |title=The growing list of women who have stepped forward to accuse Trump of touching them inappropriately |last=Helderman |first=Rosalind S. |authorlink=Rosalind Helderman |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate= |date=October 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-153559631.html |title=The women who have accused Donald Trump |last=Stableford |first=Dylan |date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |accessdate=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Vox">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/10/13/13269448/trump-sexual-assault-allegations |title=A brief guide to the 17 women Trump has allegedly assaulted, groped or harassed |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=Frostenson |first2=Sarah |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 21, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> Trump publicly apologized for his inappropriate boasting on the tape but also defended it as "locker room talk",<ref name="The New York Times 2017">{{cite news |title='Access Hollywood' Reminds Trump: 'The Tape Is Very Real' |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 28, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/us/politics/donald-trump-tape.html |access-date=June 24, 2019 |first=Daniel |last=Victor}}</ref> and instead deflected his actions by asserting allegations of inappropriate behavior by Bill and Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-defends-lewd-2005-conversation-about-women-as-locker-room-banter/ |title="I never said I'm a perfect person," Trump says about lewd comments |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=December 11, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
=== Allegations of inciting violence ===
Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |title=Analysis | Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Ayal |last1=Feinberg |first2=Regina |last2=Branton |first3=Valerie |last3=Martinez-Ebers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |last1=Rushin |first1=Stephen |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffin Sims |date=January 14, 2018 |title=The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes |ssrn=3102652}}</ref> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/ |title=Donald Trump Tells Crowd To "Knock the Crap Out Of" Hecklers |last=White |first=Daniel |date=February 1, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana |title=Trump Thinks It's Totally Cool That A Congressman Assaulted A Journalist For Asking A Question |last=Koerner |first=Claudia |date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo |title=Trump's "Rhetoric" Inspired This Man To Assault A 13-Year-Old For Wearing A Hat During The Anthem, His Lawyer Said |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 36 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |date=August 14, 2019 |first=Mike |last=Levine |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref>
=== Relationship with the press ===
{{Further|Presidency of Donald Trump#Relationship with the media}}
[[File:President Trump's First 100 Days- 45 (33573172373).jpg|thumb|Trump talking to the press, March 2017]]
Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<ref name=Parnes>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with the press |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Parnes |first=Amy}}</ref><ref name=Ingram-160301>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/ |title=Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Ingram |first=Mathew}}</ref><ref name=AN-170124>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies |website=[[Arab News]] |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |first=Ben |last=Flanagan}}</ref> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<ref name=Dantonio-160710>{{cite interview |title=Who is Donald Trump? |date=July 10, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html}}</ref> Fox News anchor [[Bret Baier]] and former House speaker [[Paul Ryan]] have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/ |title=Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself |date=July 24, 2018 |first=Josh |last=Feldman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html |title=This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends |first=Mark |last=Leibovich |authorlink=Mark Leibovich |date=August 7, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<ref name=Walsh-160724 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bondarenko |first=Veronika |title=Trump keeps saying 'enemy of the people' – but the phrase has a very ugly history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-president-trumps-phrase-an-enemy-of-the-people-2017-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614/> ''New York Times'' writer [[Amy Chozick]] wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance. To answer the question of why the U.S. public could not stop being enthralled by his actions, she wrote "Even in the so-called golden age of TV, Mr. Trump hasn't just dominated water-cooler conversation; he's sucked the water right out, making all other entertainment from N.F.L. games to awards shows pale in comparison."<ref name="ChozickNYT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html |title=Why Trump Will Win a Second Term |last=Chozick |first=Amy |authorlink=Amy Chozick |date=September 29, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> Chozick quoted [[Brent Montgomery]], the creator of the reality TV show ''[[Pawn Stars]]'', saying "Part of what he's doing that makes it feel like a reality show is that he is feeding you something every night. You can't afford to miss one episode or you're left behind."<ref name="ChozickNYT"/>
After winning the election, Trump told journalist [[Lesley Stahl]] he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |title='60 Minutes' correspondent: Trump said he attacks the press so no one believes negative coverage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 23, 2018}}</ref> Into his presidency, Trump has described negative media coverage as "fake news".<ref name=Bump-180509>{{cite news |title=Trump makes it explicit: Negative coverage of him is fake coverage |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 9, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/09/trump-makes-it-explicit-negative-coverage-of-him-is-fake-coverage/ |last=Bump |first=Philip |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html |title=Trump's latest shot at the press corps: 'Take away credentials?' |first1=Brian |last1=Stelter |author1link=Brian Stelter |first2=Kaitlan |last2=Collins |author2link=Kaitlan Collins |website=[[CNN Money]] |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/20/as-a-foreign-reporter-visiting-the-us-i-was-stunned-by-trumps-press-conference |title=As a foreign reporter visiting the US I was stunned by Trump's press conference |last=Taylor |first=Lenore |authorlink=Lenore Taylor |date=September 20, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The Trump White House held about 100 formal press briefings during 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two during 2019.<ref name="auto2"/>
=== Popular culture ===
{{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture|Donald Trump in music}}
Trump has been the subject of comedians, [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on [[Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump|''Saturday Night Live'']] by [[Phil Hartman]], [[Darrell Hammond]], and [[Alec Baldwin]], and in ''[[South Park]]'' as [[Mr. Garrison]]. ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart to the Future]]", written during his [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000|2000 campaign for the Reform party]], anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called ''[[The President Show]]'' debuted in April 2017 on [[Comedy Central]], while another one called ''[[Our Cartoon President]]'' debuted on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/ |title='Donald Trump' Gets a Comedy Central Series |first=Megan |last=Garber |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 3, 2017 |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref>
Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of [[hip-hop]] lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<ref name=538-hiphop /><ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU |title=25 years of Donald Trump mentions in hip hop |via=YouTube |author=mantolius |date=February 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<ref name=538-hiphop>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics |title=Hip-Hop Is Turning On Donald Trump |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=July 14, 2016 |first=Allison |last=McCann}}</ref>
On December 30, 2019, the New Yorker reported that a [[neologism]] coined in Germany, ''Trumpschmerz'', translated as pain associated with Trump, had been named the 2019 German "Word of the Year".<ref>Glasser, Susan B., ''Our Year of Trumpschmerz'', December 30, 2019</ref>
=== Social media ===
{{Main|Donald Trump on social media}}
Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined [[Twitter]] in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter: Most Followers |url=https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526182436/https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |archivedate=May 26, 2019 |accessdate=May 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<ref name="federalist-sidelining">{{cite web |url=https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/ |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Use Is Key To Sidelining The Press |first=Dustin |last=Steeve |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<ref name="NYT-20170427">{{cite news |last=Qui |first=Linda |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WP-20170501">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Lee |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |title=Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CT-20170624">{{cite news |last1=Drinkard |first1=Jim |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |title=Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref>
=== Recognition ===
{{Further|List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump}}
In 1983, Trump received the [[Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award]], after he helped fund the building of two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-inside-donald-trump-s-history-of-donations-in-israel-1.5469673 |title=Inside Donald Trump's History of Donations in Israel |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Judy |last=Maltz |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|first=Judy|last=Maltz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499|title=Trump Once Helped Finance Resettlement of Israelis Evacuated From Sinai|date=May 4, 2017|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> In 1986, he received the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/ |title=Did Donald Trump Receive an Ellis Island Award in 1986? |first=Dan |last=Evon |date=September 5, 2016|website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the [[Freedoms Foundation]] for his support of youth programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ |title=Trump to be honored for working with youths |date=May 25, 1995 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> He received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.walkoffame.com/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump {{!}} Hollywood Walk of Fame |website=www.walkoffame.com |access-date=September 6, 2019 |publisher=[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]}}</ref> and was inducted into the [[WWE Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwe.com/videos/donald-trump-cements-his-wwe-legacy-2013-wwe-hall-of-fame-induction-ceremony |title=Donald Trump cements his WWE legacy: 2013 WWE Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony |year=2013 |website=[[WWE]]}}</ref> [[Liberty University]] awarded Trump an honorary Doctorate of Business in 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182 |title=Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty's growth |date=September 24, 2012 |website=[[Liberty University]] |first=Mitzi |last=Bible}}</ref> and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 2017, during his first college commencement speech as president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=234393 |title=LU confers seven honorary doctorates to world changers, including President Trump – Liberty University |website=www.liberty.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/ |title=Watch Donald Trump's First Commencement Speech as President |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, [[Robert Gordon University]] revoked the honorary Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) they had granted him in 2010, stating that "Mr. Trump has made a number of statements that are wholly incompatible with the ethos and values of the university."<ref name="Scot">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump: Robert Gordon University strips honorary degree |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-35054360 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2015 |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2016, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Trump as its "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]",<ref name=PersonYear>{{cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |authorlink=Nancy Gibbs |title=Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/ |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Eun Kyung |title=Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state |url=https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685 |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, he was named ''[[Financial Times]]'' [[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]<ref name="FT 2016">{{cite news |last=Luce |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Luce |title=FT Person of the Year: Donald Trump |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a |accessdate=December 17, 2017 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> and was ranked by ''[[Forbes]]'' the [[Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People|second most powerful person in the world]] after [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful People |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/ |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |date=December 2016 |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> As president, Trump received the [[Order of King Abdulaziz|Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]] from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html |title=Donald Trump awarded with Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour within hours of landing in the country |last1=Wilts |first1=Alexandra |date=May 20, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 20, 2017}}</ref>
== Investigations ==
{{Further2|Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia ([[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2017)|2017]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)|January–June 2018]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)|July–December 2018]] and [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)|2019]])}}
The [[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]] FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his [[The Trump Organization|private businesses]], personal taxes, and [[Donald J. Trump Foundation|charitable foundation]].<ref name="AP2018-12-16">{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Calvin |last2=Pace |first2=Julie |title=Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency |url=https://apnews.com/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a |accessdate=December 19, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<ref name="NYT_Inv">{{cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Yourish |first2=Karen |title=Tracking 29 Investigations Related to Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 23, 2019}}</ref>
=== Hush payments ===
{{Main|Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal}}
{{See also|Legal affairs of Donald Trump#Payments related to alleged affairs|Karen McDougal#Alleged affair with Donald Trump}}
[[American Media, Inc.]] (AMI) paid $150,000 to ''[[Playboy]]'' model [[Karen McDougal]] in August 2016,<ref name="WSJT">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/national-enquirer-shielded-donald-trump-from-playboy-models-affair-allegation-1478309380 |title=National Enquirer Shielded Donald Trump From Playboy Model's Affair Allegation |last1=Palazzolo |first1=Joe |last2=Rothfeld |first2=Michael |last3=Alpert |first3=Lukas |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=February 17, 2018}}</ref> and Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] paid $130,000 to [[Pornographic film actor|adult film actress]] [[Stormy Daniels]] in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43334326 |title=Why the Stormy Daniels-Donald Trump story matters |last=Luckhurst |first=Toby |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref> Both women were paid for [[non-disclosure agreement]]s regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/08/21/how-the-campaign-finance-charges-against-michael-cohen-may-implicate-trump |title=How the campaign finance charges against Michael Cohen implicate Trump |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Philip |last=Bump |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged the payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/74aaf72511d64fceb1d64529207bde64 |title=Cohen pleads guilty, implicates Trump in hush-money scheme |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Hays |first2=Tom |date=August 22, 2018 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election/ |title=National Enquirer owner admits to paying off Playboy model to protect Trump |last1=Watson |first1=Kathyn |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<ref name="Nelson">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-stormy-daniels-payment-444133 |title=White House on Stormy Daniels: Trump 'denied all these allegations' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=March 7, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/22/trump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html |title=Trump insists he learned of Michael Cohen payments 'later on', in 'Fox & Friends' exclusive |last=Singman |first=Brooke |accessdate=August 23, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |date=August 22, 2018}}</ref> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen/2018/12/07/e144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html |title=Court filings directly implicate Trump in efforts to buy women's silence, reveal new contact between inner circle and Russian |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |date=December 7, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D |title=FBI documents point to Trump role in hush money for porn star Daniels |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |last2=Stempel |first2=Jonathan |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 18, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a |title=Records detail frenetic effort to bury stories about Trump |last1=Mustian |first1=Jim |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> The closure of the federal investigation into the matter was announced in July 2019,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/17/feds-end-probe-of-hush-money-that-trump-ex-lawyer-michael-cohen-directed.html |title=Feds end probe of hush money that Trump lawyer Michael Cohen directed to Stormy Daniels, Karen McDougal |first1=Kevin |last1=Breuninger |first2=Dan |last2=Mangan |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 17, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> but days later the [[Manhattan District Attorney]] subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html |title=Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money |first1=Ben |last1=Protess |first2=William K. |last2=Rashbaum |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 16, 2019 |first1=William K. |last1=Rashbaum |first2=Ben |last2=Protess |title=8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html}}</ref>
=== Russian interference ===
{{Main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Foreign electoral intervention}}
{{See also|Links between Trump associates and Russian officials|Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
In January 2017, American intelligence agencies{{snd}}the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and the [[National Security Agency|NSA]], represented by the [[Director of National Intelligence]]{{snd}}jointly stated with "[[Analytic confidence#Levels of analytic confidence in national security reports|high confidence]]" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html |title=Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |authorlink=Matthew Rosenberg |date=July 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Declassified Report">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 8, 2017 |page=ii |quote=We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.}}</ref> In March 2017, FBI Director [[James Comey]] told Congress that "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/ |title=It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia |last=Berman |first=Russell |date=March 20, 2017 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=June 7, 2017}}</ref>
The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack |title=Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |date=December 13, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/03/the-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia/ |title=The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 3, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref> One of Trump's campaign managers, [[Paul Manafort]], had worked for several years to help pro-Russian politician [[Viktor Yanukovych]] win the Ukrainian presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/19/paul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained/ |title=Paul Manafort's complicated ties to Ukraine, explained |last=Phillips |first=Amber |date=August 19, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor [[Michael T. Flynn]] and political consultant [[Roger Stone]], have been connected to Russian officials.<ref name="many">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |title=Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia |last=Nesbit |first=Jeff |date=August 15, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=February 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/us/roger-stone-donald-trump-russia.html |title=Roger Stone, the 'Trickster' on Trump's Side, Is Under F.B.I. Scrutiny |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=March 21, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump |title=NYT: Russians discussed using Manafort, Flynn to influence Trump |last=Williams |first=Katie Bo |date=May 24, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>
Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106 |title=Exclusive: Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians: sources |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |last3=Strobel |first3=Warren |date=May 18, 2017 |accessdate=May 19, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]] about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Trump later fired Flynn for falsely claiming he had not discussed the sanctions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/13/politics/michael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser/ |title=Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts |last1=Murray |first1=Sara |author1link=Sara Murray (journalist) |last2=Borger |first2=Gloria |author2link=Gloria Borger |last3=Diamond |first3=Jeremy |author3link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=February 14, 2017 |accessdate=March 2, 2017 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reported that Trump had told [[Sergei Lavrov]] and Sergey Kislyak in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |title=Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |author1link=Shane Harris |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |author3link=Ellen Nakashima}}</ref>
Trump and his allies have promoted [[Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal|a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election]], which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to [[Frameup|frame]] Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html |title=Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says |first1=Julian E. |last1=Barnes |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |author2link=Matthew Rosenberg |date=November 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
=== Special counsel investigation ===
{{Main|Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|Mueller Report|Barr letter}}
On May 17, 2017, former [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]] appointed [[Robert Mueller]], a former [[director of the FBI]], to serve as [[special counsel]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation", taking over the existing FBI investigation into the matter.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |last=Rosenstein |first=Rod |date=May 17, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 18, 2017}}</ref> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's dismissal of James Comey as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<ref name=Vitkovskaya>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/ |title=Trump Is Officially under Investigation. How Did We Get Here? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Vitkovskaya |first=Julie |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=June 16, 2017 |quote=Trump is officially under investigation{{nbsp}}... Special counsel investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice ... The president is being investigated ...}}</ref> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=Analysis {{!}} Trump and the White House have denied Russian collusion more than 140 times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Turkey]], [[Qatar]], [[Israel]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |authorlink=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions{{snd}}in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018{{snd}}and close the investigation, but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author1link=Maggie Haberman |last2=Schmidt |first2=Michael S. |author2link=Michael S. Schmidt |title=Trump Sought to Fire Mueller in December |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> He tried repeatedly to get former Attorney General Jeff Sessions to withdraw his recusal regarding Russia matters, believing Sessions would then put an end to the special counsel investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100 |title=Trump to Sessions: Shut down Russia probe |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |date=August 1, 2018 |website=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018}}</ref>
On March 22, 2019, the special counsel concluded his investigation and gave his report to Attorney General [[William Barr]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html |title=Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 22, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> On March 24, Barr sent a [[Barr letter|four-page letter]] to Congress summarizing what he said were the "principal conclusions" in the report. He said the report did not conclude the President had committed any crimes, although it did not exonerate him for obstruction of justice.<ref name=Pramuk>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |first1=Jacob |last1=Pramuk |first2=Spencer |last2=Kimball |date=March 24, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Barr wrote on March 24 that given his authority to decide whether Trump had committed a crime, he and Rosenstein felt there was insufficient evidence to establish obstruction by Trump.<ref name=Pramuk/> Trump interpreted Mueller's report a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-47687956/mueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump |title=Mueller report a 'complete exoneration' – Donald Trump |date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said and there was now "public confusion".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html |title=Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |date=April 30, 2019 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref> Some legal analysts said Barr's description of the report's contents was misleading.<ref name="testcomm2">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/19/mueller-report-analysis-legal-experts-226662 |title=The Surprises in the Mueller Report |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
A redacted version of the final [[Mueller Report]] was released to the public on April 18, 2019, with the first volume finding that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<ref name=AFPpoints>{{cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]] |accessdate=April 20, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archivedate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{cite news |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite news |last=Law |first=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |date=April 18, 2019 |url=http://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref> The evidence was incomplete due to encrypted, deleted, or unsaved communications as well as false, incomplete, or declined testimony.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/mueller-report-says-messaging-apps-likely-destroyed-trump-russia-evidence |title=Mueller says messaging apps likely destroyed Trump-Russia evidence |first=Gopal |last=Ratnam |date=April 19, 2019 |work=[[Roll Call]]}}</ref> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and details how Trump and his campaign "welcomed and encouraged" Russian foreign interference under the belief that they would politically benefit.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=March 2019 |first=Robert S. III |last=Mueller |title=Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election |quote=The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. |url=https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/mueller/590467/ |title=What The Mueller Report Actually Said |last=Frum |first=David |authorlink=David Frum |date=May 29, 2019 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/mueller-report-russians-meddling-2016-election-sought-help-retweets-team-n996051 |title=Mueller report: Russians charged with disrupting 2016 election sought help, retweets from team Trump |last=Timm |first=Jane |date=April 18, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/trump-campaign-won-t-commit-staying-away-hacked-material-n998156 |title=Trump campaign won't commit to staying away from hacked material |last=Alba |first=Monica |date=April 24, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4810133/mueller-schiff-detail-trumps-collusion-russia-subsequent-efforts-cover-up |title=Mueller Testimony Clip: Trump and His Campaign Welcomed and Encouraged Russian Foreign Interference |date=July 25, 2019 |website=[[C-SPAN]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<ref name="WaPoLays">{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |title=Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 17, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The report did not exonerate him of obstruction, saying investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<ref name="FactCheck11">{{Cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/04/what-the-mueller-report-says-about-obstruction/ |title=What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |last3=Gore |first3=D'Angelo |last4=Spencer |first4=Saranac Hale |last5=Fichera |first5=Angelo |last6=McDonald |first6=Jessica |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an [[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/robert-mueller-statement-today-report-investigation-trump-2016-election-live-updates-2019-05/ |title=Mueller: If it were clear president committed no crime, "we would have said so" |last=Segers |first=Grace |date=May 29, 2019 |work=CBS News |accessdate=June 2, 2019}}</ref> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<ref name=APdilemma>{{cite news |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |title=Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress |url=https://www.apnews.com/35829a2b010248f193d1efd00c4de7e5 |website=[[AP News]] |date=April 18, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref>
=== Associates ===
{{see also|Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)}}
On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman [[Paul Manafort]] was [[Trials of Paul Manafort|convicted]] on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html |title=Manafort convicted on eight counts; mistrial declared on ten others |last=Zapotosky |first=Matt |last2=Bui |first2=Lynh |last3=Jackman |first3=Tom |last4=Barrett |first4=Devlin |date=August 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to [[Rudy Giuliani]], Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<ref name="Leonnig823">{{cite news |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |author1link=Carol D. Leonnig |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |author2link=Josh Dawsey |date=August 23, 2018 |title=Trump sought his lawyers' advice weeks ago on possibility of pardoning Manafort, Giuliani says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says/2018/08/23/17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2018}}</ref>
On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build [[Trump Tower Moscow|a Trump Tower in Moscow]]. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html |title=Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project |date=November 29, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |first3=Rosalind S. |last3=Helderman |author3link=Rosalind Helderman |accessdate=December 12, 2018}}</ref>
The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], foreign policy advisor [[George Papadopoulos]], Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mangan |first=Dan |title=Trump and Giuliani are right that 'collusion is not a crime.' But that doesn't matter for Mueller's probe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=<!-- staff writers; no byline --> |title=Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> On January 25, 2019, Trump adviser [[Roger Stone]] was arrested at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and indicted on seven criminal charges;<ref name=Mazzetti-190125>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html |title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2019 |accessdate=January 25, 2019 |first1=Mark |last1=Mazzetti |author1link=Mark Mazzetti |first2=Eileen |last2=Sullivan |author2link=Eileen Sullivan |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> he was convicted in November of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/us/politics/roger-stone-trial-guilty.html |title=Roger Stone Is Convicted of Impeding Investigators in a Bid to Protect Trump |last1=LaFraniere |first1=Sharon }author1link=Sharon LaFraniere |last2=Montague |first2=Zach |date=November 15, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 20, 2019}}</ref>
=== 2019 congressional investigation ===
In March 2019, the [[House Judiciary Committee]] launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html |title=House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Committee chairman [[Jerrold Nadler]] sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html |title=US: House panel to widen Trump probe, request documents |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="Fandos-190304">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html |title=With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |date=March 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos}}</ref> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<ref name="Fandos-190304" /> The White House refused to comply with that request, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html |title=White House rejects Dem requests for info on Putin communications |last1=Herb |first1=Jeremy |date=March 21, 2019 |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |author2link=Pamela Brown (journalist)}}</ref>
=== Impeachment ===
{{Main|Impeachment of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
{{Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |title='Reluctant impeachment': Will Pelosi ever be swayed to go there? |first=Lindsey |last=McPherson |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go |work=[[Roll Call]] |date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019, but this number grew, after the Mueller Report was released in April and after special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, to around 140 representatives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=The most important number in the impeachment fight keeps getting smaller |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/most-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
In September 2019, a revelation emerged that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] to investigate Democratic presidential candidate [[Joe Biden]] and his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |title=Ukraine to Review Criminal Case on Owner of Firm Linked to Biden's Son |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 4, 2019}}</ref> In response, House speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] initiated [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|a formal impeachment inquiry]] on September 24.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2019 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Costa |first3=Robert |author3link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump deflects and defies as Democrats speed up impeachment strategy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-deflects-and-defies-as-democrats-speed-up-impeachment-strategy/2019/09/25/d73de84a-dfc9-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |accessdate=September 26, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The Trump administration subsequently released a non-verbatim transcript of a July phone call between Trump and Zelensky, confirming that after Zelensky discussed the possibility of buying American anti-tank missiles to defend Ukraine, Trump then asked Zelensky to look into investigating the Bidens, and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Santucci |first1=John |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |last3=Thomas |first3=Pierre |author3link=Pierre Thomas (journalist) |last4=Faulders |first4=Katherine |title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> According to the testimony of multiple White House officials, the events were a part of a broader pressure campaign to further Trump's "personal interests" by abusing the power of the presidency.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2019/09/24/whistleblower-complaint/assets/amp.html |title=Newsgraphics: Read The Whistleblower Complaint |date=September 24, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<ref name="Zelensky Pressure">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5686305/zelensky-ukraine-denies-trump-pressure/ |title='Nobody Pushed Me.' Ukrainian President Denies Trump Pressured Him to Investigate Biden's Son |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=November 20, 2019 |first=Tara |last=Law |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
The impeachment inquiry came in the wake of a [[Whistleblower protection in the United States|whistleblower]] complaint alleging abuse of power involving the Trump-Zelensky call, as well as other allegations: that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a [[cover-up]], and that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration to urge Ukraine to investigate the Bidens. The whistleblower further alleged that the pressure campaign may have included Trump's canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip, and Trump's withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html |title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Marshall |last1=Cohen |first2=Katelyn |last2=Polantz |first3=David |last3=Shortell}}</ref> Trump confirmed he had indeed temporarily withheld military aid from Ukraine, while offering contradicting reasons for his decision.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forgey |first1=Quint |title=Trump changes story on withholding Ukraine aid |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/24/donald-trump-ukraine-military-aid-1509070 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |date=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Wagner |first2=Felicia |last2=Sonmez |first3=Colby |last3=Itkowitz |title=Live updates: Top Democrat warns White House 'we're not fooling around' on impeachment inquiry |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-impeachment-whistleblower/2019/10/02/80df829a-e494-11e9-b403-f738899982d2_story.html |accessdate=October 2, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, [[William B. Taylor Jr.|William Taylor]], the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine|chargé d'affaires for Ukraine]], testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. The goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/trump-impeachment-ukraine.html |title=Ukraine Envoy Testifies Trump Linked Military Aid to Investigations, Lawmaker Says |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Fandos |first2=Nicholas |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not give Zelensky a coveted invitation to the White House.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/politics/william-taylor-testimony.html |title=6 Key Revelations of Taylor's Opening Statement to Impeachment Investigators |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/22/william-taylor-ukraine-testimony-trump-054259 |title=William Taylor testifies about deep-seated push for Ukraine quid pro quo |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |author1link=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |last2=Desiderio |first2=Andrew |date=October 22, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref>
As part of the impeachment inquiry, the House Judiciary Committee asked to see secret grand jury information which had been used in compiling the Mueller Report. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) refused to turn it over, arguing that secrecy of grand jury material must be preserved and that the impeachment inquiry was invalid. On October 25, 2019, federal judge [[Beryl A. Howell]] ruled that the inquiry is valid and that the DOJ must forward the information to the committee within the week.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/25/judge-orders-release-of-mueller-material-citing-impeachment-chance.html |title=Judge calls Trump impeachment probe legal, says House must get Mueller grand jury information |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=October 25, 2019 |work=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=October 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Charlie |author1link=Charlie Savage |last2=Cochrane |first2=Emily |title=Impeachment Inquiry Is Legal, Judge Rules, Giving Democrats a Victory |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/us/politics/house-impeachment-subpoenas.html |accessdate=October 25, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 25, 2019}}</ref> On October 31, the House passed a resolution, by a 232–196 vote, establishing rules for the next phase of the impeachment inquiry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry-house-vote.html |title=How Each House Member Voted on Rules for the Trump Impeachment Inquiry |last=Cai |first=Weiyi |last2=Daniel |first2=Annie |last3=Lee |first3=Jasmine C. |last4=Lu |first4=Denise |last5=Migliozzi |first5=Blacki |last6=Parlapiano |first6=Alicia |last7=Patel |first7=Jugal K. |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/house-impeachment-vote.html |title=A Divided House Endorses Impeachment Inquiry Into Trump |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref>
On December 3, 2019, the [[House Intelligence Committee]] published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report stated that Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |first3=Zeke |last3=Miller |first4=Colleen |last4=Long |first5=Eric |last5=Tucker |first6=Jill |last6=Colvin |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title=House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment |url=https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/ |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiland |first1=Noah |title=Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Intel-Report">{{Cite web|url=https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf|title=Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs|last=House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|date=December 3, 2019|website=U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref>{{Rp|8,208}} The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/02/house-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry/2590245001/ |title=House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump's dealings with Ukraine |work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019 |first1=Bart |last1=Jansen |first2=Christal |last2=Hayes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784183484/read-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry |title= Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry |work=[[NPR]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<ref name = Siegel>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093|last1=Siegel|first1=Benjamin|last2=Faulders|first2=Katherine|title=House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump|date=December 13, 2019|work=ABC News|accessdate=December 13, 2019}}</ref> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |title=Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196 |accessdate=December 18, 2019 |work=NBC News |date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
=== Works cited ===
<!-- This section is ONLY for books that are cited in footnotes of this Wikipedia article. -->
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |authorlink=Wayne Barrett |publisher=[[Harper Collins]] |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1992 |edition=First Regan Art Paperback |isbn=978-1-682450-79-6 |ref=harv}} Paperback title: ''The greatest show on Earth{{snd}}The deals, the downfall, the reinvention''.
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ |title=Donald Trump: The Candidate |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015a |isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015b|orig-year=First published 2001 |isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989 |last=Gallup |first=George Jr. |authorlink=George Gallup Jr. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xjp3R1PqO4C |title=Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-471-23865-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President |last1=Kranish |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Kranish |last2=Fisher |first2=Marc |author2link=Marc Fisher |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2017 |orig-year=First published 2016 |isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6 |ref=harv |title-link=Trump Revealed}}
* {{cite book |title=Trumped! |last1=O'Donnell |first1=John R. |last2=Rutherford |first2=James |publisher=Crossroad Press Trade Edition |year=1991 |orig-year=First published 1991 |isbn=978-1946025-26-5 |ref=harv |title-link=Trumped! (book)}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC |title=Trump: The Art of the Deal |first1=Donald J. |last1=Trump |first2=Tony |last2=Schwartz |author2link=Tony Schwartz (author) |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2009 |orig-year=First published 1987 |isbn=978-0-446-35325-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC |title=Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV |last=Wooten |first=Sara |publisher=[[Enslow Publishers]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTB6Ip_FW-UC |title=Taming the Beast: Wall Street's Imperfect Answers to Making Money |last=Light |first=Larry |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-118-08420-5}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Library resources box|by=yes}}
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* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump President Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov]
* [https://twitter.com/POTUS President Trump] on Twitter (professional)
* [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump Donald Trump] on Twitter (personal)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->
* {{Facebook}}
* [https://www.donaldjtrump.com/ Donald J. Trump for President campaign website]
* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230 Donald Trump] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* [https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump "Donald Trump collected news and commentary"]. ''The New York Times''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159 "Donald Trump collected news and commentary"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.
* [https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump Donald Trump appearances] on [[C-SPAN]]
* [https://archive.org/details/trumparchive Donald Trump] on the [[Internet Archive]]
* [https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump Talking About Donald Trump] at [[The Interviews: An Oral History of Television]]
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[[Category:Writers from New York City]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,269 +1,911 @@
-{{short description|American actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}
-{{Infobox person
-| name = Corbin Allred
-| image =
-| alt =
-| caption =
-| birth_name = Corbin Michaell Allred
-| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|5|25}}
-| birth_place = [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.
-| death_date =
-| death_place =
-| nationality =
-| other_names =
-| known_for =
-| occupation = Actor
-| yearsactive = 2005–present
+{{Other uses}}
+{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
+{{pp-vand|small=yes}}
+{{short description|45th president of the United States}}
+{{Use American English|date=August 2019}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
+<!-- See [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
+{{Infobox officeholder
+| image = Donald Trump official portrait.jpg<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the picture without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 1. -->
+| alt = Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin.
+| caption =
+| order = 45th<!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] had a weak consensus to keep the status-quo of no link. -->
+| office = President of the United States
+| vicepresident = [[Mike Pence]]
+| term_start = January 20, 2017
+| term_end =
+| predecessor = [[Barack Obama]]
+| successor =
+| birth_name = Donald John Trump
+| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}}
+| birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this location without prior consensus, do not add Jamaica, NY state or U.S. etc, please see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 2. -->
+| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)
+| otherparty = {{plainlist|
+* [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (until 1987, 2001–2009)
+* [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]] (1999–2001)
+* [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2011–2012)
}}
+| spouse = {{plainlist|
+* {{marriage|[[Ivana Zelníčková]]|April 7, 1977|March 22, 1992|end=divorced}}
+* {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|December 20, 1993|June 8, 1999|end=divorced}}
+* {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|January 22, 2005}}
+}}
+| children = {{flatlist|
+* [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]]
+* [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]]
+* [[Eric Trump|Eric]]
+* [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]]
+* [[Barron Trump|Barron]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 10. -->
+}}
+| parents = {{Ublist|[[Fred Trump]]|[[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}}
+| relatives = [[Family of Donald Trump|Trump family]]
+| awards = [[List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump|List of honors and awards]]
+| residence = {{plainlist|
+* [[White House]] (official)
+* [[Mar-a-Lago]] (personal)
+* [[Residences of Donald Trump|Full list]]
+}}
+| alma_mater = [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Economics|Econ.]])<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this college or diploma without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 18. -->
+| net_worth = US$3.1 billion (March 2019)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this value without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth}}
+| signature = Donald Trump Signature.svg
+| signature_alt = Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink
+| website = {{plainlist|
+* {{URL|https://donaldjtrump.com|Official website}}
+* {{URL|https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump|White House website}}
+* {{URL|https://twitter.com/POTUS|Presidential Twitter}}
+* {{URL|https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump|Personal Twitter}}}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->
+| nickname = "The Donald"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/|title=Why does everyone call Donald Trump ‘The Donald’? It’s an interesting story.|last=Argetsinger|first=Amy|date=September 1, 2015|website=[[The Washington Post]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
+}}
+{{Donald Trump series}}
+<!-- NOTE: Changes to the lead are regularly discussed on the talk page. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT WAR. If you make a change that is reverted, please open a discussion or contribute to an existing one, per [[WP:BRD]]. Consensus items marked "DO NOT CHANGE" require prior discussion. -->
+
+'''Donald John Trump''' (born June 14, 1946) is the [[List of presidents of the United States#Presidents|45th]] and current [[president of the United States]]. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the first paragraph without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
+
+Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of [[Queens]], and received a [[bachelor's degree]] in economics from the [[Wharton School]]. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it [[The Trump Organization]], and expanded its operations from Queens and [[Brooklyn]] into [[Manhattan]]. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started [[The Trump Organization#Other ventures and investments|various side ventures]], mostly by licensing his name. He owned the [[Miss Universe]] and [[Miss USA]] beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and produced and hosted ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]'', a [[reality television]] show, from 2003 to 2015. ''[[Forbes]]'' estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion.{{efn|name=Wealth}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE net worth without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->
+
+Trump entered the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential race]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and defeated 16 other candidates in the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|primaries]]. [[Political positions of Donald Trump|His political positions]] have been described as [[populist]], [[protectionist]], and [[nationalist]]. Despite being disfavored in most forecasts, he was elected in a surprise victory over [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Hillary Clinton]], although he lost the popular vote.{{efn|name=electoral-college|Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]], in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in [[United States Congress|Congress]], and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for [[faithless electors]]). Consequently, it is possible for the [[president-elect]] to have received fewer votes from the country's total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|five times since 1824]].}} He became the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|oldest first-term U.S. president]],{{efn|[[Ronald Reagan]] was older upon his second-term inauguration.}} and the first without [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|prior military or government service]]. His election and policies have sparked [[Protests against Donald Trump|numerous protests]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 20. --> Trump has made [[Veracity of statements by Donald Trump|many false or misleading statements]] during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 35. --> Many of his [[Racial views of Donald Trump|comments and actions]] have also been characterized as racially charged or racist.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 30. -->
+
+During [[Presidency of Donald Trump|his presidency]], Trump [[Executive Order 13769|ordered a travel ban]] on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after [[Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban|legal challenges]], the Supreme Court upheld [[Presidential Proclamation 9645|the policy's third revision]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence IN ANY WAY without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 23. --> He enacted [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|a tax-cut package]] for individuals and businesses, rescinding the [[individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]]. He appointed [[Neil Gorsuch]] and [[Brett Kavanaugh]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an [[America First (policy)|America First]] agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] trade negotiations, the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change, and the [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Iran nuclear deal]], eventually [[2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis|increasing tensions]] with the country. He [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]], [[Trump tariffs|imposed import tariffs]] triggering [[China–United States trade war|a trade war with China]], and attempted [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|negotiations with North Korea]] toward their [[denuclearization]].
+
+A [[Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|special counsel investigation]] led by [[Robert Mueller]] [[Mueller Report|found]] that Trump and [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|his campaign]] welcomed and encouraged [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian foreign interference]] in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|criminal conspiracy]] or coordination{{efn|name=coordination|"In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]'{{snd}}a term that appears in the appointment order{{snd}}with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement{{snd}}tacit or express{{snd}}between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." [https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report], vol. I, p. 2}} with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for [[obstruction of justice]], and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that score.
+
+A [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|2019 House impeachment inquiry]] found that Trump solicited [[Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections|foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election]] from [[Trump–Ukraine scandal|Ukraine]] to help his [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|re-election bid]], and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The inquiry reported that he withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to publicly announce investigations into his political rivals. [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|Trump was impeached]] by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] on December 18, 2019, for [[abuse of power]] and [[obstruction of Congress]]. He is the third{{efn|name=third|[[Bill Clinton]] was impeached in 1998, and [[Andrew Johnson]] was impeached in 1868. [[Richard Nixon]] resigned from office before a vote on his impeachment articles could be held by the House of Representatives.<ref>{{Cite news|title=House Formally Concludes Inquiry Into Impeachment |last=Rosenbaum |first=David E. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 21, 1974 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/21/archives/house-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html |accessdate=December 19, 2019}}</ref>}} impeached U.S. president in history.
+{{TOC limit|3}}
+
+== Family and personal life ==
+=== Early life and education ===
+[[File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder|1964 yearbook photo]]
+
+Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at the Jamaica Hospital in the borough of [[Queens]], New York City.<ref name="Birth Certificate">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |title=Certificate of Birth |publisher=Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics |via=[[ABC News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |archivedate=May 12, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Birth Certificate 2">{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |title=Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump |publisher=The Jamaica Hospital |via=[[Fox News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |archivedate=April 9, 2011 |url-status=live |accessdate=October 23, 2018}}</ref> His father was [[Frederick Christ Trump]], a Bronx-born real estate developer, whose own parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife and socialite [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/26/nyregion/fred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html |title=Fred C. Trump, Postwar Master Builder of Housing for Middle Class, Dies at 93 |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |date=June 26, 1999 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> Trump grew up in the [[Jamaica Estates, Queens|Jamaica Estates]] neighborhood of Queens, and attended the [[Kew-Forest School]] from kindergarten through seventh grade.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 32]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html |title=Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}</ref> At age 13, he was enrolled in the [[New York Military Academy]], a private boarding school.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 38]}}
+In 1964, Trump enrolled at [[Fordham University]].{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 45]}}<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Viser |title=Even in college, Donald Trump was brash |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Two years later he transferred to the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 />{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241 241]}} While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer |title=The real reason Donald Trump is so rich |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 3, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |url-access=limited}}</ref> graduating in May 1968 with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in economics.<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate |date=Spring 2007 |website=[[The Wharton School]] |url=https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |pages=19–21 |title=Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] |date=May 20, 1968 |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf}}</ref> Profiles of Trump published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton. However, he had never made the school's honor roll.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 20, 2018 |first=Avi |last=Selk |title=It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/}}</ref> In 2015 Trump's lawyer [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ashford |first1=Grace |title=Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Frazin |first1=Rachel |title=Cohen: Trump directed me to threaten schools not to release grades, SAT scores |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/431810-cohen-trump-directed-me-to-threaten-high-school-colleges-not-to |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref>
+
+While in college, Trump obtained four student [[Conscription in the United States|draft]] deferments.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html |title=How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam |last=Lee |first=Kurtis |date=August 4, 2016 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=August 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="defer">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show |title=Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show |date=April 29, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]] |first=Brian |last=Montopoli |accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html |title=Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] |access-date=September 23, 2019}} – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</ref> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified {{nowrap|1-Y}} (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<ref name="Whitlock21July">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html |title=Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War |last=Whitlock |first=Craig |authorlink=Craig Whitlock |date=July 21, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 2, 2017|url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump said in 2015 that the medical deferment was due to a [[bone spur]] in a foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted; his presidential campaign stated that the spurs were in both heels, a minor issue expected to be temporary.<ref name="Whitlock21July"/> In 1972, he was reclassified {{nowrap|4-F}}, which permanently disqualified him from service.<ref name="SE">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Philipps |first2=Dave |author2link=David Philipps |date=August 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 2, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="emery">{{cite news |last=Emery |first=David |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/ |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments |website=[[Snopes.com]] |date=August 2, 2016 |accessdate=October 16, 2018}}</ref>
+
+=== Family ===
+
+{{Main|Family of Donald Trump}}
+{{Further|Trump family}}
+
+Trump's father, Fred, was born in 1905 in [[the Bronx]]. He started working with his mother in real estate when he was 15. Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<ref name="Blair1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120 |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9 |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|location=New York City|date=December 4, 2001 |page=120}}</ref> was active in the [[Boroughs of New York City|New York boroughs]] of [[Queens]] and [[Brooklyn]], building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<ref name=dad>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> In spite of his [[German Americans|German ancestry]], Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the [[anti-German sentiment]] sparked by World War II;{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=159}}<ref name="CNN Swedish">{{cite news |title=Trump's family denied German heritage for years |first=Jennifer |last=Hansler |date=November 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html}}</ref> Trump repeated this claim until the 1990s.<ref name="CNN Swedish" /><ref>{{cite news |title=For Donald Trump's Family, an Immigrant's Tale With 2 Beginnings |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |date=August 21, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/politics/for-donald-trumps-family-an-immigrants-tale-with-2-beginnings.html}}</ref> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<ref name=Pilon>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother |first=Mary |last=Pilon |authorlink=Mary Pilon |date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<ref name=Pilon/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps |first=Sally |last=McGrane |date=April 29, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump grew up with three elder siblings{{snd}}[[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Fred Jr., and Elizabeth{{snd}}and younger brother Robert.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=April 11, 2019 |first=Ashley |last=Collman |title=Meet Donald Trump's siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge |accessdate=November 2, 2019 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10}}</ref>
+[[File:Trump Family Hand Up.jpg|thumb|[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump is sworn in]] as president by Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] on January 20, 2017: Trump, his wife [[Melania Trump|Melania]], and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Barron Trump|Barron]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], [[Eric Trump|Eric]], and [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]].]]
+
+In 1977, Trump married [[Czechs|Czech]] model [[Ivana Zelníčková]].{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=300}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/07/donald-ivana-trump-divorce-prenup-marie-brenner |title=After The Gold Rush |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |first=Marie |last=Brenner |authorlink=Marie Brenner |date=September 1990 |accessdate=January 10, 2016}}</ref> They have three children, [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]] (born 1977), [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] (born 1981), and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child |title=Lara and Eric Trump welcome second child |work=[[NBC Montana]] |date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Lewiston Journal]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=Google News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442 |title=Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen |date=May 27, 1988 |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress [[Marla Maples]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children |title=Ivana Trump to write memoir about raising US president's children |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Maples and Trump married in 1993<ref>{{cite news |url=https://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man |title=The Donald Bids Hearts For Marla Trump Wedding Draws 1,100 Friends, But Not Many Stars |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=August 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115146/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man |archive-date=December 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Capuzzo |first=Mike |title=Marla Finally Becomes Mrs. Trump It Was 'Paparazzi' Aplenty And Glitz Galore As The Couple Pledged Their Troth. |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=June 20, 2019 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archivedate=January 19, 2016}}</ref> and had one daughter, [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] (born 1993).<ref name=Slate07202016>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=Ruth |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father |url=https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> They were divorced in 1999,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html |title=Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Sheila Cosgrove |last=Baylis |date=August 7, 2013 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<ref name=NYT-20161002>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html |title=The Other Trump |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Alessandra |last=Stanley |authorlink=Alessandra Stanley |date=October 1, 2016 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2005, Trump married [[Slovenia]]n model [[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]].<ref name=Post52208>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html |title=Donald Trump, Settling Down |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Tina |last=Brown |authorlink=Tina Brown |date=January 27, 2005 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> They have one son, [[Barron Trump|Barron]] (born 2006).<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/ |accessdate=March 10, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318 |title=What is the Einstein visa? And how did Melania Trump get one? |date=March 2, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |website=BBC}}</ref>
+
+=== Religion ===
+
+Trump is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie |last=Glueck |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-religious-dealmaking-dividends-232277 |title=Trump's religious dealmaking pays dividends |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=December 7, 2016 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |quote=Trump is a Presbyterian, and speculation is already underway over whether, and where, he might go to church regularly in Washington.}}</ref> As a child, he attended the [[First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica|First Presbyterian Church]] in Jamaica, Queens, where he had his [[confirmation]].<ref name="BarronNYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html |title=Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron (journalist) |date=September 5, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> In the 1970s, his parents joined the [[Marble Collegiate Church]] in Manhattan,<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17">{{cite news |last=Schwartzman |first=Paul |title=How Trump got religion – and why his legendary minister's son now rejects him |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> part of the [[Reformed Church in America|Reformed Church]].<ref name="Christian Post 20150828">{{cite news |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/marble-collegiate-church-says-donald-trump-is-not-an-active-member-143991/ |title=Marble Collegiate Church Says Donald Trump Is Not an Active Member |work=[[The Christian Post]] |first=Leonardo |last=Blair |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> The pastor at Marble, [[Norman Vincent Peale]],<ref name="BarronNYT"/> ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81]}}<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17" />
+
+Trump says he is "not sure" whether he ever asked God for forgiveness: "If I do something wrong, I just try and make it right. I don't bring God into that picture." He tries to take [[Holy Communion]] as often as possible because it makes him "feel cleansed".<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/18/politics/trump-has-never-sought-forgiveness/ |title=Trump believes in God, but hasn't sought forgiveness |first=Eugene |last=Scott |date=July 19, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> While campaigning, Trump referred to ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' as his second favorite book saying, "Nothing beats the [[Bible]]."<ref name=Weigel11Aug>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/ |title=In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak' |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=August 22, 2015 |first=David |last=Weigel |authorlink=David Weigel}}</ref>
+
+In 2015, Trump's campaign released a list of religious advisers, including [[James Dobson]], [[Jerry Falwell Jr.]], [[Ralph Reed]], [[Michele Bachmann]], and [[Robert Jeffress]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board |title=Trump campaign announces evangelical executive advisory board |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=January 17, 2017 |website=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118140319/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board |archivedate=January 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2016/june-web-only/whos-who-of-trumps-tremendous-faith-advisors.html |date=June 22, 2016 |first1=Kate |last1=Shellnutt |first2=Sarah Eekhoff |last2=Zylstra |title=Who's Who of Trump's 'Tremendous' Faith Advisers |work=[[Christianity Today]] |accessdate=May 10, 2018}}</ref>
+In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, controversial televangelist [[Paula White]], to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/politics/trump-religion-gospel/ |title=The guilt-free gospel of Donald Trump |first=Daniel |last=Burke |website=[[CNN]] |date=October 24, 2016 |accessdate=January 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy |title=Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html |accessdate=12 January 2020 |date=November 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html}}</ref>
+
+=== Health and lifestyle ===
+
+Trump [[teetotalism|abstains from alcohol]], a reaction to his older brother Fred Trump Jr.'s [[alcoholism]] and early death,<ref name="nytimesalc">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> and says he has never smoked cigarettes or [[cannabis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |accessdate=September 4, 2016 |work=Watters' World |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |quote=Watters: "Have you ever smoked weed?" Trump: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you one hundred percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."}}</ref> He likes [[fast food]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Ashley |authorlink=Ashley Parker |title=Donald Trump's Diet: He'll Have Fries With That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump is the poster child of sleep deprivation: Arianna Huffington |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017 |first1=Sam |last1=Meredith |first2=Tania |last2=Bryer |author2link=Tania Bryer}}</ref> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise",<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=1018068353305411584 |title=I have arrived in Scotland and will be at Trump Turnberry for two days of meetings, calls and hopefully, some golf – my primary form of exercise! The weather is beautiful, and this place is incredible! Tomorrow I go to Helsinki for a Monday meeting with Vladimir Putin. |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> although he usually does not walk the course.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/ |title=Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry |work=Golf News Net |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fitness/exclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B |title=Exercise? I get more than people think, Trump says |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=Jeff |last1=Mason |first2=Steve |last2=Holland |date=January 18, 2018 |quote=He gets exercise by playing golf, he said, even though he typically rides around the course in a golf cart.}}</ref> He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html |title=Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |date=February 7, 2019 |quote=Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |title=Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 12, 2017 |quote=Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he "believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted".}}</ref>
+
+In December 2015, [[Harold Bornstein]], who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f |title=Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report |last=Herreria |first=Carla |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump himself had dictated the contents of the letter,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence III |last2=Crook |title=Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref> and that Trump's representatives had taken away his medical records in February 2017.<ref name="Schechter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files |last=Schecter |first=Anna |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=June 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501223104/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |title=Trump's ex-personal doctor claims his office was "raided" for Trump's records |date=May 1, 2018 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trumps-personal-doctor-claims-his-office-was-raided-for-trumps-records/ |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In January 2018, White House physician [[Ronny Jackson]] said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's first full presidential physical exam, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |first1=Eliza |last1=Barclay |first2=Julia |last2=Belluz |author2link=Julia Belluz |date=January 16, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref> although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended.<ref name=time-20180117>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |first=Jamie |last=Ducharme |title=The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2018}}</ref> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 [[Low-density lipoprotein|LDL cholesterol]] level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<ref name=nyt-20180117>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Gina |last2=Kolata |author2link=Gina Kolata |title=Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician [[Sean Conley]] said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically [[obese]].<ref name="obese">{{cite news |last1=Howard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |title=Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=February 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> His 2019 [[coronary CT calcium scan]] score indicates he suffers from [[coronary artery disease]], which is common for white men at his age.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjay |title=President Trump has common form of heart disease |date=February 1, 2018 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019}}</ref>
-'''Corbin Michael Allred''' (born May 25, 1979) is an American actor. He starred in the 2003 award-winning motion picture ''[[Saints and Soldiers]]'' and the 1997–1998 television series ''[[Teen Angel (TV series)|Teen Angel]]''.<ref name=":2" />
+=== Wealth ===
-==Career==
+{{Main|Wealth of Donald Trump}}
+{{See also|Tax returns of Donald Trump}}
-Allred's acting career began when he was 12 years old after attending an open casting call in his home town of [[Midvale, Utah]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=LDS actor pursues career without compromising|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/600116899/LDS-actor-pursues-career-without-compromising.html|website=Deseret News|accessdate=22 January 2018}}</ref> He has appeared in multiple productions for [[Mormon cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:W35rrLSykeMJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=57147240&itype=CMSID+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=LDS-themed 'Saratov Approach' hits $1 million mark|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Haoo6IPqfeoJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54958637&itype=cmsid+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=Looking back: Ten films show the best from 'Mormon Cinema'|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Allred is a member of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], and served an [[LDS Mission]] in [[Australia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ldsliving.com/Natalie-Portman-Called-to-Wish-Me-Luck-on-My-LDS-Mission/s/83419|title=Natalie Portman Called to Wish Me Luck on My LDS Mission|date=2016-11-01|work=LDS Living|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref>
+In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial ''[[Forbes]]'' list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<ref name=OBrien2005Oct>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html |title=What's He Really Worth? |first=Timothy L. |last=O'Brien |authorlink=Timothy L. O'Brien |accessdate=February 25, 2016 |date=October 23, 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In its 2019 [[billionaire]]s ranking, ''Forbes'' estimated Trump's net worth at $3.1 billion<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth|This estimate is by ''Forbes'' in their annual ranking. [[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]] listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<ref name="BBI">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index–Donald Trump |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/ |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<ref name="WX">{{cite web |title=Donald John Trump–Wealth-X Dossier |url=https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/ |website=Wealth-X |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archivedate=April 18, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/}}</ref>}} (715th in the world, 259th in the U.S.)<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires |title=#715 Donald Trump |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |accessdate=March 5, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the [[List of richest American politicians|richest politicians in American history]] and the first billionaire American president.<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires"/> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10 |title=Trump has fallen 138 spots on Forbes' wealthiest-Americans list, his net worth down over $1 billion, since he announced his presidential bid in 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 3, 2018 |first=John |last=Walsh |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the [[Federal Elections Commission]] (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<ref name="financial-pr">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf |title=Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission |first1=Corey R. |last1=Lewandowski |author1link=Corey Lewandowski |first2=Hope |last2=Hicks |author2link=Hope Hicks |date=July 15, 2015 |accessdate=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309043101/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_%281%29.pdf}}</ref> however FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC"/> Trump stated in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Robert Jr. |last2=O'Harrow |title=Trump: A True Story |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/}}</ref>
+[[File:Ivana Trump shakes hands with Fahd of Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|Trump with King [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia]], U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]], and his first wife [[Ivana Trump]] in 1985]]
-In addition to ''[[Saints and Soldiers]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:7gUJjkPAEjUJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54668273&itype=cmsid+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title='Saints and Soldiers' sequel explores faith at war|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:wIIlZiiTyVwJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54689235&itype=CMSID+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=Movie review: 'Airborne Creed' weighs war and faith|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[Teen Angel (1997 TV series)|Teen Angel]]'', Allred played the lead role in ''[[Josh Kirby... Time Warrior!]]'' and is known for his role in ''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]''. He appeared in the 1999 films ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]'' alongside [[Dan Aykroyd]] and [[Kirk Douglas]] and ''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]'' with [[Natalie Portman]]<ref name=":1" /> and [[Susan Sarandon]]. He played a lead role in [[The Saratov Approach]], a 2013 film about the weeklong abduction of two [[LDS missionaries]] in [[Russia]] that occurred in 1998.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Saratov Approach|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_saratov_approach/|language=en|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref>
+Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using a pseudonym "[[Pseudonyms of Donald Trump|John Barron]]", called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the [[Forbes 400]] list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that ''Forbes'' had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 20, 2018 |first=Jonathan |last=Greenberg |title=Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html}}</ref>
-In television, he's had roles in an episode of ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'',<ref name=":1" /> an episode of ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'', and a couple episodes of ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)]].''
+Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<ref name="small-loan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html |title=Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started |website=[[CNBC]] |first=Scott |last=Stump |date=October 26, 2015 |accessdate=November 13, 2016}}</ref> In October 2018, ''The New York Times'' reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<ref name="takeaways">{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html |title=11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation Into Trump's Wealth |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tax_Schemes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html |title=Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 2, 2018}}</ref> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[USA Today]] |first1=Jon |last1=Campbell |first2=Joseph |last2=Spector |title=New York could levy hefty penalties if Trump tax fraud is proven |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |accessdate=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="AP2018-12-16"/> Analyses by ''[[The Economist]]'' and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<ref name="econ_From">{{cite news |title=From the Tower to the White House |work=[[The Economist]] |date=February 20, 2016 |accessdate=February 29, 2016 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white |quote=Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |title=The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire |date=February 29, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/}}</ref> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html |title=Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit |first=Kevin |last=Breuninger |date=October 2, 2018 |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref>
-Allred is also a musician and a Physician Assistant practicing in [[Oregon]].
+Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. ''The New York Times'' reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991{{snd}}more than $250 million each year{{snd}}were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<ref name=Buettner-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Russ |last=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig}}</ref><ref name=Friedersdorf-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/ |title=The Secret That Was Hiding in Trump's Taxes |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Conor |last=Friedersdorf |authorlink=Conor Friedersdorf}}</ref>
-==Filmography==
+== Business career ==
-=== Film ===
-{| class="wikitable sortable"
-|-
-! Year
-! Title
-! Role
-! class="unsortable" | Notes
-|-
-|1993
-|''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]''
-|Young Lad
-|
-|-
-|1993
-|''[[Quest of the Delta Knights]]''
-|Tee
-|Video
-|-
-|1994
-|''[[No Dessert, Dad, till You Mow the Lawn]]''
-|Moonpie
-|
-|-
-|1995–96
-|''[[Josh Kirby... Time Warrior!|Josh Kirby]]''
-|Josh Kirby
-|Video series
-|-
-|1997
-|''Address Unknown''
-|Lance Pirth
-|
-|-
-|1999
-|''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]''
-|Michael Agensky
-|
-|-
-|1999
-|''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]''
-|Peter
-|
-|-
-|1999
-|''Christmas Mission''
-|Tomberline
-|Video short
-|-
-|2003
-|''[[Saints and Soldiers]]''
-|Cpl. Nathan 'Deacon' Greer
-|
-|-
-|2006
-|''[[Take a Chance (2006 film)|Take a Chance]]''
-|Elliot Buddles / Gustav
-|Video
-|-
-|2006
-|''{{sortname|The|Work and the Glory III: A House Divided|nolink=1}}''
-|John Griffith
-|
-|-
-|2008
-|''Team''
-|Klausy
-|Short
-|-
-|2009
-|''{{sortname|The|Wild Stallion}}''
-|Morg
-|
-|-
-|2012
-|''[[Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed]]''
-|Cpl. James Rossi
-|
-|-
-|2013
-|''{{sortname|The|Saratov Approach}}''
-|Elder Tuttle
-|
-|-
-|2015
-|''47 Minutes''
-|Mckowski
-|Short
-|-
-|2019
-|''Out of Liberty''
-|[[Porter Rockwell]]
-|
-|}
+{{Main|Business career of Donald Trump}}
+{{Further|Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia}}
-=== Television ===
-{| class="wikitable sortable"
-|-
-! Year
-! Title
-! Role
-! class="unsortable" | Notes
-|-
-|1995
-|''[[Saved by the Bell: The New Class]]''
-|Franklin
-|"The Principal's Principles"
-|-
-|1996
-|''My Son Is Innocent''
-|First Kid
-|TV film
-|-
-|1996
-|''[[Blue Rodeo (film)|Blue Rodeo]]''
-|Peter Yearwood
-|TV film
-|-
-|1997
-|''[[Social Studies (TV series)|Social Studies]]''
-|Chip Wigley
-|Main role
-|-
-|1997
-|''ABC TGIF''
-|Steve Beauchamp
-|"Frightful Halloween Bash"
-|-
-|1997–98
-|''[[Teen Angel (1997 TV series)|Teen Angel]]''
-|Steve Beauchamp
-|Lead role
-|-
-|1998
-|''[[Touched by an Angel]]''
-|Greg Banks
-|"Last Dance"
-|-
-|1998
-|''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]''
-|Justin Thumb
-|"Boy Was My Face Red", "Good Will Haunting"
-|-
-|2001
-|''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]''
-|Ben Jennings
-|"Alter Boys"
-|-
-|2002
-|''[[Judging Amy]]''
-|Philip Dunbar
-|"The Cook of the Money Pot"
-|-
-|2002
-|''[[Dharma & Greg]]''
-|Rick Sanderson
-|"Mission: Implausible"
-|-
-|2002
-|''[[Boston Public]]''
-|Jason Paul
-|"Chapter 42"
-|-
-|2002
-|''[[State of Grace (TV series)|State of Grace]]''
-|
-|"Episode dated 19 August 2002"
-|-
-|2002
-|''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]''
-|Petty Off. 2nd Class Pittman
-|"Dangerous Game"
-|-
-|2003
-|''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]''
-|Scott
-|"Mr. Monk Goes to Mexico"
-|-
-|2003
-|''[[Threat Matrix]]''
-|Pvt. Perry
-|"Doctor Germ"
-|-
-|2003
-|''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''
-|Corpsman Milano
-|"High Seas"
-|-
-|2003
-|''[[7th Heaven (TV series)|7th Heaven]]''
-|Griffith Miller
-|"Go Ask Alice"
-|-
-|2004
-|''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''
-|Doug
-|"Get Carter"
-|-
-|2004
-|''{{sortname|The|Division}}''
-|Ron Evans
-|"Book of Memories"
-|-
-|2004
-|''[[CSI: Miami]]''
-|Paul Abbot
-|"Crime Wave"
-|-
-|2008
-|''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]''
-|Adam Matthews
-|"The Wannabe in the Weeds"
-|-
-|2013
-|''[[Granite Flats]]''
-|Jasper Lovett
-|"The Wrong Man", "Something Dangerous"
-|}
+=== Real estate ===
-==References==
-<references />
+[[File:Trump Tower - lower part.jpg|thumb|upright|Distinctive façade of [[Trump Tower]], headquarters of the Trump Organization, in [[Midtown Manhattan]]]]
-==External links==
-*{{IMDb name|0021607}}
+Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=46}}<ref name=Mahler /> He assisted his father in the attempted turnaround of the troubled Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio, which the elder Trump had bought at foreclosure in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |last=Korte |first=Gregory |url=https://www.enquirer.com/editions/2002/09/01/loc_complex_was_troubled.html |title=Complex was troubled from beginning |newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |date=September 1, 2002 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="mk">{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Meg |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/02/28/the-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success/ |title=The tall tale of President Trump's Cincinnati 'success' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2018 |accessdate=May 19, 2018}}</ref> In 1971, when his father promoted him to president of the family company, he renamed it [[The Trump Organization]].{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 250]}}<ref name="mk" />
+==== Manhattan developments ====
+
+Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict [[Grand Hyatt New York|Commodore Hotel]], adjacent to [[Grand Central Terminal]]. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<ref>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Rich |authorlink=Frank Rich |title=The Original Donald Trump |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=April 29, 2018 |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<ref name="Kessler160303">{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father |date=March 3, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel,{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=32–35}} and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop [[Trump Tower]], a [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |date=April 8, 1984 |first=William |last=Geist |authorlink=Bill Geist |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html}}</ref><ref name="wdc150915">{{cite news |last=Dohan |first=William C. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/business/dealbook/decades-old-questions-over-trumps-wealth-and-education.html |title=Decades-Old Questions Over Trump's Wealth and Education |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 28, 2015 |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}</ref> That building was formerly Trump's primary residence and now houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization.<ref name="TrumpTowerResidence">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/us/politics/new-york-primary.html |title=With the New York Presidential Primary, the Circus Is Coming Home |first1=Matt |last1=Flegenheimer |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="TrumpTowerResidence1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html |title=Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back. |first=Alexander |last=Burns |authorlink=Alex Burns (journalist) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 9, 2016 |accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>
+
+In 1988, Trump acquired the [[Plaza Hotel]] in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plaza Hotel bankruptcy plan approved |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<ref name="NYT-19950412">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html |title=Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=David |last1=Stout |author1link=David Stout |first2=Kenneth |last2=Gilpin |date=April 12, 1995 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Satow |first=Julie |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss |title=That Time Trump Sold the Plaza Hotel at an $83 Million Loss |website=Bloomberg |date=May 23, 2019 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at [[40 Wall Street]]. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=81–82}} In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a {{convert|70|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract in the [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] neighborhood near the [[Hudson River]]. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, [[Riverside South, Manhattan|Riverside South]]. Trump temporarily retained a partial stake in an adjacent site along with other investors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 billion |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 1, 2005 |accessdate=May 17, 2016}}</ref>
+
+==== Palm Beach estate ====
+
+{{Main|Mar-a-Lago}}
+[[File:Mar-a-lago in 2009.jpg|thumb|Mar-a-Lago in 2009]]
+
+In 1985, Trump acquired the [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate in [[Palm Beach, Florida]].<ref name="CP-W">{{cite news |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc |title=Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 23, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="APNews_3-29-1988">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d |title=Trump Fights Property Taxes |website=[[AP News]] |date=March 29, 1988 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="town&countryprice">{{cite web |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/ |title=A History of Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump's American Castle |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |date=December 22, 2017 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 161]}} The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<ref name="samD10-9-17">{{cite web |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/ |title=Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=October 9, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html |title=Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/trump-residence-documents.html |title=See the Paperwork: Trump Changes Residence to Florida |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== Atlantic City casinos ====
+
+In 1984, Trump opened [[Harrah's at Trump Plaza]] hotel and casino in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] with financing from the [[Holiday Corporation]], who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=57–58}} Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 128]}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Stake in Holiday |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/05/business/company-news-trump-stake-in-holiday.html |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 5, 1986}}</ref><ref name="crudele">{{cite news |last=Crudele |first=John |authorlink=John Crudele |title=Holiday Corp. Plans Restructuring |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/13/business/holiday-corp-plans-restructuring.html |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1986}}</ref> Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton Corporation]] for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called [[Golden Nugget Atlantic City|Trump Castle]]. Trump's then-wife [[Ivana Trump|Ivana]] managed it until 1988.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=59–60}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 137]}}
+[[File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg|thumb|alt=The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India.|Entrance of the [[Trump Taj Mahal]] in [[Atlantic City]]]]
+
+Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the [[Taj Mahal casino|Taj Mahal]], in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump–Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet |last=Cuff |first=Daniel |date=December 18, 1988 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/27/business/seven-acquisitive-executives-who-made-business-1988-donald-trump-trump.html |accessdate=May 27, 2011 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> It was financed with $675 million in [[junk bonds]] and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html |title=Trump's Taj – Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite |date=April 8, 1990 |last=Glynn |first=Lenny |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name=UPI9April>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/ |title=Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal |website=[[United Press International]] |date=April 9, 1991 |accessdate=March 21, 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 135]}} The project went bankrupt the following year,<ref name=abc>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-filed-bankruptcy-times/story?id=13419250 |first=Amy |last=Bingham |title=Donald Trump's Companies Filed for Bankruptcy 4 Times |website=[[ABC News]] |date=April 21, 2011 |accessdate=February 20, 2015}}</ref> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html |title=Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |date=October 5, 1991}}</ref> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, [[Trump Shuttle]], and sold his {{convert|282|ft|m|adj=mid}} mega yacht, the ''[[Trump Princess]]'', which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<ref name=Hylton>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html |title=Trump Is Reportedly Selling Yacht |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 11, 1990 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Hylton |first=Richard}}</ref><ref name=Schneider19May>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122177,00.html |title=The Donald Ducks Out |date=May 19, 1997 |accessdate=September 10, 2015 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Karen S. |last=Schneider}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132–133]}}
+
+In 1995, Trump founded [[Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts]] (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the [[Majestic Star II|Trump Casino]] in [[Gary, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Plaza casino stock trades today on Big Board |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Floyd |last=Norris |authorlink=Floyd Norris |date=June 7, 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<ref name=McQuade16Aug>{{cite news |url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ |title=The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire |work=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 21, 2016 |first=Dan |last=McQuade}}</ref> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/ |title=How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure |last=Tully |first=Shawn |date=March 10, 2016 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |accessdate=May 6, 2018}}</ref>
+
+==== Golf courses ====
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump and golf}}
+[[File:Trump Turnberry Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 5273443.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof.|[[Turnberry Hotel]] and golf course in [[Ayrshire]], Scotland]]
+
+{{As of|December 2016}}, the Trump Organization owns or operates 18 golf course and golf resorts in the United States and abroad.<ref name=CNNMoney>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Ahiza |title=Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html |accessdate=January 21, 2018 |website=[[CNN Money]] |date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million,<ref name="Financial 2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/graphics/politics/trump-archive/docs/trump-fec-financial-disclosure-2015.pdf |title=Donald Trump Personal Financial Disclosure Form 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="cnn-20160519">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/ |title=A peek at Donald Trump's finances |first1=Cristina |last1=Alesci |author1link=Cristina Alesci |first2=Laurie |last2=Frankel |first3=Jeanne |last3=Sahadi |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> while his three European golf courses did not show a profit.<ref name=Melby19July>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-07-19/trump-is-richer-in-property-and-deeper-in-debt-in-new-valuation |title=Trump Is Richer in Property and Deeper in Debt in New Valuation |date=July 19, 2016 |first=Caleb |last=Melby |quote=In the year that Donald Trump was transformed ... into the presumptive Republican nominee, the value of his golf courses and his namesake Manhattan tower soared ... His net worth rose to $3 billion on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index ...}}</ref>
+
+Trump began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999; his first property was the [[Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)|Trump International Golf Club, West Palm Beach]] in [[Florida]].<ref name=Golf2007>{{cite magazine |first=Gregory|last=Heisler|title=Donald Trump: King of Clubs |url=https://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/donald-trump-king-clubs |magazine=[[Golf Magazine|Golf]] |publisher=[[Howard Milstein]]|location=New York City|date=February 21, 2007 |accessdate=August 5, 2018}}</ref> By 2007, he owned four courses around the U.S.<ref name=Golf2007 /> Following the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], he began purchasing existing golf courses and re-designing them.<ref name=USAToday>{{cite news |last=DiMeglio |first=Steve |title=Donald Trump brings new life to world of golf |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2015/03/03/donald-trump-national-doral-miami-wgc/24322605/ |date=March 3, 2015 |accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref> His use of these courses during his presidency was controversial. Despite frequently criticizing his predecessor [[Barack Obama]] for his numerous golf outings, Trump golfed eleven times during his first eight weeks in office.<ref name=GolfDigest2017>{{cite web |last=Beall |first=Joel |title=President Trump appears to still really like golf, makes 11th trip to course in eight weeks in office |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/president-trump-appears-to-still-really-like-golf-makes-11th-trip-to-course-in-eight-weeks-as-president |accessdate=July 21, 2018 |date=March 20, 2017}}</ref> He visited one of his golf resorts on 187 of his first 848 days in office, 22 percent of the time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/how-much-time-trump-spends-trump-properties-mar-lago-n753366 |title=Tracking President Trump's visits to Trump properties |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Liz |last=Johnstone |date=December 29, 2017}}</ref>
+
+=== Branding and licensing ===
+
+{{See also|List of things named after Donald Trump}}
+[[File:Chicago September 2016-2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] in Chicago]]
+
+After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies.<ref name="NYer Branding">{{cite web |last1=Cassidy |first1=John |title=Donald Trump's Business Failures Were Very Real |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |date=May 10, 2019|accessdate=November 9, 2019 |ref=May 20, 2019}}</ref> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (disambiguation)|hotel towers]] owned by various developers around the world. These included projects in [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Chicago]], [[Trump International Hotel Las Vegas|Las Vegas]], [[Old Post Office Pavilion|Washington D.C.]], [[Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower|Panama City]], [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)|Toronto]], and [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)|Vancouver]]. There are also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)|Honolulu]], [[Trump Towers Istanbul|Istanbul]], Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<ref name="Forbes-20170320">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/ |title=From Manila to Hawaii, Meet The Licensing Partners Who Paid Trump The Most |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Jennifer |last=Wang |date=March 20, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref>
+
+The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including the short-lived Cadillac Trump Series,{{dubious|date=November 2019}}<ref name="opulent">{{cite news |author=Autoweek Staff|title=When Donald Trump and Cadillac joined forces to build the 'most opulent' limo ever |url=https://autoweek.com/article/wait-theres-more/when-donald-trump-and-cadillac-joined-forces-build-most-opulent-limo-ever |work=[[Autoweek]] |date=January 13, 2017|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="golden_series">{{cite news |last1=Ehrenfreund |first1=Max |last2=Tankersley |first2=Jim |title=Donald Trump has a favorite carmaker, and that might be a problem |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/12/22/donald-trump-has-a-favorite-carmaker-and-that-might-be-a-problem/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 22, 2016|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<ref name="overseas">{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michelle Ye Hee |title=How many Trump products were made overseas? Here's the complete list. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="neckties">{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 13, 2018 |first1=Zane |last1=Anthony |first2=Kathryn |last2=Sanders |first3=David A. |last3=Fahrenthold |author3link=David Fahrenthold |title=Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html}}</ref> According to an analysis by ''The Washington Post'', there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Aaron |last1=Williams |first2=Anu |last2=Narayanswamy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/ |title=How Trump has made millions by selling his name |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 25, 2017 |accessdate=December 12, 2017}}</ref> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<ref name="neckties"/>
+
+=== Lawsuits and bankruptcies ===
+
+{{Main|Legal affairs of Donald Trump|List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump}}
+
+{{As of|April 2018}}, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits |url=https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/ |accessdate=April 17, 2018 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> {{as of|2016}}, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450. With Trump or his company as plaintiff, more than half the cases have been against gamblers at his [[casino]]s who had failed to pay off their debts. With Trump or his company as a defendant, the most common type of case involved personal injury cases at his hotels. In cases where there was a clear resolution, Trump's side won 451 times and lost 38.<ref name="USATodayAnalysis">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/ |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=June 2, 2016 |first1=Nick |last1=Penzenstadler |first2=Susan |last2=Page |author2link=Susan Page |quote=About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/282008-trump-brags-about-winning-record-in-lawsuits |title=Trump brags about winning record in lawsuits |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=June 2, 2016 |last=Savransky |first=Rebecca}}</ref>
+
+Trump has never filed for [[personal bankruptcy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/27/business/banks-approve-loans-for-trump-but-take-control-of-his-finances.html |title=Banks Approve Loans for Trump, But Take Control of His Finances |first=Richard D. |last=Hylton |accessdate=October 13, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 27, 1990}}</ref> His hotel and casino businesses have been declared bankrupt six times between 1991 and 2009 in order to re-negotiate debt with banks and owners of stock and bonds.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/donald-trump-companies-bankruptcy-atlantic-city |title=4 Times Donald Trump's Companies Declared Bankruptcy |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=June 29, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Bryan |last=Hood}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-questioned-his-bankruptcies-279717 |first=Hao |last=Li |title=Donald Trump Questioned on His Bankruptcies |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=April 12, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref> Because the businesses used [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]], they were allowed to operate while negotiations proceeded. Trump was quoted by ''Newsweek'' in 2011 saying, "I do play with the bankruptcy laws{{snd}}they're very good for me" as a tool for trimming debt.<ref name=publicintegrity1>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Peter |title=Donald Trump's lawsuits could turn off conservatives who embrace tort reform |url=https://www.publicintegrity.org/2011/05/05/4478/donald-trumps-lawsuits-could-turn-conservatives-who-embrace-tort-reform |accessdate=March 14, 2016 |work=[[Center for Public Integrity]] |date=May 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kurtz |first=Howard |authorlink=Howard Kurtz |title=Kurtz: The Trump Backlash |url=https://www.newsweek.com/kurtz-trump-backlash-66503 |accessdate=March 14, 2016 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 24, 2011}}</ref> The six bankruptcies were the result of over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York: [[Trump Taj Mahal]] (1991), [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino]] (1992), [[Plaza Hotel]] (1992), [[Trump Castle Hotel and Casino]] (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and [[Trump Entertainment Resorts]] (2009).<ref name=six>{{cite news |last=Winter |first=Tom |title=Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 24, 2016|accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="forbes-bankruptcy">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref>
+
+During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<ref name="ArtOfTheSpin">{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP}}</ref> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with a notable exception of [[Deutsche Bank]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 8, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith |title=Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12}}</ref>
+
+In April 2019, the [[House Oversight Committee]] issued [[subpoena]]s seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and [[Capital One]], and his accounting firm, [[Mazars USA]]. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman [[Elijah Cummings]] to prevent the disclosures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump sues Deutsche Bank and Capital One over Democrat subpoenas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647 |work=BBC News |date=April 30, 2019 |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 22, 2019 |last1=Fahrenthold |first1=David |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Wagner |first3=John |title=Trump sues in bid to block congressional subpoena of financial records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref> In May, [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|DC District Court]] judge [[Amit Mehta]] ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html |title=Accountants Must Turn Over Trump's Financial Records, Lower-Court Judge Rules |first=Charlie |last=Savage |authorlink=Charlie Savage |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and judge [[Edgardo Ramos]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District Court of New York]] ruled that the banks must also comply.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 22, 2019 |first1=Renae |last1=Merle |first2=Michael |last2=Kranish |author2link=Michael Kranish |first3=Felicia |last3=Sonmez}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html |title=Deutsche Bank Can Release Trump Records to Congress, Judge Rules |first=Emily |last=Flitter |date=May 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543 |title=Trump's appeal to keep finances away from Democrats goes to court headed by Merrick Garland |date=May 21, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |first=Alexandra |last=Hutzler}}</ref> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Lawfare (blog)|Lawfare]] |date=June 10, 2019 |first=Mikhaila |last=Vogel |title=Trump Legal Team Files Brief in Mazars Appeal |accessdate=June 12, 2019 |url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2019 |first=Renae |last=Merle |title=House subpoenas for Trump's bank records put on hold while President appeals |accessdate=May 28, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/}}</ref>
+
+=== Side ventures ===
+
+After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 |title=Five take-aways from Donald Trump's financial disclosure |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Anthony |last=Zurcher}}</ref><ref name="jk-8-7-15"/>
+
+In September 1983, Trump purchased the [[New Jersey Generals]]{{snd}}an American football team that played in the [[United States Football League]]. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the [[NFL]] for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust lawsuit against the organization.<ref name=Markazi>{{cite news |first=Arash |last=Markazi |authorlink=Arash Markazi |title=5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL |date=July 14, 2015 |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience}}</ref><ref name=Morris>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/ |title=Donald Trump Fought the NFL Once Before. He Got Crushed |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |last=Morris |first=David}}</ref>
+
+Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the [[Boardwalk Hall|Atlantic City Convention Hall]] adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including [[Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks|Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight]] against [[Michael Spinks]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html |title=Trump Gets Tyson Fight |accessdate=February 11, 2011 |date=February 25, 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=137}} In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the [[Tour de Trump]] cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [[Tour de France]] or the [[Giro d'Italia]].<ref name=Hogan>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801 |title=The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza |first=Kevin |last=Hogan |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 10, 2016 |accessdate=April 12, 2016}}</ref>
+
+Trump purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies during the late 1980s, as Wall Street saw a wave of corporate acquisitions known as [[leveraged buyouts]]. In some cases, these acquisitions were [[Takeover#Hostile|hostile takeovers]] conducted by so-called [[corporate raider|corporate raiders]]. Some raiders purchased a stake in a public company with the stated but feigned intent of acquiring it, then pressured management to repurchase the stake at a profitable premium for the raider — a practice known as [[greenmail]]. Some observers believed Trump was engaged in such practices, though he denied it. Analysis conducted by ''The New York Times'' found that Trump made millions of dollars in these stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |first1=Russ |last1=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |date=May 8, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html |title=American Air Gets Trump Bid Of $7.5 Billion |first=Agis |last=Salpukas |date=October 6, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html |title=Trump Ends His Struggle to Gain Control of Bally |first=Donald |last=Janson |date=February 23, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
+
+In 1988, Trump founded [[Trump Shuttle]], purchasing 21 planes and landing rights at three airports in New York City, Boston, and the Washington, D.C., area, from the defunct [[Eastern Air Lines]], costing $380 million financed from 22 banks. The airline offered charter services in addition to scheduled shuttle flights, and was eventually sold to [[USAir Group]] in 1992 after failing to operate at a profit.<ref name="plane_rumour">{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/ |title=Too good to check: Sean Hannity's tale of a Trump rescue |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 14, 2019}}</ref>
+[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright|Trump's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], installed in 2007]]
+
+From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part of or all the [[Miss Universe]] pageants, including [[Miss USA]] and [[Miss Teen USA]].<ref name="pageantsaleWME">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9 |title=Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization |date=September 14, 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=May 6, 2016}}</ref> Due to disagreements with [[CBS]] about scheduling, he took both pageants to [[NBC]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Jim |last=Rutenberg |authorlink=Jim Rutenberg |accessdate=August 14, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/ |title=There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Lisa |last=De Moraes |authorlink=Lisa de Moraes |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 2007, Trump received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<ref name="cz160129">{{cite news |last=Zara |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Zara |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think |title=Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |date=October 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref> In September 2015, Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization, and sold the entire company to the [[William Morris Endeavor|William Morris]] talent agency.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jethro|last=Nededog|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
+
+==== Trump University ====
+
+{{Main|Trump University}}
+
+In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called [[Trump University]] that sold real estate training courses priced at between $1,500 and $35,000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gitell |first=Seth |date=March 8, 2016 |title=I Survived Trump University |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name=vf>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal |title=Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real Estate Students? |last=Cohan |first=William D. |authorlink=William D. Cohan |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=nyt511>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |authorlink=Michael Barbaro |title=New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School |date=May 19, 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html}}</ref> After New York State authorities twice notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute" in 2010.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016"/>
+
+In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016">{{cite news |first=David |last=Halperin |title=NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/ny-court-refuses-to-dismi_b_9358360.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/ |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last=Lee |title=Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 27, 2016 |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}</ref> In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents of the company revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<ref name=twofront>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/ |title=Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university' |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Kevin |last=McCoy |date=August 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ronald_tu>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html |title=Former Trump University Workers Call the School a 'Lie' and a 'Scheme' in Testimony |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Barbaro |last2=Eder |first2=Steve |date=May 31, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents |title=Hard Sell: The Potential Political Consequences of the Trump University Documents |last=Montenaro |first=Domenico |date=June 1, 2016 |publisher=[[NPR]] |accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 30, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Judge Orders Documents Unsealed in Trump University Lawsuit |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hamburger |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Hamburger |title=Judge bashed by Trump orders release of company records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-orders-release-of-internal-trump-university-documents/2016/05/28/2e960e5e-24f9-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |accessdate=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to a settlement of all three pending cases and agreed to pay a total of $25 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html |title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016}}</ref> New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman called the settlement and payment "a stunning reversal by Donald Trump and a major victory for the over 6,000 victims of his fraudulent university".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 19, 2016 |first1=Brent |last1=Kendall |first2=Sara |last2=Randazzo |title=Trump University Fraud Cases Settled for $25 Million |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-is-in-advanced-talks-to-settle-trump-university-fraud-allegations-1479488654}}</ref> Trump denied any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/11/19/president-elect-hints-he-might-not-have-settled-if-he-werent-get-ready-for-his-inauguration/94123452/ |title=Trump tweets he settled $25M fraud case because he's too busy |last=Stanglin |first=Doug |date=November 19, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/donald-trump-nearing-settlement-trump-university-fraud-case-article-1.2878780 |title=Donald set to pay $25M in Trump University fraud case settlement |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |first1=Kenneth |last1=Lovett |first2=Nancy |last2=Dillon}}</ref>
+
+=== Foundation ===
+
+{{Main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}}
+
+The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref> established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-3404773 |title=Donald J Trump Foundation Inc – GuideStar Profile |website=[[GuideStar]] |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> The foundation's funds have mostly come from donors other than Trump, who has not given personally to the charity since 2008.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
+
+The foundation's tax returns show that it has given to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref> In 2009, for example, the foundation gave $926,750 to about forty groups, with the biggest donations going to the [[Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children|Arnold Palmer Medical Center Foundation]] ($100,000), the [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital]] ($125,000), the [[Police Athletic League]] ($156,000), and the [[Clinton Foundation]] ($100,000).<ref name="SearchingforEvid">{{Cite news |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Danielle |last2=Rindler |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-charity-donations/ |title=Searching for evidence of Trump's personal giving |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Linda |title=Yes, Donald Trump has given to the Clinton Foundation |url=https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2016/aug/28/david-plouffe/yes-donald-trump-donated-100000-clinton-foundation/ |website=[[PolitiFact]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> From 2004 to 2014, the top donors to the foundation were Vince and Linda McMahon of [[WWE]], who donated $5 million to the foundation after Trump appeared at [[WrestleMania]] in 2007.<ref name="WaPoMissing" />
+
+In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office notified the Trump Foundation that the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities, ordering it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob |quote=The Post had reported that the recipients of five charitable contributions listed by the Trump Foundation had no record of receiving those donations. But the newspaper updated its report after CNN questioned the accuracy of three of the five donations it had cited.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/09/14/donald-trump-foundation/ |title=Trump Foundation Falls Under Investigation By New York Attorney General |date=September 14, 2016 |last=Toh |first=Michelle |accessdate=September 27, 2016 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> A Trump spokesman called the Attorney General's investigation a "partisan hit job".<ref name="hit" /> In response to mounting complaints, Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Trump Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref> According to an IRS filing in November 2017, the foundation intended to shut down and distribute its assets (about $970,000) to other charities. However, the New York Attorney General's office had to complete their ongoing investigation before the foundation could legally shut down,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/donald-trump-shutting-down-his-charitable-foundation-n822636 |title=Donald Trump is shutting down his charitable foundation |date=November 20, 2017 |website=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=November 28, 2017 |first1=Ken |last1=Dilanian |first2=Rich |last2=Gardella |first3=Patrick |last3=Martin}}</ref> and in June 2018 they filed a civil suit against the foundation for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> The suit names Trump himself as well as his adult children Donald Jr., Eric, and Ivanka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In December 2018, the foundation agreed to cease operation and disburse all its assets. Attorney General [[Barbara Underwood]], who oversaw the investigation and lawsuit, said the investigation uncovered a "shocking pattern of illegality".<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref><ref name=Fahrenthold-181219>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/a-shocking-pattern-of-illegality-trump-foundation-shuts-down-20181219-p50n2y.html |title=A shocking pattern of illegality': Trump Foundation shuts down |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=December 19, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=David |last=Fahrenthold}}</ref> Months later, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for "breaching his fiduciary duty to properly oversee the foundation that bears his name". The Foundation characterized the penalty as a "contribution", stating it was "pleased to donate an additional $2 million" to "worthy organizations". Trump acknowledged that a January 2016 fundraiser for veterans he organized had actually been a campaign event and the $2.8 million in raised funds were placed under the full control of his campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/07/nyregion/trump-charities-new-york.html |title=Trump Ordered to Pay $2 Million to Charities for Misuse of Foundation |first=Alan |last=Feuer |date=November 7, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref>
+
+=== Conflicts of interest ===
+
+[[File:Trump AVM opening ceremony.jpg|thumb|[[Tayyip Erdoğan]], then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of the [[Trump Towers Istanbul]] AVM in 2012.]]
