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{{Chinese name|[[Wu (surname)|Goh]]}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = Goh Chok Tong
| native_name = {{nobold|吴作栋}}
| native_name_lang = zh-sg
| honorific_suffix = [[Singapore Parliament|MP]]
| image = GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Goh speaking to a reporter outside [[The Pentagon]] on 14 June 2001
<!--
| order = 1st
| office = Emeritus Senior Minister of Singapore
| term_start = 21 May 2011
| prime minister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
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| office1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| term_start1 = 28 November 1990
| term_end1 = 12 August 2004
| president1 = [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1990–1993)<br/> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] <br> (1993–1999)<br/> [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]] <br> (1999–2004)
| deputy1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] (1990–2004) <br> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1990–1993)<br/> [[Tony Tan Keng Yam]] (1995–2003)
| predecessor1 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| successor1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| constituency1 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]]
| office2 = [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]
| term_start2 = 12 August 2004
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| term_end2 = 21 May 2011
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| primeminister2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| deputy2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| successor2 = [[Teo Chee Hean]]<br /> (2019–present) <br> [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019–present)
| order3 =
| office3 = [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]]
| term_start3 = 15 November 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html |title=People's Action Party |work=Singapore Elections |accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref>
| term_end3 = 3 December 2004
| predecessor3 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| successor3 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| office4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| alongside4 = [[Ong Teng Cheong]]
| term_start4 = 2 January 1985
| term_end4 = 28 November 1990
| president4 = [[Devan Nair]] <br /> (1981-1985) <br> [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1985-1993)
| primeminister4 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| predecessor4 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]
| successor4 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] <br> [[Tony Tan]]
| office5 = [[List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]
| term_start5 = 1 June 1982
| term_end5 = 30 June 1991
| primeminister5 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (until 1990)<br>himself (1990 - 1991)
| predecessor5 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
| successor5 = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]
| office6 = [[List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]
| term_start6 = 6 January 1981
| term_end6 = 31 May 1982
| primeminister6 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| predecessor6 = [[Toh Chin Chye]]
| successor6 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
| office7 = [[List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]
| term_start7 = 15 March 1979
| term_end7 = 31 May 1981
| primeminister7 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| predecessor7 = Post created
| successor7 = [[Tony Tan]]
| constituency_MP8 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] (Marine Parade)<br /><small>[[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] (1976 - 1988)</small>
| term_start8 = 23 December 1976
| term_end8 = 23 June 2020
| predecessor8 = Seat created
| successor8 =
| birth_name = Goh Chok Tong
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|5|20}}
| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tan Choo Leng]]|1965}}
| party = [[People's Action Party]]
| children = {{unbulleted list|Goh Jin Hian (son)|Goh Jin Theng (daughter)}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Singapore]]<br />[[Williams College]]
| signature = Goh Chok Tong signature.png
| module = {{Infobox Chinese
| child = yes
| order = st
| s = 吴作栋
| t = 吳作棟
| p = Wú Zuòdòng
| poj = Gô͘ Chok-tòng
| y = Ngh Jok-dung
| j = Ng<sup>4</sup> Zok<sup>3</sup> Dung<sup>6</sup>}}
}}
'''Goh Chok Tong''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Parliament of Singapore|MP]]}} (born 20 May 1941) is a Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position. He is the only living former [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and holds the [[Title of honor|honorary title]] of "Emeritus Senior Minister".
He was the [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position from 1 November 1992 to 3 December 2004. He subsequently served as [[Senior Minister]] and Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) from 2004 to 2011.<ref name="monetaryauthoritychairmen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mas.gov.sg/who-we-are/Our-History|title=Our History|website=www.mas.gov.sg}}</ref> On 25 June 2020, it was announced that Goh would retire from politics after 44 years. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ge2020-goh-chok-tong-retire-politics-after-44-years-mp|title=Goh Chok Tong retire from politics|date=25 June 2020}}</ref>He was a [[Member of Parliament]] representing [[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] for 12 years and another 32 years after it was absorbed into [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]].
