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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Artificial reef off Fort Lauderdale, Florida}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{coord|26.10748333|N|80.06493333|W|display=title}}
{{good article}}
[[File:Tires540.jpg|thumb|alt=A lengthy bed of old, skummy tires rests piled upon the ocean's floor at Osborne Reef; a small yellow fish swims by the left of the photo.|A 2007 underwater photo of the tires constituting Osborne Reef]]
'''Osborne Reef''' is an [[artificial reef]] off the coast of [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], constructed of [[dolos|concrete jack]]s in a {{convert|50|ft|adj=on}} -diameter circle.
In the 1970s, the reef was the subject of an ambitious expansion project utilizing over two million old and discarded [[tire]]s. The project ultimately failed, and the "reef" has come to be considered an [[environmental disaster]]—ultimately doing more harm than good in the coastal [[Florida]] waters.
In 2007, after several false starts, cleanup efforts began when the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] took on the project. This cleanup exercise provides the military with a real-world training environment for their diving and recovery personnel, coupled with the benefit of helping the Florida coast without incurring significant costs to the state.
==Construction==
[[File:USS Thrush (1962).jpg|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of the USS Thrush floating near other structures. The boat is facing the camera with its prow facing the right of the photo, displaying "204" painted on its starboard hull.|USS ''Thrush'' was on hand for the commencement of the reef.]]
In 1972, Broward Artificial Reef Inc. (BARINC) proposed the construction of an enlarged artificial reef to [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]] as a way to both dispose of old tires as well as lure more [[game fish]] to the area. Similarly designed reefs had already been constructed in the [[Northeastern United States]], the neighboring [[Gulf of Mexico]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Australia]], and [[Africa]].<ref name="iht" /> Gregory McIntosh, an employee of BARINC, lauded the project to the attendees of a 1974 conference on artificial reefs: "Tires, which were an esthetic pollutant ashore, could be recycled, so to speak, to build a fishing reef at sea."<ref name="sun-sentinel" />
With endorsement of the project by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|US Army Corps of Engineers]],<ref name="miami"/> the Broward County government approved the project: that spring more than 100 privately owned boats enthusiastically volunteered to assist with the project; accompanied by {{USS|Thrush|MSC-204}}, thousands of tire bundles were simultaneously dropped onto the reef. The [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company]] provided equipment for the auspicious undertaking; even supporting the project so far as to drop a gold-painted tire from a [[Goodyear Blimp]] to christen the site.<ref name="detnews"/> The culmination of the project was the deposit of over two million tires bound with steel clips over {{convert|36|acre|m2}} of the ocean floor, approximately {{convert|7000|ft}} offshore and at a depth of {{convert|65|ft}}.<ref name="underwatertimes" /> Multiple concrete jacks were spread in a circle of {{convert|50|ft}} diameter.<ref name="official site"/>
==Failure==
{{quote box
| quote =The really good idea was to provide habitat for marine critters so we could double or triple marine life in the area, ... It just didn't work that way. I look back now and see it was a bad idea.
| source = —Ray McAllister, founder of BARINC, in a 2007 interview<ref name="iht" />
| width =30%
| align = left
| salign = left
}}
{{quote box
| quote =You get down about 20 feet and it starts to come into sight, it's actually really-- it's like the moon or something. It's weird, it doesn't look like anything you could imagine, it's just tires for as far as you can see down there.
| source = —Army Diver Jason Jakovenko<ref name="NPR20070705" />
| width = 30%
| align = left
| salign = left
}}
Ultimately, little marine life has been successful in latching onto the man-made reef and the majority never even had the opportunity to do so. When deposited, while a few tires were individual loose entities, the majority were bound together with [[nylon]]<ref name="iht"/> or [[steel]] clips (or bands). As there were no exceptional efforts made to ensure the non-[[rust|corrosivity]] of the steel restraints, they summarily failed<ref name="npr"/>—resulting in the loosing of over two million individual, lightweight tires. This newfound mobility destroyed any marine life that had thus far grown on the tires, and effectively prevented the growth of any new organisms. Furthermore, the tires were now easily subject to the tropical winds and storms that frequent the east coast of Florida and continue to collide (at times with tremendous force) with other ''natural'' coral reefs only {{convert|70|ft}} away: compounding their uselessness with environmentally damaging side-effects.<ref name="iht" /><ref name="miami" />
Lastly, the concern of adjacent coastal areas is that the tires are not remaining within the boundaries of Osborne Reef. In 1995, [[Hurricane Opal]] managed to spread over 1,000 tires onto the [[Florida Panhandle]], west of [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]]; and in 1998, [[Hurricane Bonnie (1998)|Hurricane Bonnie]] deposited thousands of the tires onto [[North Carolina]] beaches.<ref name="sun-sentinel" />
This project is not the only one of its nature to fail; Indonesia and Malaysia mounted enormous tire-reef programs in the 1980s and are now seeing the ramifications of the failure of tire reefs, from littered beaches to reef destruction.<ref name="iht" /> Jack Sobel, [[Ocean Conservancy]]'s director of strategic conservation said in a 2002 interview that "I don't know of any cases where there's been a success with tire reefs." That year, The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup removed 11,956 tires from beaches all over the world.<ref name="sun-sentinel" />
==Cleanup==
In 2001, Dr. Robin Sherman of [[Nova Southeastern University]] was awarded a {{US$|30000|2001|long=no|round=-3|about=yes}} grant by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) to begin a tire removal program. She was able to coordinate the removal of only 1,600 tires from the reef, and at a cost estimated at {{US$|17|2001|long=no}} per tire.<ref name="DEP"/>
In 2002, Florida and Broward County environmental officials began the long and arduous process of setting into motion a plan to remove the tires. An original estimate of between $40 and $100 million led the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to plan to arrange a deal with those companies whose construction damages the seabed and reefs.<ref name="sun-sentinel" /> Where they would previously mitigate their destructive construction with replacement constructs for reefs, the state would require them to make their amends by removing tires from the Osborne Reef. This plan faced criticism by environmental groups who felt that this would only hasten the destruction of more marine habitats.<ref name="sun-sentinel" /> Florida did not follow through on these plans.
In May 2015, a two-year project to clear 90,000 tires from the site was commenced by the [[Florida Department of Environmental Protection]].<ref name="Local10AP"/>
===US military involvement===
[[Image:Underwater salvage near Fort Lauderdale, Florida.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Underwater, near the reef, a US Naval diver in a scuba suit with mask, oxygen tank, and regulator, is attaching a large, upside-down beige bag to braided metal chain.|A U.S. Navy Diver attached to Mobile Diving Salvage Unit (MDSU) 2 Det. 6 prepares a [[lifting bag|lift bag]] to salvage tires off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]
In 2007, Broward County contacted the [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs|United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs]] about their [[Innovative Readiness Training program|Innovative Readiness Training (IRT) program]], which looks for civil-military projects that improve military readiness and address the needs of the American public. [[Warrant Officer (United States)#Army|CWO]] Donovan Motley said that the cleanup of Osborne Reef easily met those requirements: "This project allows these military divers and Army [[Landing Craft Utility|LCU]] crew members' real-world training in 'wartime' salvage ops. And perhaps, more importantly, it exercises interoperability with federal, state and county agencies and these skill sets could have the most significance in the aftermath of a Katrina-type natural disaster."<ref name="USN"/> Beginning in June 2007, the [[United States armed forces|United States military]] and [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] began "DiveExEast 07" to ascertain the best and most efficient processes for the cleanup effort. Barring unforeseen operational commitments and engagements, military divers hope to use this project as a training platform for several years and "recover the maximum number of tires possible from day one."<ref name="USN"/> [[Coastal America]], an office of the United States federal government was tasked with coordinating the cleanup of the reef; they were instrumental in finalizing the deal wherein the Florida government would allocate {{US$|2000000|2007|about=yes|long=no|round=-5}} to cover transport and recycling of the tires. Ken Banks with the Florida DEP estimated the project to take three to five years, and while that timeline won't allow for the removal of all two million tires, it should mitigate the majority of the damage they're causing to the corals and coastline, though Banks predicted it could take decades for the reefs to rebuild.<ref name="NPR20070705"/>
Summer 2007 saw US [[United States Navy|Navy]], [[United States Army|Army]], and [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] divers based out of a Coast Guard base in [[Dania Beach, Florida]] working to clean the reef. The joint team first worked to remove the tires from where they were doing the most damage, abutting against natural reefs in the area.<ref name="NPR20070705" /> In 2007, the recovery effort brought approximately 10,000 tires ashore.<ref name="TFTU20080530"/>
In 2008, recovery stopped after 26 days on May 24 after retrieving 43,900 tires. That year, Florida spent approximately {{US$|140000|2008|long=no|about=yes|round=-3}} on the cleanup, some of which constituted transport for the tires to a shredding facility in neighboring [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] whereafter they were burnt as fuel at a [[paper mill]].<ref name="TFTU20080530" />
[[File:86 Engineer Dive Team (2009).jpg|thumb|alt=Thirteen US Army soldiers are posing for another camera (not seen) with a statuette of their beaver mascot and a red guidon. One soldier is sitting in front of the rest, wearing a harness and yellow diver's helmet. To the back-right of the group, a number of flags wave in the wind.|The 86th Engineer Dive Team stands together and answers questions about receiving the Coastal America Partnership Award and their mission in the Middle East]]
Key members of the 2008 cleanup effort were US Army [[Captain (United States)#U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Marine Corps|Captain]] Russell Destremps and his [[86th Engineer Dive Team]]; on August 10, 2009, they were presented with the 2008 [[Coastal America Partnership Award]] and a letter from [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] for their participation in the reef cleanup effort. The award recognizes "outstanding partnerships that make a significant contribution toward the restoration and protection of our Nation's coastal and marine environment" and is the only environmental award of its kind given by the [[White House]].<ref name="ARCENT20090813" /> Two days later in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California|Hollywood, California]], [[Coastal America]] and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs David L. McGinnis awarded the partner cleanup team from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection the same award.<ref name="PIE20090813"/> The 86th Engineer Dive Team deployed to the [[Area of responsibility|AOR]] in March 2009 for a one-year stint, and was unable to participate in that year's cleanup term.<ref name="ARCENT20090813"/>
{{quote|I am particularly proud of the many Sailors and Soldiers who have found a way to enhance their training on skills important to our Nation's readiness for war while also making a significant contribution to the health of our living ocean resources, ... Just as you protect our Nation when serving overseas, at home you have found another way to protect our Nation's wellbeing.|[[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]] in his letter to Captain Destremps<ref name="ARCENT20090813" />}}
In 2009, recovery began on July 24 with thirty Army and Navy divers at [[Hugh Taylor Birch State Park]], where it was thought about 300,000 tires were caught against a natural reef. Loading the caught tires onto the Army craft ''Brandy Station'', the first day's haul brought approximately 1,400 tires ashore.<ref name="SFSS20090724"/> Wrapping up for the year in mid-August, Coastal America's William Nuckols told the [[Associated Press]] that cleanup efforts have thus far recovered approximately 73,000 tires from the reef.<ref name="WTSP"/>
==See also==
{{Portal|Ecology}}
* {{annotated link|Marine biology}}
* {{annotated link|Cancún Underwater Museum}}
* {{annotated link|Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park}}
* {{annotated link|Shark River Reef}}
* {{annotated link|Gibraltar Artificial Reef}}
* {{annotated link|Sinking ships for wreck diving sites}}
* {{annotated link|Temple Reef}}
==References==
{{reflist
|30em
|refs=
<ref name="ARCENT20090813">{{cite news |title=86th Engineer Dive Team commander receives Coastal America Partnership Award |first=Alicia |last=SPC Torbush |url=http://www.arcent.army.mil/news/feature-stories/2009-archive/august/86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-%28august-13%29.aspx |agency=20th Public Affairs Detachment |publisher=[[Third United States Army|ARCENT]] |location=[[Camp Patriot, Kuwait]] |date=August 13, 2009 |accessdate=March 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927061627/http://www.arcent.army.mil/news/feature-stories/2009-archive/august/86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-(august-13).aspx |archivedate=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="DEP">{{cite paper |date=March 2007 |title=History and Overview of the Osborne Reef Waste Tire Removal Pilot Project |publisher=Florida Department of Environmental Protection }}</ref>
<ref name="detnews">{{cite news |title=Undersea Fla. tire reef out of control |first=Peter |last=Whoriskey |url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061004/NATION/610040366/1020 |work=[[The Detroit News]] |publisher=[[MediaNews Group]] |location=[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], US |issn=1055-2715 |date=October 4, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="FMWAR">{{cite web |url=http://www.thiswaytothe.net/reefs/pages/osborne-reef-broward.html |title=Osborne Reef Charts, Maps, Marine Weather Forecast, and Real Time Bouy Reports |accessdate=August 5, 2007 |work=Florida's Most Wanted Artificial Reefs |publisher=The Internet Artificial Reef Roundup & Osborne Reef Overview}}</ref> -->
<ref name="iht">{{cite news |title=A 1970s plan for a tire reef off Florida turns into an ecological disaster |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/18/news/tires.php |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[International Herald Tribune]] |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |location=[[Paris]], [[France]] |issn= |date=February 18, 2007 |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |archivedate=October 10, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010041237/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/18/news/tires.php}}</ref>
<ref name="Local10AP">{{cite news |url=http://www.local10.com/news/divers-start-2year-16m-project-to-remove-thousands-of-tires-in-failed-ocean-reef-project/33072242 |title=Divers start 2-year, $1.6M project to remove thousands of tires in failed ocean reef project |last=Associated Press |date=May 17, 2015 |work=Local10.com |publisher=WPLG Miami |accessdate=May 18, 2015 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="miami">{{cite news |title=Artificial reef made of tires becomes ecological disaster |first=Trenton |last=Daniel |url=http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/15560115.htm |work=[[The Miami Herald]] |publisher=[[The McClatchy Company]] |location=[[Miami]], [[Florida]], US |issn=0898-865X |date=September 20, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205212843/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/15560115.htm |archivedate=February 5, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="npr">{{cite news |title=Throwing In the Towel on Florida's Tire Reef |first=Robert |last=Siegel |authorlink=Robert Siegel |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6112016 |format=streaming audio |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio|NPR]] |date=September 20, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="official site">{{cite web |title=Artificial Reefs Information |url=http://myfwc.com/Conservation/Conserv_Progs_Habitat_Saltwater_reef_results.asp?county=Broward |website= |publisher=[[Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]] |location=[[Tallahassee, Florida]], USA |accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="NPR20070705">{{cite news |title=Fallout from Bad '70s Idea: Auto Tires in Ocean Reef |first=Greg |last=Allen |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11462066 |format=streaming audio |work=[[Morning Edition]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |date=July 5, 2007 |accessdate=August 23, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="PIE20090813">{{cite news |title=Florida Artificial Tire Reef Cleanup Team receives Coastal America Award and recognition from President Obama |url=http://www.pineisland-eagle.com/page/content.detail/id/506227/Florida-Artificial-Tire-Reef-Cleanup-Team-receives-Coastal-America-Award-and-recognition-from-President-Obama.html?nav=5051 |work=[[Pine Island Eagle]] |location= |issn= |date=August 13, 2009 |accessdate=August 23, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="SFSS20090724">{{cite news |title=Divers salvage tires in failed artificial reef |first=David |last=Fleshler |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/fort-lauderdale/sfl-tire-reefs-b072409,0,2935546.story |work=[[South Florida Sun-Sentinel]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |location=[[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], US |issn=0744-8139 |date=July 24, 2009 |accessdate=August 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828104048/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/fort-lauderdale/sfl-tire-reefs-b072409,0,2935546.story |archive-date=August 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="sun-sentinel">{{cite news|title=States attempt to clean up after failed artificial reef |first=David |last=Fleshler |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/southflorida/news/artificialreef2003.html |format=Reprint |work=[[South Florida Sun-Sentinel]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |location=[[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], US |issn=0744-8139 |date=July 18, 2003 |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514084203/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/southflorida/news/artificialreef2003.html |archivedate=May 14, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="TFTU20080530">{{cite news |title=Efforts to remove artificial tire reef ends for season |first=Brian |last=Skoloff |url=http://www.jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/053008/D9106NI05.shtml |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Florida Times-Union]] |publisher=[[Morris Communications]] |location=[[Jacksonville, Florida]], US |issn=0740-2325 |date=May 30, 2008 |accessdate=August 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531092802/http://www.jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/053008/D9106NI05.shtml |archive-date=May 31, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="underwatertimes">{{cite news |title=Two Million Tire Artificial Reef to be Removed Off Florida Coast; Smothering Corals |author=Underwatertimes.com News Service |url=http://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=36210951740 |work=[[UnderwaterTimes]] |location= |issn= |date=August 22, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="USN">{{cite web |url=http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=30010 |title=MDSU 2, DOD Divers Train to Improve Environment |author=Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class (SW) Phil Beaufort |date=June 13, 2007 |work=Navy NewsStand |publisher=[[United States Navy]] |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706143440/http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=30010 |archivedate=July 6, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="WTSP">{{cite news |title=Florida tire reef removal ends for the year |first=Jim |last=Peppard |url=http://www.wtsp.com/news/mostpop/story.aspx?storyid=111967&provider=top |publisher=[[WTSP]] |location=[[St. Petersburg, Florida]], US |date=August 21, 2009 |accessdate=December 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130209142916/http://www.wtsp.com/news/mostpop/story.aspx?storyid=111967&provider=top |archivedate=February 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
}}
{{Underwater diving|recdiv}}
[[Category:Artificial reefs]]
[[Category:Environmental disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:Geography of Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]
[[Category:Environment of Florida]]
[[Category:Reefs of Florida]]
[[Category:Landforms of Broward County, Florida]]
[[Category:1970s establishments in Florida]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Artificial reef off Fort Lauderdale, Florida}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{coord|26.10748333|N|80.06493333|W|display=title}}
{{good article}}
[[File:Tires540.jpg|thumb|alt=PENIS
In the 1970s, the reef was the subject of an ambitious expansion project utilizing over two million old and discarded [[tire]]s. The project ultimately failed, and the "reef" has come to be considered an [[environmental disaster]]—ultimately doing more harm than good in the coastal [[Florida]] waters.
In 2007, after several false starts, cleanup efforts began when the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] took on the project. This cleanup exercise provides the military with a real-world training environment for their diving and recovery personnel, coupled with the benefit of helping the Florida coast without incurring significant costs to the state.
==Construction==
[[File:USS Thrush (1962).jpg|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of the USS Thrush floating near other structures. The boat is facing the camera with its prow facing the right of the photo, displaying "204" painted on its starboard hull.|USS ''Thrush'' was on hand for the commencement of the reef.]]
