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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{about|people of the U.S. with ancestral roots in the United Kingdom|other uses|Great Britain}}
{{distinguish|Anglo-Americans}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = British Americans
| image = [[File:Flag of United States.svg|100px]] [[File:Flag of United Kingdom.svg|100px]]
| population = Self-identified as British<br> '''1,891,234'''{{increase}} (2017)<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table |date=2017-10-18 }} - 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}} <br/>0.6% of the total U.S. population.<br/>Other estimates: '''72,065,000'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.co.uk/about/default.aspx?section=pr-2006-11-9a|title=About Ancestry.co.uk|website=Ancestry.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}}<br/>23.3% of the total U.S. population
| popplace = Throughout the entire United States except parts of the Midwest<br/>Predominantly in the South, Northeast and West regions.
| langs = [[English language|English]] <small>([[American English]], [[British English]])</small>, [[Goidelic languages]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| rels = [[Christianity|Christian]]<br/> Mainly [[Protestant]] (especially [[Baptist]], [[Congregationalist]], [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]], [[Methodist]], [[Presbyterian]] and [[Quaker]]) and to a lesser extent [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[LDS Church|Mormon]]
| related = {{hlist| [[English Americans]] | [[Scottish Americans]] | [[Welsh Americans]] | [[Scotch-Irish Americans]] | [[Manx Americans]] | | [[Cornish Americans]] | [[American ancestry|Americans]] | [[Canadians of English descent|British Canadians]] | [[Gaels]] | [[British people|Britons]] | [[Irish Americans]] | [[Old Stock Americans]]}}
}}
'''British American''' usually refers to [[Americans]] whose [[ancestry|ancestral origin]] originates wholly or partly in the [[United Kingdom]] ([[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland]]). In the 2017 [[American Community Survey]] 1,891,234 individuals or 0.6% of the responses self-identified as British.<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table |date=2017-10-18 }} - 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}} It is primarily a demographic or historical research category for people who have at least partial descent from peoples of [[Great Britain]] and the modern [[United Kingdom]], i.e. [[English Americans|English]], [[Scottish Americans|Scottish]], [[Welsh Americans|Welsh]], [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scotch-Irish]], [[Manx Americans|Manx]] and [[Cornish Americans|Cornish]] Americans.
There has been a significant drop overall, especially from the [[1980 United States Census|1980]] census where 49.59 million people reported English ancestry.
Demographers regard current figures as a serious under-count, as a large proportion of Americans of British descent have a tendency to identify as 'American' since [[1980 United States Census|1980]] where over 13.3 million or 5.9% of the total U.S. population self-identified as "American" or "United States", this was counted under "not specified".<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/pc80-s1-10.pdf Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980] (Supplementary Report PC80-S1-10)
Issued: April 1983</ref> This response is highly overrepresented in the [[Upland South]] a region settled historically by the British.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=british+ancestry+american+community+survey&source=bl&ots=SgNvxJ1Rgk&sig=sOC3T4Rmo-4rujsyjtLKgAkPgv4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0oN-z7pjeAhVLAcAKHXhQBDk4ChDoATAAegQIABAB#v=onepage&q=british%20ancestry%20american%20community%20survey&f=false Ethnic Landscapes of America] - By John A. Cross</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=12,395,999+census+american&source=bl&ots=SiNYQ3pxRe&sig=J-EXbgcZPGerEm-peSdXhkIrBCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8wMDv75jeAhXrD8AKHZsVCZ8Q6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=12%2C395%2C999%20census%20american&f=false Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2] - By United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>Dominic J. Pulera. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57&dq=Sharing+the+dream:+white+males+in+multicultural+America++english+ancestry&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America]''.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44-6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82-86.</ref> Many of mixed European ancestry, may identify with a more recent and differentiated ethnic group.<ref>Mary C. Waters, ''Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 36.</ref> Of the top ten family names in the United States (2010), seven have English origins or having possible mixed British Isles heritage, the other three being of Spanish origin.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2010_surnames.html Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census] - United States Census Bureau</ref>
Not to be confused when the term is also used in an entirely different (although possibly overlapping) sense to refer to people who are [[dual citizens]] of both the United Kingdom and the United States.
==Sense of heritage==
[[File:United Kingdom United States Locator.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{Legend0|#3c9d3c}}[[UK]] {{Legend0|#ff7500}}[[United States]].]]
[[Americans]] of British heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply "[[American ancestry|American]]" due to the many historic, linguistic and cultural ties between [[Great Britain]] and the U.S. and their influence on the country's population. A leading specialist, Charlotte Erickson, found them to be ethnically "invisible".<ref>Charlotte Erickson, ''Invisible immigrants: the adaptation of English and Scottish immigrants in nineteenth-century America'' (1990)</ref> This may be due to the early establishment of British settlements; as well as to non-English groups having emigrated in order to establish significant communities.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SoOXrMVp5BsC&pg=PA37&dq=english+ancestry+united+states&cd=2#v=onepage&q=english+ancestry+united+states&f=false|title=From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America|first1=Stanley|last1=Lieberson|first2=Mary C.|last2=Waters|year=1988|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|isbn=9780871545435}}</ref>
==Number of British Americans==
Table below shows the results from 1980 when ancestry was first collected by the U.S. census and the 2010 American Community Survey. Response rates for the ancestry question was 90.4% in 1990 and 80.1% in 2000 for the total US population.
[[File:American Ancestrial Plurality (2010).png|thumb|315px|British American plurality in light green. (2010)]]
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:left"
|-
! colspan="1"| Year
! Ancestral origin
! Number
! % of population
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''[[Great Britain|British]]; totals'''||'''61,327,867'''||'''31.67%'''
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1980
| English ||49,598,035||26.34%
|-
| Scottish || 10,048,816||4.44%
|-
| Welsh || 1,664,598||0.88%
|-
| Northern Irelander|| 16,418||0.01%
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||'''46,816,175'''||'''18.8%'''
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1990
| English||32,651,788||13.1%
|-
| Scottish|| 5,393,581|| 2.2%
|-
| Scotch-Irish || 5,617,773||2.3%
|-
| Welsh ||2,033,893||0.8%
|-
| British||1,119,140||0.4%
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||'''36,564,465'''||'''12.9%'''
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2000
| English|| 24,515,138||8.7%
|-
| Scottish || 4,890,581|| 1.7%
|-
| Scotch-Irish ||4,319,232||1.5%
|-
| Welsh ||1,753,794||0.6%
|-
| British|| 1,085,720||0.4%
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||'''37,619,881'''||'''14.4%'''
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2010
| English|| 25,927,345 || 8.4%
|-
| Scottish || 5,460,679 ||3.1%
|-
| Scotch-Irish || 3,257,161 ||1.9%
|-
| Welsh || 1,793,356|| 0.6%
|-
| British || 1,181,340|| 0.4%
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:left"|<small>Source:United States Census Bureau.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for the United States: 1980|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,00 or more persons: 1980|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab04.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012|date=18 September 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ancestry: 2000|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213043/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2020|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref></small>
|}
===Composition of Colonial America===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|float=right
|caption = Ethnic distribution in 1700.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false|title=The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877|first=Thomas L.|last=Purvis|website=|accessdate=November 5, 2019|isbn=9781285605876|date=2013-01-29}}</ref>
|label1 = English / Welsh
|value1 = 80.0
|color1 = DarkBlue
|label2 = [[Dutch people|Dutch]]
|value2 = 4.0
|color2 = Gold
|label3 = [[Scottish people|Scottish]]
|value3 = 3.0
|color3 = dodgerblue
|label4 = All African
|value4 = 11.0
|color4 = Green
|label5 = Other Europeans
|value5 = 2.0
|color5 = Red
|label6 =
|value6 =
|color6 =
}}
According to estimates by Thomas L. Purvis (1984), published in the ''European ancestry of the United States'', gives the ethnic composition of the American colonies from 1700 to 1755. British ancestry in 1755 were estimated to be 52% English and Welsh, 7.0% Scots-Irish and 4% Scottish.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false|title=The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877|first=Thomas L.|last=Purvis|website=|accessdate=November 5, 2019|isbn=9781285605876|date=2013-01-29}}</ref>
===Studies on origins, 1790===
The ancestry of the 3,929,214 population in 1790 has been estimated by various sources by sampling last names in the very first United States official census and assigning them a country of origin.<ref name="lieberson1"/>
There is debate over the accuracy between the studies with individual scholars and the Federal Government using different techniques and conclusion for the ethnic composition.<ref>[http://www.csun.edu/~hfgeg005/eturner/images/Books/WTP/WTPch5_W_Eur.pdf People of Western European origin] - CSun</ref><ref name="lieberson1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SoOXrMVp5BsC&pg=PA38&dq=From+many+strands:+ethnic+and+racial+groups+in+contemporary+Am%C3%A9rica+ear;lier+ethnic+composition+1790#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America|first1=Stanley|last1=Lieberson|first2=Mary C.|last2=Waters|date=20 September 1988|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|accessdate=21 August 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9780871545435}}</ref>
A study published in 1909 titled ''A Century of Population Growth'' by the Census Bureau estimated the British origin combined were around 90% of the white population.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/centuryofpopulat00unit A century of population growth from the first census of the United States to the twelfth] - by United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>[ftp://ftp.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf A Century of Population Growth] From the First to the Twelfth. First published 1909.</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/surnamesinunited00amer <!-- quote=the european ancestry of the united states 1790. --> Surnames in the United States Census of 1790:] An Analysis of National Origins of the Population - By American Council of Learned Societies. Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States</ref>
Another source by Thomas L. Purvis in 1984<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209 The European Ancestry of the United States Population, 1790: A Symposium] - Thomas L. Purvis (1984)</ref> estimated that people of British ancestry made up about 62% of the total population or 74% of the white or [[European American]] population.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209 The European Ancestry of the United States Population, 1790: A Symposium] - Thomas L. Purvis (1984)</ref>
Some 81% of the total United States population was of [[European ethnic groups|European]] heritage.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.pdf Historical U.S. population by race] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327163915/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.pdf |date=2010-03-27 }}</ref>
Around 757,208 were of African descent with 697,624 being slaves.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicityinconte00jess|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicityinconte00jess/page/21 21]|quote=ethnic groups united states 1775.|title=Ethnicity in Contemporary America|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|accessdate=March 17, 2015|isbn=9780742500341|last1=McKee|first1=Jesse O.|year=2000}}</ref>
===1980===
The 1980 census was the first that asked people's [[ancestry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=United States 1980 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref> The 1980 United States Census reported 61,327,867 individuals or 31.67% of the total U.S. population self-identitfied as having British descent.
In 1980 16,418 Americans reported ‘Northern Islander’. No [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] (descendants of [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster-Scots]]) ancestry was recorded, however over ten million people identified as Scottish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=United States 1980 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
This figure fell to over 5 million each in the following census when the Scotch-Irish were first counted.<ref>{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012|date=18 September 1992}}</ref>
===1990===
Over 90.4% of the United States population reported at least one ancestry, 9.6% (23,921,371) individuals as "not stated" with a total of 11.0% being "not specified".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/CPH-L-97.pdf|title=United States 1990 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref> Additional responses were Cornish (3,991), Northern Irish 4,009 and Manx 6,317.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/CPH-L-97.pdf|title=United States 1990 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
===2000===
Most of the population who stated their ancestry as "American" (20,625,093 or 7.3%) are said to be of old colonial [[British people|British]] ancestry.<ref name=Ancestry2000>{{cite web |publisher=United States Government |url=https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/ancestry.pdf |title=Ancestry: 2000 |date=June 2004}}</ref>
{|class="sort wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
!colspan=3| 2000 Census<ref name="The Source: Gen">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore/page/361 361]|quote=English US census 1790.|title=The Source|publisher=Ancestry Publishing|accessdate=17 March 2015|isbn=9781593312770|last1=Szucs|first1=Loretto Dennis|last2=Luebking|first2=Sandra Hargreaves|year=2006}}</ref>
|-
! Ancestry
! Number
! % of total
|-
| [[German American|German]]||42,885,162||15.2
|-
| [[African American|African]]||36,419,434||12.9
|-
| [[Irish American|Irish]]||30,594,130||10.9
|-
| '''English'''||'''24,515,138'''||'''8.7'''
|-
| [[Mexican American|Mexican]]||20,640,711||7.3
|-
| [[Italian American|Italian]]||15,723,555||5.6
|-
| [[French American|French]]||10,846,018||3.9
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]||10,017,244||3.6
|-
| [[Polish American|Polish]]||8,977,444||3.2
|-
| '''Scottish'''||'''4,890,581'''||'''1.7'''
|-
| [[Dutch American|Dutch]]||4,542,494||1.6
|-
| [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]]||4,477,725||1.6
|-
| '''Scotch-Irish'''||'''4,319,232'''||'''1.5'''
|-
|-class="sortbottom" bgcolor="lightgrey"
|United States||281,421,906||100
|}
===Geographical distribution===
{{multiple image|perrow=2|width=150
| image1 = English1346.gif| caption1 = English
| image2 = Census Bureau Scottish Americans in the United States.gif| caption2 = Scottish
| image3 = Scotch irish1346.gif| caption3 = Scots-Irish
| image4 = Welsh1346.gif| caption4 = Welsh
}}
Following are the top 10 highest percentage of people of English, Scottish and Welsh ancestry, in U.S. communities with 500 or more total inhabitants (for the total list of the 101 communities, see references)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Scottish.html|title=Scottish Ancestry Search - Scottish Genealogy by City |website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/English.html|title=Top 101 cities with the most residents of English ancestry (population 500+)|website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2007-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011163452/http://epodunk.com/ancestry/English.html|archive-date=2007-10-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html|title=Welsh Ancestry Search - Welsh Genealogy by City|website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035325/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
====English====
# [[Hildale, UT]] 66.9%
# [[Colorado City, AZ]] 52.7%
# [[Milbridge, ME]] 41.1%
# [[Panguitch, UT]] 40.0%
# [[Beaver, UT]] 39.8%
# [[Enterprise, UT]] 39.4%
# [[East Machias, ME]] 39.1%
# [[Marriott-Slaterville, UT]] 38.2%
# [[Wellsville, UT]] 37.9%
# [[Morgan, UT]] 37.2%
====Scottish====
#[[Lonaconing, MD]] town 16.1%
#[[Jordan Township, Whiteside County, Illinois|Jordan, IL]] township 12.6%
#[[Scioto Township, Jackson County, Ohio|Scioto, OH]] township 12.1%
#[[Randolph Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana|Randolph, IN]] township 10.2%
#[[Franconia, NH]] town 10.1%
#[[Topsham, VT]] town 10.0%
#[[Ryegate, VT]] town 9.9%
#[[Plainfield, VT]] town 9.8%
#[[Saratoga Springs, UT]] town 9.7%
#[[Barnet, VT]] town 9.5%
====Welsh====
#[[Malad City, ID]] city 21.1
#[[Remsen, NY]] town 14.6
#[[Oak Hill, OH]] village 13.6
#[[Madison Township, Jackson County, Ohio|Madison, OH]] township 12.7
#[[Steuben, New York|Steuben, NY]] town 10.9
#[[Franklin Township, Jackson County, Ohio|Franklin, OH]] township 10.5
#[[Plymouth, PA]] borough 10.3
#[[Jackson, OH]] city 10.0
#[[Lake Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Lake, PA]] township 9.9
#[[Radnor Township, Delaware County, Ohio|Radnor, OH]] township 9.8
==History==
===Overview===
The [[British diaspora]] consists of the scattering of [[British people]] and their descendants who [[emigrated]] from the [[United Kingdom]]. The diaspora is concentrated in countries that had mass migration such as the [[United States]] and that are part of the [[English-speaking world]]. A 2006 publication from the [[Institute for Public Policy Research]] estimated 5.6 million British-born people lived outside of the United Kingdom.<ref name="BritsAbroad">{{cite news | title= Brits Abroad| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/| work= | publisher= [[BBC News]]| date= 2006-12-06| accessdate=2009-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sriskandarajah |first=Dhananjayan |author2=Drew, Catherine |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |url=http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |date=December 11, 2006 |publisher=[[Institute for Public Policy Research|IPPR]] |accessdate=2009-04-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524215729/http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |archivedate=2008-05-24 }}</ref>
After the [[Age of Discovery]] the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of [[Europe]], and the [[British Empire]]'s expansion during the first half of the 19th century saw an "extraordinary dispersion of the British people", with particular concentrations "in [[Australasia]] and [[North America]]".<ref name="BritDis47">{{Harvnb|Ember et al|2004|p=47}}.</ref>
The British Empire was "built on waves of migration overseas by British people",<ref name="Marsh254">{{harvnb|Marshall|2001|p=254}}.</ref> who left the United Kingdom and "reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents".<ref name="BritDis47"/> As a result of the [[British colonization of the Americas]], what became the [[United States]] was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British".<ref name="BritDis47"/>
Historically in the [[1790 United States Census]] estimate and presently in [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and [[New Zealand]] "people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population" contributing to these states becoming integral to the [[Anglosphere]].<ref name="Marsh254"/> There is also a significant population of people with British ancestry in [[South Africa]].
