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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{About|the national anthem|the flag anthem|Brazilian Flag Anthem}}
{{Infobox anthem
|title = Hino Nacional Brasileiro
|english_title = Brazilian National Anthem
|image = Hino Nacional Brasileiro (partitura).jpg{{!}}border
|image_size = 220px
|caption = Sheet music
|prefix = National
|country = {{Flag|Brazil|size=23px}}
|author = [[Osório Duque-Estrada]]
|lyrics_date = 1909
|composer = [[Francisco Manuel da Silva]]
|music_date = 1831
|adopted = 1831 during the [[Empire of Brazil]] and 1890 in the [[Brazil|Federative Republic of Brazil]], then named ''Republic of the United States of Brazil''. <br> 20 January 1890 (re-adopted) <br> 6 September 1922 (lyrics adopted)
|sound = Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg
|sound_title = "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (instrumental)
}}
{{listen|filename=Hino Nacional Brasileiro Coral BDMG.ogg|title=Vocal|description=Recording by the Coral BDMG and Orquestra Sinfônica da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais|format=[[Ogg]]}}
[[File:Hino Nacional Brasileiro instrumental.ogg|thumb|U.S.-performed rendition]]
The "'''[[Brazil]]ian [[National anthem|National Anthem]]'''" ({{lang-pt|Hino Nacional Brasileiro}}; was composed by [[Francisco Manuel da Silva]] in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by President [[Epitácio Pessoa]] gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by [[Osório Duque-Estrada|Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada]], after several changes were made to his proposal, written in 1909.
The anthem's lyrics have been described as [[Parnassianism|Parnassian]] in style and [[Romanticism|Romantic]] in content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soportugues.com.br/secoes/curiosidades/hino.php|title=Você entende o Hino Nacional Brasileiro?|work=Só Português|language=Portuguese|quote=You understand the Brazilian National Anthem? The National Anthem, symbol of exaltation of country, is a very complex song. Besides having unusual words, its lyrics are rich in metaphors. The text follows the Parnassian style, which explains the presence of flowery language and syntactic inversions, which hinder the understanding of the message. Thus, the prioritization of the beauty of form in the composition of the hymn compromised clarity. You, who already know how to sing the national anthem, do you know it because of its melody and tune, or do you know it for the meaning of its message? Most people, despite their mastery of the lyrics, are ignorant of their meaning. The following is the national anthem. Note the words highlighted and their definitions in parentheses. You'll likely be surprised by the things that you have always proclaimed, without, in fact, being aware of it.}}</ref>
==History==
The melody of the Brazilian national anthem was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva, and was presented to the public for the first time in April 1831.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002</ref> On 7 April 1831, the first Brazilian Emperor, [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]], abdicated the Crown and days later left for Europe, leaving behind the then-five-year-old Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]].
From the proclamation of the independence of Brazil in 1822 until the 1831 abdication, an anthem that had been composed by Pedro I himself, celebrating the country's independence (and that now continues to be an official patriotic song, the ''[[Hino da Independência|Independence Anthem]]''), was used as the national anthem. In the immediate aftermath of the abdication of Pedro I, the anthem composed by him fell in popularity.
Francisco Manuel da Silva then seized this opportunity to present his composition, and the anthem written by him was played in public for the first time on April 13, 1831.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002</ref> On that same day, the ship carrying the former Emperor left the port of Rio de Janeiro. The date of April 13 now appears in official calendars as the ''Day of the Brazilian National Anthem''.
As to the actual date of composition of the music presented in April 1831, there is controversy among historians. Some hold that Francisco Manuel da Silva composed the music in the last four months of 1822 to commemorate Brazil's independence (declared on 7 September 1822), others hold that the hymn was written in early 1823 and others consider the evidence of composition dating back to 1822 or 1823 unreliable, and hold that the Anthem presented on 13 April 1831 was written in 1831, and not before.<ref>http://www.miniweb.com.br/cidadania/hinos/historia/hist_hino_nacional.html</ref> In any event, the Anthem remained in obscurity until it was played in public on 13 April 1831. In style, the music resembles early [[Romantic period in music|Romantic]] [[Italy|Italian]] music such as that of [[Gioachino Rossini]].
Initially, the music composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva was given lyrics by Appeals Judge Ovídio Saraiva de Carvalho e Silva not as a national anthem, but as a hymn commemorating the abdication of Pedro I and the accession of Pedro II to the Throne. It was known during this early period as "April 7 Hymn".<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</ref> The lyrics by Ovídio Saraiva soon fell out of use, given that they were considered poor, and even offensive towards the Portuguese. The music, however, continued enjoying sustained popularity, and by 1837 it was played, without lyrics, in all public ceremonies.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</ref>
Although no statute was passed during the imperial period to declare Francisco Manuel da Silva's musical composition as the national anthem, no formal enactment was considered necessary for the adoption of a national anthem. A national anthem was seen as resulting from praxis or tradition. Thus, by 1837, when it was played in all official solemnities, Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition was already the Brazilian National Anthem.
A new set of lyrics was proposed in 1841, to commemorate the coming of age and Coronation of Emperor Pedro II; those lyrics, popular but also considered poor, were soon abandoned too, this time by order of Emperor Pedro II, who specified that in public ceremonies the anthem should be played with no lyrics. Emperor Pedro II directed that Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition, as the national anthem of the [[Empire of Brazil]], should be played, without lyrics, on all occasions when the monarch presented himself in public, and in solemnities of military or civilian nature; the composition was also played abroad in diplomatic events relating to Brazil or when the Brazilian Emperor was present.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</ref>
During the [[Empire of Brazil]] era, the U.S. composer and pianist [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]], then residing in [[Rio de Janeiro]], composed two nationalistic works of classical music based on the Brazilian National Anthem that achieved great popularity during the imperial period: the ''Brazilian Solemn March'' ("Marcha Solene Brasileira", in the modern Portuguese spelling or "Marcha Solemne Brazileira", in the original spelling in force at the time of composition<ref>Because the spelling of Brazil with a "z" became obsolete in the Old Republic due to changes in the orthography of the Portuguese language, and the country's name has since then been spelled with an "s" in Portuguese - Brasil - sometimes the title of that composition is rendered as "Marcha Solemne Brasileira", the adjective "Solemne" retaining the 19th century spelling, while the adjective "Brasileira" is rendered in the modern spelling to avoid writing the country's name with a "z".</ref>) and the ''Great Triumphal Fantasy on the Brazilian National Anthem'' ("Grande Fantasia Triunfal sobre o Hino Nacional Brasileiro"). The former was dedicated to Emperor Pedro II, and the latter was dedicated to his heiress presumptive, [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil|the Princess Imperial Isabel, comtesse d'Eu]]. Those works are in the vein of similar compositions written at the time in other Nations, such as [[Charles Gounod]]'s ''Fantasy on the Russian National Anthem''. The ''Grand Triumphal Fantasy'', long forgotten, resurfaced in popularity in 1985, at the dawn of Brazil's ''New Republic'', during the country's re-democratization process, when it was played to accompany the funeral cortège of President Tancredo Neves.
After the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, the new rulers made a competition in order to choose a new anthem, and the competition was won by a music composed by [[Leopoldo Miguez]], with lyrics by [[Medeiros e Albuquerque]]. After protests against the adoption of the proposed new anthem, however, the Head of the Provisional Government, [[Deodoro da Fonseca]], formalized Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition as the national anthem, while the composition by Miguez and Medeiros e Albuquerque was declared the [[Brazilian Republic Anthem|Anthem of the Proclamation of the Republic]]. Deodoro himself was said to prefer the old anthem to the new composition.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/07/02/a-brief-history-of-the-brazilian-national-anthem-and-why-it-is-the-tune-of-the-world-cup/ A Brief History of the Brazilian National Anthem, And Why it is the Tune of the World Cup</ref> The Decree of the Provisional Government (Decree 171 of 1890) confirming Francisco Manuel da Silva's music, that had served as the National Anthem of the Empire of Brazil, as the National Anthem of the new Republic, was issued on 20 January 1890.
In the early days of the new Federal Republic, the National Anthem continued without official lyrics, but several lyrics were proposed, and some were even adopted by different states of Brazil. The lack of uniform, official lyrics would only be terminated in 1922, during the celebrations of the first centennial of the Proclamation of Independence, when an adapted version of Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada's lyrics, first proposed in 1909, were deemed official.
