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'{{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Cathedral, [[Alcázar of Seville|Alcázar]] and [[Archivo General de Indias|Archivo de Indias]] in Seville | Image = [[Image:Sevila10.JPG|300px|View of the Cathedral (left) and the Archivo de Indias (right)]] | State Party = {{ESP}} | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, ii, iii, vi | ID = 383 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]] | Year = 1987 | Session = 11th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/383 }} The '''Cathedral of Seville''' is a religious building in [[Seville]], [[Andalusia]], southern [[Spain]]: it is the largest [[gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedral and the [[List of largest church buildings in the world|third-largest]] church in the world.<ref name="dallas morning news">{{cite news |title = The other Europe: Cinque Terre, Bruges, Rothenburg, Edinburgh, Seville |work = Dallas Morning News |date = 2009-05-31 |url = http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/fea/travel/thisweek/stories/DN-secondcities_0531tra.ART.State.Edition1.50e0717.html |accessdate = 2009-06-01 }}</ref> It is also known as ''Catedral de Santa María de la Sede'' (Cathedral of Saint Mary of the [[Episcopal see|See]]) At the time of its completion in the 16th century, it supplanted the [[Hagia Sophia]] as the largest cathedral in the world. Previously, the Hagia Sophia had held the title for more than a thousand years. The cathedral also serves as the burial site of [[Christopher Columbus]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web |title = Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville |work = UNESCO |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/383 |accessdate = 2009-06-01 }}</ref> ==Description== The cathedral was built to demonstrate Seville's wealth, as it had become a major trading center in the years after the [[Reconquista]]. The builders of the cathedral decided in July 1401 to build a new temple, as the ancient Muslim mosque was in bad shape after the 1356 [[earthquake]]. According to the oral tradition of Seville, the decision of members of the chapter was: ''"Let a church so beautiful and so great that those who see it built will think we were mad"''. According to the minutes of that day, the new church should be: ''"a work such as good, which like no other."'' Construction began in 1402 on the site of a former [[mosque]], following the capture of Seville from the Moors; it continued until 1506. Church workers gave half their salaries to pay for architects, builders and other expenses.<ref name="story of seville">{{cite book |last = Gallichan |first = Walter Matthew |authorlink = |title = The Story of Seville |publisher = J.M. Dent & Co. |series = |year = 1903}}</ref> [[File:CATEDRAL 001.jpg|thumb|left|235px|The Sacristía Mayor dome.]] Five years after construction ended, in 1511, the dome collapsed and work on the cathedral re-commenced. The dome again collapsed in 1888, and work was still being performed on the dome until at least 1903.<ref name="story of seville"/> The 1888 collapse occurred due to an earthquake and resulted in the destruction of "every precious object below" the dome at that time.<ref name="soul of spain">{{cite book |last = Ellis |first = Havelock |authorlink = |title = The soul of Spain |publisher = Houghton |series = |year = 1915}}</ref> The interior has the longest nave in [[Spain]]. Its central nave rises to a height of 42 metres and is lavishly decorated, with a large quantity of gold evident. In the main body of the cathedral, only the great boxlike structure of the choir stands out, filling the central portion of the nave. It is also dominated by a vast Gothic [[retablo]] of carved scenes from the life of [[Christ]]. The altarpiece was the lifetime work of a single craftsman, Pierre Dancart. The builders used some columns and elements from the mosque, and most famously the [[Giralda]], a [[minaret]] converted into a bell tower. The Giralda is the city's most famous symbol. Its square base is 13.61 metres and a height of 105 metres. It was built as a minaret of the old mosque, although the bell tower and spire top, is Renaissance. [[Image:001 giralda.jpg|thumb|rigth|250px|[[La Giralda]]]] [[Image:Sevilla2005July 029.jpg|thumb|250px|Interior of the cathedral]] ==Chapels== The cathedral has 80 chapels, in which 500 masses were said daily as reported in 1896.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book |last = Dunton |first = Larkin|title = The World and Its People|publisher = Silver, Burdett|year = 1896}}</ref> The [[baptistery]] Chapel of Saint Anthony contains the painting of ''[[The Vision of St. Anthony]]'' (1656) by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]]. In November 1874, it was discovered that thieves had cut out the portion depicting [[Anthony of Padua|Saint Anthony]]. Then in January 1875, a Spanish immigrant attempted to sell the same painting at a [[New York City]] art gallery. The man stated the portion was a complete original by Murillo, Saint Anthony one of his favorite subjects. The owner of the gallery negotiated a price of $250 for the portion and contacted the Spanish [[consulate]].