+
+Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a [[revocable trust]] run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<ref name="NPR012018">{{cite news |first=Marilyn |last=Geewax |title=Trump Has Revealed Assumptions About Handling Presidential Wealth, Businesses |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/20/576871315/trump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses |website=[[NPR]] |date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC041817">{{cite news |title=A list of Trump's potential conflicts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> According to ethics experts, as long as Trump continues to profit from his businesses, the measures taken by Trump do not help to avoid conflicts of interest.<ref name="Venook">{{cite news |last=Venook |first=Jeremy |title=Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies would affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend that Trump sell off his businesses.<ref name="BBC041817" /> While Trump said his organization would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name="Venook"/>
+
+Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the [[Title of Nobility Clause|Emoluments Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<ref name="Venook" /><ref name="LaFraniere">{{cite news |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |title=Lawsuit on Trump Emoluments Violations Gains Traction in Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html |date=January 25, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<ref name="NPR012018" /> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<ref name="LaFraniere" /> According to ''The Guardian'', "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments{{snd}}including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines{{snd}}seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<ref>{{cite news |title=How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Peter |last=Stone}}</ref> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/21/donald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony/4055162002/ |title='Phony'. Donald Trump mocks 'emoluments' clause of U.S. Constitution that bans foreign gifts |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |last2=Collins |first2=Michael |last3=Jackson |first3=David |date=October 21, 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the [[Economy of Saudi Arabia|Saudis]] and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump stands by Saudi prince despite journalist Khashoggi's murder |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 20, 2018}}</ref> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<ref>{{cite news |title=President Trump has a massive conflict of interest on Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/10/18/president-trump-has-massive-conflict-interest-saudi-arabia/ |work=The Washington Post |date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with [[Turkey]] and Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] because of his [[Trump Towers Istanbul]], saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job{{nbsp}}... It's called Trump Towers{{snd}}two towers instead of one{{nbsp}}... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip|last=Bump|title=Trump's decision on Syria crystallizes questions about his business – and his presidency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/07/trumps-decision-syria-crystallizes-questions-about-his-business-his-presidency/? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's longtime business connections in Turkey back in the spotlight |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/donald-trump-s-longtime-business-connections-turkey-back-spotlight-n1064011 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 9, 2019 |first1=Heidi |last1=Przybyla |first2=Anna |last2=Schecter}}</ref>
+
+== Media career ==
+=== Books ===
+
+{{Main|Bibliography of Donald Trump}}
+
+Trump's first book, ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' (1987), topped the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller list]] for 13 weeks, and remained on the list for 48 weeks.<ref name=janemayer /> According to ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon."<ref name=janemayer>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Jane |last=Mayer |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 18, 2016 |accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Co-author [[Tony Schwartz (author)|Tony Schwartz]] later said he did all the writing.<ref name=janemayer /> Two further memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997. Trump's writings then shifted to financial tips and political opinion.<ref name=lozada>{{cite news |first=Carlos |last=Lozada |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=I just binge-read eight books by Donald Trump. Here's what I learned. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2015/07/30/i-just-binge-read-eight-books-by-donald-trump-heres-what-i-learned/ |date=July 30, 2015 |accessdate=June 18, 2017}}</ref>
+
+=== WWE ===
+
+Trump has had a sporadic relationship with [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] since the late 1980s; in 1988 and 1989, [[WrestleMania IV]] and [[WrestleMania V|V]], which took place at the [[Atlantic City]] Convention Hall, were billed as taking place at the nearby [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino|Trump Plaza]].<ref name="myth">{{cite news |last=Lelinwalla |first=Mark |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/138117/20160304/donald-trumps-history-wwe.htm |title=Looking Back At Donald Trump's WWE Career |website=Tech Times |date=March 4, 2016|access-date=July 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=wwebio>{{cite web |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump bio |website=[[WWE]] |accessdate=March 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="chief_heel">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Chris |last2=Wetherbee |first2=Brandon |url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/12/donald-trump-learned-his-political-moves-from-wwe.html |title=Heel in Chief |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref> He headlined the record-breaking [[WrestleMania 23]] in 2007.<ref name="chief_heel"/> In 2013, he was inducted into the [[WWE Hall of Fame (2013)|WWE Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Graser |first=Marc |url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/donald-trump-enters-wwes-hall-of-fame-819010/ |title=Donald Trump Enters WWE's Hall of Fame |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref>
+
+[[Vince McMahon]], the CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, and his wife [[Linda McMahon|Linda]]{{snd}}who later served under Trump as the [[Administrator of the Small Business Administration]]{{snd}}donated toward his endeavors, including a total of $5 million to the [[Trump Foundation]] after WWE performances in 2007 and 2009, and $6 million to his presidential campaign in 2016.<ref name="chief_heel" />
+
+=== ''The Apprentice'' ===
+
+{{main|The Apprentice (American TV series)}}
+
+In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of ''The Apprentice'', a [[reality show]] in which contestants competed for a one-year management job with the Trump Organization, and Trump weeded out applicants with the [[catchphrase]] "You're fired".<ref name="jk-8-7-15">{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Koffler |title=Donald Trump's 16 Biggest Business Failures and Successes |date=August 7, 2015 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://time.com/3988970/donald-trump-business/}}</ref><ref name="born_7-17-16">{{cite news |last1=Grynbaum |first1=Michael M. |last2=Parker |first2=Ashley |author2link=Ashley Parker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html |title=Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2016 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title=On TV, Trump loved to say 'You're fired.' In real life, he leaves the dirty work to others. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/on-tv-trump-loved-to-say-youre-fired-in-real-life-he-leaves-the-dirty-work-to-others/2018/03/14/0e85d25e-27a7-11e8-b79d-f3d931db7f68_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> He later co-hosted ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice]]'', in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<ref name="jk-8-7-15" /><ref name="born_7-17-16" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Nussbaum |first=Emily |authorlink=Emily Nussbaum |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/07/31/the-tv-that-created-donald-trump |title=The TV That Created Donald Trump |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=July 31, 2017 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> In February 2015, Trump said he was not ready to sign on for another season of the show because he considered running for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20150227/NEWS0605/150229334/1010/Art |work=[[New Hampshire Union Leader]] |title=Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run |first=Paul |last=Feely |date=February 27, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710152015/http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20150227%2FNEWS0605%2F150229334%2F1010%2FArt |archive-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> Despite this, NBC planned a fifteenth season,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2015/03/nbc-still-planning-for-apprentice-despite-donald-trumps-204171.html |work=[[Politico]] |title=NBC still planning for 'Apprentice', despite Donald Trump's presidential claims |first=Dylan |last=Byers |authorlink=Dylan Byers |date=March 18, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> but in June distanced itself from Trump, citing "derogatory statements regarding immigrants" in his campaign announcement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/ |title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref>
+
+=== Acting ===
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump filmography}}
+
+Trump has made [[cameo appearances]] in twelve films and 14 television series<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite news |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockett |first=Dee |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/06/donald-trump-was-in-the-little-rascals.html |title=Yes, Donald Trump Did Actually Play a Spoiled Rich Kid's Dad in The Little Rascals |work=Vulture |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> and performed a song as a [[Green Acres]] character with [[Megan Mullally]] at the [[57th Primetime Emmy Awards]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanley |first=Patrick |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Emmys Flashback: When Trump Sang the 'Green Acres' Theme in Overalls |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nededog |first=Jethro |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Megan Mullally regrets helping Trump with a 'landslide' win: 'I'm not giving him any points' |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> Trump receives a pension as a member of the [[Screen Actors Guild]].<ref name="jh_2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-did-donald-trump-get-810566 |title=How Did Donald Trump Get a $110K SAG Pension? |newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Jonathan |last=Handel}}</ref> His financial disclosure forms mentioned an annual pension of $110,000 in 2016 and $85,000 in 2017.<ref name="jh_2016" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-07-23/inside-candidate-trump-s-110-000-hollywood-pension-disclosure |title=Inside Donald Trump's $110,000 Hollywood Pension Disclosure |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Christopher |last=Palmeri}}</ref><ref name="jh-2017">{{cite news |last=Handler |first=Jonathan |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trump-ethics-filing-again-shows-sag-pension-entertainment-income-1014417 |title=Trump Ethics Filing Reveals SAG Pension, Entertainment Income |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref>
+
+=== Talk shows ===
+Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated ''[[Howard Stern Show]]''.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166]}} He also had his own short-form talk radio program called ''[[Trumped!]]'' (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Massie |first1=Christopher |last2=Kaczynski |first2=Andrew |author2link=Andrew Kaczynski |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated |title=There Are Hours Of Audio Of Donald Trump's Nationally Syndicated Radio Show In The 2000s |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=March 16, 2016 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,632500,00.html |title=The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=November 19, 2013 |first=Stephen M. |last=Silverman |authorlink=Stephen M. Silverman}}</ref><!-- Only sources I find are from 2004 like this: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040607005748/en/Trumped!-Donald-Trump-Biggest-Launch-Radio-History --><ref>{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Tedeschi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/06/technology/now-for-sale-online-the-art-of-the-vacation.html |title=Now for Sale Online, the Art of the Vacation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 6, 2006 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on ''[[Fox & Friends]]'' that continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/business/media/fox-news-trump-bill-shine.html/ |title=Fox News Once Gave Trump a Perch. Now It's His Bullhorn. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 1, 2018 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gertz |first=Matthew |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/05/trump-media-feedback-loop-216248 |title=I've Studied the Trump-Fox Feedback Loop for Months. It's Crazier Than You Think. |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Montopoli |first=Brian |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-gets-regular-fox-news-spot/ |title=Donald Trump gets regular Fox News spot |website=[[CBS News]] |date=April 1, 2011 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |title=How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ |accessdate=October 19, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2016}}</ref>
+
+== Political career ==
+=== Political activities up to 2015 ===
+
+Trump's political party affiliation has changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<ref name="PolitiFact.24.Aug.15">{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' |url=https://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> He made donations to both the Democratic and the Republican parties, party committees, and candidates until 2010 when he stopped donating to Democrats and increased his donations to Republicans considerably.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kurtzleben |first=Danielle |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/07/28/426888268/donald-trumps-flipping-political-donations?t=1536218394951 |title=Most of Donald Trump's Political Money Went To Democrats – Until Five Years Ago |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In 1987, Trump spent $94,801 ({{Inflation|US|94,801|1987|fmt=eq}}) to place full-page advertisements in three major newspapers, proclaiming "America should stop paying to defend countries that can afford to defend themselves."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/02/nyregion/trump-gives-a-vague-hint-of-candidacy.html |title=Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Michael |last=Oreskes |authorlink=Michael Oreskes |date=September 2, 1987 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> The advertisements also advocated for "reducing the budget deficit, working for peace in Central America, and speeding up nuclear disarmament negotiations with the [[Soviet Union]]".<ref name="democrat.gala">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/18/us/trump-urged-to-head-gala-of-democrats.html |title=Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 18, 1987 |first=Fox |last=Butterfield}}</ref> After rumors of a presidential run, Trump was invited by then U.S. senator [[John Kerry]] (Democrat from Massachusetts), [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House speaker]] [[Jim Wright]] of Texas, and Arkansas congressman [[Beryl Anthony Jr.]] to host a fundraising dinner for Democratic congressional candidates and to switch parties. Anthony told ''The New York Times'' that "the message Trump has been preaching is a Democratic message." Asked whether the rumors were true, Trump denied being a candidate, but said, "I believe that if I did run for President, I'd win."<ref name="democrat.gala" /> According to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll in December 1988, Trump was the tenth most admired man in America.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3]}}{{sfn|Gallup|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC&pg=PA3 3]}}
+
+==== 2000 presidential campaign ====
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign}}
+
+In 1999, Trump filed an [[exploratory committee]] to seek the nomination of the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] for the 2000 presidential election.<ref name="NYTimes.Revolution" /><ref name=Winger-111225>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Winger |authorlink=Richard Winger |title=Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries |date=December 25, 2011 |website=[[Ballot Access News]] |url=https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/}}</ref> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee [[George W. Bush]] and likely Democratic nominee [[Al Gore]] showed Trump with seven percent support.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House |last=Johnson |first=Glen |work=Standard-Speaker |location=Hazelton, Pennsylvania}}</ref> Trump eventually dropped out of the race, but still went on to win the Reform Party primaries in California and Michigan.<ref name=Winger-111225/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://primary2000.sos.ca.gov/returns/pres/00.htm |title=CA Secretary of State – Primary 2000 – Statewide Totals |publisher=ca.gov |accessdate=July 1, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216145038/https://primary2000.sos.ca.gov/returns/pres/00.htm |archivedate=February 16, 2015}}</ref> After his run, he left the party due to the involvement of [[David Duke]], [[Pat Buchanan]], and [[Lenora Fulani]].<ref name="NYTimes.Revolution">{{cite news |first=Donald J. |last=Trump |title=What I Saw at the Revolution |date=February 19, 2000 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html}}</ref> He also considered running for president in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Travis |first=Shannon |title=Was he ever serious? How Trump strung the country along, again |url=https://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/16/trump.again/ |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 7, 2015 |date=May 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2008, he endorsed Republican [[John McCain]] for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/18/trump-endorses-mccain/ |title=Trump endorses McCain |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 18, 2008 |accessdate=July 12, 2016}}</ref>
+
+==== 2012 presidential speculation ====
+
+[[File:Donald Trump (5440995138).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], February 2011]]
+
+Trump publicly speculated about running for president in [[2012 United States presidential election|the 2012 election]], and made his first speaking appearance at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in February 2011. The speech is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.towleroad.com/2011/02/goproud-leads-trump-in-2012-movement-at-cpac/ |title=GOProud Leads 'Trump in 2012' Movement at CPAC |website=[[Towleroad.com]] |date=February 10, 2011 |last=Belonsky |first=Andrew}}</ref>
+On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election.<ref name=cnnnotrunning>{{cite news |author=CNN Political Unit |title=Trump not running for president |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/16/breaking-trump-not-running-for-president/ |date=May 16, 2011 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref> In February 2012, Trump endorsed [[Mitt Romney]] for president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump endorses Romney, cites tough China position and electability |date=February 2, 2012 |website=[[Fox News]] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/02/02/trump-plans-to-endorse-romney-sources-say.html}}</ref>
+
+Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |authorlink=Ewen MacAskill |title=Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 16, 2011 |quote=Few U.S. political commentators took his campaign seriously and many suggested he was only in it for the publicity.}}</ref> Trump's moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show ''The Apprentice''.<ref name=cnnnotrunning /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2011/0210/Donald-Trump-says-he-might-run-for-president.-Three-reasons-he-won-t |title=Donald Trump says he might run for president. Three reasons he won't. |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=February 10, 2011 |first=Peter |last=Grier |accessdate=April 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/donald-trump-cpac-president-act_n_821923.html |title=Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |first=Jason |last=Linkins |date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> Before the 2016 election, ''The New York Times'' speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the [[White House Correspondents' Association]] Dinner in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 12, 2016 |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |author2link=Alex Burns (journalist) |title=Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html}}</ref>
+
+In 2011, according to Evan Jones, the headmaster of the New York Military Academy at the time, the then-superintendent Jeffrey Coverdale had demanded Trump's academic records, to hand them over to "prominent, wealthy alumni of the school who were Mr. Trump's friends" at their request. Coverdale said he had refused to hand over Trump's records to trustees of the school, and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. Jones stated: "It was the only time in my education career that I ever heard of someone's record being removed," while Coverdale further said: "It's the only time I ever moved an alumnus's records." The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded President Barack Obama's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 5, 2019 |last1=Fisher |first1=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title='Grab that record': How Trump's high school transcript was hidden |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/grab-that-record-how-trumps-high-school-transcript-was-hidden/2019/03/05/8815b7b8-3c61-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== 2013–2015 ====
+
+In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<ref name="CPAC1">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump to address CPAC |url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/donald-trump-address-cpac-205409450--politics.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=March 5, 2013 |first=Chris |last=Moody |accessdate=March 6, 2013}}</ref> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Madison |title=Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-immigration-reform-a-suicide-mission-for-gop/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Amira |title=Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] (magazine) |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/03/donald-trump-cpac-speech-empty-seat-photos.html}}</ref> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<ref name="NYPost2016">{{cite news |title=Trump researching 2016 run |date=May 27, 2013 |website=[[Page Six]] |url=https://pagesix.com/2013/05/27/trump-researching-2016-run/}}</ref>
+
+In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against [[Andrew Cuomo]]. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spector |first=Joseph |title=N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/14/trump-new-york-governor/2979589/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 31, 2013}}</ref> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Jake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-trumped-by-andrew-cuomo-in-new-york-governor-race-poll-finds/ |title=Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds |date=February 13, 2014 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=February 9, 2017}}</ref>
+
+=== 2016 presidential campaign ===
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}
+
+==== Republican primaries ====
+
+{{See also|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}
+[[File:Donald Trump Laconia Rally, Laconia, NH 4 by Michael Vadon July 16 2015 19.jpg|thumb|alt=Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.|Trump campaigning in [[Laconia, New Hampshire]], July 2015]]
+
+On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], [[offshoring]] of American jobs, the [[U.S. national debt]], and [[Islamic terrorism]], which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "[[Make America Great Again]]".<ref name="6/15/15transcript">{{cite speech |url=https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/ |title=Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech |via=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Donald |last=Trump |author-link=Donald Trump |date=June 16, 2015 |location=Trump Tower, New York City}} ''Transcript of full speech''</ref><ref name="AnnouncingCandidacy">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump Presidential Campaign Announcement Full Speech (C-SPAN) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM |website=YouTube |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |format=Video |date=June 16, 2015}}</ref> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066 |first=Adam B. |last=Lerner |title=The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=640280850182090752 |title=By self-funding my campaign, I am not controlled by my donors, special interests or lobbyists. I am only working for the people of the U.S.! |date=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> but according to ''The Atlantic'', "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/ |title=The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=David A. |last=Graham |date=May 13, 2016 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In the primaries, Trump was one of seventeen candidates for the 2016 Republican nomination. This was the largest presidential field in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/3948922/jim-gilmore-virginia-2016/ |title=More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever |last=Linshi |first=Jack |date=July 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 14, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/123228/how-donald-trump-evolved-joke-almost-serious-candidate |date=October 27, 2015 |first=Elspeth |last=Reeve |title=How Donald Trump Evolved From a Joke to an Almost Serious Candidate |work=[[The New Republic]] |accessdate=July 23, 2018}}</ref>
+
+On [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016#March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday|Super Tuesday]], Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/23/why-donald-trump-is-poised-to-win-the-nomination-and-lose-the-general-election-in-one-poll/ |title=Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 23, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> After a landslide win in [[Indiana Republican primary, 2016|Indiana]] on May 3, 2016{{snd}}which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and [[John Kasich]] to suspend their presidential campaigns{{snd}}[[Republican National Committee|RNC]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<ref name="politico_priebus">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/reince-priebus-donald-trump-is-nominee-222767 |title=RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=May 3, 2016 |accessdate=May 4, 2016 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
+
+==== General election campaign ====
+
+After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the [[2016 United States presidential election|general election]]. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.
+
+Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016|national polls]] throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|email controversy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/amp/poll-clinton-trump-now-tied-gop-convention-kicks-n611936 |title=Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off |last1=Hartig |first1=Hannah |last2=Lapinski |first2=John |last3=Psyllos |first3=Stephanie |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-general-election-trump-vs-clinton |title=2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html |title=General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=RealClearPolitics}}</ref>
+[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.|Candidate Trump and running mate [[Mike Pence]] at the [[Republican National Convention]], July 2016]]
+
+On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] as his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP |last=Levingston |first=Ivan |date=July 15, 2016 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/19/republicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html |title=Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee [[Bob Dole]], but the other prior nominees did not attend.<ref name="missing">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-conventions/9-elephants-room-rnc-what-s-missing-speakers-list-n609471 |title=9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |date=July 17, 2016 |accessdate=August 16, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/politics/john-mccain-jeff-flake-donald-trump/ |title=Flake, McCain split over backing Trump |last=Raju |first=Manu |authorlink=Manu Raju |date=May 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 7, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
+
+On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#First presidential debate (Hofstra University)|their first presidential debate]], which was held at [[Hofstra University]] in [[Hempstead, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uspresidentialelectionnews.com/2016-debate-schedule/2016-presidential-debate-schedule/ |title=2016 Presidential Debate Schedule |date=September 23, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2016}}</ref> The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]] was held at [[Washington University in Saint Louis|Washington University]] in Saint Louis, Missouri. The beginning of that debate was dominated by references to a recently leaked tape of [[Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording|Trump making sexually explicit comments]], which Trump countered by referring to alleged sexual misconduct on the part of Bill Clinton. Prior to the debate, Trump had invited four women who had accused Bill Clinton of impropriety to a press conference. The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Third presidential debate (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)|final presidential debate]] was held on October 19 at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37706499 |title=US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-20/how-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate/7950418 |title=How US media reacted to the third presidential debate |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
+
+==== Political positions ====
+
+{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump}}
+
+Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [[U.S.–China relations]] and free trade agreements such as [[NAFTA]] and the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building [[Trump wall|a new wall]] along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing [[energy independence]] while opposing climate change regulations such as the [[Clean Power Plan]] and the [[Paris Agreement]], modernizing and expediting [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs#Benefits|services for veterans]], repealing and replacing the [[Affordable Care Act]], abolishing [[Common Core]] education standards, [[Infrastructure-based development|investing in infrastructure]], simplifying the [[Internal Revenue Code|tax code]] while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing [[tariff]]s on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely [[United States non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000 |title=Trump's promises before and after election |date=September 19, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called [[NATO]] "obsolete".<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/ |title=Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2017 |accessdate=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |issn=0146-3373 |year=2018 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 |title=Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World |quote=On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete' |journal=[[Communication Quarterly]] |volume=66 |issue=2<!-- |pages=176–195 --> |page=176 |first=Jason A. |last=Edwards}}</ref>
+
+His political positions have been described as [[Populism|populist]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=What Is Populism? |last=Muller |first=Jan-Werner |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8122-9378-4 |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html |title=How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'? |last=Kazin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Kazin |date=March 22, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 |title=Trump's 6 populist positions |last=Becker |first=Bernie |date=February 13, 2016 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,<ref name="Donaldjtrump.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |title=Tax Reform |website=Donald J. Trump for president website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |archivedate=January 4, 2016 |accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> consistent with Republican Party policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/16/one-thing-donald-trump-got-right-about-how-the-u-s-is-spending-its-money/ |title=Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night |last=Ehrenfreund |first=Max |date=December 16, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html |title=Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=December 21, 2016 |accessdate=December 21, 2016 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-infrastructure-cities/512432/ |title=Would Trump's Infrastructure Plan Fix America's Cities? |last=Williams |first=Mason B. |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> According to political writer [[Jack Shafer]], Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he attracts [[earned media|free media attention]], sometimes by making outrageous comments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/did-media-reporters-create-trump-2016-campaign-213840 |title=Did We Create Trump? |last=Shafer |first=Jack |authorlink=Jack Shafer |date=May 2016 |quote=... Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest ... |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC&pg=PA56 56]}}
+
+Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<ref name="davida.fahrenthold">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/ |title=20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |date=August 17, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehillFLIP">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops |title='Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=July 12, 2015 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref><ref name="real Donald">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607 |title=Will the real Donald Trump please stand up? |last=Noah |first=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Noah |date=July 26, 2015 |newspaper=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<ref name="real Donald" /> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801 |title=A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>
+
+==== Campaign rhetoric ====
+
+In his campaign, Trump said he disdained [[political correctness]]; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse [[media bias]].<ref name=Walsh-160724>{{cite news |first=Kenneth T. |last=Walsh |authorlink=Kenneth T. Walsh |title=Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |quote='If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ted |last=Koppel |authorlink=Ted Koppel |title=Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person" |date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ |quote=Well, I think that I'm an honest person{{nbsp}}... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna{{snd}}you know, I do want them to be straight about it.}}</ref><ref name=Blake-150706>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/ |title=Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. |first=Aaron |last=Blake |date=July 6, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of [[earned media|free media coverage]] during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/ |title=This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |date=June 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
+
+Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="year">{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |title=2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=December 21, 2015 |first1=Angie Drobnic |last1=Holan |author1link=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu}}</ref><ref name="wapo-false">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Farhi |title=Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) |date=February 26, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html}}</ref> At least four major publications{{snd}}''Politico'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{snd}}have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the ''Los Angeles Times'' saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html |title=The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar |first=Brian |last=Stelter |authorlink=Brian Stelter |date=September 26, 2016}}</ref> [[NPR]] said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCammon |first=Sarah |title=Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line |website=[[NPR]] |date=August 10, 2016 |quote=Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.}}</ref>
+
+Trump's penchant for [[hyperbole]] is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<ref name="reuters-20150828" /> Trump adopted his [[Tony Schwartz (author)|ghostwriter's]] phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<ref name="reuters-20150828">{{cite news |first1=Emily |last1=Flitter |first2=James |last2=Oliphant |title=Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire |date=August 28, 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova />
+
+==== Support from the far right ====
+
+{{anchor|White supremacist support}}
+
+According to [[Michael Barkun]], the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkun |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Barkun |year=2017<!-- |issn=0954-6553 (print) --> |title=President Trump and the ''Fringe'' |journal=[[Terrorism and Political Violence]] |volume=29<!-- |pages=437–443 --> |issue=3 |page=437 |doi=10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649 |issn=1556-1836}}</ref> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=German |title=We need to stop acting like Trump isn't pandering to white supremacists |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/13/16140504/trump-charlottesville-white-supremacists |accessdate=January 2, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blow |first=Charles M. |authorlink=Charles M. Blow |title=Is Trump a White Supremacist? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/opinion/trump-white-supremacist.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kharakh |first1=Ben |last2=Primack |first2=Dan |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists |url=https://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> He retweeted open racists,<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Daniel |title=Trump Criticized for Retweeting Racist Account |url=https://time.com/4190482/donald-trump-twitter-racist-retweet/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory |date=November 9, 2016 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/11/09/white-nationalists-and-alt-right-celebrate-trump%E2%80%99s-victory |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |accessdate=November 10, 2016}}</ref> and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's ''[[State of the Union (TV series)|State of the Union]]'', saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement |url=https://time.com/4240268/donald-trump-kkk-david-duke/ |accessdate=January 20, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 2016 |first=Melissa |last=Chan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |title=Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/12/30/donald-trump-and-the-alt-right-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2016}}</ref> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/12/16138358/charlottesville-protests-david-duke-kkk |title="Why we voted for Donald Trump": David Duke explains the white supremacist Charlottesville protests |last=Nelson |first=Libby |date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/08/15/david-duke-reaction-trump-news-conference/570517001/ |title=Former KKK leader David Duke praises Trump for his 'courage' |last=Cummings |first=William |date=August 15, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref>
+
+After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<ref name="cnnduke">{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2016 |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump denounces David Duke, KKK |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-disavows-david-duke-kkk/index.html}}</ref> Trump said on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[Morning Joe]]'': "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<ref name="cnnduke"/>
+
+The [[alt-right]] movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> due in part to its [[opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |authorlink=David Weigel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html |title='Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 20, 2016 |accessdate=June 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNNexplained">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it? |first=Gregory |last=Krieg |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |date=August 25, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html |title='Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election |first=Demetri |last=Sevastopulo |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
+Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=George |title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right |date=2017 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-54600-3}}</ref>
+In August 2016, he appointed [[Steve Bannon]]{{snd}}the executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]]{{snd}}as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<ref>{{cite news |title=Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/15/breitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 15, 2016 |first=Jason |last=Wilson}}</ref> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<ref name=BBC.Disavows>{{cite news |title=Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069469 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html}}</ref>
+
+==== Financial disclosures ====
+
+As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC">{{cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html/ |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |title=Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regulators |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033902/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html |archivedate=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[U.S. Office of Government Ethics]] |via=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=July 15, 2015 |title=Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e) |url=https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf |archivedate=July 23, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf}}</ref> The 2016 form showed little change.<ref name="cnn-20160519" />
+
+Trump has not released [[Donald Trump's tax returns|his tax returns]], contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promise in 2014 to do so if he ran for office.<ref name="Rappeport">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ |title=Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns |last=Rappeport |first=Alan |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 11, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<ref name="CNNtax26Feb">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/ |title=Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits |last=Isidore |first=Chris |date=February 26, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2016 |last2=Sahadi |first2=Jeanne |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/13/politics/donald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business/ |title=Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business' |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |date=May 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
+
+In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from ''The New York Times''. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<ref name="nyt-20161010">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Twohey |first2=Megan |author2link=Megan Twohey |date=October 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
+
+On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to [[MSNBC]]. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<ref name="nyt-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Drucker |first2=Jesse |last3=Craig |first3=Susanne |author3link=Susanne Craig |last4=Barstow |first4=David |author4link=David Barstow |date=March 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="hill-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005 |title=WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05 |last=Jagoda |first=Naomi |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref>
+
+On April 3, 2019, the House [[Ways and Means Committee]] made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2 |title=House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns |first=Marcy |last=Gordon |date=April 4, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> That day, Treasury secretary [[Steven Mnuchin]] said the deadline would not be met,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html |title=Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 10, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Damian |last2=Paletta |author2link=Damian Paletta}}</ref> and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760 |title=IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns |first=Aaron |last=Lorenzo |website=[[Politico]] |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> and on May{{nbsp}}6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html |title=Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress |first=Alan |last=Rappeport |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 6, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> On May 10, 2019, committee chairman [[Richard Neal]] subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html |title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=May 10, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367 |title=Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns |first=Richard |last=Rubin |date=May 17, 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 21, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey}}</ref> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270 |title=Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns |first=Toby |last=Eckert |website=[[Politico]] |date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== Election to the presidency ===
+
+{{Main|2016 United States presidential election}}
+[[File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|2016 electoral vote results]]
+
+On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after [[Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|defections on both sides]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Kiersten |last1=Schmidt |first2=Wilson |last2=Andrews |title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton |date=December 19, 2016 |accessdate=January 31, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html}}</ref> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|while losing the popular vote]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Desilver |first=Drew |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ |title=Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=December 20, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of [[1824 United States presidential election|1824]], [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]], [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. [[John Quincy Adams]] trailed in ''both'' the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and [[Samuel Tilden]] in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=G. Scott |title=Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |page=125 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |authorlink=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665 |title=Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>}} Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes ({{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}) to 62,984,828 votes ({{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results |url=https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
+
+Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide{{snd}}though diminishing{{snd}}lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Maxwell |last=Tani |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html |title=Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Nate |last=Cohn |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref><!-- Likely a combination of multiple factors, don't simplify with just one explanation. -->
+The polls were relatively accurate,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 17, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/}}</ref> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=The Media Has A Probability Problem |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/}}</ref>
+
+Trump won 30 states, including [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Wisconsin]], which had been considered a [[Blue wall (politics)|blue wall]] of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with [[United States Presidents and control of Congress|control of]] both chambers of [[United States Congress|Congress]].
+
+Trump is [[List of Presidents of the United States by net worth|the wealthiest president in U.S. history]], even after [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusting]] for [[inflation]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1 |title=Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history |last=Martin |first=Emmie |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and the oldest person to take office as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office |title=It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office |last=Kurtzlebel |first=Danielle |date=June 14, 2016 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=May 3, 2019}}</ref> He is also [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|the first president]] who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Weber |title=Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience |date=November 9, 2016 |website=[[The Week]] |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jesse |last=Yomtov |title=Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents |date=November 8, 2016 |website=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/08/donald-trump-experience-president/93504134/}}</ref><ref name="voxexp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience |title=Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience |last=Crockett |first=Zachary |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 3, 2017}}</ref> Of the 43{{efn|[[Grover Cleveland]] was the [[List of Presidents of the United States|22nd and 24th president]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes |url=http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/ |website=[[NPR]] |date=November 10, 2016 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archivedate=February 7, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/}}</ref>}} previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<ref name="voxexp" />
+
+=== Protests ===
+
+{{Main|Protests against Donald Trump}}
+[[File:Women's March on Washington (32593123745).jpg|thumb|[[2017 Women's March|Women's March]] in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration]]
+
+Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/ |title=Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally |last=Moyer |first=Justin Wm. |date=March 11, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Starrs |first2=Jenny |last3=Larimer |first3=Sarah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/ |title=Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Miller |first2=Michael E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/ |title=Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/ |title=Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect |last=Cummings |first=William |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11 |title=Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair' |last=Colson |first=Thomas |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref>
+
+In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the [[2017 Women's March|Women Marches]], which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<ref name="USAToday01a">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ |title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations |last1=Przybyla |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Schouten |first2=Fredreka |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |edition=online}}</ref> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html |title=We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}</ref> Moreover, marches against his [[Executive Order 13769|travel ban]] began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/ |title=Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban |work=[[ThinkProgress]] |date=January 28, 2017 |first=Adrienne Mahsa |last=Varkiani |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}</ref>
+
+=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign}}
+
+Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632 |title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things' |last=Westwood |first=Sarah |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |date=January 22, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |title=Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day |publisher=[[KTVK]] |location=Phoenix, Arizona |first=Lee |last=Morehouse |date=January 31, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election# |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in [[Melbourne, Florida]], on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/ |title=Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday |last=Graham |first=David A. |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=February 15, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank |title=Trump's 2020 Re-Election Committee Has $22.1 Million in the Bank |last1=McCormick |first1=John |last2=Jacobs |first2=Jennifer |date=January 31, 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary |title=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. / Presidential – Principal campaign committee / Financial summary |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 31, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref> $23 million was spent in the fourth quarter of 2018, as Trump supported various Republican candidates for the [[2018 midterm elections]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00580100/1312481/ |title=FEC Form 3P – Report of receipts and disbursements – Filing FEC-1312481 |author=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=January 31, 2019 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref>
+
+== Presidency ==
+
+{{Main|Presidency of Donald Trump}}
+{{for timeline|Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency}}
+[[File:58th Presidential Inaugural Ceremony 170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg|thumb|right|Trump with [[Chuck Schumer]], [[Barack Obama]] and [[Joe Biden]] at his inauguration in 2017]]
+
+=== Early actions ===
+
+{{See also|Presidential transition of Donald Trump|First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency}}
+
+[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump was inaugurated]] as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed [[List of executive actions by Donald Trump#Executive orders|six executive orders]]: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (Obamacare), withdrawal from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] negotiations, reinstatement of the [[Mexico City Policy]], unlocking the [[Keystone XL]] and [[Dakota Access Pipeline]] construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a [[Trump wall|wall along the U.S. border with Mexico]].<ref name=exec-summary>{{cite news |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |title=All of Trump's executive actions so far |url=https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288 |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref>
+
+Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html |title=Trump Sons Forge Ahead Without Father, Expanding and Navigating Conflicts |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author1link=Eric Lipton |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig |date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband [[Jared Kushner]]. She serves as an assistant to the President,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair |author=V.v.B |title=Ivanka Trump's new job |date=March 31, 2017 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> and he is a [[Senior Advisor to the President of the United States|Senior Advisor]] in the White House.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |first2=Eric |last2=Lipton |author2link=Eric Lipton |first3=Charlie |last3=Savage |author3link=Charlie Savage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html |title=Jared Kushner, Trump's Son-in-Law, Is Cleared to Serve as Adviser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref>
+
+On January 31, [[Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination|Trump nominated]] U.S. Appeals Court judge [[Neil Gorsuch]] to fill the seat on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] previously held by Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] until his death on February 13, 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |title=Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court |last=Barnes |first=Robert |date=January 31, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref>
+
+=== Domestic policy ===
+==== Economy and trade ====
+
+{{Main|Economic policy of Donald Trump}}
+{{See also|Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tariffs}}
+
+The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office. Throughout his presidency, he has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/ |title=President Trump's repeated claim: 'The greatest economy in the history of our country' |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 7, 2018 |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist)}}</ref>
+
+In December 2017, Trump signed the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017]], which cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the [[Estate tax in the United States|estate tax]] exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html |title=What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Wilson |last1=Andrews |first2=Alicia |last2=Parlapiano |date=December 15, 2017 |accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
+[[File:Donald Trump in Ypsilanti (33998674940) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017]]
+
+Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized [[NAFTA]] during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schlesinger |first=Jacob M. |title=Trump Forged His Ideas on Trade in the 1980s – And Never Deviated |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508 |date=November 15, 2018 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=November 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538 |title=Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=June 28, 2016 |last2=Nelson |first2=Colleen McCain |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}} |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/ |title=Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster" |date=September 25, 2015 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> He withdrew the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP) negotiations,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html |title=Trump's TPP withdrawal: 5 things to know |last=Bradner |first=Eric |date=January 23, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<ref name=Inman>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs |title=The war over steel: Trump tips global trade into new turmoil |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 10, 2018 |accessdate=March 15, 2018 |last=Inman |first=Phillip}}</ref> and launched a [[China–United States trade war|trade war]] with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/ |title=Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=January 7, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC |title=Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes |date=June 16, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=David |last1=Lawder |first2=Ben |last2=Blanchard}}</ref> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the [[U.S. Treasury]].<ref name="Newburger-190512">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html |title=Kudlow acknowledges US will pay for China tariffs, contradicting Trump |website=[[CNBC]] |date=May 12, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Emma |last=Newburger}}</ref>
+
+==== Energy and climate ====
+
+{{Main|Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
+
+Trump rejects the [[scientific consensus on climate change]].<ref name="ParkerDavenport">{{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Parker |author1link=Ashley Parker |first2=Coral |last2=Davenport |title=Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules |date=May 26, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Samenow |authorlink=Jason Samenow |title=Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate |date=March 22, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate}}</ref> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment |date=February 12, 2018 |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=May 27, 2018 |first1=Michael |last1=Greshko |first2=Laura |last2=Parker |first3=Brian Clark |last3=Howard |first4=Daniel |last4=Stone |first5=Alejandra |last5=Borunda |first6=Sarah |last6=Gibbens}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement]], making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brandy |title=As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Trump attended the [[44th G7 summit]] held in Canada in 2018 and the [[45th G7 summit]] held in France in 2019, but he skipped the discussions related to the environment and climate. He held a press conference following the 2019 summit in which he said he is "an environmentalist" adding, "I think I know more about the environment than most people."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |title=Trump departs G7 ahead of climate change talks |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/09/politics/g7-trump-climate-change/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Teirstein |first1=Zoya |title=Donald 'I'm an environmentalist' Trump skips G7 climate meeting |url=https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/ |website=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |date=August 26, 2019 |accessdate=August 27, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing [[greenhouse gas]] emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Albeck-Ripka |first2=Livia |last3=Pierre-Louis |first3=Kendra |title=85 Environmental Rules Being Rolled Back Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html |accessdate=December 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Timothy |title=Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6 |accessdate=December 15, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== Government size and deregulation ====
+
+Trump's early policies have favored [[deregulation|rollback and dismantling of government regulations]]. He signed a [[Congressional Review Act]] disapproval resolution, the first in 16 years and second overall.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Adriance |first=Sam |title=President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years |date=February 16, 2017 |magazine=[[The National Law Review]] |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farand |first=Chloe |title=Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html |date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284 |work=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017 |date=March 5, 2017 |quote=More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target.}}</ref>
+
+On January 30, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13771]], which directed administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html |date=January 30, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |author1link=White House Office of the Press Secretary |title=Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling |accessdate=May 16, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<ref name="mcalabresi">{{cite news |last=Calabresi |first=Massimo |title=Inside Donald Trump's War against the State |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 9, 2017 |url=https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/ |quote=Staffed by experts who oversee an open governmental process, they say, the federal bureaucracy exists to protect those who would otherwise be at the mercy of better-organized, better-funded interests.}}</ref>
+
+==== Health care ====
+
+During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (ACA or "Obamacare").<ref name="Kodjak">{{cite news |last=Kodjak |first=Alison |authorlink=Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak |title=Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Walsh">{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Deirdre |last2=Lee |first2=MJ |title=Trump wants Obamacare repeal 'quickly', but Republicans aren't ready |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/paul-ryan-obamacare-repeal-and-replace/index.html |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to repeal it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal |title=House passes Obamacare repeal |last=Sullivan |first=Peter |date=May 4, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Over the course of several months' effort, however, the Senate was unable to pass any version of a repeal bill.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/27/politics/health-care-debate-thursday/index.html |title=GOP Obamacare repeal bill fails in dramatic late-night vote |date=July 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA [[Annual enrollment|enrollment period]] in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664 |title=Trump says he plans to 'let Obamacare fail' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=July 18, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751 |title=Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs |last=Young |first=Jeffrey |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225 |title=Trump administration slashes Obamacare outreach |last=Pradhan |first=Rachana |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|2017 tax bill]] effectively repealed the ACA's [[Individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Pear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html |title=Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Sullivan |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate |title=Senate GOP repeals ObamaCare mandate |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Health Affairs]] |date=December 20, 2017 |first=Timothy |last=Jost |title=The Tax Bill And The Individual Mandate: What Happened, And What Does It Mean? |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/ |doi=10.1377/hblog20171220.323429 |doi-broken-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>
+
+==== Social issues ====
+
+{{Main|Social policy of Donald Trump}}
+
+Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[pro-life]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>
+
+Trump supports a broad interpretation of the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] and says he is [[Gun politics in the United States|opposed]] to [[gun control]] in general,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705 |title=A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OWSAR">{{cite web |title=Second Amendment Rights |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |website=Donald J. Trump for President |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |archivedate=January 7, 2016 |quote=There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.}}</ref> although his views have shifted over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/ |title=The times Trump changed his positions on guns |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 20, 2016 |first=Gregory |last=Krieg}}</ref> Trump opposes [[Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction|legalizing recreational marijuana]] but supports legalizing [[medical cannabis|medical marijuana]].<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump on Marijuana |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana |website=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> He favors [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]],<ref name="Cop_killers">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/ |title=Trump: Death penalty for cop killers |date=December 11, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FullPageAd1989">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html |title=Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty |date=May 1, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> as well as the use of [[waterboarding]] and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |title=Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite news |title=Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>
+
+=== Immigration ===
+
+{{Main|Immigration policy of Donald Trump}}
+[[File:POTUS visits DHS (31741970743).jpg|thumb|Trump conferring with Vice President Mike Pence and former secretary of homeland security [[John F. Kelly]], January 25, 2017]]
+
+Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build [[Mexico–United States barrier|a more substantial wall]] on the [[Mexico–United States border]] to keep out [[illegal immigrants]] and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269 |title=Who pays for Donald Trump's wall? |date=February 6, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> He pledged to massively deport [[Illegal immigrant population of the United States|illegal immigrants residing in the United States]],<ref name="CBC_August29_2015">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |accessdate=September 29, 2015 |date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> and criticized [[Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship]] for creating "[[anchor babies]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution |title=Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=August 19, 2015 |accessdate=November 22, 2015 |first=Inae |last=Oh}}</ref> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/ |title=Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty |publisher=[[KTRK-TV]] |location=Houston, Texas |date=September 1, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang [[MS-13]], though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/ |title=A USA TODAY analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 |last=Fritze |first=John |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== Travel ban ====
+
+{{Main|Executive Order 13769|Executive Order 13780}}
+
+Following the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]], Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban |date=December 13, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/}}</ref><ref name=Barro>{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Barro |title=How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask |date=December 15, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html |quote=Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jill |last1=Colvin |first2=Bill |last2=Barrow |title=Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce |date=December 14, 2015 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it |quote=He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.}}</ref> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<ref name=Scots>{{cite news |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 25, 2016 |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |title=Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html |quote=[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me'. Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |website=[[NPR]] |date=June 13, 2016 |first=Scott |last=Detrow |title=Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism' |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism |quote=I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html |title=Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work? |last=Park |first=Haeyoun |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}</ref>
+
+On January 27, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13769]], which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately.<ref name="BBC.March.6.17">{{cite news |title=Trump signs new travel ban directive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153 |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=BBC News |date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grinberg |first1=Emanuella |last2=Park |first2=Madison |title=2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump |title=US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests |date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=July 19, 2017}}</ref> [[Sally Yates]], the acting [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html |title=Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban |first1=Evan |last1=Perez |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |author2link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017 |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump immediately dismissed her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on the Appointment of Dana Boente as Acting Attorney General |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general |website=The White House |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Mark |last2=Landler |author2link=Mark Landler |first3=Matt |last3=Apuzzo |author3link=Matt Apuzzo |first4=Eric |last4=Lichtblau}}</ref> [[Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780|Multiple legal challenges]] were filed against the order, and on February{{nbsp}}5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=February 4, 2017 |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Dan |last2=Frosch |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216}}</ref><ref name="LiptakStands">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2017 |first=Adam |last=Liptak |authorlink=Adam Liptak |title=Where Trump's Travel Ban Stands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html}}</ref> On March 6, Trump issued [[Executive Order 13780|a revised order]], which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for [[Permanent residence (United States)|permanent residents]], and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<ref name="Chakraborty3/6/17">{{cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Barnini |title=Trump Signs New Immigration Order, Narrows Scope of Travel Ban |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html |date=March 6, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC.March.6.17" /> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=March 15, 2017 |first1=Dan |last1=Levine |first2=Mica |last2=Rosenberg |title=Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N}}</ref> On June 26, 2017, the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a ''bona fide'' relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<ref name="TravelBanScotus1">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html |title=Trump says Supreme Court decision on travel ban a 'clear victory for our national security' |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Mark |last=Sherman |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 26, 2017 |accessdate=June 27, 2017}}</ref>
+
+The temporary order was replaced by [[Presidential Proclamation 9645]] on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<ref name="Guardian.Oct.10.13">{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY |first=Lawrence |last=Hurley |date=December 4, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<ref name=Wagner>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html |title=Supreme Court upholds Trump's travel ban |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 26, 2018 |accessdate=June 26, 2018 |last1=Wagner |first1=Meg |last2=Ries |first2=Brian}}</ref>
+
+==== DACA ====
+
+In September 2017, Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] announced that [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals|DACA]] would be repealed after six months.<ref name=nytimes-20170905>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/us/politics/trump-daca-dreamers-immigration.html |title=Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Davis |first2=Julie Hirschfeld |author2link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |date=September 5, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Trump argued that "top legal experts" believed DACA was unconstitutional, and called on Congress to use the six-month delay to pass legislation solving the "Dreamers" issue permanently.<ref name="Kopan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/05/politics/daca-trump-congress/index.html |title=Trump ends DACA, but gives Congress window to save it |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> No legislation had been agreed to on DACA by March 2018, when the delay expired.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tal |last=Kopan |authorlink=Tal Kopan |title=DACA's March 5 'deadline' marks only inaction |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/05/politics/daca-deadline-march-5-passing-immigration-courts/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 5, 2018}}</ref> Several states immediately challenged the DACA rescission in court.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |title=Blue states sue Trump over DACA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/06/politics/daca-trump-states-lawsuits/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 6, 2017 |accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Two injunctions in January and February 2018 allowed renewals of applications and stopped the rolling back of DACA, and in April 2018 a federal judge ordered the acceptance of new applications.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jordan |first=Miriam |title=U.S. Must Resume DACA and Accept New Applications, Federal Judge Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/us/daca-dreamers-trump.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] [[Andrew Hanen]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas]] ruled that DACA is likely unconstitutional, but left the program in place as litigation proceeds.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place |title=Texas Judge Says DACA Is Probably Illegal, But Leaves It In Place |website=[[NPR]] |first=Joel |last=Rose |date=August 31, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== Family separation at border ====
+
+{{Main|Trump administration family separation policy}}
+
+In April 2018, Trump enacted a "[[Trump administration family separation policy|zero tolerance]]" immigration policy that temporarily took adults irregularly entering the U.S. into custody for criminal prosecution and forcibly separated children from parents, eliminating the policy of previous administrations, which had made exceptions for families with children.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation |title=Immigrant Children Who Are Forcibly Separated From Their Parents Face Long-Term Trauma |last=Vergano |first=Dan |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |date=June 15, 2018 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bachega |first=Hugo |title=Separation of migrant families: What other countries do |website=[[BBC Online]] |date=June 7, 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756}}</ref> By mid-June, more than 2,300 children had been placed in shelters, including [[Department of Health and Human Services]]-designated "tender age" shelters for children under thirteen,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Garance |last1=Burke |first2=Martha |last2=Mendoza |title=Toddlers Separated From Parents at the Border Are Being Detained in 'Tender Age' Shelters |accessdate=July 24, 2018 |url=http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/ |archivedate=June 20, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/}}</ref> culminating in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<ref name=Colvin>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |title=President Trump's Family Separation Policy Is Dividing Republicans |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 18, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Colvin |first=Jill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted that his administration was merely following the law.<ref name=Davis>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html |title=Separated at the Border From Their Parents: In Six Weeks, 1,995 Children |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Davis |first=Julie}}</ref><ref name=McArdle>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/ |title=White House Blames Democrats for Separation of Families at Border |website=[[National Review]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=McArdle |first=Mairead}}</ref><ref name=Sarlin>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701 |title=Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Sarlin |first=Benjy}}</ref>
+On June 20, Trump signed an executive order to end family separations at the U.S. border.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html}}</ref> On June 26 a federal judge in San Diego issued a preliminary injunction requiring the Trump administration to stop detaining immigrant parents separately from their minor children, and to reunite family groups who had been separated at the border.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html |title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border |last=Jarrett |first=Laura |date=June 27, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref>
+
+==== 2018–2019 federal government shutdown ====
+
+{{Main|2018–19 United States federal government shutdown}}
+
+On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a [[Trump border wall|U.S.–Mexico border wall]] to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |first2=Michael |last2=Tackett |author2link=Michael Tackett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html |title=Trump and Democrats Dig In After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wamsley |first=Laurel |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways |title=How Is The Shutdown Affecting America? Let Us Count The Ways |date=January 9, 2019 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump said he would not accept any bill that does not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation that Trump would not sign.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Damian |last1=Paletta |author1link=Damian Paletta |first2=Erica |last2=Werner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html |title=Trump falsely claims Mexico is paying for wall, demands taxpayer money for wall in meeting with Democrats |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<ref name=Nakamura-190109>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title='He's a gut politician': Trump's go-to negotiating tactics aren't working in shutdown standoff |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2019 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first1=David |last1=Nakamura |first2=Seung Min |last2=Kim}}</ref>
+
+=== Foreign policy ===
+
+{{Main|Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
+[[File:G7 Taormina family photo 2017-05-26.jpg|thumb|Trump together with other leaders at the [[43rd G7 summit]] in Italy]]
+[[File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, Melania Trump, and Donald Trump, May 2017.jpg|thumb|Trump, King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]], and Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] at the [[2017 Riyadh summit]] in Saudi Arabia]]
+
+Trump has been described as a [[Non-interventionism|non-interventionist]]<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rucker">{{cite news |first1=Philip |last1=Rucker |author1link=Philip Rucker |first2=Robert |last2=Costa |author2link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy |date=March 21, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/}}</ref> and as an [[American nationalist]].<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{cite news |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237 |title=Donald Trump, American Nationalist |newspaper=[[The National Interest]] |date=November 3, 2015 |first=Colin |last=Dueck}}</ref> In 2019, Trump gave a speech at the UN General Assembly calling for world leaders to look after their own interests.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 24, 2019 |title=Trump calls on nations to reject globalism, embrace nationalism |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-trump-globalism/trump-calls-on-nations-to-reject-globalism-embrace-nationalism-idUSKBN1W91XP}}</ref> He has repeatedly said he supports an "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |title=Donald Trump's speech: 'America first', but an America absent from the world |date=July 22, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/}}</ref> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<ref name="nationalinterest.org" /> but favors decreasing United States spending on [[NATO]] and in the Pacific region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump reveals his isolationist foreign-policy instincts |date=May 22, 2016 |website=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy}}</ref> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<ref name="rucker" />
+
+His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of [[authoritarian]] [[Strongman (politics)|strongmen]] and criticism of [[Liberal democracy|democratically-led governments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381 |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last=Carothers |first=Thomas |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2019 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Trump has cited China's president [[Xi Jinping]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=March 4, 2018 |title=US President Donald Trump praises China's Xi Jinping for consolidating grip on power |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441}}</ref> Philippines president [[Rodrigo Duterte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/ |title=Donald Trump repeatedly praises Philippines' President Duterte during Asia trip |website=[[Global News]] |date=November 13, 2017 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Jill |last2=Colvin}}</ref> Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 21, 2017 |first=Rachael |last=Revesz |title=Donald Trump praises Egypt President al-Sisi and plans trip to Cairo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html}}</ref> Turkey's president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first1=Margaret |last1=Talev |first2=Jennifer |last2=Jacobs |title=Trump Praises Erdogan for 'High Marks' Amid Crackdown Concerns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns}}</ref> King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 6, 2017 |first=Angelica |last=LaVito |title=Trump praises Saudi king after crackdown |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html}}</ref> Italy's prime minister [[Giuseppe Conte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/ |title=Donal Trump elogia il premier italiano Giuseppe Conte: "È fantastico" – Video |date=June 15, 2018 |website=TPI News |first=Di Gianluigi |last=Spinaci |language=it}}</ref> Brazil's president [[Jair Bolsonaro]]<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Trump praises Brazil's new President Bolsonaro after he vowed to 'strengthen democracy' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html}}</ref> and Hungarian prime minister [[Viktor Orbán]] as examples of good leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/ |title=Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump |first=Krishnadev |last=Calamur |date=March 4, 2018 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant [[Law and Justice]] party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup |url=https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 24, 2017 |first=Vanessa |last=Gera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 20, 2017 |first=Lindsay |last=Maizland}}</ref>
+
+==== ISIS and war ====
+
+[[File:Letter from Donald Trump to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.jpg|thumb|Letter dated October 9 from Trump warning Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] about the [[2019 Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria]]]]
+
+In April 2017, Trump ordered a [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strike]] against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]].<ref name="bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike">{{cite news |title=Syria war: Trump's missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605 |accessdate=April 8, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> According to investigative journalist [[Bob Woodward]], Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate [[President of Syria|Syrian president]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies he wanted Syria leader killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> In April 2018, he announced [[2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs|missile strikes]] against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near [[Damascus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime |first=Kathleen |last=Joyce |title=US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime |date=April 14, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=April 14, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html |title=Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS' |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |author2link=Helene Cooper |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=December 19, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=December 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria conflict: Trump's withdrawal plan shocks allies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |title=Trump shocks allies and advisers with plan to pull US troops out of Syria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of [[Rojava|Kurd allies]] who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |authorlink=Helene Cooper |title=Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump's Worldview |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html |accessdate=December 21, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first=Karoun |last=Demirjian |authorlink=Karoun Demirjian |title=Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html}}</ref> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor [[John Bolton]] announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |author1link=David E. Sanger |first2=Noah |last2=Weiland |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |title=Bolton Puts Conditions on Syria Withdrawal, Suggesting a Delay of Months or Years |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html}}</ref>
+
+Trump actively supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] against the [[Houthis]] and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="prince">{{cite news |title=Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince |url=https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Senate Votes Down Ending Trump's Support for Saudi-led War in Yemen |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Phelps-170520>{{cite news |title=Trump signs $110 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia on 'a tremendous day' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=May 20, 2017 |accessdate=July 6, 2018 |first1=Jordyn |last1=Phelps |first2=Ryan |last2=Struyk}}</ref> Trump also praised his relationship with [[Saudi Arabia]]'s powerful Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]].<ref name="prince"/>
+
+U.S. troop numbers in [[Afghanistan]] increased from 8,500 to 14,000, {{as of|2017|1|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Greg |last2=Ryan |first2=Missy |author2link=Missy Ryan |title=Up to 1,000 more U.S. troops could be headed to Afghanistan this spring |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> reversing Trump's pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. |author1link=Michael R. Gordon |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |author2link=Eric P. Schmitt |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Settles on Afghan Strategy Expected to Raise Troop Levels |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rampton |first1=Roberta |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |title=Trump rejects peace talks with Taliban in departure from Afghan strategy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]], the White House acknowledged that Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|U.S. troops in northern Syria]] were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |title=In Major Policy Shift, U.S. Will Stand Aside As Turkish Forces Extend Reach In Syria |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref> In the following days, Trump suggested that the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested that they were only fighting for their own financial interests, suggested that some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html |title=Trump Lashes Out on Syria as Republicans Rebuke Him in House Vote |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator [[Lindsey Graham]]. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]], and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052 |title=Republicans unload on Trump for Syria shift when he needs them most |last=Forgey |first=Quint |date=October 7, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 7, 2019}}</ref> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html |title=US troops start pullout in Syria as Turkey prepares operation |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> After the U.S. pullout, [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey Syria offensive: Tens of thousands flee homes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418 |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 10, 2019}}</ref> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, for, in the view of both parties, "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286 |title=House condemns Trump's Syria withdrawal |last=O'Brien |first=Connor |date=October 16, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html |title=In Bipartisan Rebuke, House Majority Condemns Trump for Syria Withdrawal |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== Iran ====
+
+{{see also|Iran–United States relations#2017–present: Trump administration | United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis}}
+
+Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime," although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiler |first1=Yuram Abdullah |title=What is Basij and how does it function against U.S. and Zionism? |url=http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism |website=Khamenei.ir |accessdate=February 6, 2019 |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 27, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Kranish |authorlink=Michael Kranish |title=Trump says he is not seeking 'regime change' in Iran |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html}}</ref> He has repeatedly criticized the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<ref name="KatyTurIranInterview">{{cite news |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 14, 2015 |first=Katy |last=Tur |authorlink=Katy Tur |title=Donald Trump Weighs in on Iran Deal |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926}}</ref><ref name="AP180508"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Igor |last=Bobic |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e |title=Donald Trump Would Not Rip Up The Iran Deal |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Following Iran's ballistic missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice |title=Trump administration 'officially putting Iran on notice', says Michael Flynn |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump administration tightens Iran sanctions, Tehran hits back |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 3, 2016 |last=Torbati |first=Yeganeh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions |title=Trump administration imposes new sanctions on Iran |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 3, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May [[2017 Brussels summit]]; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aleem |first=Zeeshan |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif |title=Iran says the US is violating the nuclear deal. It has a point |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 21, 2017 |accessdate=July 22, 2017}}</ref> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act]] (CAATSA) that grouped together [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]], Russia, and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0 |title=Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction' |website=[[Reuters]] |date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|the United States' unilateral departure]] from the JCPOA.<ref name="AP180508">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran |title=Trump declares US leaving 'horrible' Iran nuclear accord |last=Lederman |first=Josh |date=May 8, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister [[Javad Zarif]] called "genocidal taunts".<ref name=Budryk-190519>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons |title=Trump: 'I will not let Iran have nuclear weapons' |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Zack |last=Budryk}}</ref><ref name=Chamberlain-190519>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states |title=Trump says war will mean 'official end of Iran', warns 'never threaten the United States again' |work=[[Fox News]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Samuel |last=Chamberlain}}</ref><ref name=Wintour-190520>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts |title=Iran hits back at Trump for tweeting 'genocidal taunts' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 20, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Patrick |last=Wintour}}</ref> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]] are allies in the [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|conflict with Iran]].<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Tells Saudi Arabia Oil Attacks Were Launched From Iran |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 17, 2019 |first1=Dion |last1=Nissenbaum |first2=Summer |last2=Said |first3=Jared |last3=Malsin}}</ref> Trump has approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] following the [[2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack|attack on Saudi oil facilities]] which the United States has blamed on Iran.<ref>{{cite news |title=US to deploy more troops to Saudi Arabia after attack on oil industry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack |work=The Guardian |date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> He has also ordered [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|a targeted U.S. airstrike]] in 2 January 2020, which killed Iranian [[Major general|Major General]] and [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Quds Force]] commander [[Qasem Soleimani]] and Iraqi [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] commander [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]], as well as eight other people.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html |title=U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani, Commander of Iranian Forces |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |last2=Hassan |first2=Falih |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=2020-01-02 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites if Iran retaliated; such an attack by the U.S. would violate international law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=David |title=Suleimani killing: Donald Trump defends threat to hit cultural sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran |accessdate=January 6, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2020}}</ref> On January 8, 2020, the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] launched [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|multiple ballistic missiles]] on two U.S. airbases in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran attack: Missiles fired at US forces in Iraq |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181 |website=[[BBC]] |accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref>
+
+==== Israel ====
+
+{{see also|Israel–United States relations#Trump administration (2017–present)}}
+[[File:President Trump visit to Israel May 22-23, 2017 DSC 3982F (34847749905).jpg|thumb|Trump and Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] at [[Yad Vashem]], May 2017]]
+
+Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Allison |last=Kaplan Sommer |date=July 25, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> On May 22, 2017, he was the first U.S. president to visit the [[Western Wall]] in Jerusalem, during his first foreign trip.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 24, 2017 |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Jason |last2=Horowitz |title=With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change |accessdate=May 14, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/world/europe/pope-trump-vatican-meet.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rafferty |first=Andrew |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Trump Becomes First Sitting U.S. President to Visit Western Wall |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/trumps-first-foreign-trip/trump-becomes-first-sitting-u-s-president-visit-western-wall-n762891 |website=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Luke |last2=Holland |first2=Steve |date=May 23, 2017 |title=In U.S. presidential first, Trump prays at Jerusalem's Western Wall |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-wall-idUSKBN18I1V6 |work=[[Reuters]] |location=London, England |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Trump makes historic visit to Western Wall |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/trump-israel-western-wall/ |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}</ref> Trump officially [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]] on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in Jerusalem in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973 |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |last2=Nussbaum |first2=Matthew |title=Trump says U.S. recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital, despite global condemnation |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Ynetnews]] |title=US Embassy opens in Jerusalem: 'When Trump makes a promise, he keeps it' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E |title=Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory – Turkey and Yemen: draft resolution – Status of Jerusalem |website=[[United Nations General Assembly]] |date=December 19, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html |title=Defying Trump, U.N. General Assembly Condemns U.S. Decree on Jerusalem |first=Rick |last=Gladstone |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel|recognizing]] [[Golan Heights Law|Israel's annexation]] of the [[Golan Heights]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The jungle is back.' With his Golan Heights tweet, Trump emboldens the annexation agendas of the world's strongmen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Mark |last=MacKinnon |authorlink=Mark MacKinnon}}</ref> a move condemned by the European Union and Arab League.<ref>{{cite news |title=Outcry as Trump backs Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights |website=[[Euronews]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Natalie |last=Huet |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
+
+==== China ====
+
+{{See also|China–United States relations#Trump's presidency (2017–)|China–United States trade war}}
+
+Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO |title=Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals' |date=August 7, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Nandita |last1=Bose |first2=Andrea |last2=Shalal}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump has [[China–United States trade war|launched a trade war against China]], sanctioned [[Huawei]] for its alleged ties to Iran,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/ |title=Huawei sanctions: Who gets hurt in dispute? |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Frank |last1=Bajak |first2=Michael |last2=Liedtke}}</ref> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/ |title=Trump's Next Trade War Target: Chinese Students in the U.S. |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/25/716032871/visas-are-the-newest-weapon-in-u-s-china-rivalry |title=Visas Are The Newest Weapon In U.S.-China Rivalry |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2019 |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> and classified China as a "[[currency manipulator]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/trade-war-china-responds-to-us-after-claim-of-being-a-currency-manipulator.html |title=China responds to US after Treasury designates Beijing a 'currency manipulator' |last=Meredith |first=Sam |date=August 6, 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a [[Second Cold War|new cold war]] between China and the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a3062586-a9ac-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |title=Getting acclimatised to the US-China cold war |website=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be |title=Is China-US cold war inevitable? Chinese analysts say it can't be ruled out |date=August 14, 2019 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html |title=A new cold war in Africa |last=Maru |first=Mehari Taddele |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== North Korea ====
+
+{{See also|North Korea–United States relations}}
+[[File:Kim and Trump shaking hands at the red carpet during the DPRK–USA Singapore Summit.jpg|thumb|Trump meets [[Kim Jong-un]] at [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|the Singapore summit]], June 2018.]]
