Examine individual changes

'{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}} {{Infobox person | image = Richard garriott july 2008.jpg | name = Richard Garriott | citizenship = [[United States nationality law|American]], [[British nationality law|British]]<ref name=pcgcitizen>{{cite news|title=One on One With Richard 'Lord British' Garriott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZskAQAAIAAJ&dq |date=August 2007 |location=UK |work=[[PC Gamer]] |page=11 |accessdate=April 1, 2016|quote=PCG: 'How did you come by the alias of Lord British? You're obviously not English. Richard Garriott: 'Actually, that's not true&nbsp;... I am a British citizen. That said, I only lived there for about two months prior to moving to the States.'}}</ref> | birth_name = Richard Allen Garriott | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|7|4}} | birth_place = [[Cambridge]], England | occupation = [[Video game developer]] | known for = [[Ultima (series)|''Ultima'' series]]<br />[[Origin Systems]]<br />[[Space tourism|Private astronaut]] | awards = [[Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame|AIAS]] Hall of Fame Award (2006)<ref>{{cite web|title=D.I.C.E Special Awards|url=http://www.interactive.org/special_awards/details.asp?idSpecialAwards=1|accessdate=22 January 2017}}</ref> | relatives = [[Robert Garriott]] (brother) | parents = {{Plainlist | * [[Owen K. Garriott]] * Helen Garriott }} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Laetitia Garriott de Cayeux|Laetitia Pichot de Cayeux]]|2011}} | children = 2 | module = {{Infobox astronaut | child=yes | image = | type = [[Space Adventures]] private astronaut | rank = | selection = | time = 11d 20h 35m | mission = [[Soyuz TMA-13]]/[[Soyuz TMA-12|TMA-12]] | insignia = [[File:Soyuz-TMA-13-Mission-Patch.png|50px]] [[File:Soyuz TMA-12 Patch.png|50px]] |}} |}} '''Richard Allen Garriott de Cayeux''' (''[[né]]'' '''Garriott'''; born July 4, 1961) is an English-American [[video game developer|video-game developer]] and [[entrepreneur]]. Garriott, who is the son of [[NASA]] astronaut [[Owen Garriott]], was originally a [[game designer]] and [[game programmer|programmer]], and is now involved in a number of aspects of [[computer game|computer-game]] development. On October 12, 2008, Richard flew aboard the [[Soyuz TMA-13]] mission to the [[International Space Station]] as a [[space tourism|private astronaut]],<ref name="Chron">{{cite web|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6052360.html|title=$30 million buys Austin resident a ride on Soyuz mission|accessdate=October 12, 2008|publisher=[[The Houston Chronicle]]|year=2008|author=Mark Carreau}}</ref><ref name="garriottinspace">{{cite news| url = http://www.space.com/news/070928_garriott_spacetourist.html | title = Former Astronaut's Son Signs on as Next Space Tourist|author=Tariq Malik|publisher= SPACE.com | accessdate = October 9, 2007}}</ref> returning 12 days later aboard [[Soyuz TMA-12]]. He became the second astronaut, and first from the U.S., to have a parent who was also a space traveler. During his ISS flight, he created the first narrative film to be made in space, ''[[Apogee of Fear]]''. Garriott founded the video game development company [[Portalarium]] in 2009.<ref name="portal-about">[http://www.portalarium.com/index.php/about About – Portalarium] from official company website</ref> He is currently CEO and creative director of ''[[Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues]]''.<ref name="Google+">{{cite web|url=https://plus.google.com/112005436102690952317/posts/9DxEPYAu4ty|title=By the way...|first=Richard |last=Garriott de Cayeux|accessdate=August 1, 2011|publisher=Google+|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414165129/https://plus.google.com/112005436102690952317/posts/9DxEPYAu4ty|archive-date=2017-04-14}}</ref> == Early life == Richard Allen Garriott was born in [[Cambridge]], England on July 4, 1961,{{r|durkee19831112}}<ref name="CGW">{{cite news |date=March 1986 |periodical=[[Computer Gaming World]] |title=Inside Ultima IV |pages=18–21 |url=http://cgw.vintagegaming.org/galleries/index.php?year=1986&pub=2&id=26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227054521/http://cgw.vintagegaming.org/galleries/index.php?year=1986&pub=2&id=26 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-12-27 }}</ref> to Helen Mary Garriott ({{Nee|Walker}}) and [[Owen Garriott]], one of [[NASA]]'s first scientist-astronauts (selected in [[NASA Astronaut Group 4]]), who flew on [[Skylab 3]] and [[Space Shuttle]] mission [[STS-9]].<ref name="biography of Garriott">{{cite web|title=INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION|url=http://www.energia.ru/eng/iss/iss18/garriott.html|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Former Astronaut's Son Signs on as Next Space Tourist|url=http://www.space.com/4410-astronaut-son-signs-space-tourist.html|publisher=space.com|accessdate=27 May 2014|author=Tariq Malik}}</ref> Richard was raised in [[Nassau Bay, Texas]] from the age of about two months.