==Early life==
Goh was born in Singapore in 1941 to Goh Kah Choon and Quah Kwee Hwa, who hailed from the [[Minnan region]] of [[Fujian|Fujian province]] in China. He has Chinese [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]] ancestry.<ref>[http://www.fjdx.gov.cn/fjnj/contents/Y1998/qwgz.hrst.htm 闽籍华侨华人社团] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080405/http://www.fjdx.gov.cn/fjnj/contents/Y1998/qwgz.hrst.htm |date=22 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/153468.htm|title=吴作栋] 新加坡前总理吴作栋盛赞千岛湖开元}}</ref> Goh studied at [[Raffles Institution]] from 1955 to 1960. He was a very competitive swimmer in his younger days and was given the nickname "Bold".
Goh earned a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] with first class honours in [[economics]] from the [[National University of Singapore|University of Singapore]] and a [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in [[development economics]] from [[Williams College]] in 1967. After his studies, Goh returned to Singapore to work in the government.<ref name="Mauzy">Mauzy, Diane K. and R.S. Milne (2002). ''Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party''. Routledge {{ISBN|0-415-24653-9}}</ref> Goh's dream of getting a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] was disrupted as the government would not transfer his bursary bond to the university, where he had signed on as a research fellow after graduation. In 2015, Goh was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D.]] by his [[alma mater]], the National University of Singapore, for his contributions to the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/nus-confers-honorary-degrees-on-esm-goh-prof-saw-and-sir-richard-sykes|title=NUS confers honorary degrees on ESM Goh, Prof Saw and Sir Richard Sykes|last=hermesauto|date=6 July 2015|website=The Straits Times|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706103851/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/nus-confers-honorary-degrees-on-esm-goh-prof-saw-and-sir-richard-sykes|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Career at Neptune Orient Lines, 1969–1977 ==
In 1969, Goh was seconded to the shipping company [[Neptune Orient Lines]] (NOL) as the company's Planning and Projects Manager. His career advanced quickly and by 1973 he was the Managing Director. At NOL, Goh worked under the company's founder, [[Muhammad Jalaluddin Sayeed]], with whom he maintained close ties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm|title=Sayeed of Singapore, By Ardeshir Cowasjee, Dawn newspaper, 25 September 2005|access-date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305110515/http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm|archive-date=5 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Early political career==
In the [[1976 Singapore general election|1976 general election]], Goh, then 35, was elected as [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency]] as a [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) candidate. He was appointed as a [[Minister of State|Senior Minister of State]] for Finance. In 1981, he was promoted to [[Minister for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]] and later served in other appointments including [[Minister for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]] and [[Minister for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]].<ref>[http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm Goh Chok Tong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222193426/http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm |date=22 December 2005 }}, Cabinet of Singapore</ref>
In 1985, Goh became the first [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] and began to assume the responsibility of the government in a carefully managed leadership transition. According to [[Lee Kuan Yew]], his preferred successor was [[Tony Tan Keng Yam|Tony Tan]]. However, Goh was selected by the second generation of PAP leaders that included Tony Tan, [[Suppiah Dhanabalan]] and [[Ong Teng Cheong]]; Lee accepted their decision.<ref name="Mauzy"/>
== Prime Minister, 1990–2004 ==
[[File:SingaporeUS FreeTrade.jpg|thumb|208pix|Goh and U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] signing the [[US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement]] in the [[White House]], 6 May 2003.]]
On 28 November 1990, Goh succeeded [[Lee Kuan Yew]] and became the second Prime Minister of Singapore. Lee remained an influential member of Goh's [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]], holding the post of [[Senior Minister]]. The 1991 general elections, the first electoral test for Goh, led to the party winning 61% of the popular vote. In 1992, Lee handed over the post of Secretary-General of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) to Goh, successfully completing the leadership transition.