+
+In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<ref name="scarier">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 21, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/asia/north-korea-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-test/index.html |title=US slams North Korea missile test as Kim claims 'whole US mainland' in reach |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=July 30, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=David |title=North Korean ICBM Appears Able to Reach Major US Cities |url=https://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/new-north-korean-icbm |website=All Things Nuclear |publisher=[[Union of Concerned Scientists]] |accessdate=July 28, 2017 |date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> In August, Trump dramatically escalated his rhetoric against North Korea, warning that further provocations against the U.S. would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-escalates-rhetoric-on-threat-from-north-korea/2017/08/10/ff49e018-7ded-11e7-83c7-5bd5460f0d7e_story.html |title=Trump reiterates warning to N. Korea: 'Fire and fury' may not have been 'tough enough' |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=DeYoung |first2=Karen |author2link=Karen DeYoung |date=August 10, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 21, 2018}}</ref> In response, North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]] threatened to direct a missile test toward [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-08-10/north-korea-details-plan-to-fire-missile-salvo-toward-guam |title=Trump doubles down on 'fire and fury' vow as wargames near |last1=Talmadge |first1=Eric |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |date=August 11, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=September 30, 2017}}</ref>
+
+On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim held [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|a summit]] in Singapore,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Kim summit: Kim Jong Un gave unwavering commitment to denuclearisation, says Trump |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump |website=[[The Straits Times]] |accessdate=June 13, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018 |first1=Jeremy Au |last1=Yong |first2=Tan Dawn |last2=Wei}}</ref> resulting in North Korea affirming its promise to work toward complete denuclearization.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement of President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong Un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the Singapore Summit |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-united-states-america-chairman-kim-jong-un-democratic-peoples-republic-korea-singapore-summit/ |website=The White House |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rosenfeld">{{cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Everett |title=Document signed by Trump and Kim includes four main elements related to 'peace regime' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> A [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|second summit]] took place in February 2019, in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name="partial_relief">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Denyer |first2=Simon |last3=Nakamura |first3=David |author3link=David Nakamura |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> It ended abruptly without an agreement, both sides blaming each other and offering differing accounts of the negotiations.<ref name="partial_relief"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Wong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-kim-vietnam-summit.html |title=Trump's Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/trump-kim-hanoi-summit-takeaways/index.html |title=Takeaways from the Trump-Kim Hanoi summit |website=[[CNN]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President [[Moon Jae-in]] held [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|brief talks]] in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. They agreed to resume negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/trump-confirms-meet-kim-dmz-190630050353219.html |title=Trump meets North Korea's Kim at DMZ in landmark visit |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=June 30, 2019 |access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Talks in Stockholm began on October 5, 2019, between U.S. and North Korean negotiating teams, but broke down after one day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |first1=Jari |last1=Tanner |first2=Matthew |last2=Lee |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 5, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== Russia ====
+
+{{See also|Russia–United States relations}}
+[[File:Vladimir Putin & Donald Trump in Helsinki, 16 July 2018 (3).jpg|thumb|Putin and Trump at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki summit]], July 2018]]
+
+During his campaign and as president, Trump repeatedly said he wants better relations with Russia,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/ |title=Donald Trump urges 'good relationship' with Russia in tweets |last=Flores |first=Reena |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/ |title=GOP warns Trump not to lift Russia sanctions after call with Putin |last=Berry |first=Lynn |date=January 29, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> and he has praised Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] as a strong leader.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/ |title=Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says |last1=Viebeck |first1=Elise |last2=Markon |first2=Jerry |last3=DeYoung |first3=Karen |author3link=Karen DeYoung |date=November 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/trump-putin-bromance |title=Trump and Putin's Bromance Could Change the World |last=Conrad |first=Peter |date=January 13, 2017 |work=[[GQ]] |accessdate=May 29, 2017}}</ref> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its [[Military intervention against ISIL|fight against ISIS]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/ |title=Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea |date=August 1, 2016 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the [[Russia–United States relations|U.S.–Russian relations]], which were already at the lowest level since the end of the [[Cold War]], have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=US-Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=January 19, 2018 |first=Oliver |last=Carroll}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vladimir Putin says US-Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=April 12, 2017 |first=Samuel |last=Osborne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=March 30, 2018 |first=Alexander |last=Smith}}</ref>
+
+After Trump met Putin at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki Summit]] on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of [[Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election]], rather than accepting the findings of the [[United States intelligence community]].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last=Zurcher |first=Anthony |title=Trump-Putin summit: After Helsinki, the fallout at home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012 |accessdate=July 18, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/ |title=Trump Sides With the Kremlin, Against the U.S. Government |last=Calamur |first=Krishnadev |date=July 16, 2018 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="break">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html |title=Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments |last=Fox |first=Lauren |date=July 16, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref>
+
+Trump has made both pro- and anti-Russia statements regarding Crimea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> Syria,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |work=Politico |date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> Ukraine,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump criticizes Russia, calls for defense of Western civilization |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 6, 2017 |first1=Roberta |last1=Rampton |first2=Pawel |last2=Sobczak}}</ref> North Korea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Venezuela,<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at 'boorish' Trump |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503 |publisher=BBC News |date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> election meddling,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump vows to 'counteract' any Russia election meddling |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html |publisher=Daily Nation |date=March 7, 2018}}</ref> and Skripal poisoning.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expelling 60 Russian diplomats in wake of UK nerve agent attack |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> Trump also said U.S. oil companies cannot resume oil drilling in Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies Exxon permission to drill for oil in Russia |last2=Egan |first2=Matt |last1=Borak |first1=Donna |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>
+
+==== Cuba ====
+
+{{See also|Cuba–United States relations}}
+
+In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with [[Cuba]] and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's [[Cuban thaw|loosening of restrictions]]. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeYoung |first=Karen |author1link=Karen DeYoung |title=White House implements new Cuba policy restricting travel and trade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 8, 2017}}</ref>
+
+==== Venezuela ====
+
+{{See also|United States–Venezuela relations}}
+[[File:President Trump Delivers Remarks to the Venezuelan American Community (47145953601).jpg|thumb|On February 18, 2019 Trump gave a speech about the crisis in Venezuela.]]
+
+On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump won't 'rule out a military option' in Venezuela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2017 |first1=Jenna |last1=Johnson |first2=John |last2=Wagner}}</ref> In September 2018, Trump called "for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 25, 2018 |first1=Lesley |last1=Wroughton |first2=Brian |last2=Ellsworth}}</ref> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis|breaking ties]] with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing [[Juan Guaidó]], the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela's President breaks diplomatic relations with US over Donald Trump's support of Opposition Leader |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |agency=[[Reuters]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
+
+==== NATO ====
+
+[[File:President Donald Trump and Secretary General Jens Stolenberg Joint Press Conference, April 12, 2017 (01).jpg|thumb|Trump and NATO Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]], April 2017]]
+
+As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend [[North Atlantic Treaty|security guarantees to NATO members]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html |title=Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack |date=July 20, 2016 |last=Sanger |first=David E. |authorlink=David E. Sanger |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/ |title=What's Trump's Position on NATO? |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655 |title=Trump supports NATO, but Senate holds up expansion |date=March 1, 2017 |agency=[[Reuters]] |work=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> However, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html |accessdate=July 12, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In January 2019, ''The New York Times'' quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author2link=Helene Cooper |date=January 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846 |title=Trump: We will be with NATO '100 percent' |last=Morin |first=Rebecca |date=January 17, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== Personnel ===
+
+{{Main|Political appointments by Donald Trump|Cabinet of Donald Trump}}
+{{See also|Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet}}
+[[File:Donald Trump Cabinet meeting 2017-03-13 04.jpg|thumb|Cabinet meeting, March 2017]]
+
+The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years |title=Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years |last=Trimble |first=Megan |date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2018|7|pre=early}}, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<ref name="Wise -180702">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover |title=AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Wise |first=Justin}}</ref> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396 |title=Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Both figures set a record for recent presidents{{snd}}more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<ref name="Keith">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left |title=White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left |last=Keith |first=Tamara |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor [[Mike Flynn]] (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff [[Reince Priebus]], replaced by retired Marine general [[John F. Kelly]] on July 28, 2017,<ref name=Baker>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html |title=Reince Priebus Pushed Out After Rocky Tenure as Trump Chief of Staff |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> and Press Secretary [[Sean Spicer]].<ref name="Keith" /> Close personal aides to Trump such as [[Steve Bannon]], [[Hope Hicks]], [[John McEntee (political aide)|John McEntee]] and [[Keith Schiller]], have quit or been forced out.<ref name=Brookings />
+
+Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama Jeff Sessions as [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html |title=Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Lichtblau |date=2016-11-18 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> financier [[Steve Mnuchin]] as [[Secretary of the Treasury]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686 |title=Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary |date=November 30, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> retired Marine Corps general [[James Mattis]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html |title=Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> and [[ExxonMobil]] CEO [[Rex Tillerson]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html |title=Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State |date=December 12, 2016 |accessdate=December 26, 2016}}</ref> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon [[Ben Carson]] as [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |title=Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD |date=December 5, 2016 |accessdate=December 5, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html}}</ref> and South Carolina governor [[Nikki Haley]] as [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|Ambassador to the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sc-gov-nikki-haley-tapped-to-be-trumps-un-ambassador/2016/11/23/c1395cb6-b144-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador |date=November 23, 2016 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Costa |authorlink=Robert Costa (journalist)}}</ref>
+
+Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary [[Tom Price (American politician)|Tom Price]] was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] with [[Mike Pompeo]] in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |title=The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet |last=Jones-Rooy |first=Andrea |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Brookings>{{cite news |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/ |title=Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration |date=March 16, 2018 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<ref name=Hersher-180705>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa |title=Scott Pruitt Out At EPA |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |first1=Rebecca |last1=Hersher |first2=Brett |last2=Neelyin}}</ref> while Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html |title=Ryan Zinke resigns as interior secretary amid multiple investigations |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying that many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des |title=Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design |last=Keith |first=Tamara |date=October 12, 2017 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/ |archivedate=January 9, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/}}</ref>
+
+=== Dismissal of James Comey ===
+
+{{Main|Dismissal of James Comey}}
+
+On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG [[Rod Rosenstein]],<ref name=Apuzzo>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |author2link=Matt Apuzzo |title=F.B.I. Director James Comey Is Fired by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html |accessdate=May 10, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about [[Hillary Clinton email controversy#October 2016 – Additional investigation|Hillary Clinton's emails]].<ref name=Guardian-20170509>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/09/james-comey-fbi-fired-donald-trump |title=Donald Trump fires FBI director Comey over handling of Clinton investigation |last=Smith |first=David |date=May 9, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<ref name=Barrett-20170511>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Rucker |first2=Philip |author2link=Philip Rucker |title=Trump said he was thinking of Russia controversy when he decided to fire Comey |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-fbi-director-comey-told-him-three-times-he-wasnt-under-investigation-once-in-a-phone-call-initiated-by-the-president/2017/05/11/2b384c9a-3669-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2017 |accessdate=May 12, 2017}}</ref> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<ref name=theweek-20170511>{{cite news |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing |title=President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing |date=May 11, 2017 |work=[[The Week]] |first=Becca |last=Stanek |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref>
+
+According to a [[Comey memo]] of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor [[Michael Flynn]].<ref name="Wilber">{{cite news |last1=Wilber |first1=Del Quentin |author1link=Del Quentin Wilber |last2=Viswanatha |first2=Aruna |title=Trump Asked Comey to Drop Flynn Investigation, According to Memo Written by Former FBI Director |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-asked-comey-to-drop-flynn-investigation-according-to-memo-written-by-former-fbi-director-1494974774 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}}|date=May 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref>
+In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<ref name="comeytestimony">{{cite web |last=Comey |first=James |title=Statement for the Record Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf |website=United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |publisher=United States Government |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |page=7 |date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<ref name="schmidt">{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |author2link=Adam Goldman |title=Comey to Testify Trump Pressured Him to Say He Wasn't Under Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 7, 2017}}</ref> He also asked intelligence chiefs [[Dan Coats]] and [[Michael S. Rogers|Michael Rogers]] to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<ref name=Sciutto>{{cite news |last1=Sciutto |first1=Jim |last2=Watkins |first2=Eli |title=Trump asked DNI, NSA to deny evidence of Russia collusion |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/donald-trump-intelligence-community/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<ref name=Dilanian>{{cite news |last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Windrem |first2=Robert |title=Trump Asked Top Intel Officials to Push Back Publicly on Russia Probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=May 22, 2017}}</ref> Comey eventually testified on June{{nbsp}}8 that while he was director, the FBI investigations did not target Trump himself.<ref name="comeytestimony" /><ref name=nyt-20110608>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html |title='I Was Right': As Trump Watches Comey on TV, Anxiety Yields to Relief |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |author1link=Glenn Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=June 8, 2017 |accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>
+
+== Public profile ==
+=== Approval ratings ===
+
+{{Further|Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration}}
+
+Presidential [[Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration|approval polls]] taken during the first ten months of Trump's term have shown him to be the least popular U.S. president in the history of modern opinion polls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.langerresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/1193a3TrumpYearLater.pdf |title=ABC News/Washington Post Poll: A year after his surprise election, 65 percent say Trump's achieved little |first=Gary |last=Langer |date=November 5, 2017 |publisher=Langer Research Associates |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/220742/trump-job-approval-slipped-third-quarter.aspx |title=Trump Job Approval Slips to 36.9% in His Third Quarter |first=Jeffrey M. |last=Jones |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |date=October 20, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/poll-trumps-performance-lags-behind-even-tepid-public-expectations/2017/11/04/35d2a912-bf4d-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html |title=Poll: Trump's performance lags behind even tepid public expectations |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 5, 2017 |last1=Balz |first1=Dan |author1link=Dan Balz |last2=Clement |first2=Scott}}</ref> A [[Pew Research Center]] global poll conducted in July 2017, found "a median of just 22 percent has confidence in Trump to do the right thing when it comes to international affairs". This compares to a median of 64 percent rate of confidence for his predecessor [[Barack Obama]]. Trump received a higher rating in only two countries: Russia and Israel.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Image Suffers as Publics Around World Question Trump's Leadership |url=https://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/26/u-s-image-suffers-as-publics-around-world-question-trumps-leadership/ |date=June 26, 2017 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |first1=Richard |last1=Wike |first2=Bruce |last2=Stokes |first3=Jacob |last3=Poushter |first4=Janell |last4=Fetterolf |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> An August 2017 ''[[Politico]]''/[[Morning Consult]] poll found on some measures "that majorities of voters have low opinions of his character and competence".<ref>{{cite news |title=Poll: Trump hits new low after Charlottesville |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/23/trump-charlottesville-polls-241917 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=August 23, 2017}}</ref> By December 2018, Trump's approval ratings, averaged over many polls, stood at roughly 42%, two points below Obama's at the same time in his presidency, and one point above [[Ronald Reagan]]'s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/trump-approval-ratings/ |title=How popular is Donald Trump? – How Trump compares with past presidents |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump's two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785 |title=Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II |first=Jessica |last=Kwong |date=January 16, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=January 25, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Trump is the only elected president who did not place first on Gallup's poll of Americans' most admired men in his first year in office, coming in second behind Obama.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ |title=Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year |last=Bach |first=Natasha |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="gallup1678">{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx |title=Most Admired Man and Woman |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref> The Gallup poll near the end of Trump's second year in office named him the second most admired man in America{{snd}}behind Obama{{snd}}for the fourth consecutive year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/barack-and-michelle-obama-most-admired-men-women-gallup-2018-12 |title=Barack and Michelle Obama top Gallup's list of most-admired men and women in the world, trouncing the Trumps |first=Jacob |last=Shamsian |website=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=January 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="gallup1678"/>
+
+=== False statements ===
+
+{{Main|Veracity of statements by Donald Trump}}
+
+As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<ref name="Qiu">{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |date=April 29, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html}}</ref><ref name="KesslerLee">{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Lee |title=President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |date=May 1, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}</ref> The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<ref name=unprecedenteduntruths>
+* {{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475 |quote=It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.}}
+* {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2017 |first=Sheryl Gay |last=Stolberg |authorlink=Sheryl Gay Stolberg |title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication. |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html |quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer [[Hannah Arendt]] once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}
+* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ |title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2018 |accessdate=February 20, 2019 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |quote='When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian [[Michael R. Beschloss]] said of Trump in 2018.}}
+* {{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 6, 2017 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |title=There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself' |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html |quote=White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations{{snd}}on matters large and wincingly small{{snd}}place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's [[George C. Edwards III|George Edwards]] put it.}}
+* {{cite news |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=December 22, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |quote='We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said [[Douglas Brinkley]], the prominent Rice University presidential historian.}}
+* {{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2018 |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |title=President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html |quote=We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.}}
+* {{cite web |website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] |date=2017 |first=Heidi Taksdal |last=Skjeseth |title=All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf |quote=Trump is not the first president to be at odds with the press, but the amount of lies he delivers and his aggressive attacks on and constant undermining of the legitimacy of the media, is unprecedented.}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=Donnel |title=Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference |journal=Psychoanalytic Dialogues |date=May 9, 2019 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996 |quote=Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has [[poisoned the well]] [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.}}
+* {{cite news |last1=Grosz |first1=Stephen |title=The real reason Donald Trump lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e |website=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=January 9, 2019 |quote=We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era}}</ref><ref name=Glasser-180803>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first=Susan |last=Glasser |authorlink=Susan Glasser}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova>{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |authorlink=Maria Konnikova |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |website=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> This trait of his was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Finnegan |first1=Michael |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |website=[[Factcheck.org]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<ref name=Glasser-180803/>
+
+Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="Qiu"/> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |author2link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref> By the ''Post'''s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<ref name=Kessler-190429>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/ |title=President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=April 29, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly}}</ref> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days |date=November 2, 2018 |accessdate=November 2, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 13, 2018 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}</ref> The ''Post''{{'}}s reported tally is 15,413 as of December 10, 2019, with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 16, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 15,413 false or misleading claims over 1,055 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/16/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref>
+
+=== Racial views ===
+
+{{Main|Racial views of Donald Trump}}
+
+Trump has made numerous comments and taken certain actions that have been characterized as racially charged or racist both within the U.S. and abroad.<ref>Multiple sources:
+* {{cite news |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last1=Lopez |first1=German |title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history |accessdate=June 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}
+* {{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race |title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race |date=January 12, 2018 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}
+* {{cite news |title=A history of Donald Trump's racially charged statements |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements |accessdate=October 3, 2019 |work=[[SBS News]] |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |date=July 16, 2019}}
+* {{cite news |last=Dawsey |first=Josh |authorlink=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}
+* {{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}
+* {{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Ed |last2=Mfula |first2=Chris |title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 12, 2018 |quote=African politicians and diplomats labeled U.S. President Donald Trump a racist on Friday}}</ref> Trump has repeatedly denied he is a racist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's own words revive debate over whether he's racist |url=https://www.apnews.com/bce2dc7a054e4541bc77e2971c1bde4e/Trump%2527s-own-words-revive-debate-over-whether-he%2527s-racist |website=[[AP News]] |first=Julie |last=Pace |date=January 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump denies being a racist after 'shithole' row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42685356 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=January 15, 2018 |accessdate=January 15, 2018}}</ref> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his general rejection of [[political correctness]], while others accept it simply because they share such beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/ |title=Poll: Majority of Trump Voters Say His Political Correctness Is 'About Right' |last=Nichols |first=Laura |date=June 29, 2017 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Morning Consult]]}}</ref><ref name="nation-20170508">{{cite news |title=Economic Anxiety Didn't Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=May 8, 2017 |first1=Sean |last1=McElwee |first2=Jason |last2=McDaniel}}</ref>
+
+Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<ref name="nation-20170508" /><ref name="vox-20171215">{{cite news |title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study |accessdate=January 14, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=December 15, 2017 |first=German |last=Lopez}}</ref> In a June 2018 [[Quinnipiac University]] poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<ref name="Marcin">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434 |title=44 Percent Of White Americans Think Donald Trump Is Racist, New Poll Finds |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<ref name="Quinnipiac-180703">{{cite web |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554 |title=Harsh Words For U.S. Family Separation Policy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Have Dim View Of Trump, Dems On Immigration |website=[[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] |date=July 3, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref> Trump has asserted "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him |title=As Trump denies racism, most Americans don't believe him |date=August 1, 2019 |website=[[MSNBC]] |first=Steve |last=Benen}}</ref>
+
+In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<ref name="Mahler">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html |title='No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 27, 2016 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |last1=Mahler |first1=Jonathan |last2=Eder |first2=Steve}}</ref> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [[Central Park jogger case]], even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ransom |first1=Jan |title=Trump Will Not Apologize for Calling for Death Penalty Over Central Park Five |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html |accessdate=June 29, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|"birther" conspiracy theories]] alleging that [[Barack Obama]], the first black U.S. president, was born in Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leave the US, Trump tells liberal congresswomen of color |url=https://www.apnews.com/728ada1e918a482c9e9b1f3e24937caa |accessdate=July 14, 2019 |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Calvin |last2=Woodward}}</ref> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pushing the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later said his stance had made him "very popular".<ref name="Madison27April">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |last=Madison |first=Lucy |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |website=[[ABC News]] |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S.<ref name="nyt-drops">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref>
+
+According to an analysis in ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author1link=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=March 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737}}</ref> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for saying Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie|last=Reilly|title=Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico |url=https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five Insults Donald Trump Has Fired At Mexicans In The Presidential Race |url=https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding [[Trump University]] were also criticized as racist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html |title=Paul Ryan Calls Donald Trump's Attack on Judge 'Racist', but Still Backs Him |date=June 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Jennifer |last1=Steinhauer |author1link=Jennifer Steinhauer |first2=Jonathan |last2=Martin |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |first3=David M. |last3=Herszenhorn |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
+[[File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm|thumb|start=07:19|Trump makes a statement (begins at 7:20 into the video) on the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville]]
+
+Trump's comments in reaction to the [[Unite the Right rally|2017 Charlottesville far-right rally]] were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between [[white supremacist]] marchers and counter-protesters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html |title=Trump: 'Both sides' to blame for Charlottesville |last=Merica |first=Dan |date=August 26, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In a January 2018 [[Oval Office]] meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<ref name="zack">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism |title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=January 11, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark |title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark |date=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Patrick |last1=Wintour |author1link=Patrick Wintour |first2=Jason |last2=Burke |author2link=Jason Burke |first3=Anna |last3=Livsey |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress{{snd}}all of whom are women of color and three of whom are native-born Americans{{snd}}should "go back" to the countries they [[Go back where you came from|came from]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Katie |last1=Rogers |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump Tells Congresswomen to 'Go Back' to the Countries They Came From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html}}</ref> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci |title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=July 17, 2019}}</ref> [[White nationalist]] publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html |title=Trump said 'many people agree' with his racist tweets. These white supremacists certainly do. |last1=Simon |first1=Mallory |last2=Sidner |first2=Sara |author2link=Sara Sidner |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== Allegations of sexual misconduct ===
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape}}
+
+Twenty-two women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct {{as of|2019|06|lc=y}}. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=McGann |first2=Laura |title=E. Jean Carroll joins at least 21 other women in publicly accusing Trump of sexual assault or misconduct |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/12/media/new-york-times-donald-trump-lawsuit-threat/ |title=Donald Trump threatens to sue New York Times over sexual harassment report |last=Byers |first=Dylan |authorlink=Dylan Byers |date=October 12, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref><ref name="Fox Trump demands retraction">{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/10/13/trump-demands-nyt-retracts-libelous-article-about-alleged-assault-as-new-claims-emerge.html |title=Trump demands NYT retracts 'libelous article' about alleged assault as new claims emerge |date=October 13, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears' |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=October 13, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref>
+
+In October 2016, two days before the [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]], a 2005 recording surfaced in which Trump was recorded bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-surrogates-have-their-own-baggage-women-voters-n673056 |title=Donald Trump Surrogates Have Their Own Baggage With Women Voters |last=Sakuma |first=Amanda |date=October 26, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]] |quote=...{{nbsp}}newly unearthed audio recordings showed Trump bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/10/14/more-women-accuse-donald-trump-aggressive-sexual-behavior/Dq1F8bLwre4dOAgEeFazxN/story.html |title=More women accuse Trump of aggressive sexual behavior |last=Jan |first=Tracy |date=October 14, 2016 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |quote=Trump has been confronted with a slew of allegations of sexual misconduct over the past week, starting with a ''Washington Post'' report of a 2005 tape featuring him bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/09/us-election-donald-trump-calls-republican-leaders-traitors-and-h/ |title=US presidential debate recap: Polls split on whether Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton won poisonous argument |date=October 13, 2016 |last1=Lawler |first1=David |last2=Henderson |first2=Barney |last3=Allen |first3=Nick |last4=Sherlock |first4=Ruth |quote=... it was a matter of minutes before the lewd tape, in which Mr. Trump brags about 'grabbing p----' and forcibly kissing women, was brought up. |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> The [[Microphone gaffe|hot mic]] recording was captured on a studio bus in which Trump and [[Billy Bush]] were preparing to film an episode of ''[[Access Hollywood]]''. In the tape, Trump said: "I just start kissing them ... I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the pussy."<ref name=NBC080716>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 10, 2018}}</ref> During the recording, Trump also spoke of his efforts to seduce a married woman, saying he "moved on her very heavily".<ref name=NBC080716 />
+
+Trump's language on the tape has been described as vulgar, sexist, and descriptive of [[sexual assault]]. The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author1link=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author3link=Jonathan Martin (journalist)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html |title=Donald Trump's vulgar conversation about women caught on hot mic |last=Jensen |first=Salvatore |date=October 8, 2016 |work=Cosumnes Connection |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009190958/https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html |archivedate=October 9, 2016}}</ref> and caused outrage across the political spectrum,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach |title=Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach' |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fox59.com/2016/10/08/pence-to-fill-in-for-donald-trump-saturday-following-video-leak/ |title=Pence to fill in for Donald Trump Saturday following video leak |last=Stacey |first=Madison |date=October 8, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |publisher=[[WXIN-TV]] |location=Indianapolis, Indiana}}</ref> resulting in a group of GOP senators and representatives withdrawing their support for his candidacy, some requesting that he step aside.<ref name="The New York Times 2016">{{cite news |title=Lewd Donald Trump Tape Is a Breaking Point for Many in the G.O.P. |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 9, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html |access-date=June 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/ |title=Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=October 8, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref> In addition to the two women who had previously alleged sexual misconduct against Trump, fifteen more came forward in 2016, during the aftermath of the tape's release with new accusations of sexual misconduct, including unwanted kissing and groping.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-growing-list-of-women-who-have-stepped-forward-to-accuse-trump-of-touching-them-inappropriately/2016/10/15/a65ddf1c-92df-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html |title=The growing list of women who have stepped forward to accuse Trump of touching them inappropriately |last=Helderman |first=Rosalind S. |authorlink=Rosalind Helderman |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate= |date=October 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-153559631.html |title=The women who have accused Donald Trump |last=Stableford |first=Dylan |date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |accessdate=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Vox">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/10/13/13269448/trump-sexual-assault-allegations |title=A brief guide to the 17 women Trump has allegedly assaulted, groped or harassed |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=Frostenson |first2=Sarah |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 21, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> Trump publicly apologized for his inappropriate boasting on the tape but also defended it as "locker room talk",<ref name="The New York Times 2017">{{cite news |title='Access Hollywood' Reminds Trump: 'The Tape Is Very Real' |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 28, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/us/politics/donald-trump-tape.html |access-date=June 24, 2019 |first=Daniel |last=Victor}}</ref> and instead deflected his actions by asserting allegations of inappropriate behavior by Bill and Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-defends-lewd-2005-conversation-about-women-as-locker-room-banter/ |title="I never said I'm a perfect person," Trump says about lewd comments |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=December 11, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
+
+=== Allegations of inciting violence ===
+
+Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |title=Analysis | Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Ayal |last1=Feinberg |first2=Regina |last2=Branton |first3=Valerie |last3=Martinez-Ebers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |last1=Rushin |first1=Stephen |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffin Sims |date=January 14, 2018 |title=The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes |ssrn=3102652}}</ref> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/ |title=Donald Trump Tells Crowd To "Knock the Crap Out Of" Hecklers |last=White |first=Daniel |date=February 1, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana |title=Trump Thinks It's Totally Cool That A Congressman Assaulted A Journalist For Asking A Question |last=Koerner |first=Claudia |date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo |title=Trump's "Rhetoric" Inspired This Man To Assault A 13-Year-Old For Wearing A Hat During The Anthem, His Lawyer Said |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 36 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |date=August 14, 2019 |first=Mike |last=Levine |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== Relationship with the press ===
+
+{{Further|Presidency of Donald Trump#Relationship with the media}}
+[[File:President Trump's First 100 Days- 45 (33573172373).jpg|thumb|Trump talking to the press, March 2017]]
+
+Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<ref name=Parnes>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with the press |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Parnes |first=Amy}}</ref><ref name=Ingram-160301>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/ |title=Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Ingram |first=Mathew}}</ref><ref name=AN-170124>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies |website=[[Arab News]] |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |first=Ben |last=Flanagan}}</ref> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<ref name=Dantonio-160710>{{cite interview |title=Who is Donald Trump? |date=July 10, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html}}</ref> Fox News anchor [[Bret Baier]] and former House speaker [[Paul Ryan]] have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/ |title=Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself |date=July 24, 2018 |first=Josh |last=Feldman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html |title=This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends |first=Mark |last=Leibovich |authorlink=Mark Leibovich |date=August 7, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
+
+Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<ref name=Walsh-160724 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bondarenko |first=Veronika |title=Trump keeps saying 'enemy of the people' – but the phrase has a very ugly history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-president-trumps-phrase-an-enemy-of-the-people-2017-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614/> ''New York Times'' writer [[Amy Chozick]] wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance. To answer the question of why the U.S. public could not stop being enthralled by his actions, she wrote "Even in the so-called golden age of TV, Mr. Trump hasn't just dominated water-cooler conversation; he's sucked the water right out, making all other entertainment from N.F.L. games to awards shows pale in comparison."<ref name="ChozickNYT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html |title=Why Trump Will Win a Second Term |last=Chozick |first=Amy |authorlink=Amy Chozick |date=September 29, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> Chozick quoted [[Brent Montgomery]], the creator of the reality TV show ''[[Pawn Stars]]'', saying "Part of what he's doing that makes it feel like a reality show is that he is feeding you something every night. You can't afford to miss one episode or you're left behind."<ref name="ChozickNYT"/>
+
+After winning the election, Trump told journalist [[Lesley Stahl]] he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |title='60 Minutes' correspondent: Trump said he attacks the press so no one believes negative coverage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 23, 2018}}</ref> Into his presidency, Trump has described negative media coverage as "fake news".<ref name=Bump-180509>{{cite news |title=Trump makes it explicit: Negative coverage of him is fake coverage |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 9, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/09/trump-makes-it-explicit-negative-coverage-of-him-is-fake-coverage/ |last=Bump |first=Philip |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html |title=Trump's latest shot at the press corps: 'Take away credentials?' |first1=Brian |last1=Stelter |author1link=Brian Stelter |first2=Kaitlan |last2=Collins |author2link=Kaitlan Collins |website=[[CNN Money]] |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/20/as-a-foreign-reporter-visiting-the-us-i-was-stunned-by-trumps-press-conference |title=As a foreign reporter visiting the US I was stunned by Trump's press conference |last=Taylor |first=Lenore |authorlink=Lenore Taylor |date=September 20, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The Trump White House held about 100 formal press briefings during 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two during 2019.<ref name="auto2"/>
+
+=== Popular culture ===
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture|Donald Trump in music}}
+
+Trump has been the subject of comedians, [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on [[Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump|''Saturday Night Live'']] by [[Phil Hartman]], [[Darrell Hammond]], and [[Alec Baldwin]], and in ''[[South Park]]'' as [[Mr. Garrison]]. ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart to the Future]]", written during his [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000|2000 campaign for the Reform party]], anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called ''[[The President Show]]'' debuted in April 2017 on [[Comedy Central]], while another one called ''[[Our Cartoon President]]'' debuted on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/ |title='Donald Trump' Gets a Comedy Central Series |first=Megan |last=Garber |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 3, 2017 |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref>
+
+Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of [[hip-hop]] lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<ref name=538-hiphop /><ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU |title=25 years of Donald Trump mentions in hip hop |via=YouTube |author=mantolius |date=February 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<ref name=538-hiphop>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics |title=Hip-Hop Is Turning On Donald Trump |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=July 14, 2016 |first=Allison |last=McCann}}</ref>
+
+On December 30, 2019, the New Yorker reported that a [[neologism]] coined in Germany, ''Trumpschmerz'', translated as pain associated with Trump, had been named the 2019 German "Word of the Year".<ref>Glasser, Susan B., ''Our Year of Trumpschmerz'', December 30, 2019</ref>
+
+=== Social media ===
+
+{{Main|Donald Trump on social media}}
+
+Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined [[Twitter]] in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter: Most Followers |url=https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526182436/https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |archivedate=May 26, 2019 |accessdate=May 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<ref name="federalist-sidelining">{{cite web |url=https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/ |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Use Is Key To Sidelining The Press |first=Dustin |last=Steeve |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<ref name="NYT-20170427">{{cite news |last=Qui |first=Linda |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WP-20170501">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Lee |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |title=Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CT-20170624">{{cite news |last1=Drinkard |first1=Jim |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |title=Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref>
+
+=== Recognition ===
+
+{{Further|List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump}}
+
+In 1983, Trump received the [[Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award]], after he helped fund the building of two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-inside-donald-trump-s-history-of-donations-in-israel-1.5469673 |title=Inside Donald Trump's History of Donations in Israel |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Judy |last=Maltz |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|first=Judy|last=Maltz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499|title=Trump Once Helped Finance Resettlement of Israelis Evacuated From Sinai|date=May 4, 2017|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> In 1986, he received the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/ |title=Did Donald Trump Receive an Ellis Island Award in 1986? |first=Dan |last=Evon |date=September 5, 2016|website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the [[Freedoms Foundation]] for his support of youth programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ |title=Trump to be honored for working with youths |date=May 25, 1995 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> He received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.walkoffame.com/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump {{!}} Hollywood Walk of Fame |website=www.walkoffame.com |access-date=September 6, 2019 |publisher=[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]}}</ref> and was inducted into the [[WWE Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwe.com/videos/donald-trump-cements-his-wwe-legacy-2013-wwe-hall-of-fame-induction-ceremony |title=Donald Trump cements his WWE legacy: 2013 WWE Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony |year=2013 |website=[[WWE]]}}</ref> [[Liberty University]] awarded Trump an honorary Doctorate of Business in 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182 |title=Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty's growth |date=September 24, 2012 |website=[[Liberty University]] |first=Mitzi |last=Bible}}</ref> and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 2017, during his first college commencement speech as president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=234393 |title=LU confers seven honorary doctorates to world changers, including President Trump – Liberty University |website=www.liberty.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/ |title=Watch Donald Trump's First Commencement Speech as President |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, [[Robert Gordon University]] revoked the honorary Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) they had granted him in 2010, stating that "Mr. Trump has made a number of statements that are wholly incompatible with the ethos and values of the university."<ref name="Scot">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump: Robert Gordon University strips honorary degree |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-35054360 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2015 |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In December 2016, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Trump as its "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]",<ref name=PersonYear>{{cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |authorlink=Nancy Gibbs |title=Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/ |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Eun Kyung |title=Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state |url=https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685 |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, he was named ''[[Financial Times]]'' [[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]<ref name="FT 2016">{{cite news |last=Luce |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Luce |title=FT Person of the Year: Donald Trump |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a |accessdate=December 17, 2017 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> and was ranked by ''[[Forbes]]'' the [[Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People|second most powerful person in the world]] after [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful People |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/ |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |date=December 2016 |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> As president, Trump received the [[Order of King Abdulaziz|Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]] from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html |title=Donald Trump awarded with Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour within hours of landing in the country |last1=Wilts |first1=Alexandra |date=May 20, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 20, 2017}}</ref>
+
+== Investigations ==
+
+{{Further2|Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia ([[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2017)|2017]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)|January–June 2018]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)|July–December 2018]] and [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)|2019]])}}
+
+The [[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]] FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his [[The Trump Organization|private businesses]], personal taxes, and [[Donald J. Trump Foundation|charitable foundation]].<ref name="AP2018-12-16">{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Calvin |last2=Pace |first2=Julie |title=Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency |url=https://apnews.com/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a |accessdate=December 19, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<ref name="NYT_Inv">{{cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Yourish |first2=Karen |title=Tracking 29 Investigations Related to Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 23, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== Hush payments ===
+
+{{Main|Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal}}
+{{See also|Legal affairs of Donald Trump#Payments related to alleged affairs|Karen McDougal#Alleged affair with Donald Trump}}
+
+[[American Media, Inc.]] (AMI) paid $150,000 to ''[[Playboy]]'' model [[Karen McDougal]] in August 2016,<ref name="WSJT">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/national-enquirer-shielded-donald-trump-from-playboy-models-affair-allegation-1478309380 |title=National Enquirer Shielded Donald Trump From Playboy Model's Affair Allegation |last1=Palazzolo |first1=Joe |last2=Rothfeld |first2=Michael |last3=Alpert |first3=Lukas |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=February 17, 2018}}</ref> and Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] paid $130,000 to [[Pornographic film actor|adult film actress]] [[Stormy Daniels]] in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43334326 |title=Why the Stormy Daniels-Donald Trump story matters |last=Luckhurst |first=Toby |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref> Both women were paid for [[non-disclosure agreement]]s regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/08/21/how-the-campaign-finance-charges-against-michael-cohen-may-implicate-trump |title=How the campaign finance charges against Michael Cohen implicate Trump |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Philip |last=Bump |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged the payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/74aaf72511d64fceb1d64529207bde64 |title=Cohen pleads guilty, implicates Trump in hush-money scheme |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Hays |first2=Tom |date=August 22, 2018 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election/ |title=National Enquirer owner admits to paying off Playboy model to protect Trump |last1=Watson |first1=Kathyn |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<ref name="Nelson">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-stormy-daniels-payment-444133 |title=White House on Stormy Daniels: Trump 'denied all these allegations' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=March 7, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/22/trump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html |title=Trump insists he learned of Michael Cohen payments 'later on', in 'Fox & Friends' exclusive |last=Singman |first=Brooke |accessdate=August 23, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |date=August 22, 2018}}</ref> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen/2018/12/07/e144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html |title=Court filings directly implicate Trump in efforts to buy women's silence, reveal new contact between inner circle and Russian |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |date=December 7, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D |title=FBI documents point to Trump role in hush money for porn star Daniels |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |last2=Stempel |first2=Jonathan |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 18, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a |title=Records detail frenetic effort to bury stories about Trump |last1=Mustian |first1=Jim |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> The closure of the federal investigation into the matter was announced in July 2019,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/17/feds-end-probe-of-hush-money-that-trump-ex-lawyer-michael-cohen-directed.html |title=Feds end probe of hush money that Trump lawyer Michael Cohen directed to Stormy Daniels, Karen McDougal |first1=Kevin |last1=Breuninger |first2=Dan |last2=Mangan |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 17, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> but days later the [[Manhattan District Attorney]] subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html |title=Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money |first1=Ben |last1=Protess |first2=William K. |last2=Rashbaum |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 16, 2019 |first1=William K. |last1=Rashbaum |first2=Ben |last2=Protess |title=8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html}}</ref>
+
+=== Russian interference ===
+
+{{Main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Foreign electoral intervention}}
+{{See also|Links between Trump associates and Russian officials|Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
+
+In January 2017, American intelligence agencies{{snd}}the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and the [[National Security Agency|NSA]], represented by the [[Director of National Intelligence]]{{snd}}jointly stated with "[[Analytic confidence#Levels of analytic confidence in national security reports|high confidence]]" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html |title=Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |authorlink=Matthew Rosenberg |date=July 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Declassified Report">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 8, 2017 |page=ii |quote=We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.}}</ref> In March 2017, FBI Director [[James Comey]] told Congress that "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/ |title=It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia |last=Berman |first=Russell |date=March 20, 2017 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=June 7, 2017}}</ref>
+
+The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack |title=Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |date=December 13, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/03/the-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia/ |title=The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 3, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref> One of Trump's campaign managers, [[Paul Manafort]], had worked for several years to help pro-Russian politician [[Viktor Yanukovych]] win the Ukrainian presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/19/paul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained/ |title=Paul Manafort's complicated ties to Ukraine, explained |last=Phillips |first=Amber |date=August 19, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor [[Michael T. Flynn]] and political consultant [[Roger Stone]], have been connected to Russian officials.<ref name="many">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |title=Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia |last=Nesbit |first=Jeff |date=August 15, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=February 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/us/roger-stone-donald-trump-russia.html |title=Roger Stone, the 'Trickster' on Trump's Side, Is Under F.B.I. Scrutiny |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=March 21, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump |title=NYT: Russians discussed using Manafort, Flynn to influence Trump |last=Williams |first=Katie Bo |date=May 24, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>
+Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106 |title=Exclusive: Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians: sources |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |last3=Strobel |first3=Warren |date=May 18, 2017 |accessdate=May 19, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]] about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Trump later fired Flynn for falsely claiming he had not discussed the sanctions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/13/politics/michael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser/ |title=Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts |last1=Murray |first1=Sara |author1link=Sara Murray (journalist) |last2=Borger |first2=Gloria |author2link=Gloria Borger |last3=Diamond |first3=Jeremy |author3link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=February 14, 2017 |accessdate=March 2, 2017 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reported that Trump had told [[Sergei Lavrov]] and Sergey Kislyak in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |title=Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |author1link=Shane Harris |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |author3link=Ellen Nakashima}}</ref>
+
+Trump and his allies have promoted [[Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal|a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election]], which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to [[Frameup|frame]] Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html |title=Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says |first1=Julian E. |last1=Barnes |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |author2link=Matthew Rosenberg |date=November 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
+
+=== Special counsel investigation ===
+
+{{Main|Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|Mueller Report|Barr letter}}
+
+On May 17, 2017, former [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]] appointed [[Robert Mueller]], a former [[director of the FBI]], to serve as [[special counsel]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation", taking over the existing FBI investigation into the matter.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |last=Rosenstein |first=Rod |date=May 17, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 18, 2017}}</ref> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's dismissal of James Comey as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<ref name=Vitkovskaya>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/ |title=Trump Is Officially under Investigation. How Did We Get Here? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Vitkovskaya |first=Julie |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=June 16, 2017 |quote=Trump is officially under investigation{{nbsp}}... Special counsel investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice ... The president is being investigated ...}}</ref> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=Analysis {{!}} Trump and the White House have denied Russian collusion more than 140 times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Turkey]], [[Qatar]], [[Israel]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |authorlink=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
+
+Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions{{snd}}in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018{{snd}}and close the investigation, but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author1link=Maggie Haberman |last2=Schmidt |first2=Michael S. |author2link=Michael S. Schmidt |title=Trump Sought to Fire Mueller in December |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> He tried repeatedly to get former Attorney General Jeff Sessions to withdraw his recusal regarding Russia matters, believing Sessions would then put an end to the special counsel investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100 |title=Trump to Sessions: Shut down Russia probe |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |date=August 1, 2018 |website=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018}}</ref>
+
+On March 22, 2019, the special counsel concluded his investigation and gave his report to Attorney General [[William Barr]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html |title=Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 22, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> On March 24, Barr sent a [[Barr letter|four-page letter]] to Congress summarizing what he said were the "principal conclusions" in the report. He said the report did not conclude the President had committed any crimes, although it did not exonerate him for obstruction of justice.<ref name=Pramuk>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |first1=Jacob |last1=Pramuk |first2=Spencer |last2=Kimball |date=March 24, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Barr wrote on March 24 that given his authority to decide whether Trump had committed a crime, he and Rosenstein felt there was insufficient evidence to establish obstruction by Trump.<ref name=Pramuk/> Trump interpreted Mueller's report a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-47687956/mueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump |title=Mueller report a 'complete exoneration' – Donald Trump |date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said and there was now "public confusion".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html |title=Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |date=April 30, 2019 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref> Some legal analysts said Barr's description of the report's contents was misleading.<ref name="testcomm2">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/19/mueller-report-analysis-legal-experts-226662 |title=The Surprises in the Mueller Report |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
+
+A redacted version of the final [[Mueller Report]] was released to the public on April 18, 2019, with the first volume finding that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<ref name=AFPpoints>{{cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]] |accessdate=April 20, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archivedate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{cite news |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite news |last=Law |first=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |date=April 18, 2019 |url=http://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref> The evidence was incomplete due to encrypted, deleted, or unsaved communications as well as false, incomplete, or declined testimony.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/mueller-report-says-messaging-apps-likely-destroyed-trump-russia-evidence |title=Mueller says messaging apps likely destroyed Trump-Russia evidence |first=Gopal |last=Ratnam |date=April 19, 2019 |work=[[Roll Call]]}}</ref> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and details how Trump and his campaign "welcomed and encouraged" Russian foreign interference under the belief that they would politically benefit.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=March 2019 |first=Robert S. III |last=Mueller |title=Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election |quote=The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. |url=https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/mueller/590467/ |title=What The Mueller Report Actually Said |last=Frum |first=David |authorlink=David Frum |date=May 29, 2019 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/mueller-report-russians-meddling-2016-election-sought-help-retweets-team-n996051 |title=Mueller report: Russians charged with disrupting 2016 election sought help, retweets from team Trump |last=Timm |first=Jane |date=April 18, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/trump-campaign-won-t-commit-staying-away-hacked-material-n998156 |title=Trump campaign won't commit to staying away from hacked material |last=Alba |first=Monica |date=April 24, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4810133/mueller-schiff-detail-trumps-collusion-russia-subsequent-efforts-cover-up |title=Mueller Testimony Clip: Trump and His Campaign Welcomed and Encouraged Russian Foreign Interference |date=July 25, 2019 |website=[[C-SPAN]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
+
+The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<ref name="WaPoLays">{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |title=Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 17, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The report did not exonerate him of obstruction, saying investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<ref name="FactCheck11">{{Cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/04/what-the-mueller-report-says-about-obstruction/ |title=What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |last3=Gore |first3=D'Angelo |last4=Spencer |first4=Saranac Hale |last5=Fichera |first5=Angelo |last6=McDonald |first6=Jessica |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an [[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/robert-mueller-statement-today-report-investigation-trump-2016-election-live-updates-2019-05/ |title=Mueller: If it were clear president committed no crime, "we would have said so" |last=Segers |first=Grace |date=May 29, 2019 |work=CBS News |accessdate=June 2, 2019}}</ref> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<ref name=APdilemma>{{cite news |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |title=Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress |url=https://www.apnews.com/35829a2b010248f193d1efd00c4de7e5 |website=[[AP News]] |date=April 18, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== Associates ===
+
+{{see also|Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)}}
+
+On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman [[Paul Manafort]] was [[Trials of Paul Manafort|convicted]] on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html |title=Manafort convicted on eight counts; mistrial declared on ten others |last=Zapotosky |first=Matt |last2=Bui |first2=Lynh |last3=Jackman |first3=Tom |last4=Barrett |first4=Devlin |date=August 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to [[Rudy Giuliani]], Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<ref name="Leonnig823">{{cite news |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |author1link=Carol D. Leonnig |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |author2link=Josh Dawsey |date=August 23, 2018 |title=Trump sought his lawyers' advice weeks ago on possibility of pardoning Manafort, Giuliani says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says/2018/08/23/17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2018}}</ref>
+
+On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build [[Trump Tower Moscow|a Trump Tower in Moscow]]. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html |title=Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project |date=November 29, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |first3=Rosalind S. |last3=Helderman |author3link=Rosalind Helderman |accessdate=December 12, 2018}}</ref>
+
+The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], foreign policy advisor [[George Papadopoulos]], Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mangan |first=Dan |title=Trump and Giuliani are right that 'collusion is not a crime.' But that doesn't matter for Mueller's probe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=<!-- staff writers; no byline --> |title=Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> On January 25, 2019, Trump adviser [[Roger Stone]] was arrested at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and indicted on seven criminal charges;<ref name=Mazzetti-190125>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html |title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2019 |accessdate=January 25, 2019 |first1=Mark |last1=Mazzetti |author1link=Mark Mazzetti |first2=Eileen |last2=Sullivan |author2link=Eileen Sullivan |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> he was convicted in November of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/us/politics/roger-stone-trial-guilty.html |title=Roger Stone Is Convicted of Impeding Investigators in a Bid to Protect Trump |last1=LaFraniere |first1=Sharon }author1link=Sharon LaFraniere |last2=Montague |first2=Zach |date=November 15, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 20, 2019}}</ref>
+
+=== 2019 congressional investigation ===
+
+In March 2019, the [[House Judiciary Committee]] launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html |title=House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Committee chairman [[Jerrold Nadler]] sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html |title=US: House panel to widen Trump probe, request documents |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="Fandos-190304">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html |title=With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |date=March 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos}}</ref> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<ref name="Fandos-190304" /> The White House refused to comply with that request, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html |title=White House rejects Dem requests for info on Putin communications |last1=Herb |first1=Jeremy |date=March 21, 2019 |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |author2link=Pamela Brown (journalist)}}</ref>
+
+=== Impeachment ===
+
+{{Main|Impeachment of Donald Trump}}
+{{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
+{{Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
+
+During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |title='Reluctant impeachment': Will Pelosi ever be swayed to go there? |first=Lindsey |last=McPherson |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go |work=[[Roll Call]] |date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019, but this number grew, after the Mueller Report was released in April and after special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, to around 140 representatives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=The most important number in the impeachment fight keeps getting smaller |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/most-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In September 2019, a revelation emerged that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] to investigate Democratic presidential candidate [[Joe Biden]] and his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |title=Ukraine to Review Criminal Case on Owner of Firm Linked to Biden's Son |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 4, 2019}}</ref> In response, House speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] initiated [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|a formal impeachment inquiry]] on September 24.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2019 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Costa |first3=Robert |author3link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump deflects and defies as Democrats speed up impeachment strategy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-deflects-and-defies-as-democrats-speed-up-impeachment-strategy/2019/09/25/d73de84a-dfc9-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |accessdate=September 26, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The Trump administration subsequently released a non-verbatim transcript of a July phone call between Trump and Zelensky, confirming that after Zelensky discussed the possibility of buying American anti-tank missiles to defend Ukraine, Trump then asked Zelensky to look into investigating the Bidens, and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Santucci |first1=John |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |last3=Thomas |first3=Pierre |author3link=Pierre Thomas (journalist) |last4=Faulders |first4=Katherine |title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> According to the testimony of multiple White House officials, the events were a part of a broader pressure campaign to further Trump's "personal interests" by abusing the power of the presidency.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2019/09/24/whistleblower-complaint/assets/amp.html |title=Newsgraphics: Read The Whistleblower Complaint |date=September 24, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<ref name="Zelensky Pressure">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5686305/zelensky-ukraine-denies-trump-pressure/ |title='Nobody Pushed Me.' Ukrainian President Denies Trump Pressured Him to Investigate Biden's Son |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=November 20, 2019 |first=Tara |last=Law |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
+
+The impeachment inquiry came in the wake of a [[Whistleblower protection in the United States|whistleblower]] complaint alleging abuse of power involving the Trump-Zelensky call, as well as other allegations: that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a [[cover-up]], and that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration to urge Ukraine to investigate the Bidens. The whistleblower further alleged that the pressure campaign may have included Trump's canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip, and Trump's withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html |title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Marshall |last1=Cohen |first2=Katelyn |last2=Polantz |first3=David |last3=Shortell}}</ref> Trump confirmed he had indeed temporarily withheld military aid from Ukraine, while offering contradicting reasons for his decision.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forgey |first1=Quint |title=Trump changes story on withholding Ukraine aid |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/24/donald-trump-ukraine-military-aid-1509070 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |date=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Wagner |first2=Felicia |last2=Sonmez |first3=Colby |last3=Itkowitz |title=Live updates: Top Democrat warns White House 'we're not fooling around' on impeachment inquiry |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-impeachment-whistleblower/2019/10/02/80df829a-e494-11e9-b403-f738899982d2_story.html |accessdate=October 2, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
+
+Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, [[William B. Taylor Jr.|William Taylor]], the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine|chargé d'affaires for Ukraine]], testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. The goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/trump-impeachment-ukraine.html |title=Ukraine Envoy Testifies Trump Linked Military Aid to Investigations, Lawmaker Says |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Fandos |first2=Nicholas |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not give Zelensky a coveted invitation to the White House.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/politics/william-taylor-testimony.html |title=6 Key Revelations of Taylor's Opening Statement to Impeachment Investigators |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/22/william-taylor-ukraine-testimony-trump-054259 |title=William Taylor testifies about deep-seated push for Ukraine quid pro quo |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |author1link=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |last2=Desiderio |first2=Andrew |date=October 22, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref>
+
+As part of the impeachment inquiry, the House Judiciary Committee asked to see secret grand jury information which had been used in compiling the Mueller Report. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) refused to turn it over, arguing that secrecy of grand jury material must be preserved and that the impeachment inquiry was invalid. On October 25, 2019, federal judge [[Beryl A. Howell]] ruled that the inquiry is valid and that the DOJ must forward the information to the committee within the week.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/25/judge-orders-release-of-mueller-material-citing-impeachment-chance.html |title=Judge calls Trump impeachment probe legal, says House must get Mueller grand jury information |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=October 25, 2019 |work=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=October 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Charlie |author1link=Charlie Savage |last2=Cochrane |first2=Emily |title=Impeachment Inquiry Is Legal, Judge Rules, Giving Democrats a Victory |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/us/politics/house-impeachment-subpoenas.html |accessdate=October 25, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 25, 2019}}</ref> On October 31, the House passed a resolution, by a 232–196 vote, establishing rules for the next phase of the impeachment inquiry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry-house-vote.html |title=How Each House Member Voted on Rules for the Trump Impeachment Inquiry |last=Cai |first=Weiyi |last2=Daniel |first2=Annie |last3=Lee |first3=Jasmine C. |last4=Lu |first4=Denise |last5=Migliozzi |first5=Blacki |last6=Parlapiano |first6=Alicia |last7=Patel |first7=Jugal K. |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/house-impeachment-vote.html |title=A Divided House Endorses Impeachment Inquiry Into Trump |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref>
+
+On December 3, 2019, the [[House Intelligence Committee]] published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report stated that Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |first3=Zeke |last3=Miller |first4=Colleen |last4=Long |first5=Eric |last5=Tucker |first6=Jill |last6=Colvin |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title=House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment |url=https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/ |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiland |first1=Noah |title=Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Intel-Report">{{Cite web|url=https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf|title=Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs|last=House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|date=December 3, 2019|website=U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref>{{Rp|8,208}} The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/02/house-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry/2590245001/ |title=House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump's dealings with Ukraine |work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019 |first1=Bart |last1=Jansen |first2=Christal |last2=Hayes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784183484/read-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry |title= Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry |work=[[NPR]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
+
+On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<ref name = Siegel>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093|last1=Siegel|first1=Benjamin|last2=Faulders|first2=Katherine|title=House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump|date=December 13, 2019|work=ABC News|accessdate=December 13, 2019}}</ref> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |title=Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196 |accessdate=December 18, 2019 |work=NBC News |date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
+
+== Notes ==
+
+{{notelist}}
+
+== References ==
+
+{{reflist|30em}}
+
+=== Works cited ===
+
+<!-- This section is ONLY for books that are cited in footnotes of this Wikipedia article. -->
+{{Refbegin|30em}}
+* {{cite book |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |authorlink=Wayne Barrett |publisher=[[Harper Collins]] |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1992 |edition=First Regan Art Paperback |isbn=978-1-682450-79-6 |ref=harv}} Paperback title: ''The greatest show on Earth{{snd}}The deals, the downfall, the reinvention''.
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ |title=Donald Trump: The Candidate |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015a |isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015b|orig-year=First published 2001 |isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989 |last=Gallup |first=George Jr. |authorlink=George Gallup Jr. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xjp3R1PqO4C |title=Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-471-23865-2 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |title=Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President |last1=Kranish |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Kranish |last2=Fisher |first2=Marc |author2link=Marc Fisher |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2017 |orig-year=First published 2016 |isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6 |ref=harv |title-link=Trump Revealed}}
+* {{cite book |title=Trumped! |last1=O'Donnell |first1=John R. |last2=Rutherford |first2=James |publisher=Crossroad Press Trade Edition |year=1991 |orig-year=First published 1991 |isbn=978-1946025-26-5 |ref=harv |title-link=Trumped! (book)}}
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC |title=Trump: The Art of the Deal |first1=Donald J. |last1=Trump |first2=Tony |last2=Schwartz |author2link=Tony Schwartz (author) |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2009 |orig-year=First published 1987 |isbn=978-0-446-35325-0 |ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC |title=Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV |last=Wooten |first=Sara |publisher=[[Enslow Publishers]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6 |ref=harv}}
+{{refend}}
+
+== Further reading ==
+
+{{Refbegin}}
+* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTB6Ip_FW-UC |title=Taming the Beast: Wall Street's Imperfect Answers to Making Money |last=Light |first=Larry |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-118-08420-5}}
+{{refend}}
+
+== External links ==
+
+{{Library resources box|by=yes}}
+<!-- Please be cautious about adding more external links.
+Wikipedia is not a collection of links and should not be used for advertising.
+Excessive or inappropriate links will be removed.
+See Wikipedia:External links and Wikipedia:Spam for details.
+If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on
+the article's talk page, or submit your link to the relevant category at
+DMOZ (dmoz.org) and link there using {{Dmoz}}. -->
+* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump President Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov]
+* [https://twitter.com/POTUS President Trump] on Twitter (professional)
+* [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump Donald Trump] on Twitter (personal)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->
+* {{Facebook}}
+* [https://www.donaldjtrump.com/ Donald J. Trump for President campaign website]
+* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230 Donald Trump] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
+* [https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump "Donald Trump collected news and commentary"]. ''The New York Times''.
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159 "Donald Trump collected news and commentary"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.