===Colonial period===
{{main|British colonization of the Americas}}
An English presence in North America began with the [[Roanoke Colony]] and [[Colony of Virginia]] in the late-16th century, but the first successful English settlement was established in 1607, on the [[James River (Virginia)|James River]] at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]. By the 1610s an estimated 1,300 English people had travelled to North America, the "first of many millions from the British Isles".<ref name="BritDis48">{{Harvnb|Ember et al|2004|p=48}}.</ref> In 1620 the [[Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] established the English imperial venture of [[Plymouth Colony]], beginning "a remarkable acceleration of permanent emigration from England" with over 60% of trans-Atlantic English migrants settling in the [[New England Colonies]].<ref name="BritDis48"/> During the 17th century an estimated 350,000 English and Welsh migrants arrived in North America, which in the century after the [[Acts of Union 1707]] was surpassed in rate and number by Scottish and Irish migrants.<ref name="BritDis49">{{Harvnb|Ember et al|2004|p=49}}.</ref>
[[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[John Trumbull]]'s famous painting, ''[[Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)|Declaration of Independence]]''. Most of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers]] had British ancestors.]]
The British policy of [[salutary neglect]] for its North American colonies intended to minimize trade restrictions as a way of ensuring they stayed loyal to British interests.<ref name="history of colonial"/> This permitted the development of the [[American Dream]], a cultural spirit distinct from that of its European founders.<ref name="history of colonial">{{Citation |last=Henretta |first=James A. |title=History of Colonial America |url=http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html |encyclopedia=Encarta Online Encyclopedia |year=2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021222327/http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html |archivedate=2009-10-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Thirteen Colonies]] of [[British America]] began an armed rebellion against British rule in 1775 when they rejected the [[Rights of Englishmen|right]] of the [[Parliament of Great Britain]] to govern them [[No taxation without representation|without representation]]; they proclaimed their independence in 1776, and subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a [[sovereign state]] in 1781 with the ratification of the [[Articles of Confederation]]. The [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|1783 Treaty of Paris]] represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgement of the United States' sovereignty at the end of the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref name="road">{{Citation|title=Chapter 3: The Road to Independence|url=http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm|work=Outline of U.S. History|publisher=usinfo.state.gov|date=November 2005|accessdate=2008-04-21|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080409035942/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm |archivedate = April 9, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In the original [[13 colonies]], most laws contained elements found in the English [[common law]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law.jrank.org/pages/11662/Colonial-Period.html|title=The Colonial Period|website=Law.jrank.org|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>
The vast majority of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] were of mixed British extraction. Most of these were of English descent, with smaller numbers of those of Scottish, Irish or Scots-Irish, and Welsh ancestry. A minority were of high social status and can be classified as [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant]] (WASP). Many of the prewar WASP elite were Loyalists who left the new nation.<ref>Richard D. Brown, "The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A collective view." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' (1976) 33#3: 465-480, especially pp 466, 478-79. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921543 online]</ref>
[[File:The Great Rapprochement.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Uncle Sam]] embracing [[John Bull]], while [[Britannia]] and [[Columbia (name)|Columbia]] hold hands and sit together in the background (1898).]]
====Immigration after 1776====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
|-
!colspan=6|British immigration to the U.S. 1820-2000
|-
! Period
! Arrivals
! Period
! Arrivals
! Period
! Arrivals
|-
| 1820-1830||27,489 ||1901-1910||525,950||1981-1990||159,173
|-
|1831-1840||75,810 ||1911-1920||341,408||1991-2000||151,866
|-
|1841-1850||267,044 ||1921-1930||339,570|| ||
|-
|1851-1860||423,974 ||1931-1940||31,572 || ||
|-
|1861-1870||606,896 ||1941-1950||139,306|| ||
|-
|1871-1880||548,043 ||1951-1960||202,824|| ||
|-
|1881-1890||807,357 ||1961-1970||213,822|| ||
|-
|1891-1900||271,538 ||1971-1980 ||137,374|| ||
|-
!colspan=6 style="text-align:left;"|Total arrivals: 5,271,016<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fz2UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=british+immigration+75,810,+267,044&source=bl&ots=zGtzFduNh1&sig=kKCDU1pUO5hIJetw10DyPrPlWPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj784ur_bjKAhXBcA8KHVFrBIkQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=british%20immigration%2075%2C810%2C%20267%2C044&f=false Almost All Aliens: Immigration, Race, and Colonialism in American History ...] By Paul Spickard</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVE-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA89&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+247,125+644,680&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT_8CtvqLKAhVHwj4KHURBAiQQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20247%2C125%20644%2C680&f=false Statistical Abstract of the United States] (Page: 89)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=51e8r7Yay0wC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+644,680&source=bl&ots=W9nyD6YyMo&sig=x_IaA7QNmk2E1WzrpI2PqmXwx9o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpkJ7OvKLKAhWFWBQKHRGTDFwQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20644%2C680&f=false Statistical Abstract of the United States] Immigration by country of origin 1851-1940 (Page: 107)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UG1qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=Immigration+from+England+to+the+United+States+156,171&source=bl&ots=fmUG-Sxb0d&sig=w5eINcCgep6NYK6-15efS8vtmsI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDovq66qTKAhVFGA8KHYdbARsQ6AEINjAG#v=onepage&q=Immigration%20from%20England%20to%20the%20United%20States%20156%2C171&f=false Statistical Abstract of the United States] (Page: 92)</ref>
|}
Nevertheless, longstanding cultural and historical ties have, in more modern times, resulted in the [[Special Relationship]], the exceptionally close political, diplomatic and military co-operation of [[United Kingdom – United States relations]].<ref name="wither">{{Citation|last=James|first=Wither|title=An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo-American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-first Century|date=March 2006|journal=European Security|volume=15|issue=1|pages=47–65|doi=10.1080/09662830600776694|issn=0966-2839}}<!--| accessdate =2007-01-09--></ref> [[Linda Colley]], a professor of history at [[Princeton University]] and specialist in Britishness, suggested that because of their colonial influence on the United States, the British find Americans a "mysterious and paradoxical people, physically distant but culturally close, engagingly similar yet irritatingly different".<ref>{{Harvnb|Colley|1992|p=134}}.</ref>
For over two centuries (1789-1989) of early U.S. history, all Presidents with the exception of two (Van Buren and Kennedy) were descended from the varied colonial British stock, from the Pilgrims and Puritans to the Scotch-Irish and English who settled the [[Appalachia]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GOYg58I7g30C&pg=PA835&dq=andrew+jackson+president+great-great-great+grandfather+english+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDh4uxwqDeAhUqLcAKHWMTA-0Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=albions%20seed%20presidents%20&f=false Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America] - By David Hackett Fischer (P. 839)</ref>
==Cultural contributions==
Much of U.S. culture shows influences from nation states of British culture. Colonial ties to Great Britain spread the [[English language]], legal system and other cultural attributes.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJilCCGFCTYC&pg=PR9 |title=Ethnic Groups of the Americas: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia |author=James B. Minahan |page=9 |date=2013-03-14 |accessdate=2016-10-22|isbn=9781610691642 }}</ref> Historian David Hackett Fischer has posited that four major streams of immigration from the British Isles in the colonial era contributed to the formation of a new American culture, summarised as follows:
* [[East Anglia]] to [[New England]] - ''The [[Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)|Exodus]] of the English Puritans'' ([[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] and [[Puritans#New England Puritans|Puritans]] influenced the [[Northeastern United States]]' corporate and educational culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'', pp. 13–206</ref>
* The [[Southern England|South of England]] to the [[Southern United States|lowland South]] - ''The [[Cavalier]]s and [[Indentured servant|Indentured Servants]]'' ([[Gentry]] influenced the [[Southern United States]]' plantation culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'' pp. 207–418</ref>
*[[Northern England]] to the [[Delaware Valley]] - ''The Friends' Migration'' ([[Quakers]] influenced the [[Mid-Atlantic states|Middle Atlantic]] and [[Midwestern United States]]' industrial culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'', pp. 419–604</ref>
* The [[Scottish Lowlands]] to the [[Appalachia|Backcountry]] - ''The Flight from [[North Britain]]'' ([[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Irish]], of lowland Scottish and [[Anglo-Scottish border|border]] [[English people|English]] descent, influenced the [[Western United States]]' ranch culture and the [[Southern United States]]' common agrarian culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'', pp. 605–782</ref>
Fischer's theory acknowledges the presence of other groups of immigrants during the colonial period, both from the British Isles (the Welsh and the Highland Scots) and not (Germans, Dutch, and French Huguenots), but believes that these did not culturally contribute as substantially to the United States as his main four.
===Historical influence===
[[Apple pie]] – [[New England]] was the first region to experience large-scale [[English colonial empire|English colonization]] in the early 17th century, beginning in 1620, and it was dominated by [[East Anglia]]n Calvinists, better known as the [[Puritan]]s. Baking was a particular favorite of the New Englanders and was the origin of dishes seen today as quintessentially "American", such as [[apple pie]] and the oven-roasted [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] turkey.<ref>Fischer, pp. 74, 114, 134–39.</ref> "As American as apple pie" is a well-known phrase used to suggest that something is all-American.
===Automakers===
[[Buick]] – [[David Dunbar Buick]] was a [[Scotland|Scottish]]-born American, a [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]-based inventor, best known for founding the Buick Motor Company.
===Motorcycle manufacturer===
[[File:Founders of Harley-Davidson The North Shore Bulletin Dec 1920.jpg|thumb|Founders of [[Harley-Davidson]], from left: William A. Davidson, Walter Davidson, Sr., [[Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)|Arthur Davidson]] and [[William S. Harley]].]]
[[Harley-Davidson]] – The Davidson brothers were of Scottish descent (William. A., Walter and [[Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)|Arthur Davidson]]) and [[William S. Harley]] of English descent. Along with [[Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company]] was the largest and most recognizable American [[motorcycle]] manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm |title=Harley: The Littleport Connection "Without Littleport, there'd be no Harley-Davidson" |publisher=clutchandchrome.com |accessdate=March 24, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421100954/http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm |archivedate=April 21, 2006}}</ref>
===Sports===
{{Main|Origins of baseball}}
[[Baseball]] - The earliest recorded game of base-ball for which the original source survives, involved the family of [[George II of Great Britain]], played indoors in London in November 1748. The Prince is reported as playing "Bass-Ball" again in September 1749 in [[Walton-on-Thames]], Surrey, against Lord Middlesex.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why isn't baseball more popular in the UK?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23425907|accessdate=July 26, 2013|work=BBC News|date=2013-07-26|last1=Sulat|first1=Nate}}</ref> The English lawyer William Bray wrote in his diary that he had played a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in [[Guildford]], also in [[Surrey]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html |title=Major League Baseball Told: Your Sport Is British, Not American |date=September 11, 2008 |accessdate=February 3, 2009 |work=Telegraph |location=London |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016132738/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html |archivedate=October 16, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7609000/7609897.stm |title=History of baseball exposed |publisher=BBC News |date=September 11, 2008 |accessdate=August 3, 2013}}</ref> English lawyer William Bray recorded a game of baseball on [[Easter Monday]] 1755 in [[Guildford]], [[Surrey]]; Bray's diary was verified as authentic in September 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7622026.stm|title=BBC NEWS - UK - England - Baseball 'origin' uncovered|website=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015|date=2008-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/southtoday/content/articles/2008/09/09/baseball_feature.shtml|title=BBC - South Today - Features - Baseball history|website=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref> This early form of the game was apparently brought to North America by British immigrants. The first appearance of the term that exists in print was in "[[A Little Pretty Pocket-Book]]" in 1744, where it is called Base-Ball. Today, [[Rounders]] which has been played in England since [[Tudor period|Tudor]] times holds a similarity to Baseball. Although, literary references to early forms of "base-ball" in the United Kingdom pre-date use of the term "rounders".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html|title=Major League Baseball told: Your sport is British, not American|author=Telegraph staff and agencies|date=11 September 2008|work=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>
===Continental Colours, 1775-1777===
[[File:Flag of the United States (1776–1777).svg|thumb|right|The "[[Grand Union Flag]]" which served as the U.S. national flag from 1776 to 1777; the thirteen stripes represent the original [[Thirteen colonies]].]]
The [[Grand Union Flag]] is considered to be the first national [[Flag of the United States#First flag|flag of the United States]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false Popular Mechanics] - Oct 1926</ref> The design consisted of 13 stripes, red and white, representing the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], the [[canton (flag)|canton]] on the upper left-hand corner bearing the British [[Union Flag#History|Union Flag]], the red cross of St. George of England with the white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland. The flag was first flown on December 2, 1775 by [[John Paul Jones]] (then a Continental Navy lieutenant) on the ship ''[[USS Alfred|Alfred]]'' in Philadelphia).<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false Popular Mechanics] - Oct 1926</ref>
==Place names==
===Alabama===
*[[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] after [[Birmingham]], England
===Connecticut===
*[[Essex, Connecticut]] after [[Essex, England]]
*[[Greenwich, Connecticut]] after [[Greenwich, England]]
*[[Manchester, Connecticut]] after [[Manchester, England]]
*[[New London, Connecticut]] after [[London, England]]
*[[Norfolk, Connecticut]] after [[Norfolk, England]]
===Delaware===
*[[Dover, Delaware|Dover]] after [[Dover]], England
*[[Kent County, Delaware]] after [[Kent, England]]
*[[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] named by [[proprietary colony|Proprietor]] [[Thomas Penn]] after his friend [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington|Spencer Compton]], [[Earl of Wilmington]], who was prime minister in the reign of [[George II of Great Britain]].
===Maryland===
*[[Aberdeen, Maryland]] after [[Aberdeen, Scotland]]
*[[Chester, Maryland]] after [[Chester, England]]
*[[Chestertown, Maryland]] after [[Chester, England]]
*[[Essex, Maryland]] after [[Essex, England]]
*[[Glencoe, Maryland]] after [[Glencoe, Scotland]]
*[[Hereford, Maryland]] after [[Hereford, England]]
*[[Kensington, Maryland]] after [[Kensington|Kensington, England]]
*[[Manchester, Maryland]] after [[Manchester, England]]
*[[Olney, Maryland]] after [[Olney, Buckinghamshire|Olney, England]]
*[[Westminster, Maryland]] after [[Westminster, England]]
===Massachusetts===
*[[Bedford, Massachusetts]] after [[Bedford, England]]
*[[Boston]] after [[Boston, England]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iboston.org/mcp.php?pid=taleOfTwoBostons|title=A Tale of Two Bostons - iBoston|website=Iboston.org|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] after the [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] of [[Cambridge]], England<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory|title=Brief History of Cambridge, Mass. - Cambridge Historical Commission - City of Cambridge, Massachusetts|first=City of|last=Cambridge|website=Cambridgema.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Falmouth, Massachusetts]] after [[Falmouth, England]]
*[[Gloucester, Massachusetts|Gloucester]] after [[Gloucester]], England
*[[Hampshire County, Massachusetts]] after [[Hampshire, England]]
*[[Middlesex County, Massachusetts]] after [[Middlesex, England]]
*[[Plymouth, Massachusetts]] after [[Plymouth, England]]
*[[Southampton, Massachusetts|Southampton]] after [[Southampton]], England<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141|title=ePodunk|website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107232910/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Suffolk County, Massachusetts]] after [[Suffolk, England]]
*[[Swansea, Massachusetts]] after [[Swansea]], [[Wales]]
*[[Weymouth, Massachusetts]] after [[Weymouth, Dorset]], England
*[[Worcester, Massachusetts]] after [[Worcester, England]]
===Michigan===
*[[Birmingham, Michigan|Birmingham]] after [[Birmingham]], England
*[[Plymouth, Michigan|Plymouth]] after [[Plymouth]], England
===New Hampshire===
*[[New Hampshire]] state (after [[Hampshire]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm|title=The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from NETSTATE.COM|first=NSTATE, LLC|last=http://www.n-state.com|website=Netstate.com|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>)
*[[Derry, New Hampshire]] after [[Derry, Northern Ireland]]
*[[Durham, New Hampshire]] after [[Durham, England]]
*[[Exeter, New Hampshire]] after [[Exeter, England]]
*[[Londonderry, New Hampshire]] after [[Londonderry, Northern Ireland]]
*[[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] after [[Manchester, England]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boulter.com/nh/|title=New Hampshire|website=Boulter.com|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[New London, New Hampshire]] after [[London, England]]
*[[Plymouth, New Hampshire]] after [[Plymouth, England]]
*[[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]] after [[Portsmouth, England]]
===New York State===
*[[New York (state)|New York]] (state) and [[New York City]] after [[York, England]]
===Pennsylvania===
*[[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]] after [[Buckinghamshire]], England
*[[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]] and [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester]] after [[Chester]], England
*[[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]] after [[Carlisle, England]]
*[[Darby, Pennsylvania|Darby]] derived from [[Derby]] (pronounced ''"Darby"''), the [[county town]] of [[Derbyshire]] (pronounced ''"Darbyshire"'')<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n99 100]}}</ref>
*[[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] and [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] after the city of [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] in the county of [[Lancashire]] in England, the native home of John Wright, one of the early [[settler]]s.<ref>[http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp Petition for the Establishment of Lancaster County] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060807113052/http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp |date=2006-08-07 }}, February 6, 1728/9</ref>
*[[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading, Berks County]] after [[Reading, Berkshire]], England
*[[Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Warminster]] after a small town in the county of Wiltshire, at the western extremity of Salisbury Plain, England.<ref>{{cite web|title=WARMINSTER TOWNSHIP HISTORY|url=http://www.warminstertownship.org/public-information/aboutwarminster/history|website=Warminstertownship.org|accessdate=2015-07-31}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*[[York, Pennsylvania]] after [[York, England]]
===Virginia===
*[[Crewe, Virginia]] after [[Crewe, England]]
*[[Dumfries, Virginia]] after [[Dumfries, Scotland]]
*[[Edinburg, Virginia]] after [[Edinburgh, Scotland]]
*[[Falmouth, Virginia]] after [[Falmouth, England]]
*[[Isle of Wight County, Virginia]] after [[Isle of Wight, England]]
*[[Kilmarnock, Virginia]] after [[Kilmarnock, Scotland]]
*[[Glasgow, Virginia]] after [[Glasgow, Scotland]]
*[[Gloucester, Virginia]] after [[Gloucester, England]]
*[[Richmond, Virginia]] and [[Richmond County, Virginia]] after [[Richmond, London]]
*[[Lancaster County, Virginia]] after [[Lancashire, England]]
*[[Hampton, Virginia]] after [[Hampton, London|Hampton, London, England]]
*[[Midlothian, Virginia]] after [[Midlothian, Scotland]]
*[[New Kent County, Virginia]] after [[Kent County, England]]
*[[Norfolk, Virginia]] after [[Norfolk, England]]
*[[Northampton County, Virginia]] after [[Northampton, England]]
*[[Northumberland County, Virginia]] after [[Northumberland, England]]
*[[Portsmouth, Virginia]] after [[Portsmouth, England]]
*[[Stafford, Virginia]] after [[Stafford, England]]
*[[Suffolk, Virginia]] after [[Suffolk, England]]
*[[Westmoreland County, Virginia]] after Westmoreland (now part of [[Cumbria, England]]
*[[Winchester, Virginia]] after [[Winchester, England]]
In addition, some places were named after the kings and queens of the former kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]. The name Virginia was first applied by Queen [[Elizabeth I]] (the "Virgin Queen") and Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584.,<ref>In 1584 [[Sir Walter Raleigh]] sent [[Philip Amadas]] and [[Arthur Barlowe]] to lead an exploration of what is now the [[North Carolina]] coast, and they returned with word of a regional "king" named "Wingina." This was modified later that year by Raleigh and the Queen to "Virginia", perhaps in part noting her status as the "Virgin Queen." {{cite book |title=Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States |last= Stewart|first=George |authorlink=George R. Stewart|year=1945 |publisher= Random House|location=New York |page= 22}}</ref> the [[Carolinas]] were named after [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and [[Maryland]] named so for his wife, [[Queen Henrietta Maria]] (Queen Mary).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm|title=The State of Maryland|work=netstate.com}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|United States|United Kingdom}}
*[[Anglo-Celtic Australians]]
*[[Hyphenated American]]
*[[English diaspora]]
*[[List of English Americans]]
*[[List of Scots-Irish Americans]]
*[[List of Scottish Americans]]
*[[List of Welsh Americans]]
*[[Americans in the United Kingdom]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Scholarly sources==
* [[Oscar Handlin]], Ann Orlov and Stephan Thernstrom eds. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups'' (1980) the standard reference source for all ethnic groups.