In 1972, Broward Artificial Reef Inc. (BARINC) proposed the construction of an enlarged artificial reef to [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]] as a way to both dispose of old tires as well as lure more [[game fish]] to the area. Similarly designed reefs had already been constructed in the [[Northeastern United States]], the neighboring [[Gulf of Mexico]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Australia]], and [[Africa]].<ref name="iht" /> Gregory McIntosh, an employee of BARINC, lauded the project to the attendees of a 1974 conference on artificial reefs: "Tires, which were an esthetic pollutant ashore, could be recycled, so to speak, to build a fishing reef at sea."<ref name="sun-sentinel" />
With endorsement of the project by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|US Army Corps of Engineers]],<ref name="miami"/> the Broward County government approved the project: that spring more than 100 privately owned boats enthusiastically volunteered to assist with the project; accompanied by {{USS|Thrush|MSC-204}}, thousands of tire bundles were simultaneously dropped onto the reef. The [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company]] provided equipment for the auspicious undertaking; even supporting the project so far as to drop a gold-painted tire from a [[Goodyear Blimp]] to christen the site.<ref name="detnews"/> The culmination of the project was the deposit of over two million tires bound with steel clips over {{convert|36|acre|m2}} of the ocean floor, approximately {{convert|7000|ft}} offshore and at a depth of {{convert|65|ft}}.<ref name="underwatertimes" /> Multiple concrete jacks were spread in a circle of {{convert|50|ft}} diameter.<ref name="official site"/>
==Failure==
{{quote box
| quote =The really good idea was to provide habitat for marine critters so we could double or triple marine life in the area, ... It just didn't work that way. I look back now and see it was a bad idea.
| source = —Ray McAllister, founder of BARINC, in a 2007 interview<ref name="iht" />
| width =30%
| align = left
| salign = left
}}
{{quote box
| quote =You get down about 20 feet and it starts to come into sight, it's actually really-- it's like the moon or something. It's weird, it doesn't look like anything you could imagine, it's just tires for as far as you can see down there.
| source = —Army Diver Jason Jakovenko<ref name="NPR20070705" />
| width = 30%
| align = left
| salign = left
}}
Ultimately, little marine life has been successful in latching onto the man-made reef and the majority never even had the opportunity to do so. When deposited, while a few tires were individual loose entities, the majority were bound together with [[nylon]]<ref name="iht"/> or [[steel]] clips (or bands). As there were no exceptional efforts made to ensure the non-[[rust|corrosivity]] of the steel restraints, they summarily failed<ref name="npr"/>—resulting in the loosing of over two million individual, lightweight tires. This newfound mobility destroyed any marine life that had thus far grown on the tires, and effectively prevented the growth of any new organisms. Furthermore, the tires were now easily subject to the tropical winds and storms that frequent the east coast of Florida and continue to collide (at times with tremendous force) with other ''natural'' coral reefs only {{convert|70|ft}} away: compounding their uselessness with environmentally damaging side-effects.<ref name="iht" /><ref name="miami" />
Lastly, the concern of adjacent coastal areas is that the tires are not remaining within the boundaries of Osborne Reef. In 1995, [[Hurricane Opal]] managed to spread over 1,000 tires onto the [[Florida Panhandle]], west of [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]]; and in 1998, [[Hurricane Bonnie (1998)|Hurricane Bonnie]] deposited thousands of the tires onto [[North Carolina]] beaches.<ref name="sun-sentinel" />
This project is not the only one of its nature to fail; Indonesia and Malaysia mounted enormous tire-reef programs in the 1980s and are now seeing the ramifications of the failure of tire reefs, from littered beaches to reef destruction.<ref name="iht" /> Jack Sobel, [[Ocean Conservancy]]'s director of strategic conservation said in a 2002 interview that "I don't know of any cases where there's been a success with tire reefs." That year, The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup removed 11,956 tires from beaches all over the world.<ref name="sun-sentinel" />
==Cleanup==
In 2001, Dr. Robin Sherman of [[Nova Southeastern University]] was awarded a {{US$|30000|2001|long=no|round=-3|about=yes}} grant by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) to begin a tire removal program. She was able to coordinate the removal of only 1,600 tires from the reef, and at a cost estimated at {{US$|17|2001|long=no}} per tire.<ref name="DEP"/>
In 2002, Florida and Broward County environmental officials began the long and arduous process of setting into motion a plan to remove the tires. An original estimate of between $40 and $100 million led the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to plan to arrange a deal with those companies whose construction damages the seabed and reefs.<ref name="sun-sentinel" /> Where they would previously mitigate their destructive construction with replacement constructs for reefs, the state would require them to make their amends by removing tires from the Osborne Reef. This plan faced criticism by environmental groups who felt that this would only hasten the destruction of more marine habitats.<ref name="sun-sentinel" /> Florida did not follow through on these plans.
In May 2015, a two-year project to clear 90,000 tires from the site was commenced by the [[Florida Department of Environmental Protection]].<ref name="Local10AP"/>
===US military involvement===
[[Image:Underwater salvage near Fort Lauderdale, Florida.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Underwater, near the reef, a US Naval diver in a scuba suit with mask, oxygen tank, and regulator, is attaching a large, upside-down beige bag to braided metal chain.|A U.S. Navy Diver attached to Mobile Diving Salvage Unit (MDSU) 2 Det. 6 prepares a [[lifting bag|lift bag]] to salvage tires off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]
In 2007, Broward County contacted the [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs|United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs]] about their [[Innovative Readiness Training program|Innovative Readiness Training (IRT) program]], which looks for civil-military projects that improve military readiness and address the needs of the American public. [[Warrant Officer (United States)#Army|CWO]] Donovan Motley said that the cleanup of Osborne Reef easily met those requirements: "This project allows these military divers and Army [[Landing Craft Utility|LCU]] crew members' real-world training in 'wartime' salvage ops. And perhaps, more importantly, it exercises interoperability with federal, state and county agencies and these skill sets could have the most significance in the aftermath of a Katrina-type natural disaster."<ref name="USN"/> Beginning in June 2007, the [[United States armed forces|United States military]] and [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] began "DiveExEast 07" to ascertain the best and most efficient processes for the cleanup effort. Barring unforeseen operational commitments and engagements, military divers hope to use this project as a training platform for several years and "recover the maximum number of tires possible from day one."<ref name="USN"/> [[Coastal America]], an office of the United States federal government was tasked with coordinating the cleanup of the reef; they were instrumental in finalizing the deal wherein the Florida government would allocate {{US$|2000000|2007|about=yes|long=no|round=-5}} to cover transport and recycling of the tires. Ken Banks with the Florida DEP estimated the project to take three to five years, and while that timeline won't allow for the removal of all two million tires, it should mitigate the majority of the damage they're causing to the corals and coastline, though Banks predicted it could take decades for the reefs to rebuild.<ref name="NPR20070705"/>
Summer 2007 saw US [[United States Navy|Navy]], [[United States Army|Army]], and [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] divers based out of a Coast Guard base in [[Dania Beach, Florida]] working to clean the reef. The joint team first worked to remove the tires from where they were doing the most damage, abutting against natural reefs in the area.<ref name="NPR20070705" /> In 2007, the recovery effort brought approximately 10,000 tires ashore.<ref name="TFTU20080530"/>
In 2008, recovery stopped after 26 days on May 24 after retrieving 43,900 tires. That year, Florida spent approximately {{US$|140000|2008|long=no|about=yes|round=-3}} on the cleanup, some of which constituted transport for the tires to a shredding facility in neighboring [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] whereafter they were burnt as fuel at a [[paper mill]].<ref name="TFTU20080530" />
[[File:86 Engineer Dive Team (2009).jpg|thumb|alt=Thirteen US Army soldiers are posing for another camera (not seen) with a statuette of their beaver mascot and a red guidon. One soldier is sitting in front of the rest, wearing a harness and yellow diver's helmet. To the back-right of the group, a number of flags wave in the wind.|The 86th Engineer Dive Team stands together and answers questions about receiving the Coastal America Partnership Award and their mission in the Middle East]]
Key members of the 2008 cleanup effort were US Army [[Captain (United States)#U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Marine Corps|Captain]] Russell Destremps and his [[86th Engineer Dive Team]]; on August 10, 2009, they were presented with the 2008 [[Coastal America Partnership Award]] and a letter from [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] for their participation in the reef cleanup effort. The award recognizes "outstanding partnerships that make a significant contribution toward the restoration and protection of our Nation's coastal and marine environment" and is the only environmental award of its kind given by the [[White House]].<ref name="ARCENT20090813" /> Two days later in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California|Hollywood, California]], [[Coastal America]] and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs David L. McGinnis awarded the partner cleanup team from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection the same award.<ref name="PIE20090813"/> The 86th Engineer Dive Team deployed to the [[Area of responsibility|AOR]] in March 2009 for a one-year stint, and was unable to participate in that year's cleanup term.<ref name="ARCENT20090813"/>
{{quote|I am particularly proud of the many Sailors and Soldiers who have found a way to enhance their training on skills important to our Nation's readiness for war while also making a significant contribution to the health of our living ocean resources, ... Just as you protect our Nation when serving overseas, at home you have found another way to protect our Nation's wellbeing.|[[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]] in his letter to Captain Destremps<ref name="ARCENT20090813" />}}
In 2009, recovery began on July 24 with thirty Army and Navy divers at [[Hugh Taylor Birch State Park]], where it was thought about 300,000 tires were caught against a natural reef. Loading the caught tires onto the Army craft ''Brandy Station'', the first day's haul brought approximately 1,400 tires ashore.<ref name="SFSS20090724"/> Wrapping up for the year in mid-August, Coastal America's William Nuckols told the [[Associated Press]] that cleanup efforts have thus far recovered approximately 73,000 tires from the reef.<ref name="WTSP"/>
==See also==
{{Portal|Ecology}}
* {{annotated link|Marine biology}}
* {{annotated link|Cancún Underwater Museum}}
* {{annotated link|Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park}}
* {{annotated link|Shark River Reef}}
* {{annotated link|Gibraltar Artificial Reef}}
* {{annotated link|Sinking ships for wreck diving sites}}
* {{annotated link|Temple Reef}}
==References==
{{reflist
|30em
|refs=
<ref name="ARCENT20090813">{{cite news |title=86th Engineer Dive Team commander receives Coastal America Partnership Award |first=Alicia |last=SPC Torbush |url=http://www.arcent.army.mil/news/feature-stories/2009-archive/august/86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-%28august-13%29.aspx |agency=20th Public Affairs Detachment |publisher=[[Third United States Army|ARCENT]] |location=[[Camp Patriot, Kuwait]] |date=August 13, 2009 |accessdate=March 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927061627/http://www.arcent.army.mil/news/feature-stories/2009-archive/august/86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-(august-13).aspx |archivedate=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="DEP">{{cite paper |date=March 2007 |title=History and Overview of the Osborne Reef Waste Tire Removal Pilot Project |publisher=Florida Department of Environmental Protection }}</ref>
<ref name="detnews">{{cite news |title=Undersea Fla. tire reef out of control |first=Peter |last=Whoriskey |url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061004/NATION/610040366/1020 |work=[[The Detroit News]] |publisher=[[MediaNews Group]] |location=[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], US |issn=1055-2715 |date=October 4, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="FMWAR">{{cite web |url=http://www.thiswaytothe.net/reefs/pages/osborne-reef-broward.html |title=Osborne Reef Charts, Maps, Marine Weather Forecast, and Real Time Bouy Reports |accessdate=August 5, 2007 |work=Florida's Most Wanted Artificial Reefs |publisher=The Internet Artificial Reef Roundup & Osborne Reef Overview}}</ref> -->
<ref name="iht">{{cite news |title=A 1970s plan for a tire reef off Florida turns into an ecological disaster |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/18/news/tires.php |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[International Herald Tribune]] |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |location=[[Paris]], [[France]] |issn= |date=February 18, 2007 |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |archivedate=October 10, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010041237/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/18/news/tires.php}}</ref>
<ref name="Local10AP">{{cite news |url=http://www.local10.com/news/divers-start-2year-16m-project-to-remove-thousands-of-tires-in-failed-ocean-reef-project/33072242 |title=Divers start 2-year, $1.6M project to remove thousands of tires in failed ocean reef project |last=Associated Press |date=May 17, 2015 |work=Local10.com |publisher=WPLG Miami |accessdate=May 18, 2015 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="miami">{{cite news |title=Artificial reef made of tires becomes ecological disaster |first=Trenton |last=Daniel |url=http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/15560115.htm |work=[[The Miami Herald]] |publisher=[[The McClatchy Company]] |location=[[Miami]], [[Florida]], US |issn=0898-865X |date=September 20, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205212843/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/15560115.htm |archivedate=February 5, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="npr">{{cite news |title=Throwing In the Towel on Florida's Tire Reef |first=Robert |last=Siegel |authorlink=Robert Siegel |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6112016 |format=streaming audio |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio|NPR]] |date=September 20, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="official site">{{cite web |title=Artificial Reefs Information |url=http://myfwc.com/Conservation/Conserv_Progs_Habitat_Saltwater_reef_results.asp?county=Broward |website= |publisher=[[Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]] |location=[[Tallahassee, Florida]], USA |accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="NPR20070705">{{cite news |title=Fallout from Bad '70s Idea: Auto Tires in Ocean Reef |first=Greg |last=Allen |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11462066 |format=streaming audio |work=[[Morning Edition]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |date=July 5, 2007 |accessdate=August 23, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="PIE20090813">{{cite news |title=Florida Artificial Tire Reef Cleanup Team receives Coastal America Award and recognition from President Obama |url=http://www.pineisland-eagle.com/page/content.detail/id/506227/Florida-Artificial-Tire-Reef-Cleanup-Team-receives-Coastal-America-Award-and-recognition-from-President-Obama.html?nav=5051 |work=[[Pine Island Eagle]] |location= |issn= |date=August 13, 2009 |accessdate=August 23, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="SFSS20090724">{{cite news |title=Divers salvage tires in failed artificial reef |first=David |last=Fleshler |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/fort-lauderdale/sfl-tire-reefs-b072409,0,2935546.story |work=[[South Florida Sun-Sentinel]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |location=[[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], US |issn=0744-8139 |date=July 24, 2009 |accessdate=August 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828104048/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/fort-lauderdale/sfl-tire-reefs-b072409,0,2935546.story |archive-date=August 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="sun-sentinel">{{cite news|title=States attempt to clean up after failed artificial reef |first=David |last=Fleshler |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/southflorida/news/artificialreef2003.html |format=Reprint |work=[[South Florida Sun-Sentinel]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |location=[[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], US |issn=0744-8139 |date=July 18, 2003 |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514084203/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/southflorida/news/artificialreef2003.html |archivedate=May 14, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="TFTU20080530">{{cite news |title=Efforts to remove artificial tire reef ends for season |first=Brian |last=Skoloff |url=http://www.jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/053008/D9106NI05.shtml |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Florida Times-Union]] |publisher=[[Morris Communications]] |location=[[Jacksonville, Florida]], US |issn=0740-2325 |date=May 30, 2008 |accessdate=August 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531092802/http://www.jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/053008/D9106NI05.shtml |archive-date=May 31, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="underwatertimes">{{cite news |title=Two Million Tire Artificial Reef to be Removed Off Florida Coast; Smothering Corals |author=Underwatertimes.com News Service |url=http://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=36210951740 |work=[[UnderwaterTimes]] |location= |issn= |date=August 22, 2006 |accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="USN">{{cite web |url=http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=30010 |title=MDSU 2, DOD Divers Train to Improve Environment |author=Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class (SW) Phil Beaufort |date=June 13, 2007 |work=Navy NewsStand |publisher=[[United States Navy]] |accessdate=June 11, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706143440/http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=30010 |archivedate=July 6, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="WTSP">{{cite news |title=Florida tire reef removal ends for the year |first=Jim |last=Peppard |url=http://www.wtsp.com/news/mostpop/story.aspx?storyid=111967&provider=top |publisher=[[WTSP]] |location=[[St. Petersburg, Florida]], US |date=August 21, 2009 |accessdate=December 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130209142916/http://www.wtsp.com/news/mostpop/story.aspx?storyid=111967&provider=top |archivedate=February 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
}}
{{Underwater diving|recdiv}}
[[Category:Artificial reefs]]
[[Category:Environmental disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:Geography of Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]
[[Category:Environment of Florida]]
[[Category:Reefs of Florida]]
[[Category:Landforms of Broward County, Florida]]
[[Category:1970s establishments in Florida]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@
{{coord|26.10748333|N|80.06493333|W|display=title}}
{{good article}}
-[[File:Tires540.jpg|thumb|alt=A lengthy bed of old, skummy tires rests piled upon the ocean's floor at Osborne Reef; a small yellow fish swims by the left of the photo.|A 2007 underwater photo of the tires constituting Osborne Reef]]
-'''Osborne Reef''' is an [[artificial reef]] off the coast of [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], constructed of [[dolos|concrete jack]]s in a {{convert|50|ft|adj=on}} -diameter circle.
+[[File:Tires540.jpg|thumb|alt=PENIS
In the 1970s, the reef was the subject of an ambitious expansion project utilizing over two million old and discarded [[tire]]s. The project ultimately failed, and the "reef" has come to be considered an [[environmental disaster]]—ultimately doing more harm than good in the coastal [[Florida]] waters.
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<p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Osborne_Reef&params=26.10748333_N_80.06493333_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°06′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°03′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.10748333°N 80.06493333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.10748333; -80.06493333</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
[[File:Tires540.jpg|thumb|alt=PENIS
</p><p>In the 1970s, the reef was the subject of an ambitious expansion project utilizing over two million old and discarded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a>. The project ultimately failed, and the "reef" has come to be considered an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_disaster" title="Environmental disaster">environmental disaster</a>—ultimately doing more harm than good in the coastal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> waters.