+* [https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump Donald Trump appearances] on [[C-SPAN]]
+* [https://archive.org/details/trumparchive Donald Trump] on the [[Internet Archive]]
+* [https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump Talking About Donald Trump] at [[The Interviews: An Oral History of Television]]
+{{Donald Trump|state=expanded}}
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+{{Current NATO leaders}}
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+}}
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+{{Subject bar
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+}}
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+[[Category:People from Bedminster, New Jersey]]
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+[[Category:People from Manhattan]]
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+[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Presidential Order of Excellence]]
+[[Category:Reform Party of the United States of America politicians]]
+[[Category:Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees]]
+[[Category:Republican Party Presidents of the United States]]
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+[[Category:Television producers from New York City]]
+[[Category:The Trump Organization employees]]
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+[[Category:United States Football League executives]]
+[[Category:WWE Hall of Fame inductees]]
+[[Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
+[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
' |
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Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{Other uses}}',
1 => '{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}',
2 => '{{pp-vand|small=yes}}',
3 => '{{short description|45th president of the United States}}',
4 => '{{Use American English|date=August 2019}}',
5 => '{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}',
6 => '<!-- See [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->',
7 => '{{Infobox officeholder',
8 => '| image = Donald Trump official portrait.jpg<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the picture without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 1. -->',
9 => '| alt = Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin.',
10 => '| caption = ',
11 => '| order = 45th<!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] had a weak consensus to keep the status-quo of no link. -->',
12 => '| office = President of the United States',
13 => '| vicepresident = [[Mike Pence]]',
14 => '| term_start = January 20, 2017',
15 => '| term_end = ',
16 => '| predecessor = [[Barack Obama]]',
17 => '| successor = ',
18 => '| birth_name = Donald John Trump',
19 => '| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}}',
20 => '| birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this location without prior consensus, do not add Jamaica, NY state or U.S. etc, please see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 2. -->',
21 => '| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)',
22 => '| otherparty = {{plainlist|',
23 => '* [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (until 1987, 2001–2009)',
24 => '* [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]] (1999–2001)',
25 => '* [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2011–2012)',
26 => '| spouse = {{plainlist|',
27 => '* {{marriage|[[Ivana Zelníčková]]|April 7, 1977|March 22, 1992|end=divorced}}',
28 => '* {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|December 20, 1993|June 8, 1999|end=divorced}}',
29 => '* {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|January 22, 2005}}',
30 => '}}',
31 => '| children = {{flatlist|',
32 => '* [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]]',
33 => '* [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]]',
34 => '* [[Eric Trump|Eric]]',
35 => '* [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]]',
36 => '* [[Barron Trump|Barron]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 10. -->',
37 => '}}',
38 => '| parents = {{Ublist|[[Fred Trump]]|[[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}}',
39 => '| relatives = [[Family of Donald Trump|Trump family]]',
40 => '| awards = [[List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump|List of honors and awards]]',
41 => '| residence = {{plainlist|',
42 => '* [[White House]] (official)',
43 => '* [[Mar-a-Lago]] (personal)',
44 => '* [[Residences of Donald Trump|Full list]]',
45 => '}}',
46 => '| alma_mater = [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Economics|Econ.]])<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this college or diploma without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 18. -->',
47 => '| net_worth = US$3.1 billion (March 2019)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this value without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth}}',
48 => '| signature = Donald Trump Signature.svg',
49 => '| signature_alt = Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink',
50 => '| website = {{plainlist|',
51 => '* {{URL|https://donaldjtrump.com|Official website}}',
52 => '* {{URL|https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump|White House website}}',
53 => '* {{URL|https://twitter.com/POTUS|Presidential Twitter}}',
54 => '* {{URL|https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump|Personal Twitter}}}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->',
55 => '| nickname = "The Donald"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/|title=Why does everyone call Donald Trump ‘The Donald’? It’s an interesting story.|last=Argetsinger|first=Amy|date=September 1, 2015|website=[[The Washington Post]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>',
56 => '}}',
57 => '{{Donald Trump series}}',
58 => '<!-- NOTE: Changes to the lead are regularly discussed on the talk page. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT WAR. If you make a change that is reverted, please open a discussion or contribute to an existing one, per [[WP:BRD]]. Consensus items marked "DO NOT CHANGE" require prior discussion. -->',
59 => '',
60 => ''''Donald John Trump''' (born June 14, 1946) is the [[List of presidents of the United States#Presidents|45th]] and current [[president of the United States]]. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the first paragraph without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->',
61 => '',
62 => 'Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of [[Queens]], and received a [[bachelor's degree]] in economics from the [[Wharton School]]. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it [[The Trump Organization]], and expanded its operations from Queens and [[Brooklyn]] into [[Manhattan]]. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started [[The Trump Organization#Other ventures and investments|various side ventures]], mostly by licensing his name. He owned the [[Miss Universe]] and [[Miss USA]] beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and produced and hosted ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]'', a [[reality television]] show, from 2003 to 2015. ''[[Forbes]]'' estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion.{{efn|name=Wealth}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE net worth without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->',
63 => '',
64 => 'Trump entered the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential race]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and defeated 16 other candidates in the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|primaries]]. [[Political positions of Donald Trump|His political positions]] have been described as [[populist]], [[protectionist]], and [[nationalist]]. Despite being disfavored in most forecasts, he was elected in a surprise victory over [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Hillary Clinton]], although he lost the popular vote.{{efn|name=electoral-college|Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]], in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in [[United States Congress|Congress]], and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for [[faithless electors]]). Consequently, it is possible for the [[president-elect]] to have received fewer votes from the country's total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|five times since 1824]].}} He became the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|oldest first-term U.S. president]],{{efn|[[Ronald Reagan]] was older upon his second-term inauguration.}} and the first without [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|prior military or government service]]. His election and policies have sparked [[Protests against Donald Trump|numerous protests]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 20. --> Trump has made [[Veracity of statements by Donald Trump|many false or misleading statements]] during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 35. --> Many of his [[Racial views of Donald Trump|comments and actions]] have also been characterized as racially charged or racist.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 30. -->',
65 => '',
66 => 'During [[Presidency of Donald Trump|his presidency]], Trump [[Executive Order 13769|ordered a travel ban]] on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after [[Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban|legal challenges]], the Supreme Court upheld [[Presidential Proclamation 9645|the policy's third revision]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence IN ANY WAY without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 23. --> He enacted [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|a tax-cut package]] for individuals and businesses, rescinding the [[individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]]. He appointed [[Neil Gorsuch]] and [[Brett Kavanaugh]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an [[America First (policy)|America First]] agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] trade negotiations, the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change, and the [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Iran nuclear deal]], eventually [[2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis|increasing tensions]] with the country. He [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]], [[Trump tariffs|imposed import tariffs]] triggering [[China–United States trade war|a trade war with China]], and attempted [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|negotiations with North Korea]] toward their [[denuclearization]].',
67 => '',
68 => 'A [[Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|special counsel investigation]] led by [[Robert Mueller]] [[Mueller Report|found]] that Trump and [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|his campaign]] welcomed and encouraged [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian foreign interference]] in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|criminal conspiracy]] or coordination{{efn|name=coordination|"In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]'{{snd}}a term that appears in the appointment order{{snd}}with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement{{snd}}tacit or express{{snd}}between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." [https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report], vol. I, p. 2}} with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for [[obstruction of justice]], and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that score. ',
69 => '',
70 => 'A [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|2019 House impeachment inquiry]] found that Trump solicited [[Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections|foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election]] from [[Trump–Ukraine scandal|Ukraine]] to help his [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|re-election bid]], and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The inquiry reported that he withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to publicly announce investigations into his political rivals. [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|Trump was impeached]] by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] on December 18, 2019, for [[abuse of power]] and [[obstruction of Congress]]. He is the third{{efn|name=third|[[Bill Clinton]] was impeached in 1998, and [[Andrew Johnson]] was impeached in 1868. [[Richard Nixon]] resigned from office before a vote on his impeachment articles could be held by the House of Representatives.<ref>{{Cite news|title=House Formally Concludes Inquiry Into Impeachment |last=Rosenbaum |first=David E. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 21, 1974 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/21/archives/house-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html |accessdate=December 19, 2019}}</ref>}} impeached U.S. president in history.',
71 => '{{TOC limit|3}}',
72 => '',
73 => '== Family and personal life ==',
74 => '=== Early life and education ===',
75 => '[[File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder|1964 yearbook photo]]',
76 => '',
77 => 'Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at the Jamaica Hospital in the borough of [[Queens]], New York City.<ref name="Birth Certificate">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |title=Certificate of Birth |publisher=Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics |via=[[ABC News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |archivedate=May 12, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Birth Certificate 2">{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |title=Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump |publisher=The Jamaica Hospital |via=[[Fox News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |archivedate=April 9, 2011 |url-status=live |accessdate=October 23, 2018}}</ref> His father was [[Frederick Christ Trump]], a Bronx-born real estate developer, whose own parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife and socialite [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/26/nyregion/fred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html |title=Fred C. Trump, Postwar Master Builder of Housing for Middle Class, Dies at 93 |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |date=June 26, 1999 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> Trump grew up in the [[Jamaica Estates, Queens|Jamaica Estates]] neighborhood of Queens, and attended the [[Kew-Forest School]] from kindergarten through seventh grade.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 32]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html |title=Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}</ref> At age 13, he was enrolled in the [[New York Military Academy]], a private boarding school.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 38]}}',
78 => 'In 1964, Trump enrolled at [[Fordham University]].{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 45]}}<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Viser |title=Even in college, Donald Trump was brash |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Two years later he transferred to the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 />{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241 241]}} While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer |title=The real reason Donald Trump is so rich |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 3, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |url-access=limited}}</ref> graduating in May 1968 with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in economics.<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate |date=Spring 2007 |website=[[The Wharton School]] |url=https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |pages=19–21 |title=Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] |date=May 20, 1968 |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf}}</ref> Profiles of Trump published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton. However, he had never made the school's honor roll.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 20, 2018 |first=Avi |last=Selk |title=It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/}}</ref> In 2015 Trump's lawyer [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ashford |first1=Grace |title=Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Frazin |first1=Rachel |title=Cohen: Trump directed me to threaten schools not to release grades, SAT scores |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/431810-cohen-trump-directed-me-to-threaten-high-school-colleges-not-to |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref>',
79 => '',
80 => 'While in college, Trump obtained four student [[Conscription in the United States|draft]] deferments.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html |title=How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam |last=Lee |first=Kurtis |date=August 4, 2016 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=August 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="defer">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show |title=Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show |date=April 29, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]] |first=Brian |last=Montopoli |accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html |title=Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] |access-date=September 23, 2019}} – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</ref> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified {{nowrap|1-Y}} (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<ref name="Whitlock21July">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html |title=Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War |last=Whitlock |first=Craig |authorlink=Craig Whitlock |date=July 21, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 2, 2017|url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump said in 2015 that the medical deferment was due to a [[bone spur]] in a foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted; his presidential campaign stated that the spurs were in both heels, a minor issue expected to be temporary.<ref name="Whitlock21July"/> In 1972, he was reclassified {{nowrap|4-F}}, which permanently disqualified him from service.<ref name="SE">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Philipps |first2=Dave |author2link=David Philipps |date=August 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 2, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="emery">{{cite news |last=Emery |first=David |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/ |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments |website=[[Snopes.com]] |date=August 2, 2016 |accessdate=October 16, 2018}}</ref>',
81 => '',
82 => '=== Family ===',
83 => '',
84 => '{{Main|Family of Donald Trump}}',
85 => '{{Further|Trump family}}',
86 => '',
87 => 'Trump's father, Fred, was born in 1905 in [[the Bronx]]. He started working with his mother in real estate when he was 15. Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<ref name="Blair1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120 |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9 |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|location=New York City|date=December 4, 2001 |page=120}}</ref> was active in the [[Boroughs of New York City|New York boroughs]] of [[Queens]] and [[Brooklyn]], building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<ref name=dad>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> In spite of his [[German Americans|German ancestry]], Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the [[anti-German sentiment]] sparked by World War II;{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=159}}<ref name="CNN Swedish">{{cite news |title=Trump's family denied German heritage for years |first=Jennifer |last=Hansler |date=November 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html}}</ref> Trump repeated this claim until the 1990s.<ref name="CNN Swedish" /><ref>{{cite news |title=For Donald Trump's Family, an Immigrant's Tale With 2 Beginnings |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |date=August 21, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/politics/for-donald-trumps-family-an-immigrants-tale-with-2-beginnings.html}}</ref> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<ref name=Pilon>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother |first=Mary |last=Pilon |authorlink=Mary Pilon |date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<ref name=Pilon/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps |first=Sally |last=McGrane |date=April 29, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump grew up with three elder siblings{{snd}}[[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Fred Jr., and Elizabeth{{snd}}and younger brother Robert.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=April 11, 2019 |first=Ashley |last=Collman |title=Meet Donald Trump's siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge |accessdate=November 2, 2019 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10}}</ref>',
88 => '[[File:Trump Family Hand Up.jpg|thumb|[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump is sworn in]] as president by Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] on January 20, 2017: Trump, his wife [[Melania Trump|Melania]], and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Barron Trump|Barron]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], [[Eric Trump|Eric]], and [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]].]]',
89 => '',
90 => 'In 1977, Trump married [[Czechs|Czech]] model [[Ivana Zelníčková]].{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=300}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/07/donald-ivana-trump-divorce-prenup-marie-brenner |title=After The Gold Rush |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |first=Marie |last=Brenner |authorlink=Marie Brenner |date=September 1990 |accessdate=January 10, 2016}}</ref> They have three children, [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]] (born 1977), [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] (born 1981), and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child |title=Lara and Eric Trump welcome second child |work=[[NBC Montana]] |date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Lewiston Journal]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=Google News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442 |title=Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen |date=May 27, 1988 |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress [[Marla Maples]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children |title=Ivana Trump to write memoir about raising US president's children |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Maples and Trump married in 1993<ref>{{cite news |url=https://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man |title=The Donald Bids Hearts For Marla Trump Wedding Draws 1,100 Friends, But Not Many Stars |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=August 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115146/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man |archive-date=December 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Capuzzo |first=Mike |title=Marla Finally Becomes Mrs. Trump It Was 'Paparazzi' Aplenty And Glitz Galore As The Couple Pledged Their Troth. |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=June 20, 2019 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archivedate=January 19, 2016}}</ref> and had one daughter, [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] (born 1993).<ref name=Slate07202016>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=Ruth |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father |url=https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> They were divorced in 1999,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html |title=Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Sheila Cosgrove |last=Baylis |date=August 7, 2013 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<ref name=NYT-20161002>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html |title=The Other Trump |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Alessandra |last=Stanley |authorlink=Alessandra Stanley |date=October 1, 2016 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2005, Trump married [[Slovenia]]n model [[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]].<ref name=Post52208>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html |title=Donald Trump, Settling Down |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Tina |last=Brown |authorlink=Tina Brown |date=January 27, 2005 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> They have one son, [[Barron Trump|Barron]] (born 2006).<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/ |accessdate=March 10, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318 |title=What is the Einstein visa? And how did Melania Trump get one? |date=March 2, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |website=BBC}}</ref>',
91 => '',
92 => '=== Religion ===',
93 => '',
94 => 'Trump is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie |last=Glueck |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-religious-dealmaking-dividends-232277 |title=Trump's religious dealmaking pays dividends |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=December 7, 2016 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |quote=Trump is a Presbyterian, and speculation is already underway over whether, and where, he might go to church regularly in Washington.}}</ref> As a child, he attended the [[First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica|First Presbyterian Church]] in Jamaica, Queens, where he had his [[confirmation]].<ref name="BarronNYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html |title=Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron (journalist) |date=September 5, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> In the 1970s, his parents joined the [[Marble Collegiate Church]] in Manhattan,<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17">{{cite news |last=Schwartzman |first=Paul |title=How Trump got religion – and why his legendary minister's son now rejects him |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> part of the [[Reformed Church in America|Reformed Church]].<ref name="Christian Post 20150828">{{cite news |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/marble-collegiate-church-says-donald-trump-is-not-an-active-member-143991/ |title=Marble Collegiate Church Says Donald Trump Is Not an Active Member |work=[[The Christian Post]] |first=Leonardo |last=Blair |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> The pastor at Marble, [[Norman Vincent Peale]],<ref name="BarronNYT"/> ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81]}}<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17" />',
95 => '',
96 => 'Trump says he is "not sure" whether he ever asked God for forgiveness: "If I do something wrong, I just try and make it right. I don't bring God into that picture." He tries to take [[Holy Communion]] as often as possible because it makes him "feel cleansed".<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/18/politics/trump-has-never-sought-forgiveness/ |title=Trump believes in God, but hasn't sought forgiveness |first=Eugene |last=Scott |date=July 19, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref> While campaigning, Trump referred to ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' as his second favorite book saying, "Nothing beats the [[Bible]]."<ref name=Weigel11Aug>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/ |title=In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak' |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=August 22, 2015 |first=David |last=Weigel |authorlink=David Weigel}}</ref>',
97 => '',
98 => 'In 2015, Trump's campaign released a list of religious advisers, including [[James Dobson]], [[Jerry Falwell Jr.]], [[Ralph Reed]], [[Michele Bachmann]], and [[Robert Jeffress]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board |title=Trump campaign announces evangelical executive advisory board |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=January 17, 2017 |website=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118140319/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board |archivedate=January 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2016/june-web-only/whos-who-of-trumps-tremendous-faith-advisors.html |date=June 22, 2016 |first1=Kate |last1=Shellnutt |first2=Sarah Eekhoff |last2=Zylstra |title=Who's Who of Trump's 'Tremendous' Faith Advisers |work=[[Christianity Today]] |accessdate=May 10, 2018}}</ref>',
99 => 'In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, controversial televangelist [[Paula White]], to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/politics/trump-religion-gospel/ |title=The guilt-free gospel of Donald Trump |first=Daniel |last=Burke |website=[[CNN]] |date=October 24, 2016 |accessdate=January 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy |title=Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html |accessdate=12 January 2020 |date=November 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html}}</ref>',
100 => '',
101 => '=== Health and lifestyle ===',
102 => '',
103 => 'Trump [[teetotalism|abstains from alcohol]], a reaction to his older brother Fred Trump Jr.'s [[alcoholism]] and early death,<ref name="nytimesalc">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> and says he has never smoked cigarettes or [[cannabis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |accessdate=September 4, 2016 |work=Watters' World |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |quote=Watters: "Have you ever smoked weed?" Trump: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you one hundred percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."}}</ref> He likes [[fast food]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Ashley |authorlink=Ashley Parker |title=Donald Trump's Diet: He'll Have Fries With That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump is the poster child of sleep deprivation: Arianna Huffington |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017 |first1=Sam |last1=Meredith |first2=Tania |last2=Bryer |author2link=Tania Bryer}}</ref> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise",<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=1018068353305411584 |title=I have arrived in Scotland and will be at Trump Turnberry for two days of meetings, calls and hopefully, some golf – my primary form of exercise! The weather is beautiful, and this place is incredible! Tomorrow I go to Helsinki for a Monday meeting with Vladimir Putin. |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> although he usually does not walk the course.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/ |title=Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry |work=Golf News Net |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fitness/exclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B |title=Exercise? I get more than people think, Trump says |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=Jeff |last1=Mason |first2=Steve |last2=Holland |date=January 18, 2018 |quote=He gets exercise by playing golf, he said, even though he typically rides around the course in a golf cart.}}</ref> He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html |title=Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |date=February 7, 2019 |quote=Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |title=Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 12, 2017 |quote=Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he "believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted".}}</ref>',
104 => '',
105 => 'In December 2015, [[Harold Bornstein]], who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f |title=Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report |last=Herreria |first=Carla |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump himself had dictated the contents of the letter,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence III |last2=Crook |title=Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref> and that Trump's representatives had taken away his medical records in February 2017.<ref name="Schechter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files |last=Schecter |first=Anna |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=June 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501223104/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |title=Trump's ex-personal doctor claims his office was "raided" for Trump's records |date=May 1, 2018 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trumps-personal-doctor-claims-his-office-was-raided-for-trumps-records/ |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>',
106 => '',
107 => 'In January 2018, White House physician [[Ronny Jackson]] said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's first full presidential physical exam, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |first1=Eliza |last1=Barclay |first2=Julia |last2=Belluz |author2link=Julia Belluz |date=January 16, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref> although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended.<ref name=time-20180117>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |first=Jamie |last=Ducharme |title=The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2018}}</ref> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 [[Low-density lipoprotein|LDL cholesterol]] level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<ref name=nyt-20180117>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Gina |last2=Kolata |author2link=Gina Kolata |title=Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician [[Sean Conley]] said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically [[obese]].<ref name="obese">{{cite news |last1=Howard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |title=Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=February 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> His 2019 [[coronary CT calcium scan]] score indicates he suffers from [[coronary artery disease]], which is common for white men at his age.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjay |title=President Trump has common form of heart disease |date=February 1, 2018 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019}}</ref>',
108 => '=== Wealth ===',
109 => '{{Main|Wealth of Donald Trump}}',
110 => '{{See also|Tax returns of Donald Trump}}',
111 => 'In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial ''[[Forbes]]'' list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<ref name=OBrien2005Oct>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html |title=What's He Really Worth? |first=Timothy L. |last=O'Brien |authorlink=Timothy L. O'Brien |accessdate=February 25, 2016 |date=October 23, 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In its 2019 [[billionaire]]s ranking, ''Forbes'' estimated Trump's net worth at $3.1 billion<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth|This estimate is by ''Forbes'' in their annual ranking. [[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]] listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<ref name="BBI">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index–Donald Trump |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/ |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<ref name="WX">{{cite web |title=Donald John Trump–Wealth-X Dossier |url=https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/ |website=Wealth-X |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archivedate=April 18, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/}}</ref>}} (715th in the world, 259th in the U.S.)<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires |title=#715 Donald Trump |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |accessdate=March 5, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the [[List of richest American politicians|richest politicians in American history]] and the first billionaire American president.<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires"/> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10 |title=Trump has fallen 138 spots on Forbes' wealthiest-Americans list, his net worth down over $1 billion, since he announced his presidential bid in 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 3, 2018 |first=John |last=Walsh |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the [[Federal Elections Commission]] (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<ref name="financial-pr">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf |title=Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission |first1=Corey R. |last1=Lewandowski |author1link=Corey Lewandowski |first2=Hope |last2=Hicks |author2link=Hope Hicks |date=July 15, 2015 |accessdate=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309043101/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_%281%29.pdf}}</ref> however FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC"/> Trump stated in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Robert Jr. |last2=O'Harrow |title=Trump: A True Story |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/}}</ref>',
112 => '[[File:Ivana Trump shakes hands with Fahd of Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|Trump with King [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia]], U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]], and his first wife [[Ivana Trump]] in 1985]]',
113 => 'Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using a pseudonym "[[Pseudonyms of Donald Trump|John Barron]]", called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the [[Forbes 400]] list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that ''Forbes'' had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 20, 2018 |first=Jonathan |last=Greenberg |title=Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html}}</ref>',
114 => 'Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<ref name="small-loan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html |title=Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started |website=[[CNBC]] |first=Scott |last=Stump |date=October 26, 2015 |accessdate=November 13, 2016}}</ref> In October 2018, ''The New York Times'' reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<ref name="takeaways">{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html |title=11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation Into Trump's Wealth |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tax_Schemes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html |title=Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 2, 2018}}</ref> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[USA Today]] |first1=Jon |last1=Campbell |first2=Joseph |last2=Spector |title=New York could levy hefty penalties if Trump tax fraud is proven |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |accessdate=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="AP2018-12-16"/> Analyses by ''[[The Economist]]'' and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<ref name="econ_From">{{cite news |title=From the Tower to the White House |work=[[The Economist]] |date=February 20, 2016 |accessdate=February 29, 2016 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white |quote=Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |title=The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire |date=February 29, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/}}</ref> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html |title=Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit |first=Kevin |last=Breuninger |date=October 2, 2018 |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref>',
115 => 'Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. ''The New York Times'' reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991{{snd}}more than $250 million each year{{snd}}were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<ref name=Buettner-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Russ |last=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig}}</ref><ref name=Friedersdorf-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/ |title=The Secret That Was Hiding in Trump's Taxes |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Conor |last=Friedersdorf |authorlink=Conor Friedersdorf}}</ref>',
116 => '== Business career ==',
117 => '{{Main|Business career of Donald Trump}}',
118 => '{{Further|Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia}}',
119 => '=== Real estate ===',
120 => '[[File:Trump Tower - lower part.jpg|thumb|upright|Distinctive façade of [[Trump Tower]], headquarters of the Trump Organization, in [[Midtown Manhattan]]]]',
121 => 'Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=46}}<ref name=Mahler /> He assisted his father in the attempted turnaround of the troubled Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio, which the elder Trump had bought at foreclosure in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |last=Korte |first=Gregory |url=https://www.enquirer.com/editions/2002/09/01/loc_complex_was_troubled.html |title=Complex was troubled from beginning |newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |date=September 1, 2002 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="mk">{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Meg |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/02/28/the-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success/ |title=The tall tale of President Trump's Cincinnati 'success' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2018 |accessdate=May 19, 2018}}</ref> In 1971, when his father promoted him to president of the family company, he renamed it [[The Trump Organization]].{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 250]}}<ref name="mk" />',
122 => '==== Manhattan developments ====',
123 => '',
124 => 'Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict [[Grand Hyatt New York|Commodore Hotel]], adjacent to [[Grand Central Terminal]]. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<ref>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Rich |authorlink=Frank Rich |title=The Original Donald Trump |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=April 29, 2018 |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<ref name="Kessler160303">{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father |date=March 3, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel,{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=32–35}} and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop [[Trump Tower]], a [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |date=April 8, 1984 |first=William |last=Geist |authorlink=Bill Geist |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html}}</ref><ref name="wdc150915">{{cite news |last=Dohan |first=William C. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/business/dealbook/decades-old-questions-over-trumps-wealth-and-education.html |title=Decades-Old Questions Over Trump's Wealth and Education |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 28, 2015 |accessdate=June 9, 2018}}</ref> That building was formerly Trump's primary residence and now houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization.<ref name="TrumpTowerResidence">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/us/politics/new-york-primary.html |title=With the New York Presidential Primary, the Circus Is Coming Home |first1=Matt |last1=Flegenheimer |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="TrumpTowerResidence1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html |title=Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back. |first=Alexander |last=Burns |authorlink=Alex Burns (journalist) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 9, 2016 |accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>',
125 => '',
126 => 'In 1988, Trump acquired the [[Plaza Hotel]] in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plaza Hotel bankruptcy plan approved |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<ref name="NYT-19950412">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html |title=Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=David |last1=Stout |author1link=David Stout |first2=Kenneth |last2=Gilpin |date=April 12, 1995 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Satow |first=Julie |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss |title=That Time Trump Sold the Plaza Hotel at an $83 Million Loss |website=Bloomberg |date=May 23, 2019 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref>',
127 => '',
128 => 'In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at [[40 Wall Street]]. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=81–82}} In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a {{convert|70|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract in the [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] neighborhood near the [[Hudson River]]. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, [[Riverside South, Manhattan|Riverside South]]. Trump temporarily retained a partial stake in an adjacent site along with other investors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 billion |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 1, 2005 |accessdate=May 17, 2016}}</ref>',
129 => '',
130 => '==== Palm Beach estate ====',
131 => '',
132 => '{{Main|Mar-a-Lago}}',
133 => '[[File:Mar-a-lago in 2009.jpg|thumb|Mar-a-Lago in 2009]]',
134 => '',
135 => 'In 1985, Trump acquired the [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate in [[Palm Beach, Florida]].<ref name="CP-W">{{cite news |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc |title=Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 23, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="APNews_3-29-1988">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d |title=Trump Fights Property Taxes |website=[[AP News]] |date=March 29, 1988 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="town&countryprice">{{cite web |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/ |title=A History of Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump's American Castle |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |date=December 22, 2017 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 161]}} The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<ref name="samD10-9-17">{{cite web |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/ |title=Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=October 9, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html |title=Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/trump-residence-documents.html |title=See the Paperwork: Trump Changes Residence to Florida |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref>',
136 => '',
137 => '==== Atlantic City casinos ====',
138 => '',
139 => 'In 1984, Trump opened [[Harrah's at Trump Plaza]] hotel and casino in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] with financing from the [[Holiday Corporation]], who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=57–58}} Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 128]}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Stake in Holiday |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/05/business/company-news-trump-stake-in-holiday.html |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 5, 1986}}</ref><ref name="crudele">{{cite news |last=Crudele |first=John |authorlink=John Crudele |title=Holiday Corp. Plans Restructuring |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/13/business/holiday-corp-plans-restructuring.html |accessdate=May 31, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1986}}</ref> Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton Corporation]] for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called [[Golden Nugget Atlantic City|Trump Castle]]. Trump's then-wife [[Ivana Trump|Ivana]] managed it until 1988.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|p=59–60}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 137]}}',
140 => '[[File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg|thumb|alt=The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India.|Entrance of the [[Trump Taj Mahal]] in [[Atlantic City]]]]',
141 => '',
142 => 'Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the [[Taj Mahal casino|Taj Mahal]], in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump–Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet |last=Cuff |first=Daniel |date=December 18, 1988 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/27/business/seven-acquisitive-executives-who-made-business-1988-donald-trump-trump.html |accessdate=May 27, 2011 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> It was financed with $675 million in [[junk bonds]] and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html |title=Trump's Taj – Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite |date=April 8, 1990 |last=Glynn |first=Lenny |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name=UPI9April>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/ |title=Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal |website=[[United Press International]] |date=April 9, 1991 |accessdate=March 21, 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 135]}} The project went bankrupt the following year,<ref name=abc>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-filed-bankruptcy-times/story?id=13419250 |first=Amy |last=Bingham |title=Donald Trump's Companies Filed for Bankruptcy 4 Times |website=[[ABC News]] |date=April 21, 2011 |accessdate=February 20, 2015}}</ref> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html |title=Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |date=October 5, 1991}}</ref> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, [[Trump Shuttle]], and sold his {{convert|282|ft|m|adj=mid}} mega yacht, the ''[[Trump Princess]]'', which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<ref name=Hylton>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html |title=Trump Is Reportedly Selling Yacht |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 11, 1990 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Hylton |first=Richard}}</ref><ref name=Schneider19May>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122177,00.html |title=The Donald Ducks Out |date=May 19, 1997 |accessdate=September 10, 2015 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Karen S. |last=Schneider}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132–133]}}',
143 => '',
144 => 'In 1995, Trump founded [[Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts]] (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the [[Majestic Star II|Trump Casino]] in [[Gary, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Plaza casino stock trades today on Big Board |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Floyd |last=Norris |authorlink=Floyd Norris |date=June 7, 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<ref name=McQuade16Aug>{{cite news |url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ |title=The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire |work=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 21, 2016 |first=Dan |last=McQuade}}</ref> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/ |title=How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure |last=Tully |first=Shawn |date=March 10, 2016 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |accessdate=May 6, 2018}}</ref>',
145 => '',
146 => '==== Golf courses ====',
147 => '',
148 => '{{Main|Donald Trump and golf}}',
149 => '[[File:Trump Turnberry Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 5273443.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof.|[[Turnberry Hotel]] and golf course in [[Ayrshire]], Scotland]]',
150 => '',
151 => '{{As of|December 2016}}, the Trump Organization owns or operates 18 golf course and golf resorts in the United States and abroad.<ref name=CNNMoney>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Ahiza |title=Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html |accessdate=January 21, 2018 |website=[[CNN Money]] |date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million,<ref name="Financial 2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/graphics/politics/trump-archive/docs/trump-fec-financial-disclosure-2015.pdf |title=Donald Trump Personal Financial Disclosure Form 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="cnn-20160519">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/ |title=A peek at Donald Trump's finances |first1=Cristina |last1=Alesci |author1link=Cristina Alesci |first2=Laurie |last2=Frankel |first3=Jeanne |last3=Sahadi |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref> while his three European golf courses did not show a profit.<ref name=Melby19July>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-07-19/trump-is-richer-in-property-and-deeper-in-debt-in-new-valuation |title=Trump Is Richer in Property and Deeper in Debt in New Valuation |date=July 19, 2016 |first=Caleb |last=Melby |quote=In the year that Donald Trump was transformed ... into the presumptive Republican nominee, the value of his golf courses and his namesake Manhattan tower soared ... His net worth rose to $3 billion on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index ...}}</ref>',
152 => '',
153 => 'Trump began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999; his first property was the [[Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)|Trump International Golf Club, West Palm Beach]] in [[Florida]].<ref name=Golf2007>{{cite magazine |first=Gregory|last=Heisler|title=Donald Trump: King of Clubs |url=https://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/donald-trump-king-clubs |magazine=[[Golf Magazine|Golf]] |publisher=[[Howard Milstein]]|location=New York City|date=February 21, 2007 |accessdate=August 5, 2018}}</ref> By 2007, he owned four courses around the U.S.<ref name=Golf2007 /> Following the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], he began purchasing existing golf courses and re-designing them.<ref name=USAToday>{{cite news |last=DiMeglio |first=Steve |title=Donald Trump brings new life to world of golf |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2015/03/03/donald-trump-national-doral-miami-wgc/24322605/ |date=March 3, 2015 |accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref> His use of these courses during his presidency was controversial. Despite frequently criticizing his predecessor [[Barack Obama]] for his numerous golf outings, Trump golfed eleven times during his first eight weeks in office.<ref name=GolfDigest2017>{{cite web |last=Beall |first=Joel |title=President Trump appears to still really like golf, makes 11th trip to course in eight weeks in office |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/president-trump-appears-to-still-really-like-golf-makes-11th-trip-to-course-in-eight-weeks-as-president |accessdate=July 21, 2018 |date=March 20, 2017}}</ref> He visited one of his golf resorts on 187 of his first 848 days in office, 22 percent of the time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/how-much-time-trump-spends-trump-properties-mar-lago-n753366 |title=Tracking President Trump's visits to Trump properties |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Liz |last=Johnstone |date=December 29, 2017}}</ref>',
154 => '',
155 => '=== Branding and licensing ===',
156 => '',
157 => '{{See also|List of things named after Donald Trump}}',
158 => '[[File:Chicago September 2016-2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] in Chicago]]',
159 => '',
160 => 'After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies.<ref name="NYer Branding">{{cite web |last1=Cassidy |first1=John |title=Donald Trump's Business Failures Were Very Real |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |date=May 10, 2019|accessdate=November 9, 2019 |ref=May 20, 2019}}</ref> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (disambiguation)|hotel towers]] owned by various developers around the world. These included projects in [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Chicago]], [[Trump International Hotel Las Vegas|Las Vegas]], [[Old Post Office Pavilion|Washington D.C.]], [[Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower|Panama City]], [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)|Toronto]], and [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)|Vancouver]]. There are also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)|Honolulu]], [[Trump Towers Istanbul|Istanbul]], Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<ref name="Forbes-20170320">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/ |title=From Manila to Hawaii, Meet The Licensing Partners Who Paid Trump The Most |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Jennifer |last=Wang |date=March 20, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref>',
161 => '',
162 => 'The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including the short-lived Cadillac Trump Series,{{dubious|date=November 2019}}<ref name="opulent">{{cite news |author=Autoweek Staff|title=When Donald Trump and Cadillac joined forces to build the 'most opulent' limo ever |url=https://autoweek.com/article/wait-theres-more/when-donald-trump-and-cadillac-joined-forces-build-most-opulent-limo-ever |work=[[Autoweek]] |date=January 13, 2017|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="golden_series">{{cite news |last1=Ehrenfreund |first1=Max |last2=Tankersley |first2=Jim |title=Donald Trump has a favorite carmaker, and that might be a problem |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/12/22/donald-trump-has-a-favorite-carmaker-and-that-might-be-a-problem/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 22, 2016|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref> foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<ref name="overseas">{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michelle Ye Hee |title=How many Trump products were made overseas? Here's the complete list. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="neckties">{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 13, 2018 |first1=Zane |last1=Anthony |first2=Kathryn |last2=Sanders |first3=David A. |last3=Fahrenthold |author3link=David Fahrenthold |title=Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html}}</ref> According to an analysis by ''The Washington Post'', there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Aaron |last1=Williams |first2=Anu |last2=Narayanswamy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/ |title=How Trump has made millions by selling his name |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 25, 2017 |accessdate=December 12, 2017}}</ref> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<ref name="neckties"/>',
163 => '',
164 => '=== Lawsuits and bankruptcies ===',
165 => '',
166 => '{{Main|Legal affairs of Donald Trump|List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump}}',
167 => '',
168 => '{{As of|April 2018}}, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits |url=https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/ |accessdate=April 17, 2018 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> {{as of|2016}}, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450. With Trump or his company as plaintiff, more than half the cases have been against gamblers at his [[casino]]s who had failed to pay off their debts. With Trump or his company as a defendant, the most common type of case involved personal injury cases at his hotels. In cases where there was a clear resolution, Trump's side won 451 times and lost 38.<ref name="USATodayAnalysis">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/ |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=June 2, 2016 |first1=Nick |last1=Penzenstadler |first2=Susan |last2=Page |author2link=Susan Page |quote=About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/282008-trump-brags-about-winning-record-in-lawsuits |title=Trump brags about winning record in lawsuits |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=June 2, 2016 |last=Savransky |first=Rebecca}}</ref>',
169 => '',
170 => 'Trump has never filed for [[personal bankruptcy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/27/business/banks-approve-loans-for-trump-but-take-control-of-his-finances.html |title=Banks Approve Loans for Trump, But Take Control of His Finances |first=Richard D. |last=Hylton |accessdate=October 13, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 27, 1990}}</ref> His hotel and casino businesses have been declared bankrupt six times between 1991 and 2009 in order to re-negotiate debt with banks and owners of stock and bonds.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/donald-trump-companies-bankruptcy-atlantic-city |title=4 Times Donald Trump's Companies Declared Bankruptcy |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=June 29, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Bryan |last=Hood}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-questioned-his-bankruptcies-279717 |first=Hao |last=Li |title=Donald Trump Questioned on His Bankruptcies |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=April 12, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref> Because the businesses used [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]], they were allowed to operate while negotiations proceeded. Trump was quoted by ''Newsweek'' in 2011 saying, "I do play with the bankruptcy laws{{snd}}they're very good for me" as a tool for trimming debt.<ref name=publicintegrity1>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Peter |title=Donald Trump's lawsuits could turn off conservatives who embrace tort reform |url=https://www.publicintegrity.org/2011/05/05/4478/donald-trumps-lawsuits-could-turn-conservatives-who-embrace-tort-reform |accessdate=March 14, 2016 |work=[[Center for Public Integrity]] |date=May 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kurtz |first=Howard |authorlink=Howard Kurtz |title=Kurtz: The Trump Backlash |url=https://www.newsweek.com/kurtz-trump-backlash-66503 |accessdate=March 14, 2016 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 24, 2011}}</ref> The six bankruptcies were the result of over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York: [[Trump Taj Mahal]] (1991), [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino]] (1992), [[Plaza Hotel]] (1992), [[Trump Castle Hotel and Casino]] (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and [[Trump Entertainment Resorts]] (2009).<ref name=six>{{cite news |last=Winter |first=Tom |title=Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 24, 2016|accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="forbes-bankruptcy">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref>',
171 => '',
172 => 'During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<ref name="ArtOfTheSpin">{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP}}</ref> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with a notable exception of [[Deutsche Bank]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 8, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith |title=Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12}}</ref>',
173 => '',
174 => 'In April 2019, the [[House Oversight Committee]] issued [[subpoena]]s seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and [[Capital One]], and his accounting firm, [[Mazars USA]]. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman [[Elijah Cummings]] to prevent the disclosures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump sues Deutsche Bank and Capital One over Democrat subpoenas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647 |work=BBC News |date=April 30, 2019 |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 22, 2019 |last1=Fahrenthold |first1=David |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Wagner |first3=John |title=Trump sues in bid to block congressional subpoena of financial records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref> In May, [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|DC District Court]] judge [[Amit Mehta]] ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html |title=Accountants Must Turn Over Trump's Financial Records, Lower-Court Judge Rules |first=Charlie |last=Savage |authorlink=Charlie Savage |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and judge [[Edgardo Ramos]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District Court of New York]] ruled that the banks must also comply.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 22, 2019 |first1=Renae |last1=Merle |first2=Michael |last2=Kranish |author2link=Michael Kranish |first3=Felicia |last3=Sonmez}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html |title=Deutsche Bank Can Release Trump Records to Congress, Judge Rules |first=Emily |last=Flitter |date=May 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543 |title=Trump's appeal to keep finances away from Democrats goes to court headed by Merrick Garland |date=May 21, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |first=Alexandra |last=Hutzler}}</ref> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Lawfare (blog)|Lawfare]] |date=June 10, 2019 |first=Mikhaila |last=Vogel |title=Trump Legal Team Files Brief in Mazars Appeal |accessdate=June 12, 2019 |url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2019 |first=Renae |last=Merle |title=House subpoenas for Trump's bank records put on hold while President appeals |accessdate=May 28, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/}}</ref>',
175 => '',
176 => '=== Side ventures ===',
177 => '',
178 => 'After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 |title=Five take-aways from Donald Trump's financial disclosure |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Anthony |last=Zurcher}}</ref><ref name="jk-8-7-15"/>',
179 => '',
180 => 'In September 1983, Trump purchased the [[New Jersey Generals]]{{snd}}an American football team that played in the [[United States Football League]]. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the [[NFL]] for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust lawsuit against the organization.<ref name=Markazi>{{cite news |first=Arash |last=Markazi |authorlink=Arash Markazi |title=5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL |date=July 14, 2015 |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience}}</ref><ref name=Morris>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/ |title=Donald Trump Fought the NFL Once Before. He Got Crushed |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |last=Morris |first=David}}</ref>',
181 => '',
182 => 'Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the [[Boardwalk Hall|Atlantic City Convention Hall]] adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including [[Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks|Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight]] against [[Michael Spinks]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html |title=Trump Gets Tyson Fight |accessdate=February 11, 2011 |date=February 25, 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=137}} In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the [[Tour de Trump]] cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [[Tour de France]] or the [[Giro d'Italia]].<ref name=Hogan>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801 |title=The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza |first=Kevin |last=Hogan |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 10, 2016 |accessdate=April 12, 2016}}</ref>',
183 => '',
184 => 'Trump purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies during the late 1980s, as Wall Street saw a wave of corporate acquisitions known as [[leveraged buyouts]]. In some cases, these acquisitions were [[Takeover#Hostile|hostile takeovers]] conducted by so-called [[corporate raider|corporate raiders]]. Some raiders purchased a stake in a public company with the stated but feigned intent of acquiring it, then pressured management to repurchase the stake at a profitable premium for the raider — a practice known as [[greenmail]]. Some observers believed Trump was engaged in such practices, though he denied it. Analysis conducted by ''The New York Times'' found that Trump made millions of dollars in these stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |first1=Russ |last1=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |date=May 8, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html |title=American Air Gets Trump Bid Of $7.5 Billion |first=Agis |last=Salpukas |date=October 6, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html |title=Trump Ends His Struggle to Gain Control of Bally |first=Donald |last=Janson |date=February 23, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>',
185 => '',
186 => 'In 1988, Trump founded [[Trump Shuttle]], purchasing 21 planes and landing rights at three airports in New York City, Boston, and the Washington, D.C., area, from the defunct [[Eastern Air Lines]], costing $380 million financed from 22 banks. The airline offered charter services in addition to scheduled shuttle flights, and was eventually sold to [[USAir Group]] in 1992 after failing to operate at a profit.<ref name="plane_rumour">{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/ |title=Too good to check: Sean Hannity's tale of a Trump rescue |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 14, 2019}}</ref>',
187 => '[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright|Trump's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], installed in 2007]]',
188 => '',
189 => 'From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part of or all the [[Miss Universe]] pageants, including [[Miss USA]] and [[Miss Teen USA]].<ref name="pageantsaleWME">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9 |title=Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization |date=September 14, 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=May 6, 2016}}</ref> Due to disagreements with [[CBS]] about scheduling, he took both pageants to [[NBC]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Jim |last=Rutenberg |authorlink=Jim Rutenberg |accessdate=August 14, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/ |title=There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Lisa |last=De Moraes |authorlink=Lisa de Moraes |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 2007, Trump received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<ref name="cz160129">{{cite news |last=Zara |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Zara |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think |title=Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |date=October 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref> In September 2015, Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization, and sold the entire company to the [[William Morris Endeavor|William Morris]] talent agency.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jethro|last=Nededog|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref>',
190 => '',
191 => '==== Trump University ====',
192 => '',
193 => '{{Main|Trump University}}',
194 => '',
195 => 'In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called [[Trump University]] that sold real estate training courses priced at between $1,500 and $35,000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gitell |first=Seth |date=March 8, 2016 |title=I Survived Trump University |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name=vf>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal |title=Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real Estate Students? |last=Cohan |first=William D. |authorlink=William D. Cohan |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=nyt511>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |authorlink=Michael Barbaro |title=New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School |date=May 19, 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html}}</ref> After New York State authorities twice notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute" in 2010.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016"/>',
196 => '',
197 => 'In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016">{{cite news |first=David |last=Halperin |title=NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/ny-court-refuses-to-dismi_b_9358360.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/ |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last=Lee |title=Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 27, 2016 |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}</ref> In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents of the company revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<ref name=twofront>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/ |title=Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university' |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Kevin |last=McCoy |date=August 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ronald_tu>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html |title=Former Trump University Workers Call the School a 'Lie' and a 'Scheme' in Testimony |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Barbaro |last2=Eder |first2=Steve |date=May 31, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents |title=Hard Sell: The Potential Political Consequences of the Trump University Documents |last=Montenaro |first=Domenico |date=June 1, 2016 |publisher=[[NPR]] |accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 30, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Judge Orders Documents Unsealed in Trump University Lawsuit |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hamburger |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Hamburger |title=Judge bashed by Trump orders release of company records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-orders-release-of-internal-trump-university-documents/2016/05/28/2e960e5e-24f9-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |accessdate=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to a settlement of all three pending cases and agreed to pay a total of $25 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html |title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016}}</ref> New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman called the settlement and payment "a stunning reversal by Donald Trump and a major victory for the over 6,000 victims of his fraudulent university".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 19, 2016 |first1=Brent |last1=Kendall |first2=Sara |last2=Randazzo |title=Trump University Fraud Cases Settled for $25 Million |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-is-in-advanced-talks-to-settle-trump-university-fraud-allegations-1479488654}}</ref> Trump denied any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/11/19/president-elect-hints-he-might-not-have-settled-if-he-werent-get-ready-for-his-inauguration/94123452/ |title=Trump tweets he settled $25M fraud case because he's too busy |last=Stanglin |first=Doug |date=November 19, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/donald-trump-nearing-settlement-trump-university-fraud-case-article-1.2878780 |title=Donald set to pay $25M in Trump University fraud case settlement |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |first1=Kenneth |last1=Lovett |first2=Nancy |last2=Dillon}}</ref>',
198 => '',
199 => '=== Foundation ===',
200 => '',
201 => '{{Main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}}',
202 => '',
203 => 'The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref> established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-3404773 |title=Donald J Trump Foundation Inc – GuideStar Profile |website=[[GuideStar]] |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> The foundation's funds have mostly come from donors other than Trump, who has not given personally to the charity since 2008.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>',
204 => '',
205 => 'The foundation's tax returns show that it has given to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref> In 2009, for example, the foundation gave $926,750 to about forty groups, with the biggest donations going to the [[Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children|Arnold Palmer Medical Center Foundation]] ($100,000), the [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital]] ($125,000), the [[Police Athletic League]] ($156,000), and the [[Clinton Foundation]] ($100,000).<ref name="SearchingforEvid">{{Cite news |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Danielle |last2=Rindler |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-charity-donations/ |title=Searching for evidence of Trump's personal giving |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Linda |title=Yes, Donald Trump has given to the Clinton Foundation |url=https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2016/aug/28/david-plouffe/yes-donald-trump-donated-100000-clinton-foundation/ |website=[[PolitiFact]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> From 2004 to 2014, the top donors to the foundation were Vince and Linda McMahon of [[WWE]], who donated $5 million to the foundation after Trump appeared at [[WrestleMania]] in 2007.<ref name="WaPoMissing" />',
206 => '',
207 => 'In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office notified the Trump Foundation that the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities, ordering it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob |quote=The Post had reported that the recipients of five charitable contributions listed by the Trump Foundation had no record of receiving those donations. But the newspaper updated its report after CNN questioned the accuracy of three of the five donations it had cited.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/09/14/donald-trump-foundation/ |title=Trump Foundation Falls Under Investigation By New York Attorney General |date=September 14, 2016 |last=Toh |first=Michelle |accessdate=September 27, 2016 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> A Trump spokesman called the Attorney General's investigation a "partisan hit job".<ref name="hit" /> In response to mounting complaints, Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Trump Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref> According to an IRS filing in November 2017, the foundation intended to shut down and distribute its assets (about $970,000) to other charities. However, the New York Attorney General's office had to complete their ongoing investigation before the foundation could legally shut down,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/donald-trump-shutting-down-his-charitable-foundation-n822636 |title=Donald Trump is shutting down his charitable foundation |date=November 20, 2017 |website=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=November 28, 2017 |first1=Ken |last1=Dilanian |first2=Rich |last2=Gardella |first3=Patrick |last3=Martin}}</ref> and in June 2018 they filed a civil suit against the foundation for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> The suit names Trump himself as well as his adult children Donald Jr., Eric, and Ivanka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref>',
208 => '',
209 => 'In December 2018, the foundation agreed to cease operation and disburse all its assets. Attorney General [[Barbara Underwood]], who oversaw the investigation and lawsuit, said the investigation uncovered a "shocking pattern of illegality".<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref><ref name=Fahrenthold-181219>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/a-shocking-pattern-of-illegality-trump-foundation-shuts-down-20181219-p50n2y.html |title=A shocking pattern of illegality': Trump Foundation shuts down |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=December 19, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=David |last=Fahrenthold}}</ref> Months later, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for "breaching his fiduciary duty to properly oversee the foundation that bears his name". The Foundation characterized the penalty as a "contribution", stating it was "pleased to donate an additional $2 million" to "worthy organizations". Trump acknowledged that a January 2016 fundraiser for veterans he organized had actually been a campaign event and the $2.8 million in raised funds were placed under the full control of his campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/07/nyregion/trump-charities-new-york.html |title=Trump Ordered to Pay $2 Million to Charities for Misuse of Foundation |first=Alan |last=Feuer |date=November 7, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref>',
210 => '',
211 => '=== Conflicts of interest ===',
212 => '',
213 => '[[File:Trump AVM opening ceremony.jpg|thumb|[[Tayyip Erdoğan]], then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of the [[Trump Towers Istanbul]] AVM in 2012.]]',
214 => '',
215 => 'Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a [[revocable trust]] run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<ref name="NPR012018">{{cite news |first=Marilyn |last=Geewax |title=Trump Has Revealed Assumptions About Handling Presidential Wealth, Businesses |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/20/576871315/trump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses |website=[[NPR]] |date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC041817">{{cite news |title=A list of Trump's potential conflicts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> According to ethics experts, as long as Trump continues to profit from his businesses, the measures taken by Trump do not help to avoid conflicts of interest.<ref name="Venook">{{cite news |last=Venook |first=Jeremy |title=Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies would affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend that Trump sell off his businesses.<ref name="BBC041817" /> While Trump said his organization would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name="Venook"/>',
216 => '',
217 => 'Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the [[Title of Nobility Clause|Emoluments Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<ref name="Venook" /><ref name="LaFraniere">{{cite news |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |title=Lawsuit on Trump Emoluments Violations Gains Traction in Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html |date=January 25, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<ref name="NPR012018" /> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<ref name="LaFraniere" /> According to ''The Guardian'', "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments{{snd}}including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines{{snd}}seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<ref>{{cite news |title=How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Peter |last=Stone}}</ref> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/21/donald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony/4055162002/ |title='Phony'. Donald Trump mocks 'emoluments' clause of U.S. Constitution that bans foreign gifts |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |last2=Collins |first2=Michael |last3=Jackson |first3=David |date=October 21, 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref>',
218 => '',
219 => 'In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the [[Economy of Saudi Arabia|Saudis]] and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump stands by Saudi prince despite journalist Khashoggi's murder |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 20, 2018}}</ref> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<ref>{{cite news |title=President Trump has a massive conflict of interest on Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/10/18/president-trump-has-massive-conflict-interest-saudi-arabia/ |work=The Washington Post |date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>',
220 => '',
221 => 'In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with [[Turkey]] and Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] because of his [[Trump Towers Istanbul]], saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job{{nbsp}}... It's called Trump Towers{{snd}}two towers instead of one{{nbsp}}... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip|last=Bump|title=Trump's decision on Syria crystallizes questions about his business – and his presidency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/07/trumps-decision-syria-crystallizes-questions-about-his-business-his-presidency/? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's longtime business connections in Turkey back in the spotlight |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/donald-trump-s-longtime-business-connections-turkey-back-spotlight-n1064011 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 9, 2019 |first1=Heidi |last1=Przybyla |first2=Anna |last2=Schecter}}</ref>',
222 => '',
223 => '== Media career ==',
224 => '=== Books ===',
225 => '',
226 => '{{Main|Bibliography of Donald Trump}}',
227 => '',
228 => 'Trump's first book, ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' (1987), topped the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller list]] for 13 weeks, and remained on the list for 48 weeks.<ref name=janemayer /> According to ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon."<ref name=janemayer>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Jane |last=Mayer |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 18, 2016 |accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Co-author [[Tony Schwartz (author)|Tony Schwartz]] later said he did all the writing.<ref name=janemayer /> Two further memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997. Trump's writings then shifted to financial tips and political opinion.<ref name=lozada>{{cite news |first=Carlos |last=Lozada |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=I just binge-read eight books by Donald Trump. Here's what I learned. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2015/07/30/i-just-binge-read-eight-books-by-donald-trump-heres-what-i-learned/ |date=July 30, 2015 |accessdate=June 18, 2017}}</ref>',
229 => '',
230 => '=== WWE ===',
231 => '',
232 => 'Trump has had a sporadic relationship with [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] since the late 1980s; in 1988 and 1989, [[WrestleMania IV]] and [[WrestleMania V|V]], which took place at the [[Atlantic City]] Convention Hall, were billed as taking place at the nearby [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino|Trump Plaza]].<ref name="myth">{{cite news |last=Lelinwalla |first=Mark |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/138117/20160304/donald-trumps-history-wwe.htm |title=Looking Back At Donald Trump's WWE Career |website=Tech Times |date=March 4, 2016|access-date=July 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=wwebio>{{cite web |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump bio |website=[[WWE]] |accessdate=March 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="chief_heel">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Chris |last2=Wetherbee |first2=Brandon |url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/12/donald-trump-learned-his-political-moves-from-wwe.html |title=Heel in Chief |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref> He headlined the record-breaking [[WrestleMania 23]] in 2007.<ref name="chief_heel"/> In 2013, he was inducted into the [[WWE Hall of Fame (2013)|WWE Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Graser |first=Marc |url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/donald-trump-enters-wwes-hall-of-fame-819010/ |title=Donald Trump Enters WWE's Hall of Fame |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 25, 2013 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref>',
233 => '',
234 => '[[Vince McMahon]], the CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, and his wife [[Linda McMahon|Linda]]{{snd}}who later served under Trump as the [[Administrator of the Small Business Administration]]{{snd}}donated toward his endeavors, including a total of $5 million to the [[Trump Foundation]] after WWE performances in 2007 and 2009, and $6 million to his presidential campaign in 2016.<ref name="chief_heel" />',
235 => '',
236 => '=== ''The Apprentice'' ===',
237 => '',
238 => '{{main|The Apprentice (American TV series)}}',
239 => '',
240 => 'In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of ''The Apprentice'', a [[reality show]] in which contestants competed for a one-year management job with the Trump Organization, and Trump weeded out applicants with the [[catchphrase]] "You're fired".<ref name="jk-8-7-15">{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Koffler |title=Donald Trump's 16 Biggest Business Failures and Successes |date=August 7, 2015 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://time.com/3988970/donald-trump-business/}}</ref><ref name="born_7-17-16">{{cite news |last1=Grynbaum |first1=Michael M. |last2=Parker |first2=Ashley |author2link=Ashley Parker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html |title=Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2016 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title=On TV, Trump loved to say 'You're fired.' In real life, he leaves the dirty work to others. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/on-tv-trump-loved-to-say-youre-fired-in-real-life-he-leaves-the-dirty-work-to-others/2018/03/14/0e85d25e-27a7-11e8-b79d-f3d931db7f68_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> He later co-hosted ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice]]'', in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<ref name="jk-8-7-15" /><ref name="born_7-17-16" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Nussbaum |first=Emily |authorlink=Emily Nussbaum |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/07/31/the-tv-that-created-donald-trump |title=The TV That Created Donald Trump |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=July 31, 2017 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> In February 2015, Trump said he was not ready to sign on for another season of the show because he considered running for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20150227/NEWS0605/150229334/1010/Art |work=[[New Hampshire Union Leader]] |title=Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run |first=Paul |last=Feely |date=February 27, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710152015/http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20150227%2FNEWS0605%2F150229334%2F1010%2FArt |archive-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> Despite this, NBC planned a fifteenth season,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2015/03/nbc-still-planning-for-apprentice-despite-donald-trumps-204171.html |work=[[Politico]] |title=NBC still planning for 'Apprentice', despite Donald Trump's presidential claims |first=Dylan |last=Byers |authorlink=Dylan Byers |date=March 18, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> but in June distanced itself from Trump, citing "derogatory statements regarding immigrants" in his campaign announcement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/ |title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref>',
241 => '',
242 => '=== Acting ===',
243 => '',
244 => '{{Main|Donald Trump filmography}}',
245 => '',
246 => 'Trump has made [[cameo appearances]] in twelve films and 14 television series<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite news |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockett |first=Dee |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/06/donald-trump-was-in-the-little-rascals.html |title=Yes, Donald Trump Did Actually Play a Spoiled Rich Kid's Dad in The Little Rascals |work=Vulture |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> and performed a song as a [[Green Acres]] character with [[Megan Mullally]] at the [[57th Primetime Emmy Awards]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanley |first=Patrick |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Emmys Flashback: When Trump Sang the 'Green Acres' Theme in Overalls |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nededog |first=Jethro |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Megan Mullally regrets helping Trump with a 'landslide' win: 'I'm not giving him any points' |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> Trump receives a pension as a member of the [[Screen Actors Guild]].<ref name="jh_2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-did-donald-trump-get-810566 |title=How Did Donald Trump Get a $110K SAG Pension? |newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Jonathan |last=Handel}}</ref> His financial disclosure forms mentioned an annual pension of $110,000 in 2016 and $85,000 in 2017.<ref name="jh_2016" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-07-23/inside-candidate-trump-s-110-000-hollywood-pension-disclosure |title=Inside Donald Trump's $110,000 Hollywood Pension Disclosure |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Christopher |last=Palmeri}}</ref><ref name="jh-2017">{{cite news |last=Handler |first=Jonathan |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trump-ethics-filing-again-shows-sag-pension-entertainment-income-1014417 |title=Trump Ethics Filing Reveals SAG Pension, Entertainment Income |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref>',
247 => '',
248 => '=== Talk shows ===',
249 => 'Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated ''[[Howard Stern Show]]''.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166]}} He also had his own short-form talk radio program called ''[[Trumped!]]'' (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Massie |first1=Christopher |last2=Kaczynski |first2=Andrew |author2link=Andrew Kaczynski |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated |title=There Are Hours Of Audio Of Donald Trump's Nationally Syndicated Radio Show In The 2000s |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=March 16, 2016 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,632500,00.html |title=The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=November 19, 2013 |first=Stephen M. |last=Silverman |authorlink=Stephen M. Silverman}}</ref><!-- Only sources I find are from 2004 like this: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040607005748/en/Trumped!-Donald-Trump-Biggest-Launch-Radio-History --><ref>{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Tedeschi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/06/technology/now-for-sale-online-the-art-of-the-vacation.html |title=Now for Sale Online, the Art of the Vacation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 6, 2006 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on ''[[Fox & Friends]]'' that continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/business/media/fox-news-trump-bill-shine.html/ |title=Fox News Once Gave Trump a Perch. Now It's His Bullhorn. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 1, 2018 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gertz |first=Matthew |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/05/trump-media-feedback-loop-216248 |title=I've Studied the Trump-Fox Feedback Loop for Months. It's Crazier Than You Think. |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Montopoli |first=Brian |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-gets-regular-fox-news-spot/ |title=Donald Trump gets regular Fox News spot |website=[[CBS News]] |date=April 1, 2011 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |title=How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ |accessdate=October 19, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2016}}</ref>',
250 => '',
251 => '== Political career ==',
252 => '=== Political activities up to 2015 ===',
253 => '',
254 => 'Trump's political party affiliation has changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<ref name="PolitiFact.24.Aug.15">{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' |url=https://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> He made donations to both the Democratic and the Republican parties, party committees, and candidates until 2010 when he stopped donating to Democrats and increased his donations to Republicans considerably.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kurtzleben |first=Danielle |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/07/28/426888268/donald-trumps-flipping-political-donations?t=1536218394951 |title=Most of Donald Trump's Political Money Went To Democrats – Until Five Years Ago |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}</ref>',
255 => '',
256 => 'In 1987, Trump spent $94,801 ({{Inflation|US|94,801|1987|fmt=eq}}) to place full-page advertisements in three major newspapers, proclaiming "America should stop paying to defend countries that can afford to defend themselves."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/02/nyregion/trump-gives-a-vague-hint-of-candidacy.html |title=Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Michael |last=Oreskes |authorlink=Michael Oreskes |date=September 2, 1987 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> The advertisements also advocated for "reducing the budget deficit, working for peace in Central America, and speeding up nuclear disarmament negotiations with the [[Soviet Union]]".<ref name="democrat.gala">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/18/us/trump-urged-to-head-gala-of-democrats.html |title=Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 18, 1987 |first=Fox |last=Butterfield}}</ref> After rumors of a presidential run, Trump was invited by then U.S. senator [[John Kerry]] (Democrat from Massachusetts), [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House speaker]] [[Jim Wright]] of Texas, and Arkansas congressman [[Beryl Anthony Jr.]] to host a fundraising dinner for Democratic congressional candidates and to switch parties. Anthony told ''The New York Times'' that "the message Trump has been preaching is a Democratic message." Asked whether the rumors were true, Trump denied being a candidate, but said, "I believe that if I did run for President, I'd win."<ref name="democrat.gala" /> According to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll in December 1988, Trump was the tenth most admired man in America.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3]}}{{sfn|Gallup|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC&pg=PA3 3]}}',
257 => '',
258 => '==== 2000 presidential campaign ====',
259 => '',
260 => '{{Main|Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign}}',
261 => '',
262 => 'In 1999, Trump filed an [[exploratory committee]] to seek the nomination of the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] for the 2000 presidential election.<ref name="NYTimes.Revolution" /><ref name=Winger-111225>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Winger |authorlink=Richard Winger |title=Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries |date=December 25, 2011 |website=[[Ballot Access News]] |url=https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/}}</ref> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee [[George W. Bush]] and likely Democratic nominee [[Al Gore]] showed Trump with seven percent support.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House |last=Johnson |first=Glen |work=Standard-Speaker |location=Hazelton, Pennsylvania}}</ref> Trump eventually dropped out of the race, but still went on to win the Reform Party primaries in California and Michigan.<ref name=Winger-111225/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://primary2000.sos.ca.gov/returns/pres/00.htm |title=CA Secretary of State – Primary 2000 – Statewide Totals |publisher=ca.gov |accessdate=July 1, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216145038/https://primary2000.sos.ca.gov/returns/pres/00.htm |archivedate=February 16, 2015}}</ref> After his run, he left the party due to the involvement of [[David Duke]], [[Pat Buchanan]], and [[Lenora Fulani]].<ref name="NYTimes.Revolution">{{cite news |first=Donald J. |last=Trump |title=What I Saw at the Revolution |date=February 19, 2000 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html}}</ref> He also considered running for president in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Travis |first=Shannon |title=Was he ever serious? How Trump strung the country along, again |url=https://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/16/trump.again/ |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 7, 2015 |date=May 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2008, he endorsed Republican [[John McCain]] for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/18/trump-endorses-mccain/ |title=Trump endorses McCain |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 18, 2008 |accessdate=July 12, 2016}}</ref>',
263 => '',
264 => '==== 2012 presidential speculation ====',
265 => '',
266 => '[[File:Donald Trump (5440995138).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], February 2011]]',
267 => '',
268 => 'Trump publicly speculated about running for president in [[2012 United States presidential election|the 2012 election]], and made his first speaking appearance at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in February 2011. The speech is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.towleroad.com/2011/02/goproud-leads-trump-in-2012-movement-at-cpac/ |title=GOProud Leads 'Trump in 2012' Movement at CPAC |website=[[Towleroad.com]] |date=February 10, 2011 |last=Belonsky |first=Andrew}}</ref>',
269 => 'On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election.<ref name=cnnnotrunning>{{cite news |author=CNN Political Unit |title=Trump not running for president |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/16/breaking-trump-not-running-for-president/ |date=May 16, 2011 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref> In February 2012, Trump endorsed [[Mitt Romney]] for president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump endorses Romney, cites tough China position and electability |date=February 2, 2012 |website=[[Fox News]] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/02/02/trump-plans-to-endorse-romney-sources-say.html}}</ref>',
270 => '',
271 => 'Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |authorlink=Ewen MacAskill |title=Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 16, 2011 |quote=Few U.S. political commentators took his campaign seriously and many suggested he was only in it for the publicity.}}</ref> Trump's moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show ''The Apprentice''.<ref name=cnnnotrunning /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2011/0210/Donald-Trump-says-he-might-run-for-president.-Three-reasons-he-won-t |title=Donald Trump says he might run for president. Three reasons he won't. |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=February 10, 2011 |first=Peter |last=Grier |accessdate=April 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/donald-trump-cpac-president-act_n_821923.html |title=Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |first=Jason |last=Linkins |date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> Before the 2016 election, ''The New York Times'' speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the [[White House Correspondents' Association]] Dinner in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 12, 2016 |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |author2link=Alex Burns (journalist) |title=Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html}}</ref>',
272 => '',
273 => 'In 2011, according to Evan Jones, the headmaster of the New York Military Academy at the time, the then-superintendent Jeffrey Coverdale had demanded Trump's academic records, to hand them over to "prominent, wealthy alumni of the school who were Mr. Trump's friends" at their request. Coverdale said he had refused to hand over Trump's records to trustees of the school, and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. Jones stated: "It was the only time in my education career that I ever heard of someone's record being removed," while Coverdale further said: "It's the only time I ever moved an alumnus's records." The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded President Barack Obama's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 5, 2019 |last1=Fisher |first1=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title='Grab that record': How Trump's high school transcript was hidden |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/grab-that-record-how-trumps-high-school-transcript-was-hidden/2019/03/05/8815b7b8-3c61-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>',
274 => '',
275 => '==== 2013–2015 ====',
276 => '',
277 => 'In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<ref name="CPAC1">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump to address CPAC |url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/donald-trump-address-cpac-205409450--politics.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=March 5, 2013 |first=Chris |last=Moody |accessdate=March 6, 2013}}</ref> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Madison |title=Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-immigration-reform-a-suicide-mission-for-gop/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Amira |title=Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] (magazine) |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/03/donald-trump-cpac-speech-empty-seat-photos.html}}</ref> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<ref name="NYPost2016">{{cite news |title=Trump researching 2016 run |date=May 27, 2013 |website=[[Page Six]] |url=https://pagesix.com/2013/05/27/trump-researching-2016-run/}}</ref>',
278 => '',
279 => 'In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against [[Andrew Cuomo]]. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spector |first=Joseph |title=N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/14/trump-new-york-governor/2979589/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 31, 2013}}</ref> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Jake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-trumped-by-andrew-cuomo-in-new-york-governor-race-poll-finds/ |title=Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds |date=February 13, 2014 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=February 9, 2017}}</ref>',
280 => '',
281 => '=== 2016 presidential campaign ===',
282 => '',
283 => '{{Main|Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}',
284 => '',
285 => '==== Republican primaries ====',
286 => '',
287 => '{{See also|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}',
288 => '[[File:Donald Trump Laconia Rally, Laconia, NH 4 by Michael Vadon July 16 2015 19.jpg|thumb|alt=Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.|Trump campaigning in [[Laconia, New Hampshire]], July 2015]]',
289 => '',
290 => 'On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], [[offshoring]] of American jobs, the [[U.S. national debt]], and [[Islamic terrorism]], which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "[[Make America Great Again]]".<ref name="6/15/15transcript">{{cite speech |url=https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/ |title=Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech |via=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Donald |last=Trump |author-link=Donald Trump |date=June 16, 2015 |location=Trump Tower, New York City}} ''Transcript of full speech''</ref><ref name="AnnouncingCandidacy">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump Presidential Campaign Announcement Full Speech (C-SPAN) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM |website=YouTube |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |format=Video |date=June 16, 2015}}</ref> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066 |first=Adam B. |last=Lerner |title=The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=640280850182090752 |title=By self-funding my campaign, I am not controlled by my donors, special interests or lobbyists. I am only working for the people of the U.S.! |date=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> but according to ''The Atlantic'', "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/ |title=The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=David A. |last=Graham |date=May 13, 2016 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref>',
291 => '',
292 => 'In the primaries, Trump was one of seventeen candidates for the 2016 Republican nomination. This was the largest presidential field in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/3948922/jim-gilmore-virginia-2016/ |title=More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever |last=Linshi |first=Jack |date=July 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 14, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/123228/how-donald-trump-evolved-joke-almost-serious-candidate |date=October 27, 2015 |first=Elspeth |last=Reeve |title=How Donald Trump Evolved From a Joke to an Almost Serious Candidate |work=[[The New Republic]] |accessdate=July 23, 2018}}</ref>',
293 => '',
294 => 'On [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016#March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday|Super Tuesday]], Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/23/why-donald-trump-is-poised-to-win-the-nomination-and-lose-the-general-election-in-one-poll/ |title=Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 23, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> After a landslide win in [[Indiana Republican primary, 2016|Indiana]] on May 3, 2016{{snd}}which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and [[John Kasich]] to suspend their presidential campaigns{{snd}}[[Republican National Committee|RNC]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<ref name="politico_priebus">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/reince-priebus-donald-trump-is-nominee-222767 |title=RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=May 3, 2016 |accessdate=May 4, 2016 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>',
295 => '',
296 => '==== General election campaign ====',
297 => '',
298 => 'After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the [[2016 United States presidential election|general election]]. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.',
299 => '',
300 => 'Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016|national polls]] throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|email controversy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/amp/poll-clinton-trump-now-tied-gop-convention-kicks-n611936 |title=Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off |last1=Hartig |first1=Hannah |last2=Lapinski |first2=John |last3=Psyllos |first3=Stephanie |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-general-election-trump-vs-clinton |title=2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html |title=General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=RealClearPolitics}}</ref>',
301 => '[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.|Candidate Trump and running mate [[Mike Pence]] at the [[Republican National Convention]], July 2016]]',
302 => '',
303 => 'On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] as his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP |last=Levingston |first=Ivan |date=July 15, 2016 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/19/republicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html |title=Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee [[Bob Dole]], but the other prior nominees did not attend.<ref name="missing">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-conventions/9-elephants-room-rnc-what-s-missing-speakers-list-n609471 |title=9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |date=July 17, 2016 |accessdate=August 16, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/politics/john-mccain-jeff-flake-donald-trump/ |title=Flake, McCain split over backing Trump |last=Raju |first=Manu |authorlink=Manu Raju |date=May 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 7, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>',
304 => '',
305 => 'On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#First presidential debate (Hofstra University)|their first presidential debate]], which was held at [[Hofstra University]] in [[Hempstead, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uspresidentialelectionnews.com/2016-debate-schedule/2016-presidential-debate-schedule/ |title=2016 Presidential Debate Schedule |date=September 23, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2016}}</ref> The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]] was held at [[Washington University in Saint Louis|Washington University]] in Saint Louis, Missouri. The beginning of that debate was dominated by references to a recently leaked tape of [[Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording|Trump making sexually explicit comments]], which Trump countered by referring to alleged sexual misconduct on the part of Bill Clinton. Prior to the debate, Trump had invited four women who had accused Bill Clinton of impropriety to a press conference. The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Third presidential debate (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)|final presidential debate]] was held on October 19 at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37706499 |title=US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-20/how-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate/7950418 |title=How US media reacted to the third presidential debate |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>',
306 => '',
307 => '==== Political positions ====',
308 => '',
309 => '{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump}}',
310 => '',
311 => 'Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [[U.S.–China relations]] and free trade agreements such as [[NAFTA]] and the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building [[Trump wall|a new wall]] along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing [[energy independence]] while opposing climate change regulations such as the [[Clean Power Plan]] and the [[Paris Agreement]], modernizing and expediting [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs#Benefits|services for veterans]], repealing and replacing the [[Affordable Care Act]], abolishing [[Common Core]] education standards, [[Infrastructure-based development|investing in infrastructure]], simplifying the [[Internal Revenue Code|tax code]] while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing [[tariff]]s on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely [[United States non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000 |title=Trump's promises before and after election |date=September 19, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called [[NATO]] "obsolete".<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/ |title=Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2017 |accessdate=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |issn=0146-3373 |year=2018 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 |title=Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World |quote=On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete' |journal=[[Communication Quarterly]] |volume=66 |issue=2<!-- |pages=176–195 --> |page=176 |first=Jason A. |last=Edwards}}</ref>',
312 => '',
313 => 'His political positions have been described as [[Populism|populist]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=What Is Populism? |last=Muller |first=Jan-Werner |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8122-9378-4 |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html |title=How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'? |last=Kazin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Kazin |date=March 22, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 |title=Trump's 6 populist positions |last=Becker |first=Bernie |date=February 13, 2016 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,<ref name="Donaldjtrump.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |title=Tax Reform |website=Donald J. Trump for president website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |archivedate=January 4, 2016 |accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> consistent with Republican Party policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/16/one-thing-donald-trump-got-right-about-how-the-u-s-is-spending-its-money/ |title=Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night |last=Ehrenfreund |first=Max |date=December 16, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html |title=Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=December 21, 2016 |accessdate=December 21, 2016 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-infrastructure-cities/512432/ |title=Would Trump's Infrastructure Plan Fix America's Cities? |last=Williams |first=Mason B. |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> According to political writer [[Jack Shafer]], Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he attracts [[earned media|free media attention]], sometimes by making outrageous comments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/did-media-reporters-create-trump-2016-campaign-213840 |title=Did We Create Trump? |last=Shafer |first=Jack |authorlink=Jack Shafer |date=May 2016 |quote=... Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest ... |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC&pg=PA56 56]}}',
314 => '',
315 => 'Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<ref name="davida.fahrenthold">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/ |title=20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |date=August 17, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehillFLIP">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops |title='Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=July 12, 2015 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref><ref name="real Donald">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607 |title=Will the real Donald Trump please stand up? |last=Noah |first=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Noah |date=July 26, 2015 |newspaper=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<ref name="real Donald" /> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801 |title=A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>',
316 => '',
317 => '==== Campaign rhetoric ====',
318 => '',
319 => 'In his campaign, Trump said he disdained [[political correctness]]; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse [[media bias]].<ref name=Walsh-160724>{{cite news |first=Kenneth T. |last=Walsh |authorlink=Kenneth T. Walsh |title=Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |quote='If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ted |last=Koppel |authorlink=Ted Koppel |title=Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person" |date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ |quote=Well, I think that I'm an honest person{{nbsp}}... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna{{snd}}you know, I do want them to be straight about it.}}</ref><ref name=Blake-150706>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/ |title=Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. |first=Aaron |last=Blake |date=July 6, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of [[earned media|free media coverage]] during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/ |title=This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |date=June 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>',
320 => '',
321 => 'Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="year">{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |title=2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=December 21, 2015 |first1=Angie Drobnic |last1=Holan |author1link=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu}}</ref><ref name="wapo-false">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Farhi |title=Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) |date=February 26, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html}}</ref> At least four major publications{{snd}}''Politico'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{snd}}have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the ''Los Angeles Times'' saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html |title=The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar |first=Brian |last=Stelter |authorlink=Brian Stelter |date=September 26, 2016}}</ref> [[NPR]] said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCammon |first=Sarah |title=Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line |website=[[NPR]] |date=August 10, 2016 |quote=Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.}}</ref>',
322 => '',
323 => 'Trump's penchant for [[hyperbole]] is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<ref name="reuters-20150828" /> Trump adopted his [[Tony Schwartz (author)|ghostwriter's]] phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<ref name="reuters-20150828">{{cite news |first1=Emily |last1=Flitter |first2=James |last2=Oliphant |title=Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire |date=August 28, 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova />',
324 => '',
325 => '==== Support from the far right ====',
326 => '',
327 => '{{anchor|White supremacist support}}',
328 => '',
329 => 'According to [[Michael Barkun]], the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkun |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Barkun |year=2017<!-- |issn=0954-6553 (print) --> |title=President Trump and the ''Fringe'' |journal=[[Terrorism and Political Violence]] |volume=29<!-- |pages=437–443 --> |issue=3 |page=437 |doi=10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649 |issn=1556-1836}}</ref> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=German |title=We need to stop acting like Trump isn't pandering to white supremacists |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/13/16140504/trump-charlottesville-white-supremacists |accessdate=January 2, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blow |first=Charles M. |authorlink=Charles M. Blow |title=Is Trump a White Supremacist? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/opinion/trump-white-supremacist.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kharakh |first1=Ben |last2=Primack |first2=Dan |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists |url=https://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> He retweeted open racists,<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Daniel |title=Trump Criticized for Retweeting Racist Account |url=https://time.com/4190482/donald-trump-twitter-racist-retweet/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory |date=November 9, 2016 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/11/09/white-nationalists-and-alt-right-celebrate-trump%E2%80%99s-victory |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |accessdate=November 10, 2016}}</ref> and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's ''[[State of the Union (TV series)|State of the Union]]'', saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement |url=https://time.com/4240268/donald-trump-kkk-david-duke/ |accessdate=January 20, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 2016 |first=Melissa |last=Chan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |title=Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/12/30/donald-trump-and-the-alt-right-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2016}}</ref> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/12/16138358/charlottesville-protests-david-duke-kkk |title="Why we voted for Donald Trump": David Duke explains the white supremacist Charlottesville protests |last=Nelson |first=Libby |date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/08/15/david-duke-reaction-trump-news-conference/570517001/ |title=Former KKK leader David Duke praises Trump for his 'courage' |last=Cummings |first=William |date=August 15, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref>',
330 => '',
331 => 'After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<ref name="cnnduke">{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2016 |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump denounces David Duke, KKK |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-disavows-david-duke-kkk/index.html}}</ref> Trump said on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[Morning Joe]]'': "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<ref name="cnnduke"/>',
332 => '',
333 => 'The [[alt-right]] movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> due in part to its [[opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |authorlink=David Weigel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html |title='Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 20, 2016 |accessdate=June 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNNexplained">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it? |first=Gregory |last=Krieg |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |date=August 25, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html |title='Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election |first=Demetri |last=Sevastopulo |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>',
334 => 'Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=George |title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right |date=2017 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-54600-3}}</ref>',
335 => 'In August 2016, he appointed [[Steve Bannon]]{{snd}}the executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]]{{snd}}as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<ref>{{cite news |title=Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/15/breitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 15, 2016 |first=Jason |last=Wilson}}</ref> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<ref name=BBC.Disavows>{{cite news |title=Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069469 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html}}</ref>',
336 => '',
337 => '==== Financial disclosures ====',
338 => '',
339 => 'As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC">{{cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html/ |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |title=Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regulators |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033902/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html |archivedate=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[U.S. Office of Government Ethics]] |via=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=July 15, 2015 |title=Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e) |url=https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf |archivedate=July 23, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf}}</ref> The 2016 form showed little change.<ref name="cnn-20160519" />',
340 => '',
341 => 'Trump has not released [[Donald Trump's tax returns|his tax returns]], contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promise in 2014 to do so if he ran for office.<ref name="Rappeport">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ |title=Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns |last=Rappeport |first=Alan |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 11, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<ref name="CNNtax26Feb">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/ |title=Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits |last=Isidore |first=Chris |date=February 26, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2016 |last2=Sahadi |first2=Jeanne |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/13/politics/donald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business/ |title=Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business' |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |date=May 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>',
342 => '',
343 => 'In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from ''The New York Times''. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<ref name="nyt-20161010">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Twohey |first2=Megan |author2link=Megan Twohey |date=October 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>',
344 => '',
345 => 'On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to [[MSNBC]]. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<ref name="nyt-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Drucker |first2=Jesse |last3=Craig |first3=Susanne |author3link=Susanne Craig |last4=Barstow |first4=David |author4link=David Barstow |date=March 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="hill-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005 |title=WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05 |last=Jagoda |first=Naomi |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref>',
346 => '',
347 => 'On April 3, 2019, the House [[Ways and Means Committee]] made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2 |title=House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns |first=Marcy |last=Gordon |date=April 4, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> That day, Treasury secretary [[Steven Mnuchin]] said the deadline would not be met,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html |title=Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 10, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Damian |last2=Paletta |author2link=Damian Paletta}}</ref> and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760 |title=IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns |first=Aaron |last=Lorenzo |website=[[Politico]] |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> and on May{{nbsp}}6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html |title=Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress |first=Alan |last=Rappeport |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 6, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> On May 10, 2019, committee chairman [[Richard Neal]] subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html |title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=May 10, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367 |title=Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns |first=Richard |last=Rubin |date=May 17, 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 21, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey}}</ref> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270 |title=Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns |first=Toby |last=Eckert |website=[[Politico]] |date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>',
348 => '',
349 => '=== Election to the presidency ===',
350 => '',
351 => '{{Main|2016 United States presidential election}}',
352 => '[[File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|2016 electoral vote results]]',
353 => '',
354 => 'On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after [[Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|defections on both sides]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Kiersten |last1=Schmidt |first2=Wilson |last2=Andrews |title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton |date=December 19, 2016 |accessdate=January 31, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html}}</ref> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|while losing the popular vote]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Desilver |first=Drew |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ |title=Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=December 20, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of [[1824 United States presidential election|1824]], [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]], [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. [[John Quincy Adams]] trailed in ''both'' the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and [[Samuel Tilden]] in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=G. Scott |title=Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |page=125 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |authorlink=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665 |title=Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>}} Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes ({{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}) to 62,984,828 votes ({{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results |url=https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref>',