As Prime Minister, Goh promised a more open-minded and consultative style of leadership than that of his predecessor. This greater openness extended also to the socio-economic spheres of life, for instance, in his support for the rise of "little bohemias" in Singapore, enclaves where more creativity and entrepreneurship could thrive.<ref>Quoted in "Singapore can become an entrepreneurial society" by Eugene Low, The Business Times, 19 August 2002, and analysed in ''Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City'' by [[Koh Buck Song]], Marshall Cavendish 2011, page 160.</ref>
Goh's administration introduced several major policies and policy institutions, including:
* [[Central Provident Fund|Medisave]]
* [[Non-Constituency Member of Parliament|Non-Constituency Members of Parliament]]
* [[Government Parliamentary Committees]]
* [[Group representation constituency]]
* [[Nominated Member of Parliament|Nominated Members of Parliament]]
* [[Certificate of Entitlement|Vehicle Quota Scheme]]
* [[Presidential elections in Singapore|Elected President]]
* [[Singapore 21]]
During the period under Goh's administration, Singapore experienced several crises, such as the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], threats of terrorism including the 2001 [[Singapore embassies attack plot]] by [[Jemaah Islamiyah]], the 2001–2003 economic recession, and the [[Timeline of the SARS outbreak|2003 SARS outbreak]].
As Secretary-General, Goh led the PAP to three general election victories in 1991, 1997, and 2001, in which the party won 61%, 65% and 75% of the votes respectively. After the [[2001 Singapore general election|2001 general election]], Goh indicated that he would step down as Prime Minister after leading the country out of the recession.<ref name="Mauzy"/>
During an interview with [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] in July 2003, Goh surprised Singaporeans by announcing that his government was openly employing homosexuals, even in sensitive jobs, despite homosexual acts remaining illegal under [[Section 377A of the Penal Code (Singapore)|Section 377A of the Penal Code]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Singapore letting gays halfway out of the closet - smh.com.au|url = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true|website = www.smh.com.au|accessdate = 2015-12-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090210200338/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true|archive-date = 10 February 2009|url-status = live|date = 5 July 2003}}</ref> Although his announcement drew a strong backlash from conservatives, it nevertheless reinforced his image as an open-minded leader.
== Senior Minister, 2004–2011 ==
[[File:Goh Chok Tong, Potong Pasir rally.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Goh Chok Tong speaking at a rally at [[Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency|Potong Pasir]] during the 2006 general election. The banner behind him shows the campaign manifesto of the [[People's Action Party]], "Staying Together, Moving Ahead".]]
On 12 August 2004, Goh stepped down as Prime Minister and held a new position as [[Senior Minister]] in the [[First Lee Hsien Loong Cabinet|Cabinet]] of his successor, [[Lee Hsien Loong]]. On 20 August 2004, Goh assumed the position of Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]].<ref name="heritage.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalOrganizations/wm1177.cfm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-10-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026175331/http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalOrganizations/wm1177.cfm |archivedate=26 October 2006}}</ref> After a number of threats of terrorism in Singapore,{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Goh met local Islamic religious leaders in 2004 and made a visit to Iran, where he met Iranian president [[Mohammad Khatami]] and visited local mosques.
Goh subsequently visited other Middle Eastern countries as Senior Minister, with a view to improving diplomatic relationships and thus gaining wider opportunities for Singaporean businesses, especially in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
On 1 February 2005, Goh was appointed an honorary Companion of the [[Order of Australia]], Australia's highest civilian honour, "for eminent service to Australia-Singapore relations".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-21592|title=Transcript 21592 - PM Transcripts|website=pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411054906/http://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-21592|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 19 May 2005, Goh signed a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement with Israel's Finance Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] on a visit to Israel, superseding the agreement signed in 1971. Improvements in the agreement include enhancements to the withholding tax rate on interest income, which was reduced from 15% to 7%. This would benefit Singaporean businessmen with investments in Israel and vice versa, by ensuring they are not taxed twice.