The official lyrics of the Brazilian National Anthem were proclaimed by decree of President Epitácio Pessoa (Decree 15.761 of 1922), issued on 6 September 1922, at the height of the celebrations of the Independence Centennial. This presidential decree was issued in accordance with authorization contained in a legislative decree adopted by Congress on 21 August 1922. Furthermore, as allowed by the said legislative decree, and before the President of the Republic issued his decree proclaiming the official adoption of Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada's lyrics as the official lyrics of the National anthem, the Federal Government finalized the purchase of the lyrics written by Duque Estrada, signing with the composer the contract that transferred all the rights of authorship over the said lyrics to the Federal Union, and paying the agreed price of 5:000$ (five ''contos'' of réis).
On 7 September 1922, on the exact day of the Independence Centennial, radio broadcasts began in Brazil, and the first broadcast was the performance of the National Anthem with the new lyrics, followed by the speech by President Epitácio Pessoa, the first radio address by a Brazilian President.
The national anthem is considered by the current Constitution of Brazil, adopted in 1988, to be one of the four national symbols of the country, along with the Flag, the Coat of Arms and the National Seal. The legal norms currently in force concerning the national anthem are contained in a statute passed in 1971 (Law 5.700 of 1 September 1971), regulating the national symbols. This law regulates in great detail the form of the national anthem and how and when it is to be played.
The music of the national anthem was originally intended to be played by symphonic orchestras; for the playing of the anthem by bands, the march composed by Antão Fernandes is included in the instrumentation. This adaptation, long in use, was made official by the 1971 statute regulating national symbols. This same statute also confirmed as official the traditional vocal adaptation of the lyrics of the national anthem, in F major, composed by Alberto Nepomuceno.
Due to the fact that the traditional vocal adaptation composed by Alberto Nepomuceno for Joaquim Osorio Duque Estrada's lyrics of the national anthem was made official in 1971, other vocal arrangements (as well as other instrumental arrangements departing from the one recognized in law) are unofficial. Because of that, for the remainder of the Military Regime era (that lasted until 1985), the playing of the anthem with any artistic arrangement that departed from the official orchestration and vocal adaptation was prohibited, and there was strict vigilance regarding the use of the National Symbols and the enforcement of this norm. Since the redemocratization of the country, far greater artistic liberty has been allowed regarding renderings of the national anthem. Singer [[Fafá de Belém]]'s interpretation of the national anthem (initially criticized during the final days of the Military Regime, but now widely accepted), is an example of that. In any event, although the use of different artistic arrangements for the anthem is now permitted (and although the statutory norms that prohibited such arrangements are no longer enforced, on the grounds of constitutional freedom of expression), a rendering of the national anthem is only considered fully official when the statutory norms regarding the vocal adaptation and orchestration are followed. However, the traditional vocal adaptation composed by Alberto Nepomuceno was so well established by the time it became official that the interpretations of the national anthem that depart from the official orchestration or from the official vocal adaptation are few. Indeed, although other arrangements are now allowed, the traditional form tends to prevail, so that, with few exceptions, even celebrity singers tend to only lend their voices to the singing of the official vocal adaptation by Alberto Nepomuceno.
The anthem is sung in Brazil's official national language, the Portuguese language.
==Lyrics==
The song consists of two consecutive [[stanzas]]. The adoption in 1922 of lyrics containing two stanzas thus created the present situation of the music of the anthem being played twice so as to allow for the singing of both stanzas.
Brazilian law stipulates that the music needs to be played only once in instrumental renditions of the anthem without vocal accompaniment (thus, in instrumental renditions without vocal accompaniment, the playing of the music twice is optional), but both stanzas must be sung in vocal performances.
The second stanza is often dropped when played at sporting events, as most renditions of the Brazilian National Anthem for sporting events are instrumental and not vocal.
In the lyrics, the opening line's mention of the Ipiranga river refers to the stream near (and now part of) the city of São Paulo where Prince Dom Pedro, the future Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil, declared Brazilian independence from Portugal.<ref>http://nationalanthems.me/brazil-hino-nacional-brasileiro/</ref>
{|class="toccolours" cellpadding="10" rules="cols"
!Portuguese lyrics!!English translation
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |First stanza
|-
|
Ouviram do Ipiranga as margens plácidas<br>
De um povo heróico o brado retumbante,<br>
E o sol da liberdade, em raios fúlgidos,<br>
Brilhou no céu da pátria nesse instante.<br>
<br>
Se o penhor dessa igualdade<br>
Conseguimos conquistar com braço forte,<br>
Em teu seio, ó liberdade,<br>
Desafia o nosso peito a própria morte!<br>
<br>
Ó Pátria amada,<br>
Idolatrada,<br>
Salve! Salve!<br>
<br>
Brasil, um sonho intenso, um raio vívido<br>
De amor e de esperança à terra desce,<br>
Se em teu formoso céu, risonho e límpido,<br>
A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece.<br>
<br>
Gigante pela própria natureza,<br>
És belo, és forte, impávido colosso,<br>
E o teu futuro espelha essa grandeza.<br>
<br>
Terra adorada,<br>
Entre outras mil,<br>
És tu, Brasil,<br>
Ó Pátria amada!<br>
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil,<br>
Pátria amada,<br>
Brasil!<br>
|
They heard, on placid shores of the [[Ipiranga Brook|Ipiranga]] river, <br>
the resounding shout of a heroic folk<br>
And the sun of Liberty in shining beams<br>
shone in the homeland's sky at that instant<br>
<br>
If the pledge of this equality<br>
we managed to conquer with strong arm<br>
In thy bosom, O Freedom,<br>
our chest defies death itself!<br>
<br>
O beloved,<br>
[[Brazil|idolized homeland]],<br>
Hail, hail!<br>
<br>
[[Brazil]], an intense dream, a vivid ray<br>
of love and hope descends to earth<br>
If in thy beautiful, smiling and limpid sky<br>
the image of the [[Crux|(Southern) Cross]] blazes.<br>
<br>
Giant by thine own nature<br>
Thou art beautiful, strong, a fearless colossus<br>
And thy future mirrors that greatness<br>
Adored Land<br>
Amongst thousand others<br>
art thou, Brazil, <br>
O beloved homeland<br>
Of the sons of this ground<br>
Thou art kind mother<br>
Beloved homeland, Brazil
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |Second stanza
|-
|
Deitado eternamente em berço esplêndido,<br>
Ao som do mar e à luz do céu profundo,<br>
Fulguras, ó Brasil, florão da América,<br>
Iluminado ao sol do Novo Mundo!<br>
<br>
Do que a terra, mais garrida,<br>
Teus risonhos, lindos campos têm mais flores;<br>
"Nossos bosques têm mais vida",<br>
"Nossa vida" no teu seio "mais amores." '''(*)'''<br>
<br>
Ó Pátria amada,<br>
Idolatrada,<br>
Salve! Salve!<br>
<br>
Brasil, de amor eterno seja símbolo<br>
O lábaro que ostentas estrelado,<br>
E diga o verde-louro dessa flâmula<br>
– "Paz no futuro e glória no passado."<br>
<br>
Mas, se ergues da justiça a clava forte,<br>
Verás que um filho teu não foge à luta,<br>
Nem teme, quem te adora, a própria morte.<br>
<br>
Terra adorada,<br>
Entre outras mil,<br>
És tu, Brasil,<br>
Ó Pátria amada!<br>
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil,<br>
Pátria amada,<br>
Brasil!<br>
|
Eternally lying on splendid cradle<br>
to the sound of [[Atlantic Ocean|sea]] and under deep sky light<br>
Thou flashest, Brazil, [[crocket]] of America,<br>
illuminated by the sun of [[New World]]<br>
<br>
Than the more garish land,<br>
thy smiling, [[Pampas|pretty prairies]] have more flowers<br>
"Our groves have more life"<br>
"Our life" in thy bosom "more loves" '''(*)'''<br>
<br>
O beloved,<br>
idolized homeland,<br>
hail, hail!<br>
<br>
Brazil, of eternal love be a symbol<br>
[[Flag of Brazil|the starred labarum which thou displayst]]<br>
[[Flag of Brazil|And say the laurel-green of this pennant]]<br>
"Peace in the future and glory in the past"<br>
<br>
But if thou raisest the strong mace of justice,<br>
see that a son of thine flees not from [[List of wars involving Brazil|battle]],<br>
nor do those who love thee fear their own death<br>
Adored Land<br>
Amongst thousand others<br>
art thou, Brazil, <br>
O beloved homeland<br>
Of the sons of this ground<br>
thou art kind mother<br>
Beloved homeland, Brazil
|}
'''(*)''' The passages in quotation marks were extracted from [[Gonçalves Dias]]' poem "[[Canção do exílio]]".