* [[Rowland Tappan Berthoff]]. ''British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790-1950'' (1953).
* [[David Hackett Fischer]]. ''[[Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways In America]]'' (1989).
==External links==
*[https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/pc80-s1-10.html 1980 U.S. Census ancestry lists]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141009091354/http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/downloadFile.cgi?file=1041-6-15955-AF_Census_Data.pdf&filename=AF_Census_Data.pdf References]
*[https://archive.today/20200212041824/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on 2000 Census Bureau ancestry figures]
{{European Americans}}
{{British diaspora}}
[[Category:British American| ]]
[[Category:American people of British descent| ]]
[[Category:British diaspora by country|American]]
[[Category:European-American society]]
[[Category:United Kingdom–United States relations]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{a] | [[Old Stock Americans]]}}
}}
'''British American''' usually refers to [[Americans]] whose [[ancestry|ancestral origin]] originates wholly or partly in the [[United Kingdom]] ([[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland]]). In the 2017 [[American Community Survey]] 1,891,234 individuals or 0.6% of the responses self-identified as British.<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table |date=2017-10-18 }} - 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}} It is primarily a demographic or historical research category for people who have at least partial descent from peoples of [[Great Britain]] and the modern [[United Kingdom]], i.e. [[English Americans|English]], [[Scottish Americans|Scottish]], [[Welsh Americans|Welsh]], [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scotch-Irish]], [[Manx Americans|Manx]] and [[Cornish Americans|Cornish]] Americans.
There has been a significant drop overall, especially from the [[1980 United States Census|1980]] census where 49.59 million people reported English ancestry.
Demographers regard current figures as a serious under-count, as a large proportion of Americans of British descent have a tendency to identify as 'American' since [[1980 United States Census|1980]] where over 13.3 million or 5.9% of the total U.S. population self-identified as "American" or "United States", this was counted under "not specified".<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/pc80-s1-10.pdf Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980] (Supplementary Report PC80-S1-10)
Issued: April 1983</ref> This response is highly overrepresented in the [[Upland South]] a region settled historically by the British.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=british+ancestry+american+community+survey&source=bl&ots=SgNvxJ1Rgk&sig=sOC3T4Rmo-4rujsyjtLKgAkPgv4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0oN-z7pjeAhVLAcAKHXhQBDk4ChDoATAAegQIABAB#v=onepage&q=british%20ancestry%20american%20community%20survey&f=false Ethnic Landscapes of America] - By John A. Cross</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=12,395,999+census+american&source=bl&ots=SiNYQ3pxRe&sig=J-EXbgcZPGerEm-peSdXhkIrBCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8wMDv75jeAhXrD8AKHZsVCZ8Q6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=12%2C395%2C999%20census%20american&f=false Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2] - By United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>Dominic J. Pulera. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57&dq=Sharing+the+dream:+white+males+in+multicultural+America++english+ancestry&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America]''.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44-6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82-86.</ref> Many of mixed European ancestry, may identify with a more recent and differentiated ethnic group.<ref>Mary C. Waters, ''Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 36.</ref> Of the top ten family names in the United States (2010), seven have English origins or having possible mixed British Isles heritage, the other three being of Spanish origin.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2010_surnames.html Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census] - United States Census Bureau</ref>
Not to be confused when the term is also used in an entirely different (although possibly overlapping) sense to refer to people who are [[dual citizens]] of both the United Kingdom and the United States.
==Sense of heritage==
[[File:United Kingdom United States Locator.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{Legend0|#3c9d3c}}[[UK]] {{Legend0|#ff7500}}[[United States]].]]
[[Americans]] of British heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply "[[American ancestry|American]]" due to the many historic, linguistic and cultural ties between [[Great Britain]] and the U.S. and their influence on the country's population. A leading specialist, Charlotte Erickson, found them to be ethnically "invisible".<ref>Charlotte Erickson, ''Invisible immigrants: the adaptation of English and Scottish immigrants in nineteenth-century America'' (1990)</ref> This may be due to the early establishment of British settlements; as well as to non-English groups having emigrated in order to establish significant communities.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SoOXrMVp5BsC&pg=PA37&dq=english+ancestry+united+states&cd=2#v=onepage&q=english+ancestry+united+states&f=false|title=From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America|first1=Stanley|last1=Lieberson|first2=Mary C.|last2=Waters|year=1988|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|isbn=9780871545435}}</ref>
==Number of British Americans==
Table below shows the results from 1980 when ancestry was first collected by the U.S. census and the 2010 American Community Survey. Response rates for the ancestry question was 90.4% in 1990 and 80.1% in 2000 for the total US population.
[[File:American Ancestrial Plurality (2010).png|thumb|315px|British American plurality in light green. (2010)]]
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:left"
|-
! colspan="1"| Year
! Ancestral origin
! Number
! % of population
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''[[Great Britain|British]]; totals'''||'''61,327,867'''||'''31.67%'''
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1980
| English ||49,598,035||26.34%
|-
| Scottish || 10,048,816||4.44%
|-
| Welsh || 1,664,598||0.88%
|-
| Northern Irelander|| 16,418||0.01%
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||'''46,816,175'''||'''18.8%'''
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1990
| English||32,651,788||13.1%
|-
| Scottish|| 5,393,581|| 2.2%
|-
| Scotch-Irish || 5,617,773||2.3%
|-
| Welsh ||2,033,893||0.8%
|-
| British||1,119,140||0.4%
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||'''36,564,465'''||'''12.9%'''
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2000
| English|| 24,515,138||8.7%
|-
| Scottish || 4,890,581|| 1.7%
|-
| Scotch-Irish ||4,319,232||1.5%
|-
| Welsh ||1,753,794||0.6%
|-
| British|| 1,085,720||0.4%
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total'''||'''37,619,881'''||'''14.4%'''
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2010
| English|| 25,927,345 || 8.4%
|-
| Scottish || 5,460,679 ||3.1%
|-
| Scotch-Irish || 3,257,161 ||1.9%
|-
| Welsh || 1,793,356|| 0.6%
|-
| British || 1,181,340|| 0.4%
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:left"|<small>Source:United States Census Bureau.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for the United States: 1980|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,00 or more persons: 1980|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab04.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012|date=18 September 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ancestry: 2000|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213043/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2020|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref></small>
|}
===Composition of Colonial America===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|float=right
|caption = Ethnic distribution in 1700.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false|title=The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877|first=Thomas L.|last=Purvis|website=|accessdate=November 5, 2019|isbn=9781285605876|date=2013-01-29}}</ref>
|label1 = English / Welsh
|value1 = 80.0
|color1 = DarkBlue
|label2 = [[Dutch people|Dutch]]
|value2 = 4.0
|color2 = Gold
|label3 = [[Scottish people|Scottish]]
|value3 = 3.0
|color3 = dodgerblue
|label4 = All African
|value4 = 11.0
|color4 = Green
|label5 = Other Europeans
|value5 = 2.0
|color5 = Red
|label6 =
|value6 =
|color6 =
}}
According to estimates by Thomas L. Purvis (1984), published in the ''European ancestry of the United States'', gives the ethnic composition of the American colonies from 1700 to 1755. British ancestry in 1755 were estimated to be 52% English and Welsh, 7.0% Scots-Irish and 4% Scottish.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false|title=The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877|first=Thomas L.|last=Purvis|website=|accessdate=November 5, 2019|isbn=9781285605876|date=2013-01-29}}</ref>
===Studies on origins, 1790===
The ancestry of the 3,929,214 population in 1790 has been estimated by various sources by sampling last names in the very first United States official census and assigning them a country of origin.<ref name="lieberson1"/>
There is debate over the accuracy between the studies with individual scholars and the Federal Government using different techniques and conclusion for the ethnic composition.<ref>[http://www.csun.edu/~hfgeg005/eturner/images/Books/WTP/WTPch5_W_Eur.pdf People of Western European origin] - CSun</ref><ref name="lieberson1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SoOXrMVp5BsC&pg=PA38&dq=From+many+strands:+ethnic+and+racial+groups+in+contemporary+Am%C3%A9rica+ear;lier+ethnic+composition+1790#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America|first1=Stanley|last1=Lieberson|first2=Mary C.|last2=Waters|date=20 September 1988|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|accessdate=21 August 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9780871545435}}</ref>
A study published in 1909 titled ''A Century of Population Growth'' by the Census Bureau estimated the British origin combined were around 90% of the white population.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/centuryofpopulat00unit A century of population growth from the first census of the United States to the twelfth] - by United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>[ftp://ftp.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf A Century of Population Growth] From the First to the Twelfth. First published 1909.</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/surnamesinunited00amer <!-- quote=the european ancestry of the united states 1790. --> Surnames in the United States Census of 1790:] An Analysis of National Origins of the Population - By American Council of Learned Societies. Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States</ref>
Another source by Thomas L. Purvis in 1984<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209 The European Ancestry of the United States Population, 1790: A Symposium] - Thomas L. Purvis (1984)</ref> estimated that people of British ancestry made up about 62% of the total population or 74% of the white or [[European American]] population.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209 The European Ancestry of the United States Population, 1790: A Symposium] - Thomas L. Purvis (1984)</ref>
Some 81% of the total United States population was of [[European ethnic groups|European]] heritage.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.pdf Historical U.S. population by race] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327163915/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.pdf |date=2010-03-27 }}</ref>
Around 757,208 were of African descent with 697,624 being slaves.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicityinconte00jess|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicityinconte00jess/page/21 21]|quote=ethnic groups united states 1775.|title=Ethnicity in Contemporary America|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|accessdate=March 17, 2015|isbn=9780742500341|last1=McKee|first1=Jesse O.|year=2000}}</ref>
===1980===
The 1980 census was the first that asked people's [[ancestry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=United States 1980 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref> The 1980 United States Census reported 61,327,867 individuals or 31.67% of the total U.S. population self-identitfied as having British descent.
In 1980 16,418 Americans reported ‘Northern Islander’. No [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] (descendants of [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster-Scots]]) ancestry was recorded, however over ten million people identified as Scottish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf|title=United States 1980 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
This figure fell to over 5 million each in the following census when the Scotch-Irish were first counted.<ref>{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012|date=18 September 1992}}</ref>
===1990===
Over 90.4% of the United States population reported at least one ancestry, 9.6% (23,921,371) individuals as "not stated" with a total of 11.0% being "not specified".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/CPH-L-97.pdf|title=United States 1990 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref> Additional responses were Cornish (3,991), Northern Irish 4,009 and Manx 6,317.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/CPH-L-97.pdf|title=United States 1990 Census|website=Census.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
===2000===
Most of the population who stated their ancestry as "American" (20,625,093 or 7.3%) are said to be of old colonial [[British people|British]] ancestry.<ref name=Ancestry2000>{{cite web |publisher=United States Government |url=https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/ancestry.pdf |title=Ancestry: 2000 |date=June 2004}}</ref>
{|class="sort wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
!colspan=3| 2000 Census<ref name="The Source: Gen">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore/page/361 361]|quote=English US census 1790.|title=The Source|publisher=Ancestry Publishing|accessdate=17 March 2015|isbn=9781593312770|last1=Szucs|first1=Loretto Dennis|last2=Luebking|first2=Sandra Hargreaves|year=2006}}</ref>
|-
! Ancestry
! Number
! % of total
|-
| [[German American|German]]||42,885,162||15.2
|-
| [[African American|African]]||36,419,434||12.9
|-
| [[Irish American|Irish]]||30,594,130||10.9
|-
| '''English'''||'''24,515,138'''||'''8.7'''
|-
| [[Mexican American|Mexican]]||20,640,711||7.3
|-
| [[Italian American|Italian]]||15,723,555||5.6
|-
| [[French American|French]]||10,846,018||3.9
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]||10,017,244||3.6
|-
| [[Polish American|Polish]]||8,977,444||3.2
|-
| '''Scottish'''||'''4,890,581'''||'''1.7'''
|-
| [[Dutch American|Dutch]]||4,542,494||1.6
|-
| [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]]||4,477,725||1.6
|-
| '''Scotch-Irish'''||'''4,319,232'''||'''1.5'''
|-
|-class="sortbottom" bgcolor="lightgrey"
|United States||281,421,906||100
|}
===Geographical distribution===
{{multiple image|perrow=2|width=150
| image1 = English1346.gif| caption1 = English
| image2 = Census Bureau Scottish Americans in the United States.gif| caption2 = Scottish
| image3 = Scotch irish1346.gif| caption3 = Scots-Irish
| image4 = Welsh1346.gif| caption4 = Welsh
}}
Following are the top 10 highest percentage of people of English, Scottish and Welsh ancestry, in U.S. communities with 500 or more total inhabitants (for the total list of the 101 communities, see references)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Scottish.html|title=Scottish Ancestry Search - Scottish Genealogy by City |website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/English.html|title=Top 101 cities with the most residents of English ancestry (population 500+)|website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2007-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011163452/http://epodunk.com/ancestry/English.html|archive-date=2007-10-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html|title=Welsh Ancestry Search - Welsh Genealogy by City|website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035325/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
====English====
# [[Hildale, UT]] 66.9%
# [[Colorado City, AZ]] 52.7%
# [[Milbridge, ME]] 41.1%
# [[Panguitch, UT]] 40.0%
# [[Beaver, UT]] 39.8%
# [[Enterprise, UT]] 39.4%
# [[East Machias, ME]] 39.1%
# [[Marriott-Slaterville, UT]] 38.2%
# [[Wellsville, UT]] 37.9%
# [[Morgan, UT]] 37.2%
====Scottish====
#[[Lonaconing, MD]] town 16.1%
#[[Jordan Township, Whiteside County, Illinois|Jordan, IL]] township 12.6%
#[[Scioto Township, Jackson County, Ohio|Scioto, OH]] township 12.1%
#[[Randolph Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana|Randolph, IN]] township 10.2%
#[[Franconia, NH]] town 10.1%
#[[Topsham, VT]] town 10.0%
#[[Ryegate, VT]] town 9.9%
#[[Plainfield, VT]] town 9.8%
#[[Saratoga Springs, UT]] town 9.7%
#[[Barnet, VT]] town 9.5%
====Welsh====
#[[Malad City, ID]] city 21.1
#[[Remsen, NY]] town 14.6
#[[Oak Hill, OH]] village 13.6
#[[Madison Township, Jackson County, Ohio|Madison, OH]] township 12.7
#[[Steuben, New York|Steuben, NY]] town 10.9
#[[Franklin Township, Jackson County, Ohio|Franklin, OH]] township 10.5
#[[Plymouth, PA]] borough 10.3
#[[Jackson, OH]] city 10.0
#[[Lake Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Lake, PA]] township 9.9
#[[Radnor Township, Delaware County, Ohio|Radnor, OH]] township 9.8
==History==
===Overview===
The [[British diaspora]] consists of the scattering of [[British people]] and their descendants who [[emigrated]] from the [[United Kingdom]]. The diaspora is concentrated in countries that had mass migration such as the [[United States]] and that are part of the [[English-speaking world]]. A 2006 publication from the [[Institute for Public Policy Research]] estimated 5.6 million British-born people lived outside of the United Kingdom.<ref name="BritsAbroad">{{cite news | title= Brits Abroad| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/| work= | publisher= [[BBC News]]| date= 2006-12-06| accessdate=2009-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sriskandarajah |first=Dhananjayan |author2=Drew, Catherine |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |url=http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |date=December 11, 2006 |publisher=[[Institute for Public Policy Research|IPPR]] |accessdate=2009-04-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524215729/http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |archivedate=2008-05-24 }}</ref>
After the [[Age of Discovery]] the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of [[Europe]], and the [[British Empire]]'s expansion during the first half of the 19th century saw an "extraordinary dispersion of the British people", with particular concentrations "in [[Australasia]] and [[North America]]".<ref name="BritDis47">{{Harvnb|Ember et al|2004|p=47}}.</ref>
The British Empire was "built on waves of migration overseas by British people",<ref name="Marsh254">{{harvnb|Marshall|2001|p=254}}.</ref> who left the United Kingdom and "reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents".<ref name="BritDis47"/> As a result of the [[British colonization of the Americas]], what became the [[United States]] was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British".<ref name="BritDis47"/>
Historically in the [[1790 United States Census]] estimate and presently in [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and [[New Zealand]] "people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population" contributing to these states becoming integral to the [[Anglosphere]].<ref name="Marsh254"/> There is also a significant population of people with British ancestry in [[South Africa]].