Goh is a patron for the [[Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore)|Institute of Policy Studies]], a government [[think tank]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
In the [[2006 Singapore general election|2006 general election]], Goh was tasked to help the PAP win back the two opposition wards of Hougang and Potong Pasir.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/198700/1/.html | title=SM Goh to help PAP candidates win back Hougang, Potong Pasir seats | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321235428/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/198700/1/.html | archivedate=21 March 2006}}</ref> However, he was unsuccessful in this task, as [[Low Thia Khiang]] and [[Chiam See Tong]] retained their respective wards.
In 2006, Goh was briefly considered for the job of [[United Nations Secretary-General]]<ref name="unsg-candidates">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unsg.org/candidates.html|title=''Candidates for UN Secretary General''|publisher=UNSG.org|access-date=2007-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211051217/http://www.unsg.org/candidates.html|archive-date=2007-12-11|url-status=live}}</ref> but he lost out and the job eventually went to [[Ban Ki-moon]].<ref name="heritage.org"/>
In 2008, Goh was invited to join the [[InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government]], an independent international organisation of former world leaders.
On 24 January 2011, Goh announced that he would continue to seek re-election to Parliament at the [[2011 Singaporean general election|2011 general election]]. Over the following months, he progressively released snippets prior to the election on the importance of grooming a successor who could be part of the fourth generation PAP leadership to helm Marine Parade GRC in the long run.
== Emeritus Senior Minister, 2011 ==
After the 2011 general election, in which the opposition made unprecedented gains by winning a group representative constituency ([[Aljunied Group Representative Constituency|Aljunied]]), Goh and [[Lee Kuan Yew]] announced that they were retiring from the [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]] in order to give Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] and the rest of his team a clean slate from which they can make a fresh start in the new parliamentary term.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SM Goh, MM Lee to leave Cabinet|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128878/1/.html|newspaper=Channel NewsAsia|location=Singapore|date =14 May 2011|access-date=14 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515061344/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128878/1/.html|archive-date=15 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 18 May 2011, Lee Hsien Loong announced that Goh was to be appointed a senior adviser to the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]], and would be given the honorary title of "Emeritus Senior Minister".<ref>{{Cite news|title= PM Lee announces sweeping changes to Cabinet|url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1129632/1/.html|newspaper= Channel NewsAsia|location= Singapore|date= 18 May 2011|access-date= 28 May 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110528113127/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1129632/1/.html|archive-date= 28 May 2011|url-status= live}}</ref>
On 24 June 2011, Goh was awarded the Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] by the Japanese government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Goh Chok Tong to receive award from Japanese emperor|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1135932/1/.html|publisher=ChannelNewsAsia|accessdate=19 June 2011}}</ref>
On 4 May 2012, Goh was appointed as Patron for Advancement of the [[Singapore University of Technology and Design]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ESM Goh appointed Patron for Advancement of SUTD|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1199294/1/.html|publisher=ChannelNewsAsia|accessdate=19 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505154442/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1199294/1/.html|archive-date=5 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
On October 2014, the [[Madame Tussauds]] Singapore museum unveiled a wax figure of Goh. At its opening, Goh posed for pictures with his statue.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Lee, ESM Goh to have wax figures at Madame Tussauds Singapore|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/pm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf|accessdate=27 October 2014|agency=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027065010/http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/pm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 2 August 2018, Goh stated that ministerial pay is not enough and it will adversely impact the ability to attract competent people to join the government in the future. He also dismissed the idea of reducing the minister's salary as a populist move, a move that sparked controversy and public disapproval<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/esm-goh-ministers-not-paid-enough-harder-to-attract-people-to-government-in-the-future|title=ESM Goh: Ministers not paid enough; harder to attract people to government in the future|last=hermesauto|date=7 August 2018|website=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576|title='Salaries is not our starting point in looking for ministers': Goh Chok Tong responds to criticism of comments on pay|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=2018-08-09|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809090848/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576|archive-date=9 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