==Glossary==
This is the meaning of the terms used in the lyrics of the hymn:
* '''''Placid shores''''' – "Plácida" means peaceful, calm.
* '''''Ipiranga''''' – is the stream along which D. Pedro I proclaimed the independence.
* '''''Resounding shout''''' – "Brado" means a shout or cry, and "retumbante" which causes strong echo, which blares.
* '''''Pledge''''' – Used metaphorically (figuratively). "penhor dessa igualdade" is the guarantee, the security that there will be freedom.
* '''''Image of the Cross shines''''' – The "Cruzeiro" is the constellation of the Southern Cross ([[Crux]]) that shines about southern hemisphere
* '''''Fearless colossus''''' – "Colosso" is the name of a statue of enormous dimensions. "Impávido" being "fearless" is to be relaxed, calm.
* '''''Kind mother''''' – The "mãe gentil" is the homeland. A country that loves and defends the "sons" (Brazilians) as any mother.
* '''''Flashes''''' – "Fulgurar" is the verb "flare" that means "to shine, to be illuminated".
* '''''Crocket''''' – "Florão" is an ornament in the shape of a flower used in the vaults of magnificent buildings. Brazil would be the most important and showy crocket of America.
* '''''Garish''''' – "Garrida" means "showy" and calls attention to the beauty.
* '''''Labarum''''' – Alias flag. "Labarum" was an old standard used by the Romans.
* '''''Strong mace''''' – "Clava" is a big stick, used in hand-to-hand, a cudgel or a club. In verse, means mobilizing an army, go to war.
==See also==
{{Portal|Brazil|Music}}
* "[[Brazilian Flag Anthem]]" ({{lang-pt|Hino à Bandeira}})
* "[[Hino da Independência|Brazilian Anthem of Independence]]" ({{lang-pt|Hino da Independência}})
* "[[Brazilian Republic Anthem]]" ({{lang-pt|Hino da Proclamação da República}})
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{commons|Hino Nacional do Brasil}}
*[https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/conheca-a-presidencia/acervo/simbolos-nacionais/hinos/hinos Hinos] at the Brazilian Government
*{{Cantorion|pieces/1600/Brazilian_National_Anthem_(Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro)|the Brazilian National Anthem}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV_ZwQ19MoY 50,000 sing the anthem at FIFA World Cup 2014, partly a capella]
{{Brazil symbols}}
{{National Anthems of South America}}
[[Category:South American anthems|Brazil]]
[[Category:National symbols of Brazil]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language songs]]
[[Category:Brazilian anthems|National anthem]]
[[Category:National anthems]]
[[Category:National anthem compositions in B-flat major]]
[[Category:National anthem compositions in F major]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{About|the national anthem|the flag anthem|Brazilian Flag Anthem}}
{{Infobox anthem
|title = VIVA A MONARQUIA
|english_title = Brazilian National Anthem
|image = Hino golpista bolsominion Brasileiro (partitura).jpg{{!}}border
|image_size = 220px
|caption = Shit music
|prefix = merda
|country = {{Flag|Brazil|size=23px}}
|author = [[Osório Duque-Estrada]]
|lyrics_date = MEU CU
|composer = [[Francisco Manuel da Silva]]
|music_date = 1831
|adopted = 1831 during the [[Empire of Brazil]] and 1890 in the [[Brazil|Federative Republic of Brazil]], then named ''Republic of the United States of Brazil''. <br> 20 January 1890 (re-adopted) <br> 6 September 1922 (lyrics adopted)
|sound = Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg
|sound_title = "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (instrumental)
}}
{{listen|filename=Hino Nacional Brasileiro Coral BDMG.ogg|title=Vocal|description=Recording by the Coral BDMG and Orquestra Sinfônica da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais|format=[[Ogg]]}}
[[File:Hino Nacional Brasileiro instrumental.ogg|thumb|U.S.-performed rendition]]
The "'''[[Brazil]]ian [[National anthem|National Anthem]]'''" ({{lang-pt|Hino Nacional Brasileiro}}; was composed by [[Francisco Manuel da Silva]] in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by President [[Epitácio Pessoa]] gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by [[Osório Duque-Estrada|Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada]], after several changes were made to his proposal, written in 1909.
The anthem's lyrics have been described as [[Parnassianism|Parnassian]] in style and [[Romanticism|Romantic]] in content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soportugues.com.br/secoes/curiosidades/hino.php|title=Você entende o Hino Nacional Brasileiro?|work=Só Português|language=Portuguese|quote=You understand the Brazilian National Anthem? The National Anthem, symbol of exaltation of country, is a very complex song. Besides having unusual words, its lyrics are rich in metaphors. The text follows the Parnassian style, which explains the presence of flowery language and syntactic inversions, which hinder the understanding of the message. Thus, the prioritization of the beauty of form in the composition of the hymn compromised clarity. You, who already know how to sing the national anthem, do you know it because of its melody and tune, or do you know it for the meaning of its message? Most people, despite their mastery of the lyrics, are ignorant of their meaning. The following is the national anthem. Note the words highlighted and their definitions in parentheses. You'll likely be surprised by the things that you have always proclaimed, without, in fact, being aware of it.}}</ref>
==History==
The melody of the Brazilian national anthem was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva, and was presented to the public for the first time in April 1831.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002</ref> On 7 April 1831, the first Brazilian Emperor, [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]], abdicated the Crown and days later left for Europe, leaving behind the then-five-year-old Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]].
From the proclamation of the independence of Brazil in 1822 until the 1831 abdication, an anthem that had been composed by Pedro I himself, celebrating the country's independence (and that now continues to be an official patriotic song, the ''[[Hino da Independência|Independence Anthem]]''), was used as the national anthem. In the immediate aftermath of the abdication of Pedro I, the anthem composed by him fell in popularity.
Francisco Manuel da Silva then seized this opportunity to present his composition, and the anthem written by him was played in public for the first time on April 13, 1831.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002</ref> On that same day, the ship carrying the former Emperor left the port of Rio de Janeiro. The date of April 13 now appears in official calendars as the ''Day of the Brazilian National Anthem''.
As to the actual date of composition of the music presented in April 1831, there is controversy among historians. Some hold that Francisco Manuel da Silva composed the music in the last four months of 1822 to commemorate Brazil's independence (declared on 7 September 1822), others hold that the hymn was written in early 1823 and others consider the evidence of composition dating back to 1822 or 1823 unreliable, and hold that the Anthem presented on 13 April 1831 was written in 1831, and not before.<ref>http://www.miniweb.com.br/cidadania/hinos/historia/hist_hino_nacional.html</ref> In any event, the Anthem remained in obscurity until it was played in public on 13 April 1831. In style, the music resembles early [[Romantic period in music|Romantic]] [[Italy|Italian]] music such as that of [[Gioachino Rossini]].
Initially, the music composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva was given lyrics by Appeals Judge Ovídio Saraiva de Carvalho e Silva not as a national anthem, but as a hymn commemorating the abdication of Pedro I and the accession of Pedro II to the Throne. It was known during this early period as "April 7 Hymn".<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</ref> The lyrics by Ovídio Saraiva soon fell out of use, given that they were considered poor, and even offensive towards the Portuguese. The music, however, continued enjoying sustained popularity, and by 1837 it was played, without lyrics, in all public ceremonies.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</ref>
Although no statute was passed during the imperial period to declare Francisco Manuel da Silva's musical composition as the national anthem, no formal enactment was considered necessary for the adoption of a national anthem. A national anthem was seen as resulting from praxis or tradition. Thus, by 1837, when it was played in all official solemnities, Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition was already the Brazilian National Anthem.