<ref name=pcgcitizen/><ref name="biography of Garriott"/> Since his childhood, he has dreamed of becoming a NASA astronaut like his father. But eyesight problems revealed at the age of 13 blocked his ambition, and he engaged with computer game development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/nasa-said-no-my-astronaut-dream-so-i-found-another-ncna776056|title=NASA said no to my astronaut dream, so I found another way|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref> What Garriott later described as "my first real exposure to computers" occurred in 1975, during his freshman year of high school at [[Clear Creek High School (Texas)|Clear Creek High School]]. As he wanted more experience beyond the single one-semester [[BASIC]] class the school offered, and as a fan of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'', Garriott convinced the school to let him create a self-directed course in [[computer programming|programming]], in which he created fantasy computer games on the school's [[Teleprinter|teletype]] machine.<ref>Official Book of Ultima by Shay Addams, page 3-5</ref><ref name="garriott198807">{{cite news | title=Lord British Kisses and Tells All / as told by His Royal Highness, High King of Britannia | work=Computer Gaming World | date=July 1988 | url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1986&pub=2&id=26 | accessdate=3 November 2013 | author=Garriott, Richard | page=28}}</ref> Garriott later estimated that he wrote 28 computer fantasy games during high school.{{r|CGW}} A common part of his game pseudonyms is "British". Garriott uses the name to this day for his various gaming characters, including Ultima character [[Lord British]] and ''Tabula Rasa'' character [[General British]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic|last=King|first=Brad|author2=John Borland|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2003|isbn=0-07-222888-1|pages=11–12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7507052.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Science/Nature – Private mission set for ISS|last=BBC|first=News|date=2008-07-15|work=BBC News|accessdate=2008-11-11}}</ref>. The name was given to him by his first Dungeons and Dragons friends because he was born in the UK.<ref>"Richard Garriott's Ultima Story - Retro Tea Break," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU90N4Cbj10</ref> == Game design career == Garriott began writing computer games in 1974. His first games were created on and for teletype terminals. The code was stored on paper tape spools and the game was displayed as an ongoing print-out on the spools of printer paper produced by teletype machines. In summer 1979, Garriott worked at a [[ComputerLand]] store where he had his first encounter with Apple computers. Inspired by their video monitors with color graphics, he began to add [[perspective view]] to his own games. After he created ''[[Akalabeth]]'' for fun, the owner of the store convinced Garriott it might sell. Garriott spent [[United States dollar|US]]$200 printing copies of a manual and cover sheet that his mother had drawn, then he put copies of the game in [[Ziploc]] bags to sell at the store. Although Garriott sold fewer than a dozen copies of Akalabeth at the store, one copy made it to [[California Pacific Computer Company|California Pacific]], who signed a deal with him. The game sold over 30,000 copies, and Garriott received $5 for each copy sold.{{r|garriott198807}}<ref>''The Official Book of Ultima'', page 8</ref><ref name="ferrell198901">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/1989-01-compute-magazine/Compute_Issue_104_1989_Jan#page/n17/mode/2up | title=Dungeon Delving with Richard Garriott | work=Compute! | date=January 1989 | accessdate=10 November 2013 | author=Ferrell, Keith | page=16}}</ref> Akalabeth is considered the first published Computer Role Playing Game. In the fall, Garriott entered the [[University of Texas at Austin]], joined the school's [[fencing (sport)|fencing]] team and later joined the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]]. He created [[Ultima I]] while at the university. It was published by California Pacific Computers and sold in Ziploc plastic bags, as was common in those days. [[Steve Jackson Games]] (SJG) maintained a friendly relationship with Garriott and, when he visited the SJG office one day, Garriott was so impressed by the artwork of [[Denis Loubet]] that he commissioned him to paint the cover of ''[[Ultima I]]'' (1980). Loubet subsequently painted many other covers for Garriott's games.<ref name="designers">{{cite book|author=Shannon Appelcline|title=Designers & Dragons|publisher=Mongoose Publishing|year=2011| isbn= 978-1-907702-58-7|page=104}}</ref> In the early 1980s, Garriott continued to develop the ''[[Ultima (series)|Ultima series]]'' of [[computer game]]s, eventually leaving university to author them on a full-time basis.