In an interview in 2019, Goh stated that he believed a 75% to 80% majority in Parliament, in the future, would constitute a 'strong mandate' for the Singapore government. In the same interview, he noted that he does not believe the electoral system needed any further tweaking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-must-have-strong-ruling-party-with-clear-majority-esm-goh|title=Singapore must have strong ruling party with clear majority: Goh Chok Tong|last=hermes|date=2019-05-27|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref>
On 4 August 2019, Goh made a [[Facebook]] post stating that he felt saddened by how his long-time friend, former PAP politician [[Tan Cheng Bock]], had "lost his way" by forming a new political party, [[Progress Singapore Party]] (PSP), to contest in the next general election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/it-saddens-me-to-see-how-tan-cheng-bock-has-lost-his-way-esm-goh-11780298|title='It saddens me to see how Tan Cheng Bock has lost his way': ESM Goh|date=4 August 2019|accessdate=5 August 2019|agency=Channel Newsasia}}</ref>
On 25 June 2020, Goh made a Facebook post announcing his retirement as a Member of Parliament for Marine Parade GRC after 44 years of service and will therefore retire from politics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MParader|url=https://www.facebook.com/MParader/posts/4257105704332063|access-date=2020-06-25|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=2020-06-25|title=Singapore GE2020: Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong retires from politics after 44 years as MP|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2020-emeritus-senior-minister-goh-chok-tong-to-retire-from-politics-after-44-years-as-mp|access-date=2020-06-25|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>
==Family ==
{{Wikiquote}}
Goh is married to [[Tan Choo Leng]] and they have a son and a daughter, who are twins. Their son, Goh Jin Hian, is a physician and their daughter, Goh Jin Theng, lives in London with her husband, Lee Craven.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* ''[http://nuspress.nus.edu.sg/products/impressions-of-the-goh-chok-tong-years-in-singapore Impressions of the Goh Chok Tong Years in Singapore]'' by Bridget Welsh, James Chin, Arun Mahizhnan and Tan Tarn How (Editors), Singapore: NUS Press, 2009.
* ''Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City'' by [[Koh, Buck Song]]. Marshall Cavendish, Singapore, 2011. {{ISBN|978-981-4328-15-9}}.
* Article on civil society in the Goh Chok Tong era – "What plants will grow under the tembusu tree?" by [[Koh Buck Song]], ''The Straits Times'' 9 May 1998.
* ''[https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/11149 Tall Order]'' by Shing Huei Peh, Singapore: World Scientific, 2018.
==External links==
{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=no|by=yes}}<br />{{s-start}}
{{s-off
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{{succession box
| before = New Post
| title = [[Minister for Finance (Singapore)|Senior Minister of State for Finance]]
| years = 1977–1979
| after = [[S. Dhanabalan]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = new post
| title = [[Minister for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]
| years = 1979–1981
| after = [[Tony Tan]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Toh Chin Chye]]
| title = [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]
| years = 1981–1982
| after = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
| title = [[Minister for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]
| years = 1982–1991
| after = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Goh Keng Swee]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| years = 1985–1990
}}
{{s-aft
| rows = 2
| after = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| rows = 2
| before = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| years = 28 November 1990 – 12 August 2004
}}
|-
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Senior Minister]]
| years = 12 August 2004 – 2011
}}
{{s-aft
| rows = 1
| after = [[Teo Chee Hean]] [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019)
}}
{{s-par|sg}}
{{s-new
| rows = 2|constituency
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Members of the Singapore Parliament|Member of Parliament]] for [[Marine Parade SMC|Marine Parade]]
| years = 1976–1988
}}
{{s-non
| reason = Constituency abolished
}}
|-
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Members of the Singapore Parliament|Member of Parliament]] for [[Marine Parade GRC]]
| years = 1988–2020
}}
{{s-inc
}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Secretary General of People's Action Party]]
| years = 1992–2004
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Corazon Aquino]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Chairperson of [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]
| years = 1992
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Banharn Silpa-archa]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Singapore PMs}}