A new set of lyrics was proposed in 1841, to commemorate the coming of age and Coronation of Emperor Pedro II; those lyrics, popular but also considered poor, were soon abandoned too, this time by order of Emperor Pedro II, who specified that in public ceremonies the anthem should be played with no lyrics. Emperor Pedro II directed that Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition, as the national anthem of the [[Empire of Brazil]], should be played, without lyrics, on all occasions when the monarch presented himself in public, and in solemnities of military or civilian nature; the composition was also played abroad in diplomatic events relating to Brazil or when the Brazilian Emperor was present.<ref>http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</ref>
During the [[Empire of Brazil]] era, the U.S. composer and pianist [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]], then residing in [[Rio de Janeiro]], composed two nationalistic works of classical music based on the Brazilian National Anthem that achieved great popularity during the imperial period: the ''Brazilian Solemn March'' ("Marcha Solene Brasileira", in the modern Portuguese spelling or "Marcha Solemne Brazileira", in the original spelling in force at the time of composition<ref>Because the spelling of Brazil with a "z" became obsolete in the Old Republic due to changes in the orthography of the Portuguese language, and the country's name has since then been spelled with an "s" in Portuguese - Brasil - sometimes the title of that composition is rendered as "Marcha Solemne Brasileira", the adjective "Solemne" retaining the 19th century spelling, while the adjective "Brasileira" is rendered in the modern spelling to avoid writing the country's name with a "z".</ref>) and the ''Great Triumphal Fantasy on the Brazilian National Anthem'' ("Grande Fantasia Triunfal sobre o Hino Nacional Brasileiro"). The former was dedicated to Emperor Pedro II, and the latter was dedicated to his heiress presumptive, [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil|the Princess Imperial Isabel, comtesse d'Eu]]. Those works are in the vein of similar compositions written at the time in other Nations, such as [[Charles Gounod]]'s ''Fantasy on the Russian National Anthem''. The ''Grand Triumphal Fantasy'', long forgotten, resurfaced in popularity in 1985, at the dawn of Brazil's ''New Republic'', during the country's re-democratization process, when it was played to accompany the funeral cortège of President Tancredo Neves.
After the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, the new rulers made a competition in order to choose a new anthem, and the competition was won by a music composed by [[Leopoldo Miguez]], with lyrics by [[Medeiros e Albuquerque]]. After protests against the adoption of the proposed new anthem, however, the Head of the Provisional Government, [[Deodoro da Fonseca]], formalized Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition as the national anthem, while the composition by Miguez and Medeiros e Albuquerque was declared the [[Brazilian Republic Anthem|Anthem of the Proclamation of the Republic]]. Deodoro himself was said to prefer the old anthem to the new composition.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/07/02/a-brief-history-of-the-brazilian-national-anthem-and-why-it-is-the-tune-of-the-world-cup/ A Brief History of the Brazilian National Anthem, And Why it is the Tune of the World Cup</ref> The Decree of the Provisional Government (Decree 171 of 1890) confirming Francisco Manuel da Silva's music, that had served as the National Anthem of the Empire of Brazil, as the National Anthem of the new Republic, was issued on 20 January 1890.
In the early days of the new Federal Republic, the National Anthem continued without official lyrics, but several lyrics were proposed, and some were even adopted by different states of Brazil. The lack of uniform, official lyrics would only be terminated in 1922, during the celebrations of the first centennial of the Proclamation of Independence, when an adapted version of Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada's lyrics, first proposed in 1909, were deemed official.
The official lyrics of the Brazilian National Anthem were proclaimed by decree of President Epitácio Pessoa (Decree 15.761 of 1922), issued on 6 September 1922, at the height of the celebrations of the Independence Centennial. This presidential decree was issued in accordance with authorization contained in a legislative decree adopted by Congress on 21 August 1922. Furthermore, as allowed by the said legislative decree, and before the President of the Republic issued his decree proclaiming the official adoption of Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada's lyrics as the official lyrics of the National anthem, the Federal Government finalized the purchase of the lyrics written by Duque Estrada, signing with the composer the contract that transferred all the rights of authorship over the said lyrics to the Federal Union, and paying the agreed price of 5:000$ (five ''contos'' of réis).
On 7 September 1922, on the exact day of the Independence Centennial, radio broadcasts began in Brazil, and the first broadcast was the performance of the National Anthem with the new lyrics, followed by the speech by President Epitácio Pessoa, the first radio address by a Brazilian President.
The national anthem is considered by the current Constitution of Brazil, adopted in 1988, to be one of the four national symbols of the country, along with the Flag, the Coat of Arms and the National Seal. The legal norms currently in force concerning the national anthem are contained in a statute passed in 1971 (Law 5.700 of 1 September 1971), regulating the national symbols. This law regulates in great detail the form of the national anthem and how and when it is to be played.
The music of the national anthem was originally intended to be played by symphonic orchestras; for the playing of the anthem by bands, the march composed by Antão Fernandes is included in the instrumentation. This adaptation, long in use, was made official by the 1971 statute regulating national symbols. This same statute also confirmed as official the traditional vocal adaptation of the lyrics of the national anthem, in F major, composed by Alberto Nepomuceno.
Due to the fact that the traditional vocal adaptation composed by Alberto Nepomuceno for Joaquim Osorio Duque Estrada's lyrics of the national anthem was made official in 1971, other vocal arrangements (as well as other instrumental arrangements departing from the one recognized in law) are unofficial. Because of that, for the remainder of the Military Regime era (that lasted until 1985), the playing of the anthem with any artistic arrangement that departed from the official orchestration and vocal adaptation was prohibited, and there was strict vigilance regarding the use of the National Symbols and the enforcement of this norm. Since the redemocratization of the country, far greater artistic liberty has been allowed regarding renderings of the national anthem. Singer [[Fafá de Belém]]'s interpretation of the national anthem (initially criticized during the final days of the Military Regime, but now widely accepted), is an example of that. In any event, although the use of different artistic arrangements for the anthem is now permitted (and although the statutory norms that prohibited such arrangements are no longer enforced, on the grounds of constitutional freedom of expression), a rendering of the national anthem is only considered fully official when the statutory norms regarding the vocal adaptation and orchestration are followed. However, the traditional vocal adaptation composed by Alberto Nepomuceno was so well established by the time it became official that the interpretations of the national anthem that depart from the official orchestration or from the official vocal adaptation are few. Indeed, although other arrangements are now allowed, the traditional form tends to prevail, so that, with few exceptions, even celebrity singers tend to only lend their voices to the singing of the official vocal adaptation by Alberto Nepomuceno.
The anthem is sung in Brazil's official national language, the Portuguese language.
==Lyrics==
The song consists of two consecutive [[stanzas]]. The adoption in 1922 of lyrics containing two stanzas thus created the present situation of the music of the anthem being played twice so as to allow for the singing of both stanzas.
Brazilian law stipulates that the music needs to be played only once in instrumental renditions of the anthem without vocal accompaniment (thus, in instrumental renditions without vocal accompaniment, the playing of the music twice is optional), but both stanzas must be sung in vocal performances.
The second stanza is often dropped when played at sporting events, as most renditions of the Brazilian National Anthem for sporting events are instrumental and not vocal.
