Examine individual changes

'{{Multiple issues| {{Original research|date=May 2019}} {{more citations needed|date=May 2019}} }} '''Mbaise''' is a region in [[Imo State]] in southeastern [[Nigeria]]. In the heart of [[Igboland]], the region includes several towns and cities. It is a group of indigenous clans, connected by intermarriage. With a population density of over 1,000 people per square kilometer, Mbaise is [[West Africa]]'s most densely-populated area; its 2006 population was 611,204. The name "Mbaise" was derived from five clans: [[Agbaja]], [[Ahiara]], [[Ekwereazu]], [[Ezi na Ihite]] and [[Oke Uvuru]]. The three [[local government areas of Nigeria|local government areas]] of Mbaise cover about {{convert|404|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}; [[Aboh Mbaise]] covers {{convert|185|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, [[Ahiazu Mbaise]] covers {{convert|111|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and [[Ezinihitte Mbaise]] covers {{convert|108|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="pioneers">{{cite web |title=Mbaise Pioneers |url=http://www.mbaisepioneerassociation.com/history.htm |accessdate=11 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511194013/http://www.mbaisepioneerassociation.com/history.htm |archivedate=11 May 2019}}</ref> =={{anchor|Brief History|Inventors}}History== Mbaise came under British rule in 1902 during the [[Anglo-Aro War]], when the British Aro Expeditionary Force subdued the [[Aro Confederacy]] in [[Owerri]] and Mbaise.<ref name="austria">{{cite web |title=Short History of Mbaise |url=http://www.mbaiseunitedaustria.com/short-history-of-mbaise/ |website=Mbaise United Austria |accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref> By 1906, at the conclusion of the operation, present-day Mbaise was united under British control with some local autonomy. To supervise the clans, a native court was established in [[Obohia]] in 1907 and transferred to [[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] in 1909.<ref name="pioneers" /> In 1929, the Nguru court was destroyed as a result of the Igbo [[Women's War]]. Regional courts were then opened in Obohia, [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]], [[Ife]] and [[Enyiogogu]] in response to the [[home rule]] movement of the 1930s. The region was united as a political and administrative unit in 1941. Councils were formed by 1945, loosely based on autonomous communities. It was from councils that The three local Governments were created from the councils. [[Ahiazu Mbaise]] was a merger of the Ahiara and Ekwerazu councils, and [[Aboh Mbaise]] was a merger of the Oke-Ovoro and Agbaja councils. [[Ezinihitte Mbaise]] remained by itself except for Isu Obiangwu and Umuohiagu,two small villages which joined the Ngor-Okpala from the [[Agbaja]] region.<ref name="pioneers" /> Until Europeans arrived in Nigeria, Mbaise's main source of income was [[subsistence agriculture]]. In Igboland, government was based on kinship and customs. The village group (a weekly gathering of men) was the highest level of organization, with the ''amala'' in power.{{sfn|Njoku|2003}} The ''aladinma'' currently exercises power. [[Chinua Achebe]] described pre-colonial life in his novel, ''[[Things Fall Apart]]''.<ref name="austria" /> When the British colonial administration was introduced in the Southern Protectorate of Nigeria, the government established a native court at Nkwogwu Nguru in 1905 and built a residence for the British there. Dr. Rogers Stewart, who took a wrong turn on his bicycle, was captured and killed in a case of mistaken identity.<ref name="resistance">{{cite web |title=Igbo Resistance to British Colonialism in Mbaise |url=http://www.mbaiseonline.com/igbo-history-mbaise/igbo-resistance-british-colonialism-mbaise/ |website=Mbaiseonline |accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref> The 1906 Ahiara Punitive Expedition, led by Captains Brian Douglas and Harold Hastings, began reprisals in the region. In 1927, the colonial government introduced taxation. Taxes were increased in 1929, and the [[Women's War]] began to protest social and economic oppression. The native court at Nkwogwu was destroyed and the governor's residence was sacked. Courts were established in [[Itu, Akwa Ibom|Itu]] (for Ezinihitte); Afor Enyiogugu (for Agbaja); Obohia (for Ekwerazu); Orie-Ahiara (for Ahiara); and Uvuru (for Oke-Uvuru).<ref name="austria" /> On June 12, 1941, Mbaise became a federation of five clans: the Agbaja (Nguru, Okwuato, Enyiogugu, Obiangwu, and Umuohiagu), Ekwerazu, Ahiara, Ezinihitte, and Oke-Uvuru. A treasury was opened in Enyiogugu in 1942, and was transferred to Aboh in 1948. Obiangwu and Umuohiagu, which had been parts of Agbaja, joined [[Ngor Okpala]] in 1957. Mbaise now had three local governments: Ahiazu, Aboh-Mbaise, and Ezinihitte. Between 1955 and 1958, the Mbaise County Council began two landmark development projects: Mbaise Secondary School and Mbaise Joint Hospital (now General Hospital), both in [[Aboh]].