===Colonial period===
{{main|British colonization of the Americas}}
An English presence in North America began with the [[Roanoke Colony]] and [[Colony of Virginia]] in the late-16th century, but the first successful English settlement was established in 1607, on the [[James River (Virginia)|James River]] at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]. By the 1610s an estimated 1,300 English people had travelled to North America, the "first of many millions from the British Isles".<ref name="BritDis48">{{Harvnb|Ember et al|2004|p=48}}.</ref> In 1620 the [[Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] established the English imperial venture of [[Plymouth Colony]], beginning "a remarkable acceleration of permanent emigration from England" with over 60% of trans-Atlantic English migrants settling in the [[New England Colonies]].<ref name="BritDis48"/> During the 17th century an estimated 350,000 English and Welsh migrants arrived in North America, which in the century after the [[Acts of Union 1707]] was surpassed in rate and number by Scottish and Irish migrants.<ref name="BritDis49">{{Harvnb|Ember et al|2004|p=49}}.</ref>
[[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[John Trumbull]]'s famous painting, ''[[Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)|Declaration of Independence]]''. Most of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers]] had British ancestors.]]
The British policy of [[salutary neglect]] for its North American colonies intended to minimize trade restrictions as a way of ensuring they stayed loyal to British interests.<ref name="history of colonial"/> This permitted the development of the [[American Dream]], a cultural spirit distinct from that of its European founders.<ref name="history of colonial">{{Citation |last=Henretta |first=James A. |title=History of Colonial America |url=http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html |encyclopedia=Encarta Online Encyclopedia |year=2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021222327/http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html |archivedate=2009-10-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Thirteen Colonies]] of [[British America]] began an armed rebellion against British rule in 1775 when they rejected the [[Rights of Englishmen|right]] of the [[Parliament of Great Britain]] to govern them [[No taxation without representation|without representation]]; they proclaimed their independence in 1776, and subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a [[sovereign state]] in 1781 with the ratification of the [[Articles of Confederation]]. The [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|1783 Treaty of Paris]] represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgement of the United States' sovereignty at the end of the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref name="road">{{Citation|title=Chapter 3: The Road to Independence|url=http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm|work=Outline of U.S. History|publisher=usinfo.state.gov|date=November 2005|accessdate=2008-04-21|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080409035942/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm |archivedate = April 9, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In the original [[13 colonies]], most laws contained elements found in the English [[common law]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law.jrank.org/pages/11662/Colonial-Period.html|title=The Colonial Period|website=Law.jrank.org|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>
The vast majority of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] were of mixed British extraction. Most of these were of English descent, with smaller numbers of those of Scottish, Irish or Scots-Irish, and Welsh ancestry. A minority were of high social status and can be classified as [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant]] (WASP). Many of the prewar WASP elite were Loyalists who left the new nation.<ref>Richard D. Brown, "The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A collective view." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' (1976) 33#3: 465-480, especially pp 466, 478-79. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921543 online]</ref>
[[File:The Great Rapprochement.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Uncle Sam]] embracing [[John Bull]], while [[Britannia]] and [[Columbia (name)|Columbia]] hold hands and sit together in the background (1898).]]
====Immigration after 1776====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
|-
!colspan=6|British immigration to the U.S. 1820-2000
|-
! Period
! Arrivals
! Period
! Arrivals
! Period
! Arrivals
|-
| 1820-1830||27,489 ||1901-1910||525,950||1981-1990||159,173
|-
|1831-1840||75,810 ||1911-1920||341,408||1991-2000||151,866
|-
|1841-1850||267,044 ||1921-1930||339,570|| ||
|-
|1851-1860||423,974 ||1931-1940||31,572 || ||
|-
|1861-1870||606,896 ||1941-1950||139,306|| ||
|-
|1871-1880||548,043 ||1951-1960||202,824|| ||
|-
|1881-1890||807,357 ||1961-1970||213,822|| ||
|-
|1891-1900||271,538 ||1971-1980 ||137,374|| ||
|-
!colspan=6 style="text-align:left;"|Total arrivals: 5,271,016<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fz2UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=british+immigration+75,810,+267,044&source=bl&ots=zGtzFduNh1&sig=kKCDU1pUO5hIJetw10DyPrPlWPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj784ur_bjKAhXBcA8KHVFrBIkQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=british%20immigration%2075%2C810%2C%20267%2C044&f=false Almost All Aliens: Immigration, Race, and Colonialism in American History ...] By Paul Spickard</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVE-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA89&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+247,125+644,680&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT_8CtvqLKAhVHwj4KHURBAiQQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20247%2C125%20644%2C680&f=false Statistical Abstract of the United States] (Page: 89)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=51e8r7Yay0wC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+644,680&source=bl&ots=W9nyD6YyMo&sig=x_IaA7QNmk2E1WzrpI2PqmXwx9o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpkJ7OvKLKAhWFWBQKHRGTDFwQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20644%2C680&f=false Statistical Abstract of the United States] Immigration by country of origin 1851-1940 (Page: 107)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UG1qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=Immigration+from+England+to+the+United+States+156,171&source=bl&ots=fmUG-Sxb0d&sig=w5eINcCgep6NYK6-15efS8vtmsI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDovq66qTKAhVFGA8KHYdbARsQ6AEINjAG#v=onepage&q=Immigration%20from%20England%20to%20the%20United%20States%20156%2C171&f=false Statistical Abstract of the United States] (Page: 92)</ref>
|}
Nevertheless, longstanding cultural and historical ties have, in more modern times, resulted in the [[Special Relationship]], the exceptionally close political, diplomatic and military co-operation of [[United Kingdom – United States relations]].<ref name="wither">{{Citation|last=James|first=Wither|title=An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo-American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-first Century|date=March 2006|journal=European Security|volume=15|issue=1|pages=47–65|doi=10.1080/09662830600776694|issn=0966-2839}}<!--| accessdate =2007-01-09--></ref> [[Linda Colley]], a professor of history at [[Princeton University]] and specialist in Britishness, suggested that because of their colonial influence on the United States, the British find Americans a "mysterious and paradoxical people, physically distant but culturally close, engagingly similar yet irritatingly different".<ref>{{Harvnb|Colley|1992|p=134}}.</ref>
For over two centuries (1789-1989) of early U.S. history, all Presidents with the exception of two (Van Buren and Kennedy) were descended from the varied colonial British stock, from the Pilgrims and Puritans to the Scotch-Irish and English who settled the [[Appalachia]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GOYg58I7g30C&pg=PA835&dq=andrew+jackson+president+great-great-great+grandfather+english+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDh4uxwqDeAhUqLcAKHWMTA-0Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=albions%20seed%20presidents%20&f=false Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America] - By David Hackett Fischer (P. 839)</ref>
==Cultural contributions==
Much of U.S. culture shows influences from nation states of British culture. Colonial ties to Great Britain spread the [[English language]], legal system and other cultural attributes.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJilCCGFCTYC&pg=PR9 |title=Ethnic Groups of the Americas: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia |author=James B. Minahan |page=9 |date=2013-03-14 |accessdate=2016-10-22|isbn=9781610691642 }}</ref> Historian David Hackett Fischer has posited that four major streams of immigration from the British Isles in the colonial era contributed to the formation of a new American culture, summarised as follows:
* [[East Anglia]] to [[New England]] - ''The [[Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)|Exodus]] of the English Puritans'' ([[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] and [[Puritans#New England Puritans|Puritans]] influenced the [[Northeastern United States]]' corporate and educational culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'', pp. 13–206</ref>
* The [[Southern England|South of England]] to the [[Southern United States|lowland South]] - ''The [[Cavalier]]s and [[Indentured servant|Indentured Servants]]'' ([[Gentry]] influenced the [[Southern United States]]' plantation culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'' pp. 207–418</ref>
*[[Northern England]] to the [[Delaware Valley]] - ''The Friends' Migration'' ([[Quakers]] influenced the [[Mid-Atlantic states|Middle Atlantic]] and [[Midwestern United States]]' industrial culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'', pp. 419–604</ref>
* The [[Scottish Lowlands]] to the [[Appalachia|Backcountry]] - ''The Flight from [[North Britain]]'' ([[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Irish]], of lowland Scottish and [[Anglo-Scottish border|border]] [[English people|English]] descent, influenced the [[Western United States]]' ranch culture and the [[Southern United States]]' common agrarian culture)<ref>Fischer, ''Albion's Seed'', pp. 605–782</ref>
Fischer's theory acknowledges the presence of other groups of immigrants during the colonial period, both from the British Isles (the Welsh and the Highland Scots) and not (Germans, Dutch, and French Huguenots), but believes that these did not culturally contribute as substantially to the United States as his main four.
===Historical influence===
[[Apple pie]] – [[New England]] was the first region to experience large-scale [[English colonial empire|English colonization]] in the early 17th century, beginning in 1620, and it was dominated by [[East Anglia]]n Calvinists, better known as the [[Puritan]]s. Baking was a particular favorite of the New Englanders and was the origin of dishes seen today as quintessentially "American", such as [[apple pie]] and the oven-roasted [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] turkey.<ref>Fischer, pp. 74, 114, 134–39.</ref> "As American as apple pie" is a well-known phrase used to suggest that something is all-American.
===Automakers===
[[Buick]] – [[David Dunbar Buick]] was a [[Scotland|Scottish]]-born American, a [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]-based inventor, best known for founding the Buick Motor Company.
===Motorcycle manufacturer===
[[File:Founders of Harley-Davidson The North Shore Bulletin Dec 1920.jpg|thumb|Founders of [[Harley-Davidson]], from left: William A. Davidson, Walter Davidson, Sr., [[Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)|Arthur Davidson]] and [[William S. Harley]].]]
[[Harley-Davidson]] – The Davidson brothers were of Scottish descent (William. A., Walter and [[Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)|Arthur Davidson]]) and [[William S. Harley]] of English descent. Along with [[Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company]] was the largest and most recognizable American [[motorcycle]] manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm |title=Harley: The Littleport Connection "Without Littleport, there'd be no Harley-Davidson" |publisher=clutchandchrome.com |accessdate=March 24, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421100954/http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm |archivedate=April 21, 2006}}</ref>
===Sports===
{{Main|Origins of baseball}}
[[Baseball]] - The earliest recorded game of base-ball for which the original source survives, involved the family of [[George II of Great Britain]], played indoors in London in November 1748. The Prince is reported as playing "Bass-Ball" again in September 1749 in [[Walton-on-Thames]], Surrey, against Lord Middlesex.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why isn't baseball more popular in the UK?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23425907|accessdate=July 26, 2013|work=BBC News|date=2013-07-26|last1=Sulat|first1=Nate}}</ref> The English lawyer William Bray wrote in his diary that he had played a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in [[Guildford]], also in [[Surrey]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html |title=Major League Baseball Told: Your Sport Is British, Not American |date=September 11, 2008 |accessdate=February 3, 2009 |work=Telegraph |location=London |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016132738/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html |archivedate=October 16, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7609000/7609897.stm |title=History of baseball exposed |publisher=BBC News |date=September 11, 2008 |accessdate=August 3, 2013}}</ref> English lawyer William Bray recorded a game of baseball on [[Easter Monday]] 1755 in [[Guildford]], [[Surrey]]; Bray's diary was verified as authentic in September 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7622026.stm|title=BBC NEWS - UK - England - Baseball 'origin' uncovered|website=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015|date=2008-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/southtoday/content/articles/2008/09/09/baseball_feature.shtml|title=BBC - South Today - Features - Baseball history|website=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref> This early form of the game was apparently brought to North America by British immigrants. The first appearance of the term that exists in print was in "[[A Little Pretty Pocket-Book]]" in 1744, where it is called Base-Ball. Today, [[Rounders]] which has been played in England since [[Tudor period|Tudor]] times holds a similarity to Baseball. Although, literary references to early forms of "base-ball" in the United Kingdom pre-date use of the term "rounders".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html|title=Major League Baseball told: Your sport is British, not American|author=Telegraph staff and agencies|date=11 September 2008|work=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>
===Continental Colours, 1775-1777===
[[File:Flag of the United States (1776–1777).svg|thumb|right|The "[[Grand Union Flag]]" which served as the U.S. national flag from 1776 to 1777; the thirteen stripes represent the original [[Thirteen colonies]].]]
The [[Grand Union Flag]] is considered to be the first national [[Flag of the United States#First flag|flag of the United States]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false Popular Mechanics] - Oct 1926</ref> The design consisted of 13 stripes, red and white, representing the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], the [[canton (flag)|canton]] on the upper left-hand corner bearing the British [[Union Flag#History|Union Flag]], the red cross of St. George of England with the white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland. The flag was first flown on December 2, 1775 by [[John Paul Jones]] (then a Continental Navy lieutenant) on the ship ''[[USS Alfred|Alfred]]'' in Philadelphia).<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false Popular Mechanics] - Oct 1926</ref>
==Place names==
===Alabama===
*[[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] after [[Birmingham]], England
===Connecticut===
*[[Essex, Connecticut]] after [[Essex, England]]
*[[Greenwich, Connecticut]] after [[Greenwich, England]]
*[[Manchester, Connecticut]] after [[Manchester, England]]
*[[New London, Connecticut]] after [[London, England]]
*[[Norfolk, Connecticut]] after [[Norfolk, England]]
===Delaware===
*[[Dover, Delaware|Dover]] after [[Dover]], England
*[[Kent County, Delaware]] after [[Kent, England]]
*[[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] named by [[proprietary colony|Proprietor]] [[Thomas Penn]] after his friend [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington|Spencer Compton]], [[Earl of Wilmington]], who was prime minister in the reign of [[George II of Great Britain]].