In the lyrics, the opening line's mention of the Ipiranga river refers to the stream near (and now part of) the city of São Paulo where Prince Dom Pedro, the future Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil, declared Brazilian independence from Portugal.<ref>http://nationalanthems.me/brazil-hino-nacional-brasileiro/</ref>
{|class="toccolours" cellpadding="10" rules="cols"
!Portuguese lyrics!!English translation
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |First stanza
|-
|
Ouviram do Ipiranga as margens plácidas<br>
De um povo heróico o brado retumbante,<br>
E o sol da liberdade, em raios fúlgidos,<br>
Brilhou no céu da pátria nesse instante.<br>
<br>
Se o penhor dessa igualdade<br>
Conseguimos conquistar com braço forte,<br>
Em teu seio, ó liberdade,<br>
Desafia o nosso peito a própria morte!<br>
<br>
Ó Pátria amada,<br>
Idolatrada,<br>
Salve! Salve!<br>
<br>
Brasil, um sonho intenso, um raio vívido<br>
De amor e de esperança à terra desce,<br>
Se em teu formoso céu, risonho e límpido,<br>
A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece.<br>
<br>
Gigante pela própria natureza,<br>
És belo, és forte, impávido colosso,<br>
E o teu futuro espelha essa grandeza.<br>
<br>
Terra adorada,<br>
Entre outras mil,<br>
És tu, Brasil,<br>
Ó Pátria amada!<br>
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil,<br>
Pátria amada,<br>
Brasil!<br>
|
They heard, on placid shores of the [[Ipiranga Brook|Ipiranga]] river, <br>
the resounding shout of a heroic folk<br>
And the sun of Liberty in shining beams<br>
shone in the homeland's sky at that instant<br>
<br>
If the pledge of this equality<br>
we managed to conquer with strong arm<br>
In thy bosom, O Freedom,<br>
our chest defies death itself!<br>
<br>
O beloved,<br>
[[Brazil|idolized homeland]],<br>
Hail, hail!<br>
<br>
[[Brazil]], an intense dream, a vivid ray<br>
of love and hope descends to earth<br>
If in thy beautiful, smiling and limpid sky<br>
the image of the [[Crux|(Southern) Cross]] blazes.<br>
<br>
Giant by thine own nature<br>
Thou art beautiful, strong, a fearless colossus<br>
And thy future mirrors that greatness<br>
Adored Land<br>
Amongst thousand others<br>
art thou, Brazil, <br>
O beloved homeland<br>
Of the sons of this ground<br>
Thou art kind mother<br>
Beloved homeland, Brazil
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |Second stanza
|-
|
Deitado eternamente em berço esplêndido,<br>
Ao som do mar e à luz do céu profundo,<br>
Fulguras, ó Brasil, florão da América,<br>
Iluminado ao sol do Novo Mundo!<br>
<br>
Do que a terra, mais garrida,<br>
Teus risonhos, lindos campos têm mais flores;<br>
"Nossos bosques têm mais vida",<br>
"Nossa vida" no teu seio "mais amores." '''(*)'''<br>
<br>
Ó Pátria amada,<br>
Idolatrada,<br>
Salve! Salve!<br>
<br>
Brasil, de amor eterno seja símbolo<br>
O lábaro que ostentas estrelado,<br>
E diga o verde-louro dessa flâmula<br>
– "Paz no futuro e glória no passado."<br>
<br>
Mas, se ergues da justiça a clava forte,<br>
Verás que um filho teu não foge à luta,<br>
Nem teme, quem te adora, a própria morte.<br>
<br>
Terra adorada,<br>
Entre outras mil,<br>
És tu, Brasil,<br>
Ó Pátria amada!<br>
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil,<br>
Pátria amada,<br>
Brasil!<br>
|
Eternally lying on splendid cradle<br>
to the sound of [[Atlantic Ocean|sea]] and under deep sky light<br>
Thou flashest, Brazil, [[crocket]] of America,<br>
illuminated by the sun of [[New World]]<br>
<br>
Than the more garish land,<br>
thy smiling, [[Pampas|pretty prairies]] have more flowers<br>
"Our groves have more life"<br>
"Our life" in thy bosom "more loves" '''(*)'''<br>
<br>
O beloved,<br>
idolized homeland,<br>
hail, hail!<br>
<br>
Brazil, of eternal love be a symbol<br>
[[Flag of Brazil|the starred labarum which thou displayst]]<br>
[[Flag of Brazil|And say the laurel-green of this pennant]]<br>
"Peace in the future and glory in the past"<br>
<br>
But if thou raisest the strong mace of justice,<br>
see that a son of thine flees not from [[List of wars involving Brazil|battle]],<br>
nor do those who love thee fear their own death<br>
Adored Land<br>
Amongst thousand others<br>
art thou, Brazil, <br>
O beloved homeland<br>
Of the sons of this ground<br>
thou art kind mother<br>
Beloved homeland, Brazil
|}
'''(*)''' The passages in quotation marks were extracted from [[Gonçalves Dias]]' poem "[[Canção do exílio]]".
==Glossary==
This is the meaning of the terms used in the lyrics of the hymn:
* '''''Placid shores''''' – "Plácida" means peaceful, calm.
* '''''Ipiranga''''' – is the stream along which D. Pedro I proclaimed the independence.
* '''''Resounding shout''''' – "Brado" means a shout or cry, and "retumbante" which causes strong echo, which blares.
* '''''Pledge''''' – Used metaphorically (figuratively). "penhor dessa igualdade" is the guarantee, the security that there will be freedom.
* '''''Image of the Cross shines''''' – The "Cruzeiro" is the constellation of the Southern Cross ([[Crux]]) that shines about southern hemisphere
* '''''Fearless colossus''''' – "Colosso" is the name of a statue of enormous dimensions. "Impávido" being "fearless" is to be relaxed, calm.
* '''''Kind mother''''' – The "mãe gentil" is the homeland. A country that loves and defends the "sons" (Brazilians) as any mother.
* '''''Flashes''''' – "Fulgurar" is the verb "flare" that means "to shine, to be illuminated".
* '''''Crocket''''' – "Florão" is an ornament in the shape of a flower used in the vaults of magnificent buildings. Brazil would be the most important and showy crocket of America.
* '''''Garish''''' – "Garrida" means "showy" and calls attention to the beauty.
* '''''Labarum''''' – Alias flag. "Labarum" was an old standard used by the Romans.
* '''''Strong mace''''' – "Clava" is a big stick, used in hand-to-hand, a cudgel or a club. In verse, means mobilizing an army, go to war.
==See also==
{{Portal|Brazil|Music}}
* "[[Brazilian Flag Anthem]]" ({{lang-pt|Hino à Bandeira}})
* "[[Hino da Independência|Brazilian Anthem of Independence]]" ({{lang-pt|Hino da Independência}})
* "[[Brazilian Republic Anthem]]" ({{lang-pt|Hino da Proclamação da República}})
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{commons|Hino Nacional do Brasil}}
*[https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/conheca-a-presidencia/acervo/simbolos-nacionais/hinos/hinos Hinos] at the Brazilian Government
*{{Cantorion|pieces/1600/Brazilian_National_Anthem_(Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro)|the Brazilian National Anthem}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV_ZwQ19MoY 50,000 sing the anthem at FIFA World Cup 2014, partly a capella]
{{Brazil symbols}}
{{National Anthems of South America}}
[[Category:South American anthems|Brazil]]
[[Category:National symbols of Brazil]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language songs]]
[[Category:Brazilian anthems|National anthem]]
[[Category:National anthems]]
[[Category:National anthem compositions in B-flat major]]
[[Category:National anthem compositions in F major]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
{{About|the national anthem|the flag anthem|Brazilian Flag Anthem}}
{{Infobox anthem
-|title = Hino Nacional Brasileiro
+|title = VIVA A MONARQUIA
|english_title = Brazilian National Anthem
-|image = Hino Nacional Brasileiro (partitura).jpg{{!}}border
+|image = Hino golpista bolsominion Brasileiro (partitura).jpg{{!}}border
|image_size = 220px
-|caption = Sheet music
-|prefix = National
+|caption = Shit music
+|prefix = merda
|country = {{Flag|Brazil|size=23px}}
|author = [[Osório Duque-Estrada]]
-|lyrics_date = 1909
+|lyrics_date = MEU CU
|composer = [[Francisco Manuel da Silva]]
|music_date = 1831
' |
New page size (new_size) | 21900 |
Old page size (old_size) | 21898 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 2 |
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2 => '|caption = Shit music',
3 => '|prefix = merda',
4 => '|lyrics_date = MEU CU'
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.soportugues.com.br/secoes/curiosidades/hino.php',
1 => 'http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002',
2 => 'http://www.miniweb.com.br/cidadania/hinos/historia/hist_hino_nacional.html',
3 => 'http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html',
4 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/07/02/a-brief-history-of-the-brazilian-national-anthem-and-why-it-is-the-tune-of-the-world-cup/',
5 => 'http://nationalanthems.me/brazil-hino-nacional-brasileiro/',
6 => 'https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/conheca-a-presidencia/acervo/simbolos-nacionais/hinos/hinos',
7 => 'http://cantorion.org/pieces/1600/Brazilian_National_Anthem_(Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro)',
8 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV_ZwQ19MoY'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => 'http://cantorion.org/pieces/1600/Brazilian_National_Anthem_(Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro)',
1 => 'http://nationalanthems.me/brazil-hino-nacional-brasileiro/',
2 => 'http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002',
3 => 'http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html',
4 => 'http://www.miniweb.com.br/cidadania/hinos/historia/hist_hino_nacional.html',
5 => 'http://www.soportugues.com.br/secoes/curiosidades/hino.php',
6 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/07/02/a-brief-history-of-the-brazilian-national-anthem-and-why-it-is-the-tune-of-the-world-cup/',
7 => 'https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/conheca-a-presidencia/acervo/simbolos-nacionais/hinos/hinos',
8 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV_ZwQ19MoY'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the national anthem. For the flag anthem, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazilian_Flag_Anthem" title="Brazilian Flag Anthem">Brazilian Flag Anthem</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886212519">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption.infobox-anthem-caption{white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption class="infobox-anthem-caption">VIVA A MONARQUIA</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">English: Brazilian National Anthem</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Hino_golpista_bolsominion_Brasileiro_(partitura).jpg" class="new" title="File:Hino golpista bolsominion Brasileiro (partitura).jpg">220px</a><div>Shit music</div></td></tr><tr style="font-weight:bold;"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><hr />merda anthem of <span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Lyrics</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Os%C3%B3rio_Duque-Estrada" title="Osório Duque-Estrada">Osório Duque-Estrada</a>, MEU CU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Music</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francisco_Manuel_da_Silva" title="Francisco Manuel da Silva">Francisco Manuel da Silva</a>, 1831</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Adopted</th><td>1831 during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> and 1890 in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Federative Republic of Brazil</a>, then named <i>Republic of the United States of Brazil</i>. <br /> 20 January 1890 (re-adopted) <br /> 6 September 1922 (lyrics adopted)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background: #E6E8FA">Audio sample</th></tr><tr class="haudio"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding-top:1em"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="201.23623582766" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg/Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="194320" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (376 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="376330" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="en" label="English (en) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="es" label="español (es) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg&lang=gl&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="gl" label="galego (gl) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés (mwl) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil (pt-br) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="pt" label="português (pt) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></div><div class="description">"Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (instrumental)</div><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="font-size: smaller"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg" title="File:Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg">file</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">help</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Infobox_anthem" title="Template:Infobox anthem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_anthem" title="Template talk:Infobox anthem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_anthem&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small noprint" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000;">