{{r|garriott198807}} Originally programmed for the [[Apple II]], the Ultima series later became available on several platforms. [[Ultima II]] was published by [[Sierra On-Line]], as they were the only company that would agree to publish it in a box together with a printed cloth map. By the time he developed [[Ultima III]], Garriott, together with his brother [[Robert Garriott|Robert]], their father [[Owen K. Garriott|Owen]] and [[Chuck Bueche]] established their own [[video game publisher]], [[Origin Systems]], to handle publishing and distribution, in part due to controversy with Sierra over royalties for the PC [[porting|port]] of Ultima II.<ref>''The Official Book of Ultima'' (second edition), page 25.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2008/03/04/warren-spector-interviews-every-bloody-one/|title=Warren Spector Interviews Every-Bloody-One|last=Gillen|first=Kieron|date=2008-03-04|website=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref name="durkee19831112">{{cite news | url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1983&pub=6&id=14 | title=Profiles in Programming / Lord British | work=Softline | date=Nov–Dec 1983 | accessdate=29 July 2014 | author=Durkee, David | page=26}}</ref> [[File:Richard garriott gdc 2018 cropped.jpg|thumb|right|Garriott, dressed as his "Lord British" persona, at the 2018 [[Game Developers Conference]]]] Garriott sold Origin Systems to [[Electronic Arts]] in September 1992 for 30 million dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/05/28/pimps-and-dragons |title=Pimps and Dragons |publisher=The New Yorker |date=2001-05-28 |accessdate=2014-07-29}}</ref> In 1997, he coined the term [[massively multiplayer online role-playing game]] (MMORPG), giving a new identity to the nascent genre previously known as [[graphical MUD]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Safko | first1 = Ron | last2 = Brake | first2 = David | title = The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success | publisher = Wiley | year = 2009 | isbn = 0-470-41155-4 | quote = Richard Garriott first coined the term ''MMORPG'' in 1997. | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/socialmediabible00safk }}</ref> In 1999 and 2000, EA canceled all of Origin's new development projects, including ''[[Privateer (video game)|Privateer]] Online'', and ''[[Harry Potter]] Online''.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://movies.ign.com/articles/200/200049p1.html | title = IGN: Harry Potter LEGO Redux | author = Linder, Brian | date = 2001-05-10 | accessdate = 2007-04-28}}</ref><ref name="kings fall 2">{{cite web | url = http://archive.gamespy.com/mmog/stratics/january02/stratics25/index2.shtm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217225517/http://archive.gamespy.com/mmog/stratics/january02/stratics25/index2.shtm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2007-12-17 | title = When Kings Fall: Part II of II | author = Matonis, Misty | date = 2002-01-05 | accessdate = 2007-04-28}}</ref> In the midst of these events, Garriott resigned from the company and returned to the industry by forming [[Destination Games]] in April 2000 with his brother and [[Starr Long]] (the producer of ''[[Ultima Online]]''). Once Garriott's non-compete agreement with EA expired a year later, Destination partnered with [[NCsoft]] where he acted as a producer and designer of MMORPGs. After that, he became the CEO of NCsoft Austin, also known as NC Interactive. ''[[Tabula Rasa (video game)|Tabula Rasa]]'' failed to generate a significant amount of money during its initial release, despite its seven-year development period. On November 11, 2008, in an open letter on the ''Tabula Rasa'' website, Garriott announced his plans to leave NCsoft to pursue new interests sparked by his spaceflight experiences. Later, however, Garriott claimed that the letter was forged as a means of forcing him out of his position and that he had had no intention of leaving.<ref name="Original Complaint">{{cite web|url=http://cdn2.libsyn.com/gamepolitics/Garriott-NCsoft-complaint.pdf?nvb=20090520223514&nva=20090521224514&t=0ffe5601febd3658ccd56 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520224515/http://cdn2.libsyn.com/gamepolitics/Garriott-NCsoft-complaint.pdf?nvb=20090520223514&nva=20090521224514&t=0ffe5601febd3658ccd56 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-05-20 |title=Wayback Machine |date=2009-05-20 |accessdate=2019-07-23}}</ref>{{Failed verification|talk=NCSoft lawsuit|date=April 2019}} Garriott reviewed and signed this announcement, but did not sign a resignation letter that had been drafted for him by NCSoft.<ref name="5th Circuit">{{cite web|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-5th-circuit/1583315.html|title=RICHARD GARRIOTT v. NCSOFT CORPORATION {{pipe}} FindLaw|date={{date|October 21, 2011}}|quote=Later that day, NCsoft sent Garriott a press release announcing his departure to Tabula Rasa fans. Garriott reviewed and signed the announcement, which stated that 'I am leaving NCsoft to pursue [other] interests.' }}</ref> On November 24, 2008 NCsoft announced that it planned to end the live service of ''Tabula Rasa''. The servers shut down on February 28, 2009, after a period of free play from January 10 onward for existing account holders.