===Maryland===
*[[Aberdeen, Maryland]] after [[Aberdeen, Scotland]]
*[[Chester, Maryland]] after [[Chester, England]]
*[[Chestertown, Maryland]] after [[Chester, England]]
*[[Essex, Maryland]] after [[Essex, England]]
*[[Glencoe, Maryland]] after [[Glencoe, Scotland]]
*[[Hereford, Maryland]] after [[Hereford, England]]
*[[Kensington, Maryland]] after [[Kensington|Kensington, England]]
*[[Manchester, Maryland]] after [[Manchester, England]]
*[[Olney, Maryland]] after [[Olney, Buckinghamshire|Olney, England]]
*[[Westminster, Maryland]] after [[Westminster, England]]
===Massachusetts===
*[[Bedford, Massachusetts]] after [[Bedford, England]]
*[[Boston]] after [[Boston, England]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iboston.org/mcp.php?pid=taleOfTwoBostons|title=A Tale of Two Bostons - iBoston|website=Iboston.org|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] after the [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] of [[Cambridge]], England<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory|title=Brief History of Cambridge, Mass. - Cambridge Historical Commission - City of Cambridge, Massachusetts|first=City of|last=Cambridge|website=Cambridgema.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Falmouth, Massachusetts]] after [[Falmouth, England]]
*[[Gloucester, Massachusetts|Gloucester]] after [[Gloucester]], England
*[[Hampshire County, Massachusetts]] after [[Hampshire, England]]
*[[Middlesex County, Massachusetts]] after [[Middlesex, England]]
*[[Plymouth, Massachusetts]] after [[Plymouth, England]]
*[[Southampton, Massachusetts|Southampton]] after [[Southampton]], England<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141|title=ePodunk|website=Epodunk.com|accessdate=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107232910/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Suffolk County, Massachusetts]] after [[Suffolk, England]]
*[[Swansea, Massachusetts]] after [[Swansea]], [[Wales]]
*[[Weymouth, Massachusetts]] after [[Weymouth, Dorset]], England
*[[Worcester, Massachusetts]] after [[Worcester, England]]
===Michigan===
*[[Birmingham, Michigan|Birmingham]] after [[Birmingham]], England
*[[Plymouth, Michigan|Plymouth]] after [[Plymouth]], England
===New Hampshire===
*[[New Hampshire]] state (after [[Hampshire]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm|title=The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from NETSTATE.COM|first=NSTATE, LLC|last=http://www.n-state.com|website=Netstate.com|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>)
*[[Derry, New Hampshire]] after [[Derry, Northern Ireland]]
*[[Durham, New Hampshire]] after [[Durham, England]]
*[[Exeter, New Hampshire]] after [[Exeter, England]]
*[[Londonderry, New Hampshire]] after [[Londonderry, Northern Ireland]]
*[[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] after [[Manchester, England]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boulter.com/nh/|title=New Hampshire|website=Boulter.com|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[New London, New Hampshire]] after [[London, England]]
*[[Plymouth, New Hampshire]] after [[Plymouth, England]]
*[[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]] after [[Portsmouth, England]]
===New York State===
*[[New York (state)|New York]] (state) and [[New York City]] after [[York, England]]
===Pennsylvania===
*[[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]] after [[Buckinghamshire]], England
*[[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]] and [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester]] after [[Chester]], England
*[[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]] after [[Carlisle, England]]
*[[Darby, Pennsylvania|Darby]] derived from [[Derby]] (pronounced ''"Darby"''), the [[county town]] of [[Derbyshire]] (pronounced ''"Darbyshire"'')<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n99 100]}}</ref>
*[[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] and [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] after the city of [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] in the county of [[Lancashire]] in England, the native home of John Wright, one of the early [[settler]]s.<ref>[http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp Petition for the Establishment of Lancaster County] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060807113052/http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp |date=2006-08-07 }}, February 6, 1728/9</ref>
*[[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading, Berks County]] after [[Reading, Berkshire]], England
*[[Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Warminster]] after a small town in the county of Wiltshire, at the western extremity of Salisbury Plain, England.<ref>{{cite web|title=WARMINSTER TOWNSHIP HISTORY|url=http://www.warminstertownship.org/public-information/aboutwarminster/history|website=Warminstertownship.org|accessdate=2015-07-31}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*[[York, Pennsylvania]] after [[York, England]]
===Virginia===
*[[Crewe, Virginia]] after [[Crewe, England]]
*[[Dumfries, Virginia]] after [[Dumfries, Scotland]]
*[[Edinburg, Virginia]] after [[Edinburgh, Scotland]]
*[[Falmouth, Virginia]] after [[Falmouth, England]]
*[[Isle of Wight County, Virginia]] after [[Isle of Wight, England]]
*[[Kilmarnock, Virginia]] after [[Kilmarnock, Scotland]]
*[[Glasgow, Virginia]] after [[Glasgow, Scotland]]
*[[Gloucester, Virginia]] after [[Gloucester, England]]
*[[Richmond, Virginia]] and [[Richmond County, Virginia]] after [[Richmond, London]]
*[[Lancaster County, Virginia]] after [[Lancashire, England]]
*[[Hampton, Virginia]] after [[Hampton, London|Hampton, London, England]]
*[[Midlothian, Virginia]] after [[Midlothian, Scotland]]
*[[New Kent County, Virginia]] after [[Kent County, England]]
*[[Norfolk, Virginia]] after [[Norfolk, England]]
*[[Northampton County, Virginia]] after [[Northampton, England]]
*[[Northumberland County, Virginia]] after [[Northumberland, England]]
*[[Portsmouth, Virginia]] after [[Portsmouth, England]]
*[[Stafford, Virginia]] after [[Stafford, England]]
*[[Suffolk, Virginia]] after [[Suffolk, England]]
*[[Westmoreland County, Virginia]] after Westmoreland (now part of [[Cumbria, England]]
*[[Winchester, Virginia]] after [[Winchester, England]]
In addition, some places were named after the kings and queens of the former kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]. The name Virginia was first applied by Queen [[Elizabeth I]] (the "Virgin Queen") and Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584.,<ref>In 1584 [[Sir Walter Raleigh]] sent [[Philip Amadas]] and [[Arthur Barlowe]] to lead an exploration of what is now the [[North Carolina]] coast, and they returned with word of a regional "king" named "Wingina." This was modified later that year by Raleigh and the Queen to "Virginia", perhaps in part noting her status as the "Virgin Queen." {{cite book |title=Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States |last= Stewart|first=George |authorlink=George R. Stewart|year=1945 |publisher= Random House|location=New York |page= 22}}</ref> the [[Carolinas]] were named after [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and [[Maryland]] named so for his wife, [[Queen Henrietta Maria]] (Queen Mary).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm|title=The State of Maryland|work=netstate.com}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|United States|United Kingdom}}
*[[Anglo-Celtic Australians]]
*[[Hyphenated American]]
*[[English diaspora]]
*[[List of English Americans]]
*[[List of Scots-Irish Americans]]
*[[List of Scottish Americans]]
*[[List of Welsh Americans]]
*[[Americans in the United Kingdom]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Scholarly sources==
* [[Oscar Handlin]], Ann Orlov and Stephan Thernstrom eds. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups'' (1980) the standard reference source for all ethnic groups.
* [[Rowland Tappan Berthoff]]. ''British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790-1950'' (1953).
* [[David Hackett Fischer]]. ''[[Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways In America]]'' (1989).
==External links==
*[https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/pc80-s1-10.html 1980 U.S. Census ancestry lists]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141009091354/http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/downloadFile.cgi?file=1041-6-15955-AF_Census_Data.pdf&filename=AF_Census_Data.pdf References]
*[https://archive.today/20200212041824/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on 2000 Census Bureau ancestry figures]
{{European Americans}}
{{British diaspora}}
[[Category:British American| ]]
[[Category:American people of British descent| ]]
[[Category:British diaspora by country|American]]
[[Category:European-American society]]
[[Category:United Kingdom–United States relations]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
-{{about|people of the U.S. with ancestral roots in the United Kingdom|other uses|Great Britain}}
-{{distinguish|Anglo-Americans}}
-{{Infobox ethnic group
-| group = British Americans
-| image = [[File:Flag of United States.svg|100px]] [[File:Flag of United Kingdom.svg|100px]]
-| population = Self-identified as British<br> '''1,891,234'''{{increase}} (2017)<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table |date=2017-10-18 }} - 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}} <br/>0.6% of the total U.S. population.<br/>Other estimates: '''72,065,000'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.co.uk/about/default.aspx?section=pr-2006-11-9a|title=About Ancestry.co.uk|website=Ancestry.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}}<br/>23.3% of the total U.S. population
-| popplace = Throughout the entire United States except parts of the Midwest<br/>Predominantly in the South, Northeast and West regions.
-| langs = [[English language|English]] <small>([[American English]], [[British English]])</small>, [[Goidelic languages]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
-| rels = [[Christianity|Christian]]<br/> Mainly [[Protestant]] (especially [[Baptist]], [[Congregationalist]], [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]], [[Methodist]], [[Presbyterian]] and [[Quaker]]) and to a lesser extent [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[LDS Church|Mormon]]
-| related = {{hlist| [[English Americans]] | [[Scottish Americans]] | [[Welsh Americans]] | [[Scotch-Irish Americans]] | [[Manx Americans]] | | [[Cornish Americans]] | [[American ancestry|Americans]] | [[Canadians of English descent|British Canadians]] | [[Gaels]] | [[British people|Britons]] | [[Irish Americans]] | [[Old Stock Americans]]}}
+{{a] | [[Old Stock Americans]]}}
}}
' |
New page size (new_size) | 48357 |
Old page size (old_size) | 50384 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -2027 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{a] | [[Old Stock Americans]]}}'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{about|people of the U.S. with ancestral roots in the United Kingdom|other uses|Great Britain}}',
1 => '{{distinguish|Anglo-Americans}}',
2 => '{{Infobox ethnic group',
3 => '| group = British Americans',
4 => '| image = [[File:Flag of United States.svg|100px]] [[File:Flag of United Kingdom.svg|100px]]',
5 => '| population = Self-identified as British<br> '''1,891,234'''{{increase}} (2017)<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table |date=2017-10-18 }} - 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}} <br/>0.6% of the total U.S. population.<br/>Other estimates: '''72,065,000'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.co.uk/about/default.aspx?section=pr-2006-11-9a|title=About Ancestry.co.uk|website=Ancestry.co.uk|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2019}}<br/>23.3% of the total U.S. population',
6 => '| popplace = Throughout the entire United States except parts of the Midwest<br/>Predominantly in the South, Northeast and West regions.',
7 => '| langs = [[English language|English]] <small>([[American English]], [[British English]])</small>, [[Goidelic languages]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]]',
8 => '| rels = [[Christianity|Christian]]<br/> Mainly [[Protestant]] (especially [[Baptist]], [[Congregationalist]], [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]], [[Methodist]], [[Presbyterian]] and [[Quaker]]) and to a lesser extent [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[LDS Church|Mormon]]',
9 => '| related = {{hlist| [[English Americans]] | [[Scottish Americans]] | [[Welsh Americans]] | [[Scotch-Irish Americans]] | [[Manx Americans]] | | [[Cornish Americans]] | [[American ancestry|Americans]] | [[Canadians of English descent|British Canadians]] | [[Gaels]] | [[British people|Britons]] | [[Irish Americans]] | [[Old Stock Americans]]}}'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
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35 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/',
36 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080524215729/http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509',
37 => 'http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509',
38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20091021222327/http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html',
39 => 'http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html',
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41 => 'http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm',
42 => 'http://law.jrank.org/pages/11662/Colonial-Period.html',
43 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921543',
44 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=fz2UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=british+immigration+75,810,+267,044&source=bl&ots=zGtzFduNh1&sig=kKCDU1pUO5hIJetw10DyPrPlWPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj784ur_bjKAhXBcA8KHVFrBIkQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=british%20immigration%2075,810,%20267,044&f=false',
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49 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0966-2839',
50 => 'https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GOYg58I7g30C&pg=PA835&dq=andrew+jackson+president+great-great-great+grandfather+english+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDh4uxwqDeAhUqLcAKHWMTA-0Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=albions%20seed%20presidents%20&f=false',
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53 => 'http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm',
54 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23425907',
55 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081016132738/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html',
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57 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7609000/7609897.stm',
58 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7622026.stm',
59 => 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/southtoday/content/articles/2008/09/09/baseball_feature.shtml',
60 => 'https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false',
61 => 'http://www.iboston.org/mcp.php?pid=taleOfTwoBostons',
62 => 'https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory',
63 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171107232910/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141',
64 => 'http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141',
65 => 'http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm',
66 => 'http://boulter.com/nh/',
67 => 'https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ',
68 => 'https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n99',
69 => 'http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp',
70 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060807113052/http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp',
71 => 'http://www.warminstertownship.org/public-information/aboutwarminster/history',
72 => 'http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm',
73 => 'http://www.n-state.com',
74 => 'https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/pc80-s1-10.html',
75 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141009091354/http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/downloadFile.cgi?file=1041-6-15955-AF_Census_Data.pdf&filename=AF_Census_Data.pdf',
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7 => 'http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html',
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11 => 'http://www.csun.edu/~hfgeg005/eturner/images/Books/WTP/WTPch5_W_Eur.pdf',
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15 => '//doi.org/10.1080%2F09662830600776694',
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25 => 'http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509',
26 => 'http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp',
27 => 'https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false',
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29 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=51e8r7Yay0wC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+644,680&source=bl&ots=W9nyD6YyMo&sig=x_IaA7QNmk2E1WzrpI2PqmXwx9o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpkJ7OvKLKAhWFWBQKHRGTDFwQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20644,680&f=false',
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55 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060421100954/http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm',
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63 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141009091354/http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/downloadFile.cgi?file=1041-6-15955-AF_Census_Data.pdf&filename=AF_Census_Data.pdf',
64 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035325/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html',
65 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table',
66 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171107232910/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141',
67 => '//doi.org/10.1080%2F09662830600776694',
68 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209',
69 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921543',
70 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0966-2839',
71 => 'https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table',
72 => 'https://archive.today/20200212041824/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on',
73 => 'https://archive.today/20200212213043/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table',
74 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23425907',
75 => 'https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GOYg58I7g30C&pg=PA835&dq=andrew+jackson+president+great-great-great+grandfather+english+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDh4uxwqDeAhUqLcAKHWMTA-0Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=albions%20seed%20presidents%20&f=false',
76 => 'https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false',
77 => 'https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=british+ancestry+american+community+survey&source=bl&ots=SgNvxJ1Rgk&sig=sOC3T4Rmo-4rujsyjtLKgAkPgv4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0oN-z7pjeAhVLAcAKHXhQBDk4ChDoATAAegQIABAB#v=onepage&q=british%20ancestry%20american%20community%20survey&f=false',
78 => 'https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=12,395,999+census+american&source=bl&ots=SiNYQ3pxRe&sig=J-EXbgcZPGerEm-peSdXhkIrBCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8wMDv75jeAhXrD8AKHZsVCZ8Q6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=12,395,999%20census%20american&f=false',
79 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html'
] |
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</p><p><b>British American</b> usually refers to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> whose <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestry">ancestral origin</a> originates wholly or partly in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>). In the 2017 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> 1,891,234 individuals or 0.6% of the responses self-identified as British.<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder.census.gov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder.census.gov-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2019)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> It is primarily a demographic or historical research category for people who have at least partial descent from peoples of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, i.e. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a> Americans.
There has been a significant drop overall, especially from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a> census where 49.59 million people reported English ancestry.
</p><p>Demographers regard current figures as a serious under-count, as a large proportion of Americans of British descent have a tendency to identify as 'American' since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a> where over 13.3 million or 5.9% of the total U.S. population self-identified as "American" or "United States", this was counted under "not specified".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> This response is highly overrepresented in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a> a region settled historically by the British.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Many of mixed European ancestry, may identify with a more recent and differentiated ethnic group.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Of the top ten family names in the United States (2010), seven have English origins or having possible mixed British Isles heritage, the other three being of Spanish origin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Not to be confused when the term is also used in an entirely different (although possibly overlapping) sense to refer to people who are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dual_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual citizens">dual citizens</a> of both the United Kingdom and the United States.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Sense_of_heritage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sense of heritage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Number_of_British_Americans"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Number of British Americans</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Composition_of_Colonial_America"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Composition of Colonial America</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Studies_on_origins,_1790"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Studies on origins, 1790</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#1980"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">1980</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#1990"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">1990</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#2000"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">2000</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Geographical_distribution"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Geographical distribution</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#English"><span class="tocnumber">2.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">English</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Scottish"><span class="tocnumber">2.6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Scottish</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Welsh"><span class="tocnumber">2.6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Welsh</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Colonial_period"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Colonial period</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Immigration_after_1776"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Immigration after 1776</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Cultural_contributions"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural contributions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Historical_influence"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical influence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Automakers"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Automakers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Motorcycle_manufacturer"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Motorcycle manufacturer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Continental_Colours,_1775-1777"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Continental Colours, 1775-1777</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Place_names"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Place names</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Alabama"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alabama</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Connecticut"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Connecticut</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Delaware"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Delaware</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Maryland"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Maryland</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Massachusetts"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Massachusetts</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Michigan"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Michigan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#New_Hampshire"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">New Hampshire</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#New_York_State"><span class="tocnumber">5.8</span> <span class="toctext">New York State</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Pennsylvania"><span class="tocnumber">5.9</span> <span class="toctext">Pennsylvania</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Virginia"><span class="tocnumber">5.10</span> <span class="toctext">Virginia</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Scholarly_sources"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Scholarly sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sense_of_heritage">Sense of heritage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sense of heritage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg/300px-United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg/450px-United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg/600px-United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_United_States_Locator.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#3c9d3c; color:#3c9d3c;">    </span> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>  <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#ff7500; color:#ff7500;">    </span> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> of British heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a>" due to the many historic, linguistic and cultural ties between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the U.S. and their influence on the country's population. A leading specialist, Charlotte Erickson, found them to be ethnically "invisible".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> This may be due to the early establishment of British settlements; as well as to non-English groups having emigrated in order to establish significant communities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Number_of_British_Americans">Number of British Americans</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Number of British Americans">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Table below shows the results from 1980 when ancestry was first collected by the U.S. census and the 2010 American Community Survey. Response rates for the ancestry question was 90.4% in 1990 and 80.1% in 2000 for the total US population.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:317px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:American_Ancestrial_Plurality_(2010).png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/American_Ancestrial_Plurality_%282010%29.png/315px-American_Ancestrial_Plurality_%282010%29.png" decoding="async" width="315" height="134" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/American_Ancestrial_Plurality_%282010%29.png/473px-American_Ancestrial_Plurality_%282010%29.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/American_Ancestrial_Plurality_%282010%29.png/630px-American_Ancestrial_Plurality_%282010%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="732" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:American_Ancestrial_Plurality_(2010).png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>British American plurality in light green. (2010)</div></div></div>
<table class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="1">Year
</th>
<th>Ancestral origin
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>% of population
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a>; totals</b></td>
<td><b>61,327,867</b></td>
<td><b>31.67%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4">1980
</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>49,598,035</td>
<td>26.34%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scottish</td>
<td>10,048,816</td>
<td>4.44%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Welsh</td>
<td>1,664,598</td>
<td>0.88%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Northern Irelander</td>
<td>16,418</td>
<td>0.01%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b></td>
<td><b>46,816,175</b></td>
<td><b>18.8%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5">1990
</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>32,651,788</td>
<td>13.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scottish</td>
<td>5,393,581</td>
<td>2.2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scotch-Irish</td>
<td>5,617,773</td>
<td>2.3%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Welsh</td>
<td>2,033,893</td>
<td>0.8%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>British</td>
<td>1,119,140</td>
<td>0.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b></td>
<td><b>36,564,465</b></td>
<td><b>12.9%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5">2000
</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>24,515,138</td>
<td>8.7%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scottish</td>
<td>4,890,581</td>
<td>1.7%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scotch-Irish</td>
<td>4,319,232</td>
<td>1.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Welsh</td>
<td>1,753,794</td>
<td>0.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>British</td>
<td>1,085,720</td>
<td>0.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b></td>
<td><b>37,619,881</b></td>
<td><b>14.4%</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5">2010
</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>25,927,345</td>
<td>8.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scottish</td>
<td>5,460,679</td>
<td>3.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scotch-Irish</td>
<td>3,257,161</td>
<td>1.9%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Welsh</td>
<td>1,793,356</td>
<td>0.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>British</td>
<td>1,181,340</td>
<td>0.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" style="text-align:left"><small>Source:United States Census Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></small>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Composition_of_Colonial_America">Composition of Colonial America</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition of Colonial America">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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<p>Ethnic distribution in 1700.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:DarkBlue; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> English / Welsh (80.0%)</div><div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:Gold; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> (4.0%)</div><div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:dodgerblue; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> (3.0%)</div><div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:Green; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> All African (11.0%)</div><div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:Red; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Other Europeans (2.0%)</div>
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</div></div>
<p>According to estimates by Thomas L. Purvis (1984), published in the <i>European ancestry of the United States</i>, gives the ethnic composition of the American colonies from 1700 to 1755. British ancestry in 1755 were estimated to be 52% English and Welsh, 7.0% Scots-Irish and 4% Scottish.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Studies_on_origins.2C_1790"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Studies_on_origins,_1790">Studies on origins, 1790</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Studies on origins, 1790">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The ancestry of the 3,929,214 population in 1790 has been estimated by various sources by sampling last names in the very first United States official census and assigning them a country of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-lieberson1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lieberson1-20">[20]</a></sup>
There is debate over the accuracy between the studies with individual scholars and the Federal Government using different techniques and conclusion for the ethnic composition.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lieberson1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lieberson1-20">[20]</a></sup>
A study published in 1909 titled <i>A Century of Population Growth</i> by the Census Bureau estimated the British origin combined were around 90% of the white population.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>Another source by Thomas L. Purvis in 1984<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> estimated that people of British ancestry made up about 62% of the total population or 74% of the white or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_American" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">European American</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
Some 81% of the total United States population was of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="European ethnic groups">European</a> heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
Around 757,208 were of African descent with 697,624 being slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="1980">1980</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1980">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The 1980 census was the first that asked people's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestry">ancestry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> The 1980 United States Census reported 61,327,867 individuals or 31.67% of the total U.S. population self-identitfied as having British descent.