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<td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></div></div></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="line-height:1.1em"><div class="haudio">
<div style="padding:4px 0"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_Coral_BDMG.ogg" title="File:Hino Nacional Brasileiro Coral BDMG.ogg">Vocal</a></div>
<div><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="222.91156462585" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_Coral_BDMG.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_Coral_BDMG.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (92 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="91638" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_Coral_BDMG.ogg/Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_Coral_BDMG.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="193192" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_Brasileiro_Coral_BDMG.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil (pt-br) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div>
<div class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Recording by the Coral BDMG and Orquestra Sinfônica da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="mbox-text" style="line-height:1.1em"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></td></tr>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="112.79673469388" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (136 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="136180" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg/Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="197864" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="en" label="English (en) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 (ko) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=srt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil (pt-br) subtitles" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro_instrumental.ogg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>U.S.-performed rendition</div></div></div>
<p>The "<b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">National Anthem</a></b>" (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Hino Nacional Brasileiro</i>; was composed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francisco_Manuel_da_Silva" title="Francisco Manuel da Silva">Francisco Manuel da Silva</a> in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa" title="Epitácio Pessoa">Epitácio Pessoa</a> gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Os%C3%B3rio_Duque-Estrada" title="Osório Duque-Estrada">Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada</a>, after several changes were made to his proposal, written in 1909.
</p><p>The anthem's lyrics have been described as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parnassianism" title="Parnassianism">Parnassian</a> in style and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> in content.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Lyrics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Lyrics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Glossary"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Glossary</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_National_Anthem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The melody of the Brazilian national anthem was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva, and was presented to the public for the first time in April 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> On 7 April 1831, the first Brazilian Emperor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a>, abdicated the Crown and days later left for Europe, leaving behind the then-five-year-old Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a>.
</p><p>From the proclamation of the independence of Brazil in 1822 until the 1831 abdication, an anthem that had been composed by Pedro I himself, celebrating the country's independence (and that now continues to be an official patriotic song, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hino_da_Independ%C3%AAncia" title="Hino da Independência">Independence Anthem</a></i>), was used as the national anthem. In the immediate aftermath of the abdication of Pedro I, the anthem composed by him fell in popularity.
</p><p>Francisco Manuel da Silva then seized this opportunity to present his composition, and the anthem written by him was played in public for the first time on April 13, 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> On that same day, the ship carrying the former Emperor left the port of Rio de Janeiro. The date of April 13 now appears in official calendars as the <i>Day of the Brazilian National Anthem</i>.
</p><p>As to the actual date of composition of the music presented in April 1831, there is controversy among historians. Some hold that Francisco Manuel da Silva composed the music in the last four months of 1822 to commemorate Brazil's independence (declared on 7 September 1822), others hold that the hymn was written in early 1823 and others consider the evidence of composition dating back to 1822 or 1823 unreliable, and hold that the Anthem presented on 13 April 1831 was written in 1831, and not before.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> In any event, the Anthem remained in obscurity until it was played in public on 13 April 1831. In style, the music resembles early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romantic_period_in_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic period in music">Romantic</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> music such as that of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a>.
</p><p>Initially, the music composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva was given lyrics by Appeals Judge Ovídio Saraiva de Carvalho e Silva not as a national anthem, but as a hymn commemorating the abdication of Pedro I and the accession of Pedro II to the Throne. It was known during this early period as "April 7 Hymn".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The lyrics by Ovídio Saraiva soon fell out of use, given that they were considered poor, and even offensive towards the Portuguese. The music, however, continued enjoying sustained popularity, and by 1837 it was played, without lyrics, in all public ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although no statute was passed during the imperial period to declare Francisco Manuel da Silva's musical composition as the national anthem, no formal enactment was considered necessary for the adoption of a national anthem. A national anthem was seen as resulting from praxis or tradition. Thus, by 1837, when it was played in all official solemnities, Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition was already the Brazilian National Anthem.
</p><p>A new set of lyrics was proposed in 1841, to commemorate the coming of age and Coronation of Emperor Pedro II; those lyrics, popular but also considered poor, were soon abandoned too, this time by order of Emperor Pedro II, who specified that in public ceremonies the anthem should be played with no lyrics. Emperor Pedro II directed that Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition, as the national anthem of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>, should be played, without lyrics, on all occasions when the monarch presented himself in public, and in solemnities of military or civilian nature; the composition was also played abroad in diplomatic events relating to Brazil or when the Brazilian Emperor was present.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> era, the U.S. composer and pianist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Moreau_Gottschalk" title="Louis Moreau Gottschalk">Louis Moreau Gottschalk</a>, then residing in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, composed two nationalistic works of classical music based on the Brazilian National Anthem that achieved great popularity during the imperial period: the <i>Brazilian Solemn March</i> ("Marcha Solene Brasileira", in the modern Portuguese spelling or "Marcha Solemne Brazileira", in the original spelling in force at the time of composition<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>) and the <i>Great Triumphal Fantasy on the Brazilian National Anthem</i> ("Grande Fantasia Triunfal sobre o Hino Nacional Brasileiro"). The former was dedicated to Emperor Pedro II, and the latter was dedicated to his heiress presumptive, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil">the Princess Imperial Isabel, comtesse d'Eu</a>. Those works are in the vein of similar compositions written at the time in other Nations, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Charles Gounod</a>'s <i>Fantasy on the Russian National Anthem</i>. The <i>Grand Triumphal Fantasy</i>, long forgotten, resurfaced in popularity in 1985, at the dawn of Brazil's <i>New Republic</i>, during the country's re-democratization process, when it was played to accompany the funeral cortège of President Tancredo Neves.
</p><p>After the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, the new rulers made a competition in order to choose a new anthem, and the competition was won by a music composed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leopoldo_Miguez" title="Leopoldo Miguez">Leopoldo Miguez</a>, with lyrics by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medeiros_e_Albuquerque" title="Medeiros e Albuquerque">Medeiros e Albuquerque</a>. After protests against the adoption of the proposed new anthem, however, the Head of the Provisional Government, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deodoro_da_Fonseca" title="Deodoro da Fonseca">Deodoro da Fonseca</a>, formalized Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition as the national anthem, while the composition by Miguez and Medeiros e Albuquerque was declared the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazilian_Republic_Anthem" title="Brazilian Republic Anthem">Anthem of the Proclamation of the Republic</a>. Deodoro himself was said to prefer the old anthem to the new composition.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> The Decree of the Provisional Government (Decree 171 of 1890) confirming Francisco Manuel da Silva's music, that had served as the National Anthem of the Empire of Brazil, as the National Anthem of the new Republic, was issued on 20 January 1890.