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eu.rgtr.com/en/news_article/an_open_letter_from_general_british| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081227034006/http://eu.rgtr.com/en/news_article/an_open_letter_from_general_british | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2008-12-27 | title = Richard Garriott’s Tabula Rasa – An Open Letter from General British | author = Garriott, Richard | date = 2008-11-11 | accessdate = 2008-11-11}}</ref> In July 2010, an Austin District Court awarded Garriott US$28 million in his lawsuit against [[NCsoft]], finding that the company did not appropriately handle his departure in 2008. In October 2011, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit]] affirmed the judgment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statesman.com/business/technology/appeals-court-upholds-garriotts-28-million-verdict-against-1933965.html |title=Appeals court upholds Garriott's $28 million verdict against NCsoft |author=Gaar, Brian |date=2011-10-25 |accessdate=2011-10-31 |publisher=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822151726/http://www.statesman.com/business/technology/appeals-court-upholds-garriotts-28-million-verdict-against-1933965.html |archivedate=2012-08-22 }}</ref> Garriott founded the company [[Portalarium]] in 2009. The company is developing ''[[Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues]]'', a [[spiritual successor]] to the [[Ultima (series)|Ultima series]], with Garriott having remarked that had they been able to secure the rights to the ''Ultima'' [[intellectual property]] from [[Electronic Arts]], the game could have become ''Ultima Online 2'' in name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://massively.joystiq.com/2011/12/12/garriotts-ultimate-rpg-clearly-the-spiritual-successor-to-ult/|title=Garriott's Ultimate RPG 'clearly the spiritual successor' to Ultima|author=Jef Reahard|work=Engadget|accessdate=20 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211022541/http://massively.joystiq.com/2011/12/12/garriotts-ultimate-rpg-clearly-the-spiritual-successor-to-ult/|archive-date=11 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-12-12-garriotts-ultimate-rpg-could-become-ultima-online-2|title=Garriott's Ultimate RPG could become Ultima Online 2|date=12 December 2011|work=Eurogamer.net|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBicXY_H2-I|title=LOGIN 2011 Keynote: Richard Garriott - The Next Big Games|date=25 June 2011|work=YouTube |accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4xfrVUj_c0|title=Lord British shall walk the streets of Britannia again!|date=2 June 2011|work=YouTube|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> On March 8, 2013, Portalarium launched a Kickstarter campaign<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/portalarium/shroud-of-the-avatar-forsaken-virtues-0 |title=Shroud of the Avatar Kickstarter Campaign |publisher=Portalarium |date=2013-04-08 |accessdate=2013-04-08}}</ref> for ''Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shroudoftheavatar.com/ |title=Shroud of the Avatar Home Page |publisher=Portalarium |date=2013-04-08 |accessdate=2013-04-08}}</ref> An [[early access]] version of the game was released on [[Steam (software)|Steam]] on November 24, 2014, and the game was fully released in March 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/11/25/shroud-of-the-avatar-released-early-access/ | title=Steaming: Shroud Of The Avatar Arrives On Early Access | work=[[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]] | first=Alice |last=O'Connor | date=2014-11-25 | accessdate=2016-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/portalarium/shroud-of-the-avatar-forsaken-virtues-0/posts/2146631|accessdate=April 18, 2018|publisher=Kickstarter|title=Launch is Here!|date=March 26, 2018|author=[[Starr Long]]}}</ref> == Spaceflight == In 1983 ''[[Softline (magazine)|Softline]]'' reported that "Garriott wants to go into space but doesn't see it happening in the predictable future ... He has frequently joked with his father about stowing away on a spaceship, and recently his speculations have been sounding uncomfortably realistic".<ref name="durkee19831112"/> The income from the success of Garriott's video game career allowed him to pursue his interest in [[spaceflight]], and the sale of Origin Systems allowed him to invest in [[Space Adventures]] and purchase the ticket to become the first private citizen to fly into space. However, Garriott suffered financial setbacks in 2001 after the [[dot-com bubble]] burst, and he was forced to sell his seat to [[Dennis Tito]].<ref name=Moth>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hakSN70_VWk |title=The Moth and the World Science Festival Present Richard Garriott: The Overview Effect |publisher=YouTube |date=2011-12-15 |accessdate=2013-03-08}}</ref> He then says he returned to making games, to make money, and once he had enough, put down a non-refundable deposit to go into space. During the mandatory medical examination, they found he had a [[hemangioma]] on his liver, which could cause potentially fatal internal bleeding if there was a rapid depressurization of a spacecraft. Told he had to either give up his large deposit, or undergo life-threatening surgery, he decided to have the operation, and now has a 16-inch scar from it. He spent a year in Russia training before he launched into space.