355 => '',
356 => 'Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide{{snd}}though diminishing{{snd}}lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Maxwell |last=Tani |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html |title=Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Nate |last=Cohn |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref><!-- Likely a combination of multiple factors, don't simplify with just one explanation. -->',
357 => 'The polls were relatively accurate,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 17, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/}}</ref> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=The Media Has A Probability Problem |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/}}</ref>',
358 => '',
359 => 'Trump won 30 states, including [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Wisconsin]], which had been considered a [[Blue wall (politics)|blue wall]] of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with [[United States Presidents and control of Congress|control of]] both chambers of [[United States Congress|Congress]].',
360 => '',
361 => 'Trump is [[List of Presidents of the United States by net worth|the wealthiest president in U.S. history]], even after [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusting]] for [[inflation]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1 |title=Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history |last=Martin |first=Emmie |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and the oldest person to take office as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office |title=It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office |last=Kurtzlebel |first=Danielle |date=June 14, 2016 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=May 3, 2019}}</ref> He is also [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|the first president]] who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Weber |title=Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience |date=November 9, 2016 |website=[[The Week]] |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jesse |last=Yomtov |title=Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents |date=November 8, 2016 |website=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/08/donald-trump-experience-president/93504134/}}</ref><ref name="voxexp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience |title=Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience |last=Crockett |first=Zachary |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 3, 2017}}</ref> Of the 43{{efn|[[Grover Cleveland]] was the [[List of Presidents of the United States|22nd and 24th president]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes |url=http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/ |website=[[NPR]] |date=November 10, 2016 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archivedate=February 7, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/}}</ref>}} previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<ref name="voxexp" />',
362 => '',
363 => '=== Protests ===',
364 => '',
365 => '{{Main|Protests against Donald Trump}}',
366 => '[[File:Women's March on Washington (32593123745).jpg|thumb|[[2017 Women's March|Women's March]] in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration]]',
367 => '',
368 => 'Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/ |title=Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally |last=Moyer |first=Justin Wm. |date=March 11, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Starrs |first2=Jenny |last3=Larimer |first3=Sarah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/ |title=Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Miller |first2=Michael E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/ |title=Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/ |title=Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect |last=Cummings |first=William |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11 |title=Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair' |last=Colson |first=Thomas |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref>',
369 => '',
370 => 'In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the [[2017 Women's March|Women Marches]], which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<ref name="USAToday01a">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ |title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations |last1=Przybyla |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Schouten |first2=Fredreka |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |edition=online}}</ref> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html |title=We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}</ref> Moreover, marches against his [[Executive Order 13769|travel ban]] began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/ |title=Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban |work=[[ThinkProgress]] |date=January 28, 2017 |first=Adrienne Mahsa |last=Varkiani |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}</ref>',
371 => '',
372 => '=== 2020 presidential campaign ===',
373 => '',
374 => '{{Main|Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign}}',
375 => '',
376 => 'Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632 |title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things' |last=Westwood |first=Sarah |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |date=January 22, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |title=Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day |publisher=[[KTVK]] |location=Phoenix, Arizona |first=Lee |last=Morehouse |date=January 31, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election# |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in [[Melbourne, Florida]], on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/ |title=Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday |last=Graham |first=David A. |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=February 15, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank |title=Trump's 2020 Re-Election Committee Has $22.1 Million in the Bank |last1=McCormick |first1=John |last2=Jacobs |first2=Jennifer |date=January 31, 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary |title=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. / Presidential – Principal campaign committee / Financial summary |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 31, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref> $23 million was spent in the fourth quarter of 2018, as Trump supported various Republican candidates for the [[2018 midterm elections]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00580100/1312481/ |title=FEC Form 3P – Report of receipts and disbursements – Filing FEC-1312481 |author=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=January 31, 2019 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref>',
377 => '',
378 => '== Presidency ==',
379 => '',
380 => '{{Main|Presidency of Donald Trump}}',
381 => '{{for timeline|Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency}}',
382 => '[[File:58th Presidential Inaugural Ceremony 170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg|thumb|right|Trump with [[Chuck Schumer]], [[Barack Obama]] and [[Joe Biden]] at his inauguration in 2017]]',
383 => '',
384 => '=== Early actions ===',
385 => '',
386 => '{{See also|Presidential transition of Donald Trump|First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency}}',
387 => '',
388 => '[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump was inaugurated]] as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed [[List of executive actions by Donald Trump#Executive orders|six executive orders]]: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (Obamacare), withdrawal from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] negotiations, reinstatement of the [[Mexico City Policy]], unlocking the [[Keystone XL]] and [[Dakota Access Pipeline]] construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a [[Trump wall|wall along the U.S. border with Mexico]].<ref name=exec-summary>{{cite news |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |title=All of Trump's executive actions so far |url=https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288 |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref>',
389 => '',
390 => 'Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html |title=Trump Sons Forge Ahead Without Father, Expanding and Navigating Conflicts |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author1link=Eric Lipton |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig |date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband [[Jared Kushner]]. She serves as an assistant to the President,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair |author=V.v.B |title=Ivanka Trump's new job |date=March 31, 2017 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> and he is a [[Senior Advisor to the President of the United States|Senior Advisor]] in the White House.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |first2=Eric |last2=Lipton |author2link=Eric Lipton |first3=Charlie |last3=Savage |author3link=Charlie Savage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html |title=Jared Kushner, Trump's Son-in-Law, Is Cleared to Serve as Adviser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref>',
391 => '',
392 => 'On January 31, [[Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination|Trump nominated]] U.S. Appeals Court judge [[Neil Gorsuch]] to fill the seat on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] previously held by Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] until his death on February 13, 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |title=Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court |last=Barnes |first=Robert |date=January 31, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref>',
393 => '',
394 => '=== Domestic policy ===',
395 => '==== Economy and trade ====',
396 => '',
397 => '{{Main|Economic policy of Donald Trump}}',
398 => '{{See also|Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tariffs}}',
399 => '',
400 => 'The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office. Throughout his presidency, he has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/ |title=President Trump's repeated claim: 'The greatest economy in the history of our country' |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 7, 2018 |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist)}}</ref>',
401 => '',
402 => 'In December 2017, Trump signed the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017]], which cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the [[Estate tax in the United States|estate tax]] exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html |title=What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Wilson |last1=Andrews |first2=Alicia |last2=Parlapiano |date=December 15, 2017 |accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>',
403 => '[[File:Donald Trump in Ypsilanti (33998674940) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017]]',
404 => '',
405 => 'Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized [[NAFTA]] during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schlesinger |first=Jacob M. |title=Trump Forged His Ideas on Trade in the 1980s – And Never Deviated |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508 |date=November 15, 2018 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=November 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538 |title=Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=June 28, 2016 |last2=Nelson |first2=Colleen McCain |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}} |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/ |title=Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster" |date=September 25, 2015 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> He withdrew the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP) negotiations,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html |title=Trump's TPP withdrawal: 5 things to know |last=Bradner |first=Eric |date=January 23, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<ref name=Inman>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs |title=The war over steel: Trump tips global trade into new turmoil |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 10, 2018 |accessdate=March 15, 2018 |last=Inman |first=Phillip}}</ref> and launched a [[China–United States trade war|trade war]] with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/ |title=Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=January 7, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC |title=Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes |date=June 16, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=David |last1=Lawder |first2=Ben |last2=Blanchard}}</ref> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the [[U.S. Treasury]].<ref name="Newburger-190512">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html |title=Kudlow acknowledges US will pay for China tariffs, contradicting Trump |website=[[CNBC]] |date=May 12, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Emma |last=Newburger}}</ref>',
406 => '',
407 => '==== Energy and climate ====',
408 => '',
409 => '{{Main|Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration}}',
410 => '',
411 => 'Trump rejects the [[scientific consensus on climate change]].<ref name="ParkerDavenport">{{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Parker |author1link=Ashley Parker |first2=Coral |last2=Davenport |title=Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules |date=May 26, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Samenow |authorlink=Jason Samenow |title=Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate |date=March 22, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate}}</ref> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment |date=February 12, 2018 |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=May 27, 2018 |first1=Michael |last1=Greshko |first2=Laura |last2=Parker |first3=Brian Clark |last3=Howard |first4=Daniel |last4=Stone |first5=Alejandra |last5=Borunda |first6=Sarah |last6=Gibbens}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement]], making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brandy |title=As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Trump attended the [[44th G7 summit]] held in Canada in 2018 and the [[45th G7 summit]] held in France in 2019, but he skipped the discussions related to the environment and climate. He held a press conference following the 2019 summit in which he said he is "an environmentalist" adding, "I think I know more about the environment than most people."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |title=Trump departs G7 ahead of climate change talks |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/09/politics/g7-trump-climate-change/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Teirstein |first1=Zoya |title=Donald 'I'm an environmentalist' Trump skips G7 climate meeting |url=https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/ |website=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |date=August 26, 2019 |accessdate=August 27, 2019}}</ref>',
412 => '',
413 => 'Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing [[greenhouse gas]] emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Albeck-Ripka |first2=Livia |last3=Pierre-Louis |first3=Kendra |title=85 Environmental Rules Being Rolled Back Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html |accessdate=December 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Timothy |title=Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6 |accessdate=December 15, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>',
414 => '',
415 => '==== Government size and deregulation ====',
416 => '',
417 => 'Trump's early policies have favored [[deregulation|rollback and dismantling of government regulations]]. He signed a [[Congressional Review Act]] disapproval resolution, the first in 16 years and second overall.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Adriance |first=Sam |title=President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years |date=February 16, 2017 |magazine=[[The National Law Review]] |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farand |first=Chloe |title=Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html |date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284 |work=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017 |date=March 5, 2017 |quote=More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target.}}</ref>',
418 => '',
419 => 'On January 30, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13771]], which directed administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html |date=January 30, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |author1link=White House Office of the Press Secretary |title=Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling |accessdate=May 16, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<ref name="mcalabresi">{{cite news |last=Calabresi |first=Massimo |title=Inside Donald Trump's War against the State |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 9, 2017 |url=https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/ |quote=Staffed by experts who oversee an open governmental process, they say, the federal bureaucracy exists to protect those who would otherwise be at the mercy of better-organized, better-funded interests.}}</ref>',
420 => '',
421 => '==== Health care ====',
422 => '',
423 => 'During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (ACA or "Obamacare").<ref name="Kodjak">{{cite news |last=Kodjak |first=Alison |authorlink=Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak |title=Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Walsh">{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Deirdre |last2=Lee |first2=MJ |title=Trump wants Obamacare repeal 'quickly', but Republicans aren't ready |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/paul-ryan-obamacare-repeal-and-replace/index.html |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to repeal it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal |title=House passes Obamacare repeal |last=Sullivan |first=Peter |date=May 4, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Over the course of several months' effort, however, the Senate was unable to pass any version of a repeal bill.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/27/politics/health-care-debate-thursday/index.html |title=GOP Obamacare repeal bill fails in dramatic late-night vote |date=July 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA [[Annual enrollment|enrollment period]] in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664 |title=Trump says he plans to 'let Obamacare fail' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=July 18, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751 |title=Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs |last=Young |first=Jeffrey |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225 |title=Trump administration slashes Obamacare outreach |last=Pradhan |first=Rachana |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|2017 tax bill]] effectively repealed the ACA's [[Individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Pear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html |title=Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Sullivan |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate |title=Senate GOP repeals ObamaCare mandate |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Health Affairs]] |date=December 20, 2017 |first=Timothy |last=Jost |title=The Tax Bill And The Individual Mandate: What Happened, And What Does It Mean? |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/ |doi=10.1377/hblog20171220.323429 |doi-broken-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>',
424 => '',
425 => '==== Social issues ====',
426 => '',
427 => '{{Main|Social policy of Donald Trump}}',
428 => '',
429 => 'Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[pro-life]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>',
430 => '',
431 => 'Trump supports a broad interpretation of the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] and says he is [[Gun politics in the United States|opposed]] to [[gun control]] in general,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705 |title=A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OWSAR">{{cite web |title=Second Amendment Rights |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |website=Donald J. Trump for President |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |archivedate=January 7, 2016 |quote=There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.}}</ref> although his views have shifted over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/ |title=The times Trump changed his positions on guns |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 20, 2016 |first=Gregory |last=Krieg}}</ref> Trump opposes [[Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction|legalizing recreational marijuana]] but supports legalizing [[medical cannabis|medical marijuana]].<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump on Marijuana |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana |website=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> He favors [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]],<ref name="Cop_killers">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/ |title=Trump: Death penalty for cop killers |date=December 11, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FullPageAd1989">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html |title=Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty |date=May 1, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> as well as the use of [[waterboarding]] and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |title=Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite news |title=Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>',
432 => '',
433 => '=== Immigration ===',
434 => '',
435 => '{{Main|Immigration policy of Donald Trump}}',
436 => '[[File:POTUS visits DHS (31741970743).jpg|thumb|Trump conferring with Vice President Mike Pence and former secretary of homeland security [[John F. Kelly]], January 25, 2017]]',
437 => '',
438 => 'Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build [[Mexico–United States barrier|a more substantial wall]] on the [[Mexico–United States border]] to keep out [[illegal immigrants]] and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269 |title=Who pays for Donald Trump's wall? |date=February 6, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> He pledged to massively deport [[Illegal immigrant population of the United States|illegal immigrants residing in the United States]],<ref name="CBC_August29_2015">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |accessdate=September 29, 2015 |date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> and criticized [[Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship]] for creating "[[anchor babies]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution |title=Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=August 19, 2015 |accessdate=November 22, 2015 |first=Inae |last=Oh}}</ref> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/ |title=Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty |publisher=[[KTRK-TV]] |location=Houston, Texas |date=September 1, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang [[MS-13]], though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/ |title=A USA TODAY analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 |last=Fritze |first=John |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref>',
439 => '',
440 => '==== Travel ban ====',
441 => '',
442 => '{{Main|Executive Order 13769|Executive Order 13780}}',
443 => '',
444 => 'Following the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]], Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban |date=December 13, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/}}</ref><ref name=Barro>{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Barro |title=How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask |date=December 15, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html |quote=Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jill |last1=Colvin |first2=Bill |last2=Barrow |title=Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce |date=December 14, 2015 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it |quote=He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.}}</ref> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<ref name=Scots>{{cite news |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 25, 2016 |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |title=Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html |quote=[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me'. Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |website=[[NPR]] |date=June 13, 2016 |first=Scott |last=Detrow |title=Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism' |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism |quote=I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html |title=Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work? |last=Park |first=Haeyoun |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}</ref>',
445 => '',
446 => 'On January 27, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13769]], which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately.<ref name="BBC.March.6.17">{{cite news |title=Trump signs new travel ban directive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153 |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=BBC News |date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grinberg |first1=Emanuella |last2=Park |first2=Madison |title=2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump |title=US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests |date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=July 19, 2017}}</ref> [[Sally Yates]], the acting [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html |title=Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban |first1=Evan |last1=Perez |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |author2link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017 |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump immediately dismissed her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on the Appointment of Dana Boente as Acting Attorney General |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general |website=The White House |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Mark |last2=Landler |author2link=Mark Landler |first3=Matt |last3=Apuzzo |author3link=Matt Apuzzo |first4=Eric |last4=Lichtblau}}</ref> [[Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780|Multiple legal challenges]] were filed against the order, and on February{{nbsp}}5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=February 4, 2017 |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Dan |last2=Frosch |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216}}</ref><ref name="LiptakStands">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2017 |first=Adam |last=Liptak |authorlink=Adam Liptak |title=Where Trump's Travel Ban Stands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html}}</ref> On March 6, Trump issued [[Executive Order 13780|a revised order]], which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for [[Permanent residence (United States)|permanent residents]], and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<ref name="Chakraborty3/6/17">{{cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Barnini |title=Trump Signs New Immigration Order, Narrows Scope of Travel Ban |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html |date=March 6, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC.March.6.17" /> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=March 15, 2017 |first1=Dan |last1=Levine |first2=Mica |last2=Rosenberg |title=Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N}}</ref> On June 26, 2017, the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a ''bona fide'' relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<ref name="TravelBanScotus1">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html |title=Trump says Supreme Court decision on travel ban a 'clear victory for our national security' |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Mark |last=Sherman |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 26, 2017 |accessdate=June 27, 2017}}</ref>',
447 => '',
448 => 'The temporary order was replaced by [[Presidential Proclamation 9645]] on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<ref name="Guardian.Oct.10.13">{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY |first=Lawrence |last=Hurley |date=December 4, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<ref name=Wagner>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html |title=Supreme Court upholds Trump's travel ban |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 26, 2018 |accessdate=June 26, 2018 |last1=Wagner |first1=Meg |last2=Ries |first2=Brian}}</ref>',
449 => '',
450 => '==== DACA ====',
451 => '',
452 => 'In September 2017, Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] announced that [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals|DACA]] would be repealed after six months.<ref name=nytimes-20170905>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/us/politics/trump-daca-dreamers-immigration.html |title=Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Davis |first2=Julie Hirschfeld |author2link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |date=September 5, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Trump argued that "top legal experts" believed DACA was unconstitutional, and called on Congress to use the six-month delay to pass legislation solving the "Dreamers" issue permanently.<ref name="Kopan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/05/politics/daca-trump-congress/index.html |title=Trump ends DACA, but gives Congress window to save it |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> No legislation had been agreed to on DACA by March 2018, when the delay expired.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tal |last=Kopan |authorlink=Tal Kopan |title=DACA's March 5 'deadline' marks only inaction |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/05/politics/daca-deadline-march-5-passing-immigration-courts/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 5, 2018}}</ref> Several states immediately challenged the DACA rescission in court.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |title=Blue states sue Trump over DACA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/06/politics/daca-trump-states-lawsuits/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=September 6, 2017 |accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Two injunctions in January and February 2018 allowed renewals of applications and stopped the rolling back of DACA, and in April 2018 a federal judge ordered the acceptance of new applications.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jordan |first=Miriam |title=U.S. Must Resume DACA and Accept New Applications, Federal Judge Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/us/daca-dreamers-trump.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] [[Andrew Hanen]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas]] ruled that DACA is likely unconstitutional, but left the program in place as litigation proceeds.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place |title=Texas Judge Says DACA Is Probably Illegal, But Leaves It In Place |website=[[NPR]] |first=Joel |last=Rose |date=August 31, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>',
453 => '',
454 => '==== Family separation at border ====',
455 => '',
456 => '{{Main|Trump administration family separation policy}}',
457 => '',
458 => 'In April 2018, Trump enacted a "[[Trump administration family separation policy|zero tolerance]]" immigration policy that temporarily took adults irregularly entering the U.S. into custody for criminal prosecution and forcibly separated children from parents, eliminating the policy of previous administrations, which had made exceptions for families with children.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation |title=Immigrant Children Who Are Forcibly Separated From Their Parents Face Long-Term Trauma |last=Vergano |first=Dan |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |date=June 15, 2018 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bachega |first=Hugo |title=Separation of migrant families: What other countries do |website=[[BBC Online]] |date=June 7, 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756}}</ref> By mid-June, more than 2,300 children had been placed in shelters, including [[Department of Health and Human Services]]-designated "tender age" shelters for children under thirteen,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Garance |last1=Burke |first2=Martha |last2=Mendoza |title=Toddlers Separated From Parents at the Border Are Being Detained in 'Tender Age' Shelters |accessdate=July 24, 2018 |url=http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/ |archivedate=June 20, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/}}</ref> culminating in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<ref name=Colvin>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |title=President Trump's Family Separation Policy Is Dividing Republicans |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 18, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Colvin |first=Jill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted that his administration was merely following the law.<ref name=Davis>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html |title=Separated at the Border From Their Parents: In Six Weeks, 1,995 Children |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Davis |first=Julie}}</ref><ref name=McArdle>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/ |title=White House Blames Democrats for Separation of Families at Border |website=[[National Review]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=McArdle |first=Mairead}}</ref><ref name=Sarlin>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701 |title=Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Sarlin |first=Benjy}}</ref>',
459 => 'On June 20, Trump signed an executive order to end family separations at the U.S. border.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html}}</ref> On June 26 a federal judge in San Diego issued a preliminary injunction requiring the Trump administration to stop detaining immigrant parents separately from their minor children, and to reunite family groups who had been separated at the border.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html |title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border |last=Jarrett |first=Laura |date=June 27, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref>',
460 => '',
461 => '==== 2018–2019 federal government shutdown ====',
462 => '',
463 => '{{Main|2018–19 United States federal government shutdown}}',
464 => '',
465 => 'On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a [[Trump border wall|U.S.–Mexico border wall]] to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |first2=Michael |last2=Tackett |author2link=Michael Tackett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html |title=Trump and Democrats Dig In After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wamsley |first=Laurel |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways |title=How Is The Shutdown Affecting America? Let Us Count The Ways |date=January 9, 2019 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump said he would not accept any bill that does not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation that Trump would not sign.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Damian |last1=Paletta |author1link=Damian Paletta |first2=Erica |last2=Werner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html |title=Trump falsely claims Mexico is paying for wall, demands taxpayer money for wall in meeting with Democrats |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<ref name=Nakamura-190109>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title='He's a gut politician': Trump's go-to negotiating tactics aren't working in shutdown standoff |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2019 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first1=David |last1=Nakamura |first2=Seung Min |last2=Kim}}</ref>',
466 => '',
467 => '=== Foreign policy ===',
468 => '',
469 => '{{Main|Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration}}',
470 => '[[File:G7 Taormina family photo 2017-05-26.jpg|thumb|Trump together with other leaders at the [[43rd G7 summit]] in Italy]]',
471 => '[[File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, Melania Trump, and Donald Trump, May 2017.jpg|thumb|Trump, King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]], and Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] at the [[2017 Riyadh summit]] in Saudi Arabia]]',
472 => '',
473 => 'Trump has been described as a [[Non-interventionism|non-interventionist]]<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rucker">{{cite news |first1=Philip |last1=Rucker |author1link=Philip Rucker |first2=Robert |last2=Costa |author2link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy |date=March 21, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/}}</ref> and as an [[American nationalist]].<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{cite news |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237 |title=Donald Trump, American Nationalist |newspaper=[[The National Interest]] |date=November 3, 2015 |first=Colin |last=Dueck}}</ref> In 2019, Trump gave a speech at the UN General Assembly calling for world leaders to look after their own interests.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 24, 2019 |title=Trump calls on nations to reject globalism, embrace nationalism |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-trump-globalism/trump-calls-on-nations-to-reject-globalism-embrace-nationalism-idUSKBN1W91XP}}</ref> He has repeatedly said he supports an "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |title=Donald Trump's speech: 'America first', but an America absent from the world |date=July 22, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/}}</ref> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<ref name="nationalinterest.org" /> but favors decreasing United States spending on [[NATO]] and in the Pacific region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump reveals his isolationist foreign-policy instincts |date=May 22, 2016 |website=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy}}</ref> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<ref name="rucker" />',
474 => '',
475 => 'His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of [[authoritarian]] [[Strongman (politics)|strongmen]] and criticism of [[Liberal democracy|democratically-led governments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381 |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last=Carothers |first=Thomas |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2019 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Trump has cited China's president [[Xi Jinping]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=March 4, 2018 |title=US President Donald Trump praises China's Xi Jinping for consolidating grip on power |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441}}</ref> Philippines president [[Rodrigo Duterte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/ |title=Donald Trump repeatedly praises Philippines' President Duterte during Asia trip |website=[[Global News]] |date=November 13, 2017 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Jill |last2=Colvin}}</ref> Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 21, 2017 |first=Rachael |last=Revesz |title=Donald Trump praises Egypt President al-Sisi and plans trip to Cairo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html}}</ref> Turkey's president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first1=Margaret |last1=Talev |first2=Jennifer |last2=Jacobs |title=Trump Praises Erdogan for 'High Marks' Amid Crackdown Concerns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns}}</ref> King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 6, 2017 |first=Angelica |last=LaVito |title=Trump praises Saudi king after crackdown |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html}}</ref> Italy's prime minister [[Giuseppe Conte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/ |title=Donal Trump elogia il premier italiano Giuseppe Conte: "È fantastico" – Video |date=June 15, 2018 |website=TPI News |first=Di Gianluigi |last=Spinaci |language=it}}</ref> Brazil's president [[Jair Bolsonaro]]<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Trump praises Brazil's new President Bolsonaro after he vowed to 'strengthen democracy' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html}}</ref> and Hungarian prime minister [[Viktor Orbán]] as examples of good leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/ |title=Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump |first=Krishnadev |last=Calamur |date=March 4, 2018 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant [[Law and Justice]] party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup |url=https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 24, 2017 |first=Vanessa |last=Gera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 20, 2017 |first=Lindsay |last=Maizland}}</ref>',
476 => '',
477 => '==== ISIS and war ====',
478 => '',
479 => '[[File:Letter from Donald Trump to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.jpg|thumb|Letter dated October 9 from Trump warning Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] about the [[2019 Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria]]]]',
480 => '',
481 => 'In April 2017, Trump ordered a [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strike]] against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]].<ref name="bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike">{{cite news |title=Syria war: Trump's missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605 |accessdate=April 8, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> According to investigative journalist [[Bob Woodward]], Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate [[President of Syria|Syrian president]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies he wanted Syria leader killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> In April 2018, he announced [[2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs|missile strikes]] against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near [[Damascus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime |first=Kathleen |last=Joyce |title=US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime |date=April 14, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=April 14, 2018}}</ref>',
482 => '',
483 => 'In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html |title=Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS' |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |author2link=Helene Cooper |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=December 19, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=December 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria conflict: Trump's withdrawal plan shocks allies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |title=Trump shocks allies and advisers with plan to pull US troops out of Syria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of [[Rojava|Kurd allies]] who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |authorlink=Helene Cooper |title=Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump's Worldview |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html |accessdate=December 21, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first=Karoun |last=Demirjian |authorlink=Karoun Demirjian |title=Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html}}</ref> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor [[John Bolton]] announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |author1link=David E. Sanger |first2=Noah |last2=Weiland |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |title=Bolton Puts Conditions on Syria Withdrawal, Suggesting a Delay of Months or Years |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html}}</ref>',
484 => '',
485 => 'Trump actively supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] against the [[Houthis]] and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="prince">{{cite news |title=Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince |url=https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Senate Votes Down Ending Trump's Support for Saudi-led War in Yemen |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Phelps-170520>{{cite news |title=Trump signs $110 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia on 'a tremendous day' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=May 20, 2017 |accessdate=July 6, 2018 |first1=Jordyn |last1=Phelps |first2=Ryan |last2=Struyk}}</ref> Trump also praised his relationship with [[Saudi Arabia]]'s powerful Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]].<ref name="prince"/>',
486 => '',
487 => 'U.S. troop numbers in [[Afghanistan]] increased from 8,500 to 14,000, {{as of|2017|1|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Greg |last2=Ryan |first2=Missy |author2link=Missy Ryan |title=Up to 1,000 more U.S. troops could be headed to Afghanistan this spring |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> reversing Trump's pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. |author1link=Michael R. Gordon |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |author2link=Eric P. Schmitt |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Settles on Afghan Strategy Expected to Raise Troop Levels |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rampton |first1=Roberta |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |title=Trump rejects peace talks with Taliban in departure from Afghan strategy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>',
488 => '',
489 => 'In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]], the White House acknowledged that Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|U.S. troops in northern Syria]] were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |title=In Major Policy Shift, U.S. Will Stand Aside As Turkish Forces Extend Reach In Syria |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref> In the following days, Trump suggested that the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested that they were only fighting for their own financial interests, suggested that some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html |title=Trump Lashes Out on Syria as Republicans Rebuke Him in House Vote |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref>',
490 => '',
491 => 'Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator [[Lindsey Graham]]. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]], and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052 |title=Republicans unload on Trump for Syria shift when he needs them most |last=Forgey |first=Quint |date=October 7, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 7, 2019}}</ref> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html |title=US troops start pullout in Syria as Turkey prepares operation |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> After the U.S. pullout, [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey Syria offensive: Tens of thousands flee homes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418 |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 10, 2019}}</ref> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, for, in the view of both parties, "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286 |title=House condemns Trump's Syria withdrawal |last=O'Brien |first=Connor |date=October 16, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html |title=In Bipartisan Rebuke, House Majority Condemns Trump for Syria Withdrawal |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>',
492 => '',
493 => '==== Iran ====',
494 => '',
495 => '{{see also|Iran–United States relations#2017–present: Trump administration | United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis}}',
496 => '',
497 => 'Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime," although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiler |first1=Yuram Abdullah |title=What is Basij and how does it function against U.S. and Zionism? |url=http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism |website=Khamenei.ir |accessdate=February 6, 2019 |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 27, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Kranish |authorlink=Michael Kranish |title=Trump says he is not seeking 'regime change' in Iran |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html}}</ref> He has repeatedly criticized the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<ref name="KatyTurIranInterview">{{cite news |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 14, 2015 |first=Katy |last=Tur |authorlink=Katy Tur |title=Donald Trump Weighs in on Iran Deal |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926}}</ref><ref name="AP180508"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Igor |last=Bobic |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e |title=Donald Trump Would Not Rip Up The Iran Deal |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref>',
498 => '',
499 => 'Following Iran's ballistic missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice |title=Trump administration 'officially putting Iran on notice', says Michael Flynn |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump administration tightens Iran sanctions, Tehran hits back |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 3, 2016 |last=Torbati |first=Yeganeh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions |title=Trump administration imposes new sanctions on Iran |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 3, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May [[2017 Brussels summit]]; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aleem |first=Zeeshan |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif |title=Iran says the US is violating the nuclear deal. It has a point |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 21, 2017 |accessdate=July 22, 2017}}</ref> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act]] (CAATSA) that grouped together [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]], Russia, and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0 |title=Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction' |website=[[Reuters]] |date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|the United States' unilateral departure]] from the JCPOA.<ref name="AP180508">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran |title=Trump declares US leaving 'horrible' Iran nuclear accord |last=Lederman |first=Josh |date=May 8, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref>',
500 => '',
501 => 'In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister [[Javad Zarif]] called "genocidal taunts".<ref name=Budryk-190519>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons |title=Trump: 'I will not let Iran have nuclear weapons' |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Zack |last=Budryk}}</ref><ref name=Chamberlain-190519>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states |title=Trump says war will mean 'official end of Iran', warns 'never threaten the United States again' |work=[[Fox News]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Samuel |last=Chamberlain}}</ref><ref name=Wintour-190520>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts |title=Iran hits back at Trump for tweeting 'genocidal taunts' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 20, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Patrick |last=Wintour}}</ref> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]] are allies in the [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|conflict with Iran]].<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Tells Saudi Arabia Oil Attacks Were Launched From Iran |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 17, 2019 |first1=Dion |last1=Nissenbaum |first2=Summer |last2=Said |first3=Jared |last3=Malsin}}</ref> Trump has approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] following the [[2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack|attack on Saudi oil facilities]] which the United States has blamed on Iran.<ref>{{cite news |title=US to deploy more troops to Saudi Arabia after attack on oil industry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack |work=The Guardian |date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> He has also ordered [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|a targeted U.S. airstrike]] in 2 January 2020, which killed Iranian [[Major general|Major General]] and [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Quds Force]] commander [[Qasem Soleimani]] and Iraqi [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] commander [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]], as well as eight other people.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html |title=U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani, Commander of Iranian Forces |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |last2=Hassan |first2=Falih |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=2020-01-02 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites if Iran retaliated; such an attack by the U.S. would violate international law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=David |title=Suleimani killing: Donald Trump defends threat to hit cultural sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran |accessdate=January 6, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2020}}</ref> On January 8, 2020, the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] launched [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|multiple ballistic missiles]] on two U.S. airbases in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran attack: Missiles fired at US forces in Iraq |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181 |website=[[BBC]] |accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref>',
502 => '',
503 => '==== Israel ====',
504 => '',
505 => '{{see also|Israel–United States relations#Trump administration (2017–present)}}',
506 => '[[File:President Trump visit to Israel May 22-23, 2017 DSC 3982F (34847749905).jpg|thumb|Trump and Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] at [[Yad Vashem]], May 2017]]',
507 => '',
508 => 'Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Allison |last=Kaplan Sommer |date=July 25, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> On May 22, 2017, he was the first U.S. president to visit the [[Western Wall]] in Jerusalem, during his first foreign trip.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 24, 2017 |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Jason |last2=Horowitz |title=With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change |accessdate=May 14, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/world/europe/pope-trump-vatican-meet.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rafferty |first=Andrew |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Trump Becomes First Sitting U.S. President to Visit Western Wall |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/trumps-first-foreign-trip/trump-becomes-first-sitting-u-s-president-visit-western-wall-n762891 |website=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Luke |last2=Holland |first2=Steve |date=May 23, 2017 |title=In U.S. presidential first, Trump prays at Jerusalem's Western Wall |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-wall-idUSKBN18I1V6 |work=[[Reuters]] |location=London, England |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Trump makes historic visit to Western Wall |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/trump-israel-western-wall/ |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=May 24, 2017}}</ref> Trump officially [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]] on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in Jerusalem in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973 |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |last2=Nussbaum |first2=Matthew |title=Trump says U.S. recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital, despite global condemnation |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Ynetnews]] |title=US Embassy opens in Jerusalem: 'When Trump makes a promise, he keeps it' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E |title=Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory – Turkey and Yemen: draft resolution – Status of Jerusalem |website=[[United Nations General Assembly]] |date=December 19, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html |title=Defying Trump, U.N. General Assembly Condemns U.S. Decree on Jerusalem |first=Rick |last=Gladstone |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel|recognizing]] [[Golan Heights Law|Israel's annexation]] of the [[Golan Heights]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The jungle is back.' With his Golan Heights tweet, Trump emboldens the annexation agendas of the world's strongmen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Mark |last=MacKinnon |authorlink=Mark MacKinnon}}</ref> a move condemned by the European Union and Arab League.<ref>{{cite news |title=Outcry as Trump backs Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights |website=[[Euronews]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Natalie |last=Huet |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>',
509 => '',
510 => '==== China ====',
511 => '',
512 => '{{See also|China–United States relations#Trump's presidency (2017–)|China–United States trade war}}',
513 => '',
514 => 'Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO |title=Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals' |date=August 7, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Nandita |last1=Bose |first2=Andrea |last2=Shalal}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump has [[China–United States trade war|launched a trade war against China]], sanctioned [[Huawei]] for its alleged ties to Iran,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/ |title=Huawei sanctions: Who gets hurt in dispute? |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Frank |last1=Bajak |first2=Michael |last2=Liedtke}}</ref> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/ |title=Trump's Next Trade War Target: Chinese Students in the U.S. |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/25/716032871/visas-are-the-newest-weapon-in-u-s-china-rivalry |title=Visas Are The Newest Weapon In U.S.-China Rivalry |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2019 |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> and classified China as a "[[currency manipulator]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/trade-war-china-responds-to-us-after-claim-of-being-a-currency-manipulator.html |title=China responds to US after Treasury designates Beijing a 'currency manipulator' |last=Meredith |first=Sam |date=August 6, 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a [[Second Cold War|new cold war]] between China and the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a3062586-a9ac-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |title=Getting acclimatised to the US-China cold war |website=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be |title=Is China-US cold war inevitable? Chinese analysts say it can't be ruled out |date=August 14, 2019 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html |title=A new cold war in Africa |last=Maru |first=Mehari Taddele |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>',
515 => '',
516 => '==== North Korea ====',
517 => '',
518 => '{{See also|North Korea–United States relations}}',
519 => '[[File:Kim and Trump shaking hands at the red carpet during the DPRK–USA Singapore Summit.jpg|thumb|Trump meets [[Kim Jong-un]] at [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|the Singapore summit]], June 2018.]]',
520 => '',
521 => 'In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<ref name="scarier">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 21, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/asia/north-korea-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-test/index.html |title=US slams North Korea missile test as Kim claims 'whole US mainland' in reach |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=July 30, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=David |title=North Korean ICBM Appears Able to Reach Major US Cities |url=https://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/new-north-korean-icbm |website=All Things Nuclear |publisher=[[Union of Concerned Scientists]] |accessdate=July 28, 2017 |date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> In August, Trump dramatically escalated his rhetoric against North Korea, warning that further provocations against the U.S. would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-escalates-rhetoric-on-threat-from-north-korea/2017/08/10/ff49e018-7ded-11e7-83c7-5bd5460f0d7e_story.html |title=Trump reiterates warning to N. Korea: 'Fire and fury' may not have been 'tough enough' |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=DeYoung |first2=Karen |author2link=Karen DeYoung |date=August 10, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 21, 2018}}</ref> In response, North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]] threatened to direct a missile test toward [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-08-10/north-korea-details-plan-to-fire-missile-salvo-toward-guam |title=Trump doubles down on 'fire and fury' vow as wargames near |last1=Talmadge |first1=Eric |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |date=August 11, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=September 30, 2017}}</ref>',
522 => '',
523 => 'On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim held [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|a summit]] in Singapore,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Kim summit: Kim Jong Un gave unwavering commitment to denuclearisation, says Trump |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump |website=[[The Straits Times]] |accessdate=June 13, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018 |first1=Jeremy Au |last1=Yong |first2=Tan Dawn |last2=Wei}}</ref> resulting in North Korea affirming its promise to work toward complete denuclearization.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement of President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong Un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the Singapore Summit |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-united-states-america-chairman-kim-jong-un-democratic-peoples-republic-korea-singapore-summit/ |website=The White House |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rosenfeld">{{cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Everett |title=Document signed by Trump and Kim includes four main elements related to 'peace regime' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> A [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|second summit]] took place in February 2019, in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name="partial_relief">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Denyer |first2=Simon |last3=Nakamura |first3=David |author3link=David Nakamura |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> It ended abruptly without an agreement, both sides blaming each other and offering differing accounts of the negotiations.<ref name="partial_relief"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Wong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-kim-vietnam-summit.html |title=Trump's Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/trump-kim-hanoi-summit-takeaways/index.html |title=Takeaways from the Trump-Kim Hanoi summit |website=[[CNN]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President [[Moon Jae-in]] held [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|brief talks]] in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. They agreed to resume negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/trump-confirms-meet-kim-dmz-190630050353219.html |title=Trump meets North Korea's Kim at DMZ in landmark visit |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=June 30, 2019 |access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Talks in Stockholm began on October 5, 2019, between U.S. and North Korean negotiating teams, but broke down after one day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |first1=Jari |last1=Tanner |first2=Matthew |last2=Lee |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 5, 2019}}</ref>',
524 => '',
525 => '==== Russia ====',
526 => '',
527 => '{{See also|Russia–United States relations}}',
528 => '[[File:Vladimir Putin & Donald Trump in Helsinki, 16 July 2018 (3).jpg|thumb|Putin and Trump at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki summit]], July 2018]]',
529 => '',
530 => 'During his campaign and as president, Trump repeatedly said he wants better relations with Russia,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/ |title=Donald Trump urges 'good relationship' with Russia in tweets |last=Flores |first=Reena |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/ |title=GOP warns Trump not to lift Russia sanctions after call with Putin |last=Berry |first=Lynn |date=January 29, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> and he has praised Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] as a strong leader.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/ |title=Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says |last1=Viebeck |first1=Elise |last2=Markon |first2=Jerry |last3=DeYoung |first3=Karen |author3link=Karen DeYoung |date=November 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/trump-putin-bromance |title=Trump and Putin's Bromance Could Change the World |last=Conrad |first=Peter |date=January 13, 2017 |work=[[GQ]] |accessdate=May 29, 2017}}</ref> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its [[Military intervention against ISIL|fight against ISIS]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/ |title=Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea |date=August 1, 2016 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the [[Russia–United States relations|U.S.–Russian relations]], which were already at the lowest level since the end of the [[Cold War]], have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=US-Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=January 19, 2018 |first=Oliver |last=Carroll}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vladimir Putin says US-Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=April 12, 2017 |first=Samuel |last=Osborne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=March 30, 2018 |first=Alexander |last=Smith}}</ref>',
531 => '',
532 => 'After Trump met Putin at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki Summit]] on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of [[Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election]], rather than accepting the findings of the [[United States intelligence community]].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last=Zurcher |first=Anthony |title=Trump-Putin summit: After Helsinki, the fallout at home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012 |accessdate=July 18, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/ |title=Trump Sides With the Kremlin, Against the U.S. Government |last=Calamur |first=Krishnadev |date=July 16, 2018 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="break">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html |title=Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments |last=Fox |first=Lauren |date=July 16, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref>',
533 => '',
534 => 'Trump has made both pro- and anti-Russia statements regarding Crimea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> Syria,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |work=Politico |date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> Ukraine,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump criticizes Russia, calls for defense of Western civilization |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 6, 2017 |first1=Roberta |last1=Rampton |first2=Pawel |last2=Sobczak}}</ref> North Korea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Venezuela,<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at 'boorish' Trump |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503 |publisher=BBC News |date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> election meddling,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump vows to 'counteract' any Russia election meddling |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html |publisher=Daily Nation |date=March 7, 2018}}</ref> and Skripal poisoning.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expelling 60 Russian diplomats in wake of UK nerve agent attack |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> Trump also said U.S. oil companies cannot resume oil drilling in Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies Exxon permission to drill for oil in Russia |last2=Egan |first2=Matt |last1=Borak |first1=Donna |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>',
535 => '',
536 => '==== Cuba ====',
537 => '',
538 => '{{See also|Cuba–United States relations}}',
539 => '',
540 => 'In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with [[Cuba]] and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's [[Cuban thaw|loosening of restrictions]]. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeYoung |first=Karen |author1link=Karen DeYoung |title=White House implements new Cuba policy restricting travel and trade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 8, 2017}}</ref>',
541 => '',
542 => '==== Venezuela ====',
543 => '',
544 => '{{See also|United States–Venezuela relations}}',
545 => '[[File:President Trump Delivers Remarks to the Venezuelan American Community (47145953601).jpg|thumb|On February 18, 2019 Trump gave a speech about the crisis in Venezuela.]]',
546 => '',
547 => 'On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump won't 'rule out a military option' in Venezuela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2017 |first1=Jenna |last1=Johnson |first2=John |last2=Wagner}}</ref> In September 2018, Trump called "for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 25, 2018 |first1=Lesley |last1=Wroughton |first2=Brian |last2=Ellsworth}}</ref> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis|breaking ties]] with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing [[Juan Guaidó]], the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela's President breaks diplomatic relations with US over Donald Trump's support of Opposition Leader |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |agency=[[Reuters]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>',
548 => '',
549 => '==== NATO ====',
550 => '',
551 => '[[File:President Donald Trump and Secretary General Jens Stolenberg Joint Press Conference, April 12, 2017 (01).jpg|thumb|Trump and NATO Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]], April 2017]]',
552 => '',
553 => 'As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend [[North Atlantic Treaty|security guarantees to NATO members]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html |title=Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack |date=July 20, 2016 |last=Sanger |first=David E. |authorlink=David E. Sanger |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/ |title=What's Trump's Position on NATO? |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655 |title=Trump supports NATO, but Senate holds up expansion |date=March 1, 2017 |agency=[[Reuters]] |work=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> However, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html |accessdate=July 12, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>',
554 => '',
555 => 'In January 2019, ''The New York Times'' quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author2link=Helene Cooper |date=January 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846 |title=Trump: We will be with NATO '100 percent' |last=Morin |first=Rebecca |date=January 17, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref>',
556 => '',
557 => '=== Personnel ===',
558 => '',
559 => '{{Main|Political appointments by Donald Trump|Cabinet of Donald Trump}}',
560 => '{{See also|Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet}}',
561 => '[[File:Donald Trump Cabinet meeting 2017-03-13 04.jpg|thumb|Cabinet meeting, March 2017]]',
562 => '',
563 => 'The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years |title=Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years |last=Trimble |first=Megan |date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2018|7|pre=early}}, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<ref name="Wise -180702">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover |title=AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Wise |first=Justin}}</ref> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396 |title=Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Both figures set a record for recent presidents{{snd}}more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<ref name="Keith">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left |title=White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left |last=Keith |first=Tamara |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor [[Mike Flynn]] (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff [[Reince Priebus]], replaced by retired Marine general [[John F. Kelly]] on July 28, 2017,<ref name=Baker>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html |title=Reince Priebus Pushed Out After Rocky Tenure as Trump Chief of Staff |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> and Press Secretary [[Sean Spicer]].<ref name="Keith" /> Close personal aides to Trump such as [[Steve Bannon]], [[Hope Hicks]], [[John McEntee (political aide)|John McEntee]] and [[Keith Schiller]], have quit or been forced out.<ref name=Brookings />',
564 => '',
565 => 'Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama Jeff Sessions as [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html |title=Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Lichtblau |date=2016-11-18 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> financier [[Steve Mnuchin]] as [[Secretary of the Treasury]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686 |title=Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary |date=November 30, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> retired Marine Corps general [[James Mattis]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html |title=Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> and [[ExxonMobil]] CEO [[Rex Tillerson]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html |title=Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State |date=December 12, 2016 |accessdate=December 26, 2016}}</ref> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon [[Ben Carson]] as [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |title=Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD |date=December 5, 2016 |accessdate=December 5, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html}}</ref> and South Carolina governor [[Nikki Haley]] as [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|Ambassador to the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sc-gov-nikki-haley-tapped-to-be-trumps-un-ambassador/2016/11/23/c1395cb6-b144-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador |date=November 23, 2016 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Costa |authorlink=Robert Costa (journalist)}}</ref>',
566 => '',
567 => 'Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary [[Tom Price (American politician)|Tom Price]] was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] with [[Mike Pompeo]] in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |title=The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet |last=Jones-Rooy |first=Andrea |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Brookings>{{cite news |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/ |title=Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration |date=March 16, 2018 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<ref name=Hersher-180705>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa |title=Scott Pruitt Out At EPA |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |first1=Rebecca |last1=Hersher |first2=Brett |last2=Neelyin}}</ref> while Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html |title=Ryan Zinke resigns as interior secretary amid multiple investigations |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref>',
568 => '',
569 => 'Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying that many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des |title=Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design |last=Keith |first=Tamara |date=October 12, 2017 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/ |archivedate=January 9, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/}}</ref>',
570 => '',
571 => '=== Dismissal of James Comey ===',
572 => '',
573 => '{{Main|Dismissal of James Comey}}',
574 => '',
575 => 'On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG [[Rod Rosenstein]],<ref name=Apuzzo>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |author2link=Matt Apuzzo |title=F.B.I. Director James Comey Is Fired by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html |accessdate=May 10, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about [[Hillary Clinton email controversy#October 2016 – Additional investigation|Hillary Clinton's emails]].<ref name=Guardian-20170509>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/09/james-comey-fbi-fired-donald-trump |title=Donald Trump fires FBI director Comey over handling of Clinton investigation |last=Smith |first=David |date=May 9, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<ref name=Barrett-20170511>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Rucker |first2=Philip |author2link=Philip Rucker |title=Trump said he was thinking of Russia controversy when he decided to fire Comey |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-fbi-director-comey-told-him-three-times-he-wasnt-under-investigation-once-in-a-phone-call-initiated-by-the-president/2017/05/11/2b384c9a-3669-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2017 |accessdate=May 12, 2017}}</ref> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<ref name=theweek-20170511>{{cite news |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing |title=President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing |date=May 11, 2017 |work=[[The Week]] |first=Becca |last=Stanek |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref>',
576 => '',
577 => 'According to a [[Comey memo]] of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor [[Michael Flynn]].<ref name="Wilber">{{cite news |last1=Wilber |first1=Del Quentin |author1link=Del Quentin Wilber |last2=Viswanatha |first2=Aruna |title=Trump Asked Comey to Drop Flynn Investigation, According to Memo Written by Former FBI Director |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-asked-comey-to-drop-flynn-investigation-according-to-memo-written-by-former-fbi-director-1494974774 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}}|date=May 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref>',
578 => 'In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<ref name="comeytestimony">{{cite web |last=Comey |first=James |title=Statement for the Record Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf |website=United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |publisher=United States Government |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |page=7 |date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<ref name="schmidt">{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |author2link=Adam Goldman |title=Comey to Testify Trump Pressured Him to Say He Wasn't Under Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 7, 2017}}</ref> He also asked intelligence chiefs [[Dan Coats]] and [[Michael S. Rogers|Michael Rogers]] to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<ref name=Sciutto>{{cite news |last1=Sciutto |first1=Jim |last2=Watkins |first2=Eli |title=Trump asked DNI, NSA to deny evidence of Russia collusion |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/donald-trump-intelligence-community/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<ref name=Dilanian>{{cite news |last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Windrem |first2=Robert |title=Trump Asked Top Intel Officials to Push Back Publicly on Russia Probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=May 22, 2017}}</ref> Comey eventually testified on June{{nbsp}}8 that while he was director, the FBI investigations did not target Trump himself.<ref name="comeytestimony" /><ref name=nyt-20110608>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html |title='I Was Right': As Trump Watches Comey on TV, Anxiety Yields to Relief |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |author1link=Glenn Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=June 8, 2017 |accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>',
579 => '',
580 => '== Public profile ==',
581 => '=== Approval ratings ===',
582 => '',
583 => '{{Further|Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration}}',
584 => '',
585 => 'Presidential [[Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration|approval polls]] taken during the first ten months of Trump's term have shown him to be the least popular U.S. president in the history of modern opinion polls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.langerresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/1193a3TrumpYearLater.pdf |title=ABC News/Washington Post Poll: A year after his surprise election, 65 percent say Trump's achieved little |first=Gary |last=Langer |date=November 5, 2017 |publisher=Langer Research Associates |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/220742/trump-job-approval-slipped-third-quarter.aspx |title=Trump Job Approval Slips to 36.9% in His Third Quarter |first=Jeffrey M. |last=Jones |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |date=October 20, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/poll-trumps-performance-lags-behind-even-tepid-public-expectations/2017/11/04/35d2a912-bf4d-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html |title=Poll: Trump's performance lags behind even tepid public expectations |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 5, 2017 |last1=Balz |first1=Dan |author1link=Dan Balz |last2=Clement |first2=Scott}}</ref> A [[Pew Research Center]] global poll conducted in July 2017, found "a median of just 22 percent has confidence in Trump to do the right thing when it comes to international affairs". This compares to a median of 64 percent rate of confidence for his predecessor [[Barack Obama]]. Trump received a higher rating in only two countries: Russia and Israel.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Image Suffers as Publics Around World Question Trump's Leadership |url=https://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/26/u-s-image-suffers-as-publics-around-world-question-trumps-leadership/ |date=June 26, 2017 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |first1=Richard |last1=Wike |first2=Bruce |last2=Stokes |first3=Jacob |last3=Poushter |first4=Janell |last4=Fetterolf |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> An August 2017 ''[[Politico]]''/[[Morning Consult]] poll found on some measures "that majorities of voters have low opinions of his character and competence".<ref>{{cite news |title=Poll: Trump hits new low after Charlottesville |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/23/trump-charlottesville-polls-241917 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=August 23, 2017}}</ref> By December 2018, Trump's approval ratings, averaged over many polls, stood at roughly 42%, two points below Obama's at the same time in his presidency, and one point above [[Ronald Reagan]]'s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/trump-approval-ratings/ |title=How popular is Donald Trump? – How Trump compares with past presidents |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump's two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785 |title=Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II |first=Jessica |last=Kwong |date=January 16, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=January 25, 2019}}</ref>',
586 => '',
587 => 'Trump is the only elected president who did not place first on Gallup's poll of Americans' most admired men in his first year in office, coming in second behind Obama.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ |title=Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year |last=Bach |first=Natasha |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="gallup1678">{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx |title=Most Admired Man and Woman |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref> The Gallup poll near the end of Trump's second year in office named him the second most admired man in America{{snd}}behind Obama{{snd}}for the fourth consecutive year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/barack-and-michelle-obama-most-admired-men-women-gallup-2018-12 |title=Barack and Michelle Obama top Gallup's list of most-admired men and women in the world, trouncing the Trumps |first=Jacob |last=Shamsian |website=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=January 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="gallup1678"/>',
588 => '',
589 => '=== False statements ===',
590 => '',
591 => '{{Main|Veracity of statements by Donald Trump}}',
592 => '',
593 => 'As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<ref name="Qiu">{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |date=April 29, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html}}</ref><ref name="KesslerLee">{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Lee |title=President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |date=May 1, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}</ref> The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<ref name=unprecedenteduntruths>',
594 => '* {{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475 |quote=It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.}}',
595 => '* {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2017 |first=Sheryl Gay |last=Stolberg |authorlink=Sheryl Gay Stolberg |title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication. |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html |quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer [[Hannah Arendt]] once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}',
596 => '* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ |title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2018 |accessdate=February 20, 2019 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |quote='When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian [[Michael R. Beschloss]] said of Trump in 2018.}}',
597 => '* {{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 6, 2017 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |title=There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself' |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html |quote=White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations{{snd}}on matters large and wincingly small{{snd}}place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's [[George C. Edwards III|George Edwards]] put it.}}',
598 => '* {{cite news |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=December 22, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |quote='We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said [[Douglas Brinkley]], the prominent Rice University presidential historian.}}',
599 => '* {{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2018 |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |title=President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html |quote=We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.}}',
600 => '* {{cite web |website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] |date=2017 |first=Heidi Taksdal |last=Skjeseth |title=All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf |quote=Trump is not the first president to be at odds with the press, but the amount of lies he delivers and his aggressive attacks on and constant undermining of the legitimacy of the media, is unprecedented.}}',
601 => '* {{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=Donnel |title=Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference |journal=Psychoanalytic Dialogues |date=May 9, 2019 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996 |quote=Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has [[poisoned the well]] [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.}}',
602 => '* {{cite news |last1=Grosz |first1=Stephen |title=The real reason Donald Trump lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e |website=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=January 9, 2019 |quote=We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era}}</ref><ref name=Glasser-180803>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first=Susan |last=Glasser |authorlink=Susan Glasser}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova>{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |authorlink=Maria Konnikova |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |website=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> This trait of his was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Finnegan |first1=Michael |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |website=[[Factcheck.org]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<ref name=Glasser-180803/>',
603 => '',
604 => 'Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="Qiu"/> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |author2link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref> By the ''Post'''s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<ref name=Kessler-190429>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/ |title=President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=April 29, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly}}</ref> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days |date=November 2, 2018 |accessdate=November 2, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 13, 2018 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}</ref> The ''Post''{{'}}s reported tally is 15,413 as of December 10, 2019, with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 16, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 15,413 false or misleading claims over 1,055 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/16/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref>',
605 => '',
606 => '=== Racial views ===',
607 => '',
608 => '{{Main|Racial views of Donald Trump}}',
609 => '',
610 => 'Trump has made numerous comments and taken certain actions that have been characterized as racially charged or racist both within the U.S. and abroad.<ref>Multiple sources:',
611 => '* {{cite news |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last1=Lopez |first1=German |title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history |accessdate=June 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}',
612 => '* {{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race |title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race |date=January 12, 2018 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}',
613 => '* {{cite news |title=A history of Donald Trump's racially charged statements |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements |accessdate=October 3, 2019 |work=[[SBS News]] |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |date=July 16, 2019}}',
614 => '* {{cite news |last=Dawsey |first=Josh |authorlink=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}',
615 => '* {{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}',
616 => '* {{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Ed |last2=Mfula |first2=Chris |title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 12, 2018 |quote=African politicians and diplomats labeled U.S. President Donald Trump a racist on Friday}}</ref> Trump has repeatedly denied he is a racist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's own words revive debate over whether he's racist |url=https://www.apnews.com/bce2dc7a054e4541bc77e2971c1bde4e/Trump%2527s-own-words-revive-debate-over-whether-he%2527s-racist |website=[[AP News]] |first=Julie |last=Pace |date=January 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump denies being a racist after 'shithole' row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42685356 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=January 15, 2018 |accessdate=January 15, 2018}}</ref> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his general rejection of [[political correctness]], while others accept it simply because they share such beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/ |title=Poll: Majority of Trump Voters Say His Political Correctness Is 'About Right' |last=Nichols |first=Laura |date=June 29, 2017 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Morning Consult]]}}</ref><ref name="nation-20170508">{{cite news |title=Economic Anxiety Didn't Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=May 8, 2017 |first1=Sean |last1=McElwee |first2=Jason |last2=McDaniel}}</ref>',
617 => '',
618 => 'Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<ref name="nation-20170508" /><ref name="vox-20171215">{{cite news |title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study |accessdate=January 14, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=December 15, 2017 |first=German |last=Lopez}}</ref> In a June 2018 [[Quinnipiac University]] poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<ref name="Marcin">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434 |title=44 Percent Of White Americans Think Donald Trump Is Racist, New Poll Finds |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<ref name="Quinnipiac-180703">{{cite web |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554 |title=Harsh Words For U.S. Family Separation Policy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Have Dim View Of Trump, Dems On Immigration |website=[[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] |date=July 3, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref> Trump has asserted "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him |title=As Trump denies racism, most Americans don't believe him |date=August 1, 2019 |website=[[MSNBC]] |first=Steve |last=Benen}}</ref>',
619 => '',
620 => 'In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<ref name="Mahler">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html |title='No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 27, 2016 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |last1=Mahler |first1=Jonathan |last2=Eder |first2=Steve}}</ref> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [[Central Park jogger case]], even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ransom |first1=Jan |title=Trump Will Not Apologize for Calling for Death Penalty Over Central Park Five |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html |accessdate=June 29, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>',
621 => '',
622 => 'Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|"birther" conspiracy theories]] alleging that [[Barack Obama]], the first black U.S. president, was born in Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leave the US, Trump tells liberal congresswomen of color |url=https://www.apnews.com/728ada1e918a482c9e9b1f3e24937caa |accessdate=July 14, 2019 |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Calvin |last2=Woodward}}</ref> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pushing the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later said his stance had made him "very popular".<ref name="Madison27April">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |last=Madison |first=Lucy |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |website=[[ABC News]] |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S.<ref name="nyt-drops">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref>',
623 => '',
624 => 'According to an analysis in ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author1link=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=March 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737}}</ref> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for saying Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie|last=Reilly|title=Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico |url=https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five Insults Donald Trump Has Fired At Mexicans In The Presidential Race |url=https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding [[Trump University]] were also criticized as racist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html |title=Paul Ryan Calls Donald Trump's Attack on Judge 'Racist', but Still Backs Him |date=June 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Jennifer |last1=Steinhauer |author1link=Jennifer Steinhauer |first2=Jonathan |last2=Martin |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |first3=David M. |last3=Herszenhorn |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>',
625 => '[[File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm|thumb|start=07:19|Trump makes a statement (begins at 7:20 into the video) on the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville]]',
626 => '',
627 => 'Trump's comments in reaction to the [[Unite the Right rally|2017 Charlottesville far-right rally]] were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between [[white supremacist]] marchers and counter-protesters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html |title=Trump: 'Both sides' to blame for Charlottesville |last=Merica |first=Dan |date=August 26, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>',
628 => '',
629 => 'In a January 2018 [[Oval Office]] meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<ref name="zack">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism |title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=January 11, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark |title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark |date=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Patrick |last1=Wintour |author1link=Patrick Wintour |first2=Jason |last2=Burke |author2link=Jason Burke |first3=Anna |last3=Livsey |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>',
630 => '',
631 => 'In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress{{snd}}all of whom are women of color and three of whom are native-born Americans{{snd}}should "go back" to the countries they [[Go back where you came from|came from]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Katie |last1=Rogers |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump Tells Congresswomen to 'Go Back' to the Countries They Came From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html}}</ref> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci |title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=July 17, 2019}}</ref> [[White nationalist]] publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html |title=Trump said 'many people agree' with his racist tweets. These white supremacists certainly do. |last1=Simon |first1=Mallory |last2=Sidner |first2=Sara |author2link=Sara Sidner |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 20, 2019}}</ref>',
632 => '',
633 => '=== Allegations of sexual misconduct ===',
634 => '',
635 => '{{Main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape}}',
636 => '',
637 => 'Twenty-two women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct {{as of|2019|06|lc=y}}. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=McGann |first2=Laura |title=E. Jean Carroll joins at least 21 other women in publicly accusing Trump of sexual assault or misconduct |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/12/media/new-york-times-donald-trump-lawsuit-threat/ |title=Donald Trump threatens to sue New York Times over sexual harassment report |last=Byers |first=Dylan |authorlink=Dylan Byers |date=October 12, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN Money]]}}</ref><ref name="Fox Trump demands retraction">{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/10/13/trump-demands-nyt-retracts-libelous-article-about-alleged-assault-as-new-claims-emerge.html |title=Trump demands NYT retracts 'libelous article' about alleged assault as new claims emerge |date=October 13, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears' |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=October 13, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref>',
638 => '',
639 => 'In October 2016, two days before the [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]], a 2005 recording surfaced in which Trump was recorded bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-surrogates-have-their-own-baggage-women-voters-n673056 |title=Donald Trump Surrogates Have Their Own Baggage With Women Voters |last=Sakuma |first=Amanda |date=October 26, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]] |quote=...{{nbsp}}newly unearthed audio recordings showed Trump bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/10/14/more-women-accuse-donald-trump-aggressive-sexual-behavior/Dq1F8bLwre4dOAgEeFazxN/story.html |title=More women accuse Trump of aggressive sexual behavior |last=Jan |first=Tracy |date=October 14, 2016 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |quote=Trump has been confronted with a slew of allegations of sexual misconduct over the past week, starting with a ''Washington Post'' report of a 2005 tape featuring him bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/09/us-election-donald-trump-calls-republican-leaders-traitors-and-h/ |title=US presidential debate recap: Polls split on whether Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton won poisonous argument |date=October 13, 2016 |last1=Lawler |first1=David |last2=Henderson |first2=Barney |last3=Allen |first3=Nick |last4=Sherlock |first4=Ruth |quote=... it was a matter of minutes before the lewd tape, in which Mr. Trump brags about 'grabbing p----' and forcibly kissing women, was brought up. |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> The [[Microphone gaffe|hot mic]] recording was captured on a studio bus in which Trump and [[Billy Bush]] were preparing to film an episode of ''[[Access Hollywood]]''. In the tape, Trump said: "I just start kissing them ... I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the pussy."<ref name=NBC080716>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 10, 2018}}</ref> During the recording, Trump also spoke of his efforts to seduce a married woman, saying he "moved on her very heavily".<ref name=NBC080716 />',
640 => '',
641 => 'Trump's language on the tape has been described as vulgar, sexist, and descriptive of [[sexual assault]]. The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author1link=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author3link=Jonathan Martin (journalist)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html |title=Donald Trump's vulgar conversation about women caught on hot mic |last=Jensen |first=Salvatore |date=October 8, 2016 |work=Cosumnes Connection |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009190958/https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html |archivedate=October 9, 2016}}</ref> and caused outrage across the political spectrum,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach |title=Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach' |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fox59.com/2016/10/08/pence-to-fill-in-for-donald-trump-saturday-following-video-leak/ |title=Pence to fill in for Donald Trump Saturday following video leak |last=Stacey |first=Madison |date=October 8, 2016 |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |publisher=[[WXIN-TV]] |location=Indianapolis, Indiana}}</ref> resulting in a group of GOP senators and representatives withdrawing their support for his candidacy, some requesting that he step aside.<ref name="The New York Times 2016">{{cite news |title=Lewd Donald Trump Tape Is a Breaking Point for Many in the G.O.P. |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 9, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html |access-date=June 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/ |title=Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=October 8, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref> In addition to the two women who had previously alleged sexual misconduct against Trump, fifteen more came forward in 2016, during the aftermath of the tape's release with new accusations of sexual misconduct, including unwanted kissing and groping.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-growing-list-of-women-who-have-stepped-forward-to-accuse-trump-of-touching-them-inappropriately/2016/10/15/a65ddf1c-92df-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html |title=The growing list of women who have stepped forward to accuse Trump of touching them inappropriately |last=Helderman |first=Rosalind S. |authorlink=Rosalind Helderman |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate= |date=October 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-153559631.html |title=The women who have accused Donald Trump |last=Stableford |first=Dylan |date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |accessdate=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Vox">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/10/13/13269448/trump-sexual-assault-allegations |title=A brief guide to the 17 women Trump has allegedly assaulted, groped or harassed |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=Frostenson |first2=Sarah |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 21, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> Trump publicly apologized for his inappropriate boasting on the tape but also defended it as "locker room talk",<ref name="The New York Times 2017">{{cite news |title='Access Hollywood' Reminds Trump: 'The Tape Is Very Real' |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 28, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/us/politics/donald-trump-tape.html |access-date=June 24, 2019 |first=Daniel |last=Victor}}</ref> and instead deflected his actions by asserting allegations of inappropriate behavior by Bill and Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-defends-lewd-2005-conversation-about-women-as-locker-room-banter/ |title="I never said I'm a perfect person," Trump says about lewd comments |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=December 11, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>',
642 => '',
643 => '=== Allegations of inciting violence ===',
644 => '',
645 => 'Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |title=Analysis | Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Ayal |last1=Feinberg |first2=Regina |last2=Branton |first3=Valerie |last3=Martinez-Ebers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |last1=Rushin |first1=Stephen |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffin Sims |date=January 14, 2018 |title=The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes |ssrn=3102652}}</ref> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/ |title=Donald Trump Tells Crowd To "Knock the Crap Out Of" Hecklers |last=White |first=Daniel |date=February 1, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana |title=Trump Thinks It's Totally Cool That A Congressman Assaulted A Journalist For Asking A Question |last=Koerner |first=Claudia |date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo |title=Trump's "Rhetoric" Inspired This Man To Assault A 13-Year-Old For Wearing A Hat During The Anthem, His Lawyer Said |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 36 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |date=August 14, 2019 |first=Mike |last=Levine |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref>',
646 => '',
647 => '=== Relationship with the press ===',
648 => '',
649 => '{{Further|Presidency of Donald Trump#Relationship with the media}}',
650 => '[[File:President Trump's First 100 Days- 45 (33573172373).jpg|thumb|Trump talking to the press, March 2017]]',
651 => '',
652 => 'Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<ref name=Parnes>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with the press |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Parnes |first=Amy}}</ref><ref name=Ingram-160301>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/ |title=Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Ingram |first=Mathew}}</ref><ref name=AN-170124>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies |website=[[Arab News]] |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |first=Ben |last=Flanagan}}</ref> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<ref name=Dantonio-160710>{{cite interview |title=Who is Donald Trump? |date=July 10, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html}}</ref> Fox News anchor [[Bret Baier]] and former House speaker [[Paul Ryan]] have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/ |title=Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself |date=July 24, 2018 |first=Josh |last=Feldman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html |title=This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends |first=Mark |last=Leibovich |authorlink=Mark Leibovich |date=August 7, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>',
653 => '',
654 => 'Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<ref name=Walsh-160724 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bondarenko |first=Veronika |title=Trump keeps saying 'enemy of the people' – but the phrase has a very ugly history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-president-trumps-phrase-an-enemy-of-the-people-2017-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614/> ''New York Times'' writer [[Amy Chozick]] wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance. To answer the question of why the U.S. public could not stop being enthralled by his actions, she wrote "Even in the so-called golden age of TV, Mr. Trump hasn't just dominated water-cooler conversation; he's sucked the water right out, making all other entertainment from N.F.L. games to awards shows pale in comparison."<ref name="ChozickNYT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html |title=Why Trump Will Win a Second Term |last=Chozick |first=Amy |authorlink=Amy Chozick |date=September 29, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> Chozick quoted [[Brent Montgomery]], the creator of the reality TV show ''[[Pawn Stars]]'', saying "Part of what he's doing that makes it feel like a reality show is that he is feeding you something every night. You can't afford to miss one episode or you're left behind."<ref name="ChozickNYT"/>',
655 => '',
656 => 'After winning the election, Trump told journalist [[Lesley Stahl]] he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |title='60 Minutes' correspondent: Trump said he attacks the press so no one believes negative coverage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 23, 2018}}</ref> Into his presidency, Trump has described negative media coverage as "fake news".<ref name=Bump-180509>{{cite news |title=Trump makes it explicit: Negative coverage of him is fake coverage |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 9, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/09/trump-makes-it-explicit-negative-coverage-of-him-is-fake-coverage/ |last=Bump |first=Philip |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html |title=Trump's latest shot at the press corps: 'Take away credentials?' |first1=Brian |last1=Stelter |author1link=Brian Stelter |first2=Kaitlan |last2=Collins |author2link=Kaitlan Collins |website=[[CNN Money]] |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/20/as-a-foreign-reporter-visiting-the-us-i-was-stunned-by-trumps-press-conference |title=As a foreign reporter visiting the US I was stunned by Trump's press conference |last=Taylor |first=Lenore |authorlink=Lenore Taylor |date=September 20, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The Trump White House held about 100 formal press briefings during 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two during 2019.<ref name="auto2"/>',
657 => '',
658 => '=== Popular culture ===',
659 => '',
660 => '{{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture|Donald Trump in music}}',
661 => '',
662 => 'Trump has been the subject of comedians, [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on [[Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump|''Saturday Night Live'']] by [[Phil Hartman]], [[Darrell Hammond]], and [[Alec Baldwin]], and in ''[[South Park]]'' as [[Mr. Garrison]]. ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart to the Future]]", written during his [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000|2000 campaign for the Reform party]], anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called ''[[The President Show]]'' debuted in April 2017 on [[Comedy Central]], while another one called ''[[Our Cartoon President]]'' debuted on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/ |title='Donald Trump' Gets a Comedy Central Series |first=Megan |last=Garber |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 3, 2017 |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref>',
663 => '',
664 => 'Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of [[hip-hop]] lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<ref name=538-hiphop /><ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU |title=25 years of Donald Trump mentions in hip hop |via=YouTube |author=mantolius |date=February 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<ref name=538-hiphop>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics |title=Hip-Hop Is Turning On Donald Trump |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=July 14, 2016 |first=Allison |last=McCann}}</ref>',
665 => '',
666 => 'On December 30, 2019, the New Yorker reported that a [[neologism]] coined in Germany, ''Trumpschmerz'', translated as pain associated with Trump, had been named the 2019 German "Word of the Year".<ref>Glasser, Susan B., ''Our Year of Trumpschmerz'', December 30, 2019</ref>',
667 => '',
668 => '=== Social media ===',
669 => '',
670 => '{{Main|Donald Trump on social media}}',
671 => '',
672 => 'Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined [[Twitter]] in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter: Most Followers |url=https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526182436/https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |archivedate=May 26, 2019 |accessdate=May 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<ref name="federalist-sidelining">{{cite web |url=https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/ |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Use Is Key To Sidelining The Press |first=Dustin |last=Steeve |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<ref name="NYT-20170427">{{cite news |last=Qui |first=Linda |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WP-20170501">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Lee |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |title=Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CT-20170624">{{cite news |last1=Drinkard |first1=Jim |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |title=Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref>',
673 => '',
674 => '=== Recognition ===',
675 => '',
676 => '{{Further|List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump}}',
677 => '',
678 => 'In 1983, Trump received the [[Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award]], after he helped fund the building of two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-inside-donald-trump-s-history-of-donations-in-israel-1.5469673 |title=Inside Donald Trump's History of Donations in Israel |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Judy |last=Maltz |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|first=Judy|last=Maltz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499|title=Trump Once Helped Finance Resettlement of Israelis Evacuated From Sinai|date=May 4, 2017|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> In 1986, he received the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/ |title=Did Donald Trump Receive an Ellis Island Award in 1986? |first=Dan |last=Evon |date=September 5, 2016|website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the [[Freedoms Foundation]] for his support of youth programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ |title=Trump to be honored for working with youths |date=May 25, 1995 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> He received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.walkoffame.com/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump {{!}} Hollywood Walk of Fame |website=www.walkoffame.com |access-date=September 6, 2019 |publisher=[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]}}</ref> and was inducted into the [[WWE Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwe.com/videos/donald-trump-cements-his-wwe-legacy-2013-wwe-hall-of-fame-induction-ceremony |title=Donald Trump cements his WWE legacy: 2013 WWE Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony |year=2013 |website=[[WWE]]}}</ref> [[Liberty University]] awarded Trump an honorary Doctorate of Business in 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182 |title=Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty's growth |date=September 24, 2012 |website=[[Liberty University]] |first=Mitzi |last=Bible}}</ref> and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 2017, during his first college commencement speech as president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=234393 |title=LU confers seven honorary doctorates to world changers, including President Trump – Liberty University |website=www.liberty.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/ |title=Watch Donald Trump's First Commencement Speech as President |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, [[Robert Gordon University]] revoked the honorary Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) they had granted him in 2010, stating that "Mr. Trump has made a number of statements that are wholly incompatible with the ethos and values of the university."<ref name="Scot">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump: Robert Gordon University strips honorary degree |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-35054360 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2015 |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>',
679 => '',
680 => 'In December 2016, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Trump as its "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]",<ref name=PersonYear>{{cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |authorlink=Nancy Gibbs |title=Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/ |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Eun Kyung |title=Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state |url=https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685 |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, he was named ''[[Financial Times]]'' [[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]<ref name="FT 2016">{{cite news |last=Luce |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Luce |title=FT Person of the Year: Donald Trump |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a |accessdate=December 17, 2017 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> and was ranked by ''[[Forbes]]'' the [[Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People|second most powerful person in the world]] after [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful People |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/ |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |date=December 2016 |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> As president, Trump received the [[Order of King Abdulaziz|Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]] from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html |title=Donald Trump awarded with Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour within hours of landing in the country |last1=Wilts |first1=Alexandra |date=May 20, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 20, 2017}}</ref>',
681 => '',
682 => '== Investigations ==',
683 => '',
684 => '{{Further2|Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia ([[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2017)|2017]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)|January–June 2018]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)|July–December 2018]] and [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)|2019]])}}',
685 => '',
686 => 'The [[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]] FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his [[The Trump Organization|private businesses]], personal taxes, and [[Donald J. Trump Foundation|charitable foundation]].<ref name="AP2018-12-16">{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Calvin |last2=Pace |first2=Julie |title=Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency |url=https://apnews.com/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a |accessdate=December 19, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<ref name="NYT_Inv">{{cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Yourish |first2=Karen |title=Tracking 29 Investigations Related to Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 23, 2019}}</ref>',
687 => '',
688 => '=== Hush payments ===',
689 => '',
690 => '{{Main|Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal}}',
691 => '{{See also|Legal affairs of Donald Trump#Payments related to alleged affairs|Karen McDougal#Alleged affair with Donald Trump}}',
692 => '',
693 => '[[American Media, Inc.]] (AMI) paid $150,000 to ''[[Playboy]]'' model [[Karen McDougal]] in August 2016,<ref name="WSJT">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/national-enquirer-shielded-donald-trump-from-playboy-models-affair-allegation-1478309380 |title=National Enquirer Shielded Donald Trump From Playboy Model's Affair Allegation |last1=Palazzolo |first1=Joe |last2=Rothfeld |first2=Michael |last3=Alpert |first3=Lukas |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=February 17, 2018}}</ref> and Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] paid $130,000 to [[Pornographic film actor|adult film actress]] [[Stormy Daniels]] in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43334326 |title=Why the Stormy Daniels-Donald Trump story matters |last=Luckhurst |first=Toby |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref> Both women were paid for [[non-disclosure agreement]]s regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/08/21/how-the-campaign-finance-charges-against-michael-cohen-may-implicate-trump |title=How the campaign finance charges against Michael Cohen implicate Trump |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Philip |last=Bump |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged the payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/74aaf72511d64fceb1d64529207bde64 |title=Cohen pleads guilty, implicates Trump in hush-money scheme |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Hays |first2=Tom |date=August 22, 2018 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election/ |title=National Enquirer owner admits to paying off Playboy model to protect Trump |last1=Watson |first1=Kathyn |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<ref name="Nelson">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-stormy-daniels-payment-444133 |title=White House on Stormy Daniels: Trump 'denied all these allegations' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=March 7, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/22/trump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html |title=Trump insists he learned of Michael Cohen payments 'later on', in 'Fox & Friends' exclusive |last=Singman |first=Brooke |accessdate=August 23, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |date=August 22, 2018}}</ref> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen/2018/12/07/e144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html |title=Court filings directly implicate Trump in efforts to buy women's silence, reveal new contact between inner circle and Russian |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |date=December 7, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D |title=FBI documents point to Trump role in hush money for porn star Daniels |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |last2=Stempel |first2=Jonathan |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 18, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a |title=Records detail frenetic effort to bury stories about Trump |last1=Mustian |first1=Jim |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> The closure of the federal investigation into the matter was announced in July 2019,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/17/feds-end-probe-of-hush-money-that-trump-ex-lawyer-michael-cohen-directed.html |title=Feds end probe of hush money that Trump lawyer Michael Cohen directed to Stormy Daniels, Karen McDougal |first1=Kevin |last1=Breuninger |first2=Dan |last2=Mangan |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 17, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> but days later the [[Manhattan District Attorney]] subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html |title=Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money |first1=Ben |last1=Protess |first2=William K. |last2=Rashbaum |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 16, 2019 |first1=William K. |last1=Rashbaum |first2=Ben |last2=Protess |title=8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html}}</ref>',
694 => '',
695 => '=== Russian interference ===',
696 => '',
697 => '{{Main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Foreign electoral intervention}}',
698 => '{{See also|Links between Trump associates and Russian officials|Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal}}',
699 => '',
700 => 'In January 2017, American intelligence agencies{{snd}}the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and the [[National Security Agency|NSA]], represented by the [[Director of National Intelligence]]{{snd}}jointly stated with "[[Analytic confidence#Levels of analytic confidence in national security reports|high confidence]]" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html |title=Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |authorlink=Matthew Rosenberg |date=July 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Declassified Report">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 8, 2017 |page=ii |quote=We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.}}</ref> In March 2017, FBI Director [[James Comey]] told Congress that "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/ |title=It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia |last=Berman |first=Russell |date=March 20, 2017 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=June 7, 2017}}</ref>',
701 => '',
702 => 'The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack |title=Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |date=December 13, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/03/the-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia/ |title=The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 3, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref> One of Trump's campaign managers, [[Paul Manafort]], had worked for several years to help pro-Russian politician [[Viktor Yanukovych]] win the Ukrainian presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/19/paul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained/ |title=Paul Manafort's complicated ties to Ukraine, explained |last=Phillips |first=Amber |date=August 19, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor [[Michael T. Flynn]] and political consultant [[Roger Stone]], have been connected to Russian officials.<ref name="many">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |title=Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia |last=Nesbit |first=Jeff |date=August 15, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=February 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/us/roger-stone-donald-trump-russia.html |title=Roger Stone, the 'Trickster' on Trump's Side, Is Under F.B.I. Scrutiny |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=March 21, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump |title=NYT: Russians discussed using Manafort, Flynn to influence Trump |last=Williams |first=Katie Bo |date=May 24, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>',
703 => 'Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106 |title=Exclusive: Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians: sources |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |last3=Strobel |first3=Warren |date=May 18, 2017 |accessdate=May 19, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]] about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Trump later fired Flynn for falsely claiming he had not discussed the sanctions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/13/politics/michael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser/ |title=Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts |last1=Murray |first1=Sara |author1link=Sara Murray (journalist) |last2=Borger |first2=Gloria |author2link=Gloria Borger |last3=Diamond |first3=Jeremy |author3link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=February 14, 2017 |accessdate=March 2, 2017 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reported that Trump had told [[Sergei Lavrov]] and Sergey Kislyak in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |title=Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |author1link=Shane Harris |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |author3link=Ellen Nakashima}}</ref>',
704 => '',
705 => 'Trump and his allies have promoted [[Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal|a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election]], which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to [[Frameup|frame]] Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html |title=Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says |first1=Julian E. |last1=Barnes |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |author2link=Matthew Rosenberg |date=November 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>',
706 => '',
707 => '=== Special counsel investigation ===',
708 => '',
709 => '{{Main|Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|Mueller Report|Barr letter}}',