</p><p>In the early days of the new Federal Republic, the National Anthem continued without official lyrics, but several lyrics were proposed, and some were even adopted by different states of Brazil. The lack of uniform, official lyrics would only be terminated in 1922, during the celebrations of the first centennial of the Proclamation of Independence, when an adapted version of Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada's lyrics, first proposed in 1909, were deemed official.
</p><p>The official lyrics of the Brazilian National Anthem were proclaimed by decree of President Epitácio Pessoa (Decree 15.761 of 1922), issued on 6 September 1922, at the height of the celebrations of the Independence Centennial. This presidential decree was issued in accordance with authorization contained in a legislative decree adopted by Congress on 21 August 1922. Furthermore, as allowed by the said legislative decree, and before the President of the Republic issued his decree proclaiming the official adoption of Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada's lyrics as the official lyrics of the National anthem, the Federal Government finalized the purchase of the lyrics written by Duque Estrada, signing with the composer the contract that transferred all the rights of authorship over the said lyrics to the Federal Union, and paying the agreed price of 5:000$ (five <i>contos</i> of réis).
</p><p>On 7 September 1922, on the exact day of the Independence Centennial, radio broadcasts began in Brazil, and the first broadcast was the performance of the National Anthem with the new lyrics, followed by the speech by President Epitácio Pessoa, the first radio address by a Brazilian President.
</p><p>The national anthem is considered by the current Constitution of Brazil, adopted in 1988, to be one of the four national symbols of the country, along with the Flag, the Coat of Arms and the National Seal. The legal norms currently in force concerning the national anthem are contained in a statute passed in 1971 (Law 5.700 of 1 September 1971), regulating the national symbols. This law regulates in great detail the form of the national anthem and how and when it is to be played.
</p><p>The music of the national anthem was originally intended to be played by symphonic orchestras; for the playing of the anthem by bands, the march composed by Antão Fernandes is included in the instrumentation. This adaptation, long in use, was made official by the 1971 statute regulating national symbols. This same statute also confirmed as official the traditional vocal adaptation of the lyrics of the national anthem, in F major, composed by Alberto Nepomuceno.
</p><p>Due to the fact that the traditional vocal adaptation composed by Alberto Nepomuceno for Joaquim Osorio Duque Estrada's lyrics of the national anthem was made official in 1971, other vocal arrangements (as well as other instrumental arrangements departing from the one recognized in law) are unofficial. Because of that, for the remainder of the Military Regime era (that lasted until 1985), the playing of the anthem with any artistic arrangement that departed from the official orchestration and vocal adaptation was prohibited, and there was strict vigilance regarding the use of the National Symbols and the enforcement of this norm. Since the redemocratization of the country, far greater artistic liberty has been allowed regarding renderings of the national anthem. Singer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faf%C3%A1_de_Bel%C3%A9m" title="Fafá de Belém">Fafá de Belém</a>'s interpretation of the national anthem (initially criticized during the final days of the Military Regime, but now widely accepted), is an example of that. In any event, although the use of different artistic arrangements for the anthem is now permitted (and although the statutory norms that prohibited such arrangements are no longer enforced, on the grounds of constitutional freedom of expression), a rendering of the national anthem is only considered fully official when the statutory norms regarding the vocal adaptation and orchestration are followed. However, the traditional vocal adaptation composed by Alberto Nepomuceno was so well established by the time it became official that the interpretations of the national anthem that depart from the official orchestration or from the official vocal adaptation are few. Indeed, although other arrangements are now allowed, the traditional form tends to prevail, so that, with few exceptions, even celebrity singers tend to only lend their voices to the singing of the official vocal adaptation by Alberto Nepomuceno.
</p><p>The anthem is sung in Brazil's official national language, the Portuguese language.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Lyrics">Lyrics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_National_Anthem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lyrics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The song consists of two consecutive <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanzas" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanzas">stanzas</a>. The adoption in 1922 of lyrics containing two stanzas thus created the present situation of the music of the anthem being played twice so as to allow for the singing of both stanzas.
</p><p>Brazilian law stipulates that the music needs to be played only once in instrumental renditions of the anthem without vocal accompaniment (thus, in instrumental renditions without vocal accompaniment, the playing of the music twice is optional), but both stanzas must be sung in vocal performances.
</p><p>The second stanza is often dropped when played at sporting events, as most renditions of the Brazilian National Anthem for sporting events are instrumental and not vocal.
</p><p>In the lyrics, the opening line's mention of the Ipiranga river refers to the stream near (and now part of) the city of São Paulo where Prince Dom Pedro, the future Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil, declared Brazilian independence from Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="toccolours" cellpadding="10" rules="cols">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Portuguese lyrics</th>
<th>English translation
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" bgcolor="coral">First stanza
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Ouviram do Ipiranga as margens plácidas<br />
De um povo heróico o brado retumbante,<br />
E o sol da liberdade, em raios fúlgidos,<br />
Brilhou no céu da pátria nesse instante.<br />
<br />
Se o penhor dessa igualdade<br />
Conseguimos conquistar com braço forte,<br />
Em teu seio, ó liberdade,<br />
Desafia o nosso peito a própria morte!<br />
<br />
Ó Pátria amada,<br />
Idolatrada,<br />
Salve! Salve!<br />
<br />
Brasil, um sonho intenso, um raio vívido<br />
De amor e de esperança à terra desce,<br />
Se em teu formoso céu, risonho e límpido,<br />
A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece.<br />
<br />
Gigante pela própria natureza,<br />
És belo, és forte, impávido colosso,<br />
E o teu futuro espelha essa grandeza.<br />
<br />
Terra adorada,<br />
Entre outras mil,<br />
És tu, Brasil,<br />
Ó Pátria amada!<br />
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil,<br />
Pátria amada,<br />
Brasil!<br />
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>They heard, on placid shores of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ipiranga_Brook" title="Ipiranga Brook">Ipiranga</a> river, <br />
the resounding shout of a heroic folk<br />
And the sun of Liberty in shining beams<br />
shone in the homeland's sky at that instant<br />
<br />
If the pledge of this equality<br />
we managed to conquer with strong arm<br />
In thy bosom, O Freedom,<br />
our chest defies death itself!<br />
<br />
O beloved,<br />
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">idolized homeland</a>,<br />
Hail, hail!<br />
<br />
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, an intense dream, a vivid ray<br />
of love and hope descends to earth<br />
If in thy beautiful, smiling and limpid sky<br />
the image of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crux" title="Crux">(Southern) Cross</a> blazes.<br />
<br />
Giant by thine own nature<br />
Thou art beautiful, strong, a fearless colossus<br />
And thy future mirrors that greatness<br />
Adored Land<br />
</p><p>Amongst thousand others<br />
art thou, Brazil, <br />
O beloved homeland<br />
Of the sons of this ground<br />
Thou art kind mother<br />
Beloved homeland, Brazil
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" bgcolor="coral">Second stanza
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Deitado eternamente em berço esplêndido,<br />
Ao som do mar e à luz do céu profundo,<br />
Fulguras, ó Brasil, florão da América,<br />
Iluminado ao sol do Novo Mundo!<br />
<br />
Do que a terra, mais garrida,<br />
Teus risonhos, lindos campos têm mais flores;<br />
"Nossos bosques têm mais vida",<br />
"Nossa vida" no teu seio "mais amores." <b>(*)</b><br />
<br />
Ó Pátria amada,<br />
Idolatrada,<br />
Salve! Salve!<br />
<br />
Brasil, de amor eterno seja símbolo<br />
O lábaro que ostentas estrelado,<br />
E diga o verde-louro dessa flâmula<br />
– "Paz no futuro e glória no passado."<br />
<br />
Mas, se ergues da justiça a clava forte,<br />
Verás que um filho teu não foge à luta,<br />
Nem teme, quem te adora, a própria morte.<br />
<br />
Terra adorada,<br />
Entre outras mil,<br />
És tu, Brasil,<br />
Ó Pátria amada!<br />
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil,<br />
Pátria amada,<br />
Brasil!<br />
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Eternally lying on splendid cradle<br />
to the sound of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">sea</a> and under deep sky light<br />
Thou flashest, Brazil, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crocket" title="Crocket">crocket</a> of America,<br />
illuminated by the sun of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a><br />
<br />
Than the more garish land,<br />
thy smiling, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">pretty prairies</a> have more flowers<br />
"Our groves have more life"<br />
"Our life" in thy bosom "more loves" <b>(*)</b><br />
<br />
O beloved,<br />
idolized homeland,<br />
hail, hail!<br />
<br />
Brazil, of eternal love be a symbol<br />
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" title="Flag of Brazil">the starred labarum which thou displayst</a><br />
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" title="Flag of Brazil">And say the laurel-green of this pennant</a><br />
"Peace in the future and glory in the past"<br />
<br />
But if thou raisest the strong mace of justice,<br />
see that a son of thine flees not from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Brazil" title="List of wars involving Brazil">battle</a>,<br />
nor do those who love thee fear their own death<br />
Adored Land<br />
</p><p>Amongst thousand others<br />
art thou, Brazil, <br />
O beloved homeland<br />
Of the sons of this ground<br />
thou art kind mother<br />
Beloved homeland, Brazil
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>(*)</b> The passages in quotation marks were extracted from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" title="Gonçalves Dias">Gonçalves Dias</a>' poem "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_ex%C3%ADlio" title="Canção do exílio">Canção do exílio</a>".