In 1980 16,418 Americans reported ‘Northern Islander’. No <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scots-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Irish American">Scots-Irish</a> (descendants of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster-Scots</a>) ancestry was recorded, however over ten million people identified as Scottish.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
This figure fell to over 5 million each in the following census when the Scotch-Irish were first counted.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="1990">1990</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1990">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Over 90.4% of the United States population reported at least one ancestry, 9.6% (23,921,371) individuals as "not stated" with a total of 11.0% being "not specified".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> Additional responses were Cornish (3,991), Northern Irish 4,009 and Manx 6,317.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2000">2000</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Most of the population who stated their ancestry as "American" (20,625,093 or 7.3%) are said to be of old colonial <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancestry2000_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancestry2000-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="sort wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3">2000 Census<sup id="cite_ref-The_Source:_Gen_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Source:_Gen-35">[35]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>Ancestry
</th>
<th>Number
</th>
<th>% of total
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a></td>
<td>42,885,162</td>
<td>15.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African</a></td>
<td>36,419,434</td>
<td>12.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a></td>
<td>30,594,130</td>
<td>10.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>English</b></td>
<td><b>24,515,138</b></td>
<td><b>8.7</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a></td>
<td>20,640,711</td>
<td>7.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian</a></td>
<td>15,723,555</td>
<td>5.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American">French</a></td>
<td>10,846,018</td>
<td>3.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a></td>
<td>10,017,244</td>
<td>3.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish American">Polish</a></td>
<td>8,977,444</td>
<td>3.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Scottish</b></td>
<td><b>4,890,581</b></td>
<td><b>1.7</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch American">Dutch</a></td>
<td>4,542,494</td>
<td>1.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegian</a></td>
<td>4,477,725</td>
<td>1.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Scotch-Irish</b></td>
<td><b>4,319,232</b></td>
<td><b>1.5</b>
</td></tr>
<tr class="sortbottom" bgcolor="lightgrey">
<td>United States</td>
<td>281,421,906</td>
<td>100
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geographical distribution">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:English1346.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/English1346.gif/150px-English1346.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/English1346.gif/225px-English1346.gif 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/English1346.gif/300px-English1346.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">English</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif/150px-Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif/225px-Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif/300px-Census_Bureau_Scottish_Americans_in_the_United_States.gif 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="373" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scottish</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Scotch_irish1346.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Scotch_irish1346.gif/150px-Scotch_irish1346.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Scotch_irish1346.gif/225px-Scotch_irish1346.gif 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Scotch_irish1346.gif/300px-Scotch_irish1346.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scots-Irish</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Welsh1346.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Welsh1346.gif/150px-Welsh1346.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Welsh1346.gif/225px-Welsh1346.gif 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Welsh1346.gif/300px-Welsh1346.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Welsh</div></div></div></div></div>
<p>Following are the top 10 highest percentage of people of English, Scottish and Welsh ancestry, in U.S. communities with 500 or more total inhabitants (for the total list of the 101 communities, see references)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="English">English</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: English">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ol><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hildale,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildale, UT">Hildale, UT</a> 66.9%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colorado_City,_AZ" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado City, AZ">Colorado City, AZ</a> 52.7%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milbridge,_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Milbridge, ME">Milbridge, ME</a> 41.1%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panguitch,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Panguitch, UT">Panguitch, UT</a> 40.0%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beaver,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaver, UT">Beaver, UT</a> 39.8%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enterprise,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise, UT">Enterprise, UT</a> 39.4%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Machias,_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="East Machias, ME">East Machias, ME</a> 39.1%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marriott-Slaterville,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriott-Slaterville, UT">Marriott-Slaterville, UT</a> 38.2%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wellsville,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellsville, UT">Wellsville, UT</a> 37.9%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morgan,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan, UT">Morgan, UT</a> 37.2%</li></ol>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Scottish">Scottish</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scottish">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ol><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lonaconing,_MD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonaconing, MD">Lonaconing, MD</a> town 16.1%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordan_Township,_Whiteside_County,_Illinois" title="Jordan Township, Whiteside County, Illinois">Jordan, IL</a> township 12.6%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scioto_Township,_Jackson_County,_Ohio" title="Scioto Township, Jackson County, Ohio">Scioto, OH</a> township 12.1%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randolph_Township,_Tippecanoe_County,_Indiana" title="Randolph Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana">Randolph, IN</a> township 10.2%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franconia,_NH" class="mw-redirect" title="Franconia, NH">Franconia, NH</a> town 10.1%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Topsham,_VT" class="mw-redirect" title="Topsham, VT">Topsham, VT</a> town 10.0%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryegate,_VT" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryegate, VT">Ryegate, VT</a> town 9.9%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plainfield,_VT" class="mw-redirect" title="Plainfield, VT">Plainfield, VT</a> town 9.8%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saratoga_Springs,_UT" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratoga Springs, UT">Saratoga Springs, UT</a> town 9.7%</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barnet,_VT" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnet, VT">Barnet, VT</a> town 9.5%</li></ol>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Welsh">Welsh</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Welsh">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ol><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malad_City,_ID" class="mw-redirect" title="Malad City, ID">Malad City, ID</a> city 21.1</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remsen,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Remsen, NY">Remsen, NY</a> town 14.6</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oak_Hill,_OH" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Hill, OH">Oak Hill, OH</a> village 13.6</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madison_Township,_Jackson_County,_Ohio" title="Madison Township, Jackson County, Ohio">Madison, OH</a> township 12.7</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steuben,_New_York" title="Steuben, New York">Steuben, NY</a> town 10.9</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Jackson_County,_Ohio" title="Franklin Township, Jackson County, Ohio">Franklin, OH</a> township 10.5</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_PA" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth, PA">Plymouth, PA</a> borough 10.3</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackson,_OH" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson, OH">Jackson, OH</a> city 10.0</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_Township,_Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lake Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania">Lake, PA</a> township 9.9</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radnor_Township,_Delaware_County,_Ohio" title="Radnor Township, Delaware County, Ohio">Radnor, OH</a> township 9.8</li></ol>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a> consists of the scattering of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British people</a> and their descendants who <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emigrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrated">emigrated</a> from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The diaspora is concentrated in countries that had mass migration such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and that are part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>. A 2006 publication from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">Institute for Public Policy Research</a> estimated 5.6 million British-born people lived outside of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-BritsAbroad_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritsAbroad-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a> the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>'s expansion during the first half of the 19th century saw an "extraordinary dispersion of the British people", with particular concentrations "in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-BritDis47_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritDis47-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>The British Empire was "built on waves of migration overseas by British people",<sup id="cite_ref-Marsh254_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsh254-42">[42]</a></sup> who left the United Kingdom and "reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents".<sup id="cite_ref-BritDis47_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritDis47-41">[41]</a></sup> As a result of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British colonization of the Americas</a>, what became the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British".<sup id="cite_ref-BritDis47_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritDis47-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>Historically in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1790_United_States_Census" title="1790 United States Census">1790 United States Census</a> estimate and presently in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> "people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population" contributing to these states becoming integral to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marsh254_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsh254-42">[42]</a></sup> There is also a significant population of people with British ancestry in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Colonial period">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British colonization of the Americas</a></div>
<p>An English presence in North America began with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke Colony</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> in the late-16th century, but the first successful English settlement was established in 1607, on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_River_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="James River (Virginia)">James River</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a>. By the 1610s an estimated 1,300 English people had travelled to North America, the "first of many millions from the British Isles".<sup id="cite_ref-BritDis48_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritDis48-43">[43]</a></sup> In 1620 the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pilgrim_(Plymouth_Colony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> established the English imperial venture of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>, beginning "a remarkable acceleration of permanent emigration from England" with over 60% of trans-Atlantic English migrants settling in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BritDis48_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritDis48-43">[43]</a></sup> During the 17th century an estimated 350,000 English and Welsh migrants arrived in North America, which in the century after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a> was surpassed in rate and number by Scottish and Irish migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-BritDis49_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritDis49-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/280px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="185" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/420px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/560px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1969" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a>'s famous painting, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Trumbull)" title="Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)">Declaration of Independence</a></i>. Most of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a> had British ancestors.</div></div></div>
<p>The British policy of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salutary_neglect" title="Salutary neglect">salutary neglect</a> for its North American colonies intended to minimize trade restrictions as a way of ensuring they stayed loyal to British interests.<sup id="cite_ref-history_of_colonial_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_colonial-45">[45]</a></sup> This permitted the development of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a>, a cultural spirit distinct from that of its European founders.<sup id="cite_ref-history_of_colonial_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_colonial-45">[45]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a> began an armed rebellion against British rule in 1775 when they rejected the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">right</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> to govern them <a href="/enwiki/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">without representation</a>; they proclaimed their independence in 1776, and subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> in 1781 with the ratification of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">1783 Treaty of Paris</a> represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgement of the United States' sovereignty at the end of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-road_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-road-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the original <a href="/enwiki/wiki/13_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="13 colonies">13 colonies</a>, most laws contained elements found in the English <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup>
</p><p>The vast majority of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a> were of mixed British extraction. Most of these were of English descent, with smaller numbers of those of Scottish, Irish or Scots-Irish, and Welsh ancestry. A minority were of high social status and can be classified as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">White Anglo-Saxon Protestant</a> (WASP). Many of the prewar WASP elite were Loyalists who left the new nation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg/170px-The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg/255px-The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg/340px-The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2157" data-file-height="3000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a> embracing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bull" title="John Bull">John Bull</a>, while <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbia_(name)" title="Columbia (name)">Columbia</a> hold hands and sit together in the background (1898).</div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Immigration_after_1776">Immigration after 1776</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Immigration after 1776">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="6">British immigration to the U.S. 1820-2000
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>Period
</th>
<th>Arrivals
</th>
<th>Period
</th>
<th>Arrivals
</th>
<th>Period
</th>
<th>Arrivals
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1820-1830</td>
<td>27,489</td>
<td>1901-1910</td>
<td>525,950</td>
<td>1981-1990</td>
<td>159,173
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1831-1840</td>
<td>75,810</td>
<td>1911-1920</td>
<td>341,408</td>
<td>1991-2000</td>
<td>151,866
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1841-1850</td>
<td>267,044</td>
<td>1921-1930</td>
<td>339,570</td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1851-1860</td>
<td>423,974</td>
<td>1931-1940</td>
<td>31,572</td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1861-1870</td>
<td>606,896</td>
<td>1941-1950</td>
<td>139,306</td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1871-1880</td>
<td>548,043</td>
<td>1951-1960</td>
<td>202,824</td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1881-1890</td>
<td>807,357</td>
<td>1961-1970</td>
<td>213,822</td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1891-1900</td>
<td>271,538</td>
<td>1971-1980</td>
<td>137,374</td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="6" style="text-align:left;">Total arrivals: 5,271,016<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup>
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Nevertheless, longstanding cultural and historical ties have, in more modern times, resulted in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a>, the exceptionally close political, diplomatic and military co-operation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom – United States relations">United Kingdom – United States relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wither_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wither-53">[53]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linda_Colley" title="Linda Colley">Linda Colley</a>, a professor of history at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and specialist in Britishness, suggested that because of their colonial influence on the United States, the British find Americans a "mysterious and paradoxical people, physically distant but culturally close, engagingly similar yet irritatingly different".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup>
</p><p>For over two centuries (1789-1989) of early U.S. history, all Presidents with the exception of two (Van Buren and Kennedy) were descended from the varied colonial British stock, from the Pilgrims and Puritans to the Scotch-Irish and English who settled the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultural_contributions">Cultural contributions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cultural contributions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Much of U.S. culture shows influences from nation states of British culture. Colonial ties to Great Britain spread the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>, legal system and other cultural attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-56">[56]</a></sup> Historian David Hackett Fischer has posited that four major streams of immigration from the British Isles in the colonial era contributed to the formation of a new American culture, summarised as follows:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> - <i>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puritan_migration_to_New_England_(1620%E2%80%931640)" title="Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)">Exodus</a> of the English Puritans</i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puritans#New_England_Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> influenced the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>' corporate and educational culture)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup></li>
<li>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">South of England</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">lowland South</a> - <i>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Cavaliers</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indentured_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servant">Indentured Servants</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">Gentry</a> influenced the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>' plantation culture)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> - <i>The Friends' Migration</i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> influenced the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic states">Middle Atlantic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>' industrial culture)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup></li>
<li>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Backcountry</a> - <i>The Flight from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Britain" title="North Britain">North Britain</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scotch-Irish</a>, of lowland Scottish and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">border</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> descent, influenced the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>' ranch culture and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>' common agrarian culture)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Fischer's theory acknowledges the presence of other groups of immigrants during the colonial period, both from the British Isles (the Welsh and the Highland Scots) and not (Germans, Dutch, and French Huguenots), but believes that these did not culturally contribute as substantially to the United States as his main four.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_influence">Historical influence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Historical influence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple pie</a> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> was the first region to experience large-scale <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="English colonial empire">English colonization</a> in the early 17th century, beginning in 1620, and it was dominated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglian</a> Calvinists, better known as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritans</a>. Baking was a particular favorite of the New Englanders and was the origin of dishes seen today as quintessentially "American", such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">apple pie</a> and the oven-roasted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> "As American as apple pie" is a well-known phrase used to suggest that something is all-American.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Automakers">Automakers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Automakers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Dunbar_Buick" title="David Dunbar Buick">David Dunbar Buick</a> was a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a>-born American, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit</a>-based inventor, best known for founding the Buick Motor Company.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Motorcycle_manufacturer">Motorcycle manufacturer</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Motorcycle manufacturer">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg/220px-Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg/330px-Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg/440px-Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="628" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Founders_of_Harley-Davidson_The_North_Shore_Bulletin_Dec_1920.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Founders of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a>, from left: William A. Davidson, Walter Davidson, Sr., <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Davidson_(motorcycling)" title="Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)">Arthur Davidson</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_S._Harley" title="William S. Harley">William S. Harley</a>.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a> – The Davidson brothers were of Scottish descent (William. A., Walter and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Davidson_(motorcycling)" title="Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)">Arthur Davidson</a>) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_S._Harley" title="William S. Harley">William S. Harley</a> of English descent. Along with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_Motorcycle_Manufacturing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company">Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company</a> was the largest and most recognizable American <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Origins_of_baseball" title="Origins of baseball">Origins of baseball</a></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> - The earliest recorded game of base-ball for which the original source survives, involved the family of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II of Great Britain</a>, played indoors in London in November 1748. The Prince is reported as playing "Bass-Ball" again in September 1749 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walton-on-Thames" title="Walton-on-Thames">Walton-on-Thames</a>, Surrey, against Lord Middlesex.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> The English lawyer William Bray wrote in his diary that he had played a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>, also in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> English lawyer William Bray recorded a game of baseball on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> 1755 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>; Bray's diary was verified as authentic in September 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> This early form of the game was apparently brought to North America by British immigrants. The first appearance of the term that exists in print was in "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Little_Pretty_Pocket-Book" title="A Little Pretty Pocket-Book">A Little Pretty Pocket-Book</a>" in 1744, where it is called Base-Ball. Today, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a> which has been played in England since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor</a> times holds a similarity to Baseball. Although, literary references to early forms of "base-ball" in the United Kingdom pre-date use of the term "rounders".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup>