<ref name="Moth" /> [[File:Iss017e021361.jpg|thumb|left|Richard Garriott (far right) aboard the ISS on October 23, 2008 with the MIT SPHERES Satellites]] On September 28, 2007, Space Adventures announced that Garriott would fly to the [[International Space Station]] in October 2008 as a self-funded [[space tourism|private astronaut]], reportedly paying $30 million [[United States dollar|USD]].<ref name="Chron" /><ref name="sg">{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceadventures.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.viewnews&newsid=554|title=Space Adventures Announces 1st Second Generation Astronaut |accessdate=October 12, 2008|publisher=Space Adventures, Ltd. |year=2008|author=Space Adventures, Ltd. }}</ref> On October 12, 2008, Garriott became the second second-generation space traveler (after [[Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov|Sergei Volkov]])<ref name="dna">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/topstories/2008-10-12-4272284269_x.htm|title=US game designer blasts into space with DNA cargo|date=October 12, 2008|accessdate=June 2, 2011|publisher=[[USA Today]]|author=Peter Leonard for [[The Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref name="msnbc">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25935535|title=Space tourist will pay high price for adventure|accessdate=October 12, 2008|publisher=[[NBC News]]|year=2008|author=Marcia Dunn for The Associated Press}}</ref> and the first offspring of an American astronaut to go into space,<ref name="Chron" /><ref name="dna" /><ref name="launch">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/10/soyuz-tma-13-set-to-launch-trio-to-iss/|title=Soyuz TMA-13 launches trio on journey to the ISS|accessdate=October 12, 2008|publisher=NASA Spaceflight.com|year=2008|author=Chris Bergin}}</ref> and the second person to wear the British [[Union flag]] in space.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article4930136.ece|title=Login|publisher=|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> The Soyuz docked with the station on October 14. His father, Owen K. Garriott, was at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]] for the launch of his son and was in attendance when a Soyuz capsule returned with his son twelve days later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Successful Lift Off For US Space Tourist – Space News – redOrbit|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1586145/successful_lift_off_for_us_space_tourist/|publisher=redorbit.com|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref> [[File:WinEarth screen Peru coast.png|thumb|right|Screen capture from [[Windows on Earth]], used by Garriott on ISS to identify targets for Earth photography. (Coast of Peru)]] During his spaceflight, Garriott took part in several education outreach efforts. As a part of that outreach program he worked with the free Metro newspaper in London, which provided him with a special edition containing details of British primary school student's space experiment concepts which Richard took to the ISS. The Metro has claimed as a result that it was the first newspaper in space.<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro is the first paper in space|url=http://metro.co.uk/2008/10/12/metro-space-newspaper-richard-garriott-cosmonaut-nasa-astronaut-23767/|website=Metro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenslade|first1=Roy|title=Metro is 'first newspaper in space'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2008/oct/13/pressandpublishing2|website=Guardian|publisher=Guardian, London}}</ref> He was an [[Amateur Radio]] Operator ([[call sign]] W5KWQ, now expired), and during his stay on the [[International Space Station]] (ISS), communicated with students and other Amateur Radio operators using Amateur Radio.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.southgatearc.org/news/september2008/richard_garriott_on_iss.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023421/http://www.southgatearc.org/news/september2008/richard_garriott_on_iss.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-10-08|title=Richard Garriott on ISS|author=Frank H. Bauer|publisher=Southgate Amateur Radio Club|date=2008-09-19|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> Garriott also transmitted photographs using the [[Amateur Radio on the International Space Station]] (ARISS) [[slow-scan television]] system. Garriott also placed a [[Geocaching|geocache]] while aboard the ISS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GC1BE91|title=International Space Station Traditional Geocache}}</ref> Garriott also worked with the [[Windows on Earth]] project, which provides an interactive, virtual view of Earth as seen from the ISS.