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Glossary">Glossary</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_National_Anthem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Glossary">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>This is the meaning of the terms used in the lyrics of the hymn:
</p>
<ul><li><i><b>Placid shores</b></i> – "Plácida" means peaceful, calm.</li>
<li><i><b>Ipiranga</b></i> – is the stream along which D. Pedro I proclaimed the independence.</li>
<li><i><b>Resounding shout</b></i> – "Brado" means a shout or cry, and "retumbante" which causes strong echo, which blares.</li>
<li><i><b>Pledge</b></i> – Used metaphorically (figuratively). "penhor dessa igualdade" is the guarantee, the security that there will be freedom.</li>
<li><i><b>Image of the Cross shines</b></i> – The "Cruzeiro" is the constellation of the Southern Cross (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crux" title="Crux">Crux</a>) that shines about southern hemisphere</li>
<li><i><b>Fearless colossus</b></i> – "Colosso" is the name of a statue of enormous dimensions. "Impávido" being "fearless" is to be relaxed, calm.</li>
<li><i><b>Kind mother</b></i> – The "mãe gentil" is the homeland. A country that loves and defends the "sons" (Brazilians) as any mother.</li>
<li><i><b>Flashes</b></i> – "Fulgurar" is the verb "flare" that means "to shine, to be illuminated".</li>
<li><i><b>Crocket</b></i> – "Florão" is an ornament in the shape of a flower used in the vaults of magnificent buildings. Brazil would be the most important and showy crocket of America.</li>
<li><i><b>Garish</b></i> – "Garrida" means "showy" and calls attention to the beauty.</li>
<li><i><b>Labarum</b></i> – Alias flag. "Labarum" was an old standard used by the Romans.</li>
<li><i><b>Strong mace</b></i> – "Clava" is a big stick, used in hand-to-hand, a cudgel or a club. In verse, means mobilizing an army, go to war.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_National_Anthem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/32px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/48px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/64px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Brazil portal</a></span></li>
<li><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/32px-Audio_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/48px-Audio_a.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/64px-Audio_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazilian_Flag_Anthem" title="Brazilian Flag Anthem">Brazilian Flag Anthem</a>" (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Hino à Bandeira</i>)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hino_da_Independ%C3%AAncia" title="Hino da Independência">Brazilian Anthem of Independence</a>" (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Hino da Independência</i>)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazilian_Republic_Anthem" title="Brazilian Republic Anthem">Brazilian Republic Anthem</a>" (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Hino da Proclamação da República</i>)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_National_Anthem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soportugues.com.br/secoes/curiosidades/hino.php">"Você entende o Hino Nacional Brasileiro?"</a>. <i>Só Português</i> (in Portuguese). <q>You understand the Brazilian National Anthem? The National Anthem, symbol of exaltation of country, is a very complex song. Besides having unusual words, its lyrics are rich in metaphors. The text follows the Parnassian style, which explains the presence of flowery language and syntactic inversions, which hinder the understanding of the message. Thus, the prioritization of the beauty of form in the composition of the hymn compromised clarity. You, who already know how to sing the national anthem, do you know it because of its melody and tune, or do you know it for the meaning of its message? Most people, despite their mastery of the lyrics, are ignorant of their meaning. The following is the national anthem. Note the words highlighted and their definitions in parentheses. You'll likely be surprised by the things that you have always proclaimed, without, in fact, being aware of it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%B3+Portugu%C3%AAs&rft.atitle=Voc%C3%AA+entende+o+Hino+Nacional+Brasileiro%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soportugues.com.br%2Fsecoes%2Fcuriosidades%2Fhino.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrazilian+National+Anthem" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002">http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002">http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html#0002</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.miniweb.com.br/cidadania/hinos/historia/hist_hino_nacional.html">http://www.miniweb.com.br/cidadania/hinos/historia/hist_hino_nacional.html</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html">http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html">http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html">http://www.clerioborges.com.br/hinonacional.html</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because the spelling of Brazil with a "z" became obsolete in the Old Republic due to changes in the orthography of the Portuguese language, and the country's name has since then been spelled with an "s" in Portuguese - Brasil - sometimes the title of that composition is rendered as "Marcha Solemne Brasileira", the adjective "Solemne" retaining the 19th century spelling, while the adjective "Brasileira" is rendered in the modern spelling to avoid writing the country's name with a "z".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/07/02/a-brief-history-of-the-brazilian-national-anthem-and-why-it-is-the-tune-of-the-world-cup/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/07/02/a-brief-history-of-the-brazilian-national-anthem-and-why-it-is-the-tune-of-the-world-cup/</a> A Brief History of the Brazilian National Anthem, And Why it is the Tune of the World Cup</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nationalanthems.me/brazil-hino-nacional-brasileiro/">http://nationalanthems.me/brazil-hino-nacional-brasileiro/</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_National_Anthem&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hino_Nacional_do_Brasil" class="extiw" title="commons:Hino Nacional do Brasil">Hino Nacional do Brasil</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/conheca-a-presidencia/acervo/simbolos-nacionais/hinos/hinos">Hinos</a> at the Brazilian Government</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantorion.org/pieces/1600/Brazilian_National_Anthem_(Hino_Nacional_Brasileiro)">Free sheet music</a> of the Brazilian National Anthem from <i>Cantorion.org</i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV_ZwQ19MoY">50,000 sing the anthem at FIFA World Cup 2014, partly a capella</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_symbols_of_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Brazil_symbols" title="Template:Brazil symbols"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Brazil_symbols" title="Template talk:Brazil symbols"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Brazil_symbols&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_symbols_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">National symbols</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" title="Flag of Brazil">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil" title="Coat of arms of Brazil">Coat of arms</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National anthem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Seal_of_Brazil" title="National Seal of Brazil">National seal</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ef%C3%ADgie_da_Rep%C3%BAblica" title="Efígie da República">Republic's Effigy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rufous-bellied_thrush" title="Rufous-bellied thrush">National bird</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">National fauna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tabebuia" title="Tabebuia">National flora</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Aparecida" title="Our Lady of Aparecida">Patron saint</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_anthems_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:National_anthems_of_South_America" title="Template:National anthems of South America"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:National_anthems_of_South_America" title="Template talk:National anthems of South America"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:National_anthems_of_South_America&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_anthems_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">National anthems</a> of South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentine_National_Anthem" title="Argentine National Anthem">Argentina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_anthem_of_Bolivia" title="National anthem of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Chile" title="National Anthem of Chile">Chile</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Colombia" title="National Anthem of Colombia">Colombia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salve,_Oh_Patria" title="Salve, Oh Patria">Ecuador</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dear_Land_of_Guyana,_of_Rivers_and_Plains" title="Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains">Guyana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paraguayan_National_Anthem" title="Paraguayan National Anthem">Paraguay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Peru" title="National Anthem of Peru">Peru</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/God_zij_met_ons_Suriname" title="God zij met ons Suriname">Suriname</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Uruguay" title="National Anthem of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_al_Bravo_Pueblo" title="Gloria al Bravo Pueblo">Venezuela</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Song_of_the_Falklands" title="Song of the Falklands">Falkland Islands</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">French Guiana</a> (France)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen" title="God Save the Queen">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a> (UK)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1588243804 |