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<h3><span id="Continental_Colours.2C_1775-1777"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Continental_Colours,_1775-1777">Continental Colours, 1775-1777</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Continental Colours, 1775-1777">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931777).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931777).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Union_Flag" title="Grand Union Flag">Grand Union Flag</a>" which served as the U.S. national flag from 1776 to 1777; the thirteen stripes represent the original <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thirteen_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen colonies">Thirteen colonies</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Union_Flag" title="Grand Union Flag">Grand Union Flag</a> is considered to be the first national <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States#First_flag" title="Flag of the United States">flag of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> The design consisted of 13 stripes, red and white, representing the original <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canton_(flag)" title="Canton (flag)">canton</a> on the upper left-hand corner bearing the British <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Flag#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a>, the red cross of St. George of England with the white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland. The flag was first flown on December 2, 1775 by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a> (then a Continental Navy lieutenant) on the ship <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Alfred" title="USS Alfred">Alfred</a></i> in Philadelphia).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Place_names">Place names</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Place names">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Alabama">Alabama</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Alabama">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Connecticut">Connecticut</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Connecticut">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex,_Connecticut" title="Essex, Connecticut">Essex, Connecticut</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex, England">Essex, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenwich,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich, England">Greenwich, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_Connecticut" title="Manchester, Connecticut">Manchester, Connecticut</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, England">Manchester, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London, Connecticut</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="London, England">London, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norfolk,_Connecticut" title="Norfolk, Connecticut">Norfolk, Connecticut</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norfolk,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk, England">Norfolk, England</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Delaware">Delaware</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Delaware">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a>, England</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent County, Delaware</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent, England">Kent, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a> named by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proprietary_colony" title="Proprietary colony">Proprietor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Penn" title="Thomas Penn">Thomas Penn</a> after his friend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Spencer Compton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Earl of Wilmington">Earl of Wilmington</a>, who was prime minister in the reign of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II of Great Britain</a>.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Maryland">Maryland</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Maryland">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aberdeen,_Maryland" title="Aberdeen, Maryland">Aberdeen, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aberdeen,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen, Scotland">Aberdeen, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester,_Maryland" title="Chester, Maryland">Chester, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester, England">Chester, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chestertown,_Maryland" title="Chestertown, Maryland">Chestertown, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester, England">Chester, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex,_Maryland" title="Essex, Maryland">Essex, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex, England">Essex, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glencoe,_Maryland" title="Glencoe, Maryland">Glencoe, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glencoe,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Glencoe, Scotland">Glencoe, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hereford,_Maryland" title="Hereford, Maryland">Hereford, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hereford,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereford, England">Hereford, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kensington,_Maryland" title="Kensington, Maryland">Kensington, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kensington" title="Kensington">Kensington, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_Maryland" title="Manchester, Maryland">Manchester, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, England">Manchester, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olney,_Maryland" title="Olney, Maryland">Olney, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olney,_Buckinghamshire" title="Olney, Buckinghamshire">Olney, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westminster,_Maryland" title="Westminster, Maryland">Westminster, Maryland</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westminster,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster, England">Westminster, England</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Massachusetts">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="Bedford, Massachusetts">Bedford, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bedford,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford, England">Bedford, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, England">Boston, England</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a> after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Falmouth, Massachusetts">Falmouth, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falmouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Falmouth, England">Falmouth, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>, England</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire County, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampshire,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampshire, England">Hampshire, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex County, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middlesex,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Middlesex, England">Middlesex, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth, England">Plymouth, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southampton,_Massachusetts" title="Southampton, Massachusetts">Southampton</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, England<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk County, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suffolk,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffolk, England">Suffolk, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swansea,_Massachusetts" title="Swansea, Massachusetts">Swansea, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Weymouth, Massachusetts">Weymouth, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weymouth,_Dorset" title="Weymouth, Dorset">Weymouth, Dorset</a>, England</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Worcester, England">Worcester, England</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Michigan">Michigan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Michigan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, England</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_Hampshire">New Hampshire</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: New Hampshire">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> state (after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derry,_New_Hampshire" title="Derry, New Hampshire">Derry, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derry,_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Derry, Northern Ireland">Derry, Northern Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Durham,_New_Hampshire" title="Durham, New Hampshire">Durham, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exeter,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Exeter, England">Exeter, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Londonderry,_New_Hampshire" title="Londonderry, New Hampshire">Londonderry, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Londonderry,_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Londonderry, Northern Ireland">Londonderry, Northern Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, England">Manchester, England</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_London,_New_Hampshire" title="New London, New Hampshire">New London, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="London, England">London, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Plymouth, New Hampshire">Plymouth, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth, England">Plymouth, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth, New Hampshire</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portsmouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth, England">Portsmouth, England</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_York_State">New York State</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: New York State">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (state) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="York, England">York, England</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Pennsylvania">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, England</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester County</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>, England</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle,_Pennsylvania" title="Carlisle, Pennsylvania">Carlisle, Pennsylvania</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, England">Carlisle, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darby,_Pennsylvania" title="Darby, Pennsylvania">Darby</a> derived from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a> (pronounced <i>"Darby"</i>), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a> (pronounced <i>"Darbyshire"</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Lancaster County</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a> after the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster,_Lancashire" title="Lancaster, Lancashire">Lancaster</a> in the county of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> in England, the native home of John Wright, one of the early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">settlers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Berks County</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading, Berkshire</a>, England</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warminster_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Warminster</a> after a small town in the county of Wiltshire, at the western extremity of Salisbury Plain, England.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York, Pennsylvania</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="York, England">York, England</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Virginia">Virginia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Virginia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crewe,_Virginia" title="Crewe, Virginia">Crewe, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crewe,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Crewe, England">Crewe, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dumfries,_Virginia" title="Dumfries, Virginia">Dumfries, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dumfries,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumfries, Scotland">Dumfries, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edinburg,_Virginia" title="Edinburg, Virginia">Edinburg, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edinburgh,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh, Scotland">Edinburgh, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falmouth,_Virginia" title="Falmouth, Virginia">Falmouth, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falmouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Falmouth, England">Falmouth, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight County, Virginia">Isle of Wight County, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isle_of_Wight,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Wight, England">Isle of Wight, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kilmarnock,_Virginia" title="Kilmarnock, Virginia">Kilmarnock, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kilmarnock,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilmarnock, Scotland">Kilmarnock, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glasgow,_Virginia" title="Glasgow, Virginia">Glasgow, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glasgow,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow, Scotland">Glasgow, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloucester,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloucester, Virginia">Gloucester, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloucester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloucester, England">Gloucester, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond County, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond, London</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Virginia" title="Lancaster County, Virginia">Lancaster County, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancashire,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire, England">Lancashire, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampton,_London" title="Hampton, London">Hampton, London, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midlothian,_Virginia" title="Midlothian, Virginia">Midlothian, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midlothian,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlothian, Scotland">Midlothian, Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent County, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_County,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent County, England">Kent County, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norfolk,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk, England">Norfolk, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northampton_County,_Virginia" title="Northampton County, Virginia">Northampton County, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northampton,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton, England">Northampton, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Northumberland County, Virginia">Northumberland County, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northumberland,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Northumberland, England">Northumberland, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portsmouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth, England">Portsmouth, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stafford,_Virginia" title="Stafford, Virginia">Stafford, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stafford,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Stafford, England">Stafford, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia" title="Suffolk, Virginia">Suffolk, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suffolk,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffolk, England">Suffolk, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia" title="Westmoreland County, Virginia">Westmoreland County, Virginia</a> after Westmoreland (now part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumbria,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbria, England">Cumbria, England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester, Virginia</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winchester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, England">Winchester, England</a></li></ul>
<p>In addition, some places were named after the kings and queens of the former kingdoms of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a>. The name Virginia was first applied by Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> (the "Virgin Queen") and Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584.,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carolinas" title="Carolinas">Carolinas</a> were named after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> named so for his wife, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Henrietta Maria">Queen Henrietta Maria</a> (Queen Mary).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australians" title="Anglo-Celtic Australians">Anglo-Celtic Australians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyphenated_American" title="Hyphenated American">Hyphenated American</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_diaspora" title="English diaspora">English diaspora</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_English_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English Americans">List of English Americans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Scots-Irish_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scots-Irish Americans">List of Scots-Irish Americans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Scottish_Americans" title="List of Scottish Americans">List of Scottish Americans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Americans" title="List of Welsh Americans">List of Welsh Americans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Americans in the United Kingdom">Americans in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-factfinder.census.gov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-factfinder.census.gov_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table">SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091818/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table">Archived</a> 2017-10-18 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/pc80-s1-10.pdf">Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980</a> (Supplementary Report PC80-S1-10)
Issued: April 1983</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=british+ancestry+american+community+survey&source=bl&ots=SgNvxJ1Rgk&sig=sOC3T4Rmo-4rujsyjtLKgAkPgv4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0oN-z7pjeAhVLAcAKHXhQBDk4ChDoATAAegQIABAB#v=onepage&q=british%20ancestry%20american%20community%20survey&f=false">Ethnic Landscapes of America</a> - By John A. Cross</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=12,395,999+census+american&source=bl&ots=SiNYQ3pxRe&sig=J-EXbgcZPGerEm-peSdXhkIrBCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8wMDv75jeAhXrD8AKHZsVCZ8Q6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=12%2C395%2C999%20census%20american&f=false">Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2</a> - By United States. Bureau of the Census</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominic J. Pulera. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57&dq=Sharing+the+dream:+white+males+in+multicultural+America++english+ancestry&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', <i>Demography</i>, Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', <i>Social Science Research</i>, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44-6.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', <i>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i>, Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82-86.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary C. Waters, <i>Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 36.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2010_surnames.html">Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census</a> - United States Census Bureau</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlotte Erickson, <i>Invisible immigrants: the adaptation of English and Scottish immigrants in nineteenth-century America</i> (1990)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lieberson, Stanley; Waters, Mary C. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SoOXrMVp5BsC&pg=PA37&dq=english+ancestry+united+states&cd=2#v=onepage&q=english+ancestry+united+states&f=false"><i>From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America</i></a>. Russell Sage Foundation. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871545435" title="Special:BookSources/9780871545435"><bdi>9780871545435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Many+Strands%3A+Ethnic+and+Racial+Groups+in+Contemporary+America&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780871545435&rft.aulast=Lieberson&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Waters%2C+Mary+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSoOXrMVp5BsC%26pg%3DPA37%26dq%3Denglish%2Bancestry%2Bunited%2Bstates%26cd%3D2%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Denglish%2Bancestry%2Bunited%2Bstates%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r935243608">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf">"Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group for the United States: 1980"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Persons+Who+Reported+at+Least+One+Specific+Ancestry+Group+for+the+United+States%3A+1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fcensusdata%2Fpc80-s1-10%2Ftab02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab04.pdf">"Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,00 or more persons: 1980"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rank+of+States+for+Selected+Ancestry+Groups+with+100%2C00+or+more+persons%3A+1980&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fcensusdata%2Ffiles%2Fpc80-s1-10%2Ftab04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf">"1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 18 September 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+Census+of+Population+Detailed+Ancestry+Groups+for+States&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=1992-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen1990%2Fcp-s%2Fcp-s-1-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212213043/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table">"Ancestry: 2000"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table">the original</a> on 12 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry%3A+2000&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DDEC_00_SF3_QTP13%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">the original</a> on 18 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+ancestry+categories+tallied+for+people+with+one+or+more+ancestry+categories+reported+2010+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_10_1YR_B04003%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Purvis, Thomas L. (2013-01-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false"><i>The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781285605876" title="Special:BookSources/9781285605876"><bdi>9781285605876</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enduring+Vision%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People%2C+Volume+I%3A+To+1877&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft.isbn=9781285605876&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DHbQWAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99%26dq%3Denduring%2Bvision%2Bethnic%2Bcomposition%2Bcolonial%2Bamerica%2B1755%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Denduring%2520vision%2520ethnic%2520composition%2520colonial%2520america%25201755%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Purvis, Thomas L. (2013-01-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=HbQWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=enduring+vision+ethnic+composition+colonial+america+1755#v=onepage&q=enduring%20vision%20ethnic%20composition%20colonial%20america%201755&f=false"><i>The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781285605876" title="Special:BookSources/9781285605876"><bdi>9781285605876</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enduring+Vision%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People%2C+Volume+I%3A+To+1877&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft.isbn=9781285605876&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DHbQWAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99%26dq%3Denduring%2Bvision%2Bethnic%2Bcomposition%2Bcolonial%2Bamerica%2B1755%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Denduring%2520vision%2520ethnic%2520composition%2520colonial%2520america%25201755%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-lieberson1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lieberson1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lieberson1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lieberson, Stanley; Waters, Mary C. (20 September 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SoOXrMVp5BsC&pg=PA38&dq=From+many+strands:+ethnic+and+racial+groups+in+contemporary+Am%C3%A9rica+ear;lier+ethnic+composition+1790#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America</i></a>. Russell Sage Foundation. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871545435" title="Special:BookSources/9780871545435"><bdi>9780871545435</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Many+Strands%3A+Ethnic+and+Racial+Groups+in+Contemporary+America&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=1988-09-20&rft.isbn=9780871545435&rft.aulast=Lieberson&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Waters%2C+Mary+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSoOXrMVp5BsC%26pg%3DPA38%26dq%3DFrom%2Bmany%2Bstrands%3A%2Bethnic%2Band%2Bracial%2Bgroups%2Bin%2Bcontemporary%2BAm%25C3%25A9rica%2Bear%3Blier%2Bethnic%2Bcomposition%2B1790%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csun.edu/~hfgeg005/eturner/images/Books/WTP/WTPch5_W_Eur.pdf">People of Western European origin</a> - CSun</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centuryofpopulat00unit">A century of population growth from the first census of the United States to the twelfth</a> - by United States. Bureau of the Census</span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/century-of-growth/1790-1900-century-of-growth-part-1.pdf">A Century of Population Growth</a> From the First to the Twelfth. First published 1909.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surnamesinunited00amer">Surnames in the United States Census of 1790:</a> An Analysis of National Origins of the Population - By American Council of Learned Societies. Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209">The European Ancestry of the United States Population, 1790: A Symposium</a> - Thomas L. Purvis (1984)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919209">The European Ancestry of the United States Population, 1790: A Symposium</a> - Thomas L. Purvis (1984)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.pdf">Historical U.S. population by race</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327163915/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-03-27 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McKee, Jesse O. (2000). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicityinconte00jess"><i>Ethnicity in Contemporary America</i></a></span>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicityinconte00jess/page/21">21</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742500341" title="Special:BookSources/9780742500341"><bdi>9780742500341</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2015</span>. <q>ethnic groups united states 1775.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+in+Contemporary+America&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780742500341&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=Jesse+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethnicityinconte00jess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf">"United States 1980 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=United+States+1980+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fcensusdata%2Fpc80-s1-10%2Ftab02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/pc80-s1-10/tab02.pdf">"United States 1980 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=United+States+1980+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fcensusdata%2Fpc80-s1-10%2Ftab02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf">"1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 18 September 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+Census+of+Population+Detailed+Ancestry+Groups+for+States&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=1992-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen1990%2Fcp-s%2Fcp-s-1-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/CPH-L-97.pdf">"United States 1990 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=United+States+1990+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2FCPH-L-97.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/CPH-L-97.pdf">"United States 1990 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=United+States+1990+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2FCPH-L-97.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ancestry2000-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ancestry2000_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/ancestry.pdf">"Ancestry: 2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Government. June 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry%3A+2000&rft.pub=United+States+Government&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhistory%2Fpdf%2Fancestry.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-The_Source:_Gen-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Source:_Gen_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Szucs, Loretto Dennis; Luebking, Sandra Hargreaves (2006). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore"><i>The Source</i></a></span>. Ancestry Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore/page/361">361</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593312770" title="Special:BookSources/9781593312770"><bdi>9781593312770</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>English US census 1790.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Source&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Ancestry+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781593312770&rft.aulast=Szucs&rft.aufirst=Loretto+Dennis&rft.au=Luebking%2C+Sandra+Hargreaves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsourceguidebooko00lore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Scottish.html">"Scottish Ancestry Search - Scottish Genealogy by City"</a>. <i>Epodunk.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Epodunk.com&rft.atitle=Scottish+Ancestry+Search+-+Scottish+Genealogy+by+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epodunk.com%2Fancestry%2FScottish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011163452/http://epodunk.com/ancestry/English.html">"Top 101 cities with the most residents of English ancestry (population 500+)"</a>. <i>Epodunk.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/English.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Epodunk.com&rft.atitle=Top+101+cities+with+the+most+residents+of+English+ancestry+%28population+500%2B%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epodunk.com%2Fancestry%2FEnglish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035325/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html">"Welsh Ancestry Search - Welsh Genealogy by City"</a>. <i>Epodunk.