</p><p>In 2007, after several false starts, cleanup efforts began when the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States military</a> took on the project. This cleanup exercise provides the military with a real-world training environment for their diving and recovery personnel, coupled with the benefit of helping the Florida coast without incurring significant costs to the state.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Construction"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Construction</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Failure"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Failure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Cleanup"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Cleanup</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#US_military_involvement"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">US military involvement</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Construction">Construction</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Osborne_Reef&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:USS_Thrush_(1962).jpg" class="image"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of the USS Thrush floating near other structures. The boat is facing the camera with its prow facing the right of the photo, displaying "204" painted on its starboard hull." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USS_Thrush_%281962%29.jpg/220px-USS_Thrush_%281962%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USS_Thrush_%281962%29.jpg/330px-USS_Thrush_%281962%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USS_Thrush_%281962%29.jpg/440px-USS_Thrush_%281962%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="472" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:USS_Thrush_(1962).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>USS <i>Thrush</i> was on hand for the commencement of the reef.</div></div></div>
<p>In 1972, Broward Artificial Reef Inc. (BARINC) proposed the construction of an enlarged artificial reef to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broward_County,_Florida" title="Broward County, Florida">Broward County</a> as a way to both dispose of old tires as well as lure more <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_fish" title="Game fish">game fish</a> to the area. Similarly designed reefs had already been constructed in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, the neighboring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-1">[1]</a></sup> Gregory McIntosh, an employee of BARINC, lauded the project to the attendees of a 1974 conference on artificial reefs: "Tires, which were an esthetic pollutant ashore, could be recycled, so to speak, to build a fishing reef at sea."<sup id="cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-sentinel-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>With endorsement of the project by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">US Army Corps of Engineers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-miami_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miami-3">[3]</a></sup> the Broward County government approved the project: that spring more than 100 privately owned boats enthusiastically volunteered to assist with the project; accompanied by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Thrush_(MSC-204)" title="USS Thrush (MSC-204)">USS <i>Thrush</i> <span class="nowrap">(MSC-204)</span></a>, thousands of tire bundles were simultaneously dropped onto the reef. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company</a> provided equipment for the auspicious undertaking; even supporting the project so far as to drop a gold-painted tire from a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodyear_Blimp" title="Goodyear Blimp">Goodyear Blimp</a> to christen the site.<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-4">[4]</a></sup> The culmination of the project was the deposit of over two million tires bound with steel clips over 36 acres (150,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of the ocean floor, approximately 7,000 feet (2,100 m) offshore and at a depth of 65 feet (20 m).<sup id="cite_ref-underwatertimes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-underwatertimes-5">[5]</a></sup> Multiple concrete jacks were spread in a circle of 50 feet (15 m) diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-official_site_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_site-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Failure">Failure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Osborne_Reef&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Failure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:30%; ;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r887775652">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{margin:0.5em auto 0.8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft p,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright p{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:larger;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:360px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{min-width:100%;margin:0 0 0.8em!important;float:none!important}}</style>
<div class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style="">The really good idea was to provide habitat for marine critters so we could double or triple marine life in the area, ... It just didn't work that way. I look back now and see it was a bad idea.</div>
<p><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Ray McAllister, founder of BARINC, in a 2007 interview<sup id="cite_ref-iht_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-1">[1]</a></sup></cite>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:30%; ;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r887775652"/>
<div class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style="">You get down about 20 feet and it starts to come into sight, it's actually really-- it's like the moon or something. It's weird, it doesn't look like anything you could imagine, it's just tires for as far as you can see down there.</div>
<p><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Army Diver Jason Jakovenko<sup id="cite_ref-NPR20070705_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR20070705-7">[7]</a></sup></cite>
</p>
</div>
<p>Ultimately, little marine life has been successful in latching onto the man-made reef and the majority never even had the opportunity to do so. When deposited, while a few tires were individual loose entities, the majority were bound together with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a><sup id="cite_ref-iht_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-1">[1]</a></sup> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> clips (or bands). As there were no exceptional efforts made to ensure the non-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">corrosivity</a> of the steel restraints, they summarily failed<sup id="cite_ref-npr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-8">[8]</a></sup>—resulting in the loosing of over two million individual, lightweight tires. This newfound mobility destroyed any marine life that had thus far grown on the tires, and effectively prevented the growth of any new organisms. Furthermore, the tires were now easily subject to the tropical winds and storms that frequent the east coast of Florida and continue to collide (at times with tremendous force) with other <i>natural</i> coral reefs only 70 feet (21 m) away: compounding their uselessness with environmentally damaging side-effects.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miami_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miami-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Lastly, the concern of adjacent coastal areas is that the tires are not remaining within the boundaries of Osborne Reef. In 1995, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Hurricane Opal</a> managed to spread over 1,000 tires onto the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida_Panhandle" title="Florida Panhandle">Florida Panhandle</a>, west of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a>; and in 1998, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hurricane_Bonnie_(1998)" title="Hurricane Bonnie (1998)">Hurricane Bonnie</a> deposited thousands of the tires onto <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-sentinel-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>This project is not the only one of its nature to fail; Indonesia and Malaysia mounted enormous tire-reef programs in the 1980s and are now seeing the ramifications of the failure of tire reefs, from littered beaches to reef destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-1">[1]</a></sup> Jack Sobel, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ocean_Conservancy" title="Ocean Conservancy">Ocean Conservancy</a>'s director of strategic conservation said in a 2002 interview that "I don't know of any cases where there's been a success with tire reefs." That year, The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup removed 11,956 tires from beaches all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-sentinel-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cleanup">Cleanup</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Osborne_Reef&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cleanup">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 2001, Dr. Robin Sherman of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nova_Southeastern_University" title="Nova Southeastern University">Nova Southeastern University</a> was awarded a <span style="white-space: nowrap">$30,000</span> (equivalent to about $43,000 in 2019) grant by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) to begin a tire removal program. She was able to coordinate the removal of only 1,600 tires from the reef, and at a cost estimated at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$17</span> (equivalent to $24.55 in 2019) per tire.<sup id="cite_ref-DEP_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEP-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2002, Florida and Broward County environmental officials began the long and arduous process of setting into motion a plan to remove the tires. An original estimate of between $40 and $100 million led the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to plan to arrange a deal with those companies whose construction damages the seabed and reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-sentinel-2">[2]</a></sup> Where they would previously mitigate their destructive construction with replacement constructs for reefs, the state would require them to make their amends by removing tires from the Osborne Reef. This plan faced criticism by environmental groups who felt that this would only hasten the destruction of more marine habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-sentinel-2">[2]</a></sup> Florida did not follow through on these plans.
</p><p>In May 2015, a two-year project to clear 90,000 tires from the site was commenced by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="Florida Department of Environmental Protection">Florida Department of Environmental Protection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Local10AP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Local10AP-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="US_military_involvement">US military involvement</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Osborne_Reef&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: US military involvement">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>[[Image:Underwater salvage near Fort Lauderdale, Florida.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Underwater, near the reef, a US Naval diver in a scuba suit with mask, oxygen tank, and regulator, is attaching a large, upside-down beige bag to braided metal chain.|A U.S. Navy Diver attached to Mobile Diving Salvage Unit (MDSU) 2 Det. 6 prepares a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lifting_bag" title="Lifting bag">lift bag</a> to salvage tires off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]
</p><p>In 2007, Broward County contacted the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Reserve_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs">United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs</a> about their <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Innovative_Readiness_Training_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innovative Readiness Training program (page does not exist)">Innovative Readiness Training (IRT) program</a>, which looks for civil-military projects that improve military readiness and address the needs of the American public. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warrant_Officer_(United_States)#Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer (United States)">CWO</a> Donovan Motley said that the cleanup of Osborne Reef easily met those requirements: "This project allows these military divers and Army <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility" title="Landing Craft Utility">LCU</a> crew members' real-world training in 'wartime' salvage ops. And perhaps, more importantly, it exercises interoperability with federal, state and county agencies and these skill sets could have the most significance in the aftermath of a Katrina-type natural disaster."<sup id="cite_ref-USN_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USN-11">[11]</a></sup> Beginning in June 2007, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States armed forces">United States military</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> began "DiveExEast 07" to ascertain the best and most efficient processes for the cleanup effort. Barring unforeseen operational commitments and engagements, military divers hope to use this project as a training platform for several years and "recover the maximum number of tires possible from day one."<sup id="cite_ref-USN_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USN-11">[11]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Coastal_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal America (page does not exist)">Coastal America</a>, an office of the United States federal government was tasked with coordinating the cleanup of the reef; they were instrumental in finalizing the deal wherein the Florida government would allocate <span style="white-space: nowrap">$2,000,000</span> (equivalent to about $2,500,000 in 2019) to cover transport and recycling of the tires. Ken Banks with the Florida DEP estimated the project to take three to five years, and while that timeline won't allow for the removal of all two million tires, it should mitigate the majority of the damage they're causing to the corals and coastline, though Banks predicted it could take decades for the reefs to rebuild.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR20070705_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR20070705-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>Summer 2007 saw US <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> divers based out of a Coast Guard base in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dania_Beach,_Florida" title="Dania Beach, Florida">Dania Beach, Florida</a> working to clean the reef. The joint team first worked to remove the tires from where they were doing the most damage, abutting against natural reefs in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR20070705_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR20070705-7">[7]</a></sup> In 2007, the recovery effort brought approximately 10,000 tires ashore.<sup id="cite_ref-TFTU20080530_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFTU20080530-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2008, recovery stopped after 26 days on May 24 after retrieving 43,900 tires. That year, Florida spent approximately <span style="white-space: nowrap">$140,000</span> (equivalent to about $166,000 in 2019) on the cleanup, some of which constituted transport for the tires to a shredding facility in neighboring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> whereafter they were burnt as fuel at a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">paper mill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TFTU20080530_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFTU20080530-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:86_Engineer_Dive_Team_(2009).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Thirteen US Army soldiers are posing for another camera (not seen) with a statuette of their beaver mascot and a red guidon. One soldier is sitting in front of the rest, wearing a harness and yellow diver's helmet. To the back-right of the group, a number of flags wave in the wind." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/86_Engineer_Dive_Team_%282009%29.jpg/220px-86_Engineer_Dive_Team_%282009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/86_Engineer_Dive_Team_%282009%29.jpg/330px-86_Engineer_Dive_Team_%282009%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/86_Engineer_Dive_Team_%282009%29.jpg/440px-86_Engineer_Dive_Team_%282009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="367" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:86_Engineer_Dive_Team_(2009).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The 86th Engineer Dive Team stands together and answers questions about receiving the Coastal America Partnership Award and their mission in the Middle East</div></div></div>
<p>Key members of the 2008 cleanup effort were US Army <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Captain_(United_States)#U.S._Army,_U.S._Air_Force,_and_U.S._Marine_Corps" title="Captain (United States)">Captain</a> Russell Destremps and his <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=86th_Engineer_Dive_Team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="86th Engineer Dive Team (page does not exist)">86th Engineer Dive Team</a>; on August 10, 2009, they were presented with the 2008 <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Coastal_America_Partnership_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal America Partnership Award (page does not exist)">Coastal America Partnership Award</a> and a letter from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">President Obama</a> for their participation in the reef cleanup effort. The award recognizes "outstanding partnerships that make a significant contribution toward the restoration and protection of our Nation's coastal and marine environment" and is the only environmental award of its kind given by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARCENT20090813_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARCENT20090813-13">[13]</a></sup> Two days later in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles, California">Hollywood, California</a>, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Coastal_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal America (page does not exist)">Coastal America</a> and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs David L. McGinnis awarded the partner cleanup team from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection the same award.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE20090813_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE20090813-14">[14]</a></sup> The 86th Engineer Dive Team deployed to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">AOR</a> in March 2009 for a one-year stint, and was unable to participate in that year's cleanup term.<sup id="cite_ref-ARCENT20090813_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARCENT20090813-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047036">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I am particularly proud of the many Sailors and Soldiers who have found a way to enhance their training on skills important to our Nation's readiness for war while also making a significant contribution to the health of our living ocean resources, ... Just as you protect our Nation when serving overseas, at home you have found another way to protect our Nation's wellbeing.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in his letter to Captain Destremps<sup id="cite_ref-ARCENT20090813_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARCENT20090813-13">[13]</a></sup></cite></div></blockquote>
<p>In 2009, recovery began on July 24 with thirty Army and Navy divers at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Taylor_Birch_State_Park" title="Hugh Taylor Birch State Park">Hugh Taylor Birch State Park</a>, where it was thought about 300,000 tires were caught against a natural reef. Loading the caught tires onto the Army craft <i>Brandy Station</i>, the first day's haul brought approximately 1,400 tires ashore.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSS20090724_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSS20090724-15">[15]</a></sup> Wrapping up for the year in mid-August, Coastal America's William Nuckols told the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> that cleanup efforts have thus far recovered approximately 73,000 tires from the reef.<sup id="cite_ref-WTSP_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTSP-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Osborne_Reef&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="icon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/32px-Earth_Day_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/48px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/64px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Ecology" title="Portal:Ecology">Ecology portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a> – The scientific study of organisms that live in the ocean</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_Underwater_Museum" title="Cancún Underwater Museum">Cancún Underwater Museum</a> – Underwater Museum in Cancún, Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Molinere_Underwater_Sculpture_Park" title="Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park">Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park</a> – Collection of underwater contemporary art off Grenada in the Caribbean</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shark_River_Reef" title="Shark River Reef">Shark River Reef</a> – Artificial reef off New Jersey</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef" title="Gibraltar Artificial Reef">Gibraltar Artificial Reef</a> – Artificial reef project off Gibraltar</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">Sinking ships for wreck diving sites</a> – Scuttling old ships to produce artificial reefs suitable for recreational wreck diving</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temple_Reef" title="Temple Reef">Temple Reef</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Osborne_Reef&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-iht-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iht_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iht_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iht_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iht_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iht_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010041237/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/18/news/tires.php">"A 1970s plan for a tire reef off Florida turns into an ecological disaster"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. February 18, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/18/news/tires.php">the original</a> on October 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=A+1970s+plan+for+a+tire+reef+off+Florida+turns+into+an+ecological+disaster&rft.date=2007-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F18%2Fnews%2Ftires.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sun-sentinel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sun-sentinel_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFleshler2003" class="citation news">Fleshler, David (July 18, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514084203/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/southflorida/news/artificialreef2003.html">"States attempt to clean up after failed artificial reef"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Florida_Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Florida Sun-Sentinel">South Florida Sun-Sentinel</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale, Florida</a>, US: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tribune_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribune Company">Tribune Company</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0744-8139">0744-8139</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/southflorida/news/artificialreef2003.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Reprint)</span> on May 14, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=States+attempt+to+clean+up+after+failed+artificial+reef&rft.date=2003-07-18&rft.issn=0744-8139&rft.aulast=Fleshler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flmnh.ufl.edu%2Ffish%2Fsouthflorida%2Fnews%2Fartificialreef2003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-miami-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miami_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miami_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2006" class="citation news">Daniel, Trenton (September 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205212843/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/15560115.htm">"Artificial reef made of tires becomes ecological disaster"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Miami_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Miami Herald">The Miami Herald</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, US: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_McClatchy_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The McClatchy Company">The McClatchy Company</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0898-865X">0898-865X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/15560115.htm">the original</a> on February 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Artificial+reef+made+of+tires+becomes+ecological+disaster&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft.issn=0898-865X&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Trenton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miami.com%2Fmld%2Fmiamiherald%2F15560115.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-detnews-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-detnews_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhoriskey2006" class="citation news">Whoriskey, Peter (October 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061004/NATION/610040366/1020">"Undersea Fla. tire reef out of control"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, US: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MediaNews_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="MediaNews Group">MediaNews Group</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/1055-2715">1055-2715</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Detroit+News&rft.atitle=Undersea+Fla.+tire+reef+out+of+control&rft.date=2006-10-04&rft.issn=1055-2715&rft.aulast=Whoriskey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.detnews.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20061004%2FNATION%2F610040366%2F1020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since April 2012">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-underwatertimes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-underwatertimes_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwatertimes.com_News_Service2006" class="citation news">Underwatertimes.com News Service (August 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=36210951740">"Two Million Tire Artificial Reef to be Removed Off Florida Coast; Smothering Corals"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=UnderwaterTimes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UnderwaterTimes (page does not exist)">UnderwaterTimes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UnderwaterTimes&rft.atitle=Two+Million+Tire+Artificial+Reef+to+be+Removed+Off+Florida+Coast%3B+Smothering+Corals&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft.au=Underwatertimes.com+News+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.underwatertimes.com%2Fnews.php%3Farticle_id%3D36210951740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-official_site-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-official_site_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myfwc.com/Conservation/Conserv_Progs_Habitat_Saltwater_reef_results.asp?county=Broward">"Artificial Reefs Information"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee, Florida</a>, USA: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida_Fish_and_Wildlife_Conservation_Commission" title="Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission">Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artificial+Reefs+Information&rft.place=Tallahassee%2C+Florida%2C+USA&rft.pub=Florida+Fish+and+Wildlife+Conservation+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyfwc.com%2FConservation%2FConserv_Progs_Habitat_Saltwater_reef_results.asp%3Fcounty%3DBroward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NPR20070705-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR20070705_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR20070705_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR20070705_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2007" class="citation news">Allen, Greg (July 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11462066">"Fallout from Bad '70s Idea: Auto Tires in Ocean Reef"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(streaming audio)</span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morning+Edition&rft.atitle=Fallout+from+Bad+%2770s+Idea%3A+Auto+Tires+in+Ocean+Reef&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D11462066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-npr-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npr_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel2006" class="citation news"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Siegel" title="Robert Siegel">Siegel, Robert</a> (September 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6112016">"Throwing In the Towel on Florida's Tire Reef"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(streaming audio)</span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.atitle=Throwing+In+the+Towel+on+Florida%27s+Tire+Reef&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6112016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DEP-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DEP_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"History and Overview of the Osborne Reef Waste Tire Removal Pilot Project". Florida Department of Environmental Protection. March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+and+Overview+of+the+Osborne+Reef+Waste+Tire+Removal+Pilot+Project&rft.date=2007-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Local10AP-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Local10AP_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2015" class="citation news">Associated Press (May 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.local10.com/news/divers-start-2year-16m-project-to-remove-thousands-of-tires-in-failed-ocean-reef-project/33072242">"Divers start 2-year, $1.6M project to remove thousands of tires in failed ocean reef project"</a>. <i>Local10.com</i>. WPLG Miami<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Local10.com&rft.atitle=Divers+start+2-year%2C+%241.6M+project+to+remove+thousands+of+tires+in+failed+ocean+reef+project&rft.date=2015-05-17&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.local10.com%2Fnews%2Fdivers-start-2year-16m-project-to-remove-thousands-of-tires-in-failed-ocean-reef-project%2F33072242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-USN-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USN_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USN_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMass_Communication_Specialist_1st_Class_(SW)_Phil_Beaufort2007" class="citation web">Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class (SW) Phil Beaufort (June 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070706143440/http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=30010">"MDSU 2, DOD Divers Train to Improve Environment"</a>. <i>Navy NewsStand</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=30010">the original</a> on July 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navy+NewsStand&rft.atitle=MDSU+2%2C+DOD+Divers+Train+to+Improve+Environment&rft.date=2007-06-13&rft.au=Mass+Communication+Specialist+1st+Class+%28SW%29+Phil+Beaufort&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.navy.mil%2Fsearch%2Fdisplay.asp%3Fstory_id%3D30010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TFTU20080530-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TFTU20080530_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFTU20080530_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSkoloff2008" class="citation news">Skoloff, Brian (May 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531092802/http://www.jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/053008/D9106NI05.shtml">"Efforts to remove artificial tire reef ends for season"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Florida_Times-Union" title="The Florida Times-Union">The Florida Times-Union</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>, US: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morris_Communications" title="Morris Communications">Morris Communications</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0740-2325">0740-2325</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/053008/D9106NI05.shtml">the original</a> on May 31, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florida+Times-Union&rft.atitle=Efforts+to+remove+artificial+tire+reef+ends+for+season&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.issn=0740-2325&rft.aulast=Skoloff&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksonville.com%2Fapnews%2Fstories%2F053008%2FD9106NI05.