<ref name="terc">{{cite web|url=http://winearth.terc.edu/garriott_mission/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227034301/http://winearth.terc.edu/garriott_mission/|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 27, 2008|title=Richard Garriott’s Mission in October, 2008|accessdate=October 12, 2008|publisher=Technical Education Research Centers|year=2008|author=TERC}}</ref> Garriott used Windows on Earth software to assist in the selection of locations on Earth to photograph, and the public were able to use the same online tool to track the ISS and see the view Richard was experiencing out an ISS window. Richard's photographs, along with images taken by his astronaut father [[Owen Garriott]] in 1973, will be available to the public through Windows on Earth, adding a personal element to studies of Earth and how Earth has changed over time.<ref name="terc" /> [[Tracy Hickman]] wrote a screenplay for Garriott, for the first science-fiction film shot in space, ''[[Apogee of Fear]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nathanshumate.com/?p=2092 |title=LTUE, Day 2. |publisher=Tachyon City (Nathan Shumate) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714155155/http://www.nathanshumate.com/?p=2092 |archivedate=2011-07-14 }}</ref> On October 24, Russian [[cosmonauts]] of ISS [[Expedition 17]], [[Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov|Sergei Volkov]] and [[Oleg Kononenko]], along with private astronaut Richard Garriott, aboard [[Soyuz TMA-12]] capsule, landed safely (ideal) at 09:36 (03:36[[GMT]], 07:36 Moscow time), 55 miles north of [[Arkalyk]], [[Kazakhstan]]. They were lifted to the Kazakhstan [[Baikonur]] space center by helicopter, and then flew to [[Zvezdny Gorodok]] (Star City), [[Moscow]] Region.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7688021.stm|title=Soyuz space capsule lands safely|publisher=BBC | date=October 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gZt_AYugND2J2vtj8iqD4H8aQ0fAD940NB780 ap.google.com, American, Russians return from space station]{{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20081024/117925644.html|title=Soyuz capsule safely lands in Kazakhstan - 2|author=Sputnik|date=24 October 2008|publisher=|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13204951&PageNum=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227065328/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13204951&PageNum=0|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2008|title=ITAR-TASS|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> On June 3, 2009, the ''[[New York Daily News]]'' announced that Garriott would officiate at the first wedding to be held in [[zero gravity]].<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[New York Daily News]] |date=3 June 2009 | title = So in love they could float away: Brooklyn couple to wed in zero gravity | last = Boyle | first = Christina | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/brooklyn/2009/06/03/2009-06-03_so_in_love_they_could_float_away_bklyn_couple_to_wed_in_zero_gravity.html | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref> The wedding took place in a specially modified [[Boeing 727-200]] aircraft, G-Force One, operated by [[Zero Gravity Corporation]], or ZERO-G, a company offering weightless flight experiences, of which he is the co-founder.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTRE55J22620090621|title=Couple floats into zero gravity nuptials|work=Reuters|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> In 2010 he was featured in a documentary, ''Man on a Mission: Richard Garriott's Road to the Stars'', which covered his spaceflight training and mission into orbit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1611990/|title=Man on a Mission: Richard Garriott's Road to the Stars (2010)|author=Heath Newburn|date=14 March 2010|work=IMDb|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> == Other accomplishments and interests == In 1986, Garriott helped start the Challenger Center for Space Science Education. His high school science teacher was June Scobee-Rogers, wife of Challenger Shuttle Commander [[Dick Scobee]], who piloted the [[STS-51-L]] mission. STS-51-L was intended to carry the first teacher in space flight, before it and its crew were tragically lost on lift off. Scobee drew on Garriott's early leadership in gaming, to help design what has become approximately 50 global interactive networked facilities, where students study about and perform simulated space missions.<ref>[http://www.spaceadventures.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.viewnews&newsid=599 Challenger Center / Space Adventures Announcement] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812015401/http://www.spaceadventures.