710 => '',
711 => 'On May 17, 2017, former [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]] appointed [[Robert Mueller]], a former [[director of the FBI]], to serve as [[special counsel]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation", taking over the existing FBI investigation into the matter.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |last=Rosenstein |first=Rod |date=May 17, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 18, 2017}}</ref> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's dismissal of James Comey as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<ref name=Vitkovskaya>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/ |title=Trump Is Officially under Investigation. How Did We Get Here? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Vitkovskaya |first=Julie |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=June 16, 2017 |quote=Trump is officially under investigation{{nbsp}}... Special counsel investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice ... The president is being investigated ...}}</ref> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=Analysis {{!}} Trump and the White House have denied Russian collusion more than 140 times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Turkey]], [[Qatar]], [[Israel]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |authorlink=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>',
712 => '',
713 => 'Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions{{snd}}in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018{{snd}}and close the investigation, but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author1link=Maggie Haberman |last2=Schmidt |first2=Michael S. |author2link=Michael S. Schmidt |title=Trump Sought to Fire Mueller in December |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> He tried repeatedly to get former Attorney General Jeff Sessions to withdraw his recusal regarding Russia matters, believing Sessions would then put an end to the special counsel investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100 |title=Trump to Sessions: Shut down Russia probe |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |date=August 1, 2018 |website=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018}}</ref>',
714 => '',
715 => 'On March 22, 2019, the special counsel concluded his investigation and gave his report to Attorney General [[William Barr]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html |title=Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 22, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> On March 24, Barr sent a [[Barr letter|four-page letter]] to Congress summarizing what he said were the "principal conclusions" in the report. He said the report did not conclude the President had committed any crimes, although it did not exonerate him for obstruction of justice.<ref name=Pramuk>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |first1=Jacob |last1=Pramuk |first2=Spencer |last2=Kimball |date=March 24, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Barr wrote on March 24 that given his authority to decide whether Trump had committed a crime, he and Rosenstein felt there was insufficient evidence to establish obstruction by Trump.<ref name=Pramuk/> Trump interpreted Mueller's report a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-47687956/mueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump |title=Mueller report a 'complete exoneration' – Donald Trump |date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said and there was now "public confusion".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html |title=Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |date=April 30, 2019 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref> Some legal analysts said Barr's description of the report's contents was misleading.<ref name="testcomm2">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/19/mueller-report-analysis-legal-experts-226662 |title=The Surprises in the Mueller Report |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>',
716 => '',
717 => 'A redacted version of the final [[Mueller Report]] was released to the public on April 18, 2019, with the first volume finding that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<ref name=AFPpoints>{{cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]] |accessdate=April 20, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archivedate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{cite news |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite news |last=Law |first=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |date=April 18, 2019 |url=http://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref> The evidence was incomplete due to encrypted, deleted, or unsaved communications as well as false, incomplete, or declined testimony.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/mueller-report-says-messaging-apps-likely-destroyed-trump-russia-evidence |title=Mueller says messaging apps likely destroyed Trump-Russia evidence |first=Gopal |last=Ratnam |date=April 19, 2019 |work=[[Roll Call]]}}</ref> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and details how Trump and his campaign "welcomed and encouraged" Russian foreign interference under the belief that they would politically benefit.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=March 2019 |first=Robert S. III |last=Mueller |title=Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election |quote=The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. |url=https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/mueller/590467/ |title=What The Mueller Report Actually Said |last=Frum |first=David |authorlink=David Frum |date=May 29, 2019 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/mueller-report-russians-meddling-2016-election-sought-help-retweets-team-n996051 |title=Mueller report: Russians charged with disrupting 2016 election sought help, retweets from team Trump |last=Timm |first=Jane |date=April 18, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/trump-campaign-won-t-commit-staying-away-hacked-material-n998156 |title=Trump campaign won't commit to staying away from hacked material |last=Alba |first=Monica |date=April 24, 2019 |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4810133/mueller-schiff-detail-trumps-collusion-russia-subsequent-efforts-cover-up |title=Mueller Testimony Clip: Trump and His Campaign Welcomed and Encouraged Russian Foreign Interference |date=July 25, 2019 |website=[[C-SPAN]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>',
718 => '',
719 => 'The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<ref name="WaPoLays">{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |title=Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 17, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The report did not exonerate him of obstruction, saying investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<ref name="FactCheck11">{{Cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/04/what-the-mueller-report-says-about-obstruction/ |title=What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |last3=Gore |first3=D'Angelo |last4=Spencer |first4=Saranac Hale |last5=Fichera |first5=Angelo |last6=McDonald |first6=Jessica |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an [[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/robert-mueller-statement-today-report-investigation-trump-2016-election-live-updates-2019-05/ |title=Mueller: If it were clear president committed no crime, "we would have said so" |last=Segers |first=Grace |date=May 29, 2019 |work=CBS News |accessdate=June 2, 2019}}</ref> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<ref name=APdilemma>{{cite news |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |title=Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress |url=https://www.apnews.com/35829a2b010248f193d1efd00c4de7e5 |website=[[AP News]] |date=April 18, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref>',
720 => '',
721 => '=== Associates ===',
722 => '',
723 => '{{see also|Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)}}',
724 => '',
725 => 'On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman [[Paul Manafort]] was [[Trials of Paul Manafort|convicted]] on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html |title=Manafort convicted on eight counts; mistrial declared on ten others |last=Zapotosky |first=Matt |last2=Bui |first2=Lynh |last3=Jackman |first3=Tom |last4=Barrett |first4=Devlin |date=August 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to [[Rudy Giuliani]], Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<ref name="Leonnig823">{{cite news |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |author1link=Carol D. Leonnig |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |author2link=Josh Dawsey |date=August 23, 2018 |title=Trump sought his lawyers' advice weeks ago on possibility of pardoning Manafort, Giuliani says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says/2018/08/23/17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2018}}</ref>',
726 => '',
727 => 'On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build [[Trump Tower Moscow|a Trump Tower in Moscow]]. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html |title=Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project |date=November 29, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |first3=Rosalind S. |last3=Helderman |author3link=Rosalind Helderman |accessdate=December 12, 2018}}</ref>',
728 => '',
729 => 'The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], foreign policy advisor [[George Papadopoulos]], Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mangan |first=Dan |title=Trump and Giuliani are right that 'collusion is not a crime.' But that doesn't matter for Mueller's probe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=<!-- staff writers; no byline --> |title=Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> On January 25, 2019, Trump adviser [[Roger Stone]] was arrested at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and indicted on seven criminal charges;<ref name=Mazzetti-190125>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html |title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2019 |accessdate=January 25, 2019 |first1=Mark |last1=Mazzetti |author1link=Mark Mazzetti |first2=Eileen |last2=Sullivan |author2link=Eileen Sullivan |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> he was convicted in November of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/us/politics/roger-stone-trial-guilty.html |title=Roger Stone Is Convicted of Impeding Investigators in a Bid to Protect Trump |last1=LaFraniere |first1=Sharon }author1link=Sharon LaFraniere |last2=Montague |first2=Zach |date=November 15, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 20, 2019}}</ref>',
730 => '',
731 => '=== 2019 congressional investigation ===',
732 => '',
733 => 'In March 2019, the [[House Judiciary Committee]] launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html |title=House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Committee chairman [[Jerrold Nadler]] sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html |title=US: House panel to widen Trump probe, request documents |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="Fandos-190304">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html |title=With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |date=March 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos}}</ref> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<ref name="Fandos-190304" /> The White House refused to comply with that request, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html |title=White House rejects Dem requests for info on Putin communications |last1=Herb |first1=Jeremy |date=March 21, 2019 |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |author2link=Pamela Brown (journalist)}}</ref>',
734 => '',
735 => '=== Impeachment ===',
736 => '',
737 => '{{Main|Impeachment of Donald Trump}}',
738 => '{{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}}',
739 => '{{Trump–Ukraine scandal}}',
740 => '',
741 => 'During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |title='Reluctant impeachment': Will Pelosi ever be swayed to go there? |first=Lindsey |last=McPherson |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go |work=[[Roll Call]] |date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019, but this number grew, after the Mueller Report was released in April and after special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, to around 140 representatives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=The most important number in the impeachment fight keeps getting smaller |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/most-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>',
742 => '',
743 => 'In September 2019, a revelation emerged that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] to investigate Democratic presidential candidate [[Joe Biden]] and his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |title=Ukraine to Review Criminal Case on Owner of Firm Linked to Biden's Son |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 4, 2019}}</ref> In response, House speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] initiated [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|a formal impeachment inquiry]] on September 24.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2019 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Costa |first3=Robert |author3link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump deflects and defies as Democrats speed up impeachment strategy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-deflects-and-defies-as-democrats-speed-up-impeachment-strategy/2019/09/25/d73de84a-dfc9-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |accessdate=September 26, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The Trump administration subsequently released a non-verbatim transcript of a July phone call between Trump and Zelensky, confirming that after Zelensky discussed the possibility of buying American anti-tank missiles to defend Ukraine, Trump then asked Zelensky to look into investigating the Bidens, and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Santucci |first1=John |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |last3=Thomas |first3=Pierre |author3link=Pierre Thomas (journalist) |last4=Faulders |first4=Katherine |title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> According to the testimony of multiple White House officials, the events were a part of a broader pressure campaign to further Trump's "personal interests" by abusing the power of the presidency.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2019/09/24/whistleblower-complaint/assets/amp.html |title=Newsgraphics: Read The Whistleblower Complaint |date=September 24, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<ref name="Zelensky Pressure">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5686305/zelensky-ukraine-denies-trump-pressure/ |title='Nobody Pushed Me.' Ukrainian President Denies Trump Pressured Him to Investigate Biden's Son |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=November 20, 2019 |first=Tara |last=Law |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>',
744 => '',
745 => 'The impeachment inquiry came in the wake of a [[Whistleblower protection in the United States|whistleblower]] complaint alleging abuse of power involving the Trump-Zelensky call, as well as other allegations: that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a [[cover-up]], and that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration to urge Ukraine to investigate the Bidens. The whistleblower further alleged that the pressure campaign may have included Trump's canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip, and Trump's withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html |title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Marshall |last1=Cohen |first2=Katelyn |last2=Polantz |first3=David |last3=Shortell}}</ref> Trump confirmed he had indeed temporarily withheld military aid from Ukraine, while offering contradicting reasons for his decision.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forgey |first1=Quint |title=Trump changes story on withholding Ukraine aid |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/24/donald-trump-ukraine-military-aid-1509070 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |date=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Wagner |first2=Felicia |last2=Sonmez |first3=Colby |last3=Itkowitz |title=Live updates: Top Democrat warns White House 'we're not fooling around' on impeachment inquiry |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-impeachment-whistleblower/2019/10/02/80df829a-e494-11e9-b403-f738899982d2_story.html |accessdate=October 2, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>',
746 => '',
747 => 'Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, [[William B. Taylor Jr.|William Taylor]], the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine|chargé d'affaires for Ukraine]], testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. The goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/trump-impeachment-ukraine.html |title=Ukraine Envoy Testifies Trump Linked Military Aid to Investigations, Lawmaker Says |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Fandos |first2=Nicholas |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not give Zelensky a coveted invitation to the White House.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/politics/william-taylor-testimony.html |title=6 Key Revelations of Taylor's Opening Statement to Impeachment Investigators |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/22/william-taylor-ukraine-testimony-trump-054259 |title=William Taylor testifies about deep-seated push for Ukraine quid pro quo |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |author1link=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |last2=Desiderio |first2=Andrew |date=October 22, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref>',
748 => '',
749 => 'As part of the impeachment inquiry, the House Judiciary Committee asked to see secret grand jury information which had been used in compiling the Mueller Report. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) refused to turn it over, arguing that secrecy of grand jury material must be preserved and that the impeachment inquiry was invalid. On October 25, 2019, federal judge [[Beryl A. Howell]] ruled that the inquiry is valid and that the DOJ must forward the information to the committee within the week.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/25/judge-orders-release-of-mueller-material-citing-impeachment-chance.html |title=Judge calls Trump impeachment probe legal, says House must get Mueller grand jury information |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=October 25, 2019 |work=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=October 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Charlie |author1link=Charlie Savage |last2=Cochrane |first2=Emily |title=Impeachment Inquiry Is Legal, Judge Rules, Giving Democrats a Victory |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/us/politics/house-impeachment-subpoenas.html |accessdate=October 25, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 25, 2019}}</ref> On October 31, the House passed a resolution, by a 232–196 vote, establishing rules for the next phase of the impeachment inquiry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry-house-vote.html |title=How Each House Member Voted on Rules for the Trump Impeachment Inquiry |last=Cai |first=Weiyi |last2=Daniel |first2=Annie |last3=Lee |first3=Jasmine C. |last4=Lu |first4=Denise |last5=Migliozzi |first5=Blacki |last6=Parlapiano |first6=Alicia |last7=Patel |first7=Jugal K. |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/house-impeachment-vote.html |title=A Divided House Endorses Impeachment Inquiry Into Trump |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 31, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref>',
750 => '',
751 => 'On December 3, 2019, the [[House Intelligence Committee]] published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report stated that Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |first3=Zeke |last3=Miller |first4=Colleen |last4=Long |first5=Eric |last5=Tucker |first6=Jill |last6=Colvin |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title=House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment |url=https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/ |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiland |first1=Noah |title=Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Intel-Report">{{Cite web|url=https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf|title=Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs|last=House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|date=December 3, 2019|website=U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref>{{Rp|8,208}} The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/02/house-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry/2590245001/ |title=House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump's dealings with Ukraine |work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019 |first1=Bart |last1=Jansen |first2=Christal |last2=Hayes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784183484/read-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry |title= Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry |work=[[NPR]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref>',
752 => '',
753 => 'On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<ref name = Siegel>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093|last1=Siegel|first1=Benjamin|last2=Faulders|first2=Katherine|title=House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump|date=December 13, 2019|work=ABC News|accessdate=December 13, 2019}}</ref> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |title=Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196 |accessdate=December 18, 2019 |work=NBC News |date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>',
754 => '',
755 => '== Notes ==',
756 => '',
757 => '{{notelist}}',
758 => '',
759 => '== References ==',
760 => '',
761 => '{{reflist|30em}}',
762 => '',
763 => '=== Works cited ===',
764 => '',
765 => '<!-- This section is ONLY for books that are cited in footnotes of this Wikipedia article. -->',
766 => '{{Refbegin|30em}}',
767 => '* {{cite book |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |authorlink=Wayne Barrett |publisher=[[Harper Collins]] |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1992 |edition=First Regan Art Paperback |isbn=978-1-682450-79-6 |ref=harv}} Paperback title: ''The greatest show on Earth{{snd}}The deals, the downfall, the reinvention''.',
768 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ |title=Donald Trump: The Candidate |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015a |isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1 |ref=harv}}',
769 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015b|orig-year=First published 2001 |isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9 |ref=harv}}',
770 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989 |last=Gallup |first=George Jr. |authorlink=George Gallup Jr. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3 |ref=harv}}',
771 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xjp3R1PqO4C |title=Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-471-23865-2 |ref=harv}}',
772 => '* {{cite book |title=Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President |last1=Kranish |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Kranish |last2=Fisher |first2=Marc |author2link=Marc Fisher |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2017 |orig-year=First published 2016 |isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6 |ref=harv |title-link=Trump Revealed}}',
773 => '* {{cite book |title=Trumped! |last1=O'Donnell |first1=John R. |last2=Rutherford |first2=James |publisher=Crossroad Press Trade Edition |year=1991 |orig-year=First published 1991 |isbn=978-1946025-26-5 |ref=harv |title-link=Trumped! (book)}}',
774 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC |title=Trump: The Art of the Deal |first1=Donald J. |last1=Trump |first2=Tony |last2=Schwartz |author2link=Tony Schwartz (author) |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2009 |orig-year=First published 1987 |isbn=978-0-446-35325-0 |ref=harv}}',
775 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC |title=Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV |last=Wooten |first=Sara |publisher=[[Enslow Publishers]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6 |ref=harv}}',
776 => '{{refend}}',
777 => '',
778 => '== Further reading ==',
779 => '',
780 => '{{Refbegin}}',
781 => '* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTB6Ip_FW-UC |title=Taming the Beast: Wall Street's Imperfect Answers to Making Money |last=Light |first=Larry |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-118-08420-5}}',
782 => '{{refend}}',
783 => '',
784 => '== External links ==',
785 => '',
786 => '{{Library resources box|by=yes}}',
787 => '<!-- Please be cautious about adding more external links.',
788 => 'Wikipedia is not a collection of links and should not be used for advertising.',
789 => 'Excessive or inappropriate links will be removed.',
790 => 'See Wikipedia:External links and Wikipedia:Spam for details.',
791 => 'If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on',
792 => 'the article's talk page, or submit your link to the relevant category at',
793 => 'DMOZ (dmoz.org) and link there using {{Dmoz}}. -->',
794 => '* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump President Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov]',
795 => '* [https://twitter.com/POTUS President Trump] on Twitter (professional)',
796 => '* [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump Donald Trump] on Twitter (personal)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->',
797 => '* {{Facebook}}',
798 => '* [https://www.donaldjtrump.com/ Donald J. Trump for President campaign website]',
799 => '* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230 Donald Trump] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''',
800 => '* [https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump "Donald Trump collected news and commentary"]. ''The New York Times''.',
801 => '* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159 "Donald Trump collected news and commentary"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.',
802 => '* [https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump Donald Trump appearances] on [[C-SPAN]]',
803 => '* [https://archive.org/details/trumparchive Donald Trump] on the [[Internet Archive]]',
804 => '* [https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump Talking About Donald Trump] at [[The Interviews: An Oral History of Television]]',
805 => '{{Donald Trump|state=expanded}}',
806 => '{{Navboxes',
807 => '|list1 =',
808 => '{{US Presidents}}',
809 => '{{United States presidential election, 2016}}',
810 => '{{Republican Party (United States)}}',
811 => '{{Time Persons of the Year}}',
812 => '}}',
813 => '{{Navboxes',
814 => '|title=Leadership roles',
815 => '|list1 =',
816 => '{{Current NATO leaders}}',
817 => '{{G8 Leaders}}',
818 => '{{List of Current Heads of State of G20}}',
819 => '{{List of Current Heads of Government of G20}}',
820 => '{{Current G20 Leaders}}',
821 => '{{APEC Leaders}}',
822 => '}}',
823 => '',
824 => '{{Subject bar',
825 => '|commons = y',
826 => '|n = y',
827 => '|n-search = Category:Donald Trump',
828 => '|wikt = y',
829 => '|wikt-search = Category:en:Donald Trump',
830 => '|q = y',
831 => '|s = y',
832 => '|s-search = Author:Donald John Trump',
833 => '|d = y',
834 => '|d-search = Q22686',
835 => '}}',
836 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Donald}}',
837 => '[[Category:Donald Trump| ]]<!-- please leave the empty space as standard -->',
838 => '[[Category:1946 births]]',
839 => '[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]',
840 => '[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]',
841 => '[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]',
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843 => '[[Category:21st-century Presbyterians]]',
844 => '[[Category:21st-century Presidents of the United States]]',
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846 => '[[Category:American anti-socialists]]',
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848 => '[[Category:American business writers]]',
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855 => '[[Category:American memoirists]]',
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857 => '[[Category:American people of German descent]]',
858 => '[[Category:American people of Scottish descent]]',
859 => '[[Category:American political fundraisers]]',
860 => '[[Category:American political writers]]',
861 => '[[Category:American real estate businesspeople]]',
862 => '[[Category:American reality television producers]]',
863 => '[[Category:American television hosts]]',
864 => '[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]',
865 => '[[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]]',
866 => '[[Category:Candidates in the 2000 United States presidential election]]',
867 => '[[Category:Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election]]',
868 => '[[Category:Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election]]',
869 => '[[Category:Climate change skepticism and denial]]',
870 => '[[Category:Florida Republicans]]',
871 => '[[Category:Fordham University alumni]]',
872 => '[[Category:Impeached Presidents of the United States]]',
873 => '[[Category:New York (state) Republicans]]',
874 => '[[Category:New York Military Academy alumni]]',
875 => '[[Category:People from Bedminster, New Jersey]]',
876 => '[[Category:People from Jamaica Estates, Queens]]',
877 => '[[Category:People from Manhattan]]',
878 => '[[Category:People stripped of honorary degrees]]',
879 => '[[Category:Politicians from New York City]]',
880 => '[[Category:Presbyterians from New York (state)]]',
881 => '[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]',
882 => '[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]]',
883 => '[[Category:Recipients of the Presidential Order of Excellence]]',
884 => '[[Category:Reform Party of the United States of America politicians]]',
885 => '[[Category:Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees]]',
886 => '[[Category:Republican Party Presidents of the United States]]',
887 => '[[Category:Right-wing populism in the United States]]',
888 => '[[Category:Television producers from New York City]]',
889 => '[[Category:The Trump Organization employees]]',
890 => '[[Category:Trump family|Donald]]',
891 => '[[Category:United States Football League executives]]',
892 => '[[Category:WWE Hall of Fame inductees]]',
893 => '[[Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]',
894 => '[[Category:Writers from New York City]]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{short description|American actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}',
1 => '{{Infobox person',
2 => '| name = Corbin Allred',
3 => '| image = ',
4 => '| alt = ',
5 => '| caption = ',
6 => '| birth_name = Corbin Michaell Allred',
7 => '| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|5|25}}',
8 => '| birth_place = [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.',
9 => '| death_date = ',
10 => '| death_place = ',
11 => '| nationality = ',
12 => '| other_names = ',
13 => '| known_for = ',
14 => '| occupation = Actor',
15 => '| yearsactive = 2005–present',
16 => ''''Corbin Michael Allred''' (born May 25, 1979) is an American actor. He starred in the 2003 award-winning motion picture ''[[Saints and Soldiers]]'' and the 1997–1998 television series ''[[Teen Angel (TV series)|Teen Angel]]''.<ref name=":2" />',
17 => '==Career==',
18 => 'Allred's acting career began when he was 12 years old after attending an open casting call in his home town of [[Midvale, Utah]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=LDS actor pursues career without compromising|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/600116899/LDS-actor-pursues-career-without-compromising.html|website=Deseret News|accessdate=22 January 2018}}</ref> He has appeared in multiple productions for [[Mormon cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:W35rrLSykeMJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=57147240&itype=CMSID+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=LDS-themed 'Saratov Approach' hits $1 million mark|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Haoo6IPqfeoJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54958637&itype=cmsid+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=Looking back: Ten films show the best from 'Mormon Cinema'|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Allred is a member of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], and served an [[LDS Mission]] in [[Australia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ldsliving.com/Natalie-Portman-Called-to-Wish-Me-Luck-on-My-LDS-Mission/s/83419|title=Natalie Portman Called to Wish Me Luck on My LDS Mission|date=2016-11-01|work=LDS Living|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref>',
19 => 'In addition to ''[[Saints and Soldiers]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:7gUJjkPAEjUJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54668273&itype=cmsid+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title='Saints and Soldiers' sequel explores faith at war|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:wIIlZiiTyVwJ:archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54689235&itype=CMSID+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|title=Movie review: 'Airborne Creed' weighs war and faith|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=2018-07-06|language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[Teen Angel (1997 TV series)|Teen Angel]]'', Allred played the lead role in ''[[Josh Kirby... Time Warrior!]]'' and is known for his role in ''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]''. He appeared in the 1999 films ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]'' alongside [[Dan Aykroyd]] and [[Kirk Douglas]] and ''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]'' with [[Natalie Portman]]<ref name=":1" /> and [[Susan Sarandon]]. He played a lead role in [[The Saratov Approach]], a 2013 film about the weeklong abduction of two [[LDS missionaries]] in [[Russia]] that occurred in 1998.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Saratov Approach|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_saratov_approach/|language=en|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref>',
20 => 'In television, he's had roles in an episode of ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'',<ref name=":1" /> an episode of ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'', and a couple episodes of ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)]].''',
21 => 'Allred is also a musician and a Physician Assistant practicing in [[Oregon]].',
22 => '==Filmography==',
23 => '=== Film ===',
24 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"',
25 => '|-',
26 => '! Year',
27 => '! Title',
28 => '! Role',
29 => '! class="unsortable" | Notes',
30 => '|-',
31 => '|1993',
32 => '|''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]''',
33 => '|Young Lad',
34 => '|',
35 => '|-',
36 => '|1993',
37 => '|''[[Quest of the Delta Knights]]''',
38 => '|Tee',
39 => '|Video',
40 => '|-',
41 => '|1994',
42 => '|''[[No Dessert, Dad, till You Mow the Lawn]]''',
43 => '|Moonpie',
44 => '|',
45 => '|-',
46 => '|1995–96',
47 => '|''[[Josh Kirby... Time Warrior!|Josh Kirby]]''',
48 => '|Josh Kirby',
49 => '|Video series',
50 => '|-',
51 => '|1997',
52 => '|''Address Unknown''',
53 => '|Lance Pirth',
54 => '|',
55 => '|-',
56 => '|1999',
57 => '|''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]''',
58 => '|Michael Agensky',
59 => '|',
60 => '|-',
61 => '|1999',
62 => '|''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]''',
63 => '|Peter',
64 => '|',
65 => '|-',
66 => '|1999',
67 => '|''Christmas Mission''',
68 => '|Tomberline',
69 => '|Video short',
70 => '|-',
71 => '|2003',
72 => '|''[[Saints and Soldiers]]''',
73 => '|Cpl. Nathan 'Deacon' Greer',
74 => '|',
75 => '|-',
76 => '|2006',
77 => '|''[[Take a Chance (2006 film)|Take a Chance]]''',
78 => '|Elliot Buddles / Gustav',
79 => '|Video',
80 => '|-',
81 => '|2006',
82 => '|''{{sortname|The|Work and the Glory III: A House Divided|nolink=1}}''',
83 => '|John Griffith',
84 => '|',
85 => '|-',
86 => '|2008',
87 => '|''Team''',
88 => '|Klausy',
89 => '|Short',
90 => '|-',
91 => '|2009',
92 => '|''{{sortname|The|Wild Stallion}}''',
93 => '|Morg',
94 => '|',
95 => '|-',
96 => '|2012',
97 => '|''[[Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed]]''',
98 => '|Cpl. James Rossi',
99 => '|',
100 => '|-',
101 => '|2013',
102 => '|''{{sortname|The|Saratov Approach}}''',
103 => '|Elder Tuttle',
104 => '|',
105 => '|-',
106 => '|2015',
107 => '|''47 Minutes''',
108 => '|Mckowski',
109 => '|Short',
110 => '|-',
111 => '|2019',
112 => '|''Out of Liberty''',
113 => '|[[Porter Rockwell]]',
114 => '|',
115 => '|}',
116 => '=== Television ===',
117 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"',
118 => '|-',
119 => '! Year',
120 => '! Title',
121 => '! Role',
122 => '! class="unsortable" | Notes',
123 => '|-',
124 => '|1995',
125 => '|''[[Saved by the Bell: The New Class]]''',
126 => '|Franklin',
127 => '|"The Principal's Principles"',
128 => '|-',
129 => '|1996',
130 => '|''My Son Is Innocent''',
131 => '|First Kid',
132 => '|TV film',
133 => '|-',
134 => '|1996',
135 => '|''[[Blue Rodeo (film)|Blue Rodeo]]''',
136 => '|Peter Yearwood',
137 => '|TV film',
138 => '|-',
139 => '|1997',
140 => '|''[[Social Studies (TV series)|Social Studies]]''',
141 => '|Chip Wigley',
142 => '|Main role',
143 => '|-',
144 => '|1997',
145 => '|''ABC TGIF''',
146 => '|Steve Beauchamp',
147 => '|"Frightful Halloween Bash"',
148 => '|-',
149 => '|1997–98',
150 => '|''[[Teen Angel (1997 TV series)|Teen Angel]]''',
151 => '|Steve Beauchamp',
152 => '|Lead role',
153 => '|-',
154 => '|1998',
155 => '|''[[Touched by an Angel]]''',
156 => '|Greg Banks',
157 => '|"Last Dance"',
158 => '|-',
159 => '|1998',
160 => '|''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]''',
161 => '|Justin Thumb',
162 => '|"Boy Was My Face Red", "Good Will Haunting"',
163 => '|-',
164 => '|2001',
165 => '|''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]''',
166 => '|Ben Jennings',
167 => '|"Alter Boys"',
168 => '|-',
169 => '|2002',
170 => '|''[[Judging Amy]]''',
171 => '|Philip Dunbar',
172 => '|"The Cook of the Money Pot"',
173 => '|-',
174 => '|2002',
175 => '|''[[Dharma & Greg]]''',
176 => '|Rick Sanderson',
177 => '|"Mission: Implausible"',
178 => '|-',
179 => '|2002',
180 => '|''[[Boston Public]]''',
181 => '|Jason Paul',
182 => '|"Chapter 42"',
183 => '|-',
184 => '|2002',
185 => '|''[[State of Grace (TV series)|State of Grace]]''',
186 => '|',
187 => '|"Episode dated 19 August 2002"',
188 => '|-',
189 => '|2002',
190 => '|''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]''',
191 => '|Petty Off. 2nd Class Pittman',
192 => '|"Dangerous Game"',
193 => '|-',
194 => '|2003',
195 => '|''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]''',
196 => '|Scott',
197 => '|"Mr. Monk Goes to Mexico"',
198 => '|-',
199 => '|2003',
200 => '|''[[Threat Matrix]]''',
201 => '|Pvt. Perry',
202 => '|"Doctor Germ"',
203 => '|-',
204 => '|2003',
205 => '|''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''',
206 => '|Corpsman Milano',
207 => '|"High Seas"',
208 => '|-',
209 => '|2003',
210 => '|''[[7th Heaven (TV series)|7th Heaven]]''',
211 => '|Griffith Miller',
212 => '|"Go Ask Alice"',
213 => '|-',
214 => '|2004',
215 => '|''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''',
216 => '|Doug',
217 => '|"Get Carter"',
218 => '|-',
219 => '|2004',
220 => '|''{{sortname|The|Division}}''',
221 => '|Ron Evans',
222 => '|"Book of Memories"',
223 => '|-',
224 => '|2004',
225 => '|''[[CSI: Miami]]''',
226 => '|Paul Abbot',
227 => '|"Crime Wave"',
228 => '|-',
229 => '|2008',
230 => '|''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]''',
231 => '|Adam Matthews',
232 => '|"The Wannabe in the Weeds"',
233 => '|-',
234 => '|2013',
235 => '|''[[Granite Flats]]''',
236 => '|Jasper Lovett',
237 => '|"The Wrong Man", "Something Dangerous"',
238 => '|}',
239 => '==References==',
240 => '<references />',
241 => '==External links==',
242 => '*{{IMDb name|0021607}}',
243 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Allred, Corbin}}',
244 => '[[Category:American male film actors]]',
245 => '[[Category:American male television actors]]',
246 => '[[Category:Latter Day Saints from California]]',
247 => '[[Category:Latter Day Saints from Utah]]',
248 => '[[Category:Male actors from Salt Lake City]]',
249 => '[[Category:1979 births]]',
250 => '',
251 => '',
252 => '{{US-screen-actor-1970s-stub}}'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf',
1 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/',
2 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/21/archives/house-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168',
4 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168',
5 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf',
6 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf',
7 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/26/nyregion/fred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html',
8 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32',
9 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html',
10 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38',
11 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45',
12 => 'https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html',
13 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241',
14 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer',
15 => 'https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html',
16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf',
17 => 'https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf',
18 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/',
19 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html',
20 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/431810-cohen-trump-directed-me-to-threaten-high-school-colleges-not-to',
21 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html',
22 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show',
23 => 'https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html',
24 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html',
25 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html',
26 => 'https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/',
27 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120',
28 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647',
29 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html',
30 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/politics/for-donald-trumps-family-an-immigrants-tale-with-2-beginnings.html',
31 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother',
32 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps',
33 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10',
34 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/07/donald-ivana-trump-divorce-prenup-marie-brenner',
35 => 'https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child',
36 => 'https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442',
37 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children',
38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115146/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man',
39 => 'https://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man',
40 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding',
41 => 'http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding',
42 => 'https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html',
43 => 'https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html',
44 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html',
45 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html',
46 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/',
47 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318',
48 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-religious-dealmaking-dividends-232277',
49 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html',
50 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html',
51 => 'https://www.christianpost.com/news/marble-collegiate-church-says-donald-trump-is-not-an-active-member-143991/',
52 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81',
53 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/18/politics/trump-has-never-sought-forgiveness/',
54 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/',
55 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170118140319/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board',
56 => 'https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/trump-campaign-announces-evangelical-executive-advisory-board',
57 => 'https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2016/june-web-only/whos-who-of-trumps-tremendous-faith-advisors.html',
58 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/politics/trump-religion-gospel/',
59 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html',
60 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html',
61 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html',
62 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc',
63 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html',
64 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html',
65 => 'https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1018068353305411584',
66 => 'https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/',
67 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fitness/exclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B',
68 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html',
69 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html',
70 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f',
71 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html',
72 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351',
73 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180501223104/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351',
74 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trumps-personal-doctor-claims-his-office-was-raided-for-trumps-records/',
75 => 'https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health',
76 => 'https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/',
77 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html',
78 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html',
79 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html',
80 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html',
81 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/',
82 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/',
83 => 'https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/',
84 => 'https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires',
85 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10',
86 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160309043101/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf',
87 => 'https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf',
88 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033902/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html',
89 => 'https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html/',
90 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/',
91 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html',
92 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html',
93 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html',
94 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html',
95 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/',
96 => 'https://apnews.com/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a',
97 => 'https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white',
98 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/',
99 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html',
100 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html',
101 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/',
102 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html',
103 => 'https://www.enquirer.com/editions/2002/09/01/loc_complex_was_troubled.html',
104 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/02/28/the-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success/',
105 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250',
106 => 'http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html',
107 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father',
108 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84',
109 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html',
110 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/business/dealbook/decades-old-questions-over-trumps-wealth-and-education.html',
111 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/us/politics/new-york-primary.html',
112 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html',
113 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html',
114 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html',
115 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss',
116 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html',
117 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc',
118 => 'https://apnews.com/7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d',
119 => 'https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/',
120 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161',
121 => 'https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/',
122 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html',
123 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/trump-residence-documents.html',
124 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128',
125 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/05/business/company-news-trump-stake-in-holiday.html',
126 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/13/business/holiday-corp-plans-restructuring.html',
127 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137',
128 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/27/business/seven-acquisitive-executives-who-made-business-1988-donald-trump-trump.html',
129 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html',
130 => 'https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/',
131 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135',
132 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-filed-bankruptcy-times/story?id=13419250',
133 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html',
134 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html',
135 => 'https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122177,00.html',
136 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132',
137 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html',
138 => 'https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/',
139 => 'https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/',
140 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html',
141 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/graphics/politics/trump-archive/docs/trump-fec-financial-disclosure-2015.pdf',
142 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/',
143 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-07-19/trump-is-richer-in-property-and-deeper-in-debt-in-new-valuation',
144 => 'https://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/donald-trump-king-clubs',
145 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2015/03/03/donald-trump-national-doral-miami-wgc/24322605/',
146 => 'https://www.golfdigest.com/story/president-trump-appears-to-still-really-like-golf-makes-11th-trip-to-course-in-eight-weeks-as-president',
147 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/how-much-time-trump-spends-trump-properties-mar-lago-n753366',
148 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real',
149 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/',
150 => 'https://autoweek.com/article/wait-theres-more/when-donald-trump-and-cadillac-joined-forces-build-most-opulent-limo-ever',
151 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/12/22/donald-trump-has-a-favorite-carmaker-and-that-might-be-a-problem/',
152 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/',
153 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html',
154 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/',
155 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/',
156 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/',
157 => 'https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/282008-trump-brags-about-winning-record-in-lawsuits',
158 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/27/business/banks-approve-loans-for-trump-but-take-control-of-his-finances.html',
159 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/donald-trump-companies-bankruptcy-atlantic-city',
160 => 'https://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-questioned-his-bankruptcies-279717',
161 => 'https://www.publicintegrity.org/2011/05/05/4478/donald-trumps-lawsuits-could-turn-conservatives-who-embrace-tort-reform',
162 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/kurtz-trump-backlash-66503',
163 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376',
164 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/',
165 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP',
166 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12',
167 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647',
168 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html',
169 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html',
170 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html',
171 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html',
172 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543',
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357 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005',
358 => 'https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2',
359 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html',
360 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760',
361 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html',
362 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html',
363 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367',
364 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html',
365 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270',
366 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html',
367 => 'https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/',
368 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125',
369 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665',
370 => 'https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf',
371 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070',
372 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html',
373 => 'https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/',
374 => 'https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/',
375 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1',
376 => 'https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office',
377 => 'https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience',
378 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/08/donald-trump-experience-president/93504134/',
379 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience',
380 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/',
381 => 'http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/',
382 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/',
383 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/',
384 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/',
385 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/',
386 => 'https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11',
387 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/',
388 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html',
389 => 'https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/',
390 => 'https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632',
391 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election#',
392 => 'https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election',
393 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/',
394 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank',
395 => 'https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary',
396 => 'https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00580100/1312481/',
397 => 'https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288',
398 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html',
399 => 'https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair',
400 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html',
401 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html',
402 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/',
403 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html',
404 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508',
405 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538',
406 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/',
407 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html',
408 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs',
409 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/',
410 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC',
411 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html',
412 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html',
413 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate',
414 => 'https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment',
415 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world',
416 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/09/politics/g7-trump-climate-change/index.html',
417 => 'https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/',
418 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html',
419 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6',
420 => 'https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years',
421 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html',
422 => 'https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284',
423 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html',
424 => 'https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling',
425 => 'https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/',
426 => 'https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress',
427 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/paul-ryan-obamacare-repeal-and-replace/index.html',
428 => 'https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal',
429 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/27/politics/health-care-debate-thursday/index.html',
430 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664',
431 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751',
432 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225',
433 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html',
434 => 'https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate',
435 => 'https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/',
436 => '//doi.org/10.1377%2Fhblog20171220.323429',
437 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/',
438 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/',
439 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/',
440 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html',
441 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301',
442 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705',
443 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights',
444 => 'https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights',
445 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/',
446 => 'https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana',
447 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/',
448 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html',
449 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture',
450 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410',
451 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269',
452 => 'https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807',
453 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution',
454 => 'https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/',
455 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/',
456 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/',
457 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html',
458 => 'https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it',
459 => 'https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html',
460 => 'https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism',
461 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html',
462 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153',
463 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/',
464 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump',
465 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html',
466 => 'https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general',
467 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html',
468 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216',
469 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html',
470 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html',
471 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N',
472 => 'https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html',
473 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela',
474 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY',
475 => 'https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html',
476 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/us/politics/trump-daca-dreamers-immigration.html',
477 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/05/politics/daca-trump-congress/index.html',
478 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/05/politics/daca-deadline-march-5-passing-immigration-courts/index.html',
479 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/06/politics/daca-trump-states-lawsuits/index.html',
480 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/us/daca-dreamers-trump.html',
481 => 'https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place',
482 => 'https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation',
483 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756',
484 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/',
485 => 'http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/',
486 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/',
487 => 'https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/',
488 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html',
489 => 'https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/',
490 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701',
491 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html',
492 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html',
493 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html',
494 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways',
495 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html',
496 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html',
497 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party',
498 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/',
499 => 'https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237',
500 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-trump-globalism/trump-calls-on-nations-to-reject-globalism-embrace-nationalism-idUSKBN1W91XP',
501 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/',
502 => 'https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy',
503 => 'https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381',
504 => 'https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441',
505 => 'https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/',
506 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html',
507 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns',
508 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html',
509 => 'https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/',
510 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html',
511 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/',
512 => 'https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e',
513 => 'https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump',
514 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605',
515 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413',
516 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime',
517 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html',
518 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811',
519 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump',
520 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html',
521 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html',
522 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html',
523 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381',
524 => 'https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874',
525 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180',
526 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html',
527 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html',
528 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU',
529 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr',
530 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html',
531 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052',
532 => 'https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html',
533 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy',
534 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418',
535 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286',
536 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html',
537 => 'http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism',
538 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html',
539 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926',
540 => 'https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran',
541 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e',
542 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice',
543 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253',
544 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions',
545 => 'https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif',
546 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0',
547 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons',
548 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states',
549 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts',
550 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126',
551 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack',
552 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html',
553 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran',
554 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181',
555 => 'https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757',
556 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/world/europe/pope-trump-vatican-meet.html',
557 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/trumps-first-foreign-trip/trump-becomes-first-sitting-u-s-president-visit-western-wall-n762891',
558 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-wall-idUSKBN18I1V6',
559 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/trump-israel-western-wall/',
560 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973',
561 => 'https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html',
562 => 'https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E',
563 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html',
564 => 'https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/',
565 => 'https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights',
566 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO',
567 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/',
568 => 'https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/',
569 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/04/25/716032871/visas-are-the-newest-weapon-in-u-s-china-rivalry',
570 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/trade-war-china-responds-to-us-after-claim-of-being-a-currency-manipulator.html',
571 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/a3062586-a9ac-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04',
572 => 'https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be',
573 => 'https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html',
574 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/',
575 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/asia/north-korea-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-test/index.html',
576 => 'https://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/new-north-korean-icbm',
577 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-escalates-rhetoric-on-threat-from-north-korea/2017/08/10/ff49e018-7ded-11e7-83c7-5bd5460f0d7e_story.html',
578 => 'https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-08-10/north-korea-details-plan-to-fire-missile-salvo-toward-guam',
579 => 'https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump',
580 => 'https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-united-states-america-chairman-kim-jong-un-democratic-peoples-republic-korea-singapore-summit/',
581 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html',
582 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html',
583 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-kim-vietnam-summit.html',
584 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/trump-kim-hanoi-summit-takeaways/index.html',
585 => 'https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/trump-confirms-meet-kim-dmz-190630050353219.html',
586 => 'https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/',
587 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/',
588 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/',
589 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/',
590 => 'https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/trump-putin-bromance',
591 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/',
592 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html',
593 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html',
594 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391',
595 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012',
596 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/',
597 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html',
598 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY',
599 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223',
600 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q',
601 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO',
602 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503',
603 => 'https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html',
604 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html',
605 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html',
606 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html',
607 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/',
608 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC',
609 => 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854',
610 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html',
611 => 'https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/',
612 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655',
613 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html',
614 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html',
615 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846',
616 => 'https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years',
617 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover',
618 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396',
619 => 'https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left',
620 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html',
621 => 'https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/',
622 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html',
623 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686',
624 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html',
625 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html',
626 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html',
627 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sc-gov-nikki-haley-tapped-to-be-trumps-un-ambassador/2016/11/23/c1395cb6-b144-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html',
628 => 'https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/',
629 => 'https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa',
630 => 'https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html',
631 => 'https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des',
632 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/',
633 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/',
634 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html',
635 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/09/james-comey-fbi-fired-donald-trump',
636 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-fbi-director-comey-told-him-three-times-he-wasnt-under-investigation-once-in-a-phone-call-initiated-by-the-president/2017/05/11/2b384c9a-3669-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html',
637 => 'https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing',
638 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-asked-comey-to-drop-flynn-investigation-according-to-memo-written-by-former-fbi-director-1494974774',
639 => 'https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf',
640 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html',
641 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/donald-trump-intelligence-community/index.html',
642 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336',
643 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html',
644 => 'https://www.langerresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/1193a3TrumpYearLater.pdf',
645 => 'https://news.gallup.com/poll/220742/trump-job-approval-slipped-third-quarter.aspx',
646 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/poll-trumps-performance-lags-behind-even-tepid-public-expectations/2017/11/04/35d2a912-bf4d-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html',
647 => 'https://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/26/u-s-image-suffers-as-publics-around-world-question-trumps-leadership/',
648 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/23/trump-charlottesville-polls-241917',
649 => 'https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/trump-approval-ratings/',
650 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785',
651 => 'https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/',
652 => 'https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx',
653 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/barack-and-michelle-obama-most-admired-men-women-gallup-2018-12',
654 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html',
655 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/',
656 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html',
657 => '//doi.org/10.1111%2Famet.12475',
658 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html',
659 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/',
660 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html',
661 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html',
662 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html',
663 => 'https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth,%20All%20the%20President's%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf',
664 => '//doi.org/10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996',
665 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e',
666 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose',
667 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html',
668 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days',
669 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/',
670 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/',
671 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/',
672 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/16/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/',
673 => 'https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history',
674 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race',
675 => 'https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements',
676 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html',
677 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926',
678 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC',
679 => 'https://www.apnews.com/bce2dc7a054e4541bc77e2971c1bde4e/Trump%2527s-own-words-revive-debate-over-whether-he%2527s-racist',
680 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42685356',
681 => 'https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/',
682 => 'https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/',
683 => 'https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study',
684 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434',
685 => 'https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554',
686 => 'http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him',
687 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html',
688 => 'https://www.apnews.com/728ada1e918a482c9e9b1f3e24937caa',
689 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/',
690 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832',
691 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html',
692 => '//doi.org/10.1002%2Fpolq.12737',
693 => 'https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/',
694 => 'https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438',
695 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html',
696 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html',
697 => 'https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism',
698 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark',
699 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html',
700 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci',
701 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html',
702 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll',
703 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/12/media/new-york-times-donald-trump-lawsuit-threat/',
704 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/10/13/trump-demands-nyt-retracts-libelous-article-about-alleged-assault-as-new-claims-emerge.html',
705 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html',
706 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-surrogates-have-their-own-baggage-women-voters-n673056',
707 => 'https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/10/14/more-women-accuse-donald-trump-aggressive-sexual-behavior/Dq1F8bLwre4dOAgEeFazxN/story.html',
708 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/09/us-election-donald-trump-calls-republican-leaders-traitors-and-h/',
709 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116',
710 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html',
711 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161009190958/https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html',
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725 => 'https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/',
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730 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press',
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733 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html',
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735 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html',
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740 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html',
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743 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/',
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748 => 'https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/',
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751 => 'https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499',
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753 => 'https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/',
754 => 'http://www.walkoffame.com/donald-trump',
755 => 'http://www.wwe.com/videos/donald-trump-cements-his-wwe-legacy-2013-wwe-hall-of-fame-induction-ceremony',
756 => 'http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182',
757 => 'http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=234393',
758 => 'https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/',
759 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-35054360',
760 => 'https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/',
761 => 'https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685',
762 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a',
763 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/',
764 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html',
765 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html',
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774 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D',
775 => 'https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a',
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777 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html',
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788 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106',
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791 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html',
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793 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/',
794 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/',
795 => 'https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html',
796 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html',
797 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100',
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807 => 'https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/mueller-report-says-messaging-apps-likely-destroyed-trump-russia-evidence',
808 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/mueller/590467/',
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810 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/trump-campaign-won-t-commit-staying-away-hacked-material-n998156',
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820 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950',
821 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html',
822 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/us/politics/roger-stone-trial-guilty.html',
823 => 'https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html',
824 => 'https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html',
825 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html',
826 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html',
827 => 'https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go',
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829 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html',
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833 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768',
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842 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/25/judge-orders-release-of-mueller-material-citing-impeachment-chance.html',
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846 => 'https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/',
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859 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC',
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870 => 'https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230',
871 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump',
872 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159',
873 => 'https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump',
874 => 'https://archive.org/details/trumparchive',
875 => 'https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump'
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0 => 'https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf',
1 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/',
2 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/21/archives/house-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168',
4 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168',
5 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf',
6 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf',
7 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/26/nyregion/fred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html',
8 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32',
9 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html',
10 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38',
11 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45',
12 => 'https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html',
13 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241',
14 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer',
15 => 'https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html',
16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf',
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18 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/',
19 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html',
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21 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html',
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23 => 'https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html',
24 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html',
25 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html',
26 => 'https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/',
27 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120',
28 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647',
29 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html',
30 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/politics/for-donald-trumps-family-an-immigrants-tale-with-2-beginnings.html',
31 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother',
32 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps',
33 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10',
34 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/07/donald-ivana-trump-divorce-prenup-marie-brenner',
35 => 'https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child',
36 => 'https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442',
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38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115146/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man',
39 => 'https://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25943197_1_trump-wedding-marla-maples-richest-man',
40 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding',
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42 => 'https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html',
43 => 'https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html',
44 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html',
45 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html',
46 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/',
47 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318',
48 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-religious-dealmaking-dividends-232277',
49 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html',
50 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html',
51 => 'https://www.christianpost.com/news/marble-collegiate-church-says-donald-trump-is-not-an-active-member-143991/',
52 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81',
53 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/18/politics/trump-has-never-sought-forgiveness/',
54 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/',
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57 => 'https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2016/june-web-only/whos-who-of-trumps-tremendous-faith-advisors.html',
58 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/politics/trump-religion-gospel/',
59 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html',
60 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html',
61 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html',
62 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc',
63 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html',
64 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html',
65 => 'https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1018068353305411584',
66 => 'https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/',
67 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fitness/exclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B',
68 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html',
69 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html',
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72 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351',
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77 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html',
78 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html',
79 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html',
80 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html',
81 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/',
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84 => 'https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires',
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90 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/',
91 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html',
92 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html',
93 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html',
94 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html',
95 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/',
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98 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/',
99 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html',
100 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html',
101 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/',
102 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html',
103 => 'https://www.enquirer.com/editions/2002/09/01/loc_complex_was_troubled.html',
104 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/02/28/the-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success/',
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106 => 'http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html',
107 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father',
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110 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/business/dealbook/decades-old-questions-over-trumps-wealth-and-education.html',
111 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/us/politics/new-york-primary.html',
112 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html',
113 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html',
114 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html',
115 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss',
116 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html',
117 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc',
118 => 'https://apnews.com/7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d',
119 => 'https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/',
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122 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html',
123 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/31/us/trump-residence-documents.html',
124 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128',
125 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/05/business/company-news-trump-stake-in-holiday.html',
126 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/13/business/holiday-corp-plans-restructuring.html',
127 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137',
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133 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html',
134 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html',
135 => 'https://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122177,00.html',
136 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132',
137 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html',
138 => 'https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/',
139 => 'https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/',
140 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html',
141 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/graphics/politics/trump-archive/docs/trump-fec-financial-disclosure-2015.pdf',
142 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/',
143 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-07-19/trump-is-richer-in-property-and-deeper-in-debt-in-new-valuation',
144 => 'https://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/donald-trump-king-clubs',
145 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2015/03/03/donald-trump-national-doral-miami-wgc/24322605/',
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147 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/how-much-time-trump-spends-trump-properties-mar-lago-n753366',
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149 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/',
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153 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html',
154 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/',
155 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/',
156 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/',
157 => 'https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/282008-trump-brags-about-winning-record-in-lawsuits',
158 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/27/business/banks-approve-loans-for-trump-but-take-control-of-his-finances.html',
159 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/06/donald-trump-companies-bankruptcy-atlantic-city',
160 => 'https://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-questioned-his-bankruptcies-279717',
161 => 'https://www.publicintegrity.org/2011/05/05/4478/donald-trumps-lawsuits-could-turn-conservatives-who-embrace-tort-reform',
162 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/kurtz-trump-backlash-66503',
163 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376',
164 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/',
165 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP',
166 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12',
167 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647',
168 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html',
169 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html',
170 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html',
171 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html',
172 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543',
173 => 'https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal',
174 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/',
175 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498',
176 => 'https://time.com/3988970/donald-trump-business/',
177 => 'https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience',
178 => 'https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/',
179 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html',
180 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801',
181 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html',
182 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html',
183 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/',
184 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html',
185 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9',
186 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html',
187 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/',
188 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think',
189 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710',
190 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal',
191 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html',
192 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/ny-court-refuses-to-dismi_b_9358360.html',
193 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/',
194 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/',
195 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html',
196 => 'https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents',
197 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html',
198 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-orders-release-of-internal-trump-university-documents/2016/05/28/2e960e5e-24f9-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html',
199 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html',
200 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-is-in-advanced-talks-to-settle-trump-university-fraud-allegations-1479488654',
201 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/11/19/president-elect-hints-he-might-not-have-settled-if-he-werent-get-ready-for-his-inauguration/94123452/',
202 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/donald-trump-nearing-settlement-trump-university-fraud-case-article-1.2878780',
203 => 'https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773',
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318 => 'https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops',
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325 => 'https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/',
326 => 'https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/',
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330 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658',
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351 => 'https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf',
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357 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005',
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366 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html',
367 => 'https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/',
368 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125',
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372 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html',
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376 => 'https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office',
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379 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience',
380 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/',
381 => 'http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/',
382 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/',
383 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/',
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386 => 'https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11',
387 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/',
388 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html',
389 => 'https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/',
390 => 'https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632',
391 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election#',
392 => 'https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election',
393 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/',
394 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank',
395 => 'https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary',
396 => 'https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00580100/1312481/',
397 => 'https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288',
398 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html',
399 => 'https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair',
400 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html',
401 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html',
402 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/',
403 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html',
404 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508',
405 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538',
406 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/',
407 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html',
408 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs',
409 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/',
410 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC',
411 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html',
412 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html',
413 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate',
414 => 'https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment',
415 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world',
416 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/09/politics/g7-trump-climate-change/index.html',
417 => 'https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/',
418 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html',
419 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6',
420 => 'https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years',
421 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html',
422 => 'https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284',
423 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html',
424 => 'https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling',
425 => 'https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/',
426 => 'https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress',
427 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/10/politics/paul-ryan-obamacare-repeal-and-replace/index.html',
428 => 'https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal',
429 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/27/politics/health-care-debate-thursday/index.html',
430 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664',
431 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751',
432 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225',
433 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html',
434 => 'https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate',
435 => 'https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/',
436 => '//doi.org/10.1377%2Fhblog20171220.323429',
437 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/',
438 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/',
439 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/',
440 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html',
441 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301',
442 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705',
443 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights',
444 => 'https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights',
445 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/',
446 => 'https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana',
447 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/',
448 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html',
449 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture',
450 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410',
451 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269',
452 => 'https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807',
453 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution',
454 => 'https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/',
455 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/',
456 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/',
457 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html',
458 => 'https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it',
459 => 'https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html',
460 => 'https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism',
461 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html',
462 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153',
463 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/',
464 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump',
465 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html',
466 => 'https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general',
467 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html',
468 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216',
469 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html',
470 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html',
471 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N',
472 => 'https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html',
473 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela',
474 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY',
475 => 'https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html',
476 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/us/politics/trump-daca-dreamers-immigration.html',
477 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/05/politics/daca-trump-congress/index.html',
478 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/05/politics/daca-deadline-march-5-passing-immigration-courts/index.html',
479 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/06/politics/daca-trump-states-lawsuits/index.html',
480 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/us/daca-dreamers-trump.html',
481 => 'https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place',
482 => 'https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation',
483 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756',
484 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/',
485 => 'http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/',
486 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/',
487 => 'https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/',
488 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html',
489 => 'https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/',
490 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701',
491 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html',
492 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html',
493 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html',
494 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways',
495 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html',
496 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html',
497 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party',
498 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/',
499 => 'https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237',
500 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-trump-globalism/trump-calls-on-nations-to-reject-globalism-embrace-nationalism-idUSKBN1W91XP',
501 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/',
502 => 'https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy',
503 => 'https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381',
504 => 'https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441',
505 => 'https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/',
506 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html',
507 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns',
508 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html',
509 => 'https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/',
510 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html',
511 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/',
512 => 'https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e',
513 => 'https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump',
514 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605',
515 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413',
516 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime',
517 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html',
518 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811',
519 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump',
520 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html',
521 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html',
522 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html',
523 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381',
524 => 'https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874',
525 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180',
526 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html',
527 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html',
528 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU',
529 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr',
530 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html',
531 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052',
532 => 'https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html',
533 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy',
534 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418',
535 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286',
536 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html',
537 => 'http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism',
538 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html',
539 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926',
540 => 'https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran',
541 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e',
542 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice',
543 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253',
544 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions',
545 => 'https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif',
546 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0',
547 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons',
548 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states',
549 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts',
550 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126',
551 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack',
552 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html',
553 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran',
554 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181',
555 => 'https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757',
556 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/world/europe/pope-trump-vatican-meet.html',
557 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/trumps-first-foreign-trip/trump-becomes-first-sitting-u-s-president-visit-western-wall-n762891',
558 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-wall-idUSKBN18I1V6',
559 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/trump-israel-western-wall/',
560 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973',
561 => 'https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html',
562 => 'https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E',
563 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html',
564 => 'https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/',
565 => 'https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights',
566 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO',
567 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/',
568 => 'https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/',
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602 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503',
603 => 'https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html',
604 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html',
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607 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/',
608 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC',
609 => 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854',
610 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html',
611 => 'https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/',
612 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655',
613 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html',
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620 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html',
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628 => 'https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/',
629 => 'https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa',
630 => 'https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html',
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632 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/',
633 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/',
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643 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html',
644 => 'https://www.langerresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/1193a3TrumpYearLater.pdf',
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647 => 'https://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/26/u-s-image-suffers-as-publics-around-world-question-trumps-leadership/',
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650 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785',
651 => 'https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/',
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657 => '//doi.org/10.1111%2Famet.12475',
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659 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/',
660 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html',
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662 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html',
663 => 'https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth,%20All%20the%20President's%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf',
664 => '//doi.org/10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996',
665 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e',
666 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose',
667 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html',
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673 => 'https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history',
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679 => 'https://www.apnews.com/bce2dc7a054e4541bc77e2971c1bde4e/Trump%2527s-own-words-revive-debate-over-whether-he%2527s-racist',
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681 => 'https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/',
682 => 'https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/',
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684 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434',
685 => 'https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554',
686 => 'http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him',
687 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html',
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690 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832',
691 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html',
692 => '//doi.org/10.1002%2Fpolq.12737',
693 => 'https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/',
694 => 'https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438',
695 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html',
696 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html',
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699 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html',
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701 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html',
702 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll',
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712 => 'https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html',
713 => 'https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach',
714 => 'https://fox59.com/2016/10/08/pence-to-fill-in-for-donald-trump-saturday-following-video-leak/',
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716 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/',
717 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-growing-list-of-women-who-have-stepped-forward-to-accuse-trump-of-touching-them-inappropriately/2016/10/15/a65ddf1c-92df-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html',
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725 => 'https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/',
726 => 'https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana',
727 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso',
728 => 'https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo',
729 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889',
730 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press',
731 => 'https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/',
732 => 'https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology',
733 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html',
734 => 'https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/',
735 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html',
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737 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html',
738 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one',
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740 => 'https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html',
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">45th president of the United States</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">Corbin Allred</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" class="image" title="Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin."><img alt="Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2850" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">45th <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><div style="width:100%; margin:0; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 20, 2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Donald John Trump</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-06-14</span>) </span>June 14, 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Political party</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (until 1987, 2001–2009)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a> (1999–2001)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2011–2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivana Zelníčková">Ivana Zelníčková</a><br />(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="April 7, 1977" class="rt-commentedText">1977</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <span title="March 22, 1992" class="rt-commentedText">1992</span>)</div></li>
<li><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a><br />(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="December 20, 1993" class="rt-commentedText">1993</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <span title="June 8, 1999" class="rt-commentedText">1999</span>)</div></li>
<li><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Knauss</a> (<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="January 22, 2005" class="rt-commentedText">2005</span>)</div></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Children</th><td><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barron_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Parents</th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Anne MacLeod">Mary Anne MacLeod</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Relatives</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Trump family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Residence</th><td class="label"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> (official)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> (personal)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Full list</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">The Wharton School</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Econ.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Net worth</th><td>US$3.1 billion (March 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Awards</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">List of honors and awards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Signature</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Signature.svg" class="image" title="Corbin Allred's signature"><img alt="Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/128px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="59" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/192px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/256px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="126" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donaldjtrump.com">Official website</a></span></li>
<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump">White House website</a></span></li>
<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/POTUS">Presidential Twitter</a></span></li>
<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump">Personal Twitter</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Nickname(s)</th><td>"The Donald"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr>
<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="2096" /></a></td>
<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><div style="font-size:85%; line-height:normal;"><span style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump"><span style="color: #FFF">Donald Trump</span></a></span></span></td>
</tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em;">
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States"><span style="color:#000">President of the United States</span></a></div>
<div style="color:#71531C;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Incumbent</div>
</div>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">pardons</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Trips
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)">2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Summits
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Shutdowns
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">Jan 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Polls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barisha_raid" title="Barisha raid">Baghdadi death</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike" title="2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike">Soleimani death</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Appointments</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">formation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Federal judges</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">migrant detentions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">national emergency</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">Early efforts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">Inquiry and hearings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Senate trial</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">people</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">sexual misconduct allegations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> tape</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></div>
<hr />
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Controversies involving Russia</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects in Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Election interference</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">timeline until July 2016</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections_(July_2016%E2%80%93election_day)" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016–election day)">July 2016–election day</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">transition period</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Threaded_timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Threaded timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">threads</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Associates' links with Russian officials</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Russia_dossier" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump–Russia dossier">Steele dossier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Special Counsel investigation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">charges</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Timeline
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">transition period</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">Jan–Jun 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">Jul–Dec 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">Jan–Jun 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">Jul–Dec 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2019%E2%80%932020)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019–2020)">2019–2020</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></div>
<hr />
<div class="mw-collapsible" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Business and personal</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)"><i>The Apprentice</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">Eponyms</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">Honors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">Social media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity</a></li></ul>
</div></div>
<hr />
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump's signature"><img alt="Donald Trump's signature" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/150px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="69" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/225px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/300px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="126" /></a><br />
</p>
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<p><b>Donald John Trump</b> (born June 14, 1946) is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#Presidents" title="List of presidents of the United States">45th</a> and current <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.
</p><p>Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, and received a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in economics from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wharton_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School">Wharton School</a>. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a>, and expanded its operations from Queens and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> into <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trump_Organization#Other_ventures_and_investments" title="The Trump Organization">various side ventures</a>, mostly by licensing his name. He owned the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_USA" title="Miss USA">Miss USA</a> beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and produced and hosted <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> show, from 2003 to 2015. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump entered the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential race</a> as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> and defeated 16 other candidates in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">His political positions</a> have been described as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>. Despite being disfavored in most forecasts, he was elected in a surprise victory over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, although he lost the popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-electoral-college_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electoral-college-3">[b]</a></sup> He became the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of presidents of the United States by age">oldest first-term U.S. president</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[c]</a></sup> and the first without <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience">prior military or government service</a>. His election and policies have sparked <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">numerous protests</a>. Trump has made <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">many false or misleading statements</a> during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fact-checker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact-checker">fact-checkers</a>, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics. Many of his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">comments and actions</a> have also been characterized as racially charged or racist.
</p><p>During <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">his presidency</a>, Trump <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">ordered a travel ban</a> on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a>, the Supreme Court upheld <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Proclamation 9645">the policy's third revision</a>. He enacted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">a tax-cut package</a> for individuals and businesses, rescinding the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Individual_shared_responsibility_provision" title="Individual shared responsibility provision">individual health insurance mandate</a>. He appointed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a> agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> trade negotiations, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> on climate change, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a>, eventually <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Persian_Gulf_crisis" title="2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis">increasing tensions</a> with the country. He <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">imposed import tariffs</a> triggering <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">a trade war with China</a>, and attempted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">negotiations with North Korea</a> toward their <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denuclearization" class="mw-redirect" title="Denuclearization">denuclearization</a>.
</p><p>A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">special counsel investigation</a> led by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">found</a> that Trump and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">his campaign</a> welcomed and encouraged <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian foreign interference</a> in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal)" title="Conspiracy (criminal)">criminal conspiracy</a> or coordination<sup id="cite_ref-coordination_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coordination-5">[d]</a></sup> with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>, and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that score.
</p><p>A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">2019 House impeachment inquiry</a> found that Trump solicited <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections">foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Ukraine</a> to help his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">re-election bid</a>, and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The inquiry reported that he withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to publicly announce investigations into his political rivals. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Trump was impeached</a> by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> on December 18, 2019, for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obstruction_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of Congress">obstruction of Congress</a>. He is the third<sup id="cite_ref-third_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-third-7">[e]</a></sup> impeached U.S. president in history.