<ref>http://arttheftcentral.blogspot.com/2009/04/art-theft-history-murillos-vision-of-st.html</ref> ==Timeline== * 1184 - La Giralda begun (Harvey 260) * 1198 - Completion of Almohad Mosque (Montiel 12) (Harvey 260) * 1248 - Conquest of Seville by [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]], mosque Christianized (Montiel 14) * 1376 - Earthquake destroys minaret, replaced by bell gable (Montiel 12) * 1401 - (8 July- Harvey 230) Decision made to replace former mosque (Montiel 15) * 1402 - Nave begun- SW corner (Harvey 260) * 1432 - Nave completed, east end started (Harvey 260) * 1466 - Demolition of Royal Chapel authorized by [[Juan II of Castile]] (Montiel 15) * 1467 - East end completed, vaults begun. Anchors added. (Harvey 260) * 1475 - Stalls begun (Harvey 260) * 1478 - Stalls completed (Harvey 260) * 1481 - Doorways in high altar completed (Montiel 16) * 1482 - Retablo Mayor begun (ALTARPIECE) (Harvey 260) * 1498 - Vaults completed, lantern begun (Harvey 260)* * 1506 - Main dome (lantern) completed (Montiel 16) (Harvey 260) * 1511 - Lantern collapses, rebuilding begins (Montiel 16) (Harvey 260) * 1515 - New choir vaults completed (Montiel 16)* * 1517 - New transept vaults completed (Montiel 16)* * 1519 - Lantern rebuilding completed (Harvey 260) * 1526 - Retablo Mayor completed (Harvey 260) * 1551 - Capilla Real begun (Harvey 260) * 1558 - Belfry replaces bell gable (Montiel 12) * 1568 - Giralda, top stages (Harvey 260) * 1575 - Capilla Real completed (Harvey 260) * 1888 - Main dome and vaults collapse (Montiel 16) ==Burials== *[[Christopher Columbus]] *[[Ferdinand III of Castile]] *[[Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen]] ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Cathedral and Archivo de Indias - Seville.jpg|Seville Cathedral. Image:Sevilla_kathedrale.jpg|Exterior of the Cathedral (South view). File:View From Seville Cathedral 02.jpg|View from inside of La Giralda. Image:Seville_Massive_Se_Cathedral_Facade.jpg|Façade of the Cathedral. Image:La Giralda.jpg|[[Giralda]] as seen from the outside wall of the ''Patio de los Naranjos''. File:Torre de la Giralda - Plaza Virgen de los Reyes - Sevilla.jpg|Giralda from Plaza Virgen de Los Reyes . Image:Sevilla2005July 036.jpg|Cathedral roofs as seen from the Giralda. File:Naves 001jpg.jpg|Interior of the Cathedral. Image:Sevilla2005July 029.jpg|Inside the Cathedral. File:Bóveda crucero 001.jpg|Inside the Cathedral. File:Vidriera catedral Sevilla 001.jpg|Inside the Cathedral File:Sevilla cathedral - tomb of christopher columbus.jpg|Tomb of [[Christopher Columbus]]. Image:Sevilla2005July 034.jpg|Cathedral Treasure. Image:Patio of the Oranges Gate, Seville Cathedral.jpg|Gate to the ''Patio de los Naranjos'', part of the old [[Almohad]] [[mosque]], now annexed to the Cathedral. Image:Sevilla2005July 043.jpg|Cathedral from the ''Patio de los Naranjos''. Image:Pierre Dancart Alterpiece Seville.jpg|Pierre Dancart's masterpiece, considered one of the finest altarpieces in the world. File:Cristo de los cálices.jpg|[[Juan Martínez Montañés|Montañés']] Cristo de los Cálices (1603), located in the [[Sacristy]]. </gallery> ==Sources== *John Harvey, ''The Cathedrals of Spain'' *Luis Martinez Montiel, ''The Cathedral of Seville'' ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.geopanorama.de/gpearth/sevilla.htm Interactive 360° panorama from Plaza del Triunfo with Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo General de Indias (Java, highres, 0,9 MB)] {{coord|37|23|9|N|5|59|35|W|type:landmark|display=title}} {{World Heritage Sites in Spain}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Seville|Cathedral]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Spain]] [[Category:Gothic architecture]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain]] [[Category:15th-century architecture]] [[Category:Conversion of non-Christian places of worship into Churches]] [[Category:Church buildings established in the 15th century]] [[Category:Former mosques]] {{Link FA|es}} [[ar:كاتدرائية إشبيلية]] [[bg:Севилска катедрала]] [[ca:Catedral de Sevilla]] [[cs:Katedrála v Seville]] [[de:Kathedrale von Sevilla]] [[es:Catedral de Sevilla]] [[eo:Katedralo de Sevilo]] [[eu:Sevillako katedrala]] [[fr:Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Siège de Séville]] [[ko:세비야 대성당]] [[it:Cattedrale di Siviglia]] [[he:קתדרלת סביליה]] [[ka:სევილიის საკათედრო ტაძარი]] [[arz:كاتدرائية سيڤييا]] [[nl:Kathedraal van Sevilla]] [[ja:セビリア大聖堂]] [[no:Katedralen i Sevilla]] [[pl:Katedra Świętej Marii w Sewilli]] [[pt:Catedral de Sevilha]] [[ru:Севильский кафедральный собор]] [[sh:Seviljska katedrala]] [[fi:Sevillan katedraali]] [[sv:Katedralen i Sevilla]] [[vi:Nhà thờ chính tòa Sevilla]] [[zh:塞维利亚主教座堂]]'