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Welsh.html">the original</a> on 13 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Epodunk.com&rft.atitle=Welsh+Ancestry+Search+-+Welsh+Genealogy+by+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epodunk.com%2Fancestry%2FWelsh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BritsAbroad-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritsAbroad_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/">"Brits Abroad"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2006-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brits+Abroad&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2Fbrits_abroad%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sriskandarajah, Dhananjayan; Drew, Catherine (December 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524215729/http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509">"Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509">the original</a> on 2008-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brits+Abroad%3A+Mapping+the+scale+and+nature+of+British+emigration&rft.pub=IPPR&rft.date=2006-12-11&rft.aulast=Sriskandarajah&rft.aufirst=Dhananjayan&rft.au=Drew%2C+Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ippr.org.uk%2Fpublicationsandreports%2Fpublication.asp%3Fid%3D509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BritDis47-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BritDis47_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BritDis47_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BritDis47_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmber_et_al2004">Ember et al 2004</a>, p. 47<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> Harv error: no target: CITEREFEmber_et_al2004 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Marsh254-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marsh254_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marsh254_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2001">Marshall 2001</a>, p. 254<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> Harv error: no target: CITEREFMarshall2001 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-BritDis48-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BritDis48_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BritDis48_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmber_et_al2004">Ember et al 2004</a>, p. 48<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> Harv error: no target: CITEREFEmber_et_al2004 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BritDis49-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritDis49_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmber_et_al2004">Ember et al 2004</a>, p. 49<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> Harv error: no target: CITEREFEmber_et_al2004 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-history_of_colonial-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_of_colonial_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_of_colonial_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHenretta2007" class="citation">Henretta, James A. (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091021222327/http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html">"History of Colonial America"</a>, <i>Encarta Online Encyclopedia</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encarta.msn.com/text_1741502191___0/History_of_Colonial_America.html">the original</a> on 2009-10-21</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Colonial+America&rft.btitle=Encarta+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Henretta&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Ftext_1741502191___0%2FHistory_of_Colonial_America.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-road-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-road_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409035942/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm">"Chapter 3: The Road to Independence"</a>, <i>Outline of U.S. History</i>, usinfo.state.gov, November 2005, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/road.htm">the original</a> on April 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outline+of+U.S.+History&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+The+Road+to+Independence&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusinfo.state.gov%2Fproducts%2Fpubs%2Fhistryotln%2Froad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.jrank.org/pages/11662/Colonial-Period.html">"The Colonial Period"</a>. <i>Law.jrank.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Law.jrank.org&rft.atitle=The+Colonial+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.jrank.org%2Fpages%2F11662%2FColonial-Period.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard D. Brown, "The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A collective view." <i>William and Mary Quarterly</i> (1976) 33#3: 465-480, especially pp 466, 478-79. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921543">online</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fz2UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=british+immigration+75,810,+267,044&source=bl&ots=zGtzFduNh1&sig=kKCDU1pUO5hIJetw10DyPrPlWPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj784ur_bjKAhXBcA8KHVFrBIkQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=british%20immigration%2075%2C810%2C%20267%2C044&f=false">Almost All Aliens: Immigration, Race, and Colonialism in American History ...</a> By Paul Spickard</span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rVE-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA89&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+247,125+644,680&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT_8CtvqLKAhVHwj4KHURBAiQQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20247%2C125%20644%2C680&f=false">Statistical Abstract of the United States</a> (Page: 89)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=51e8r7Yay0wC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=england+english+immigration+to+the+united+states+644,680&source=bl&ots=W9nyD6YyMo&sig=x_IaA7QNmk2E1WzrpI2PqmXwx9o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpkJ7OvKLKAhWFWBQKHRGTDFwQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=england%20english%20immigration%20to%20the%20united%20states%20644%2C680&f=false">Statistical Abstract of the United States</a> Immigration by country of origin 1851-1940 (Page: 107)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG1qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=Immigration+from+England+to+the+United+States+156,171&source=bl&ots=fmUG-Sxb0d&sig=w5eINcCgep6NYK6-15efS8vtmsI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDovq66qTKAhVFGA8KHYdbARsQ6AEINjAG#v=onepage&q=Immigration%20from%20England%20to%20the%20United%20States%20156%2C171&f=false">Statistical Abstract of the United States</a> (Page: 92)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wither-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wither_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames2006" class="citation">James, Wither (March 2006), "An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo-American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-first Century", <i>European Security</i>, <b>15</b> (1): 47–65, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09662830600776694">10.1080/09662830600776694</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0966-2839">0966-2839</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Security&rft.atitle=An+Endangered+Partnership%3A+The+Anglo-American+Defence+Relationship+in+the+Early+Twenty-first+Century&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-65&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09662830600776694&rft.issn=0966-2839&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Wither&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColley1992">Colley 1992</a>, p. 134<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> Harv error: no target: CITEREFColley1992 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GOYg58I7g30C&pg=PA835&dq=andrew+jackson+president+great-great-great+grandfather+english+ancestry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDh4uxwqDeAhUqLcAKHWMTA-0Q6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=albions%20seed%20presidents%20&f=false">Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America</a> - By David Hackett Fischer (P. 839)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James B. Minahan (2013-03-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OJilCCGFCTYC&pg=PR9"><i>Ethnic Groups of the Americas: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. p. 9. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610691642" title="Special:BookSources/9781610691642"><bdi>9781610691642</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+the+Americas%3A+An+Encyclopedia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.isbn=9781610691642&rft.au=James+B.+Minahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOJilCCGFCTYC%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer, <i>Albion's Seed</i>, pp. 13–206</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer, <i>Albion's Seed</i> pp. 207–418</span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer, <i>Albion's Seed</i>, pp. 419–604</span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer, <i>Albion's Seed</i>, pp. 605–782</span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer, pp. 74, 114, 134–39.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060421100954/http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm">"Harley: The Littleport Connection "Without Littleport, there'd be no Harley-Davidson<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. clutchandchrome.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clutchandchrome.com/Articles/Littleport.htm">the original</a> on April 21, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harley%3A+The+Littleport+Connection+%22Without+Littleport%2C+there%27d+be+no+Harley-Davidson%22&rft.pub=clutchandchrome.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclutchandchrome.com%2FArticles%2FLittleport.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sulat, Nate (2013-07-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23425907">"Why isn't baseball more popular in the UK?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+isn%27t+baseball+more+popular+in+the+UK%3F&rft.date=2013-07-26&rft.aulast=Sulat&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-23425907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016132738/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html">"Major League Baseball Told: Your Sport Is British, Not American"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. London. September 11, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html">the original</a> on October 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+Told%3A+Your+Sport+Is+British%2C+Not+American&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fothersports%2Fbaseball%2F2799671%2FMajor-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7609000/7609897.stm">"History of baseball exposed"</a>. BBC News. September 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+baseball+exposed&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Ftoday%2Fhi%2Ftoday%2Fnewsid_7609000%2F7609897.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7622026.stm">"BBC NEWS - UK - England - Baseball 'origin' uncovered"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>. 2008-09-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+NEWS+-+UK+-+England+-+Baseball+%27origin%27+uncovered&rft.date=2008-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2F7622026.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/southtoday/content/articles/2008/09/09/baseball_feature.shtml">"BBC - South Today - Features - Baseball history"</a>. <i>Bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+South+Today+-+Features+-+Baseball+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsouthtoday%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2008%2F09%2F09%2Fbaseball_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Telegraph staff and agencies (11 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/baseball/2799671/Major-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html">"Major League Baseball told: Your sport is British, not American"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+told%3A+Your+sport+is+British%2C+not+American&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft.au=Telegraph+staff+and+agencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fothersports%2Fbaseball%2F2799671%2FMajor-League-Baseball-told-Your-sport-is-British-not-American.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false">Popular Mechanics</a> - Oct 1926</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA590&dq=grand+union+american+flag+thirteen+colonies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2uPDZ4rTeAhXRT8AKHbvcDkQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false">Popular Mechanics</a> - Oct 1926</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iboston.org/mcp.php?pid=taleOfTwoBostons">"A Tale of Two Bostons - iBoston"</a>. <i>Iboston.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iboston.org&rft.atitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Bostons+-+iBoston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iboston.org%2Fmcp.php%3Fpid%3DtaleOfTwoBostons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cambridge, City of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory">"Brief History of Cambridge, Mass. - Cambridge Historical Commission - City of Cambridge, Massachusetts"</a>. <i>Cambridgema.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridgema.gov&rft.atitle=Brief+History+of+Cambridge%2C+Mass.+-+Cambridge+Historical+Commission+-+City+of+Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.aulast=Cambridge&rft.aufirst=City+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgema.gov%2Fhistoric%2Fcambridgehistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107232910/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141">"ePodunk"</a>. <i>Epodunk.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=3141">the original</a> on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Epodunk.com&rft.atitle=ePodunk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epodunk.com%2Fcgi-bin%2FgenInfo.php%3FlocIndex%3D3141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.n-state.com">http://www.n-state.com</a>, NSTATE, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm">"The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from NETSTATE.COM"</a>. <i>Netstate.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Netstate.com&rft.atitle=The+State+of+New+Hampshire+-+An+Introduction+to+the+Granite+State+from+NETSTATE.COM&rft.aulast=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.n-state.com&rft.aufirst=NSTATE%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fintro%2Fnh_intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boulter.com/nh/">"New Hampshire"</a>. <i>Boulter.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boulter.com&rft.atitle=New+Hampshire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulter.com%2Fnh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gannett, Henry (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States</i></a>. Govt. Print. Off. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n99">100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Certain+Place+Names+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1905&rft.au=Gannett%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp">Petition for the Establishment of Lancaster County</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060807113052/http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/lancasterpetition.asp">Archived</a> 2006-08-07 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, February 6, 1728/9</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warminstertownship.org/public-information/aboutwarminster/history">"WARMINSTER TOWNSHIP HISTORY"</a>. <i>Warminstertownship.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warminstertownship.org&rft.atitle=WARMINSTER+TOWNSHIP+HISTORY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warminstertownship.org%2Fpublic-information%2Faboutwarminster%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1584 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sir_Walter_Raleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Raleigh">Sir Walter Raleigh</a> sent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_Amadas" title="Philip Amadas">Philip Amadas</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Barlowe" title="Arthur Barlowe">Arthur Barlowe</a> to lead an exploration of what is now the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> coast, and they returned with word of a regional "king" named "Wingina." This was modified later that year by Raleigh and the Queen to "Virginia", perhaps in part noting her status as the "Virgin Queen." <cite class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_R._Stewart" title="George R. Stewart">Stewart, George</a> (1945). <i>Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States</i>. New York: Random House. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Names+on+the+Land%3A+A+Historical+Account+of+Place-Naming+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/md_intro.htm">"The State of Maryland"</a>. <i>netstate.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netstate.com&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Maryland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fintro%2Fmd_intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Scholarly_sources">Scholarly sources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Scholarly sources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_Handlin" title="Oscar Handlin">Oscar Handlin</a>, Ann Orlov and Stephan Thernstrom eds. <i>Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups</i> (1980) the standard reference source for all ethnic groups.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rowland_Tappan_Berthoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowland Tappan Berthoff">Rowland Tappan Berthoff</a>. <i>British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790-1950</i> (1953).</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">David Hackett Fischer</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albion%27s_Seed:_Four_British_Folkways_In_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways In America">Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways In America</a></i> (1989).</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=British_Americans&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/pc80-s1-10.html">1980 U.S. Census ancestry lists</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009091354/http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/downloadFile.cgi?file=1041-6-15955-AF_Census_Data.pdf&filename=AF_Census_Data.pdf">References</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212041824/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on">2000 Census Bureau ancestry figures</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:European_Americans" title="Template:European Americans"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:European_Americans" title="Template talk:European Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:European_Americans&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian</a><sup>1</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a><sup>1</sup>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_Texan" title="German Texan">German Texan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" title="Russian Mennonite">German Mennonites from Russia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hungarian_Ohioans" title="Hungarian Ohioans">Hungarian Ohioans</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kashubian_Americans" title="Kashubian Americans">Kashubian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a><sup>1</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slovene_Americans" title="Slovene Americans">Slovene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sorbian_Americans" title="Sorbian Americans">Sorbian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani</a><sup>4</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian</a><sup>4</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh</a><sup>4</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a><sup>1,</sup> <sup>2</sup>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cossack_Americans" title="Cossack Americans">Cossack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kalmyk_Americans" title="Kalmyk Americans">Kalmyk</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cossack_Americans" title="Cossack Americans">Cossack</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rusyn_Americans" title="Rusyn Americans">Rusyn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenlandic_Americans" title="Greenlandic Americans">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faroese_Americans" title="Faroese Americans">Faroese</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwegian_Dakotan" title="Norwegian Dakotan">Norwegian Dakotan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwegian_Minnesotan" title="Norwegian Minnesotan">Norwegian Minnesotan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sami_Americans" title="Sami Americans">Sami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Europe<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serbs_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbs in Alaska">Alaskan Serbs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish</a><sup>4</sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sicilian_Americans" title="Sicilian Americans">Sicilian</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monacan_Americans" title="Monacan Americans">Monacan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hispanos" title="Hispanos">Hispano</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a>
<ul><li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadian</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajun</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" title="French Canadian Americans">Canadian</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corsican_Americans" title="Corsican Americans">Corsican</a></small></li>
<li><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huguenots#North_America" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a></small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frisian_Americans" title="Frisian Americans">Frisian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luxembourg_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Americans">Luxembourgian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Europeans</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in the United States">Métis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Roma</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian Slovak Romanies</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a>
<ul><li>Cajun</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleños in Louisiana">Isleños</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" title="French Canadian Americans">French Canadian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadian</a></li>
<li>Cajun</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Americans_in_California" title="White Americans in California">California</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_and_European_people_in_Hawaii" title="White and European people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">White Southerners</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Americans_in_Maryland" title="White Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Poles came to the United States legally as Austrians, Germans, Prussians or Russians throughout the 19th century, because from 1772–1795 till 1918, all Polish lands <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">had been partitioned</a> between imperial Austria, Prussia (a protoplast of Germany) and Russia until Poland regained its sovereignty in the wake of World War I.
<p><sup>2</sup> Russia has most of its territory in Asia, but the vast majority of its population (80%) lives in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a>, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here.
</p><p><sup>3</sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">Yugoslav Americans</a> are the American people from the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.
</p><p><sup>4</sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.
</p>
<sup>5</sup> Disputed; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> have recognized origins and historic ties to Asia (specifically to Northern India), but they experienced at least some distinctive identity development while in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> among Europeans.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:British_diaspora" title="Template:British diaspora"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:British_diaspora" title="Template talk:British diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:British_diaspora&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Cornish_diasporaEnglish_diasporaScottish_diasporaWelsh_diaspora"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_diaspora" title="English diaspora">English diaspora</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Egypt" title="Britons in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">Kenya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Namibians" title="White Namibians">Namibia</a> <small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaners</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Nigerian" title="British Nigerian">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">South Africa</a> <small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaners</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_people_in_Zimbabwe" title="White people in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of the United Kingdom.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Burma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" title="Britons in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li>
<li>India
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian people">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish-Indian" title="Scottish-Indian">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Japan" title="Britons in Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burgher_people" title="Burgher people">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyprus-United_Kingdom_relations#Britons_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus-United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Egypt" title="Britons in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Israeli_people_of_British_descent" title="Category:Israeli people of British descent">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_migration_to_France" title="British migration to France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_migration_to_Germany" title="British migration to Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li>Ireland
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_migration_to_Portugal" title="British migration to Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_migration_to_Spain" title="British migration to Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li>Russia
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Russian" title="Anglo-Russian">Anglo-Russian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Russians" title="Scottish Russians">Scottish Russians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_Russians" title="Irish Russians">Irish Russians</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Canada
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornish_Canadians" title="Cornish Canadians">Cornish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Canadian">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manx_Canadians" title="Manx Canadians">Manx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Canadians" title="Scottish Canadians">Scottish</a> <small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scots-Quebecer" title="Scots-Quebecer">Quebec</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_Canadians" title="Welsh Canadians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Jamaica
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaicans_of_English_descent" title="Jamaicans of English descent">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Jamaican" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Jamaican">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_immigration_to_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="British immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a></li>
<li>Nicaragua
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_settlement_in_Nicaragua" title="English settlement in Nicaragua">English</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australians" title="Anglo-Celtic Australians">Australia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornish_Australians" title="Cornish Australians">Cornish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Australians" title="English Australians">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manx_Australians" title="Manx Australians">Manx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_Australians" title="Welsh Australians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scottish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_New_Zealanders" title="Welsh New Zealanders">Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Argentina
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Argentines" title="English Argentines">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Argentine" title="Scottish Argentine">Scottish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Brazil
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Brazilians" title="English Brazilians">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Brazilians" title="Scottish Brazilians">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Chilean" title="British Chilean">Chile</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Chileans" title="English Chileans">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Chilean" title="Scottish Chilean">Scottish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welsh_Chilean" title="Welsh Chilean">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Paraguay
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">English</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Peruvian">Peru</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Uruguayans" title="British Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1586268001 |