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Family_and_personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Family and personal life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life_and_education"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Family"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Health_and_lifestyle"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Health and lifestyle</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Wealth"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Wealth</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Business_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Business career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Real_estate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Real estate</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Manhattan_developments"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Manhattan developments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Palm_Beach_estate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Palm Beach estate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Atlantic_City_casinos"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Atlantic City casinos</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Golf_courses"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Golf courses</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Branding_and_licensing"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Branding and licensing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Lawsuits_and_bankruptcies"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lawsuits and bankruptcies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Side_ventures"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Side ventures</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Trump_University"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Trump University</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Foundation"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Foundation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Conflicts_of_interest"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Conflicts of interest</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Media_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Media career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#WWE"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">WWE</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#The_Apprentice"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>The Apprentice</i></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Acting"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Acting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Talk_shows"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Talk shows</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Political_career"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Political career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Political_activities_up_to_2015"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political activities up to 2015</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#2000_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">2000 presidential campaign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#2012_presidential_speculation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">2012 presidential speculation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#2013–2015"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">2013–2015</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#2016_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">2016 presidential campaign</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Republican_primaries"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Republican primaries</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#General_election_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">General election campaign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Political_positions"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Political positions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Campaign_rhetoric"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign rhetoric</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Support_from_the_far_right"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Support from the far right</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Financial_disclosures"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Financial disclosures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Election_to_the_presidency"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Election to the presidency</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Protests"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protests</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#2020_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">2020 presidential campaign</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Presidency"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Presidency</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Early_actions"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early actions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Domestic_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Domestic policy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-43"><a href="#Economy_and_trade"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economy and trade</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="#Energy_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Energy and climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-45"><a href="#Government_size_and_deregulation"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Government size and deregulation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Social_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Social issues</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Immigration"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Immigration</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="#Travel_ban"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel ban</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#DACA"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">DACA</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-51"><a href="#Family_separation_at_border"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Family separation at border</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-52"><a href="#2018–2019_federal_government_shutdown"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Foreign_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#ISIS_and_war"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">ISIS and war</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-56"><a href="#Israel"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Israel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-57"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#North_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">North Korea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Russia"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Russia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#Cuba"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Cuba</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Venezuela"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Venezuela</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-62"><a href="#NATO"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.9</span> <span class="toctext">NATO</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Personnel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Dismissal_of_James_Comey"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Dismissal of James Comey</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-65"><a href="#Public_profile"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Public profile</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#Approval_ratings"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Approval ratings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67"><a href="#False_statements"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">False statements</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-68"><a href="#Racial_views"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Racial views</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Allegations_of_sexual_misconduct"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations of sexual misconduct</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-70"><a href="#Allegations_of_inciting_violence"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations of inciting violence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-71"><a href="#Relationship_with_the_press"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship with the press</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72"><a href="#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-73"><a href="#Social_media"><span class="tocnumber">6.8</span> <span class="toctext">Social media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-74"><a href="#Recognition"><span class="tocnumber">6.9</span> <span class="toctext">Recognition</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-75"><a href="#Investigations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Investigations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#Hush_payments"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hush payments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Russian_interference"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Russian interference</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78"><a href="#Special_counsel_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Special counsel investigation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-79"><a href="#Associates"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Associates</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-80"><a href="#2019_congressional_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">2019 congressional investigation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-81"><a href="#Impeachment"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-82"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-83"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-84"><a href="#Works_cited"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Works cited</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-85"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-86"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_and_personal_life">Family and personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family and personal life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/170px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/255px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/340px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1964 yearbook photo</div></div></div>
<p>Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at the Jamaica Hospital in the borough of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth_Certificate-8">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth_Certificate_2-9">[4]</a></sup> His father was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_Christ_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Christ Trump">Frederick Christ Trump</a>, a Bronx-born real estate developer, whose own parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife and socialite <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump" title="Mary Anne MacLeod Trump">Mary Anne MacLeod Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[5]</a></sup> Trump grew up in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Estates,_Queens" title="Jamaica Estates, Queens">Jamaica Estates</a> neighborhood of Queens, and attended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kew-Forest_School" title="Kew-Forest School">Kew-Forest School</a> from kindergarten through seventh grade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]-11">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[7]</a></sup> At age 13, he was enrolled in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Military_Academy" title="New York Military Academy">New York Military Academy</a>, a private boarding school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-13">[8]</a></sup>
In 1964, Trump enrolled at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA45_45]_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA45_45]-14">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-15">[10]</a></sup> Two years later he transferred to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-15">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA241_241]_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA241_241]-16">[11]</a></sup> While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[12]</a></sup> graduating in May 1968 with a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> in economics.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-15">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[14]</a></sup> Profiles of Trump published in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton. However, he had never made the school's honor roll.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a></sup> In 2015 Trump's lawyer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>While in college, Trump obtained four student <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a> deferments.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-defer_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defer-24">[19]</a></sup> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a></sup> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified <span class="nowrap">1-Y</span> (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<sup id="cite_ref-Whitlock21July_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21July-26">[21]</a></sup> Trump said in 2015 that the medical deferment was due to a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bone_spur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone spur">bone spur</a> in a foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted; his presidential campaign stated that the spurs were in both heels, a minor issue expected to be temporary.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitlock21July_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21July-26">[21]</a></sup> In 1972, he was reclassified <span class="nowrap">4-F</span>, which permanently disqualified him from service.<sup id="cite_ref-SE_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE-27">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-emery_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emery-28">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Family">Family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_family" title="Trump family">Trump family</a></div>
<p>Trump's father, Fred, was born in 1905 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>. He started working with his mother in real estate when he was 15. Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair1-29">[24]</a></sup> was active in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">New York boroughs</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-dad_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dad-30">[25]</a></sup> In spite of his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German ancestry</a>, Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">anti-German sentiment</a> sparked by World War II;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b159_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b159-31">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_Swedish_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Swedish-32">[27]</a></sup> Trump repeated this claim until the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_Swedish_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Swedish-32">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a></sup> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-Pilon_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilon-34">[29]</a></sup> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-Pilon_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilon-34">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a></sup> Trump grew up with three elder siblings – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry" title="Maryanne Trump Barry">Maryanne</a>, Fred Jr., and Elizabeth – and younger brother Robert.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/220px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/330px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/440px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="531" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Trump is sworn in</a> as president by Chief Justice <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> on January 20, 2017: Trump, his wife <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania</a>, and his children <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barron_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In 1977, Trump married <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> model <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivana Zelníčková">Ivana Zelníčková</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300-37">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a></sup> They have three children, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a> (born 1977), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a> (born 1981), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a> (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a></sup> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a></sup> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a></sup> Maples and Trump married in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a></sup> and had one daughter, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a> (born 1993).<sup id="cite_ref-Slate07202016_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate07202016-44">[39]</a></sup> They were divorced in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a></sup> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20161002_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20161002-46">[41]</a></sup> In 2005, Trump married <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> model <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Knauss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Post52208_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post52208-47">[42]</a></sup> They have one son, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barron_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a> (born 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a></sup> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Trump is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a></sup> As a child, he attended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_in_Jamaica" title="First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica">First Presbyterian Church</a> in Jamaica, Queens, where he had his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-51">[46]</a></sup> In the 1970s, his parents joined the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marble_Collegiate_Church" title="Marble Collegiate Church">Marble Collegiate Church</a> in Manhattan,<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo.March.18.17_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo.March.18.17-52">[47]</a></sup> part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Post_20150828_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Post_20150828-53">[48]</a></sup> The pastor at Marble, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norman_Vincent_Peale" title="Norman Vincent Peale">Norman Vincent Peale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-51">[46]</a></sup> ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA81_81]_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA81_81]-54">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WaPo.March.18.17_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo.March.18.17-52">[47]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump says he is "not sure" whether he ever asked God for forgiveness: "If I do something wrong, I just try and make it right. I don't bring God into that picture." He tries to take <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a> as often as possible because it makes him "feel cleansed".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55">[50]</a></sup> While campaigning, Trump referred to <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Art of the Deal">The Art of the Deal</a></i> as his second favorite book saying, "Nothing beats the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Weigel11Aug_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigel11Aug-56">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2015, Trump's campaign released a list of religious advisers, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">James Dobson</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Jr." title="Jerry Falwell Jr.">Jerry Falwell Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Ralph Reed</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Jeffress" title="Robert Jeffress">Robert Jeffress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a></sup>
In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, controversial televangelist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paula_White" title="Paula White">Paula White</a>, to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_and_lifestyle">Health and lifestyle</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Health and lifestyle">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Trump <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">abstains from alcohol</a>, a reaction to his older brother Fred Trump Jr.'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> and early death,<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesalc_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesalc-62">[57]</a></sup> and says he has never smoked cigarettes or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a></sup> He likes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a></sup> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a></sup> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise",<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a></sup> although he usually does not walk the course.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a></sup> He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2015, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Bornstein" title="Harold Bornstein">Harold Bornstein</a>, who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a></sup> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump himself had dictated the contents of the letter,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a></sup> and that Trump's representatives had taken away his medical records in February 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Schechter_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schechter-73">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2018, White House physician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">Ronny Jackson</a> said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a></sup> although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-time-20180117_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-20180117-76">[71]</a></sup> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">LDL cholesterol</a> level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-20180117_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20180117-77">[72]</a></sup> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sean_Conley" title="Sean Conley">Sean Conley</a> said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obese" class="mw-redirect" title="Obese">obese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obese_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obese-78">[73]</a></sup> His 2019 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coronary_CT_calcium_scan" title="Coronary CT calcium scan">coronary CT calcium scan</a> score indicates he suffers from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>, which is common for white men at his age.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wealth">Wealth</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wealth">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">Wealth of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">Tax returns of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien2005Oct_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien2005Oct-80">[75]</a></sup> In its 2019 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaires</a> ranking, <i>Forbes</i> estimated Trump's net worth at $3.1 billion<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup> (715th in the world, 259th in the U.S.)<sup id="cite_ref-forbes-2019-billionaires_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-2019-billionaires-83">[78]</a></sup> making him one of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_richest_American_politicians" title="List of richest American politicians">richest politicians in American history</a> and the first billionaire American president.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes-2019-billionaires_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-2019-billionaires-83">[78]</a></sup> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a></sup> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Elections_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Elections Commission">Federal Elections Commission</a> (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<sup id="cite_ref-financial-pr_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-financial-pr-85">[80]</a></sup> however FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_News_FEC_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News_FEC-86">[81]</a></sup> Trump stated in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2885" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">Fahd of Saudi Arabia</a>, U.S. president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, and his first wife <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana Trump</a> in 1985</div></div></div>
<p>Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using a pseudonym "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pseudonyms_of_Donald_Trump" title="Pseudonyms of Donald Trump">John Barron</a>", called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes 400</a> list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that <i>Forbes</i> had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<sup id="cite_ref-small-loan_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small-loan-89">[84]</a></sup> In October 2018, <i>The New York Times</i> reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-takeaways_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takeaways-90">[85]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tax_Schemes_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-91">[86]</a></sup> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP2018-12-16_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2018-12-16-93">[88]</a></sup> Analyses by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<sup id="cite_ref-econ_From_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econ_From-94">[89]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a></sup> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. <i>The New York Times</i> reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991 – more than $250 million each year – were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Buettner-190508_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buettner-190508-97">[92]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friedersdorf-190508_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-190508-98">[93]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Business_career">Business career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Business career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Real_estate">Real estate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Real estate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/170px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/255px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/340px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Distinctive façade of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, headquarters of the Trump Organization, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a></div></div></div>
<p>Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946-99">[94]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahler_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-100">[95]</a></sup> He assisted his father in the attempted turnaround of the troubled Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio, which the elder Trump had bought at foreclosure in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mk_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mk-102">[97]</a></sup> In 1971, when his father promoted him to president of the family company, he renamed it <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]-103">[98]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mk_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mk-102">[97]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Manhattan_developments">Manhattan developments</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Manhattan developments">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_New_York" title="Grand Hyatt New York">Commodore Hotel</a>, adjacent to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a></sup> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler160303_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler160303-105">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]-106">[101]</a></sup> The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35-107">[102]</a></sup> and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use</a> skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wdc150915_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdc150915-109">[104]</a></sup> That building was formerly Trump's primary residence and now houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-TrumpTowerResidence_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpTowerResidence-110">[105]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TrumpTowerResidence1_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpTowerResidence1-111">[106]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1988, Trump acquired the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a> in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a></sup> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-19950412_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19950412-113">[108]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a>. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82-115">[110]</a></sup> In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a 70-acre (28 ha) tract in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a> neighborhood near the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a>. Trump temporarily retained a partial stake in an adjacent site along with other investors.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Palm_Beach_estate">Palm Beach estate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Palm Beach estate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/220px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/330px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/440px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="335" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mar-a-Lago in 2009</div></div></div>
<p>In 1985, Trump acquired the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> estate in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="Palm Beach, Florida">Palm Beach, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CP-W_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-W-117">[112]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APNews_3-29-1988_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNews_3-29-1988-118">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-town&countryprice_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-town&countryprice-119">[114]</a></sup> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA161_161]_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA161_161]-120">[115]</a></sup> The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-samD10-9-17_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samD10-9-17-121">[116]</a></sup> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Atlantic_City_casinos">Atlantic City casinos</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Atlantic City casinos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 1984, Trump opened <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrah%27s_at_Trump_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrah's at Trump Plaza">Harrah's at Trump Plaza</a> hotel and casino in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a> with financing from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holiday_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiday Corporation">Holiday Corporation</a>, who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58-124">[119]</a></sup> Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]-125">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crudele_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crudele-127">[122]</a></sup> Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Corporation</a> for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_Nugget_Atlantic_City" title="Golden Nugget Atlantic City">Trump Castle</a>. Trump's then-wife <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana</a> managed it until 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60-128">[123]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA137_137]_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA137_137]-129">[124]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg" class="image"><img alt="The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Entrance of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Taj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Taj Mahal">Trump Taj Mahal</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a></div></div></div>
<p>Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taj_Mahal_casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Mahal casino">Taj Mahal</a>, in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a></sup> It was financed with $675 million in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Junk_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk bonds">junk bonds</a> and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UPI9April_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI9April-132">[127]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA135_135]_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA135_135]-133">[128]</a></sup> The project went bankrupt the following year,<sup id="cite_ref-abc_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-134">[129]</a></sup> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-135">[130]</a></sup> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Shuttle" title="Trump Shuttle">Trump Shuttle</a>, and sold his 282-foot (86 m) mega yacht, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Princess" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Princess">Trump Princess</a></i>, which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hylton_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hylton-136">[131]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schneider19May_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider19May-137">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA132_132–133]_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA132_132–133]-138">[133]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1995, Trump founded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Hotels_%26_Casino_Resorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts">Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts</a> (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Majestic_Star_II" title="Majestic Star II">Trump Casino</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary, Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[134]</a></sup> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-McQuade16Aug_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McQuade16Aug-140">[135]</a></sup> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Golf_courses">Golf courses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Golf courses">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Donald Trump and golf</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/220px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/330px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/440px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="366" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turnberry_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnberry Hotel">Turnberry Hotel</a> and golf course in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>, Scotland</div></div></div>
<p>As of December 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Trump Organization owns or operates 18 golf course and golf resorts in the United States and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNMoney_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-142">[137]</a></sup> According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million,<sup id="cite_ref-Financial_2015_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financial_2015-143">[138]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn-20160519_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-20160519-144">[139]</a></sup> while his three European golf courses did not show a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-Melby19July_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melby19July-145">[140]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999; his first property was the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_(West_Palm_Beach)" title="Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)">Trump International Golf Club, West Palm Beach</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Golf2007_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golf2007-146">[141]</a></sup> By 2007, he owned four courses around the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-Golf2007_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golf2007-146">[141]</a></sup> Following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>, he began purchasing existing golf courses and re-designing them.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-147">[142]</a></sup> His use of these courses during his presidency was controversial. Despite frequently criticizing his predecessor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> for his numerous golf outings, Trump golfed eleven times during his first eight weeks in office.<sup id="cite_ref-GolfDigest2017_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GolfDigest2017-148">[143]</a></sup> He visited one of his golf resorts on 187 of his first 848 days in office, 22 percent of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Branding_and_licensing">Branding and licensing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Branding and licensing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">List of things named after Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/170px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="333" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/255px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/340px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5369" data-file-height="10531" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a> in Chicago</div></div></div>
<p>After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies.<sup id="cite_ref-NYer_Branding_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYer_Branding-150">[145]</a></sup> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (disambiguation)">hotel towers</a> owned by various developers around the world. These included projects in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)">Chicago</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas" title="Trump International Hotel Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Post_Office_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Post Office Pavilion">Washington D.C.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Ocean_Club_International_Hotel_and_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower">Panama City</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Toronto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)">Toronto</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Vancouver)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)">Vancouver</a>. There are also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Honolulu)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes-20170320_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-20170320-151">[146]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including the short-lived Cadillac Trump Series,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (November 2019)">dubious</span></a> <span class="metadata"> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talk:Corbin_Allred#Dubious" title="Talk:Corbin Allred">discuss</a></span></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-opulent_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opulent-152">[147]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-golden_series_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-golden_series-153">[148]</a></sup> foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<sup id="cite_ref-overseas_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overseas-154">[149]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neckties_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neckties-155">[150]</a></sup> According to an analysis by <i>The Washington Post</i>, there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a></sup> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<sup id="cite_ref-neckties_155-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neckties-155">[150]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lawsuits_and_bankruptcies">Lawsuits and bankruptcies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lawsuits and bankruptcies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs of Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>As of April 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450. With Trump or his company as plaintiff, more than half the cases have been against gamblers at his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a> who had failed to pay off their debts. With Trump or his company as a defendant, the most common type of case involved personal injury cases at his hotels. In cases where there was a clear resolution, Trump's side won 451 times and lost 38.<sup id="cite_ref-USATodayAnalysis_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATodayAnalysis-158">[153]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has never filed for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_bankruptcy" title="Personal bankruptcy">personal bankruptcy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a></sup> His hotel and casino businesses have been declared bankrupt six times between 1991 and 2009 in order to re-negotiate debt with banks and owners of stock and bonds.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a></sup> Because the businesses used <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter 11 bankruptcy">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a>, they were allowed to operate while negotiations proceeded. Trump was quoted by <i>Newsweek</i> in 2011 saying, "I do play with the bankruptcy laws – they're very good for me" as a tool for trimming debt.<sup id="cite_ref-publicintegrity1_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicintegrity1-163">[158]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a></sup> The six bankruptcies were the result of over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Taj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Taj Mahal">Trump Taj Mahal</a> (1991), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Plaza_Hotel_and_Casino" title="Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino">Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino</a> (1992), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a> (1992), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Castle_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Castle Hotel and Casino">Trump Castle Hotel and Casino</a> (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Entertainment_Resorts" title="Trump Entertainment Resorts">Trump Entertainment Resorts</a> (2009).<sup id="cite_ref-six_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-six-165">[160]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbes-bankruptcy_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-bankruptcy-166">[161]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-ArtOfTheSpin_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtOfTheSpin-167">[162]</a></sup> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with a notable exception of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2019, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_Oversight_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Oversight Committee">House Oversight Committee</a> issued <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a> seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a>, and his accounting firm, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mazars_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazars USA">Mazars USA</a>. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah_Cummings" title="Elijah Cummings">Elijah Cummings</a> to prevent the disclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a></sup> In May, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">DC District Court</a> judge <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amit_Mehta" title="Amit Mehta">Amit Mehta</a> ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a></sup> and judge <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edgardo_Ramos" title="Edgardo Ramos">Edgardo Ramos</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">Southern District Court of New York</a> ruled that the banks must also comply.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a></sup> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a></sup> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Side_ventures">Side ventures</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Side ventures">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jk-8-7-15_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk-8-7-15-178">[173]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 1983, Trump purchased the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals" title="New Jersey Generals">New Jersey Generals</a> – an American football team that played in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a>. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust lawsuit against the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Markazi_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markazi-179">[174]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-180">[175]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boardwalk_Hall" title="Boardwalk Hall">Atlantic City Convention Hall</a> adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Tyson_vs._Michael_Spinks" title="Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks">Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight</a> against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Spinks" title="Michael Spinks">Michael Spinks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991137_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991137-182">[177]</a></sup> In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tour_de_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Tour de Trump">Tour de Trump</a> cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> or the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d'Italia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-183">[178]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies during the late 1980s, as Wall Street saw a wave of corporate acquisitions known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leveraged_buyouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Leveraged buyouts">leveraged buyouts</a>. In some cases, these acquisitions were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Takeover#Hostile" title="Takeover">hostile takeovers</a> conducted by so-called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corporate_raider" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate raider">corporate raiders</a>. Some raiders purchased a stake in a public company with the stated but feigned intent of acquiring it, then pressured management to repurchase the stake at a profitable premium for the raider — a practice known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenmail" title="Greenmail">greenmail</a>. Some observers believed Trump was engaged in such practices, though he denied it. Analysis conducted by <i>The New York Times</i> found that Trump made millions of dollars in these stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously."<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1988, Trump founded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Shuttle" title="Trump Shuttle">Trump Shuttle</a>, purchasing 21 planes and landing rights at three airports in New York City, Boston, and the Washington, D.C., area, from the defunct <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a>, costing $380 million financed from 22 banks. The airline offered charter services in addition to scheduled shuttle flights, and was eventually sold to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USAir_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="USAir Group">USAir Group</a> in 1992 after failing to operate at a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-plane_rumour_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plane_rumour-187">[182]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/170px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/255px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/340px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2843" data-file-height="2282" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump's star on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>, installed in 2007</div></div></div>
<p>From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part of or all the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> pageants, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_USA" title="Miss USA">Miss USA</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA" title="Miss Teen USA">Miss Teen USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pageantsaleWME_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pageantsaleWME-188">[183]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a></sup> Due to disagreements with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> about scheduling, he took both pageants to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a></sup> In 2007, Trump received a star on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<sup id="cite_ref-cz160129_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cz160129-192">[187]</a></sup> In September 2015, Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization, and sold the entire company to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Morris_Endeavor" class="mw-redirect" title="William Morris Endeavor">William Morris</a> talent agency.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Trump_University">Trump University</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Trump University">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a></div>
<p>In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a> that sold real estate training courses priced at between $1,500 and $35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vf_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vf-195">[190]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt511_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt511-196">[191]</a></sup> After New York State authorities twice notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute" in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-AppealsCourt2016_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AppealsCourt2016-197">[192]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-AppealsCourt2016_197-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AppealsCourt2016-197">[192]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a></sup> In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents of the company revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<sup id="cite_ref-twofront_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twofront-199">[194]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ronald_tu_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ronald_tu-200">[195]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a></sup> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to a settlement of all three pending cases and agreed to pay a total of $25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a></sup> New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman called the settlement and payment "a stunning reversal by Donald Trump and a major victory for the over 6,000 victims of his fraudulent university".<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a></sup> Trump denied any wrongdoing.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foundation">Foundation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Foundation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Donald J. Trump Foundation</a></div>
<p>The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-208">[203]</a></sup> established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book <i>Trump: The Art of the Deal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1b_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1b-210">[205]</a></sup> The foundation's funds have mostly come from donors other than Trump, who has not given personally to the charity since 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoMissing_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoMissing-211">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p>The foundation's tax returns show that it has given to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a></sup> In 2009, for example, the foundation gave $926,750 to about forty groups, with the biggest donations going to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_Hospital_for_Children" title="Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children">Arnold Palmer Medical Center Foundation</a> ($100,000), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NewYork%E2%80%93Presbyterian_Hospital" title="NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital">NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital</a> ($125,000), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Police_Athletic_League" title="Police Athletic League">Police Athletic League</a> ($156,000), and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> ($100,000).<sup id="cite_ref-SearchingforEvid_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SearchingforEvid-213">[208]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a></sup> From 2004 to 2014, the top donors to the foundation were Vince and Linda McMahon of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a>, who donated $5 million to the foundation after Trump appeared at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WrestleMania" title="WrestleMania">WrestleMania</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoMissing_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoMissing-211">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2016, <i>The Washington Post</i> reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a></sup> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office notified the Trump Foundation that the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities, ordering it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-hit_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hit-216">[211]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a></sup> A Trump spokesman called the Attorney General's investigation a "partisan hit job".<sup id="cite_ref-hit_216-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hit-216">[211]</a></sup> In response to mounting complaints, Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Trump Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a></sup> According to an IRS filing in November 2017, the foundation intended to shut down and distribute its assets (about $970,000) to other charities. However, the New York Attorney General's office had to complete their ongoing investigation before the foundation could legally shut down,<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a></sup> and in June 2018 they filed a civil suit against the foundation for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a></sup> The suit names Trump himself as well as his adult children Donald Jr., Eric, and Ivanka.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2018, the foundation agreed to cease operation and disburse all its assets. Attorney General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Underwood" title="Barbara Underwood">Barbara Underwood</a>, who oversaw the investigation and lawsuit, said the investigation uncovered a "shocking pattern of illegality".<sup id="cite_ref-Goldmacher-181218_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldmacher-181218-223">[218]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fahrenthold-181219_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahrenthold-181219-224">[219]</a></sup> Months later, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for "breaching his fiduciary duty to properly oversee the foundation that bears his name". The Foundation characterized the penalty as a "contribution", stating it was "pleased to donate an additional $2 million" to "worthy organizations". Trump acknowledged that a January 2016 fundraiser for veterans he organized had actually been a campaign event and the $2.8 million in raised funds were placed under the full control of his campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katersky-191107_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katersky-191107-226">[221]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conflicts_of_interest">Conflicts of interest</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Conflicts of interest">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/220px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/330px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/440px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Trump Towers Istanbul</a> AVM in 2012.</div></div></div>
<p>Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revocable_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Revocable trust">revocable trust</a> run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR012018_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR012018-227">[222]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC041817_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC041817-228">[223]</a></sup> According to ethics experts, as long as Trump continues to profit from his businesses, the measures taken by Trump do not help to avoid conflicts of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Venook_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-229">[224]</a></sup> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies would affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend that Trump sell off his businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC041817_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC041817-228">[223]</a></sup> While Trump said his organization would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-Venook_229-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-229">[224]</a></sup>
</p><p>Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Title_of_Nobility_Clause" title="Title of Nobility Clause">Emoluments Clause</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<sup id="cite_ref-Venook_229-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-229">[224]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaFraniere_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaFraniere-230">[225]</a></sup> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<sup id="cite_ref-NPR012018_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR012018-227">[222]</a></sup> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<sup id="cite_ref-LaFraniere_230-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaFraniere-230">[225]</a></sup> According to <i>The Guardian</i>, "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments – including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines – seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a></sup> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Saudis</a> and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a></sup> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and Turkish president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a> because of his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Trump Towers Istanbul</a>, saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job<span class="nowrap"> </span>... It's called Trump Towers – two towers instead of one<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_career">Media career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Bibliography of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump's first book, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Art of the Deal">The Art of the Deal</a></i> (1987), topped the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list"><i>New York Times</i> Best Seller list</a> for 13 weeks, and remained on the list for 48 weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-janemayer_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janemayer-237">[232]</a></sup> According to <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon."<sup id="cite_ref-janemayer_237-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janemayer-237">[232]</a></sup> Co-author <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">Tony Schwartz</a> later said he did all the writing.<sup id="cite_ref-janemayer_237-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janemayer-237">[232]</a></sup> Two further memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997. Trump's writings then shifted to financial tips and political opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-lozada_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lozada-238">[233]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WWE">WWE</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: WWE">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Trump has had a sporadic relationship with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a> promotion <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Wrestling_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wrestling Entertainment">World Wrestling Entertainment</a> since the late 1980s; in 1988 and 1989, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WrestleMania_IV" title="WrestleMania IV">WrestleMania IV</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WrestleMania_V" title="WrestleMania V">V</a>, which took place at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a> Convention Hall, were billed as taking place at the nearby <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Plaza_Hotel_and_Casino" title="Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino">Trump Plaza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-myth_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myth-239">[234]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wwebio_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwebio-240">[235]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chief_heel_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-241">[236]</a></sup> He headlined the record-breaking <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WrestleMania_23" title="WrestleMania 23">WrestleMania 23</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-chief_heel_241-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-241">[236]</a></sup> In 2013, he was inducted into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WWE_Hall_of_Fame_(2013)" title="WWE Hall of Fame (2013)">WWE Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vince_McMahon" title="Vince McMahon">Vince McMahon</a>, the CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, and his wife <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linda_McMahon" title="Linda McMahon">Linda</a> – who later served under Trump as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a> – donated toward his endeavors, including a total of $5 million to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Foundation">Trump Foundation</a> after WWE performances in 2007 and 2009, and $6 million to his presidential campaign in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-chief_heel_241-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-241">[236]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Apprentice"><i>The Apprentice</i></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The Apprentice">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice (American TV series)</a></div>
<p>In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of <i>The Apprentice</i>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reality_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Reality show">reality show</a> in which contestants competed for a one-year management job with the Trump Organization, and Trump weeded out applicants with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a> "You're fired".<sup id="cite_ref-jk-8-7-15_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk-8-7-15-178">[173]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-born_7-17-16_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-born_7-17-16-243">[238]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a></sup> He later co-hosted <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice" title="The Celebrity Apprentice">The Celebrity Apprentice</a></i>, in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<sup id="cite_ref-jk-8-7-15_178-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk-8-7-15-178">[173]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-born_7-17-16_243-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-born_7-17-16-243">[238]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a></sup> In February 2015, Trump said he was not ready to sign on for another season of the show because he considered running for president.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a></sup> Despite this, NBC planned a fifteenth season,<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a></sup> but in June distanced itself from Trump, citing "derogatory statements regarding immigrants" in his campaign announcement.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Acting">Acting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Acting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">Donald Trump filmography</a></div>
<p>Trump has made <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cameo_appearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameo appearances">cameo appearances</a> in twelve films and 14 television series<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-249">[244]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a></sup> and performed a song as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Acres" title="Green Acres">Green Acres</a> character with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megan_Mullally" title="Megan Mullally">Megan Mullally</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/57th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="57th Primetime Emmy Awards">57th Primetime Emmy Awards</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a></sup> Trump receives a pension as a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jh_2016_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jh_2016-253">[248]</a></sup> His financial disclosure forms mentioned an annual pension of $110,000 in 2016 and $85,000 in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-jh_2016_253-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jh_2016-253">[248]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jh-2017_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jh-2017-255">[250]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Talk_shows">Talk shows</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Talk shows">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Stern_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Stern Show">Howard Stern Show</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]-256">[251]</a></sup> He also had his own short-form talk radio program called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trumped!" title="Trumped!">Trumped!</a></i> (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a></sup> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends" title="Fox & Friends">Fox & Friends</a></i> that continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261">[256]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_career">Political career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_activities_up_to_2015">Political activities up to 2015</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Political activities up to 2015">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Trump's political party affiliation has changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-PolitiFact.24.Aug.15_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolitiFact.24.Aug.15-264">[259]</a></sup> He made donations to both the Democratic and the Republican parties, party committees, and candidates until 2010 when he stopped donating to Democrats and increased his donations to Republicans considerably.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1987, Trump spent $94,801 (equivalent to $213,344 in 2019) to place full-page advertisements in three major newspapers, proclaiming "America should stop paying to defend countries that can afford to defend themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a></sup> The advertisements also advocated for "reducing the budget deficit, working for peace in Central America, and speeding up nuclear disarmament negotiations with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-democrat.gala_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-democrat.gala-267">[262]</a></sup> After rumors of a presidential run, Trump was invited by then U.S. senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (Democrat from Massachusetts), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House speaker</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a> of Texas, and Arkansas congressman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beryl_Anthony_Jr." title="Beryl Anthony Jr.">Beryl Anthony Jr.</a> to host a fundraising dinner for Democratic congressional candidates and to switch parties. Anthony told <i>The New York Times</i> that "the message Trump has been preaching is a Democratic message." Asked whether the rumors were true, Trump denied being a candidate, but said, "I believe that if I did run for President, I'd win."<sup id="cite_ref-democrat.gala_267-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-democrat.gala-267">[262]</a></sup> According to a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gallup_(company)" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> poll in December 1988, Trump was the tenth most admired man in America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA3_3]_268-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA3_3]-268">[263]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGallup1990[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidG7Tf_1GzlHECpgPA3_3]_269-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallup1990[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidG7Tf_1GzlHECpgPA3_3]-269">[264]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2000_presidential_campaign">2000 presidential campaign</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2000 presidential campaign">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign</a></div>
<p>In 1999, Trump filed an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a> to seek the nomination of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a> for the 2000 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes.Revolution_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Revolution-270">[265]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winger-111225_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winger-111225-271">[266]</a></sup> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and likely Democratic nominee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> showed Trump with seven percent support.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a></sup> Trump eventually dropped out of the race, but still went on to win the Reform Party primaries in California and Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-Winger-111225_271-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winger-111225-271">[266]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a></sup> After his run, he left the party due to the involvement of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes.Revolution_270-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Revolution-270">[265]</a></sup> He also considered running for president in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a></sup> In 2008, he endorsed Republican <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> for president.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2012_presidential_speculation">2012 presidential speculation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 2012 presidential speculation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_(5440995138).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Donald_Trump_%285440995138%29.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_%285440995138%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Donald_Trump_%285440995138%29.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_%285440995138%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Donald_Trump_%285440995138%29.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_%285440995138%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_(5440995138).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump speaking at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a>, February 2011</div></div></div>
<p>Trump publicly speculated about running for president in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">the 2012 election</a>, and made his first speaking appearance at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> (CPAC) in February 2011. The speech is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a></sup>
On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnnotrunning_277-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnnotrunning-277">[272]</a></sup> In February 2012, Trump endorsed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> for president.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279">[274]</a></sup> Trump's moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show <i>The Apprentice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnnotrunning_277-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnnotrunning-277">[272]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a></sup> Before the 2016 election, <i>The New York Times</i> speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a> Dinner in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2011, according to Evan Jones, the headmaster of the New York Military Academy at the time, the then-superintendent Jeffrey Coverdale had demanded Trump's academic records, to hand them over to "prominent, wealthy alumni of the school who were Mr. Trump's friends" at their request. Coverdale said he had refused to hand over Trump's records to trustees of the school, and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. Jones stated: "It was the only time in my education career that I ever heard of someone's record being removed," while Coverdale further said: "It's the only time I ever moved an alumnus's records." The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded President Barack Obama's academic records.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a></sup>
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<h4><span id="2013.E2.80.932015"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2013–2015">2013–2015</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 2013–2015">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<sup id="cite_ref-CPAC1_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPAC1-284">[279]</a></sup> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a></sup> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-NYPost2016_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYPost2016-287">[282]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a>. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288">[283]</a></sup> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2016_presidential_campaign">2016 presidential campaign</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 2016 presidential campaign">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign</a></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Republican_primaries">Republican primaries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Republican primaries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally,_Laconia,_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8688" data-file-height="5792" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally,_Laconia,_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump campaigning in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laconia,_New_Hampshire" title="Laconia, New Hampshire">Laconia, New Hampshire</a>, July 2015</div></div></div>
<p>On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">offshoring</a> of American jobs, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._national_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national debt">U.S. national debt</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a>, which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-6/15/15transcript_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6/15/15transcript-290">[285]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AnnouncingCandidacy_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnouncingCandidacy-291">[286]</a></sup> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292">[287]</a></sup> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293">[288]</a></sup> but according to <i>The Atlantic</i>, "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294">[289]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the primaries, Trump was one of seventeen candidates for the 2016 Republican nomination. This was the largest presidential field in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a></sup> Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296">[291]</a></sup>
</p><p>On <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016#March_1,_2016:_Super_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016">Super Tuesday</a>, Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a></sup> After a landslide win in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_Republican_primary,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Republican primary, 2016">Indiana</a> on May 3, 2016 – which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> to suspend their presidential campaigns – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">RNC</a> chairman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a> declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-politico_priebus_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico_priebus-298">[293]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="General_election_campaign">General election campaign</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: General election campaign">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">general election</a>. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.
</p><p>Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016">national polls</a> throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">email controversy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="2288" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Candidate Trump and running mate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>, July 2016</div></div></div>
<p>On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> as his running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a></sup> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a></sup> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>, but the other prior nominees did not attend.<sup id="cite_ref-missing_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missing-304">[299]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#First_presidential_debate_(Hofstra_University)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">their first presidential debate</a>, which was held at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hofstra_University" title="Hofstra University">Hofstra University</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Second_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">second presidential debate</a> was held at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_University_in_Saint_Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington University in Saint Louis">Washington University</a> in Saint Louis, Missouri. The beginning of that debate was dominated by references to a recently leaked tape of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_Billy_Bush_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording">Trump making sexually explicit comments</a>, which Trump countered by referring to alleged sexual misconduct on the part of Bill Clinton. Prior to the debate, Trump had invited four women who had accused Bill Clinton of impropriety to a press conference. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Third_presidential_debate_(University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">final presidential debate</a> was held on October 19 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">University of Nevada, Las Vegas</a>. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_positions">Political positions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Political positions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.–China relations">U.S.–China relations</a> and free trade agreements such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">a new wall</a> along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Energy_independence" title="Energy independence">energy independence</a> while opposing climate change regulations such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>, modernizing and expediting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs#Benefits" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">services for veterans</a>, repealing and replacing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>, abolishing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Core">Common Core</a> education standards, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">investing in infrastructure</a>, simplifying the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">tax code</a> while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a> approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a></sup> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "obsolete".<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a></sup>
</p><p>His political positions have been described as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_312-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-312">[307]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313">[308]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314">[309]</a></sup> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,<sup id="cite_ref-Donaldjtrump.com_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donaldjtrump.com-315">[310]</a></sup> consistent with Republican Party policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316">[311]</a></sup> usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317">[312]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a></sup> According to political writer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Shafer" title="Jack Shafer">Jack Shafer</a>, Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he attracts <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earned_media" title="Earned media">free media attention</a>, sometimes by making outrageous comments.<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYe6e_VxM00kCpgPA56_56]_320-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYe6e_VxM00kCpgPA56_56]-320">[315]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<sup id="cite_ref-davida.fahrenthold_321-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davida.fahrenthold-321">[316]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thehillFLIP_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehillFLIP-322">[317]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-real_Donald_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-real_Donald-323">[318]</a></sup> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<sup id="cite_ref-real_Donald_323-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-real_Donald-323">[318]</a></sup> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_324-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-324">[319]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaign_rhetoric">Campaign rhetoric</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Campaign rhetoric">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In his campaign, Trump said he disdained <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">media bias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh-160724_325-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-160724-325">[320]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326">[321]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blake-150706_327-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake-150706-327">[322]</a></sup> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earned_media" title="Earned media">free media coverage</a> during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-328">[323]</a></sup>
</p><p>Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-whoppers_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoppers-329">[324]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-year_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-year-330">[325]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wapo-false_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo-false-331">[326]</a></sup> At least four major publications – <i>Politico</i>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, <i>The New York Times</i>, and the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> – have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the <i>Los Angeles Times</i> saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333">[328]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's penchant for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">hyperbole</a> is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20150828_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20150828-334">[329]</a></sup> Trump adopted his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">ghostwriter's</a> phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20150828_334-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20150828-334">[329]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konnikova_335-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konnikova-335">[330]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Support_from_the_far_right">Support from the far right</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Support from the far right">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p><span id="White_supremacist_support"></span>
</p><p>According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Barkun" title="Michael Barkun">Michael Barkun</a>, the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-336">[331]</a></sup> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-337">[332]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338">[333]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a></sup> He retweeted open racists,<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340">[335]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a></sup> and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_the_Union_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union (TV series)">State of the Union</a></i>, saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342">[337]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a></sup> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-344">[339]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a></sup>
</p><p>After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnduke_346-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnduke-346">[341]</a></sup> Trump said on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morning_Joe" title="Morning Joe">Morning Joe</a></i>: "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<sup id="cite_ref-cnnduke_346-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnduke-346">[341]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<sup id="cite_ref-WPechoes_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPechoes-347">[342]</a></sup> due in part to its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opposition_to_multiculturalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to multiculturalism">opposition to multiculturalism</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">immigration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348">[343]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNexplained_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNexplained-349">[344]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-350">[345]</a></sup>
Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351">[346]</a></sup>
In August 2016, he appointed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> – the executive chairman of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a> – as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a></sup> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.Disavows_353-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.Disavows-353">[348]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-354">[349]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial_disclosures">Financial disclosures</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Financial disclosures">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_News_FEC_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News_FEC-86">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355">[350]</a></sup> The 2016 form showed little change.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn-20160519_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-20160519-144">[139]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has not released <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_tax_returns" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump's tax returns">his tax returns</a>, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promise in 2014 to do so if he ran for office.<sup id="cite_ref-Rappeport_356-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rappeport-356">[351]</a></sup> He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNtax26Feb_357-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNtax26Feb-357">[352]</a></sup> Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from <i>The New York Times</i>. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-20161010_359-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20161010-359">[354]</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-taxes_360-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-taxes-360">[355]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hill-taxes_361-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-taxes-361">[356]</a></sup>
</p><p>On April 3, 2019, the House <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ways_and_Means_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Ways and Means Committee">Ways and Means Committee</a> made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.<sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a></sup> That day, Treasury secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Steven Mnuchin</a> said the deadline would not be met,<sup id="cite_ref-363" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a></sup> and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,<sup id="cite_ref-364" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a></sup> and on May<span class="nowrap"> </span>6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365">[360]</a></sup> On May 10, 2019, committee chairman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a> subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.<sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366">[361]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367">[362]</a></sup> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.<sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368">[363]</a></sup> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<sup id="cite_ref-369" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-369">[364]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Election_to_the_presidency">Election to the presidency</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Election to the presidency">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/330px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="192" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/495px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/660px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>2016 electoral vote results</div></div></div>
<p>On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016">defections on both sides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370">[365]</a></sup> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">while losing the popular vote</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-374" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-374">[f]</a></sup> Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes (<span data-sort-value="7001481845780759093♠" style="display:none"></span>48.18%) to 62,984,828 votes (<span data-sort-value="7001460855796148360♠" style="display:none"></span>46.09%).<sup id="cite_ref-375" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-375">[369]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide – though diminishing – lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376">[370]</a></sup> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<sup id="cite_ref-377" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-377">[371]</a></sup>
The polls were relatively accurate,<sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-378">[372]</a></sup> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<sup id="cite_ref-379" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-379">[373]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump won 30 states, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, which had been considered a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_wall_(politics)" title="Blue wall (politics)">blue wall</a> of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Presidents_and_control_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Presidents and control of Congress">control of</a> both chambers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>.
</p><p>Trump is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_net_worth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States by net worth">the wealthiest president in U.S. history</a>, even after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">adjusting</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-380">[374]</a></sup> and the oldest person to take office as president.<sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381">[375]</a></sup> He is also <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience">the first president</a> who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-382">[376]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-383">[377]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-voxexp_384-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voxexp-384">[378]</a></sup> Of the 43<sup id="cite_ref-386" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-386">[g]</a></sup> previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<sup id="cite_ref-voxexp_384-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voxexp-384">[378]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protests">Protests</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests against Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/220px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/330px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/440px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5325" data-file-height="3550" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women's March</a> in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration</div></div></div>
<p>Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<sup id="cite_ref-387" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-387">[380]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-388" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-388">[381]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-389" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-389">[382]</a></sup> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<sup id="cite_ref-390" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-390">[383]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-391" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-391">[384]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women Marches</a>, which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday01a_392-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday01a-392">[385]</a></sup> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<sup id="cite_ref-393" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-393">[386]</a></sup> Moreover, marches against his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">travel ban</a> began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-394">[387]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: 2020 presidential campaign">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign</a></div>
<p>Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-395" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-395">[388]</a></sup> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<sup id="cite_ref-396" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-396">[389]</a></sup> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida" title="Melbourne, Florida">Melbourne, Florida</a>, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<sup id="cite_ref-397" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-397">[390]</a></sup> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<sup id="cite_ref-398" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-398">[391]</a></sup> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-399" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-399">[392]</a></sup> $23 million was spent in the fourth quarter of 2018, as Trump supported various Republican candidates for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_midterm_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 midterm elections">2018 midterm elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-400" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-400">[393]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidency">Presidency</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Presidency">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide to this subject, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency</a>.</div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/220px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/330px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/440px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3863" data-file-height="2576" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at his inauguration in 2017</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_actions">Early actions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Early actions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Presidential transition of Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_100_days_of_Donald_Trump%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency">First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency</a></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Trump was inaugurated</a> as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump#Executive_orders" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">six executive orders</a>: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (Obamacare), withdrawal from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> negotiations, reinstatement of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico_City_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City Policy">Mexico City Policy</a>, unlocking the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keystone_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL">Keystone XL</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline" title="Dakota Access Pipeline">Dakota Access Pipeline</a> construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall along the U.S. border with Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-exec-summary_401-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-summary-401">[394]</a></sup>
</p><p>Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-402" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-402">[395]</a></sup> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a>. She serves as an assistant to the President,<sup id="cite_ref-403" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-403">[396]</a></sup> and he is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor</a> in the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-404" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-404">[397]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 31, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Trump nominated</a> U.S. Appeals Court judge <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> to fill the seat on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> previously held by Justice <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> until his death on February 13, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-405" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-405">[398]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Domestic policy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy_and_trade">Economy and trade</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Economy and trade">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economic policy of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">Trump tariffs</a></div>
<p>The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office. Throughout his presidency, he has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-406" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-406">[399]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2017, Trump signed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a>, which cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">estate tax</a> exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-407">[400]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_(33998674940)_(cropped2).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1315" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_(33998674940)_(cropped2).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump speaking to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017</div></div></div>
<p>Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-408" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-408">[401]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-409" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-409">[402]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-410">[403]</a></sup> He withdrew the U.S. from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (TPP) negotiations,<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-411">[404]</a></sup> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<sup id="cite_ref-Inman_412-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inman-412">[405]</a></sup> and launched a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">trade war</a> with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-413" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-413">[406]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_414-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-414">[407]</a></sup> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Newburger-190512_415-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newburger-190512-415">[408]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Energy_and_climate">Energy and climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Energy and climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration</a></div>
<p>Trump rejects the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerDavenport_416-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerDavenport-416">[409]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-417" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-417">[410]</a></sup> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-418" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-418">[411]</a></sup> In June 2017, Trump announced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement</a>, making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-419" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-419">[412]</a></sup> Trump attended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/44th_G7_summit" title="44th G7 summit">44th G7 summit</a> held in Canada in 2018 and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">45th G7 summit</a> held in France in 2019, but he skipped the discussions related to the environment and climate. He held a press conference following the 2019 summit in which he said he is "an environmentalist" adding, "I think I know more about the environment than most people."<sup id="cite_ref-420" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-420">[413]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-421" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-421">[414]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<sup id="cite_ref-422" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-422">[415]</a></sup> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<sup id="cite_ref-423" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-423">[416]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Government_size_and_deregulation">Government size and deregulation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Government size and deregulation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Trump's early policies have favored <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">rollback and dismantling of government regulations</a>. He signed a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> disapproval resolution, the first in 16 years and second overall.<sup id="cite_ref-424" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-424">[417]</a></sup> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-425" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-425">[418]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-426" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-426">[419]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 30, 2017, Trump signed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13771" title="Executive Order 13771">Executive Order 13771</a>, which directed administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.<sup id="cite_ref-427" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-427">[420]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-428" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-428">[421]</a></sup> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<sup id="cite_ref-mcalabresi_429-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcalabresi-429">[422]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Health care">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (ACA or "Obamacare").<sup id="cite_ref-Kodjak_430-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kodjak-430">[423]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_431-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-431">[424]</a></sup> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> voted to repeal it.<sup id="cite_ref-432" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-432">[425]</a></sup> Over the course of several months' effort, however, the Senate was unable to pass any version of a repeal bill.<sup id="cite_ref-433" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-433">[426]</a></sup> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annual_enrollment" title="Annual enrollment">enrollment period</a> in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-434" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-434">[427]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_435-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-435">[428]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-436" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-436">[429]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">2017 tax bill</a> effectively repealed the ACA's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Individual_shared_responsibility_provision" title="Individual shared responsibility provision">individual health insurance mandate</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-437" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-437">[430]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-438" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438">[431]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-439" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-439">[432]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_issues">Social issues</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Social issues">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social policy of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<sup id="cite_ref-440" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-440">[433]</a></sup> He has said he is committed to appointing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pro-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a> justices.<sup id="cite_ref-60min_441-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60min-441">[434]</a></sup> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<sup id="cite_ref-MEhren2_442-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEhren2-442">[435]</a></sup> but considers the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">nationwide legality</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> a "settled" issue.<sup id="cite_ref-60min_441-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60min-441">[434]</a></sup> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<sup id="cite_ref-443" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-443">[436]</a></sup> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<sup id="cite_ref-NBCNews_444-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBCNews-444">[437]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump supports a broad interpretation of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment</a> and says he is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">opposed</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> in general,<sup id="cite_ref-445" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-445">[438]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OWSAR_446-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OWSAR-446">[439]</a></sup> although his views have shifted over time.<sup id="cite_ref-447" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-447">[440]</a></sup> Trump opposes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">legalizing recreational marijuana</a> but supports legalizing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical marijuana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cannabis_448-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannabis-448">[441]</a></sup> He favors <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">capital punishment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cop_killers_449-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cop_killers-449">[442]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FullPageAd1989_450-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FullPageAd1989-450">[443]</a></sup> as well as the use of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a> and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_451-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-451">[444]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC_News_452-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-452">[445]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Immigration">Immigration</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration policy of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:POTUS_visits_DHS_(31741970743).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/POTUS_visits_DHS_%2831741970743%29.jpg/220px-POTUS_visits_DHS_%2831741970743%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/POTUS_visits_DHS_%2831741970743%29.jpg/330px-POTUS_visits_DHS_%2831741970743%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/POTUS_visits_DHS_%2831741970743%29.jpg/440px-POTUS_visits_DHS_%2831741970743%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:POTUS_visits_DHS_(31741970743).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump conferring with Vice President Mike Pence and former secretary of homeland security <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a>, January 25, 2017</div></div></div>
<p>Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" title="Mexico–United States barrier">a more substantial wall</a> on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> to keep out <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illegal_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrants">illegal immigrants</a> and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<sup id="cite_ref-453" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-453">[446]</a></sup> He pledged to massively deport <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">illegal immigrants residing in the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_August29_2015_454-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_August29_2015-454">[447]</a></sup> and criticized <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States" title="Birthright citizenship in the United States">birthright citizenship</a> for creating "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anchor_babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor babies">anchor babies</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-455" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-455">[448]</a></sup> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<sup id="cite_ref-456" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-456">[449]</a></sup> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a>, though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-457" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-457">[450]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_ban">Travel ban</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Travel ban">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780</a></div>
<p>Following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-458" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-458">[451]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barro_459-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barro-459">[452]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-460" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-460">[453]</a></sup> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<sup id="cite_ref-Scots_461-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scots-461">[454]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-462" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-462">[455]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-463" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-463">[456]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 27, 2017, Trump signed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a>, which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_464-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-464">[457]</a></sup> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<sup id="cite_ref-465" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-465">[458]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-466" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-466">[459]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sally_Yates" title="Sally Yates">Sally Yates</a>, the acting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<sup id="cite_ref-467" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-467">[460]</a></sup> Trump immediately dismissed her.<sup id="cite_ref-468" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-468">[461]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-469" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-469">[462]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_Executive_Orders_13769_and_13780" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780">Multiple legal challenges</a> were filed against the order, and on February<span class="nowrap"> </span>5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-470" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-470">[463]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LiptakStands_471-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiptakStands-471">[464]</a></sup> On March 6, Trump issued <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">a revised order</a>, which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">permanent residents</a>, and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakraborty3/6/17_472-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty3/6/17-472">[465]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_464-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-464">[457]</a></sup> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-473" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-473">[466]</a></sup> On June 26, 2017, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a <i>bona fide</i> relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-TravelBanScotus1_474-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TravelBanScotus1-474">[467]</a></sup>
</p><p>The temporary order was replaced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Proclamation 9645">Presidential Proclamation 9645</a> on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian.Oct.10.13_475-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian.Oct.10.13-475">[468]</a></sup> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4,<sup id="cite_ref-476" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-476">[469]</a></sup> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_477-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-477">[470]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="DACA">DACA</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: DACA">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In September 2017, Attorney General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> announced that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">DACA</a> would be repealed after six months.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-20170905_478-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-20170905-478">[471]</a></sup> Trump argued that "top legal experts" believed DACA was unconstitutional, and called on Congress to use the six-month delay to pass legislation solving the "Dreamers" issue permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopan_479-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopan-479">[472]</a></sup> No legislation had been agreed to on DACA by March 2018, when the delay expired.<sup id="cite_ref-480" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-480">[473]</a></sup> Several states immediately challenged the DACA rescission in court.<sup id="cite_ref-481" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-481">[474]</a></sup> Two injunctions in January and February 2018 allowed renewals of applications and stopped the rolling back of DACA, and in April 2018 a federal judge ordered the acceptance of new applications.<sup id="cite_ref-482" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-482">[475]</a></sup> In August 2018, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States District Judge</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Hanen" title="Andrew Hanen">Andrew Hanen</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a> ruled that DACA is likely unconstitutional, but left the program in place as litigation proceeds.<sup id="cite_ref-483" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-483">[476]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_separation_at_border">Family separation at border</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Family separation at border">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></div>
<p>In April 2018, Trump enacted a "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">zero tolerance</a>" immigration policy that temporarily took adults irregularly entering the U.S. into custody for criminal prosecution and forcibly separated children from parents, eliminating the policy of previous administrations, which had made exceptions for families with children.<sup id="cite_ref-484" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-484">[477]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-485" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-485">[478]</a></sup> By mid-June, more than 2,300 children had been placed in shelters, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a>-designated "tender age" shelters for children under thirteen,<sup id="cite_ref-486" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-486">[479]</a></sup> culminating in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<sup id="cite_ref-Colvin_487-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colvin-487">[480]</a></sup> Trump falsely asserted that his administration was merely following the law.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_488-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-488">[481]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McArdle_489-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McArdle-489">[482]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sarlin_490-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarlin-490">[483]</a></sup>
On June 20, Trump signed an executive order to end family separations at the U.S. border.<sup id="cite_ref-491" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-491">[484]</a></sup> On June 26 a federal judge in San Diego issued a preliminary injunction requiring the Trump administration to stop detaining immigrant parents separately from their minor children, and to reunite family groups who had been separated at the border.<sup id="cite_ref-492" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-492">[485]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="2018.E2.80.932019_federal_government_shutdown"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2018–2019_federal_government_shutdown">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 2018–2019 federal government shutdown">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19 United States federal government shutdown</a></div>
<p>On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_border_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump border wall">U.S.–Mexico border wall</a> to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<sup id="cite_ref-493" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-493">[486]</a></sup> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<sup id="cite_ref-494" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-494">[487]</a></sup> Trump said he would not accept any bill that does not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation that Trump would not sign.<sup id="cite_ref-495" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-495">[488]</a></sup> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<sup id="cite_ref-Nakamura-190109_496-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nakamura-190109-496">[489]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg/220px-G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg/330px-G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg/440px-G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:G7_Taormina_family_photo_2017-05-26.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump together with other leaders at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/43rd_G7_summit" title="43rd G7 summit">43rd G7 summit</a> in Italy</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi,_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Melania_Trump,_and_Donald_Trump,_May_2017.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/220px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/330px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/440px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi,_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Melania_Trump,_and_Donald_Trump,_May_2017.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump, King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>, and Egyptian president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">2017 Riyadh summit</a> in Saudi Arabia</div></div></div>
<p>Trump has been described as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cassidy_497-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassidy-497">[490]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rucker_498-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rucker-498">[491]</a></sup> and as an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="American nationalist">American nationalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_499-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalinterest.org-499">[492]</a></sup> In 2019, Trump gave a speech at the UN General Assembly calling for world leaders to look after their own interests.<sup id="cite_ref-500" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500">[493]</a></sup> He has repeatedly said he supports an "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a>" foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-501" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-501">[494]</a></sup> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<sup id="cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_499-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalinterest.org-499">[492]</a></sup> but favors decreasing United States spending on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and in the Pacific region.<sup id="cite_ref-502" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-502">[495]</a></sup> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<sup id="cite_ref-rucker_498-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rucker-498">[491]</a></sup>
</p><p>His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strongman_(politics)" title="Strongman (politics)">strongmen</a> and criticism of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">democratically-led governments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-503" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-503">[496]</a></sup> Trump has cited China's president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-504" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-504">[497]</a></sup> Philippines president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-505" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-505">[498]</a></sup> Egyptian president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-506" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-506">[499]</a></sup> Turkey's president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-507" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-507">[500]</a></sup> King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-508" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-508">[501]</a></sup> Italy's prime minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-509" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-509">[502]</a></sup> Brazil's president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a><sup id="cite_ref-510" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-510">[503]</a></sup> and Hungarian prime minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> as examples of good leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-511" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-511">[504]</a></sup> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-512" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-512">[505]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-513" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-513">[506]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="ISIS_and_war">ISIS and war</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: ISIS and war">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/220px-Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/330px-Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg/440px-Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1414" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Letter_from_Donald_Trump_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Letter dated October 9 from Trump warning Turkish president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a> about the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_northeastern_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria</a></div></div></div>
<p>In April 2017, Trump ordered a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">missile strike</a> against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike_514-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike-514">[507]</a></sup> According to investigative journalist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Bob Woodward</a>, Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">Syrian president</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-515" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-515">[508]</a></sup> In April 2018, he announced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_bombing_of_Damascus_and_Homs" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs">missile strikes</a> against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-516" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-516">[509]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<sup id="cite_ref-517" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-517">[510]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-518" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-518">[511]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-519" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-519">[512]</a></sup> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Kurd allies</a> who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<sup id="cite_ref-520" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-520">[513]</a></sup> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-521" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-521">[514]</a></sup> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<sup id="cite_ref-522" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-522">[515]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump actively supported the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a> against the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-prince_523-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prince-523">[516]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-524" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-524">[517]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Phelps-170520_525-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phelps-170520-525">[518]</a></sup> Trump also praised his relationship with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s powerful Crown Prince <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prince_523-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prince-523">[516]</a></sup>
</p><p>U.S. troop numbers in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> increased from 8,500 to 14,000, as of January 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-526" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-526">[519]</a></sup> reversing Trump's pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-527" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-527">[520]</a></sup> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<sup id="cite_ref-528" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-528">[521]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, the White House acknowledged that Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">U.S. troops in northern Syria</a> were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-529" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-529">[522]</a></sup> In the following days, Trump suggested that the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested that they were only fighting for their own financial interests, suggested that some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<sup id="cite_ref-530" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-530">[523]</a></sup>
</p><p>Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Kurds</a>, and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<sup id="cite_ref-531" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-531">[524]</a></sup> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<sup id="cite_ref-532" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-532">[525]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-533" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-533">[526]</a></sup> After the U.S. pullout, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-534" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-534">[527]</a></sup> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, for, in the view of both parties, "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<sup id="cite_ref-535" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-535">[528]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-536" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-536">[529]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations#2017–present:_Trump_administration" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran–United States relations § 2017–present: Trump administration</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Persian_Gulf_crisis" title="2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis">2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis</a></div>
<p>Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime," although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<sup id="cite_ref-537" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-537">[530]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-538" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-538">[531]</a></sup> He has repeatedly criticized the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<sup id="cite_ref-KatyTurIranInterview_539-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KatyTurIranInterview-539">[532]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP180508_540-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP180508-540">[533]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-541" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-541">[534]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following Iran's ballistic missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-542" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-542">[535]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-543" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-543">[536]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-544" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-544">[537]</a></sup> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Brussels_summit" title="2017 Brussels summit">2017 Brussels summit</a>; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-545" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-545">[538]</a></sup> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> (CAATSA) that grouped together <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">sanctions against Iran</a>, Russia, and North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-546" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-546">[539]</a></sup> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">the United States' unilateral departure</a> from the JCPOA.<sup id="cite_ref-AP180508_540-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP180508-540">[533]</a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Javad_Zarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Javad Zarif">Javad Zarif</a> called "genocidal taunts".<sup id="cite_ref-Budryk-190519_547-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budryk-190519-547">[540]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chamberlain-190519_548-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-190519-548">[541]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wintour-190520_549-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wintour-190520-549">[542]</a></sup> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a> are allies in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">conflict with Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-550" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-550">[543]</a></sup> Trump has approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack">attack on Saudi oil facilities</a> which the United States has blamed on Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-551" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-551">[544]</a></sup> He has also ordered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike" title="2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike">a targeted U.S. airstrike</a> in 2 January 2020, which killed Iranian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major General</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> commander <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> and Iraqi <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a> commander <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis" title="Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis">Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis</a>, as well as eight other people.<sup id="cite_ref-552" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-552">[545]</a></sup> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites if Iran retaliated; such an attack by the U.S. would violate international law.<sup id="cite_ref-553" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-553">[546]</a></sup> On January 8, 2020, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> launched <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Iranian_attack_on_U.S._forces_in_Iraq" title="2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq">multiple ballistic missiles</a> on two U.S. airbases in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-554" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-554">[547]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel">Israel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–present)" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel–United States relations § Trump administration (2017–present)</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23,_2017_DSC_3982F_(34847749905).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23,_2017_DSC_3982F_(34847749905).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and Israeli prime minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, May 2017</div></div></div>
<p>Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-555" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-555">[548]</a></sup> On May 22, 2017, he was the first U.S. president to visit the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> in Jerusalem, during his first foreign trip.<sup id="cite_ref-556" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-556">[549]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-557" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-557">[550]</a></sup> Trump officially <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel</a> on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in Jerusalem in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-558" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-558">[551]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-559" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-559">[552]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<sup id="cite_ref-560" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-560">[553]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-561" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-561">[554]</a></sup> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">recognizing</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Israel's annexation</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-562" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-562">[555]</a></sup> a move condemned by the European Union and Arab League.<sup id="cite_ref-563" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-563">[556]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: China">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump's_presidency_(2017–)" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § Trump's presidency (2017–)</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></div>
<p>Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-564" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-564">[557]</a></sup> During his presidency, Trump has <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">launched a trade war against China</a>, sanctioned <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> for its alleged ties to Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-565" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-565">[558]</a></sup> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<sup id="cite_ref-566" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566">[559]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-567" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-567">[560]</a></sup> and classified China as a "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Currency_manipulator" title="Currency manipulator">currency manipulator</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-568" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-568">[561]</a></sup> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">new cold war</a> between China and the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-569" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-569">[562]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-570" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-570">[563]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-571" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-571">[564]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="North_Korea">North Korea</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: North Korea">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea–United States relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/220px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/330px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/440px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="1150" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump meets <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">the Singapore summit</a>, June 2018.</div></div></div>
<p>In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-scarier_572-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scarier-572">[565]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-573" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-573">[566]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-574" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-574">[567]</a></sup> In August, Trump dramatically escalated his rhetoric against North Korea, warning that further provocations against the U.S. would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<sup id="cite_ref-575" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-575">[568]</a></sup> In response, North Korean leader <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> threatened to direct a missile test toward <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-576" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-576">[569]</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim held <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">a summit</a> in Singapore,<sup id="cite_ref-577" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-577">[570]</a></sup> resulting in North Korea affirming its promise to work toward complete denuclearization.<sup id="cite_ref-578" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-578">[571]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_579-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-579">[572]</a></sup> A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">second summit</a> took place in February 2019, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-partial_relief_580-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partial_relief-580">[573]</a></sup> It ended abruptly without an agreement, both sides blaming each other and offering differing accounts of the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-partial_relief_580-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partial_relief-580">[573]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-581" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-581">[574]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-582" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-582">[575]</a></sup> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> held <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">brief talks</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>, marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. They agreed to resume negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-583" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-583">[576]</a></sup> Talks in Stockholm began on October 5, 2019, between U.S. and North Korean negotiating teams, but broke down after one day.<sup id="cite_ref-584" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-584">[577]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Russia">Russia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki,_16_July_2018_(3).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki%2C_16_July_2018_%283%29.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki%2C_16_July_2018_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki%2C_16_July_2018_%283%29.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki%2C_16_July_2018_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki%2C_16_July_2018_%283%29.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki%2C_16_July_2018_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_%26_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki,_16_July_2018_(3).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Putin and Trump at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a>, July 2018</div></div></div>
<p>During his campaign and as president, Trump repeatedly said he wants better relations with Russia,<sup id="cite_ref-585" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-585">[578]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-586" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-586">[579]</a></sup> and he has praised Russian president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> as a strong leader.<sup id="cite_ref-587" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-587">[580]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-588" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-588">[581]</a></sup> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">fight against ISIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-589" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-589">[582]</a></sup> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">U.S.–Russian relations</a>, which were already at the lowest level since the end of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-590" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-590">[583]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-591" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-591">[584]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-592" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-592">[585]</a></sup>
</p><p>After Trump met Putin at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki Summit</a> on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election">Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election</a>, rather than accepting the findings of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_intelligence_community" class="mw-redirect" title="United States intelligence community">United States intelligence community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zurcher_593-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zurcher-593">[586]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-594" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-594">[587]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-break_595-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-break-595">[588]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has made both pro- and anti-Russia statements regarding Crimea,<sup id="cite_ref-596" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-596">[589]</a></sup> Syria,<sup id="cite_ref-597" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-597">[590]</a></sup> Ukraine,<sup id="cite_ref-598" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-598">[591]</a></sup> North Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-599" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-599">[592]</a></sup> Venezuela,<sup id="cite_ref-600" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-600">[593]</a></sup> election meddling,<sup id="cite_ref-601" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-601">[594]</a></sup> and Skripal poisoning.<sup id="cite_ref-602" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-602">[595]</a></sup> Trump also said U.S. oil companies cannot resume oil drilling in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-603" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-603">[596]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cuba">Cuba</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Cuba">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba–United States relations</a></div>
<p>In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">loosening of restrictions</a>. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<sup id="cite_ref-604" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-604">[597]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Venezuela">Venezuela</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Venezuela">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United States–Venezuela relations">United States–Venezuela relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_(47145953601).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_%2847145953601%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_%2847145953601%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_%2847145953601%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_%2847145953601%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_%2847145953601%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_%2847145953601%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_to_the_Venezuelan_American_Community_(47145953601).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>On February 18, 2019 Trump gave a speech about the crisis in Venezuela.</div></div></div>
<p>On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-605" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-605">[598]</a></sup> In September 2018, Trump called "for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<sup id="cite_ref-606" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-606">[599]</a></sup> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis">breaking ties</a> with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>, the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-607" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-607">[600]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="NATO">NATO</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: NATO">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference,_April_12,_2017_(01).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/330px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/440px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference,_April_12,_2017_(01).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and NATO Secretary General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a>, April 2017</div></div></div>
<p>As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">security guarantees to NATO members</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-608" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-608">[601]</a></sup> and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-609" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-609">[602]</a></sup> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-610" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-610">[603]</a></sup> However, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-611" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-611">[604]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2019, <i>The New York Times</i> quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<sup id="cite_ref-612" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-612">[605]</a></sup> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<sup id="cite_ref-613" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-613">[606]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Personnel">Personnel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Political appointments by Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cabinet meeting, March 2017</div></div></div>
<p>The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble_614-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble-614">[607]</a></sup> As of early July 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<sup id="cite_ref-Wise_-180702_615-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wise_-180702-615">[608]</a></sup> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<sup id="cite_ref-616" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-616">[609]</a></sup> Both figures set a record for recent presidents – more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_617-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-617">[610]</a></sup> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Flynn">Mike Flynn</a> (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a>, replaced by retired Marine general <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a> on July 28, 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_618-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker-618">[611]</a></sup> and Press Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_617-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-617">[610]</a></sup> Close personal aides to Trump such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">John McEntee</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keith_Schiller" title="Keith Schiller">Keith Schiller</a>, have quit or been forced out.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_619-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-619">[612]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama Jeff Sessions as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-620" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-620">[613]</a></sup> financier <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Mnuchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Mnuchin">Steve Mnuchin</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-621" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-621">[614]</a></sup> retired Marine Corps general <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Mattis" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mattis">James Mattis</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-622" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-622">[615]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> CEO <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-623" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-623">[616]</a></sup> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-624" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-624">[617]</a></sup> and South Carolina governor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-625" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-625">[618]</a></sup>
</p><p>Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Price_(American_politician)" title="Tom Price (American politician)">Tom Price</a> was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-626" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-626">[619]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_619-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-619">[612]</a></sup> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<sup id="cite_ref-Hersher-180705_627-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hersher-180705-627">[620]</a></sup> while Interior Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Ryan Zinke</a> resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-628" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-628">[621]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying that many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-629" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-629">[622]</a></sup> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<sup id="cite_ref-630" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-630">[623]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Dismissal_of_James_Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Dismissal of James Comey">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a></div>
<p>On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Apuzzo_631-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apuzzo-631">[624]</a></sup> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy#October_2016_–_Additional_investigation" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Hillary Clinton's emails</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-20170509_632-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-20170509-632">[625]</a></sup> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett-20170511_633-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett-20170511-633">[626]</a></sup> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<sup id="cite_ref-theweek-20170511_634-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theweek-20170511-634">[627]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comey_memo" class="mw-redirect" title="Comey memo">Comey memo</a> of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilber_635-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilber-635">[628]</a></sup>
In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<sup id="cite_ref-comeytestimony_636-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comeytestimony-636">[629]</a></sup> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-schmidt_637-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmidt-637">[630]</a></sup> He also asked intelligence chiefs <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Dan Coats</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Michael Rogers</a> to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<sup id="cite_ref-Sciutto_638-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sciutto-638">[631]</a></sup> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-Dilanian_639-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dilanian-639">[632]</a></sup> Comey eventually testified on June<span class="nowrap"> </span>8 that while he was director, the FBI investigations did not target Trump himself.<sup id="cite_ref-comeytestimony_636-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comeytestimony-636">[629]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt-20110608_640-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20110608-640">[633]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_profile">Public profile</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Public profile">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Approval ratings">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration</a></div>
<p>Presidential <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">approval polls</a> taken during the first ten months of Trump's term have shown him to be the least popular U.S. president in the history of modern opinion polls.<sup id="cite_ref-641" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-641">[634]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-642" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-642">[635]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-643" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-643">[636]</a></sup> A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> global poll conducted in July 2017, found "a median of just 22 percent has confidence in Trump to do the right thing when it comes to international affairs". This compares to a median of 64 percent rate of confidence for his predecessor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. Trump received a higher rating in only two countries: Russia and Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-644" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-644">[637]</a></sup> An August 2017 <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morning_Consult" title="Morning Consult">Morning Consult</a> poll found on some measures "that majorities of voters have low opinions of his character and competence".<sup id="cite_ref-645" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-645">[638]</a></sup> By December 2018, Trump's approval ratings, averaged over many polls, stood at roughly 42%, two points below Obama's at the same time in his presidency, and one point above <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s.<sup id="cite_ref-646" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-646">[639]</a></sup> Trump's two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-647" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-647">[640]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump is the only elected president who did not place first on Gallup's poll of Americans' most admired men in his first year in office, coming in second behind Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-648" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-648">[641]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gallup1678_649-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup1678-649">[642]</a></sup> The Gallup poll near the end of Trump's second year in office named him the second most admired man in America – behind Obama – for the fourth consecutive year.<sup id="cite_ref-650" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-650">[643]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gallup1678_649-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup1678-649">[642]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="False_statements">False statements</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: False statements">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity of statements by Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<sup id="cite_ref-Qiu_651-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu-651">[644]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KesslerLee_652-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KesslerLee-652">[645]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-653" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-653">[646]</a></sup> The statements have been documented by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fact-checker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact-checker">fact-checkers</a>; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<sup id="cite_ref-unprecedenteduntruths_654-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unprecedenteduntruths-654">[647]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glasser-180803_655-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glasser-180803-655">[648]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konnikova_335-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konnikova-335">[330]</a></sup> This trait of his was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-656" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-656">[649]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-657" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-657">[650]</a></sup> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Glasser-180803_655-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glasser-180803-655">[648]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to <i>The New York Times</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Qiu_651-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu-651">[644]</a></sup> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of <i>The Washington Post</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-658" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-658">[651]</a></sup> By the <i>Post'</i>s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler-190429_659-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler-190429-659">[652]</a></sup> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<sup id="cite_ref-660" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-660">[653]</a></sup> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<sup id="cite_ref-661" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-661">[654]</a></sup> The <i>Post</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s reported tally is 15,413 as of December 10, 2019, with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-662" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-662">[655]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Racial_views">Racial views</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Racial views">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump has made numerous comments and taken certain actions that have been characterized as racially charged or racist both within the U.S. and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-663" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-663">[656]</a></sup> Trump has repeatedly denied he is a racist.<sup id="cite_ref-664" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-664">[657]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-665" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-665">[658]</a></sup> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his general rejection of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>, while others accept it simply because they share such beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-666" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-666">[659]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nation-20170508_667-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nation-20170508-667">[660]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<sup id="cite_ref-nation-20170508_667-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nation-20170508-667">[660]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vox-20171215_668-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-20171215-668">[661]</a></sup> In a June 2018 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a> poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcin_669-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcin-669">[662]</a></sup> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<sup id="cite_ref-Quinnipiac-180703_670-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinnipiac-180703-670">[663]</a></sup> Trump has asserted "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-671" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-671">[664]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahler_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-100">[95]</a></sup> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case" title="Central Park jogger case">Central Park jogger case</a>, even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-672" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-672">[665]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">"birther" conspiracy theories</a> alleging that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, the first black U.S. president, was born in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-673" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-673">[666]</a></sup> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pushing the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later said his stance had made him "very popular".<sup id="cite_ref-Madison27April_674-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison27April-674">[667]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-675" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-675">[668]</a></sup> In September 2016, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-drops_676-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-drops-676">[669]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to an analysis in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly" title="Political Science Quarterly">Political Science Quarterly</a></i>, Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-677" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-677">[670]</a></sup> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for saying Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<sup id="cite_ref-678" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-678">[671]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-679" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-679">[672]</a></sup> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a> were also criticized as racist.<sup id="cite_ref-680" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-680">[673]</a></sup>
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codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="479216" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm.360p.webm#t=00:07:19" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="578696" data-framerate="29.97"/></video></div>"><img alt="File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm" style="width:220px;height:124px" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm/220px-seek%3D439-President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm.jpg" /><a href="/enwiki//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump makes a statement (begins at 7:20 into the video) on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in Charlottesville</div></div></div>
<p>Trump's comments in reaction to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">2017 Charlottesville far-right rally</a> were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> marchers and counter-protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-681" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-681">[674]</a></sup>
</p><p>In a January 2018 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<sup id="cite_ref-zack_682-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zack-682">[675]</a></sup> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-683" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-683">[676]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-684" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-684">[677]</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress – all of whom are women of color and three of whom are native-born Americans – should "go back" to the countries they <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Go_back_where_you_came_from" title="Go back where you came from">came from</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-685" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-685">[678]</a></sup> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<sup id="cite_ref-686" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-686">[679]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="White nationalist">White nationalist</a> publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<sup id="cite_ref-687" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-687">[680]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Allegations_of_sexual_misconduct">Allegations of sexual misconduct</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Allegations of sexual misconduct">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape">Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape</a></div>
<p>Twenty-two women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct as of June 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<sup id="cite_ref-688" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-688">[681]</a></sup> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<sup id="cite_ref-689" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-689">[682]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fox_Trump_demands_retraction_690-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_Trump_demands_retraction-690">[683]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-691" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-691">[684]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2016, two days before the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Second_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">second presidential debate</a>, a 2005 recording surfaced in which Trump was recorded bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women.<sup id="cite_ref-692" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-692">[685]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-693" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-693">[686]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-694" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-694">[687]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microphone_gaffe" title="Microphone gaffe">hot mic</a> recording was captured on a studio bus in which Trump and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Bush" title="Billy Bush">Billy Bush</a> were preparing to film an episode of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Access_Hollywood" title="Access Hollywood">Access Hollywood</a></i>. In the tape, Trump said: "I just start kissing them ... I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the pussy."<sup id="cite_ref-NBC080716_695-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC080716-695">[688]</a></sup> During the recording, Trump also spoke of his efforts to seduce a married woman, saying he "moved on her very heavily".<sup id="cite_ref-NBC080716_695-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC080716-695">[688]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's language on the tape has been described as vulgar, sexist, and descriptive of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a>. The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-696" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-696">[689]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-697" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-697">[690]</a></sup> and caused outrage across the political spectrum,<sup id="cite_ref-698" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-698">[691]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-699" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-699">[692]</a></sup> resulting in a group of GOP senators and representatives withdrawing their support for his candidacy, some requesting that he step aside.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2016_700-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2016-700">[693]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-701" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-701">[694]</a></sup> In addition to the two women who had previously alleged sexual misconduct against Trump, fifteen more came forward in 2016, during the aftermath of the tape's release with new accusations of sexual misconduct, including unwanted kissing and groping.<sup id="cite_ref-702" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-702">[695]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-703" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-703">[696]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vox_704-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vox-704">[697]</a></sup> Trump publicly apologized for his inappropriate boasting on the tape but also defended it as "locker room talk",<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2017_705-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2017-705">[698]</a></sup> and instead deflected his actions by asserting allegations of inappropriate behavior by Bill and Hillary Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-706" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-706">[699]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Allegations_of_inciting_violence">Allegations of inciting violence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Allegations of inciting violence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-707" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-707">[700]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-708" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-708">[701]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-709" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-709">[702]</a></sup> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<sup id="cite_ref-710" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-710">[703]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-711" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-711">[704]</a></sup> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<sup id="cite_ref-712" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-712">[705]</a></sup> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<sup id="cite_ref-713" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-713">[706]</a></sup> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<sup id="cite_ref-714" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-714">[707]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Relationship_with_the_press">Relationship with the press</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Relationship with the press">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Relationship_with_the_media" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump § Relationship with the media</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump talking to the press, March 2017</div></div></div>