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ARCENT20090813-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARCENT20090813_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARCENT20090813_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARCENT20090813_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSPC_Torbush2009" class="citation news">SPC Torbush, Alicia (August 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927061627/http://www.arcent.army.mil/news/feature-stories/2009-archive/august/86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-(august-13).aspx">"86th Engineer Dive Team commander receives Coastal America Partnership Award"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Camp_Patriot,_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Patriot, Kuwait (page does not exist)">Camp Patriot, Kuwait</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Third United States Army">ARCENT</a>. 20th Public Affairs Detachment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcent.army.mil/news/feature-stories/2009-archive/august/86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-%28august-13%29.aspx">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=86th+Engineer+Dive+Team+commander+receives+Coastal+America+Partnership+Award&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft.aulast=SPC+Torbush&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcent.army.mil%2Fnews%2Ffeature-stories%2F2009-archive%2Faugust%2F86th-engineer-dive-team-commander-receives-coastal-america-partnership-award-%2528august-13%2529.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PIE20090813-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIE20090813_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pineisland-eagle.com/page/content.detail/id/506227/Florida-Artificial-Tire-Reef-Cleanup-Team-receives-Coastal-America-Award-and-recognition-from-President-Obama.html?nav=5051">"Florida Artificial Tire Reef Cleanup Team receives Coastal America Award and recognition from President Obama"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Pine_Island_Eagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pine Island Eagle (page does not exist)">Pine Island Eagle</a></i>. August 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pine+Island+Eagle&rft.atitle=Florida+Artificial+Tire+Reef+Cleanup+Team+receives+Coastal+America+Award+and+recognition+from+President+Obama&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pineisland-eagle.com%2Fpage%2Fcontent.detail%2Fid%2F506227%2FFlorida-Artificial-Tire-Reef-Cleanup-Team-receives-Coastal-America-Award-and-recognition-from-President-Obama.html%3Fnav%3D5051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SFSS20090724-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFSS20090724_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFleshler2009" class="citation news">Fleshler, David (July 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828104048/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/fort-lauderdale/sfl-tire-reefs-b072409,0,2935546.story">"Divers salvage tires in failed artificial reef"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Florida_Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Florida Sun-Sentinel">South Florida Sun-Sentinel</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale, Florida</a>, US: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tribune_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribune Company">Tribune Company</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0744-8139">0744-8139</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/fort-lauderdale/sfl-tire-reefs-b072409,0,2935546.story">the original</a> on August 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Divers+salvage+tires+in+failed+artificial+reef&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.issn=0744-8139&rft.aulast=Fleshler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Fbroward%2Ffort-lauderdale%2Fsfl-tire-reefs-b072409%2C0%2C2935546.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-WTSP-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WTSP_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeppard2009" class="citation news">Peppard, Jim (August 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130209142916/http://www.wtsp.com/news/mostpop/story.aspx?storyid=111967&provider=top">"Florida tire reef removal ends for the year"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a>, US: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WTSP" title="WTSP">WTSP</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wtsp.com/news/mostpop/story.aspx?storyid=111967&provider=top">the original</a> on February 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Florida+tire+reef+removal+ends+for+the+year&rft.date=2009-08-21&rft.aulast=Peppard&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtsp.com%2Fnews%2Fmostpop%2Fstory.aspx%3Fstoryid%3D111967%26provider%3Dtop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOsborne+Reef" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Underwater_diving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Underwater_diving" title="Template:Underwater diving"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Underwater_diving" title="Template talk:Underwater diving"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Underwater_diving&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">Underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Diving_modes&#95;_**_Atmospheric_pressure_diving_**_Freediving_**_Saturation_diving&#95;_**_Scuba_diving_**_Snorkeling_**_Surface-supplied_diving&#95;_**_Unmanned_diving">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving mode">Diving modes</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric pressure diving">Atmospheric pressure diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturation_diving" title="Saturation diving">Saturation diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving" title="Surface-supplied diving">Surface-supplied diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unmanned_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned diving">Unmanned diving</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_equipment" title="Diving equipment">Diving equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)" title="Snorkel (swimming)">Snorkel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breathing_gas" title="Breathing gas">Breathing gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bailout_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailout gas">Bailout gas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bottom_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom gas">Bottom gas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breathing_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing air">Breathing air</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression gas">Decompression gas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emergency_gas_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency gas supply">Emergency gas supply</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heliox" title="Heliox">Heliox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nitrox" title="Nitrox">Nitrox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel gas">Travel gas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trimix_(breathing_gas)" title="Trimix (breathing gas)">Trimix</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buoyancy and<br />trim equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buoyancy_control_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Buoyancy control device">Buoyancy control device</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Power_inflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Power inflator">Power inflator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dump_valve_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dump valve (diving)">Dump valve</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_weighting_system" title="Diving weighting system">Diving weighting system</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ankle_weights_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankle weights (diving)">Ankle weights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Integrated_weights" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated weights">Integrated weights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trim_weights_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trim weights (diving)">Trim weights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weight_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight belt">Weight belt</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_equipment" title="Decompression equipment">Decompression<br />equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_buoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression buoy">Decompression buoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression cylinder">Decompression cylinder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_trapeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression trapeze">Decompression trapeze</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_computer" title="Dive computer">Dive computer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_shot" title="Diving shot">Diving shot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jersey_upline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey upline">Jersey upline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonline">Jonline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_suit" title="Diving suit">Diving suit</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit" title="Atmospheric diving suit">Atmospheric diving suit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sladen_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sladen suit">Sladen suit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_diving_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard diving suit">Standard diving suit</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rash_vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rash vest">Rash vest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_skins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive skins">Dive skins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hot-water_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-water suit">Hot-water suit</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helmets<br />and masks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-fog" title="Anti-fog">Anti-fog</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving helmet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free-flow_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-flow helmet">Free-flow helmet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lightweight_demand_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightweight demand helmet">Lightweight demand helmet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orinasal_mask" title="Orinasal mask">Orinasal mask</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reclaim_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaim helmet">Reclaim helmet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shallow_water_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shallow water helmet">Shallow water helmet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_diving_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard diving helmet">Standard diving helmet</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Band_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Band mask">Band mask</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Full-face_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-face mask">Full-face mask</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Half_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Half mask">Half mask</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bottom_timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom timer">Bottom timer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Depth_gauge" title="Depth gauge">Depth gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_computer" title="Dive computer">Dive computer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive timer">Dive timer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_watch" title="Diving watch">Diving watch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pneumofathometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumofathometer">Pneumofathometer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Submersible_pressure_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Submersible pressure gauge">Submersible pressure gauge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobility<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Closed_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed bell">Closed bell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wet_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet bell">Wet bell</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfin</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monofin" title="Monofin">Monofin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Towboard" title="Towboard">Towboard</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diverpropulsionvehicle" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_propulsion_vehicle" title="Diver propulsion vehicle">Diver<br />propulsion<br />vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Advanced_SEAL_Delivery_System" title="Advanced SEAL Delivery System">Advanced SEAL Delivery System</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosmos_CE2F_series" title="Cosmos CE2F series">Cosmos CE2F series</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dry_Combat_Submersible" title="Dry Combat Submersible">Dry Combat Submersible</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">Human torpedo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Motorised_Submersible_Canoe" title="Motorised Submersible Canoe">Motorised Submersible Canoe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Necker_Nymph" title="Necker Nymph">Necker Nymph</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/R-2_Mala-class_swimmer_delivery_vehicle" title="R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle">R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SEAL_Delivery_Vehicle" title="SEAL Delivery Vehicle">SEAL Delivery Vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shallow_Water_Combat_Submersible" title="Shallow Water Combat Submersible">Shallow Water Combat Submersible</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siluro_San_Bartolomeo" title="Siluro San Bartolomeo">Siluro San Bartolomeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wet_Nellie" title="Wet Nellie">Wet Nellie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wet_sub" title="Wet sub">Wet sub</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_air_source" title="Alternative air source">Alternative air source</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bailout_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailout block">Bailout block</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bailout_bottle" title="Bailout bottle">Bailout bottle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bolt_snap" title="Bolt snap">Bolt snap</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddy line">Buddy line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_light" title="Dive light">Dive light</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver%27s_cutting_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's cutting tool">Diver's cutting tool</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver%27s_knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's knife">Diver's knife</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver%27s_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's telephone">Diver's telephone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Through-water_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Through-water communications">Through-water communications</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_safety_harness" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving safety harness">Diving safety harness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emergency_gas_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency gas supply">Emergency gas supply</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lifeline_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifeline (diving)">Lifeline</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Screw_gate_carabiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw gate carabiner">Screw gate carabiner</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Octopus_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Octopus regulator">Octopus regulator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_locator_beacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal locator beacon">Personal locator beacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pony_bottle" title="Pony bottle">Pony bottle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rescue_tether" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescue tether">Rescue tether</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safety_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety helmet">Safety helmet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shark-proof_cage" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark-proof cage">Shark-proof cage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snoopy_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Snoopy loop">Snoopy loop</a></li>
<li>Navigation equipment
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Distance_line" title="Distance line">Distance line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving compass">Diving compass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_reel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive reel">Dive reel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Line_marker" title="Line marker">Line marker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surface_marker_buoy" title="Surface marker buoy">Surface marker buoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silt_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Silt screw">Silt screw</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_breathing_apparatus" title="Underwater breathing apparatus">Underwater<br />breathing<br />apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit" title="Atmospheric diving suit">Atmospheric diving suit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_cylinder" title="Diving cylinder">Diving cylinder</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burst_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Burst disc">Burst disc</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_cylinder#The_cylinder_valve" title="Diving cylinder">Diving cylinder valve</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving helmet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reclaim_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaim helmet">Reclaim helmet</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_regulator" title="Diving regulator">Diving regulator</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mechanism_of_diving_regulators" title="Mechanism of diving regulators">Mechanism of diving regulators</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regulator_malfunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulator malfunction">Regulator malfunction</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regulator_freeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulator freeze">Regulator freeze</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Single-hose_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-hose regulator">Single-hose regulator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twin-hose_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin-hose regulator">Twin-hose regulator</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Full_face_diving_mask" title="Full face diving mask">Full face diving mask</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open-circuit_scuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-circuit scuba">Open-circuit<br />scuba</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_set" title="Scuba set">Scuba set</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bailout_bottle" title="Bailout bottle">Bailout bottle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression cylinder">Decompression cylinder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent doubles">Independent doubles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manifolded_twin_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifolded twin set">Manifolded twin set</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_manifold" title="Scuba manifold">Scuba manifold</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pony_bottle" title="Pony bottle">Pony bottle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_configuration" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba configuration">Scuba configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sidemount" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidemount">Sidemount</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sling_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling cylinder">Sling cylinder</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rebreather_diving" title="Rebreather diving">Diving<br />rebreathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber" title="Carbon dioxide scrubber">Carbon dioxide scrubber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carleton_CDBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Carleton CDBA">Carleton CDBA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CDLSE" class="mw-redirect" title="CDLSE">CDLSE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cryogenic_rebreather" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic rebreather">Cryogenic rebreather</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CUMA" title="CUMA">CUMA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSEA" class="mw-redirect" title="DSEA">DSEA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ger_Dolphin" title="Dräger Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electro-galvanic_oxygen_sensor" title="Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor">Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FROGS_(rebreather)" title="FROGS (rebreather)">FROGS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halcyon_PVR-BASC" title="Halcyon PVR-BASC">Halcyon PVR-BASC</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halcyon_RB80" title="Halcyon RB80">Halcyon RB80</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IDA71" title="IDA71">IDA71</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interspiro_DCSC" title="Interspiro DCSC">Interspiro DCSC</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/KISS_(rebreather)" title="KISS (rebreather)">KISS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LAR-5" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-5">LAR-5</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LAR-6" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-6">LAR-6</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LAR-V" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-V">LAR-V</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lambertsen_Amphibious_Respiratory_Unit" title="Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit">LARU</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ger_Ray" title="Dräger Ray">Ray</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siebe_Gorman_CDBA" title="Siebe Gorman CDBA">Siebe Gorman CDBA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siva_(rebreather)" title="Siva (rebreather)">Siva</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Viper_(rebreather)" title="Viper (rebreather)">Viper</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface-supplied diving equipment">Surface-supplied<br />diving equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_line" title="Air line">Air line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver%27s_umbilical" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's umbilical">Diver's umbilical</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_air_compressor" title="Diving air compressor">Diving air compressor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas panel">Gas panel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hookah_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hookah (diving)">Hookah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba replacement">Scuba replacement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Trek_(diving_system)" title="Sea Trek (diving system)">Sea Trek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snuba" title="Snuba">Snuba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_diving_dress" title="Standard diving dress">Standard diving dress</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escape_set" title="Escape set">Escape set</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Davis_Submerged_Escape_Apparatus" title="Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus">Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Momsen_lung" title="Momsen lung">Momsen lung</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steinke_hood" title="Steinke hood">Steinke hood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Submarine_Escape_Immersion_Equipment" title="Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment">Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment</a></li>
<li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving<br />equipment<br />manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AP_Diving" title="AP Diving">AP Diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apeks" title="Apeks">Apeks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aqua_Lung_America" title="Aqua Lung America">Aqua Lung America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aqua_Lung/La_Spirotechnique" title="Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique">Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beuchat" title="Beuchat">Beuchat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cavalero" title="René Cavalero">René Cavalero</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cis-Lunar" title="Cis-Lunar">Cis-Lunar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cressi-Sub" title="Cressi-Sub">Cressi-Sub</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dacor_(scuba_diving)" title="Dacor (scuba diving)">Dacor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DESCO" title="DESCO">DESCO</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_Xtras" title="Dive Xtras">Dive Xtras</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divex" title="Divex">Divex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Unlimited_International" title="Diving Unlimited International">Diving Unlimited International</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dr%C3%A4gerwerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drägerwerk">Drägerwerk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fenzy" title="Fenzy">Fenzy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maurice_Fernez" title="Maurice Fernez">Maurice Fernez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Ferraro_(naval_officer)" title="Luigi Ferraro (naval officer)">Technisub</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_Gugen" title="Oscar Gugen">Oscar Gugen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heinke_(diving_equipment_manufacturer)" title="Heinke (diving equipment manufacturer)">Heinke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HeinrichsWeikamp" title="HeinrichsWeikamp">HeinrichsWeikamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnson_Outdoors" title="Johnson Outdoors">Johnson Outdoors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mares_(scuba_equipment)" title="Mares (scuba equipment)">Mares</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morse_Diving" title="Morse Diving">Morse Diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nemrod" title="Nemrod">Nemrod</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oceanic_Worldwide" title="Oceanic Worldwide">Oceanic Worldwide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Trek_(diving_system)" title="Sea Trek (diving system)">Sub Sea Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shearwater_Research" title="Shearwater Research">Shearwater Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siebe_Gorman" title="Siebe Gorman">Siebe Gorman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Submarine_Products" title="Submarine Products">Submarine Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suunto" title="Suunto">Suunto</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_support_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_support_equipment" title="Diving support equipment">Diving support equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Access equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boarding_stirrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding stirrup">Boarding stirrup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving ladder">Diving ladder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_platform_(scuba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving platform (scuba)">Diving platform (scuba)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downline_(diving)" title="Downline (diving)">Downline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackstay" title="Jackstay">Jackstay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch and recovery system (diving)">Launch and recovery system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Messenger_line" title="Messenger line">Messenger line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_pool" title="Moon pool">Moon pool</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breathing gas<br />handling</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_air_compressor#Filtration" title="Diving air compressor">Air filtration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber" title="Carbon dioxide scrubber">Carbon dioxide scrubber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cascade_filling_system" title="Cascade filling system">Cascade filling system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver%27s_pump" title="Diver's pump">Diver's pump</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_air_compressor" title="Diving air compressor">Diving air compressor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_air_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving air filter">Diving air filter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_pressure_breathing_air_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="High pressure breathing air compressor">High pressure breathing air compressor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_pressure_breathing_air_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low pressure breathing air compressor">Low pressure breathing air compressor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_blending" title="Gas blending">Gas blending</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving" title="Gas blending for scuba diving">Gas blending for scuba diving</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas panel">Gas panel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_reclaim_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas reclaim system">Gas reclaim system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_storage_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage bank">Gas storage bank</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_storage_quad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage quad">Gas storage quad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_storage_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage tube">Gas storage tube</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helium_analyzer" title="Helium analyzer">Helium analyzer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nitrox_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrox production">Nitrox production</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Membrane_gas_separation" title="Membrane gas separation">Membrane gas separation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pressure_swing_adsorption" title="Pressure swing adsorption">Pressure swing adsorption</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_analyser" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen analyser">Oxygen analyser</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_compatibility" title="Oxygen compatibility">Oxygen compatibility</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_equipment" title="Decompression equipment">Decompression<br />equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Built-in_breathing_system" title="Built-in breathing system">Built-in breathing system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression tables">Decompression tables</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bell_cursor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell cursor">Bell cursor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Closed_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed bell">Closed bell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clump_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Clump weight">Clump weight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch and recovery system (diving)">Launch and recovery system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wet_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet bell">Wet bell</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_chamber" title="Diving chamber">Diving chamber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_Dive_Planner" title="Recreational Dive Planner">Recreational Dive Planner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation system">Saturation system</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_boat" title="Dive boat">Dive boat</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combat_Rubber_Raiding_Craft" title="Combat Rubber Raiding Craft">Combat Rubber Raiding Craft</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liveaboard" title="Liveaboard">Liveaboard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Subskimmer" title="Subskimmer">Subskimmer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(K07)" title="HMS Challenger (K07)">HMS Challenger (K07)</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Underwaterhabitat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_habitat" title="Underwater