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.viewnews&newsid=599 |date=2014-08-12 }}</ref> Garriott bought the [[Luna 21]] lander and the [[Lunokhod 2]] rover (both currently on lunar surface) from the [[Lavochkin]] Association for $68,500 in December 1993 at a [[Sotheby's]] auction in New York<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovermagazine.com/1994/apr/thebloconthebloc363|title=The Bloc on the Block|work=Discover Magazine|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> (although the catalog incorrectly lists lot 68A as Luna 17/Lunokhod 1).<ref>Sotheby's Catalogue – ''Russian Space History'', Addendum, Lot 68A, December 11, 1993</ref> Garriott notes that while UN treaties ban governmental ownership of property on other celestial bodies, corporations and private citizens retain such rights. Lunokhod 2 is still in use, with mirrors aligned to reflect lasers such that precise [[Earth-Moon distances]] can be measured. With his vehicle "still in use", Garriott claims property rights to the territory surveyed by Lunokhod 2. This may be the first valid claim for private ownership of extraterrestrial territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/8073-privately-owned-soviet-moon-rover-sparks-space-law-talks.html|title=Privately Owned Soviet Moon Rover Sparks Space Law Talks|work=Space.com|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> Lunokhod 2 held the record for distance traveled on the surface another planetary body, until it was surpassed by NASA's [[Opportunity Rover]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/187076-mars-rover-opportunity-breaks-longest-off-earth-driving-record-finally-beating-the-speed-freak-russians|title=Mars rover Opportunity breaks longest off-Earth driving record, finally beating the speed freak Russians - ExtremeTech|work=ExtremeTech|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> While not directly related to stage magic, Garriot is a fan of the collectible card game ''Magic: The Gathering'', and designed a card in the ''[[Magic 2015]]'' expansion set. Garriott built a [[haunted house]]/[[museum]] at his residence called [[Britannia Manor]] in [[Austin, Texas]]. Garriott's haunted house was stated to cost $50,000 each year and took two months to construct. In 1991 the haunted house event was cancelled, as Garriott was busy working on ''[[Ultima VII]]''.<ref name=theone>{{cite magazine|title = Garriott's House of Horror|date = April 1991|url = https://archive.org/details/theone-magazine-31/page/n37|magazine = The One|publisher = emap Images|issue = 31|page = 38}}</ref> Garriott promotes private space flight and served as vice-chairman of the board of directors for [[Space Adventures]]. He is also a trustee of the [[Ansari X Prize|X PRIZE Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xprize.org/about/board-of-trustees|title=Board Of Trustees|work=XPRIZE|accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref> Garriott performed the first Zero-G wedding on June 20, 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.space.com/6871-ny-couple-hitched-gravity.html|title=NY Couple Gets Hitched in Zero Gravity|work=Space.com|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qmul.ac.uk/alumni/notablealumni/honorarygraduates/|title=Honorary Graduates - Queen Mary University of London|website=www.qmul.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/shooter-jennings-enlists-marilyn-manson-brandi-carlile-for-countach-20160104|title=Shooter Jennings Readies Giorgio Moroder Album|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtual-strategy.com/2015/07/27/spacevr-adds-richard-garriott-video-game-and-space-entrepreneur-advisory-board#axzz3h9BIuuME|title=Archived copy|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017202341/http://www.virtual-strategy.com/2015/07/27/spacevr-adds-richard-garriott-video-game-and-space-entrepreneur-advisory-board|archivedate=2015-10-17|accessdate=2015-07-29}} From virtual-strategy.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/austin-personal-rapid-transit-idea|title=Is Austin Ready for Personal Rapid Transit? – Next City|last=Mondon|first=Marielle|date=2015-08-18|publisher=Nextcity.org|accessdate=2018-01-08}}</ref> with his wife [[Laetitia Garriott de Cayeux]].They have two children. Garriott wrote a memoir (with David Fisher) covering his accomplishments in games publishing and his spaceflight; entitled ''Explore/Create: My Life in Pursuit of New Frontiers, Hidden Worlds, and the Creative Spark'', it was published January 10, 2017. == Awards == * Garriott was named [[Ernst & Young#Sponsorship|Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award]] in 1992<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/19921201/6146.html|title=Regional Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=1992-12-01|work=Inc.com|access-date=2018-01-08|language=en}}</ref> * Garriott became the ninth inductee into the [[AIAS Hall of Fame|Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame]] in 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interactive.org/special_awards/details.asp?idSpecialAwards=1|title=Special Awards Details Page|last=Sciences|first=Academy of Interactive Arts &|website=www.interactive.