<p>Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-Parnes_715-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parnes-715">[708]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ingram-160301_716-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram-160301-716">[709]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AN-170124_717-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-170124-717">[710]</a></sup> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Dantonio-160710_718-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dantonio-160710-718">[711]</a></sup> Fox News anchor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bret_Baier" title="Bret Baier">Bret Baier</a> and former House speaker <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<sup id="cite_ref-719" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-719">[712]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-720" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-720">[713]</a></sup>
</p><p>Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh-160724_325-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-160724-325">[320]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-721" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-721">[714]</a></sup> In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_328-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-328">[323]</a></sup> <i>New York Times</i> writer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Chozick" title="Amy Chozick">Amy Chozick</a> wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance. To answer the question of why the U.S. public could not stop being enthralled by his actions, she wrote "Even in the so-called golden age of TV, Mr. Trump hasn't just dominated water-cooler conversation; he's sucked the water right out, making all other entertainment from N.F.L. games to awards shows pale in comparison."<sup id="cite_ref-ChozickNYT_722-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChozickNYT-722">[715]</a></sup> Chozick quoted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brent_Montgomery" title="Brent Montgomery">Brent Montgomery</a>, the creator of the reality TV show <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pawn_Stars" title="Pawn Stars">Pawn Stars</a></i>, saying "Part of what he's doing that makes it feel like a reality show is that he is feeding you something every night. You can't afford to miss one episode or you're left behind."<sup id="cite_ref-ChozickNYT_722-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChozickNYT-722">[715]</a></sup>
</p><p>After winning the election, Trump told journalist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lesley_Stahl" title="Lesley Stahl">Lesley Stahl</a> he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<sup id="cite_ref-723" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-723">[716]</a></sup> Into his presidency, Trump has described negative media coverage as "fake news".<sup id="cite_ref-Bump-180509_724-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bump-180509-724">[717]</a></sup> Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_725-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-725">[718]</a></sup> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_726-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-726">[719]</a></sup> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-727" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-727">[720]</a></sup> The Trump White House held about 100 formal press briefings during 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two during 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_726-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-726">[719]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Popular culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">Donald Trump in popular culture</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">Donald Trump in music</a></div>
<p>Trump has been the subject of comedians, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a> cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump"><i>Saturday Night Live</i></a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darrell_Hammond" title="Darrell Hammond">Darrell Hammond</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alec_Baldwin" title="Alec Baldwin">Alec Baldwin</a>, and in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._Garrison" title="Mr. Garrison">Mr. Garrison</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> episode "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bart_to_the_Future" title="Bart to the Future">Bart to the Future</a>", written during his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000">2000 campaign for the Reform party</a>, anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_President_Show" title="The President Show">The President Show</a></i> debuted in April 2017 on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>, while another one called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></i> debuted on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> in February 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-728" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-728">[721]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a> lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<sup id="cite_ref-538-hiphop_729-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-538-hiphop-729">[722]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-730" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-730">[723]</a></sup> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-538-hiphop_729-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-538-hiphop-729">[722]</a></sup>
</p><p>On December 30, 2019, the New Yorker reported that a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> coined in Germany, <i>Trumpschmerz</i>, translated as pain associated with Trump, had been named the 2019 German "Word of the Year".<sup id="cite_ref-731" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-731">[724]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_media">Social media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Social media">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">Donald Trump on social media</a></div>
<p>Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<sup id="cite_ref-732" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-732">[725]</a></sup> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<sup id="cite_ref-federalist-sidelining_733-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-federalist-sidelining-733">[726]</a></sup> Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20170427_734-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20170427-734">[727]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP-20170501_735-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20170501-735">[728]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CT-20170624_736-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CT-20170624-736">[729]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recognition">Recognition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Recognition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>In 1983, Trump received the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund_Tree_of_Life_Award" title="Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award">Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award</a>, after he helped fund the building of two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-737" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-737">[730]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_738-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-738">[731]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_738-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-738">[731]</a></sup> In 1986, he received the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ellis_Island_Medal_of_Honor" title="Ellis Island Medal of Honor">Ellis Island Medal of Honor</a> in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<sup id="cite_ref-739" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-739">[732]</a></sup> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedoms_Foundation" title="Freedoms Foundation">Freedoms Foundation</a> for his support of youth programs.<sup id="cite_ref-740" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-740">[733]</a></sup> He received a star on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-741" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-741">[734]</a></sup> and was inducted into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WWE_Hall_of_Fame" title="WWE Hall of Fame">WWE Hall of Fame</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-742" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-742">[735]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a> awarded Trump an honorary Doctorate of Business in 2012<sup id="cite_ref-743" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-743">[736]</a></sup> and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 2017, during his first college commencement speech as president.<sup id="cite_ref-744" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-744">[737]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-745" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-745">[738]</a></sup> In 2015, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon University</a> revoked the honorary Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) they had granted him in 2010, stating that "Mr. Trump has made a number of statements that are wholly incompatible with the ethos and values of the university."<sup id="cite_ref-Scot_746-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scot-746">[739]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2016, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> named Trump as its "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-PersonYear_747-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PersonYear-747">[740]</a></sup> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<sup id="cite_ref-748" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-748">[741]</a></sup> In the same month, he was named <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_Times_Person_of_the_Year" title="Financial Times Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a><sup id="cite_ref-FT_2016_749-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT_2016-749">[742]</a></sup> and was ranked by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes_list_of_The_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" title="Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People">second most powerful person in the world</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-750" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-750">[743]</a></sup> As president, Trump received the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Order_of_King_Abdulaziz" title="Order of King Abdulaziz">Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud</a> from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-751" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-751">[744]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Investigations">Investigations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Investigations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2017)">2017</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">January–June 2018</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">July–December 2018</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)">2019</a>)</div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a> FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">private businesses</a>, personal taxes, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">charitable foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2018-12-16_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2018-12-16-93">[88]</a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Inv_752-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Inv-752">[745]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hush_payments">Hush payments</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Hush payments">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump#Payments_related_to_alleged_affairs" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs of Donald Trump § Payments related to alleged affairs</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Alleged_affair_with_Donald_Trump" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal § Alleged affair with Donald Trump</a></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Media,_Inc." title="American Media, Inc.">American Media, Inc.</a> (AMI) paid $150,000 to <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> model <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karen_McDougal" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal</a> in August 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-WSJT_753-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJT-753">[746]</a></sup> and Trump's attorney <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> paid $130,000 to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">adult film actress</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-754" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-754">[747]</a></sup> Both women were paid for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a> regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-755" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-755">[748]</a></sup> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged the payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-756" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-756">[749]</a></sup> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<sup id="cite_ref-757" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-757">[750]</a></sup> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_758-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-758">[751]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-759" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-759">[752]</a></sup> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-760" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-760">[753]</a></sup> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-761" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-761">[754]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-762" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-762">[755]</a></sup> The closure of the federal investigation into the matter was announced in July 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-763" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-763">[756]</a></sup> but days later the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manhattan_District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan District Attorney">Manhattan District Attorney</a> subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<sup id="cite_ref-764" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-764">[757]</a></sup> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-765" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-765">[758]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Russian_interference">Russian interference</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Russian interference">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_electoral_intervention" title="Foreign electoral intervention">Foreign electoral intervention</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump associates and Russian officials</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></div>
<p>In January 2017, American intelligence agencies – the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a>, represented by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> – jointly stated with "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Analytic_confidence#Levels_of_analytic_confidence_in_national_security_reports" title="Analytic confidence">high confidence</a>" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-766" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-766">[759]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Declassified_Report_767-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declassified_Report-767">[760]</a></sup> In March 2017, FBI Director <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> told Congress that "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<sup id="cite_ref-768" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-768">[761]</a></sup>
</p><p>The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<sup id="cite_ref-769" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-769">[762]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-770" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-770">[763]</a></sup> One of Trump's campaign managers, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a>, had worked for several years to help pro-Russian politician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> win the Ukrainian presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-771" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-771">[764]</a></sup> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael T. Flynn">Michael T. Flynn</a> and political consultant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a>, have been connected to Russian officials.<sup id="cite_ref-many_772-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-many-772">[765]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-773" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-773">[766]</a></sup> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-774" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-774">[767]</a></sup>
Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters2_775-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters2-775">[768]</a></sup> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergey_Kislyak" title="Sergey Kislyak">Sergey Kislyak</a> about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Trump later fired Flynn for falsely claiming he had not discussed the sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-776" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-776">[769]</a></sup> <i>The Washington Post</i> reported that Trump had told <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> and Sergey Kislyak in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<sup id="cite_ref-777" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-777">[770]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump and his allies have promoted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election</a>, which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">frame</a> Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-778" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-778">[771]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Special_counsel_investigation">Special counsel investigation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Special counsel investigation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></div>
<p>On May 17, 2017, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Attorney_General" title="United States Deputy Attorney General">Deputy Attorney General</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a> appointed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a>, a former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_the_FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of the FBI">director of the FBI</a>, to serve as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Special counsel">special counsel</a> for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation", taking over the existing FBI investigation into the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-779" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-779">[772]</a></sup> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's dismissal of James Comey as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<sup id="cite_ref-Vitkovskaya_780-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vitkovskaya-780">[773]</a></sup> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<sup id="cite_ref-781" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-781">[774]</a></sup> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-782" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-782">[775]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions – in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018 – and close the investigation, but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<sup id="cite_ref-783" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-783">[776]</a></sup> He tried repeatedly to get former Attorney General Jeff Sessions to withdraw his recusal regarding Russia matters, believing Sessions would then put an end to the special counsel investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-784" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-784">[777]</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 22, 2019, the special counsel concluded his investigation and gave his report to Attorney General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-785" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-785">[778]</a></sup> On March 24, Barr sent a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">four-page letter</a> to Congress summarizing what he said were the "principal conclusions" in the report. He said the report did not conclude the President had committed any crimes, although it did not exonerate him for obstruction of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-Pramuk_786-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pramuk-786">[779]</a></sup> Barr wrote on March 24 that given his authority to decide whether Trump had committed a crime, he and Rosenstein felt there was insufficient evidence to establish obstruction by Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-Pramuk_786-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pramuk-786">[779]</a></sup> Trump interpreted Mueller's report a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-787" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-787">[780]</a></sup> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said and there was now "public confusion".<sup id="cite_ref-788" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-788">[781]</a></sup> Some legal analysts said Barr's description of the report's contents was misleading.<sup id="cite_ref-testcomm2_789-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-testcomm2-789">[782]</a></sup>
</p><p>A redacted version of the final <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a> was released to the public on April 18, 2019, with the first volume finding that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<sup id="cite_ref-AFPpoints_790-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFPpoints-790">[783]</a></sup> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeGraphic_791-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeGraphic-791">[784]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TIMErelease_792-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIMErelease-792">[785]</a></sup> The evidence was incomplete due to encrypted, deleted, or unsaved communications as well as false, incomplete, or declined testimony.<sup id="cite_ref-793" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-793">[786]</a></sup> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and details how Trump and his campaign "welcomed and encouraged" Russian foreign interference under the belief that they would politically benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-794" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-794">[787]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-795" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-795">[788]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-796" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-796">[789]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-797" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-797">[790]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-798" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-798">[791]</a></sup>
</p><p>The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoLays_799-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoLays-799">[792]</a></sup> The report did not exonerate him of obstruction, saying investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<sup id="cite_ref-FactCheck11_800-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactCheck11-800">[793]</a></sup> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel" title="Office of Legal Counsel">Office of Legal Counsel</a> (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<sup id="cite_ref-801" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-801">[794]</a></sup> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<sup id="cite_ref-APdilemma_802-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APdilemma-802">[795]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Associates">Associates</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Associates">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)</a></div>
<p>On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">convicted</a> on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-803" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-803">[796]</a></sup> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonnig823_804-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonnig823-804">[797]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow" title="Trump Tower Moscow">a Trump Tower in Moscow</a>. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<sup id="cite_ref-805" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-805">[798]</a></sup>
</p><p>The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Gates_(political_consultant)" title="Rick Gates (political consultant)">Rick Gates</a>, foreign policy advisor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Papadopoulos" title="George Papadopoulos">George Papadopoulos</a>, Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<sup id="cite_ref-806" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-806">[799]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-807" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-807">[800]</a></sup> On January 25, 2019, Trump adviser <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a> was arrested at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and indicted on seven criminal charges;<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzetti-190125_808-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mazzetti-190125-808">[801]</a></sup> he was convicted in November of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-809" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-809">[802]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019_congressional_investigation">2019 congressional investigation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: 2019 congressional investigation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In March 2019, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Judiciary Committee">House Judiciary Committee</a> launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<sup id="cite_ref-810" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-810">[803]</a></sup> Committee chairman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerrold_Nadler" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerrold Nadler">Jerrold Nadler</a> sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<sup id="cite_ref-811" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-811">[804]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fandos-190304_812-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-190304-812">[805]</a></sup> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos-190304_812-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-190304-812">[805]</a></sup> The White House refused to comply with that request, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<sup id="cite_ref-813" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-813">[806]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment">Impeachment</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Impeachment">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></div>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background:#002244;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal"><span style="color:white">Trump–Ukraine scandal</span></a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:-UNGA_(48795662063).jpg" title="File:-UNGA (48795662063).jpg"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/-UNGA_%2848795662063%29.jpg/250px--UNGA_%2848795662063%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/-UNGA_%2848795662063%29.jpg/375px--UNGA_%2848795662063%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/-UNGA_%2848795662063%29.jpg/500px--UNGA_%2848795662063%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><div style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em">A request by U.S. president Trump (right) to Ukrainian president Zelensky (left) to investigate Joe Biden and his son sparked the scandal.</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em;background:#002244;color:white;">
Events</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.5em;">
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">List</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2019 Ukrainian presidential election">2019 Ukrainian presidential election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment of Donald Trump</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 U.S. presidential election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections">Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<span style="color:white">People</span></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.5em;">
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">White House</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">President Donald Trump</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Bossert" title="Tom Bossert">Tom Bossert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Cipollone" title="Pat Cipollone">Pat Cipollone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiona_Hill_(presidential_advisor)" title="Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)">Fiona Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Kupperman" title="Charles Kupperman">Charles Kupperman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mick_Mulvaney" title="Mick Mulvaney">Mick Mulvaney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Sayegh" title="Tony Sayegh">Tony Sayegh</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Justice Department</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Atkinson_(Inspector_General)" title="Michael Atkinson (Inspector General)">Michael Atkinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">State Department</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulrich_Brechbuhl" title="Ulrich Brechbuhl">Ulrich Brechbuhl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_Croft" title="Catherine Croft">Catherine Croft</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Hale_(diplomat)" title="David Hale (diplomat)">David Hale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Holmes_(diplomat)" title="David Holmes (diplomat)">David Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_P._Kent" title="George P. Kent">George Kent</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Linick" title="Steve Linick">Steve Linick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_McKinley" title="Michael McKinley">Michael McKinley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_T._Reeker" title="Philip T. Reeker">Philip Reeker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon_Sondland" title="Gordon Sondland">Gordon Sondland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_B._Taylor_Jr." title="William B. Taylor Jr.">Bill Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurt_Volker" title="Kurt Volker">Kurt Volker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jennifer_Williams" title="Jennifer Williams">Jennifer Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marie_Yovanovitch" title="Marie Yovanovitch">Marie Yovanovitch</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Defense Department</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laura_Cooper" title="Laura Cooper">Laura Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kathryn_L._Wheelbarger" title="Kathryn L. Wheelbarger">Kathryn L. Wheelbarger</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">National Security Council</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Eisenberg" title="John Eisenberg">John Eisenberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Morrison_(arms_control_expert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Morrison (arms control expert)">Tim Morrison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_Vindman" title="Alexander Vindman">Alexander Vindman</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Intelligence</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Maguire" title="Joseph Maguire">Joseph Maguire</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Congress</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">Adam Schiff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devin_Nunes" title="Devin Nunes">Devin Nunes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">Pete Sessions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kashyap_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashyap Patel">Kashyap Patel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Jordan_(American_politician)" title="Jim Jordan (American politician)">Jim Jordan</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Ukrainians</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andriy_Bohdan" title="Andriy Bohdan">Andriy Bohdan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dmytro_Firtash" title="Dmytro Firtash">Dmytro Firtash</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serhiy_Leshchenko" title="Serhiy Leshchenko">Serhiy Leshchenko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mykola_Zlochevsky" title="Mykola Zlochevsky">Mykola Zlochevsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Surrogates</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Sekulow" title="Jay Sekulow">Jay Sekulow</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Scholars</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noah_Feldman" title="Noah Feldman">Noah Feldman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Gerhardt" title="Michael Gerhardt">Michael Gerhardt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pamela_S._Karlan" title="Pamela S. Karlan">Pamela S. Karlan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Turley" title="Jonathan Turley">Jonathan Turley</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">Related</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Igor_Fruman" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Fruman">Igor Fruman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amos_Hochstein" title="Amos Hochstein">Amos Hochstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lev_Parnas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Parnas">Lev Parnas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Solomon_(political_commentator)" title="John Solomon (political commentator)">John Solomon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Zaid" title="Mark Zaid">Mark Zaid</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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Companies</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.5em;">
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">List</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burisma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burisma">Burisma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><th class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.1em;background:#002244;color:white;">
Conspiracy theories</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.5em;">
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;text-align: left">List</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia_investigation_origins_counter-narrative" title="Russia investigation origins counter-narrative">Russia investigation origins counter-narrative</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Template:Trump–Ukraine scandal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Template talk:Trump–Ukraine scandal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<sup id="cite_ref-814" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-814">[807]</a></sup> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019, but this number grew, after the Mueller Report was released in April and after special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, to around 140 representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-815" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-815">[808]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2019, a revelation emerged that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a> to investigate Democratic presidential candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and his son <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-816" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-816">[809]</a></sup> In response, House speaker <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> initiated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">a formal impeachment inquiry</a> on September 24.<sup id="cite_ref-817" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-817">[810]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-818" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-818">[811]</a></sup> The Trump administration subsequently released a non-verbatim transcript of a July phone call between Trump and Zelensky, confirming that after Zelensky discussed the possibility of buying American anti-tank missiles to defend Ukraine, Trump then asked Zelensky to look into investigating the Bidens, and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<sup id="cite_ref-819" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-819">[812]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-820" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-820">[813]</a></sup> According to the testimony of multiple White House officials, the events were a part of a broader pressure campaign to further Trump's "personal interests" by abusing the power of the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-821" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-821">[814]</a></sup> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-Zelensky_Pressure_822-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelensky_Pressure-822">[815]</a></sup>
</p><p>The impeachment inquiry came in the wake of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whistleblower_protection_in_the_United_States" title="Whistleblower protection in the United States">whistleblower</a> complaint alleging abuse of power involving the Trump-Zelensky call, as well as other allegations: that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cover-up" title="Cover-up">cover-up</a>, and that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration to urge Ukraine to investigate the Bidens. The whistleblower further alleged that the pressure campaign may have included Trump's canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip, and Trump's withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-823" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-823">[816]</a></sup> Trump confirmed he had indeed temporarily withheld military aid from Ukraine, while offering contradicting reasons for his decision.<sup id="cite_ref-824" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-824">[817]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-825" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-825">[818]</a></sup>
</p><p>Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_B._Taylor_Jr." title="William B. Taylor Jr.">William Taylor</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Ukraine" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine">chargé d'affaires for Ukraine</a>, testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. The goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-826" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-826">[819]</a></sup> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not give Zelensky a coveted invitation to the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_827-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-827">[820]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_828-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-828">[821]</a></sup>
</p><p>As part of the impeachment inquiry, the House Judiciary Committee asked to see secret grand jury information which had been used in compiling the Mueller Report. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) refused to turn it over, arguing that secrecy of grand jury material must be preserved and that the impeachment inquiry was invalid. On October 25, 2019, federal judge <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beryl_A._Howell" title="Beryl A. Howell">Beryl A. Howell</a> ruled that the inquiry is valid and that the DOJ must forward the information to the committee within the week.<sup id="cite_ref-829" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-829">[822]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-830" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-830">[823]</a></sup> On October 31, the House passed a resolution, by a 232–196 vote, establishing rules for the next phase of the impeachment inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-831" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-831">[824]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-832" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-832">[825]</a></sup>
</p><p>On December 3, 2019, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Intelligence Committee">House Intelligence Committee</a> published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report stated that Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<sup id="cite_ref-833" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-833">[826]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-834" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-834">[827]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Intel-Report_835-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intel-Report-835">[828]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>8,208</span></sup> The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<sup id="cite_ref-836" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-836">[829]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-837" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-837">[830]</a></sup>
</p><p>On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Siegel_838-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-838">[831]</a></sup> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<sup id="cite_ref-839" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-839">[832]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Wealth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This estimate is by <i>Forbes</i> in their annual ranking. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index" title="Bloomberg Billionaires Index">Bloomberg Billionaires Index</a> listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-BBI_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBI-81">[76]</a></sup> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-WX_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WX-82">[77]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-electoral-college-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-electoral-college_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faithless_electors" class="mw-redirect" title="Faithless electors">faithless electors</a>). Consequently, it is possible for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President-elect" class="mw-redirect" title="President-elect">president-elect</a> to have received fewer votes from the country's total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">five times since 1824</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was older upon his second-term inauguration.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-coordination-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coordination_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]' – a term that appears in the appointment order – with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement – tacit or express – between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf">Mueller Report</a>, vol. I, p. 2</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-third-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-third_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> was impeached in 1998, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> was impeached in 1868. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> resigned from office before a vote on his impeachment articles could be held by the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[2]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-374"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> trailed in <i>both</i> the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Tilden" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Tilden">Samuel Tilden</a> in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372">[367]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-373">[368]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> was the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">22nd and 24th president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385">[379]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rosenbaum, David E. (August 21, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/21/archives/house-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html">"House Formally Concludes Inquiry Into Impeachment"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House+Formally+Concludes+Inquiry+Into+Impeachment&rft.date=1974-08-21&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F08%2F21%2Farchives%2Fhouse-formally-concludes-inquiry-into-impeachment-sets-out-evidence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Birth_Certificate-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168">"Certificate of Birth"</a>. Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168">the original</a> on May 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Certificate+of+Birth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fpage%3Fid%3D13248168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Birth_Certificate_2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf">"Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Jamaica Hospital. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/https://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Certificate+of+Birth%3A+Donald+John+Trump&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fprojects%2Fpdf%2F20110328125536753.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rozhon, Tracie (June 26, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/26/nyregion/fred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html">"Fred C. Trump, Postwar Master Builder of Housing for Middle Class, Dies at 93"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fred+C.+Trump%2C+Postwar+Master+Builder+of+Housing+for+Middle+Class%2C+Dies+at+93&rft.date=1999-06-26&rft.aulast=Rozhon&rft.aufirst=Tracie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F06%2F26%2Fnyregion%2Ffred-c-trump-postwar-master-builder-of-housing-for-middle-class-dies-at-93.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">32</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html">"Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Old+Queens+Neighborhood+Contrasts+With+the+Diverse+Area+Around+It&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">38</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Viser, Matt (August 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html">"Even in college, Donald Trump was brash"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Even+in+college%2C+Donald+Trump+was+brash&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Viser&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F08%2F28%2Fdonald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school%2F3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA241_241]-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA241_241]_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlair2015b">Blair 2015b</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241">241</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ehrenfreund, Max (September 3, 2015). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer">"The real reason Donald Trump is so rich"</a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+real+reason+Donald+Trump+is+so+rich&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft.aulast=Ehrenfreund&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F09%2F03%2Fif-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html">"The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wharton_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wharton School">The Wharton School</a></i>. Spring 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wharton+School&rft.atitle=The+Best+Known+Brand+Name+in+Real+Estate&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wharton.upenn.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F125anniversaryissue%2Ftrump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf">"Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. May 20, 1968. pp. 19–21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Hundred+and+Twelfth+Commencement+for+the+Conferring+of+Degrees&rft.pages=19-21&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1968-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.upenn.edu%2Fprimdocs%2Fupg%2Fupg7%2Fupg7_1968.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Selk, Avi (May 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/">"It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+50th+anniversary+of+the+day+Trump+left+college+and+%28briefly%29+faced+the+draft&rft.date=2018-05-20&rft.aulast=Selk&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fretropolis%2Fwp%2F2018%2F05%2F20%2Fits-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ashford, Grace (February 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html">"Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Cohen+Says+Trump+Told+Him+to+Threaten+Schools+Not+to+Release+Grades&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Ashford&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-school-grades.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Frazin, Rachel (February 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/431810-cohen-trump-directed-me-to-threaten-high-school-colleges-not-to">"Cohen: Trump directed me to threaten schools not to release grades, SAT scores"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Cohen%3A+Trump+directed+me+to+threaten+schools+not+to+release+grades%2C+SAT+scores&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Frazin&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F431810-cohen-trump-directed-me-to-threaten-high-school-colleges-not-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lee, Kurtis (August 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html">"How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=How+deferments+protected+Donald+Trump+from+serving+in+Vietnam&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Kurtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-defer-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-defer_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Montopoli, Brian (April 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show">"Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+avoided+Vietnam+with+deferments%2C+records+show&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.aulast=Montopoli&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdonald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html">"Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a></i>. August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Donald+John+Trump%27s+Selective+Service+Draft+Card+and+Selective+Service+Classification+Ledger&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffoia%2Fdonald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/> – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Whitlock21July-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21July_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21July_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_Whitlock" title="Craig Whitlock">Whitlock, Craig</a> (July 21, 2015). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html">"Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War"</a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Questions+linger+about+Trump%27s+draft+deferments+during+Vietnam+War&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft.aulast=Whitlock&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fquestions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war%2F2015%2F07%2F21%2F257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SE-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SE_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Eder, Steve; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Philipps" title="David Philipps">Philipps, Dave</a> (August 1, 2016). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html">"Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet"</a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Draft+Deferments%3A+Four+for+College%2C+One+for+Bad+Feet&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Philipps%2C+Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-draft-record.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-emery-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emery_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Emery, David (August 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/">"Donald Trump's Draft Deferments"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Draft+Deferments&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F08%2F02%2Fdonald-trumps-draft-deferments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Blair1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blair1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (December 4, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120"><i>The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>. p. 120. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1079-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1079-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-1079-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trumps%3A+Three+Generations+That+Built+an+Empire&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2001-12-04&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmrwtRTQ3fMC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump [@realDonaldTrump]</a> (July 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1018068353305411584">"I have arrived in Scotland and will be at Trump Turnberry for two days of meetings, calls and hopefully, some golf – my primary form of exercise! The weather is beautiful, and this place is incredible! Tomorrow I go to Helsinki for a Monday meeting with Vladimir Putin"</a> (Tweet)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+have+arrived+in+Scotland+and+will+be+at+Trump+Turnberry+for+two+days+of+meetings%2C+calls+and+hopefully%2C+some+golf+%E2%80%93+my+primary+form+of+exercise%21+The+weather+is+beautiful%2C+and+this+place+is+incredible%21+Tomorrow+I+go+to+Helsinki+for+a+Monday+meeting+with+Vladimir+Putin.&rft.date=2018-07-14&rft.au=Donald+Trump+%5B%40realDonaldTrump%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FrealDonaldTrump%2Fstatus%2F1018068353305411584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/> </span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/">"Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry"</a>. <i>Golf News Net</i>. July 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Golf+News+Net&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+says+he+gets+most+of+his+exercise+from+golf%2C+then+uses+cart+at+Turnberry&rft.date=2018-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegolfnewsnet.com%2Fgolfnewsnetteam%2F2018%2F07%2F14%2Fdonald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mason, Jeff; Holland, Steve (January 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fitness/exclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B">"Exercise? I get more than people think, Trump says"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <q>He gets exercise by playing golf, he said, even though he typically rides around the course in a golf cart.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exercise%3F+I+get+more+than+people+think%2C+Trump+says&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Holland%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-fitness%2Fexclusive-exercise-i-get-more-than-people-think-trump-says-idUSKBN1F633B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin (February 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html">"Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <q>Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Ahead+of+annual+physical%2C+Trump+has+not+followed+doctor%27s+orders&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Liptak%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F07%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-health%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html">"Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. May 12, 2017. <q>Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he "believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+thinks+that+exercising+too+much+uses+up+the+body%27s+finite+energy&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Ftrump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy%2F2017%2F05%2F12%2Fbb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Herreria, Carla (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f">"Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Doctor+Says+Trump+Basically+Wrote+That+Glowing+Health+Letter%3A+Report&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Herreria&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fdr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Marquardt, Alex; Crook, Lawrence III (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html">"Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Bornstein+claims+Trump+dictated+the+glowing+health+letter&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Marquardt&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Crook%2C+Lawrence+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fpolitics%2Fharold-bornstein-trump-letter%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Schechter-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schechter_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Schecter, Anna (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351">"Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501223104/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+doctor+Harold+Bornstein+says+bodyguard%2C+lawyer+%27raided%27+his+office%2C+took+medical+files&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Schecter&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump%2Ftrump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Watson, Kathryn (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trumps-personal-doctor-claims-his-office-was-raided-for-trumps-records/">"Trump's ex-personal doctor claims his office was "raided" for Trump's records"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+ex-personal+doctor+claims+his+office+was+%22raided%22+for+Trump%27s+records&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrumps-personal-doctor-claims-his-office-was-raided-for-trumps-records%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Barclay, Eliza; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julia_Belluz" title="Julia Belluz">Belluz, Julia</a> (January 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health">"Trump's first full presidential physical exam, explained"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+first+full+presidential+physical+exam%2C+explained&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rft.au=Belluz%2C+Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F1%2F11%2F16863254%2Ftrump-physical-exam-mental-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-time-20180117-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time-20180117_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ducharme, Jamie (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/">"The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+White+House+Doctor+Called+President+Trump%27s+Health+%27Excellent%27.+Here%27s+the+Full+Summary+of+His+Physical+Exam&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Ducharme&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5105096%2Fdonald-trump-physical-exam-transcript%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nyt-20180117-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-20180117_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gina_Kolata" title="Gina Kolata">Kolata, Gina</a> (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html">"Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Physical+Revealed+Serious+Heart+Concerns%2C+Outside+Experts+Say&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Kolata%2C+Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F17%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009">Trump & Schwartz 2009</a>, p. 46.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mahler-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahler_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahler_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mahler, Jonathan; Eder, Steve (August 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27No+Vacancies%27+for+Blacks%3A+How+Donald+Trump+Got+His+Start%2C+and+Was+First+Accused+of+Bias&rft.date=2016-08-27&rft.aulast=Mahler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Eder%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F28%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-housing-race.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Korte, Gregory (September 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enquirer.com/editions/2002/09/01/loc_complex_was_troubled.html">"Complex was troubled from beginning"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer" title="The Cincinnati Enquirer">The Cincinnati Enquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Complex+was+troubled+from+beginning&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.aulast=Korte&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enquirer.com%2Feditions%2F2002%2F09%2F01%2Floc_complex_was_troubled.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mk-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mk_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mk_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kelly, Meg (February 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/02/28/the-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success/">"The tall tale of President Trump's Cincinnati 'success<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+tall+tale+of+President+Trump%27s+Cincinnati+%27success%27&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2018%2F02%2F28%2Fthe-tall-tale-of-president-trumps-cincinnati-success%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Rich, Frank</a> (April 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html">"The Original Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=The+Original+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2018%2F04%2Ffrank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CP-W-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CP-W_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Peterson-Withorn, Chase (April 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc">"Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Has+Gained+More+Than+%24100+Million+On+Mar-a-Lago&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft.aulast=Peterson-Withorn&rft.aufirst=Chase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fchasewithorn%2F2018%2F04%2F23%2Fdonald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago%2F%232fbdf3da5adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-APNews_3-29-1988-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APNews_3-29-1988_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d">"Trump Fights Property Taxes"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>. March 29, 1988<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Trump+Fights+Property+Taxes&rft.date=1988-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F7e30551e15715cb19a0a0906f407a91d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-samD10-9-17-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-samD10-9-17_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dangremond, Sam (October 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/">"Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)" title="Town & Country (magazine)">Town & Country</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Town+%26+Country&rft.atitle=Here%27s+What+We+Know+About+the+Membership+of+Mar-a-Lago&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft.aulast=Dangremond&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.townandcountrymag.com%2Fsociety%2Fmoney-and-power%2Fa9606%2Fmar-a-lago-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (October 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html">"Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%2C+Lifelong+New+Yorker%2C+Declares+Himself+a+Resident+of+Florida&rft.date=2019-10-31&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2F31%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWooten2009">Wooten 2009</a>, p. 57–58.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Merle, Renae; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a>; Sonmez, Felicia (May 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html">"Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Judge+rejects+Trump%27s+request+to+halt+congressional+subpoenas+for+his+banking+records&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Merle&rft.aufirst=Renae&rft.au=Kranish%2C+Michael&rft.au=Sonmez%2C+Felicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjudge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records%2F2019%2F05%2F22%2F28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Kazin" title="Michael Kazin">Kazin, Michael</a> (March 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html">"How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'?"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Can+Donald+Trump+and+Bernie+Sanders+Both+Be+%27Populist%27%3F&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft.aulast=Kazin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F27%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231">"Trump's 6 populist positions"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+6+populist+positions&rft.date=2016-02-13&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F02%2Fdonald-trump-working-class-voters-219231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Donaldjtrump.com-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Donaldjtrump.com_315-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform">"Tax Reform"</a>. <i>Donald J. Trump for president website</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform">the original</a> on January 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donald+J.+Trump+for+president+website&rft.atitle=Tax+Reform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldjtrump.com%2Fpositions%2Ftax-reform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ehrenfreund, Max (December 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/16/one-thing-donald-trump-got-right-about-how-the-u-s-is-spending-its-money/">"Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Liberals+will+love+something+Donald+Trump+said+last+night&rft.date=2015-12-16&rft.aulast=Ehrenfreund&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F12%2F16%2Fone-thing-donald-trump-got-right-about-how-the-u-s-is-spending-its-money%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sharman, Jon (December 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html">"Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Democrats+can+finally+agree+with+Donald+Trump+on+something&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Sharman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Williams, Mason B. (January 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-infrastructure-cities/512432/">"Would Trump's Infrastructure Plan Fix America's Cities?"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Would+Trump%27s+Infrastructure+Plan+Fix+America%27s+Cities%3F&rft.date=2017-01-07&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mason+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2017%2F01%2Ftrump-infrastructure-cities%2F512432%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Shafer" title="Jack Shafer">Shafer, Jack</a> (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/did-media-reporters-create-trump-2016-campaign-213840">"Did We Create Trump?"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <q>... Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Did+We+Create+Trump%3F&rft.date=2016-05&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2016%2F04%2Fdid-media-reporters-create-trump-2016-campaign-213840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYe6e_VxM00kCpgPA56_56]-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidYe6e_VxM00kCpgPA56_56]_320-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009">Trump & Schwartz 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC&pg=PA56">56</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-davida.fahrenthold-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-davida.fahrenthold_321-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Fahrenthold" title="David Fahrenthold">Fahrenthold, David A.</a> (August 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/">"20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=20+times+Donald+Trump+has+changed+his+mind+since+June&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Fahrenthold&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2015%2F08%2F17%2F20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-thehillFLIP-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thehillFLIP_322-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hensch, Mark (July 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=%27Meet+the+Press%27+tracks+Trump%27s+flip-flops&rft.date=2015-07-12&rft.aulast=Hensch&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fballot-box%2Fpresidential-races%2F247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-real_Donald-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-real_Donald_323-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-real_Donald_323-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Noah" title="Timothy Noah">Noah, Timothy</a> (July 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607">"Will the real Donald Trump please stand up?"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Will+the+real+Donald+Trump+please+stand+up%3F&rft.date=2015-07-26&rft.aulast=Noah&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2015%2F07%2Fwill-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nbcnews.com-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_324-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Timm, Jane C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801">"A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=A+Full+List+of+Donald+Trump%27s+Rapidly+Changing+Policy+Positions&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=Jane+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Ffull-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Walsh-160724-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh-160724_325-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh-160724_325-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenneth_T._Walsh" title="Kenneth T. Walsh">Walsh, Kenneth T.</a> (August 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt">"Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <q>'If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Media+Is+%27Dishonest+and+Corrupt%27&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-08-15%2Ftrump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Koppel" title="Ted Koppel">Koppel, Ted</a> (July 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/">"Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. <q>Well, I think that I'm an honest person<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna – you know, I do want them to be straight about it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+%22I+feel+I%27m+an+honest+person%22&rft.date=2016-07-24&rft.aulast=Koppel&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Blake-150706-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake-150706_327-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/">"Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+is+waging+war+on+political+correctness.+And+he%27s+losing.&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F07%2F06%2Fdonald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cillizza-160614-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_328-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_328-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (June 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/">"This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+Harvard+study+is+a+powerful+indictment+of+the+media%27s+role+in+Donald+Trump%27s+rise&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2Fthis-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stein, Jeff; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damian_Paletta" title="Damian Paletta">Paletta, Damian</a> (April 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html">"Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Treasury+says+it+will+miss+Democrats%27+deadline+for+turning+over+Trump+tax+returns%2C+casts+skepticism+over+request&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Paletta%2C+Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Ftreasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns%2F2019%2F04%2F10%2F14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-368"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stein, Jeff; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a> (May 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html">"Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Confidential+draft+IRS+memo+says+tax+returns+must+be+given+to+Congress+unless+president+invokes+executive+privilege&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fconfidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege%2F2019%2F05%2F21%2F8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Desilver, Drew (December 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/">"Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+victory+another+example+of+how+Electoral+College+wins+are+bigger+than+popular+vote+ones&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft.aulast=Desilver&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fwhy-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Thomas, G. Scott (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125"><i>Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 125. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3883-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3883-5"><bdi>978-1-4408-3883-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Counting+the+Votes%3A+A+New+Way+to+Analyze+America%27s+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=G.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXvxPCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-460"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-460">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Colvin, Jill; Barrow, Bill (December 14, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it">"Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <q>He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+supporters+see+plenty+of+sense+in+views+that+his+critics+denounce&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft.aulast=Colvin&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.au=Barrow%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticles%2F2015-12-14%2Ftrump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-648"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-648">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bach, Natasha (December 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/">"Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Trump+Is+the+Only+Elected+U.S.+President+Not+to+Be+Named+America%27s+Most+Admired+Man+In+His+First+Year&rft.date=2017-12-28&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2017%2F12%2F28%2Fgallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-gallup1678-649"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gallup1678_649-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gallup1678_649-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx">"Most Admired Man and Woman"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gallup_(company)" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Most+Admired+Man+and+Woman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F1678%2Fmost-admired-man-woman.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-650"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-650">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Shamsian, Jacob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/barack-and-michelle-obama-most-admired-men-women-gallup-2018-12">"Barack and Michelle Obama top Gallup's list of most-admired men and women in the world, trouncing the Trumps"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Barack+and+Michelle+Obama+top+Gallup%27s+list+of+most-admired+men+and+women+in+the+world%2C+trouncing+the+Trumps&rft.aulast=Shamsian&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fbarack-and-michelle-obama-most-admired-men-women-gallup-2018-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Qiu-651"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qiu_651-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qiu_651-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Qiu, Linda (April 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html">"Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fact-Checking+President+Trump+Through+His+First+100+Days&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-KesslerLee-652"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KesslerLee_652-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (May 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/">"President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump%27s+first+100+days%3A+The+fact+check+tally&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Lee%2C+Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Fpresident-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-653"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-653">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Qiu, Linda (June 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html">"In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+One+Rally%2C+12+Inaccurate+Claims+From+Trump&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffactcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<ul><li><cite class="citation journal">McGranahan, Carole (May 2017). "An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Ethnologist" class="mw-redirect" title="American Ethnologist">American Ethnologist</a></i>. <b>44</b> (2): 243–248. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Famet.12475">10.1111/amet.12475</a>. <q>It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=An+anthropology+of+lying%3A+Trump+and+the+political+sociality+of+moral+outrage&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=243-248&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Famet.12475&rft.aulast=McGranahan&rft.aufirst=Carole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheryl_Gay_Stolberg" title="Sheryl Gay Stolberg">Stolberg, Sheryl Gay</a> (August 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html">"Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>. <q>President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Many+Politicians+Lie.+But+Trump+Has+Elevated+the+Art+of+Fabrication.&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Stolberg&rft.aufirst=Sheryl+Gay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F07%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Flies-trump-obama-mislead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a> (December 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/">"A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>. <q>'When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_R._Beschloss" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael R. Beschloss">Michael R. Beschloss</a> said of Trump in 2018.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+year+of+unprecedented+deception%3A+Trump+averaged+15+false+claims+a+day+in+2018&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F12%2F30%2Fyear-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news">Barabak, Mark Z. (February 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html">"There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>. <q>White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations – on matters large and wincingly small – place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_C._Edwards_III" title="George C. Edwards III">George Edwards</a> put it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=There%27s+a+long+history+of+presidential+untruths.+Here%27s+why+Donald+Trump+is+%27in+a+class+by+himself%27&rft.date=2017-02-06&rft.aulast=Barabak&rft.aufirst=Mark+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Dale" title="Daniel Dale">Dale, Daniel</a> (December 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html">"Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>'We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Douglas Brinkley</a>, the prominent Rice University presidential historian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+has+spent+a+year+lying+shamelessly.+It+hasn%27t+worked&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fanalysis%2F2017%2F12%2F22%2Fdonald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (May 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html">"President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=President+Trump+lied+more+than+3%2C000+times+in+466+days&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-3000%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation web">Skjeseth, Heidi Taksdal (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf">"All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism</a></i>. <q>Trump is not the first president to be at odds with the press, but the amount of lies he delivers and his aggressive attacks on and constant undermining of the legitimacy of the media, is unprecedented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Journalism&rft.atitle=All+the+president%27s+lies%3A+Media+coverage+of+lies+in+the+US+and+France&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Skjeseth&rft.aufirst=Heidi+Taksdal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-10%2FTaksdal%2520Skjeseth%252C%2520All%2520the%2520President%2527s%2520Lies%2520-%2520Media%2520Coverage%2520of%2520lies%2520in%2520the%2520US%2520and%2520France.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal">Stern, Donnel (May 9, 2019). "Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference". <i>Psychoanalytic Dialogues</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 189–196. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996">10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996</a>. <q>Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poisoned_the_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisoned the well">poisoned the well</a> [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychoanalytic+Dialogues&rft.atitle=Constructivism+in+the+Age+of+Trump%3A+Truth%2C+Lies%2C+and+Knowing+the+Difference&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=189-196&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Donnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news">Grosz, Stephen (January 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e">"The real reason Donald Trump lies"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>. <q>We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+real+reason+Donald+Trump+lies&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft.aulast=Grosz&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-Glasser-180803-655"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glasser-180803_655-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glasser-180803_655-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susan_Glasser" title="Susan Glasser">Glasser, Susan</a> (August 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose">"It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=It%27s+True%3A+Trump+Is+Lying+More%2C+and+He%27s+Doing+It+on+Purpose&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fletter-from-trumps-washington%2Ftrumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-656"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-656">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Finnegan, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html">"Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Scope+of+Trump%27s+falsehoods+unprecedented+for+a+modern+presidential+candidate&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-657"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-657">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/">"The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Factcheck.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Factcheck.org">Factcheck.org</a></i>. December 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Factcheck.org&rft.atitle=The+%27King+of+Whoppers%27%3A+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2015%2F12%2Fthe-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-658"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-658">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lee, Michelle Ye Hee; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Kelly, Meg (October 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days">"President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+1%2C318+false+or+misleading+claims+over+263+days&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft.au=Kessler%2C+Glenn&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F10%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Kessler-190429-659"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kessler-190429_659-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (April 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/">"President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+10%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F29%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-660"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-660">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (November 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/">"President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+6%2C420+false+or+misleading+claims+over+649+days&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F11%2F02%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-661"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-661">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (September 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/">"President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+5%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F09%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-662"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-662">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (December 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/16/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/">"President Trump has made 15,413 false or misleading claims over 1,055 days"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+15%2C413+false+or+misleading+claims+over+1%2C055+days&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F12%2F16%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-663"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-663">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources:
<ul><li><cite class="citation news">Lopez, German (February 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history">"Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+long+history+of+racism%2C+from+the+1970s+to+2019&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=German&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2016%2F7%2F25%2F12270880%2Fdonald-trump-racist-racism-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race">"Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>. January 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Every+moment+in+Trump%27s+charged+relationship+with+race&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fpolitics%2Fevery-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
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<li><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a> (January 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html">"Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+history+of+making+offensive+comments+about+nonwhite+immigrants&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.aulast=Dawsey&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting%2F2018%2F01%2F11%2Fbfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
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<li id="cite_note-692"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-692">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sakuma, Amanda (October 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-surrogates-have-their-own-baggage-women-voters-n673056">"Donald Trump Surrogates Have Their Own Baggage With Women Voters"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <q>...<span class="nowrap"> </span>newly unearthed audio recordings showed Trump bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Surrogates+Have+Their+Own+Baggage+With+Women+Voters&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft.aulast=Sakuma&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Fdonald-trump-surrogates-have-their-own-baggage-women-voters-n673056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-693"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-693">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jan, Tracy (October 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/10/14/more-women-accuse-donald-trump-aggressive-sexual-behavior/Dq1F8bLwre4dOAgEeFazxN/story.html">"More women accuse Trump of aggressive sexual behavior"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <q>Trump has been confronted with a slew of allegations of sexual misconduct over the past week, starting with a <i>Washington Post</i> report of a 2005 tape featuring him bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=More+women+accuse+Trump+of+aggressive+sexual+behavior&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft.aulast=Jan&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F10%2F14%2Fmore-women-accuse-donald-trump-aggressive-sexual-behavior%2FDq1F8bLwre4dOAgEeFazxN%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-694"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-694">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lawler, David; Henderson, Barney; Allen, Nick; Sherlock, Ruth (October 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/09/us-election-donald-trump-calls-republican-leaders-traitors-and-h/">"US presidential debate recap: Polls split on whether Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton won poisonous argument"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <q>... it was a matter of minutes before the lewd tape, in which Mr. Trump brags about 'grabbing p----' and forcibly kissing women, was brought up.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=US+presidential+debate+recap%3A+Polls+split+on+whether+Donald+Trump+or+Hillary+Clinton+won+poisonous+argument&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft.aulast=Lawler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Barney&rft.au=Allen%2C+Nick&rft.au=Sherlock%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F10%2F09%2Fus-election-donald-trump-calls-republican-leaders-traitors-and-h%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NBC080716-695"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBC080716_695-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBC080716_695-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Timm, Jane C. (October 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116">"Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+caught+on+hot+mic+making+lewd+comments+about+women+in+2005&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=Jane+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Ftrump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-696"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-696">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Burns_(journalist)" title="Alex Burns (journalist)">Burns, Alexander</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Martin_(journalist)" title="Jonathan Martin (journalist)">Martin, Jonathan</a> (October 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html">"Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Apology+Caps+Day+of+Outrage+Over+Lewd+Tape&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft.au=Martin%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F08%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-women.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-697"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-697">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jensen, Salvatore (October 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009190958/https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html">"Donald Trump's vulgar conversation about women caught on hot mic"</a>. <i>Cosumnes Connection</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crcconnection.com/2016/10/08/donald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html">the original</a> on October 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cosumnes+Connection&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+vulgar+conversation+about+women+caught+on+hot+mic&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrcconnection.com%2F2016%2F10%2F08%2Fdonald-trumps-vulgar-conversation-about-women-caught-on-hot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-698"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-698">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hagen, Lisa (October 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach">"Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Kaine+on+lewd+Trump+tapes%3A+%27Makes+me+sick+to+my+stomach%27&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fballot-box%2Fpresidential-races%2F299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-699"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-699">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stacey, Madison (October 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fox59.com/2016/10/08/pence-to-fill-in-for-donald-trump-saturday-following-video-leak/">"Pence to fill in for Donald Trump Saturday following video leak"</a>. Indianapolis, Indiana: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WXIN-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WXIN-TV">WXIN-TV</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pence+to+fill+in+for+Donald+Trump+Saturday+following+video+leak&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=Madison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffox59.com%2F2016%2F10%2F08%2Fpence-to-fill-in-for-donald-trump-saturday-following-video-leak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2016-700"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2016_700-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html">"Lewd Donald Trump Tape Is a Breaking Point for Many in the G.O.P."</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lewd+Donald+Trump+Tape+Is+a+Breaking+Point+for+Many+in+the+G.O.P.&rft.date=2016-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F09%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-campaign.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-701"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-701">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Blake, Aaron (October 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/">"Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Here%27s+the+fast-growing+list+of+Republicans+calling+for+Donald+Trump+to+drop+out&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F10%2F07%2Fthe-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-702"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-702">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosalind_Helderman" title="Rosalind Helderman">Helderman, Rosalind S.</a> (October 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-growing-list-of-women-who-have-stepped-forward-to-accuse-trump-of-touching-them-inappropriately/2016/10/15/a65ddf1c-92df-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html">"The growing list of women who have stepped forward to accuse Trump of touching them inappropriately"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+growing+list+of+women+who+have+stepped+forward+to+accuse+Trump+of+touching+them+inappropriately&rft.date=2016-10-22&rft.aulast=Helderman&rft.aufirst=Rosalind+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fthe-growing-list-of-women-who-have-stepped-forward-to-accuse-trump-of-touching-them-inappropriately%2F2016%2F10%2F15%2Fa65ddf1c-92df-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-703"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-703">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stableford, Dylan (October 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-153559631.html">"The women who have accused Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yahoo!_News" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=The+women+who+have+accused+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-accusers-sexual-assault-153559631.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Vox-704"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vox_704-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Nelson, Libby; Frostenson, Sarah (October 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2016/10/13/13269448/trump-sexual-assault-allegations">"A brief guide to the 17 women Trump has allegedly assaulted, groped or harassed"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=A+brief+guide+to+the+17+women+Trump+has+allegedly+assaulted%2C+groped+or+harassed&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft.au=Frostenson%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2016%2F10%2F13%2F13269448%2Ftrump-sexual-assault-allegations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2017-705"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2017_705-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Victor, Daniel (November 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/us/politics/donald-trump-tape.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Access Hollywood' Reminds Trump: 'The Tape Is Very Real<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Access+Hollywood%27+Reminds+Trump%3A+%27The+Tape+Is+Very+Real%27&rft.date=2017-11-28&rft.aulast=Victor&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F28%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-tape.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-757"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-757">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Watson, Kathyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election/">"National Enquirer owner admits to paying off Playboy model to protect Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=National+Enquirer+owner+admits+to+paying+off+Playboy+model+to+protect+Trump&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Kathyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fprosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-759"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-759">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Singman, Brooke (August 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/22/trump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html">"Trump insists he learned of Michael Cohen payments 'later on', in 'Fox & Friends' exclusive"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Trump+insists+he+learned+of+Michael+Cohen+payments+%27later+on%27%2C+in+%27Fox+%26+Friends%27+exclusive&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft.aulast=Singman&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F08%2F22%2Ftrump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-760"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-760">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt (December 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen/2018/12/07/e144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html">"Court filings directly implicate Trump in efforts to buy women's silence, reveal new contact between inner circle and Russian"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Court+filings+directly+implicate+Trump+in+efforts+to+buy+women%27s+silence%2C+reveal+new+contact+between+inner+circle+and+Russian&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Devlin&rft.au=Zapotosky%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Ffederal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen%2F2018%2F12%2F07%2Fe144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-761"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-761">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Allen, Jonathan; Stempel, Jonathan (July 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D">"FBI documents point to Trump role in hush money for porn star Daniels"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=FBI+documents+point+to+Trump+role+in+hush+money+for+porn+star+Daniels&rft.date=2019-07-18&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Stempel%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-cohen%2Fdocuments-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-762"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-762">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mustian, Jim (July 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a">"Records detail frenetic effort to bury stories about Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Records+detail+frenetic+effort+to+bury+stories+about+Trump&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft.aulast=Mustian&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-763"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-763">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Breuninger, Kevin; Mangan, Dan (July 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/17/feds-end-probe-of-hush-money-that-trump-ex-lawyer-michael-cohen-directed.html">"Feds end probe of hush money that Trump lawyer Michael Cohen directed to Stormy Daniels, Karen McDougal"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Feds+end+probe+of+hush+money+that+Trump+lawyer+Michael+Cohen+directed+to+Stormy+Daniels%2C+Karen+McDougal&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.aulast=Breuninger&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Mangan%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F07%2F17%2Ffeds-end-probe-of-hush-money-that-trump-ex-lawyer-michael-cohen-directed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-764"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-764">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Protess, Ben; Rashbaum, William K. (August 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html">"Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Manhattan+D.A.+Subpoenas+Trump+Organization+Over+Stormy+Daniels+Hush+Money&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.aulast=Protess&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Rashbaum%2C+William+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-765"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-765">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben (September 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html">"8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A."</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=8+Years+of+Trump+Tax+Returns+Are+Subpoenaed+by+Manhattan+D.A.&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.aulast=Rashbaum&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rft.au=Protess%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-766"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-766">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Rosenberg" title="Matthew Rosenberg">Rosenberg, Matthew</a> (July 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html">"Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Misleads+on+Russian+Meddling%3A+Why+17+Intelligence+Agencies+Don%27t+Need+to+Agree&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Declassified_Report-767"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Declassified_Report_767-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html">"Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. January 6, 2017. p. ii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2017</span>. <q>We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton</a>, and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Intelligence+Report+on+Russian+Hacking&rft.pages=ii&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F01%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdocument-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-768"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-768">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Berman, Russell (March 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/">"It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=It%27s+Official%3A+The+FBI+Is+Investigating+Trump%27s+Links+to+Russia&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2017%2F03%2Fits-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia%2F520134%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-769"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-769">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">McCarthy, Tom (December 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack">"Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+relationship+with+Russia+%E2%80%93+what+we+know+and+what+comes+next&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2016%2Fdec%2F13%2Fdonald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-803"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-803">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Zapotosky, Matt; Bui, Lynh; Jackman, Tom; Barrett, Devlin (August 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html">"Manafort convicted on eight counts; mistrial declared on ten others"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Manafort+convicted+on+eight+counts%3B+mistrial+declared+on+ten+others&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.aulast=Zapotosky&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Bui%2C+Lynh&rft.au=Jackman%2C+Tom&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Devlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fmanafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count%2F2018%2F08%2F21%2Fa2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Leonnig823-804"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leonnig823_804-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carol_D._Leonnig" title="Carol D. Leonnig">Leonnig, Carol D.</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a> (August 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says/2018/08/23/17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html">"Trump sought his lawyers' advice weeks ago on possibility of pardoning Manafort, Giuliani says"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+sought+his+lawyers%27+advice+weeks+ago+on+possibility+of+pardoning+Manafort%2C+Giuliani+says&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.aulast=Leonnig&rft.aufirst=Carol+D.&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says%2F2018%2F08%2F23%2F17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-805"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-805">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosalind_Helderman" title="Rosalind Helderman">Helderman, Rosalind S.</a> (November 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html">"Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Michael+Cohen%2C+Trump%27s+former+lawyer%2C+pleads+guilty+to+lying+to+Congress+about+Moscow+project&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Devlin&rft.au=Zapotosky%2C+Matt&rft.au=Helderman%2C+Rosalind+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmichael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress%2F2018%2F11%2F29%2F5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-806"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-806">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mangan, Dan (July 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html">"Trump and Giuliani are right that 'collusion is not a crime.' But that doesn't matter for Mueller's probe"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Trump+and+Giuliani+are+right+that+%27collusion+is+not+a+crime.%27+But+that+doesn%27t+matter+for+Mueller%27s+probe&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F07%2F30%2Fgiuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-833"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-833">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mascaro, Lisa; Jalonick, Mary Clare; Miller, Zeke; Long, Colleen; Tucker, Eric; Colvin, Jill (December 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/">"House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=House+Releases+300-Page+Report+Outlining+Evidence+for+Trump%27s+Impeachment&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.aulast=Mascaro&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Jalonick%2C+Mary+Clare&rft.au=Miller%2C+Zeke&rft.au=Long%2C+Colleen&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Eric&rft.au=Colvin%2C+Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5743345%2Fhouse-releases-trump-impeachment-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-834"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-834">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Weiland, Noah (December 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html">"Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Impeachment+Briefing%3A+The+Democratic+Report&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F12%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fimpeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Intel-Report-835"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Intel-Report_835-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (December 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf">"Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+House+of+Representatives+Permanent+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+House+Permanent+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence%2C+Pursuant+to+H.+Res.+660+in+Consultation+with+the+House+Committee+on+Oversight+and+Reform+and+the+House+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.au=House+Permanent+Select+Committee+on+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintelligence.house.gov%2Fuploadedfiles%2F20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-836"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-836">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jansen, Bart; Hayes, Christal (December 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/02/house-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry/2590245001/">"House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump's dealings with Ukraine"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=House+GOP+report+on+impeachment+inquiry+defends+Trump%27s+dealings+with+Ukraine&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Christal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F12%2F02%2Fhouse-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry%2F2590245001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-837"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-837">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784183484/read-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry">"Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. December 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Republican+Report+On+The+Impeachment+Inquiry&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F12%2F02%2F784183484%2Fread-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Siegel-838"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siegel_838-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Siegel, Benjamin; Faulders, Katherine (December 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093">"House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=House+Judiciary+Committee+passes+articles+of+impeachment+against+President+Trump&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Faulders%2C+Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fhouse-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles%2Fstory%3Fid%3D67706093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-839"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-839">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gregorian, Dareh (December 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196">"Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+impeached+by+the+House+for+abuse+of+power%2C+obstruction+of+Congress&rft.date=2019-12-18&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Dareh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-impeachment-inquiry%2Ftrump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Works_cited">Works cited</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047268">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2016" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_Barrett" title="Wayne Barrett">Barrett, Wayne</a> (2016) [First published 1992]. <i>Trump: The Deals and the Downfall</i> (First Regan Art Paperback ed.). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-682450-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-682450-79-6"><bdi>978-1-682450-79-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump%3A+The+Deals+and+the+Downfall&rft.edition=First+Regan+Art+Paperback&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-682450-79-6&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/> Paperback title: <i>The greatest show on Earth – The deals, the downfall, the reinvention</i>.</li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFBlair2015a" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (2015a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ"><i>Donald Trump: The Candidate</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2937-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2937-1"><bdi>978-1-4391-2937-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%3A+The+Candidate&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dig1ZCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFBlair2015b" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (2015b) [First published 2001]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9"><bdi>978-1-5011-3936-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trumps%3A+Three+Generations+That+Built+an+Empire&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJifCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFGallup1990" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Gallup_Jr." title="George Gallup Jr.">Gallup, George Jr.</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC"><i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2344-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2344-3"><bdi>978-0-8420-2344-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion+1989&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7Tf_1GzlHEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFPacelle2001" class="citation book">Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xjp3R1PqO4C"><i>Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-23865-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-23865-2"><bdi>978-0-471-23865-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire%3A+A+Tale+of+Obsession%2C+Betrayal%2C+and+the+Battle+for+an+American+Icon&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-471-23865-2&rft.aulast=Pacelle&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Xjp3R1PqO4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFKranishFisher2017" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Fisher" title="Marc Fisher">Fisher, Marc</a> (2017) [First published 2016]. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Revealed" title="Trump Revealed"><i>Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6"><bdi>978-1-5011-5652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump+Revealed%3A+The+Definitive+Biography+of+the+45th+President&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6&rft.aulast=Kranish&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFO'DonnellRutherford1991" class="citation book">O'Donnell, John R.; Rutherford, James (1991) [First published 1991]. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trumped!_(book)" title="Trumped! (book)"><i>Trumped!</i></a>. Crossroad Press Trade Edition. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1946025-26-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1946025-26-5"><bdi>978-1946025-26-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trumped%21&rft.pub=Crossroad+Press+Trade+Edition&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1946025-26-5&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.au=Rutherford%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009" class="citation book">Trump, Donald J.; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">Schwartz, Tony</a> (2009) [First published 1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye6e_VxM00kC"><i>Trump: The Art of the Deal</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-35325-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-35325-0"><bdi>978-0-446-35325-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump%3A+The+Art+of+the+Deal&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-446-35325-0&rft.aulast=Trump&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYe6e_VxM00kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFWooten2009" class="citation book">Wooten, Sara (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC"><i>Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enslow_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enslow Publishers">Enslow Publishers</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2890-6"><bdi>978-0-7660-2890-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%3A+From+Real+Estate+to+Reality+TV&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6&rft.aulast=Wooten&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNIPOonZnkDEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047268"/><div class="refbegin reflist" style="">
<ul><li><cite class="citation book">Light, Larry (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mTB6Ip_FW-UC"><i>Taming the Beast: Wall Street's Imperfect Answers to Making Money</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-08420-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-08420-5"><bdi>978-1-118-08420-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taming+the+Beast%3A+Wall+Street%27s+Imperfect+Answers+to+Making+Money&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-118-08420-5&rft.aulast=Light&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmTB6Ip_FW-UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorbin+Allred" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corbin_Allred&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Corbin Allred</b> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Corbin+Allred">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Corbin+Allred&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
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By Corbin Allred</th></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Corbin+Allred">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Corbin+Allred&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
</tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump">President Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/POTUS">President Trump</a> on Twitter (professional)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump">Donald Trump</a> on Twitter (personal)</li>
<li><span class="error">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Facebook" title="Template:Facebook">Facebook</a>}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donaldjtrump.com/">Donald J. Trump for President campaign website</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230">Donald Trump</a> at <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump">"Donald Trump collected news and commentary"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159">"Donald Trump collected news and commentary"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump">Donald Trump appearances</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumparchive">Donald Trump</a> on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump">Talking About Donald Trump</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Interviews:_An_Oral_History_of_Television" title="The Interviews: An Oral History of Television">The Interviews: An Oral History of Television</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donald_Trump" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump" title="Template:Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Donald_Trump&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donald_Trump" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_45th_President_of_the_United_States_(2017–present)&#10;*_Owner_of_The_Trump_Organization_(Chairman/President:_1971–2017)&#10;*_Executive_producer_of_The_Apprentice_(Host:_2004–2015)">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">45th</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2017–present)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">Owner of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></span> (Chairman/President: 1971–2017)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap">Executive producer of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i> (Host: 2004–2015)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">Election</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election">Reactions</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_100_days_of_Donald_Trump%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency">first 100 days</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">2017 Q1</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">2017 Q2</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">2017 Q3</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">2017 Q4</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">2018 Q1</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">2018 Q2</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">2018 Q3</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">2018 Q4</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">2019 Q1</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">2019 Q2</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">2019 Q3</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">2019 Q4</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">2020 Q1</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">domestic trips</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)">2020</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international trips</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Polls</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">formation</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">withdrawn</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Appointments</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">ambassadors</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">economic advisors</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">federal judges</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Neil Gorsuch</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Brett Kavanaugh</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">U.S. Attorneys</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">short tenures</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">U.S. Attorneys</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">James Comey</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Pardons and commutations</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">Joe Arpaio</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">Government shutdowns</span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="2096" /><br /><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">legal affairs</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">Honors and awards</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economy</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environment</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_(2015%E2%80%9316)" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump (2015–16)">positions as candidate</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal withdrawal</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">North Korea summits</span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barisha_raid" title="Barisha raid">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike" title="2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike">Death of Qasem Soleimani</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Timeline of protests against Donald Trump">timeline</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump">assassination attempt</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts to impeach</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">Lawsuits</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity of statements</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Deal" title="Trump: The Art of the Deal">Trump: The Art of the Deal</a></i> (1987)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump:_Surviving_at_the_Top" title="Trump: Surviving at the Top">Trump: Surviving at the Top</a></i> (1990)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Comeback" title="Trump: The Art of the Comeback">Trump: The Art of the Comeback</a></i> (1997)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_America_We_Deserve" title="The America We Deserve">The America We Deserve</a></i> (2000)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_101" title="Trump 101">Trump 101</a></i> (2006)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Why_We_Want_You_to_Be_Rich" title="Why We Want You to Be Rich">Why We Want You to Be Rich</a></i> (2006)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Think_Big_and_Kick_Ass" title="Think Big and Kick Ass">Think Big and Kick Ass</a></i> (2007)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_to_Get_Tough" title="Time to Get Tough">Time to Get Tough</a></i> (2011)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midas_Touch_(book)" title="Midas Touch (book)">Midas Touch</a></i> (2011)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crippled_America" title="Crippled America">Crippled America</a></i> (2015)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inaugural address</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2017 Donald Trump speech to joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_speech_in_Warsaw,_Poland" title="Donald Trump's speech in Warsaw, Poland">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></i></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2019_Oval_Office_address" title="January 2019 Oval Office address">Oval Office address</a> (2019)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000 presidential campaign</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016 presidential campaign</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>"</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican primaries</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">General election</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">Republican opposition</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech" title="Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech">Mitt Romney speech</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> recording</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_post-election_Donald_Trump_rallies" title="List of post-election Donald Trump rallies">rallies</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">In popular culture</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">filmography</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">in music</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_family" title="Trump family">Trump family</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Immediate family</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/85-15_Wareham_Place" title="85-15 Wareham Place">85-15 Wareham Place</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_(Bedminster,_New_Jersey)" title="Trump National Golf Club (Bedminster, New Jersey)">Bedminster</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Visionary" title="The Visionary">The Visionary</a></i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">On social media</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Real_News_Update" title="Real News Update">Real News Update</a></i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Covfefe" title="Covfefe">Covfefe</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fake_News_Awards" title="Fake News Awards">Fake News Awards</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames used by Trump</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pseudonyms_of_Donald_Trump" title="Pseudonyms of Donald Trump">Pseudonyms</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_Force_One" title="Trump Force One">Trump Force One</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome" title="Trump derangement syndrome">Trump derangement syndrome</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">← Barack Obama</a></b></span></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump" title="Category:Donald Trump">Category</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Book:Donald_Trump" title="Book:Donald Trump">Book</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:US_Presidents" title="Template:US Presidents"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:US_Presidents" title="Template talk:US Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:US_Presidents&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 18em; -webkit-column-width: 18em; column-width: 18em;">
<ol><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">1789–1797</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">1797–1801</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Presidency of Thomas Jefferson">1801–1809</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">1809–1817</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">1817–1825</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">1825–1829</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">1829–1837</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">1837–1841</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Henry_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of William Henry Harrison">1841</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">1841–1845</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">1845–1849</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Zachary_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Zachary Taylor">1849–1850</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">1850–1853</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">1853–1857</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">1857–1861</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">1861–1865</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">1865–1869</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant">1869–1877</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes">1877–1881</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_James_A._Garfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of James A. Garfield">1881</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur" title="Presidency of Chester A. Arthur">1881–1885</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1885–1889</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">1889–1893</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1893–1897</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley" title="Presidency of William McKinley">1897–1901</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">1901–1909</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidency of William Howard Taft">1909–1913</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">1913–1921</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidency of Warren G. Harding">1921–1923</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">1923–1929</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidency of Herbert Hoover">1929–1933</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt">1933–1945</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">1945–1953</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953–1961</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">1961–1963</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">1963–1969</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">1969–1974</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">1974–1977</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">1977–1981</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">1981–1989</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">1989–1993</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">1993–2001</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">2001–2009</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">2009–2017</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">2017–present</a>)</li></ol>
</div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/85px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency timelines</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency">T. Roosevelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency" title="Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency">Harding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Calvin_Coolidge_presidency" title="Timeline of the Calvin Coolidge presidency">Coolidge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency" title="Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency">Hoover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">F. D. Roosevelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency" title="Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency">Truman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">Eisenhower</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">Kennedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">L. B. Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency" title="Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency">Nixon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gerald_Ford_presidency" title="Timeline of the Gerald Ford presidency">Ford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_presidency" title="Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency">Reagan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency">G. H. W. Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">Clinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">G. W. Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Obama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Trump</a></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Book:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Book:Presidents of the United States">Book</a></li>
<li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Presidents of the United States">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="List-Class article" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="List-Class article" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">List</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(2012_←)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(→_2020)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(2012_←)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(→_2020)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> ←) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> (→ <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_2016_United_States_elections&#10;*_Fundraising&#10;*_Political_positions&#10;*_Polls&#10;**_national&#10;***_demographically&#10;**_statewide&#10;**_international&#10;*_Social_media&#10;*_Timeline&#10;*_General_election_debates&#10;*_Newspaper_endorsements&#10;**_primary&#10;*_Vote_pairing&#10;*_Recounts&#10;*_Russian_interference&#10;*_Faithless_electors">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_elections" title="2016 United States elections">2016 United States elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_political_affiliation" title="Political positions of the 2016 United States presidential candidates by political affiliation">Political positions</a></li>
<li>Polls
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">national</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election_by_demographic" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election by demographic">demographically</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">statewide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">General election debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_primaries" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential primaries">primary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vote_pairing_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election">Vote pairing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_recounts" title="2016 United States presidential election recounts">Recounts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election">Faithless electors</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Republican Party</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li>
<li>Polls
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">straw</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign primary endorsements">primary</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Protests_during_Trump's_campaign" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protests</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">Republican opposition</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Other candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeb_Bush_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeb_Bush" title="Political positions of Jeb Bush">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Carson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Christie_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ted_Cruz" title="Political positions of Ted Cruz">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Everson" title="Mark Everson">Mark Everson</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carly_Fiorina_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lindsey_Graham_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Jindal_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josue_Larose" title="Josue Larose">Josue Larose</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dennis_Michael_Lynch" title="Dennis Michael Lynch">Dennis Michael Lynch</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Pataki_2016_presidential_campaign" title="George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rand_Paul_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rand_Paul" title="Political positions of Rand Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Perry_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Rubio_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marco_Rubio" title="Political positions of Marco Rubio">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Walker_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Democratic Party</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_superdelegates,_2016" title="List of Democratic Party superdelegates, 2016">Superdelegates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li>
<li>Polls
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">straw</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd>endorsements
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Other candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Braun" title="Harry Braun">Harry Braun</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_T._Farrell_Jr." title="Paul T. Farrell Jr.">Paul T. Farrell Jr.</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keith_Judd" title="Keith Judd">Keith Judd</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Webb_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willie_Wilson_(businessman)" title="Willie Wilson (businessman)">Willie Wilson</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wolfe_Jr." title="John Wolfe Jr.">John Wolfe Jr.</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Libertarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Gary_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Gary Johnson">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Other candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austin_Petersen" title="Austin Petersen">Austin Petersen</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darryl_W._Perry" title="Darryl W. Perry">Darryl W. Perry</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Green Party</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ajamu_Baraka" title="Ajamu Baraka">Ajamu Baraka</a></dd>
<dt>Other candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darryl_Cherney" title="Darryl Cherney">Darryl Cherney</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sedinam_Kinamo_Christin_Moyowasifza_Curry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedinam Kinamo Christin Moyowasifza Curry">Sedinam Kinamo Christin Moyowasifza Curry</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Constitution Party</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention#2016_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darrell_Castle" title="Darrell Castle">Darrell Castle</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darrell_Castle_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Other candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Better_for_America" title="Better for America">Better for America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evan_McMullin" title="Evan McMullin">Evan McMullin</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mindy_Finn" title="Mindy Finn">Mindy Finn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>American Delta Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></dd>
<dt>American Party of South Carolina</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Skewes" title="Peter Skewes">Peter Skewes</a></dd>
<dt>American Solidarity Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Maturen" title="Mike Maturen">Mike Maturen</a></dd>
<dt>America's Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wiley_Drake" title="Wiley Drake">Wiley Drake</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd>
<dt>Nutrition Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rod_Silva_(businessman)" title="Rod Silva (businessman)">Rod Silva</a></dd>
<dt>Party for Socialism and Liberation</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a>*</dd>
<dt>Peace and Freedom Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a></dd>
<dd>Other candidates</dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></dd>
<dt>Prohibition Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></dd>
<dt>Reform Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></dd>
<dd>Other candidates</dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darcy_Richardson" title="Darcy Richardson">Darcy Richardson</a></dd>
<dt>Socialist Action</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></dd>
<dt>Socialist Equality Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></dd>
<dt>Socialist Party USA</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik" title="Mimi Soltysik">Mimi Soltysik</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Mimi Soltysik 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Nicole Walker</a></dd>
<dt>Socialist Workers Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></dd>
<dd><b>VP nominee:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osborne_Hart" title="Osborne Hart">Osborne Hart</a></dd>
<dt>United States Pacifist Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></dd>
<dt>Workers World Party</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></dd>
<dt>Independent candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></dd>
<dt>Not on any ballots</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Bilzerian" title="Dan Bilzerian">Dan Bilzerian</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ken_Fields" title="Ken Fields">Ken Fields</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waka_Flocka_Flame" title="Waka Flocka Flame">Waka Flocka Flame</a>*</dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terry_Jones_(pastor)" title="Terry Jones (pastor)">Terry Jones</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rabbit_Hash,_Kentucky" title="Rabbit Hash, Kentucky">Lucy Lou</a>*</dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deez_Nuts_(politician)" title="Deez Nuts (politician)">Deez Nuts</a>*</dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Schwartz" title="Guy Schwartz">Guy Schwartz</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_White" title="Ron White">Ron White</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Williams_(voice-over_artist)" title="Ted Williams (voice-over artist)">Ted Williams</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt></dt></dl>
<p>* : These candidates are constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.
</p>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Republican_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Republican Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Republican Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Republican_Party_(United_States)&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Republican_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"> United States Republican Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_Republican_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets">Presidential<br />tickets</a><br />and<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">National<br />Conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">Dayton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">1864 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention" title="1868 Republican National Convention">1868 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention" title="1872 Republican National Convention">1872 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention" title="1876 Republican National Convention">1876 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Hayes</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_A._Wheeler" title="William A. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1880_Republican_National_Convention" title="1880 Republican National Convention">1880 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Arthur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1884_Republican_National_Convention" title="1884 Republican National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1888_Republican_National_Convention" title="1888 Republican National Convention">1888 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Levi_P._Morton" title="Levi P. Morton">Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1892_Republican_National_Convention" title="1892 Republican National Convention">1892 (Minneapolis)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Reid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1896_Republican_National_Convention" title="1896 Republican National Convention">1896 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Hobart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention" title="1904 Republican National Convention">1904 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">Sherman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">Sherman</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention" title="1916 Republican National Convention">1916 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention" title="1924 Republican National Convention">1924 (Cleveland)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">1928 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1932_Republican_National_Convention" title="1932 Republican National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1936_Republican_National_Convention" title="1936 Republican National Convention">1936 (Cleveland)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Landon</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Knox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_Republican_National_Convention" title="1940 Republican National Convention">1940 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Willkie</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1944_Republican_National_Convention" title="1944 Republican National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Dewey</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">Bricker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Dewey</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1964_Republican_National_Convention" title="1964 Republican National Convention">1964 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980 (Detroit)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984 (Dallas)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">1988 (New Orleans)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">1996 (San Diego)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Kemp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">2000 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">2004 (New York)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">2008 (St. Paul)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">2012 (Tampa)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016 (Cleveland)</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">2020 (Charlotte)</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate<br />leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">J. P. Hale</a> (1859–1862)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1862–1884)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> (1884–1885)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a> (1885–1891)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> (1891–1897)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a> (1897–1908)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">E. Hale</a> (1908–1911)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_Moore_Cullom" title="Shelby Moore Cullom">Cullom</a> (1911–1913)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob_Harold_Gallinger" title="Jacob Harold Gallinger">Gallinger</a> (1913–1918)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a> (1918–1924)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a> (1924–1929)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Eli_Watson" title="James Eli Watson">Watson</a> (1929–1933)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a> (1933–1940)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren_Austin" title="Warren Austin">Austin</a> (1940–1941)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a> (1941–1944)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wallace_H._White_Jr." title="Wallace H. White Jr.">White</a> (1944–1949)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenneth_S._Wherry" title="Kenneth S. Wherry">Wherry</a> (1949–1952)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a> (1952–1953)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft</a> (1953)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Knowland" title="William Knowland">Knowland</a> (1953–1959)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a> (1959–1969)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Scott</a> (1969–1977)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Baker</a> (1977–1979)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (1979–1980)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Baker</a> (1980–1985)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a> (1985–1996)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Lott</a> (1996–2003)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Frist</a> (2003–2007)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> (2007–present)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Pennington" title="William Pennington">Pennington</a> (1860–1861)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow" title="Galusha A. Grow">Grow</a> (1861–1863)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a> (1863–1869)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a> (1869)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a> (1869–1875)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._McCrary" title="George W. McCrary">McCrary</a> (1875–1877)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">Hale</a> (1877–1879)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> (1879–1881)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._Warren_Keifer" title="J. Warren Keifer">Keifer</a> (1881–1883)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a> (1883–1889)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1889–1891)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_J._Henderson_(politician)" title="Thomas J. Henderson (politician)">T. J. Henderson</a> (1891–1895)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1895–1899)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_B._Henderson" title="David B. Henderson">D. B. Henderson</a> (1899–1903)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a> (1903–1911)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois_politician)" title="James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)">Mann</a> (1911–1919)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a> (1919–1925)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a> (1925–1931)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bertrand_Snell" title="Bertrand Snell">Snell</a> (1931–1939)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a> (1939–1959)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a> (1959–1965)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a> (1965–1973)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Jacob_Rhodes" title="John Jacob Rhodes">Rhodes</a> (1973–1981)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Michel</a> (1981–1995)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a> (1995–1999)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Hastert</a> (1999–2007)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a> (2007–2015)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a> (2015–2019)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy_(California_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin McCarthy (California politician)">McCarthy</a> (2019–present)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairs of<br />the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">RNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Raymond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Lawrence_Ward" title="Marcus Lawrence Ward">Ward</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marshall_Jewell" title="Marshall Jewell">Jewell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_M._Sabin" title="Dwight M. Sabin">Sabin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Jones_(industrialist)" title="Benjamin Franklin Jones (industrialist)">Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Quay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_S._Clarkson" title="James S. Clarkson">Clarkson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_J._Campbell_(Illinois_politician)" title="William J. Campbell (Illinois politician)">Campbell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_H._Carter" title="Thomas H. Carter">Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Hanna" title="Mark Hanna">Hanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Clay_Payne" title="Henry Clay Payne">Payne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Stewart_New" title="Harry Stewart New">New</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Harris_Hitchcock" title="Frank Harris Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Fremont_Hill" title="John Fremont Hill">Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_Rosewater" title="Victor Rosewater">Rosewater</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_D._Hilles" title="Charles D. Hilles">Hilles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Russell_Willcox" title="William Russell Willcox">Wilcox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays">Hays</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_T._Adams" title="John T. Adams">Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_M._Butler" title="William M. Butler">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Work</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius_H._Huston" title="Claudius H. Huston">Huston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simeon_D._Fess" title="Simeon D. Fess">Fess</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Everett_Sanders" title="Everett Sanders">Sanders</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hamilton_(Kansas)" title="John Hamilton (Kansas)">Hamilton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bailey_Walsh" title="Bailey Walsh">Walsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrison_E._Spangler" title="Harrison E. Spangler">Spangler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Brownell_Jr." title="Herbert Brownell Jr.">Brownell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B._Carroll_Reece" title="B. Carroll Reece">Reece</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Scott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Gabrielson" title="Guy Gabrielson">Gabrielson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Summerfield" title="Arthur Summerfield">Summerfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C._Wesley_Roberts" title="C. Wesley Roberts">Roberts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_W._Hall" title="Leonard W. Hall">Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meade_Alcorn" title="Meade Alcorn">Alcorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dean_Burch" title="Dean Burch">Burch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ray_C._Bliss" title="Ray C. Bliss">Bliss</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">R. Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_(politician)" title="Mary Louise Smith (politician)">Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Brock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Richards_(Utah_politician)" title="Richard Richards (Utah politician)">Richards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Laxalt" title="Paul Laxalt">Laxalt</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Fahrenkopf" title="Frank Fahrenkopf">Fahrenkopf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Fahrenkopf" title="Frank Fahrenkopf">Fahrenkopf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter" title="Clayton Yeutter">Yeutter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Bond_(political_executive)" title="Richard Bond (political executive)">Bond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haley_Barbour" title="Haley Barbour">Barbour</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs)" title="Jim Nicholson (Secretary of Veterans Affairs)">Nicholson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Racicot" title="Marc Racicot">Racicot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Gillespie" title="Ed Gillespie">Gillespie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ken_Mehlman" title="Ken Mehlman">Mehlman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mel_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Mel Martínez">Martínez</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Duncan" title="Mike Duncan">Duncan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Duncan" title="Mike Duncan">Duncan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Steele" title="Michael Steele">Steele</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Priebus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel" title="Ronna McDaniel">Romney McDaniel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Republican Party (United States)">Parties</a> by<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> and<br />territory</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alabama_Republican_Party" title="Alabama Republican Party">Alabama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska_Republican_Party" title="Alaska Republican Party">Alaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arizona_Republican_Party" title="Arizona Republican Party">Arizona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Republican Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party">California</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colorado_Republican_Party" title="Colorado Republican Party">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Connecticut_Republican_Party" title="Connecticut Republican Party">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Delaware" title="Republican State Committee of Delaware">Delaware</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Florida" title="Republican Party of Florida">Florida</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_Republican_Party" title="Georgia Republican Party">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawaii_Republican_Party" title="Hawaii Republican Party">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idaho_Republican_Party" title="Idaho Republican Party">Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illinois_Republican_Party" title="Illinois Republican Party">Illinois</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_Republican_Party" title="Indiana Republican Party">Indiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Iowa" title="Republican Party of Iowa">Iowa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kansas_Republican_Party" title="Kansas Republican Party">Kansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Kentucky" title="Republican Party of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Louisiana" title="Republican Party of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine_Republican_Party" title="Maine Republican Party">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Maryland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts_Republican_Party" title="Massachusetts Republican Party">Massachusetts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan_Republican_Party" title="Michigan Republican Party">Michigan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Minnesota" title="Republican Party of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mississippi_Republican_Party" title="Mississippi Republican Party">Mississippi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Missouri_Republican_Party" title="Missouri Republican Party">Missouri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montana_Republican_Party" title="Montana Republican Party">Montana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nebraska_Republican_Party" title="Nebraska Republican Party">Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevada_Republican_Party" title="Nevada Republican Party">Nevada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_State_Committee" title="New Hampshire Republican State Committee">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey_Republican_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Republican State Committee">New Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Republican Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Republican_State_Committee" title="New York Republican State Committee">New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Carolina_Republican_Party" title="North Carolina Republican Party">North Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="North Dakota Republican Party">North Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ohio_Republican_Party" title="Ohio Republican Party">Ohio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_Republican_Party" title="Oklahoma Republican Party">Oklahoma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oregon_Republican_Party" title="Oregon Republican Party">Oregon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Pennsylvania" title="Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhode_Island_Republican_Party" title="Rhode Island Republican Party">Rhode Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Carolina_Republican_Party" title="South Carolina Republican Party">South Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="South Dakota Republican Party">South Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee_Republican_Party" title="Tennessee Republican Party">Tennessee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Texas" title="Republican Party of Texas">Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Utah_Republican_Party" title="Utah Republican Party">Utah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party" title="Vermont Republican Party">Vermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Virginia" title="Republican Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_State_Republican_Party" title="Washington State Republican Party">Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Virginia_Republican_Party" title="West Virginia Republican Party">West Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Republican Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyoming_Republican_Party" title="Wyoming Republican Party">Wyoming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territory</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_American_Samoa" title="Republican Party of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Republican_Party" title="District of Columbia Republican Party">District of Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Guam" title="Republican Party of Guam">Guam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" title="Republican Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Republican Party of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Republican Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Republican Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated <br /> organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundraising<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Republican_Congressional_Committee" title="National Republican Congressional Committee">National Republican Congressional Committee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Republican_Senatorial_Committee" title="National Republican Senatorial Committee">National Republican Senatorial Committee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Governors_Association" title="Republican Governors Association">Republican Governors Association</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectional<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_Republicans" title="College Republicans">College Republicans</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_chairpersons_of_the_College_Republicans" title="List of chairpersons of the College Republicans">Chairmen</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Congressional Hispanic Conference</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">Log Cabin Republicans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Jewish_Coalition" title="Republican Jewish Coalition">Republican Jewish Coalition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Hispanic_Assembly" title="Republican National Hispanic Assembly">Republican National Hispanic Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republicans_Abroad" title="Republicans Abroad">Republicans Abroad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teen_Age_Republicans" title="Teen Age Republicans">Teen Age Republicans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">Young Republicans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republicans_Overseas" title="Republicans Overseas">Republicans Overseas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factional<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Majority_for_Choice" title="Republican Majority for Choice">Republican Majority for Choice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Liberty_Caucus" title="Republican Liberty Caucus">Republican Liberty Caucus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Coalition_for_Life" title="Republican National Coalition for Life">Republican National Coalition for Life</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">Republican Study Committee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberty_Caucus" title="Liberty Caucus">Liberty Caucus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wish_List_(political_organization)" title="The Wish List (political organization)">The Wish List</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuesday_Group" title="Tuesday Group">Tuesday Group</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />articles</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" title="History of the United States Republican Party">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2009_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2009 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2009 chairmanship election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2011 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2011 chairmanship election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2013 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2013 chairmanship election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2015 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2015 chairmanship election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2017 chairmanship election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of the Republican Party">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" title="International Democrat Union">International Democrat Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Timeline of modern American conservatism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> </span> (1960)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Anders" class="mw-redirect" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> </span> (1968)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> American Women: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carol_Sutton" title="Carol Sutton">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> </span> (1975)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Peacemakers: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> </span> (1993)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> </span> (2002)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melinda_Gates" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a> </span> (2005)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> </span> (2014)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Me_Too_(hashtag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too (hashtag)">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Guardians: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inn_Din_massacre#Arrest_of_Reuters_journalists" title="Inn Din massacre">Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a></i> </span> (2018)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Book:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Book:Time Persons of the Year">Book</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leadership_roles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Leadership_roles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership roles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_NATO" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:NATO_leaders" title="Template:NATO leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:NATO_leaders" title="Template talk:NATO leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:NATO_leaders&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_NATO" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">Leaders of NATO</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Stoltenberg</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sophie_Wilm%C3%A8s" title="Sophie Wilmès">Wilmès</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boyko_Borisov" title="Boyko Borisov">Borisov</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1" title="Andrej Babiš">Babiš</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Ratas" title="Jüri Ratas">Ratas</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katr%C3%ADn_Jakobsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Katrín Jakobsdóttir">Katrín</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arturs_Kri%C5%A1j%C4%81nis_Kari%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš">Kariņš</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xavier_Bettel" title="Xavier Bettel">Bettel</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Markovi%C4%87" title="Duško Marković">Marković</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oliver_Spasovski" title="Oliver Spasovski">Spasovski</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erna_Solberg" title="Erna Solberg">Solberg</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Morawiecki</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa" title="António Costa">Costa</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Pellegrini</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marjan_%C5%A0arec" title="Marjan Šarec">Šarec</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li>
<li> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_G8" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Current_G8_Leaders" title="Template:Current G8 Leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G8_Leaders" title="Template talk:Current G8 Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Current_G8_Leaders&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_G8" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_G8_leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="List of G8 leaders">Leaders of the</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/G8" class="mw-redirect" title="G8">G8</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" title="Shinzō Abe">Abe</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> (suspended)</li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:List_of_Current_Heads_of_State_of_G20" title="Template:List of Current Heads of State of G20"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Current_Heads_of_State_of_G20" title="Template talk:List of Current Heads of State of G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Current_Heads_of_State_of_G20&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Fernández</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> <small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">Hurley</a>)</small></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> <small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Payette</a>)</small></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Steinmeier</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Kovind</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Jokowi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">López Obrador</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:List_of_Current_Heads_of_Government_of_G20" title="Template:List of Current Heads of Government of G20"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:List_of_Current_Heads_of_Government_of_G20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:List of Current Heads of Government of G20 (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Current_Heads_of_Government_of_G20&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Fernández</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Morrison</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edouard_Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Philippe">Philippe</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li></ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Jokowi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">López Obrador</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Medvedev</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon</a> <small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Nak-yeon" title="Lee Nak-yeon">Lee</a>)</small></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:G20_Leaders" title="Template:G20 Leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:G20_Leaders" title="Template talk:G20 Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:G20_Leaders&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/G20" title="G20">Leaders of the G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Fernández</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Morrison</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Jokowi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" title="Shinzō Abe">Abe</a></li></ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">López Obrador</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li></ul>
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<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:APEC_Leaders" title="Template:APEC Leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:APEC_Leaders" title="Template talk:APEC Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:APEC_Leaders&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Leaders</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Morrison</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Piñera</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Taipei_Representatives_to_APEC" title="List of Chinese Taipei Representatives to APEC">Presidential Envoy</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morris_Chang" title="Morris Chang">Chang</a>)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Lam</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Jokowi</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" title="Shinzō Abe">Abe</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir</a></span></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">López Obrador</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Vizcarra" title="Martín Vizcarra">Vizcarra</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Duterte</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prayut_Chan-o-cha" title="Prayut Chan-o-cha">Prayut</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Trọng</a></span></li></ul>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:175px"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on Wikipedia's</span><br /><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Donald_Trump" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Category:Donald Trump">News stories</a><br />from Wikinews</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:en:Donald_Trump#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Category:en:Donald Trump">Definitions</a><br />from Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Corbin_Allred" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Corbin Allred">Quotations</a><br />from Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Donald_John_Trump" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Donald John Trump">Source texts</a><br />from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Q22686" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Q22686">Data</a><br />from Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326984&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326984&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326984" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6042034">6042034</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1275568">XX1275568</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000363412646">0000 0003 6341 2646</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2012091314">no2012091314</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/228158342">228158342</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/228158342">228158342</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1578949431 |