habitat">Underwater<br />habitat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquarius_Reef_Base" title="Aquarius Reef Base">Aquarius Reef Base</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Continental_Shelf_Station_Two" title="Continental Shelf Station Two">Continental Shelf Station Two</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helgoland_Habitat" title="Helgoland Habitat">Helgoland Habitat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jules%27_Undersea_Lodge" title="Jules' Undersea Lodge">Jules' Undersea Lodge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Carpenter_Space_Analog_Station" title="Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station">Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SEALAB" title="SEALAB">SEALAB</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tektite_habitat" title="Tektite habitat">Tektite habitat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated<br />underwater vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/8A4-class_ROUV" title="8A4-class ROUV">8A4-class ROUV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABISMO" title="ABISMO">ABISMO</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantis_ROV_Team" title="Atlantis ROV Team">Atlantis ROV Team</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CURV" title="CURV">CURV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_Drone" title="Deep Drone">Deep Drone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C3%89paulard" title="Épaulard">Épaulard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Explorer_ROV" title="Global Explorer ROV">Global Explorer ROV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goldfish-class_ROUV" title="Goldfish-class ROUV">Goldfish-class ROUV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaik%C5%8D_ROV" title="Kaikō ROV">Kaikō ROV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long-Term_Mine_Reconnaissance_System" title="Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System">Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mini_Rover_ROV" title="Mini Rover ROV">Mini Rover ROV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/OpenROV" title="OpenROV">OpenROV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ROV_KIEL_6000" title="ROV KIEL 6000">ROV KIEL 6000</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ROV_PHOCA" title="ROV PHOCA">ROV PHOCA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scorpio_ROV" title="Scorpio ROV">Scorpio ROV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Dragon-class_ROV" title="Sea Dragon-class ROV">Sea Dragon-class ROV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seabed_tractor" title="Seabed tractor">Seabed tractor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seafox_drone" title="Seafox drone">Seafox drone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seahorse_ROUV" title="Seahorse ROUV">Seahorse ROUV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SeaPerch" title="SeaPerch">SeaPerch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SJT-class_ROUV" title="SJT-class ROUV">SJT-class ROUV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/T1200_Trenching_Unit" title="T1200 Trenching Unit">T1200 Trenching Unit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VideoRay_UROVs" title="VideoRay UROVs">VideoRay UROVs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_down_flag" title="Diver down flag">Diver down flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_shot" title="Diving shot">Diving shot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbaric_lifeboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbaric lifeboat">Hyperbaric lifeboat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbaric_stretcher" title="Hyperbaric stretcher">Hyperbaric stretcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackstay_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackstay (diving)">Jackstay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonline">Jonline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reserve_gas_supply_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve gas supply (diving)">Reserve gas supply</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving spread">Diving spread</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Air spread">Air spread</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturation_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation spread">Saturation spread</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hot_water_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot water system (diving)">Hot water system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_positioning_system" title="Underwater acoustic positioning system">Underwater acoustic positioning system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_communication" title="Underwater acoustic communication">Underwater acoustic communication</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Freediving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)" title="Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)">Aquathlon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apnoea_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Apnoea finswimming">Apnoea finswimming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_ice_hockey" title="Underwater ice hockey">Underwater ice hockey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_target_shooting" title="Underwater target shooting">Underwater target shooting</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nordic_Deep" title="Nordic Deep">Nordic Deep</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vertical_Blue" title="Vertical Blue">Vertical Blue</a></li>
<li>Disciplines
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constant_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant weight">Constant weight</a> (CWT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constant_weight_without_fins" title="Constant weight without fins">Constant weight without fins</a> (CNF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dynamic_apnea" title="Dynamic apnea">Dynamic apnea</a> (DYN)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dynamic_apnea_without_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic apnea without fins">Dynamic apnea without fins</a> (DNF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_immersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Free immersion">Free immersion</a> (FIM)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/No-limits_apnea" title="No-limits apnea">No-limits apnea</a> (NLT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Static_apnea" title="Static apnea">Static apnea</a> (STA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skandalopetra_diving" title="Skandalopetra diving">Skandalopetra diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Variable_weight_apnea" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable weight apnea">Variable weight apnea</a> (VWT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Variable_weight_apnea_without_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable weight apnea without fins">Variable weight apnea without fins</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_suit" title="Diving suit">Diving suit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)" title="Snorkel (swimming)">Snorkel (swimming)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfins</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monofin" title="Monofin">Monofin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_polo_cap" title="Water polo cap">Water polo cap</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freedivers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah_Andollo" title="Deborah Andollo">Deborah Andollo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peppo_Biscarini" title="Peppo Biscarini">Peppo Biscarini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sara_Campbell" title="Sara Campbell">Sara Campbell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derya_Can_G%C3%B6%C3%A7en" class="mw-redirect" title="Derya Can Göçen">Derya Can Göçen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goran_%C4%8Colak" title="Goran Čolak">Goran Čolak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlos_Coste" title="Carlos Coste">Carlos Coste</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Croft_(diver)" title="Robert Croft (diver)">Robert Croft</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mandy-Rae_Cruickshank" title="Mandy-Rae Cruickshank">Mandy-Rae Cruickshank</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yasemin_Dalk%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Yasemin Dalkılıç">Yasemin Dalkılıç</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_D%27Imporzano" title="Leonardo D'Imporzano">Leonardo D'Imporzano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flavia_Eberhard" title="Flavia Eberhard">Flavia Eberhard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%9Eahika_Erc%C3%BCmen" title="Şahika Ercümen">Şahika Ercümen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_Farrell_(freediver)" title="Emma Farrell (freediver)">Emma Farrell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francisco_Ferreras" title="Francisco Ferreras">Francisco Ferreras</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Frolla" title="Pierre Frolla">Pierre Frolla</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flavia_Eberhard" title="Flavia Eberhard">Flavia Eberhard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mehgan_Heaney-Grier" title="Mehgan Heaney-Grier">Mehgan Heaney-Grier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elisabeth_Kristoffersen" title="Elisabeth Kristoffersen">Elisabeth Kristoffersen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme" title="Loïc Leferme">Loïc Leferme</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enzo_Maiorca" title="Enzo Maiorca">Enzo Maiorca</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Mayol" title="Jacques Mayol">Jacques Mayol</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Audrey_Mestre" title="Audrey Mestre">Audrey Mestre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karol_Meyer" title="Karol Meyer">Karol Meyer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mifsud" title="Stéphane Mifsud">Stéphane Mifsud</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexey_Molchanov" title="Alexey Molchanov">Alexey Molchanov</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalia_Molchanova" title="Natalia Molchanova">Natalia Molchanova</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Mullins_(freediver)" title="Dave Mullins (freediver)">Dave Mullins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_Musimu" title="Patrick Musimu">Patrick Musimu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guillaume_N%C3%A9ry" title="Guillaume Néry">Guillaume Néry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Nitsch" title="Herbert Nitsch">Herbert Nitsch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Pelizzari" title="Umberto Pelizzari">Umberto Pelizzari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annelie_Pompe" title="Annelie Pompe">Annelie Pompe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michal_Risian" title="Michal Risian">Michal Risian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stig_Severinsen" title="Stig Severinsen">Stig Severinsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Sietas" title="Tom Sietas">Tom Sietas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aharon_Solomons" title="Aharon Solomons">Aharon Solomons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0t%C4%9Bp%C3%A1nek_(free-diver)" title="Martin Štěpánek (free-diver)">Martin Štěpánek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Steyn" title="Walter Steyn">Walter Steyn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tanya_Streeter" title="Tanya Streeter">Tanya Streeter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Trubridge" title="William Trubridge">William Trubridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devrim_Cenk_Ulusoy" title="Devrim Cenk Ulusoy">Devrim Cenk Ulusoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danai_Varveri" title="Danai Varveri">Danai Varveri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessia_Zecchini" title="Alessia Zecchini">Alessia Zecchini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nataliia_Zharkova" title="Nataliia Zharkova">Nataliia Zharkova</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazards</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving_blackout" title="Freediving blackout">Freediving blackout</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep-water_blackout" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-water blackout">Deep-water blackout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving_blackout#Terminology" title="Freediving blackout">Shallow-water blackout</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Octopus_wrestling" title="Octopus wrestling">Octopus wrestling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_underwater_swimming" title="Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming">Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Underwater_Federation" title="Australian Underwater Federation">Australian Underwater Federation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Freediving_Association" title="British Freediving Association">British Freediving Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performance_Freediving_International" title="Performance Freediving International">Performance Freediving International</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Professional_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_diving" title="Professional diving">Professional diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercial_diving" title="Commercial diving">Commercial diving</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercial_offshore_diving" title="Commercial offshore diving">Commercial offshore diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazmat_diving" title="Hazmat diving">Hazmat diving</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divemaster" title="Divemaster">Divemaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_safety_officer" title="Diving safety officer">Diving safety officer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_superintendent" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving superintendent">Diving superintendent</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_diving" title="Media diving">Media diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Police_diving" title="Police diving">Police diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_safety_diving" title="Public safety diving">Public safety diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scientific_diving" title="Scientific diving">Scientific diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Military_diving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Military diving</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Army_engineer_diver" title="Army engineer diver">Army engineer diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clearance_diver" title="Clearance diver">Clearance diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_military_divers" title="United States military divers">United States military divers</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Navy_diver_(United_States_Navy)" title="Navy diver (United States Navy)">U.S. Navy diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_diver_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master diver (United States Navy)">U.S.Navy master diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">United States Navy SEALs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_Demolition_Team" title="Underwater Demolition Team">Underwater Demolition Team</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_work" title="Underwater work">Underwater work</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercial_offshore_diving" title="Commercial offshore diving">Commercial offshore diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_leader" title="Dive leader">Dive guide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver training</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_diver_training" title="Recreational diver training">Recreational diver training</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbaric_welding" title="Hyperbaric welding">Hyperbaric welding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nondestructive_testing" title="Nondestructive testing">Nondestructive testing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Police_diving" title="Police diving">Police diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_safety_diving" title="Public safety diving">Public safety diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scientific_diving" title="Scientific diving">Scientific diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sponge_diving" title="Sponge diving">Sponge diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Submarine_pipeline" title="Submarine pipeline">Submarine pipeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_demolition" title="Underwater demolition">Underwater demolition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_search_and_recovery" title="Underwater search and recovery">Underwater search and recovery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_videography" title="Underwater videography">Underwater videography</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Salvage_diving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvage_diving" title="Salvage diving">Salvage diving</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Egypt" title="SS Egypt">SS <i>Egypt</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kronan_(ship)" title="Kronan (ship)"><i>Kronan</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Belle_(ship)" title="La Belle (ship)"><i>La Belle</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Laurentic_(1908)" title="SS Laurentic (1908)">SS <i>Laurentic</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swedish_warship_Mars" title="Swedish warship Mars"><i>Mars</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Rose" title="Mary Rose"><i>Mary Rose</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1756)" title="HMS Royal George (1756)">HMS <i>Royal George</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vasa_(ship)" title="Vasa (ship)"><i>Vasa</i></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving contractor">Diving contractors</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compagnie_maritime_d%27expertises" title="Compagnie maritime d'expertises">COMEX</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helix_Energy_Solutions_Group" title="Helix Energy Solutions Group">Helix Energy Solutions Group</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools & equipment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Abrasive_waterjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abrasive waterjet (page does not exist)">Abrasive waterjet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airlift_(dredging_device)" title="Airlift (dredging device)">Airlift</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baited_remote_underwater_video" title="Baited remote underwater video">Baited remote underwater video</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/In-water_surface_cleaning" title="In-water surface cleaning">In-water surface cleaning</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brush_cart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brush cart (page does not exist)">Brush cart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cavitation_cleaning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavitation cleaning (page does not exist)">Cavitation cleaning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pressure_washing" title="Pressure washing">Pressure washing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pigging" title="Pigging">Pigging</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lifting_bag" title="Lifting bag">Lifting bag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated underwater vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thermal_lance" title="Thermal lance">Thermal lance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tremie" title="Tremie">Tremie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Water_jetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water jetting (page does not exist)">Water jetting</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />weapons</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Limpet_mine" title="Limpet mine">Limpet mine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Underwaterfirearm" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_firearm" title="Underwater firearm">Underwater<br />firearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gyrojet" title="Gyrojet">Gyrojet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mk_1_Underwater_Defense_Gun" title="Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun">Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Powerhead_(firearm)" title="Powerhead (firearm)">Powerhead</a></li>
<li>Underwater pistols
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_P11" title="Heckler & Koch P11">Heckler & Koch P11</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SPP-1_underwater_pistol" title="SPP-1 underwater pistol">SPP-1 underwater pistol</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Underwater revolvers
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AAI_underwater_revolver" title="AAI underwater revolver">AAI underwater revolver</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Underwater rifles
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ADS_amphibious_rifle" title="ADS amphibious rifle">ADS amphibious rifle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/APS_underwater_rifle" title="APS underwater rifle">APS underwater rifle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ASM-DT_amphibious_rifle" title="ASM-DT amphibious rifle">ASM-DT amphibious rifle</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Recreational_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_diving" title="Recreational diving">Recreational diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialties</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altitude_diving" title="Altitude diving">Altitude diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_diving" title="Deep diving">Deep diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_diving" title="Ice diving">Ice diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muck_diving" title="Muck diving">Muck diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open-water_diving" title="Open-water diving">Open-water diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rebreather_diving" title="Rebreather diving">Rebreather diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sidemount_diving" title="Sidemount diving">Sidemount diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solo_diving" title="Solo diving">Solo diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_diving" title="Technical diving">Technical diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">Wreck diving</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diver<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia" title="Cave Divers Association of Australia">Cave Divers Association of Australia</a> (CDAA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_Diving_Group" title="Cave Diving Group">Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a> (CFT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a> (FEDAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a> (FFESSM)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers" title="International Association for Handicapped Divers">International Association for Handicapped Divers</a> (IAHD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_for_Cave_Diving" title="National Association for Cave Diving">National Association for Cave Diving</a> (NACD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodville_Karst_Plain_Project" title="Woodville Karst Plain Project">Woodville Karst Plain Project</a> (WKPP)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving tourism<br />industry</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba diving tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shark_tourism" title="Shark tourism">Shark tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">Sinking ships for wreck diving sites</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational<br />dive sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reef diving<br />regions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arrecifes_de_Cozumel_National_Park" title="Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park">Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISimangaliso_Marine_Protected_Area" title="ISimangaliso Marine Protected Area">iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poor_Knights_Islands" title="Poor Knights Islands">Poor Knights Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reef dive<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">Artificial reef</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef" title="Gibraltar Artificial Reef">Gibraltar Artificial Reef</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shark_River_Reef" title="Shark River Reef">Shark River Reef</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Osborne Reef</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palancar_Reef" title="Palancar Reef">Palancar Reef</a></li>
<li>Underwater artworks
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_Underwater_Museum" title="Cancún Underwater Museum">Cancún Underwater Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christ_of_the_Abyss" title="Christ of the Abyss">Christ of the Abyss</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Molinere_Underwater_Sculpture_Park" title="Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park">Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wreck diving<br />regions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuuk_Lagoon" title="Chuuk Lagoon">Chuuk Lagoon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maritime_Heritage_Trail_%E2%80%93_Battle_of_Saipan" title="Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan">Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan_Underwater_Preserves" title="Michigan Underwater Preserves">Michigan Underwater Preserves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robben_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Robben Island Marine Protected Area">Robben Island Marine Protected Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulagi" title="Tulagi">Tulagi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulamben" title="Tulamben">Tulamben</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitefish_Point_Underwater_Preserve" title="Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve">Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wreck_Alley" title="Wreck Alley">Wreck Alley, San Diego</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wreck dive<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_A1" title="HMS A1">HMS <i>A1</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_A3" title="HMS A3">HMS <i>A3</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Aaron_Ward_(DD-483)" title="USS Aaron Ward (DD-483)">USS <i>Aaron Ward</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Abessinia_(1900)" title="SS Abessinia (1900)"><i>Abessinia</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Aeolian_Sky" title="MV Aeolian Sky"><i>Aeolian Sky</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Albert_C._Field" title="SS Albert C. Field"><i>Albert C. Field</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Andrea_Doria" title="SS Andrea Doria"><i>Andrea Doria</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Antilla_(1939)" title="SS Antilla (1939)"><i>Antilla</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Antilles" title="SS Antilles"><i>Antilles</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Aquila_(1940)" title="SS Aquila (1940)"><i>Aquila</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Arkansas_(BB-33)" title="USS Arkansas (BB-33)">USS <i>Arkansas</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Boadicea_(H65)" title="HMS Boadicea (H65)">HMS <i>Boadicea</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Bianca_C." title="MV Bianca C."><i>Bianca C.</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booya_(ship)" title="Booya (ship)">Booya</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMSAS_Bloemfontein" title="HMSAS Bloemfontein">HMSAS <i>Bloemfontein</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Breda" title="SS Breda"><i>Breda</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMAS_Brisbane_(D_41)" title="HMAS Brisbane (D 41)">HMAS <i>Brisbane</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMHS_Britannic" title="HMHS Britannic">HMHS <i>Britannic</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bungsberg_(ship)" title="Bungsberg (ship)">Bungsberg</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMAS_Canberra_(FFG_02)" title="HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)">HMAS <i>Canberra</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Carl_D._Bradley" title="SS Carl D. Bradley"><i>Carl D. Bradley</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Carnatic" title="SS Carnatic"><i>Carnatic</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SMS_Dresden_(1917)" title="SMS Dresden (1917)">SMS <i>Dresden</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Dunraven" title="SS Dunraven"><i>Dunraven</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Eastfield" title="SS Eastfield"><i>Eastfield</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMT_Elk_(1902)" title="HMT Elk (1902)">HMT <i>Elk</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Ellengowan" title="SS Ellengowan"><i>Ellengowan</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland" title="RMS Empress of Ireland">RMS <i>Empress of Ireland</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Falmouth_(1910)" title="HMS Falmouth (1910)">HMS <i>Falmouth</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fifi_shipwreck" title="Fifi shipwreck">Fifi</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Francisco_Morazan_(1922)" title="SS Francisco Morazan (1922)">SS <i>Francisco Morazan</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fujikawa_Maru" title="Fujikawa Maru">Fujikawa Maru</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Fumizuki_(1926)" title="Japanese destroyer Fumizuki (1926)">Fumizuki</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Thames_(1885)" title="HMS Thames (1885)">SATS <i>General Botha</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USNS_General_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg_(T-AGM-10)" title="USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg (T-AGM-10)">USNS <i>General Hoyt S. Vandenberg</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Ghurka_(1907)" title="HMS Ghurka (1907)">HMS <i>Ghurka</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glen_Strathallan" title="Glen Strathallan">Glen Strathallan</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SAS_Good_Hope" title="SAS Good Hope">SAS <i>Good Hope</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Gothenburg" title="SS Gothenburg"><i>Gothenburg</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herzogin_Cecilie" title="Herzogin Cecilie">Herzogin Cecilie</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hilma_Hooker" title="Hilma Hooker">Hilma Hooker</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Hispania_(1912)" title="SS Hispania (1912)"><i>Hispania</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Hood_(1891)" title="HMS Hood (1891)">HMS <i>Hood</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMAS_Hobart_(D_39)" title="HMAS Hobart (D 39)">HMAS <i>Hobart</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Igara_wreck" title="Igara wreck">Igara</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_James_Eagan_Layne" title="SS James Eagan Layne"><i>James Eagan Layne</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Captain_Keith_Tibbetts" class="mw-redirect" title="MV Captain Keith Tibbetts"><i>Captain Keith Tibbetts</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS_King_Cruiser" title="MS King Cruiser"><i>King Cruiser</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SMS_Kronprinz" title="SMS Kronprinz">SMS <i>Kronprinz</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kyarra" title="Kyarra">Kyarra</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Laforey_(1913)" title="HMS Laforey (1913)">HMS <i>Laforey</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USAT_Liberty" title="USAT Liberty">USAT <i>Liberty</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Louis_Sheid" title="SS Louis Sheid"><i>Louis Sheid</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_LST-507" title="USS LST-507">USS <i>LST-507</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SMS_Markgraf" title="SMS Markgraf">SMS <i>Markgraf</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS_Mikhail_Lermontov" title="MS Mikhail Lermontov"><i>Mikhail Lermontov</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_M2" title="HMS M2">HMS <i>M2</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Maine" title="SS Maine"><i>Maine</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Maloja" title="SS Maloja"><i>Maloja</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Maori_(F24)" title="HMS Maori (F24)">HMS <i>Maori</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marguerite_(ship)" title="Marguerite (ship)">Marguerite</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Mauna_Loa" title="SS Mauna Loa">SS <i>Mauna Loa</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USAT_Meigs" title="USAT Meigs">USAT <i>Meigs</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Mendi" title="SS Mendi"><i>Mendi</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USCGC_Mohawk_(WPG-78)" title="USCGC Mohawk (WPG-78)">USCGC <i>Mohawk</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Mohegan" title="SS Mohegan"><i>Mohegan</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RMS_Moldavia" title="RMS Moldavia">RMS <i>Moldavia</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Montagu_(1901)" title="HMS