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'{{Infobox nerve | Name = Otic ganglion | Latin = ganglion oticum | Image = Gray782 updated.png | Caption = [[Mandibular division]] of [[trigeminal nerve]], seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion. | Image2 = Gray783.png | Caption2 = The otic ganglion and its branches.| Innervates = [[parotid gland]] | BranchFrom = [[lesser petrosal nerve]] | BranchTo = }} The '''otic ganglion''', also known as '''Arnold ganglion''', is a small [[parasympathetic ganglion]] located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. It is functionally associated with the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] and innervates the [[parotid gland]] for salivation. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the [[ciliary ganglion]], the [[submandibular ganglion]] and the [[pterygopalatine ganglion]]. ==Structure and relations== The otic ganglion is a small (2–3&nbsp;mm), oval shaped, flattened [[parasympathetic ganglion]] of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the [[auditory tube]], and the origin of the [[tensor veli palatini]]; posteriorly, with the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]]. Laterally, mandibular nerve ==Connections== The preganglionic [[parasympathetic]] fibres originate in the [[inferior salivatory nucleus]] of the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]]. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its [[tympanic nerve|tympanic]] branch and then pass via the [[tympanic plexus]] and the [[lesser petrosal nerve]] to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the [[auriculotemporal nerve]], which conveys them to the [[parotid gland]]. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects. Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the [[superior cervical ganglion]]. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the [[parotid gland]] via the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]. They are vasomotor in function. The sensory root comes from the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] and is sensory to the [[parotid gland]]. The motor fibers supplying the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]] and the [[tensor palati]] and the [[tensor tympani]] pass through the ganglion without relay. The ganglion is connected to the [[chorda tympani nerve]] and also to the [[nerve of the pterygoid canal]]. These pathways provide an alternate pathway of taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. These fibers do not pass through the middle ear. ==Clinical significance== [[Frey's syndrome]] in which salivation will induce perspiration at the parotid region, accompanied by [[erythema]]. ==Additional images== <gallery> File:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves. File:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system. </gallery> ==References== {{Gray's}} {{Reflist}} * {{cite journal |author=Shimizu T |title=Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study |journal=J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |year=1994 |pmid=7525688 |doi=10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1}} ==External links== * {{NormanAnatomy|cranialnerves}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|V}}, {{NormanAnatomyFig|IX}}) {{Cranial nerves}} {{Trigeminal nerve}} {{Autonomic}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck]] [[Category:Parasympathetic ganglia]] [[Category:Glossopharyngeal nerve]]'