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> * Garriott became the sixth recipient of the [[Game Developers Choice Awards#Lifetime Achievement Award|Game Developers Choice Lifetime Achievement Award]] in 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamechoiceawards.com/pr/pr_2006_0309.htm|title=Game Developers Choice Awards|website=www.gamechoiceawards.com|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> * Garriott received the [[British Interplanetary Society]]'s [[Sir Arthur Clarke Award]] for Best Individual Achievement in 2009<ref name="bis-space1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bis-space.com/what-we-do/the-british-interplanetary-society/awards|title=Honours and Awards|website=www.bis-space.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> * Garriott received the British Interplanetary Society's Astronaut Pin given to British born astronauts in 2009<ref name="bis-space1"/> * Garriott received the Society of NASA Flight Surgeons Lovelace Award for Contributions to Space Medicine in 2009 * Garriott was inducted into the [[Environmental Hall of Fame]] in 2010.<ref>[http://environmentalhalloffame.net/gg/RichardGarriottEnvironmentalist.pdf Richard Garriott, Environmentalist] from Environmental Hall of Fame</ref> == Games == {|class="wikitable" |- ! Game name !! First released !! Garriott's role(s) |- | ''[[Akalabeth: World of Doom]]'' || 1979 || Game designer & programmer |- | ''[[Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness]]'' || 1981 || Original conceptor, programmer & graphic artist |- | ''[[Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress]]'' || 1982 || Game designer |- | ''[[Ultima III: Exodus]]'' || 1983 || Project director |- | ''[[Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar]]'' || 1985 || Project director |- | ''[[Autoduel]]'' || 1985 || Programmer & designer |- | ''[[Ultima V: Warriors of Destiny]]'' || 1988 || Designer, writer & programmer |- | ''[[Omega (video game)|Omega]]'' || 1989 || Designer |- | ''[[Ultima VI: The False Prophet]]'' || 1990 || Designer, producer, sound effect worker, writer & voice actor |- | ''[[Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire]]'' || 1990 || Executive producer |- | ''[[Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams]]'' || 1991 || Creative director |- | ''[[Ultima (series)|Ultima: Runes of Virtue]]'' || 1991 || Creative director |- | ''[[Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss]]'' || 1992 || Director & voice actor |- | ''[[Ultima VII: The Black Gate]]'' || 1992 || Director & producer |- | ''[[Ultima VII: Forge of Virtue]]'' || 1993 || Creative assistance & producer |- | ''[[Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle]]'' || 1993 || Creative director & audio team member |- | ''[[Ultima VII Part Two: The Silver Seed]]'' || 1993 || Director & voice actor |- | ''[[Ultima VIII: Pagan]]'' || 1994 || Producer |- | ''[[Ultima (series)|Ultima: Runes of Virtue II]]'' || 1994 || Creative director & additional design |- | ''[[Ultima VIII: The Lost Vale]]'' || Cancelled || Producer |- | ''[[BioForge]]'' || 1995 || Executive producer |- | ''[[Ultima Online]]'' || 1997 || Producer |- | ''[[Ultima Online: The Second Age]]'' || 1998 || Executive designer |- | ''[[Lineage (video game)|Lineage]]'' || 1998 || Executive producer |- | ''[[Ultima IX: Ascension]]'' || 1999 || Director |- | ''[[Lineage II]]'' || 2003 || Executive producer |- | ''[[City of Heroes]]'' || 2004 || Executive producer |- | ''[[City of Villains]]'' || 2005 || Executive management |- | ''[[Tabula Rasa (video game)|Tabula Rasa]]'' || 2007 || Creative director & executive producer |- | ''[[Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues]]'' || 2018 || Creative director |} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == External links == {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category|Richard Garriott}} * {{Official website|1=http://www.richardgarriott.com}} * {{IMDb name|id=0308367}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081205060159/http://winearth.terc.edu/ Windows on Earth] {{Origin Systems}} {{Ultima}} {{space tourism}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Garriott, Richard}} [[Category:American video game designers]] [[Category:British video game designers]] [[Category:Video game businesspeople]] [[Category:Video game producers]] [[Category:Video game programmers]] [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:American technology company founders]] [[Category:Origin Systems people]] [[Category:Amateur radio people]] [[Category:American astronauts]] [[Category:British astronauts]] [[Category:Space tourists]] [[Category:Ultima (series)]] [[Category:People from Austin, Texas]] [[Category:People from Cambridge]] [[Category:People from Houston]] [[Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni]] [[Category:British people of American descent]] [[Category:20th-century American engineers]] [[Category:21st-century American engineers]] [[Category:21st-century British engineers]] [[Category:Game Developers Conference Lifetime Achievement Award recipients]]'