Montagu (1901)">HMS <i>Montagu</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_RMS_Mulheim" title="MV RMS Mulheim">MV <i>RMS Mulheim</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Nagato" title="Japanese battleship Nagato">Nagato</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Oceana_(1887)" title="SS Oceana (1887)"><i>Oceana</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Oriskany_(CV-34)" title="USS Oriskany (CV-34)">USS <i>Oriskany</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS_Oslofjord_(1938)" title="MS Oslofjord (1938)"><i>Oslofjord</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maltese_patrol_boat_P29" title="Maltese patrol boat P29">P29</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maltese_patrol_boat_P31" title="Maltese patrol boat P31">P31</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Pedernales" title="SS Pedernales"><i>Pedernales</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Persier_(1918)" title="SS Persier (1918)"><i>Persier</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMAS_Perth_(D_38)" title="HMAS Perth (D 38)">HMAS <i>Perth</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SAS_Pietermaritzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="SAS Pietermaritzburg">SAS <i>Pietermaritzburg</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="MS Piłsudski"><i>Piłsudski</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Pool_Fisher" title="MV Pool Fisher"><i>Pool Fisher</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Port_Napier" title="HMS Port Napier">HMS <i>Port Napier</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fen_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preußen (ship)">Preußen</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_President_Coolidge" title="SS President Coolidge"><i>President Coolidge</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PS_Queen_Victoria_(1838)" title="PS Queen Victoria (1838)">PS <i>Queen Victoria</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Radaas" title="SS Radaas"><i>Radaas</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)"><i>Rainbow Warrior</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RMS_Rhone" title="RMS Rhone">RMS <i>Rhone</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Rondo" title="SS Rondo"><i>Rondo</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Rosehill" title="SS Rosehill"><i>Rosehill</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Adelaide_(1865)" title="Royal Adelaide (1865)"><i>Royal Adelaide</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Charter_(ship)" title="Royal Charter (ship)">Royal Charter</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Rozi" title="MV Rozi"><i>Rozi</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Safari_(P211)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Safari (P211)">HMS <i>Safari</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Salem_Express" title="MV Salem Express"><i>Salem Express</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)">USS <i>Saratoga</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Scuffle_(AM-298)" title="USS Scuffle (AM-298)">USS <i>Scuffle</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Scylla_(F71)" title="HMS Scylla (F71)">HMS <i>Scylla</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Sidon_(P259)" title="HMS Sidon (P259)">HMS <i>Sidon</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Spiegel_Grove_(LSD-32)" title="USS Spiegel Grove (LSD-32)">USS <i>Spiegel Grove</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanegarth" title="Stanegarth">Stanegarth</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Stanwood" title="SS Stanwood"><i>Stanwood</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Stella_(1890)" title="SS Stella (1890)"><i>Stella</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMAS_Swan_(DE_50)" title="HMAS Swan (DE 50)">HMAS <i>Swan</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Tarpon_(SS-175)" title="USS Tarpon (SS-175)">USS <i>Tarpon</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Thesis" title="SS Thesis"><i>Thesis</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Thistlegorm" title="SS Thistlegorm"><i>Thistlegorm</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toa_Maru" title="Toa Maru">Toa Maru</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Torrey_Canyon" title="SS Torrey Canyon"><i>Torrey Canyon</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SAS_Transvaal" title="SAS Transvaal">SAS <i>Transvaal</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_submarine_U-40_(1938)" title="German submarine U-40 (1938)"><i>U-40</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_submarine_U-352" title="German submarine U-352"><i>U-352</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_submarine_U-1195" title="German submarine U-1195"><i>U-1195</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Um_El_Faroud" title="Um El Faroud">Um El Faroud</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Varvassi" title="SS Varvassi"><i>Varvassi</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Walter_L_M_Russ" title="SS Walter L M Russ"><i>Walter L M Russ</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Washingtonian_(1913)" title="SS Washingtonian (1913)"><i>Washingtonian (1913)</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMNZS_Wellington_(F69)" title="HMNZS Wellington (F69)">HMNZS <i>Wellington</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Yancey_(AKA-93)" title="USS Yancey (AKA-93)">USS <i>Yancey</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Yongala" title="SS Yongala"><i>Yongala</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS_Zenobia" title="MS Zenobia"><i>Zenobia</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SS_Zealandia_(1910)" title="SS Zealandia (1910)"><i>Zealandia</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zingara_(ship)" title="Zingara (ship)">Zingara</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cave diving<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinhoyi_Caves" title="Chinhoyi Caves">Chinhoyi Caves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devil%27s_Throat_at_Punta_Sur" title="Devil's Throat at Punta Sur">Devil's Throat at Punta Sur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Engelbrecht_Cave" title="Engelbrecht Cave">Engelbrecht Cave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fossil_Cave" title="Fossil Cave">Fossil Cave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piccaninnie_Ponds" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccaninnie Ponds">Piccaninnie Ponds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pollatoomary" title="Pollatoomary">Pollatoomary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistema_Ox_Bel_Ha" title="Sistema Ox Bel Ha">Sistema Ox Bel Ha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistema_Sac_Actun" title="Sistema Sac Actun">Sistema Sac Actun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistema_Dos_Ojos" title="Sistema Dos Ojos">Sistema Dos Ojos</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistema_Nohoch_Nah_Chich" title="Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich">Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freshwater<br />dives</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_Springs" title="Dutch Springs">Dutch Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ewens_Ponds" title="Ewens Ponds">Ewens Ponds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Blue_Lake" title="Little Blue Lake">Little Blue Lake</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Training sites</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capernwray_Dive_Centre" title="Capernwray Dive Centre">Capernwray Dive Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Diving_and_Activity_Centre" title="National Diving and Activity Centre">National Diving and Activity Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stoney_Cove" title="Stoney Cove">Stoney Cove</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open ocean<br />diving</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-water diving">Blue-water diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-water diving">Black-water diving</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_safety" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ergonomics_of_diving_equipment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergonomics of diving equipment (page does not exist)">Ergonomics of diving equipment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_safety" title="Human factors in diving safety">Human factors in diving safety</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Life-support_system" title="Life-support system">Life-support system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safety-critical_system" title="Safety-critical system">Safety-critical system</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_hazards" title="Diving hazards">Diving<br />hazards</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">List of diving hazards and precautions</a></li>
<li>Environmental
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Current_(hazard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current (hazard) (page does not exist)">Current</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Delta-P_(hazard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-P (hazard) (page does not exist)">Delta-P</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Entanglement_(hazard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entanglement (hazard) (page does not exist)">Entanglement hazard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penetration_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Penetration diving">Overhead</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silt_out" title="Silt out">Silt out</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wave_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave action">Wave action</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Equipment
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freeflow" title="Freeflow">Freeflow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Use_of_breathing_equipment_in_an_underwater_environment" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Failure_of_diving_equipment_other_than_breathing_apparatus" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Single_point_of_failure" title="Single point of failure">Single point of failure</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Physiological
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold_shock_response" title="Cold shock response">Cold shock response</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_(diving)" title="Decompression (diving)">Decompression</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seasickness" class="mw-redirect" title="Seasickness">Seasickness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">Uncontrolled decompression</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Diver_behaviour_and_competence" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Diver behaviour and competence</a>
<ul><li>Lack of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Competence_(human_resources)" title="Competence (human resources)">competence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Overconfidence_effect" title="Overconfidence effect">Overconfidence effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panic" title="Panic">Panic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Task_loading" title="Task loading">Task loading</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anxiety#Trait" title="Anxiety">Trait anxiety</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willful_violation" title="Willful violation">Willful violation</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Consequences" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_procedures" title="Diving procedures">Diving<br />procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ascending_and_descending_(diving)" title="Ascending and descending (diving)">Ascending and descending</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emergency_ascent" title="Emergency ascent">Emergency ascent</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boat_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat diving">Boat diving</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_diving" title="Buddy diving">Buddy diving</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_check" title="Buddy check">buddy check</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_(diving)" title="Decompression (diving)">Decompression</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_practice" title="Decompression practice">Decompression practice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pyle_stop" title="Pyle stop">Pyle stop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ratio_decompression" title="Ratio decompression">Ratio decompression</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_briefing" title="Dive briefing">Dive briefing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_log" title="Dive log">Dive log</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_planning" title="Dive planning">Dive planning</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_gas_planning" title="Scuba gas planning">Scuba gas planning</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_communications" title="Diver communications">Diver communications</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_hand_signals" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving hand signals">Diving hand signals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_line_signals" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving line signals">Diving line signals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_voice_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver voice communications">Diver voice communications</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_rescue" title="Diver rescue">Diver rescue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver training</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doing_It_Right_(scuba_diving)" title="Doing It Right (scuba diving)">Doing It Right</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drift_diving" title="Drift diving">Drift diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving" title="Gas blending for scuba diving">Gas blending for scuba diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Night_diving" title="Night diving">Night diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solo_diving" title="Solo diving">Solo diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_safety" title="Water safety">Water safety</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk<br />management</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li>
<li>Hazard identification and risk assessment
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazard_analysis" title="Hazard analysis">Hazard analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risk_control" title="Risk control">Risk control</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incident_pit" title="Incident pit">Incident pit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lockout%E2%80%93tagout" title="Lockout–tagout">Lockout–tagout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">Situation awareness</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_team" title="Diving team">Diving team</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bellman_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellman (diving)">Bellman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chamber_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber operator">Chamber operator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_medical_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver medical technician">Diver medical technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver%27s_attendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's attendant">Diver's attendant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_systems_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving systems technician">Diving systems technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas man">Gas man</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Life_support_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support technician">Life support technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stand-by_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Stand-by diver">Stand-by diver</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment<br />safety</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breathing_gas_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing gas quality">Breathing gas quality</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Testing_and_inspection_of_diving_cylinders" title="Testing and inspection of diving cylinders">Testing and inspection of diving cylinders</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydrostatic_test" title="Hydrostatic test">Hydrostatic test</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sustained_load_cracking" title="Sustained load cracking">Sustained load cracking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_regulator" title="Diving regulator">Diving regulator</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breathing_performance_of_regulators" title="Breathing performance of regulators">Breathing performance of regulators</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational<br />safety and<br />health</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Approaches_to_safety&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Approaches to safety (page does not exist)">Approaches to safety</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toolbox_talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Toolbox talk">Toolbox talk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Housekeeping_(industrial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housekeeping (industrial) (page does not exist)">Housekeeping</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Diving_Contractors_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Diving Contractors International (page does not exist)">Association of Diving Contractors International</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emergency_procedure" title="Emergency procedure">Emergency procedure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Emergency_response_plan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergency response plan (page does not exist)">Emergency response plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evacuation_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Evacuation plan">Evacuation plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazardous_Materials_Identification_System" title="Hazardous Materials Identification System">Hazardous Materials Identification System</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Administrative_controls" title="Administrative controls">Administrative controls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Engineering_controls" title="Engineering controls">Engineering controls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazard_elimination" title="Hazard elimination">Hazard elimination</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazard_substitution" title="Hazard substitution">Hazard substitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupational_hazard" title="Occupational hazard">Occupational hazard</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chemical_hazard" title="Chemical hazard">Chemical hazard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physical_hazard" title="Physical hazard">Physical hazard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard" title="Psychosocial hazard">Psychosocial hazard</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Occupational hygiene</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exposure_assessment" title="Exposure assessment">Exposure assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupational_exposure_limit" title="Occupational exposure limit">Occupational exposure limit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Workplace_health_surveillance" title="Workplace health surveillance">Workplace health surveillance</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safety_culture" title="Safety culture">Safety culture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_safety_officer" title="Diving safety officer">Diving safety officer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_superintendent" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving superintendent">Diving superintendent</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Health_and_safety_representative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health and safety representative (page does not exist)">Health and safety representative</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Safety_meeting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safety meeting (page does not exist)">Safety meeting</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_boat" title="Dive boat">Dive boat</a> incidents</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Conception" title="Sinking of MV Conception">Sinking of MV Conception</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diver rescues</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alpazat_cave_rescue" title="Alpazat cave rescue">Alpazat cave rescue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tham_Luang_cave_rescue" title="Tham Luang cave rescue">Tham Luang cave rescue</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early diving</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Day_(carpenter)" title="John Day (carpenter)">John Day (carpenter)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Spalding" title="Charles Spalding">Charles Spalding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebenezer_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebenezer Watson">Ebenezer Watson</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a> fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme" title="Loïc Leferme">Loïc Leferme</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Audrey_Mestre" title="Audrey Mestre">Audrey Mestre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Mevoli" title="Nicholas Mevoli">Nicholas Mevoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalia_Molchanova" title="Natalia Molchanova">Natalia Molchanova</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Offshore_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore diving">Offshore<br />diving</a> incidents</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Byford_Dolphin#Diving_bell_accident" title="Byford Dolphin">Byford Dolphin diving bell accident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drill_Master_diving_accident" title="Drill Master diving accident">Drill Master diving accident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_Canopus_diving_accident" title="Star Canopus diving accident">Star Canopus diving accident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stena_Seaspread_diving_accident" title="Stena Seaspread diving accident">Stena Seaspread diving accident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venture_One_diving_accident" title="Venture One diving accident">Venture One diving accident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waage_Drill_II_diving_accident" title="Waage Drill II diving accident">Waage Drill II diving accident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wildrake_diving_accident" title="Wildrake diving accident">Wildrake diving accident</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_diving" title="Professional diving">Professional<br />diving</a> fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Baldwin_(diver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Baldwin (diver)">Roger Baldwin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bennett_(diver)" title="John Bennett (diver)">John Bennett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_F._Guiel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Guiel Jr.">Victor F. Guiel Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_M._Hoffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig M. Hoffman">Craig M. Hoffman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Henry_Michael_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Henry Michael Holmes">Peter Henry Michael Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnson_Sea_Link_accident" title="Johnson Sea Link accident">Johnson Sea Link accident</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edwin_Clayton_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Clayton Link">Edwin Clayton Link</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerard_Anthony_Prangley" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Anthony Prangley">Gerard Anthony Prangley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_Skipness" class="mw-redirect" title="Pier Skipness">Pier Skipness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_John_Smyth" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert John Smyth">Robert John Smyth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_D._Stover" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert D. Stover">Albert D. Stover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_A._Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Walker">Richard A. Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lothar_Michael_Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar Michael Ward">Lothar Michael Ward</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joachim_Wendler" title="Joachim Wendler">Joachim Wendler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Bradley_Westell" title="Death of Bradley Westell">Bradley Westell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arne_Zetterstr%C3%B6m" title="Arne Zetterström">Arne Zetterström</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_diving_fatalities" title="Scuba diving fatalities">Scuba diving<br />fatalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ricardo_Armbruster" title="Ricardo Armbruster">Ricardo Armbruster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allan_Bridge" title="Allan Bridge">Allan Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Bright_(diver)" title="David Bright (diver)">David Bright</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berry_L._Cannon" title="Berry L. Cannon">Berry L. Cannon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cotton_Coulson" title="Cotton Coulson">Cotton Coulson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udio_Coutinho" title="Cláudio Coutinho">Cláudio Coutinho</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/E._Yale_Dawson" title="E. Yale Dawson">E. Yale Dawson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deon_Dreyer" title="Deon Dreyer">Deon Dreyer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan_Dufek" title="Milan Dufek">Milan Dufek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maurice_Fargues" title="Maurice Fargues">Maurice Fargues</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Garman" title="Guy Garman">Guy Garman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Irwin" title="Steve Irwin">Steve Irwin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Jones_(American_football,_born_1935)" title="Jim Jones (American football, born 1935)">Jim Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artur_Koz%C5%82owski_(speleologist)" title="Artur Kozłowski (speleologist)">Artur Kozłowski</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Last_Dive" title="The Last Dive">Chris and Chrissy Rouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kirsty_MacColl" title="Kirsty MacColl">Kirsty MacColl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agnes_Milowka" title="Agnes Milowka">Agnes Milowka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Roubaix" title="François de Roubaix">François de Roubaix</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Shaw_(diver)" title="Dave Shaw (diver)">Dave Shaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wesley_C._Skiles" title="Wesley C. Skiles">Wesley C. Skiles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dewey_Smith" title="Dewey Smith">Dewey Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rob_Stewart_(filmmaker)" title="Rob Stewart (filmmaker)">Rob Stewart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esbj%C3%B6rn_Svensson" title="Esbjörn Svensson">Esbjörn Svensson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josef_Velek" title="Josef Velek">Josef Velek</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_disorders" title="Diving disorders">Diving<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_signs_and_symptoms_of_diving_disorders" title="List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders">List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">Motion sickness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternobaric_vertigo" title="Alternobaric vertigo">Alternobaric vertigo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barostriction" title="Barostriction">Barostriction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_embolism" title="Air embolism">Air embolism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aerosinusitis" title="Aerosinusitis">Aerosinusitis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barodontalgia" title="Barodontalgia">Barodontalgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dental_barotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental barotrauma">Dental barotrauma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulmonary_barotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary barotrauma">Pulmonary barotrauma</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compression_arthralgia" title="Compression arthralgia">Compression arthralgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_illness" title="Decompression illness">Decompression illness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dysbarism" title="Dysbarism">Dysbarism</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxygen</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving_blackout" title="Freediving blackout">Freediving blackout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperoxia" title="Hyperoxia">Hyperoxia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inert gases</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avascular_necrosis" title="Avascular necrosis">Avascular necrosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isobaric_counterdiffusion" title="Isobaric counterdiffusion">Isobaric counterdiffusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taravana" title="Taravana">Taravana</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dysbaric_osteonecrosis" title="Dysbaric osteonecrosis">Dysbaric osteonecrosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High-pressure_nervous_syndrome" title="High-pressure nervous syndrome">High-pressure nervous syndrome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydrogen_narcosis" title="Hydrogen narcosis">Hydrogen narcosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carbon dioxide</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypocapnia" title="Hypocapnia">Hypocapnia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breathing gas<br />contaminants</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning" title="Carbon monoxide poisoning">Carbon monoxide poisoning</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immersion<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">Asphyxia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immersion_diuresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersion diuresis">Immersion diuresis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Instinctive_drowning_response" title="Instinctive drowning response">Instinctive drowning response</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laryngospasm" title="Laryngospasm">Laryngospasm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salt_water_aspiration_syndrome" title="Salt water aspiration syndrome">Salt water aspiration syndrome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swimming-induced_pulmonary_edema" title="Swimming-induced pulmonary edema">Swimming-induced pulmonary edema</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demand_valve_oxygen_therapy" title="Demand valve oxygen therapy">Demand valve oxygen therapy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">First aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine" title="Hyperbaric medicine">Hyperbaric medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbaric_treatment_schedules" title="Hyperbaric treatment schedules">Hyperbaric treatment schedules</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/In-water_recompression" title="In-water recompression">In-water recompression</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">Oxygen therapy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Therapeutic_recompression" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic recompression">Therapeutic recompression</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Medical_Examiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Examiner">Diving Medical Examiner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Medical_Practitioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Practitioner">Diving Medical Practitioner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Medical_Technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Technician">Diving Medical Technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperbaric_nursing" title="Hyperbaric nursing">Hyperbaric nursing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screening</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect" title="Atrial septal defect">Atrial septal defect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Effects_of_drugs_on_fitness_to_dive" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of drugs on fitness to dive">Effects of drugs on fitness to dive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitness_to_dive" title="Fitness to dive">Fitness to dive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychological_fitness_to_dive" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological fitness to dive">Psychological fitness to dive</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers in<br />diving physiology<br />and medicine</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_J._Bachrach" title="Arthur J. Bachrach">Arthur J. Bachrach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_R._Behnke" title="Albert R. Behnke">Albert R. Behnke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Bert" title="Paul Bert">Paul Bert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_F._Bond" title="George F. Bond">George F. Bond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann" title="Albert A. Bühlmann">Albert A. Bühlmann</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_R._Clarke" title="John R. Clarke">John R. Clarke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guybon_Chesney_Castell_Damant" title="Guybon Chesney Castell Damant">Guybon Chesney Castell Damant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenneth_William_Donald" title="Kenneth William Donald">Kenneth William Donald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Paul_Fife" title="William Paul Fife">William Paul Fife</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_William_Hamilton_Jr." title="Robert William Hamilton Jr.">Robert William Hamilton Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_Erskine_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Erskine Hill">Leonard Erskine Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Andrew_Hills" title="Brian Andrew Hills">Brian Andrew Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Felix_Hoppe-Seyler" title="Felix Hoppe-Seyler">Felix Hoppe-Seyler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen" title="Christian J. Lambertsen">Christian J. Lambertsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_Mitchell" title="Simon Mitchell">Simon Mitchell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Momsen" title="Charles Momsen">Charles Momsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Rawlins_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Rawlins (Royal Navy officer)">John Rawlins R.N.