<ref name="austria" /> ==Culture and demographics== The people are predominantly Igbo. About 55 percent are [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], 35 percent are [[Protestantism in Nigeria|Protestants]] and other religions make up the remainder. Some cultural and traditional ceremonies have survived Western influence. The eight-day Ahianjoku festival honored the yam deity; since 1946, the annual August 15 new-yam festival has been a Christian version of the Ahianjoku festival. Oji Ezinihitte celebrates the Ezinihitte on January 1 each year. Itu Aka, before the farming season, encourages the people to weather the environment, modernity and new challenges. A local salad, ''ugba'', is served with [[Raffia palm#Raffia wine|raffia wine]].<ref name="austria" /> Mbaise women are noted for their fertility. To be an ''eghu ukwu'', a woman must bear at least 10 children; some women have given birth to as many as 15.{{sfn|Agulanna|2008}} Mbaise culture is rich in music and Igbo dance.{{sfn|Nwoga|1978}} Music is played on the wood xylophone, hand piano, long short and slit drums, pots, gongs, bamboo horn and [[Calabash (percussion)|calabash]]. There are dances for childbirth, marriage, funerals, communal labor, and other social occasions.{{sfn|Nwoga|1978}} The ''agbacha ekurunwa'' dance is performed for childbirth, and ''alija'' and ''ogbongelenge'' are performed for marriage. ''Eseike'', ''esse'', ''ekwerikwe mgba'' and ''nkwa Ike'' are performed at funerals of men, and ''uko'' and ''Ekereavu'' for funerals of women. D. I. Nwoga, who brought an ''abigbo'' group to the United States during the 1980s, wrote that the musicians and dancers philosophize, criticize, admonish and praise with their performances.{{sfn|Nwoga|1978}}<ref name="austria" /> =={{anchor|Notable Educational Institutions}}Educational institutions== [[File:Mbaise-Secondary-School.jpg|thumb|alt=Long driveway leading to a white building|Mbaise Secondary School entrance]] * Mbaise Secondary School (MSS), Aboh Mbaise * Ahiara Technical College (ATC), Mbaise * Mbaise Girls High School, Onicha Mbaise * Mater Ecclesiae Junior Seminary Nguru, Aboh Mbaise * Pater-noster Secondary School, Ekwerazu * Oke Ovoro Secondary School, Uvuru-Oke Ovoro * Nguru Secondary School, Aboh Mbaise * Amuzi Community Secondary School, Amuzi, Ahiazu * Oboama Secondary School Oboama Ezinihitte * African Institute of Science and Technology * Ogbor Girls Secondary School (formerly Regina Caeli) * Obizi High School (OHISCO), Obizi Mbaise * St. Augustine's Commercial School, Obizi Mbaise (founded 1958) * AIST Polytechnic, Mbaise * Hi-Technology University, Mbaise * Ekwerazu Girls Secondary School, Ekwerazu * Obohia Secondary Technical School, Obohia, Ahiazu Mbaise * Christ The Savior Secondary School (CSSS) * Comprehensive Secondary School, Okrika Nweke * Ahiazu Secondary School, Ahiazu Mbaise (ASSAM) * Enyiogugu Secondary School, Enyiogugu Mbaise * Mbutu Secondary School, Mbutu Mbaise * Community Secondary School, Lagwa (formerly Community Boys Secondary School, Lagwa) * Pope John Paul Model Secondary School, Ihitte * Ezeagbogu Secondary School *CHOKONEZE SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOL *COMMUNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL ITU *COMMUNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL OBIZI *EZIAGBOGU SECONDARY SCHOOL *EZIUDO SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOL *IHITTE EZINIHITTE SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOL *OBIZI HIGH SCHOOL *OKPOFE SECONDARY SCHOOL *ONICHA SECONDARY SCHOOL *UDO SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOL *UMUHU COMPREHENSIVE SECONDARY SCHOOL =={{anchor|Modern Mbaise}}Present day== Mbaise's present population is over one million, and subsistence farming is still the main occupation. Yams, cassava, palm fruits, vegetables and fruits are the primary agricultural products. The great Tycoon family also originate from this area, they are fluent and philanthropic largely diminishing poverty in the area and will continue. Since the end of the [[Nigerian Civil War]], however, the region's standard of living has improved. {{coord missing|Nigeria}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Sources and further reading== *Agulanna, E. C. (2008). ''The Mbaiseness of Mbaise'' (2nd ed.) Owerri: Career Publishers. *Njoku, C. A. C (2003). ''History and Culture of Mbaise from Earliest Times to AD 2001''. [[Owerri]]: Celaju Nig. Publishers. *Nwoga, D. I. (1978) "Culture and Religion in Contemporary Mbaise" in T. U. Nwala (ed.), ''Mbaise in Contemporary Nigeria''. New York: Gold and Maestro. *Njoku, G. (1978) "Mbais in Pre-colonial and Colonial Nigeria" in T. U. Nwala (ed.), ''Mbaise in Contemporary Nigeria''. New York: Gold & Maestro. *Achebe, Chinua. ''[[Things Fall Apart]]''. New York: Anchor Books, 1994. {{ISBN|0385474547}} {{Igbo topics}} [[Category:Imo State]] [[Category:Communities in Igboland]] [[Category:Regions of Africa]]'