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[ 0 => 'A penis pump, or penis vacuum, is an external [[medical device]] developed to treat [[male]] [[erectile dysfunction]]. The device is designed for the patient to get and mantain [[erection]] by [[blood flow]] [[suction]] to the [[penis]], via a vacuum. It is also used to recover from effects of [[Peyronie's disease]] and [[penis enlargement]] therapy.', 1 => '== Description ==', 2 => 'The penis pump is composed by a [[cylinder]] and a [[battery]]-powered or hand powered [[vacuum]]. Some models can be acquired with a body shield and a ring. There are models of penis pumps that were patented as early as 1967.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=3495589|title=United States Patent: 3495589|gdate=February 17, 1970|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&s1=3495589.PN.}}</ref> By 1989, over 15,000 units were marketed worldwide.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Witherington Roy|date=1989-02-01|title=Vacuum Constriction Device for Management of Erectile Impotence|url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40752-X|journal=Journal of Urology|volume=141|issue=2|pages=320–322|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40752-X}}</ref>', 3 => '', 4 => 'The penis pump work by setting up the cylinder and placing it around the penis. If the penis pump model has a body shield, the patient has to place it between the [[skin]] and the cylinder, to protect from skin damage. After placing the cylinder, the patient needs to trigger the vacuum battery, which can be hand-powered or battery-powered. After the blood flow is attracted and trapped inside the penis, the patient is going to have an erection, or an erection-like state. Some models of this vacuum erection device comes with a ring to help trap the blood inside the penis and make the erection last longer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/erectile-dysfunction/guide/vacuum-constriction-devices|title=Erectile Dysfunction and Vacuum Constriction Devices|website=WebMD|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref>', 5 => '', 6 => '== Success Rates ==', 7 => 'In a questionnaire of 1517 patients, 92% reported having an erection, or an erection like state that was satisfactory. Out of those patients, 77% usually have sexual intercourse at least once in two weeks.<ref name=":0" /> On another study, 202 patients were divided in two groups. 69% of the patients in the first group and 70% of the patients in the second group reported regular use of the vacuum device. Patient and partner satisfaction was 82% and 87% in the respective groups.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Cookson Michael S.|last2=Nadig Perry W.|date=1993-02-01|title=Long-Term Results with Vacuum Constriction Device|url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36059-7|journal=Journal of Urology|volume=149|issue=2|pages=290–294|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36059-7}}</ref> There is positive confirmation that the penis pump is safe and tolerable as a rehabilitation for patients after radical [[prostatectomy]], and that it improves erectile function in 84-95% of patients in a similar condition.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lin|first=Haocheng|last2=Wang|first2=Run|date=2013-3|title=The science of vacuum erectile device in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4708600/|journal=Translational Andrology and Urology|volume=2|issue=1|pages=61–66|doi=10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2013.01.04|issn=2223-4691|pmc=4708600|pmid=26816725}}</ref>', 8 => '', 9 => 'Studies also evaluated the quality of erection for hardness, lenght, and circumference, with a satisfaction greater than 90% in these aspects.<ref name=":1" /> Another study measured the average ridity at the base and tip of the penis after application of the vacuum device, with improvements higher than 80%. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bosshardt|first=R. J.|last2=Farwerk|first2=R.|last3=Sikora|first3=R.|last4=Sohn|first4=M.|last5=Jakse|first5=G.|date=1995|title=Objective measurement of the effectiveness, therapeutic success and dynamic mechanisms of the vacuum device|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07392.x|journal=British Journal of Urology|language=en|volume=75|issue=6|pages=786–791|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07392.x|issn=1464-410X}}</ref> ', 10 => '', 11 => 'There's evidence that indicates that the use of a penis pump can help patients to recover from [[Peyronie's disease]]. A study indicates recovery from the shortened penis state on multiple patients.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lue|first=TOM F.|last2=El-sakka|first2=AHMED I.|date=1999-04-01|title=LENGTHENING SHORTENED PENIS CAUSED BY PEYRONIE'S DISEASE USING CIRCULAR VENOUS GRAFTING AND DAILY STRETCHING WITH A VACUUM ERECTION DEVICE|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022534701616136|journal=The Journal of Urology|language=en|volume=161|issue=4|pages=1141–1144|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61613-6|issn=0022-5347}}</ref> major increase in penis size, which supports use of penis pump for penis enlargement therapy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nikoobakht|first=Mohammadreza|last2=Shahnazari|first2=Alireza|last3=Rezaeidanesh|first3=Maedeh|last4=Mehrsai|first4=Abdolrasoul|last5=Pourmand|first5=Gholamreza|date=2011-11|title=Effect of penile-extender device in increasing penile size in men with shortened penis: preliminary results|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102448|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|volume=8|issue=11|pages=3188–3192|doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01662.x|issn=1743-6109|pmid=20102448}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raheem|first=Amr Abdel|last2=Garaffa|first2=Giulio|last3=Raheem|first3=Tarek Abdel|last4=Dixon|first4=Michelle|last5=Kayes|first5=Amanda|last6=Christopher|first6=Nim|last7=Ralph|first7=David|date=2010|title=The role of vacuum pump therapy to mechanically straighten the penis in Peyronie’s disease|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09365.x|journal=BJU International|language=en|volume=106|issue=8|pages=1178–1180|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09365.x|issn=1464-410X}}</ref>', 12 => '', 13 => '== Risks ==', 14 => 'A study reported two cases of [[subcutaneous]] penile [[Bleeding|hemorrhage]] in patients using [[anticoagulant]] therapy (one treated with subcutaneous [[heparin]] and one with [[coumadin]]) and cases of penile [[gangrene]] occurred in three different males.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rivas|first=David A.|last2=Chancellor|first2=Michael B.|date=1994-07-01|title=Complications Associated with the Use of Vacuum Constriction Devices for Erectile Dysfunction in the Spinal Cord Injured Population|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01952307.1994.11735923|journal=The Journal of The American Paraplegia Society|volume=17|issue=3|pages=136–139|doi=10.1080/01952307.1994.11735923|issn=0195-2307}}</ref>', 15 => '', 16 => '=== Special cares ===', 17 => 'Some models of penis pump comes with a [[constriction]] ring to prevent [[venous]] outflow, which reduces the percentage of [[oxygenated]] blood and results in [[ischemia]] after 30 minutes of use. Some patients opt to use this complimentary device to increase the time of erection. Vacuum erection device without the constriction ring is a prime therapy for use in penile rehabilitation, however, it needs the particular care of taking the constriction ring after 30 minutes.', 18 => '', 19 => '== See also ==', 20 => '', 21 => '* [[Erectile dysfunction]]', 22 => '* [[Penile prosthesis|Penile prothesis]]', 23 => '* [[Penis enlargement]]', 24 => '* [[Peyronie's disease]]', 25 => '', 26 => '== References ==', 27 => '<references />', 28 => '__INDEX__', 29 => '__NEWSECTIONLINK__', 30 => '[[Category:Urology]]', 31 => '[[Category:Urological conditions]]', 32 => '[[Category:Urologic procedures]]', 33 => '[[Category:Medical devices]]' ]