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Wesley_Shilling" title="Charles Wesley Shilling">Charles Wesley Shilling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_D._Thalmann" title="Edward D. Thalmann">Edward D. Thalmann</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Triger" title="Jacques Triger">Jacques Triger</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving medical<br />research<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aerospace_Medical_Association" title="Aerospace Medical Association">Aerospace Medical Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divers_Alert_Network" title="Divers Alert Network">Divers Alert Network</a> (DAN)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Diseases_Research_Centre" title="Diving Diseases Research Centre">Diving Diseases Research Centre</a> (DDRC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Medical_Advisory_Council" title="Diving Medical Advisory Council">Diving Medical Advisory Council</a> (DMAC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Diving_Technology_Committee" title="European Diving Technology Committee">European Diving Technology Committee</a> (EDTC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Underwater_and_Baromedical_Society" title="European Underwater and Baromedical Society">European Underwater and Baromedical Society</a> (EUBS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Board_of_Diving_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Technology" title="National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology">National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naval_Submarine_Medical_Research_Laboratory" title="Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory">Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy_School_of_Underwater_Medicine" title="Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine">Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rubicon_Foundation" title="Rubicon Foundation">Rubicon Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Pacific_Underwater_Medicine_Society" title="South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society">South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society</a> (SPUMS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_African_Underwater_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Association" title="Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association">Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association</a> (SAUHMA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Undersea_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Society" title="Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society">Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society</a> (UHMS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy_Experimental_Diving_Unit" title="United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit">United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit</a> (NEDU)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_liability_in_recreational_diving" title="Civil liability in recreational diving">Civil liability in recreational diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duty_of_care" title="Duty of care">Duty of care</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_legislation_regulating_underwater_diving" title="List of legislation regulating underwater diving">List of legislation regulating underwater diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Investigation_of_diving_accidents" title="Investigation of diving accidents">Investigation of diving accidents</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_underwater_diving" title="History of underwater diving">History of underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aqua-Lung" title="Aqua-Lung">Aqua-Lung</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RV_Calypso" title="RV Calypso">RV Calypso</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SP-350_Denise" title="SP-350 Denise">SP-350 Denise</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_decompression_research_and_development" title="History of decompression research and development">History of decompression research and development</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_scuba_diving" title="History of scuba diving">History of scuba diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_underwater_diving" title="List of researchers in underwater diving">List of researchers in underwater diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise regulator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_diving_dress" title="Standard diving dress">Standard diving dress</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_diving_technology" title="Timeline of diving technology">Timeline of diving technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_diving_in_popular_culture" title="Underwater diving in popular culture">Underwater diving in popular culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vintage_scuba" title="Vintage scuba">Vintage scuba</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Engineersand_inventors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineers<br />and inventors</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Beebe" title="William Beebe">William Beebe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georges_Beuchat" title="Georges Beuchat">Georges Beuchat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_R._Clarke" title="John R. Clarke">John R. Clarke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Deane" title="Charles Anthony Deane">Charles Anthony Deane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Deane_(inventor)" title="John Deane (inventor)">John Deane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Eldred" title="Ted Eldred">Ted Eldred</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Fleuss" title="Henry Fleuss">Henry Fleuss</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gagnan" title="Émile Gagnan">Émile Gagnan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph-Martin_Cabirol" title="Joseph-Martin Cabirol">Joseph-Martin Cabirol</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen" title="Christian J. Lambertsen">Christian J. Lambertsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yves_Le_Prieur" title="Yves Le Prieur">Yves Le Prieur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Lethbridge" title="John Lethbridge">John Lethbridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ernest_William_Moir" title="Ernest William Moir">Ernest William Moir</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Salim_Peress" title="Joseph Salim Peress">Joseph Salim Peress</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auguste_Piccard" title="Auguste Piccard">Auguste Piccard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustus_Siebe" title="Augustus Siebe">Augustus Siebe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Triger" title="Jacques Triger">Jacques Triger</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NOAA_Diving_Manual" title="NOAA Diving Manual">NOAA Diving Manual</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Navy_Diving_Manual" title="U.S. Navy Diving Manual">U.S. Navy Diving Manual</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basic_Cave_Diving:_A_Blueprint_for_Survival" title="Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival">Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards and<br />Codes of Practice</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Code_of_Practice_for_Scientific_Diving_(UNESCO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO) (page does not exist)">Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DIN_7876" title="DIN 7876">DIN 7876</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=IMCA_Code_of_Practice_for_Offshore_Diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving (page does not exist)">IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=ISO_24801_Recreational_diving_services_%E2%80%94_Requirements_for_the_training_of_recreational_scuba_divers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers (page does not exist)">ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Darkness_Beckons" title="The Darkness Beckons">The Darkness Beckons</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goldfinder" title="Goldfinder">Goldfinder</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Last_Dive" title="The Last Dive">The Last Dive</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shadow_Divers" title="Shadow Divers">Shadow Divers</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Silent_World:_A_Story_of_Undersea_Discovery_and_Adventure" title="The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure">The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Training_and_registration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Training and registration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver<br />training</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Competence and assessment
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Competency-based_learning" title="Competency-based learning">Competency-based learning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Refresher_training_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Refresher training (diving)">Refresher training</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skill_assessment" title="Skill assessment">Skill assessment</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_training_standard" title="Diver training standard">Diver training standard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving school">Diving school</a></li>
<li>Occupational diver training
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercial_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial diver training">Commercial diver training</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Military diver training">Military diver training</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_safety_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety diver training">Public safety diver training</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scientific_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific diver training">Scientific diver training</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_diver_training" title="Recreational diver training">Recreational diver training</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Introductory_diving" title="Introductory diving">Introductory diving</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teaching_method" title="Teaching method">Teaching method</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muscle_memory" title="Muscle memory">Muscle memory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Overlearning" title="Overlearning">Overlearning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stress_exposure_training" title="Stress exposure training">Stress exposure training</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skills" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combat_sidestroke" title="Combat sidestroke">Combat sidestroke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_navigation" title="Diver navigation">Diver navigation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diver_trim" title="Diver trim">Diver trim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ear_clearing" title="Ear clearing">Ear clearing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frenzel_maneuver" title="Frenzel maneuver">Frenzel maneuver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver" title="Valsalva maneuver">Valsalva maneuver</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finning_techniques" title="Finning techniques">Finning techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_skills" title="Scuba skills">Scuba skills</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_breathing" title="Buddy breathing">Buddy breathing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diamond_Reef_System" title="Diamond Reef System">Diamond Reef System</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving_skills" title="Surface-supplied diving skills">Surface-supplied diving skills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_searches" title="Underwater searches">Underwater searches</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_scuba_certification_levels" title="Recreational scuba certification levels">Recreational<br />scuba<br />certification<br />levels</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core diving skills</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Advanced_Open_Water_Diver" title="Advanced Open Water Diver">Advanced Open Water Diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autonomous_diver" title="Autonomous diver">Autonomous diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CMAS*_scuba_diver" title="CMAS* scuba diver">CMAS* scuba diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CMAS**_scuba_diver" title="CMAS** scuba diver">CMAS** scuba diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Introductory_diving" title="Introductory diving">Introductory diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_Impact_Diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Impact Diver">Low Impact Diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_Scuba_Diver" title="Master Scuba Diver">Master Scuba Diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_Water_Diver" title="Open Water Diver">Open Water Diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supervised_diver" title="Supervised diver">Supervised diver</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership skills</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dive_leader" title="Dive leader">Dive leader</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divemaster" title="Divemaster">Divemaster</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_Instructor" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Instructor">Master Instructor</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialist skills</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rescue_Diver" title="Rescue Diver">Rescue Diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solo_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Solo diver">Solo diver</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Underwater_Federation" title="European Underwater Federation">European Underwater Federation</a> (EUF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Diving_Regulators_and_Certifiers_Forum" title="International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum">International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum</a> (IDRCF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Diving_Schools_Association" title="International Diving Schools Association">International Diving Schools Association</a> (IDSA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a> (IMCA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_diver_certification_organizations" title="List of diver certification organizations">List of diver certification organizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universal_Referral_Program" title="Universal Referral Program">Universal Referral Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Recreational_Scuba_Training_Council" title="World Recreational Scuba Training Council">World Recreational Scuba Training Council</a> (WRSTC)</li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial diver<br />certification<br />authorities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Diver_Accreditation_Scheme" title="Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme">Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme</a> (ADAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercial_diver_registration_in_South_Africa" title="Commercial diver registration in South Africa">Commercial diver registration in South Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divers_Institute_of_Technology" title="Divers Institute of Technology">Divers Institute of Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (HSE)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Department_of_Employment_and_Labour" title="Department of Employment and Labour">Department of Employment and Labour</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial diving<br />schools</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divers_Academy_International" title="Divers Academy International">Divers Academy International</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-diving<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a> (AIDA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performance_Freediving_International" title="Performance Freediving International">Performance Freediving International</a> (PI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a> (SSI)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational scuba<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Canadian_Underwater_Certifications" title="American Canadian Underwater Certifications">American Canadian Underwater Certifications</a> (ACUC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Nitrox_Divers_International" title="American Nitrox Divers International">American Nitrox Divers International</a> (ANDI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_nationale_des_moniteurs_de_plong%C3%A9e" title="Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée">Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée</a> (ANMP)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a> (CFT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a> (FEDAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a> (FFESSM)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federazione_Italiana_Attivit%C3%A0_Subacquee" title="Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee">Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee</a> (FIAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Underwater_Explorers" title="Global Underwater Explorers">Global Underwater Explorers</a> (GUE)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers" title="International Association for Handicapped Divers">International Association for Handicapped Divers</a> (IAHD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers" title="International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers">International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers</a> (IANTD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Diving_Educators_Association" title="International Diving Educators Association">International Diving Educators Association</a> (IDEA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli_Diving_Federation" title="Israeli Diving Federation">Israeli Diving Federation</a> (TIDF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Academy_of_Scuba_Educators" title="National Academy of Scuba Educators">National Academy of Scuba Educators</a> (NASE)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">National Association of Underwater Instructors</a> (NAUI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nederlandse_Onderwatersport_Bond" title="Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond">Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond</a> (NOB)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">Professional Association of Diving Instructors</a> (PADI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation" title="Professional Diving Instructors Corporation">Professional Diving Instructors Corporation</a> (PDIC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sub-Aqua_Association" title="Sub-Aqua Association">Sub-Aqua Association</a> (SAA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_Diving_International" title="Scuba Diving International">Scuba Diving International</a> (SDI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_Educators_International" title="Scuba Educators International">Scuba Educators International</a> (SEI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Sub_Aqua_Club" title="Scottish Sub Aqua Club">Scottish Sub Aqua Club</a> (ScotSAC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a> (SSI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="Turkish Underwater Sports Federation">Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu</a> (TSSF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Diving_Instructors" title="United Diving Instructors">United Diving Instructors</a> (UDI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/YMCA_SCUBA_Program" title="YMCA SCUBA Program">YMCA SCUBA Program</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientific diver<br />certification<br />authorities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Academy_of_Underwater_Sciences" title="American Academy of Underwater Sciences">American Academy of Underwater Sciences</a> (AAUS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques#Scientific_committee" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">CMAS Scientific Committee</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Nitrox_Divers_International" title="American Nitrox Divers International">American Nitrox Divers International</a> (ANDI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Science_and_Technology" title="Diving Science and Technology">Diving Science and Technology</a> (DSAT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federazione_Italiana_Attivit%C3%A0_Subacquee" title="Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee">Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee</a> (FIAS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers" title="International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers">International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers</a> (IANTD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">Professional Association of Diving Instructors</a> (PADI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation" title="Professional Diving Instructors Corporation">Professional Diving Instructors Corporation</a> (PDIC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trimix_Scuba_Association" title="Trimix Scuba Association">Trimix Scuba Association</a> (TSA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Technical Extended Range</a> (TXR)</li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cavediving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cave<br />diving</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia" title="Cave Divers Association of Australia">Cave Divers Association of Australia</a> (CDAA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_Diving_Group" title="Cave Diving Group">Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Underwater_Explorers" title="Global Underwater Explorers">Global Underwater Explorers</a> (GUE)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_for_Cave_Diving" title="National Association for Cave Diving">National Association for Cave Diving</a> (NACD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Speleological_Society#Cave_Diving_Group" title="National Speleological Society">National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">National Association of Underwater Instructors</a> (NAUI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_Diving_International" title="Technical Diving International">Technical Diving International</a> (TDI)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Underwater_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_sports" title="Underwater sports">Underwater sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface snorkeling</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finswimming" title="Finswimming">Finswimming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snorkeling/breath-hold</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_target_shooting" title="Underwater target shooting">Underwater target shooting</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breath-hold</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)" title="Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)">Aquathlon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apnoea_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Apnoea finswimming">Apnoea finswimming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_ice_hockey" title="Underwater ice hockey">Underwater ice hockey</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open Circuit Scuba</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immersion_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersion finswimming">Immersion finswimming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sport_diving_(sport)" title="Sport diving (sport)">Sport diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_orienteering" title="Underwater orienteering">Underwater orienteering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_photography_(sport)" title="Underwater photography (sport)">Underwater photography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebreather</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_photography_(sport)" title="Underwater photography (sport)">Underwater photography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports governing<br />organisations<br /> and federations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>International
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a>)</li></ul></li>
<li>National
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AIDA_Hellas" title="AIDA Hellas">AIDA Hellas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Underwater_Federation" title="Australian Underwater Federation">Australian Underwater Federation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Freediving_Association" title="British Freediving Association">British Freediving Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Octopush_Association" title="British Octopush Association">British Octopush Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Underwater_Sports_Association" title="British Underwater Sports Association">British Underwater Sports Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_African_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="South African Underwater Sports Federation">South African Underwater Sports Federation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="Turkish Underwater Sports Federation">Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_Society_of_America" title="Underwater Society of America">Underwater Society of America</a>)</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Underwater_divers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_underwater_divers" title="List of underwater divers">Underwater divers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers<br />of diving</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquanaut" title="Aquanaut">Aquanaut</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hans_Hass" title="Hans Hass">Hans Hass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arne_Zetterstr%C3%B6m" title="Arne Zetterström">Arne Zetterström</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />scientists and<br />archaeologists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Arbuthnot" title="Michael Arbuthnot">Michael Arbuthnot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Ballard" title="Robert Ballard">Robert Ballard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mensun_Bound" title="Mensun Bound">Mensun Bound</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Boutan" title="Louis Boutan">Louis Boutan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Bradner" title="Hugh Bradner">Hugh Bradner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathy_Church" title="Cathy Church">Cathy Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugenie_Clark" title="Eugenie Clark">Eugenie Clark</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_P._Delgado" title="James P. Delgado">James P. Delgado</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia Earle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Christopher_Fine" title="John Christopher Fine">John Christopher Fine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_R._Fischer" title="George R. Fischer">George R. Fischer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anders_Franz%C3%A9n" title="Anders Franzén">Anders Franzén</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Honor_Frost" title="Honor Frost">Honor Frost</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Gibbins" title="David Gibbins">David Gibbins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_F._Marx" title="Robert F. Marx">Robert F. Marx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_T._Meide" title="Charles T. Meide">Charles T. Meide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_M._Newell" title="Mark M. Newell">Mark M. Newell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Peter_Oleson" title="John Peter Oleson">John Peter Oleson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Pyle" title="Richard Pyle">Richard Pyle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margaret_Rule" title="Margaret Rule">Margaret Rule</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gunter_Sch%C3%B6bel" title="Gunter Schöbel">Gunter Schöbel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/E._Lee_Spence" title="E. Lee Spence">E. Lee Spence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_St%C3%A9nuit" title="Robert Sténuit">Robert Sténuit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scuba record<br />holders</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuno_Gomes_(diver)" title="Nuno Gomes (diver)">Nuno Gomes</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />filmmakers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samir_Alhafith" title="Samir Alhafith">Samir Alhafith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Bravo" title="Ramón Bravo">Ramón Bravo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivan_Tors" title="Ivan Tors">Ivan Tors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Wight" title="Andrew Wight">Andrew Wight</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />photographers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamara_Benitez" title="Tamara Benitez">Tamara Benitez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georges_Beuchat" title="Georges Beuchat">Georges Beuchat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adrian_Biddle" title="Adrian Biddle">Adrian Biddle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Bird" title="Jonathan Bird">Jonathan Bird</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Cheng" title="Eric Cheng">Eric Cheng</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neville_Coleman" title="Neville Coleman">Neville Coleman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_D._Craig" title="John D. Craig">John D. Craig</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Cropp" title="Ben Cropp">Ben Cropp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernard_Delemotte" title="Bernard Delemotte">Bernard Delemotte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Doubilet" title="David Doubilet">David Doubilet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Christopher_Fine" title="John Christopher Fine">John Christopher Fine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dermot_FitzGerald" title="Dermot FitzGerald">Dermot FitzGerald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rodney_Fox" title="Rodney Fox">Rodney Fox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ric_Frazier" title="Ric Frazier">Ric Frazier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Frink" title="Stephen Frink">Stephen Frink</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Gimbel" title="Peter Gimbel">Peter Gimbel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monty_Halls" title="Monty Halls">Monty Halls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hans_Hass" title="Hans Hass">Hans Hass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudie_Kuiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudie Kuiter">Rudie Kuiter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_B._MacInnis" title="Joseph B. MacInnis">Joseph B. MacInnis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luis_Marden" title="Luis Marden">Luis Marden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agnes_Milowka" title="Agnes Milowka">Agnes Milowka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noel_Monkman" title="Noel Monkman">Noel Monkman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Parish" title="Steve Parish">Steve Parish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zale_Parry" title="Zale Parry">Zale Parry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Petit_(photographer)" title="Pierre Petit (photographer)">Pierre Petit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Scoones" title="Peter Scoones">Peter Scoones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Skerry" title="Brian Skerry">Brian Skerry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wesley_C._Skiles" title="Wesley C. Skiles">Wesley C. Skiles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/E._Lee_Spence" title="E. Lee Spence">E. Lee Spence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippe_Tailliez" title="Philippe Tailliez">Philippe Tailliez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_and_Valerie_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron and Valerie Taylor">Ron and Valerie Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_Tillman" title="Albert Tillman">Albert Tillman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Veltri" title="John Veltri">John Veltri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stan_Waterman" title="Stan Waterman">Stan Waterman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michele_Westmorland" title="Michele Westmorland">Michele Westmorland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Ernest_Williamson" title="John Ernest Williamson">John Ernest Williamson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._Lamar_Worzel" title="J. Lamar Worzel">J. Lamar Worzel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Caves
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martyn_Farr" title="Martyn Farr">Martyn Farr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Heinerth" title="Jill Heinerth">Jill Heinerth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Hogarth_Main" title="William Hogarth Main">William Hogarth Main</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Stone_(caver)" title="William Stone (caver)">Bill Stone</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Reefs
<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li>
<li>Wrecks
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clive_Cussler" title="Clive Cussler">Clive Cussler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aristotelis_Zervoudis" title="Aristotelis Zervoudis">Aristotelis Zervoudis</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquanaut" title="Aquanaut">Aquanauts</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Abercromby" title="Andrew Abercromby">Andrew Abercromby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_M._Acaba" title="Joseph M. Acaba">Joseph M. Acaba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clayton_Anderson" title="Clayton Anderson">Clayton Anderson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_R._Arnold" title="Richard R. Arnold">Richard R. Arnold</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serena_Au%C3%B1%C3%B3n-Chancellor" title="Serena Auñón-Chancellor">Serena Auñón-Chancellor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Barratt_(astronaut)" title="Michael Barratt (astronaut)">Michael Barratt (astronaut)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_L._Behnken" title="Robert L. Behnken">Robert L. Behnken</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randolph_Bresnik" title="Randolph Bresnik">Randolph Bresnik</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_J._Broderick" title="Timothy J. Broderick">Timothy J. Broderick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_Brown_(aquanaut)" title="Justin Brown (aquanaut)">Justin Brown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berry_L._Cannon" title="Berry L. Cannon">Berry L. Cannon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregory_Chamitoff" title="Gregory Chamitoff">Gregory Chamitoff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Chappell" title="Steve Chappell">Steve Chappell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_Coleman" title="Catherine Coleman">Catherine Coleman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robin_Cook_(American_novelist)" title="Robin Cook (American novelist)">Robin Cook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_B._Cooper" title="Craig B. Cooper">Craig B. Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabien_Cousteau" title="Fabien Cousteau">Fabien Cousteau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippe_Cousteau" title="Philippe Cousteau">Philippe Cousteau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Creamer" title="Timothy Creamer">Timothy Creamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Dory" title="Jonathan Dory">Jonathan Dory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia Earle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeanette_Epps" title="Jeanette Epps">Jeanette Epps</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_Falco" title="Albert Falco">Albert Falco</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_J._Feustel" title="Andrew J. Feustel">Andrew J. Feustel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Fincke" title="Michael Fincke">Michael Fincke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satoshi_Furukawa" title="Satoshi Furukawa">Satoshi Furukawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_J._Garan_Jr." title="Ronald J. Garan Jr.">Ronald J. Garan Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_L._Gernhardt" title="Michael L. Gernhardt">Michael L. Gernhardt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_E._Gerty" title="Christopher E. Gerty">Christopher E. Gerty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Gruber" title="David Gruber">David Gruber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M._Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="José M. Hernández">José M. Hernández</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Herrington" title="John Herrington">John Herrington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Hill_(flight_director)" title="Paul Hill (flight director)">Paul Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akihiko_Hoshide" title="Akihiko Hoshide">Akihiko Hoshide</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Hulsbeck" title="Mark Hulsbeck">Mark Hulsbeck</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_Hwang" title="Emma Hwang">Emma Hwang</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norishige_Kanai" title="Norishige Kanai">Norishige Kanai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Les_Kaufman" title="Les Kaufman">Les Kaufman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)" title="Scott Kelly (astronaut)">Scott Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karen_Kohanowich" title="Karen Kohanowich">Karen Kohanowich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Kopra" title="Timothy Kopra">Timothy Kopra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominic_Landucci" title="Dominic Landucci">Dominic Landucci</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jon_Lindbergh" title="Jon Lindbergh">Jon Lindbergh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kjell_N._Lindgren" title="Kjell N. Lindgren">Kjell N. Lindgren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B3pez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Michael López-Alegría">Michael López-Alegría</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_B._MacInnis" title="Joseph B. MacInnis">Joseph B. MacInnis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandra_Magnus" title="Sandra Magnus">Sandra Magnus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Marshburn" title="Thomas Marshburn">Thomas Marshburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthias_Maurer" title="Matthias Maurer">Matthias Maurer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/K._Megan_McArthur" title="K. Megan McArthur">K. Megan McArthur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_McKinley_(physician)" title="Craig McKinley (physician)">Craig McKinley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simone_Melchior" title="Simone Melchior">Simone Melchior</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger" title="Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger">Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andreas_Mogensen" title="Andreas Mogensen">Andreas Mogensen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karen_Nyberg" title="Karen Nyberg">Karen Nyberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_D._Olivas" title="John D. Olivas">John D. Olivas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Takuya_Onishi" title="Takuya Onishi">Takuya Onishi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Parmitano" title="Luca Parmitano">Luca Parmitano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Patrick" title="Nicholas Patrick">Nicholas Patrick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Peake" title="Tim Peake">Tim Peake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Pesquet" title="Thomas Pesquet">Thomas Pesquet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Reagan" title="Marc Reagan">Marc Reagan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garrett_Reisman" title="Garrett Reisman">Garrett Reisman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins" title="Kathleen Rubins">Kathleen Rubins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dick_Rutkowski" title="Dick Rutkowski">Dick Rutkowski</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tara_Ruttley" title="Tara Ruttley">Tara Ruttley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Saint-Jacques" title="David Saint-Jacques">David Saint-Jacques</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josef_Schmid_(flight_surgeon)" title="Josef Schmid (flight surgeon)">Josef Schmid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Sheats" title="Robert Sheats">Robert Sheats</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dewey_Smith" title="Dewey Smith">Dewey Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Squyres" title="Steve Squyres">Steve Squyres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper" title="Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper">Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_St%C3%A9nuit" title="Robert Sténuit">Robert Sténuit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Stevenin" title="Hervé Stevenin">Hervé Stevenin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicole_Stott" title="Nicole Stott">Nicole Stott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Talacek" title="James Talacek">James Talacek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_M._Tani" title="Daniel M. Tani">Daniel M. Tani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Thirsk" title="Robert Thirsk">Robert Thirsk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Todd" title="Bill Todd">Bill Todd</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_T._Vande_Hei" title="Mark T. Vande Hei">Mark T. Vande Hei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koichi_Wakata" title="Koichi Wakata">Koichi Wakata</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rex_J._Walheim" title="Rex J. Walheim">Rex J. Walheim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shannon_Walker" title="Shannon Walker">Shannon Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Morgan_Wells" title="John Morgan Wells">John Morgan Wells</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joachim_Wendler" title="Joachim Wendler">Joachim Wendler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douglas_H._Wheelock" title="Douglas H. Wheelock">Douglas H. Wheelock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peggy_Whitson" title="Peggy Whitson">Peggy Whitson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dafydd_Williams" title="Dafydd Williams">Dafydd Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeffrey_Williams_(astronaut)" title="Jeffrey Williams (astronaut)">Jeffrey Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunita_Williams" title="Sunita Williams">Sunita Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregory_R._Wiseman" title="Gregory R. Wiseman">Gregory R. Wiseman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kimiya_Yui" title="Kimiya Yui">Kimiya Yui</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rescues</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_Challen" title="Craig Challen">Craig Challen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)" title="Richard Harris (anaesthetist)">Richard Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Stanton_(cave_diver)" title="Richard Stanton (cave diver)">Rick Stanton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Volanthen" title="John Volanthen">John Volanthen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Science_of_underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Science_of_underwater_diving" title="Science of underwater diving">Science of underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_physics" title="Diving physics">Diving<br />physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breathing_performance_of_regulators" title="Breathing performance of regulators">Breathing performance of regulators</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">Buoyancy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle" title="Archimedes' principle">Archimedes' principle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy" title="Neutral buoyancy">Neutral buoyancy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concentration" title="Concentration">Concentration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">Diffusion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Molecular_diffusion" title="Molecular diffusion">Molecular diffusion</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Force" title="Force">Force</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_fraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen fraction">Oxygen fraction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Permeation" title="Permeation">Permeation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychrometric_constant" title="Psychrometric constant">Psychrometric constant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry%27s_law" title="Henry's law">Henry's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Saturation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solution" title="Solution">Solution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supersaturation" title="Supersaturation">Supersaturation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surface_tension" title="Surface tension">Surface tension</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydrophobe" title="Hydrophobe">Hydrophobe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surfactant" title="Surfactant">Surfactant</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torricellian_chamber" title="Torricellian chamber">Torricellian chamber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_vision" title="Underwater vision">Underwater vision</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snell%27s_law" title="Snell's law">Snell's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_computer_vision" title="Underwater computer vision">Underwater computer vision</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_acoustics" title="Underwater acoustics">Underwater acoustics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">Weight</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apparent_weight" title="Apparent weight">Apparent weight</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas law">Gas laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amontons%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Amontons's law">Amontons's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boyle%27s_law" title="Boyle's law">Boyle's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles%27s_law" title="Charles's law">Charles's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combined_gas_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined gas law">Combined gas law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dalton%27s_law" title="Dalton's law">Dalton's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay-Lussac%27s_law" title="Gay-Lussac's law">Gay-Lussac's law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ideal_gas_law" title="Ideal gas law">Ideal gas law</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Absolute_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute pressure">Absolute pressure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambient_pressure" title="Ambient pressure">Ambient pressure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">Atmospheric pressure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gauge_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge pressure">Gauge pressure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydrostatic_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostatic pressure">Hydrostatic pressure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metre_sea_water" title="Metre sea water">Metre sea water</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Partial_pressure" title="Partial pressure">Partial pressure</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving physiology">Diving<br />physiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artificial_gills_(human)" title="Artificial gills (human)">Artificial gills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold_shock_response" title="Cold shock response">Cold shock response</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_reflex" title="Diving reflex">Diving reflex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Equivalent_narcotic_depth" title="Equivalent narcotic depth">Equivalent narcotic depth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maximum_operating_depth" title="Maximum operating depth">Maximum operating depth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physiological_response_to_water_immersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological response to water immersion">Physiological response to water immersion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_vision" title="Underwater vision">Underwater vision</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">Circulatory<br />system</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_reflex#Blood_shift" title="Diving reflex">Blood shift</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patent_foramen_ovale" class="mw-redirect" title="Patent foramen ovale">Patent foramen ovale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perfusion" title="Perfusion">Perfusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">Pulmonary circulation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Systemic_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic circulation">Systemic circulation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decompression_theory" title="Decompression theory">Decompression<br />theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Decompression models:
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm" title="Bühlmann decompression algorithm">Bühlmann decompression algorithm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haldane%27s_decompression_model" title="Haldane's decompression model">Haldane's decompression model</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reduced_gradient_bubble_model" title="Reduced gradient bubble model">Reduced gradient bubble model</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thalmann_algorithm" title="Thalmann algorithm">Thalmann algorithm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thermodynamic_model_of_decompression" title="Thermodynamic model of decompression">Thermodynamic model of decompression</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Varying_Permeability_Model" title="Varying Permeability Model">Varying Permeability Model</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Equivalent_air_depth" title="Equivalent air depth">Equivalent air depth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Equivalent_narcotic_depth" title="Equivalent narcotic depth">Equivalent narcotic depth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxygen_window_in_diving_decompression" title="Oxygen window in diving decompression">Oxygen window in diving decompression</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physiology_of_decompression" title="Physiology of decompression">Physiology of decompression</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)" title="Respiration (physiology)">Respiration</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93air_barrier" title="Blood–air barrier">Blood–air barrier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breathing" title="Breathing">Breathing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CO%E2%82%82_retention" class="mw-redirect" title="CO₂ retention">CO₂ retention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dead_space_(physiology)" title="Dead space (physiology)">Dead space</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gas_exchange" title="Gas exchange">Gas exchange</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypocapnia" title="Hypocapnia">Hypocapnia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Respiratory_exchange_ratio" title="Respiratory exchange ratio">Respiratory exchange ratio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Respiratory_quotient" title="Respiratory quotient">Respiratory quotient</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">Respiratory system</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Work_of_breathing" title="Work of breathing">Work of breathing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving environment">Diving<br />environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altitude_diving" title="Altitude diving">Altitude diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benign_water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign water diving">Benign water diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confined_water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Confined water diving">Confined water diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_diving" title="Deep diving">Deep diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inland_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland diving">Inland diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inshore_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inshore diving">Inshore diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muck_diving" title="Muck diving">Muck diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Night_diving" title="Night diving">Night diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open-water_diving" title="Open-water diving">Open-water diving</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-water diving">Black-water diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-water diving">Blue-water diving</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penetration_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Penetration diving">Penetration diving</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_diving" title="Ice diving">Ice diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">Wreck diving</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_environment" title="Underwater environment">Underwater environment</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental<br />factors</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">Algal bloom</a></li>
<li>Currents:
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Current_(stream)" title="Current (stream)">Current</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">Longshore drift</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">Ocean current</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rip_current" title="Rip current">Rip current</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tidal_race" title="Tidal race">Tidal race</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Undertow_(water_waves)" title="Undertow (water waves)">Undertow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">Upwelling</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ekman_transport" title="Ekman transport">Ekman transport</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halocline" title="Halocline">Halocline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">Reef</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stratification_(water)" title="Stratification (water)">Stratification</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thermocline" title="Thermocline">Thermocline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tides" class="mw-redirect" title="Tides">Tides</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turbidity" title="Turbidity">Turbidity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_wave" title="Wind wave">Wind wave</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breaking_wave" title="Breaking wave">Breaking wave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breaking_wave" title="Breaking wave">Surf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surge_(wave_action)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surge (wave action)">Surge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wave_shoaling" title="Wave shoaling">Wave shoaling</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Special_interest_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Special interest groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia" title="Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia">Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CMAS_Europe" title="CMAS Europe">CMAS Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coral_Reef_Alliance" title="Coral Reef Alliance">Coral Reef Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_Equipment_and_Marketing_Association" title="Diving Equipment and Marketing Association">Diving Equipment and Marketing Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divers_Alert_Network" title="Divers Alert Network">Divers Alert Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Fins" title="Green Fins">Green Fins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historical_Diving_Society" title="Historical Diving Society">Historical Diving Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karst_Underwater_Research" title="Karst Underwater Research">Karst Underwater Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naval_Air_Command_Sub_Aqua_Club" title="Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club">Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Project_AWARE" title="Project AWARE">Project AWARE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reef_Check" title="Reef Check">Reef Check</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reef_Life_Survey" title="Reef Life Survey">Reef Life Survey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Save_Ontario_Shipwrecks" title="Save Ontario Shipwrecks">Save Ontario Shipwrecks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SeaKeys" title="SeaKeys">SeaKeys</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Society_for_Underwater_Historical_Research" title="Society for Underwater Historical Research">Society for Underwater Historical Research</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-frogman_techniques" title="Anti-frogman techniques">Anti-frogman techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bathysphere" title="Bathysphere">Bathysphere</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Diver" title="The Diver">The Diver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence rescue vehicle">Deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LR5" title="LR5">LR5</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LR7" title="LR7">LR7</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSM-1" title="MSM-1">MSM-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mystic-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle">Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSRV-1_Mystic" title="DSRV-1 Mystic">DSRV-1 Mystic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSRV-2_Avalon" title="DSRV-2 Avalon">DSRV-2 Avalon</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO_Submarine_Rescue_System" title="NATO Submarine Rescue System">NATO Submarine Rescue System</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Priz-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle">Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_deep_submergence_rescue_vehicle_AS-28" title="Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28">Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_submarine_AS-34" title="Russian submarine AS-34">Russian submarine AS-34</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ASRV_Remora" class="mw-redirect" title="ASRV Remora">ASRV Remora</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SRV-300" title="SRV-300">SRV-300</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Type_7103_DSRV" title="Type 7103 DSRV">Type 7103 DSRV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/URF_(Swedish_Navy)" title="URF (Swedish Navy)">URF (Swedish Navy)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">Deep-submergence vehicle</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aluminaut" title="Aluminaut"><i>Aluminaut</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV_Alvin" title="DSV Alvin">DSV <i>Alvin</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_submarine_NR-1" title="American submarine NR-1">American submarine NR-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bathyscaphe" title="Bathyscaphe">Bathyscaphe</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archim%C3%A8de" title="Archimède"><i>Archimède</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FNRS-2" title="FNRS-2">FNRS-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FNRS-3" title="FNRS-3">FNRS-3</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=FNRS-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FNRS-4 (page does not exist)">FNRS-4</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe#Harmony_class_bathyscaphe" title="Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe"><i>Harmony</i> class bathyscaphe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe" title="Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe"><i>Sea Pole</i>-class bathyscaphe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathyscaphe Trieste II"><i>Trieste II</i></a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deepsea_Challenger" title="Deepsea Challenger"><i>Deepsea Challenger</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ictineu_3" title="Ictineu 3"><i>Ictineu 3</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/JAGO_(German_research_submersible)" title="JAGO (German research submersible)"><i>JAGO</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jiaolong_(submersible)" title="Jiaolong (submersible)"><i>Jiaolong</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Konsul-class_submersible" title="Konsul-class submersible"><i>Konsul</i>-class submersible</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=DSV_Limiting_Factor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSV Limiting Factor (page does not exist)">DSV <i>Limiting Factor</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_submarine_Losharik" title="Russian submarine Losharik">Russian submarine <i>Losharik</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nautile" title="Nautile"><i>Nautile</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pisces-class_deep_submergence_vehicle" title="Pisces-class deep submergence vehicle"><i>Pisces</i>-class deep submergence vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV_Sea_Cliff" title="DSV Sea Cliff">DSV <i>Sea Cliff</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV_Shinkai" title="DSV Shinkai">DSV <i>Shinkai</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV_Shinkai_2000" title="DSV Shinkai 2000">DSV <i>Shinkai 2000</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV_Shinkai_6500" title="DSV Shinkai 6500">DSV <i>Shinkai 6500</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV_Turtle" title="DSV Turtle">DSV <i>Turtle</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DSV-5_Nemo" title="DSV-5 Nemo">DSV-5 <i>Nemo</i></a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escape_trunk" title="Escape trunk">Escape trunk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McCann_Rescue_Chamber" title="McCann Rescue Chamber">McCann Rescue Chamber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Submarine_escape_training_facility" title="Submarine escape training facility">Submarine escape training facility</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Submarine_rescue_ship" title="Submarine rescue ship">Submarine rescue ship</a></li>
<li>Awards and events
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hans_Hass_Award" title="Hans Hass Award">Hans Hass Award</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Scuba_Diving_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame">International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/London_Diving_Chamber_Dive_Lectures" title="London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures">London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NOGI_Awards" title="NOGI Awards">NOGI Awards</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving" title="Category:Underwater diving">Category</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="Commons page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Underwater diving">Commons</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="List-Class article" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="List-Class article" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glossary_of_underwater_diving_terminology" title="Glossary of underwater diving terminology">Glossary</a></b></li>
<li><b>Indexes: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Index of recreational dive sites">dive sites</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_underwater_divers" title="Index of underwater divers">divers</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_underwater_diving" title="Index of underwater diving">diving</a></b></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Global_thinking.svg" class="image"><img alt="Global thinking.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_underwater_diving" title="Outline of underwater diving">Outline</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="Portal" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Underwater_diving" title="Portal:Underwater diving">Portal</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1588641875 |