{{Current Singapore MPs}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goh, Chok Tong}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Singapore]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of Singapore]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Singapore]]
[[Category:Chairmen of the Monetary Authority of Singapore]]
[[Category:People's Action Party politicians]]
[[Category:Honorary Companions of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:University of Singapore alumni]]
[[Category:Raffles Institution alumni]]
[[Category:Singaporean agnostics]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Hokkien descent]]
[[Category:Singaporean politicians of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Williams College alumni]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Minister for Defence of Singapore]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Chinese name|[[Wu (surname)|Goh]]}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = Goh Chok Tong
| native_name = {{nobold|吴作栋}}
| native_name_lang = zh-sg
| image = GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Goh speaking to a reporter outside [[The Pentagon]] on 14 June 2001
<!--
| order = 1st
| office = Emeritus Senior Minister of Singapore
| term_start = 21 May 2011
| prime minister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
-->| order1 =
| office1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| term_start1 = 28 November 1990
| term_end1 = 12 August 2004
| president1 = [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1990–1993)<br/> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] <br> (1993–1999)<br/> [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]] <br> (1999–2004)
| deputy1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] (1990–2004) <br> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1990–1993)<br/> [[Tony Tan Keng Yam]] (1995–2003)
| predecessor1 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| successor1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| constituency1 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]]
| office2 = [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]
| term_start2 = 12 August 2004
| alongside2 = [[S. Jayakumar]] (2009–2011)
| term_end2 = 21 May 2011
| president2 = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]]
| primeminister2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| deputy2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| successor2 = [[Teo Chee Hean]]<br /> (2019) <br> [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019)
| order3 =
| office3 = [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]]
| term_start3 = 15 November 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html |title=People's Action Party |work=Singapore Elections |accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref>
| term_end3 = 3 December 2004
| predecessor3 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| successor3 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| office4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| alongside4 = [[Ong Teng Cheong]]
| term_start4 = 2 January 1985
| term_end4 = 28 November 1990
| president4 = [[Devan Nair]] <br /> (1981-1985) <br> [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1985-1993)
| primeminister4 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| predecessor4 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]
| successor4 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] <br> [[Tony Tan]]
| office5 = [[List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]
| term_start5 = 1 June 1982
| term_end5 = 30 June 1991
| primeminister5 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (until 1990)<br>himself (1990 - 1991)
| predecessor5 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
| successor5 = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]
| office6 = [[List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]
| term_start6 = 6 January 1981
| term_end6 = 31 May 1982
| primeminister6 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| predecessor6 = [[Toh Chin Chye]]
| successor6 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
| office7 = [[List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]
| term_start7 = 15 March 1979
| term_end7 = 31 May 1981
| primeminister7 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| predecessor7 = Post created
| successor7 = [[Tony Tan]]
| constituency_MP8 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] (Marine Parade)<br /><small>[[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] (1976 - 1988)</small>
| term_start8 = 23 December 1976
| term_end8 = 23 June 2020
| predecessor8 = Seat created
| successor8 =
| birth_name = Goh Chok Tong
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|5|20}}
| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tan Choo Leng]]|1965}}
| party = [[People's Action Party]]
| children = {{unbulleted list|Goh Jin Hian (son)|Goh Jin Theng (daughter)}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Singapore]]<br />[[Williams College]]
| signature = Goh Chok Tong signature.png
| module = {{Infobox Chinese
| child = yes
| order = st
| s = 吴作栋
| t = 吳作棟
| p = Wú Zuòdòng
| poj = Gô͘ Chok-tòng
| y = Ngh Jok-dung
| j = Ng<sup>4</sup> Zok<sup>3</sup> Dung<sup>6</sup>}}
}}
'''Goh Chok Tong''' (born 20 May 1941) is a former Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position. He is the only living former [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and holds the [[Title of honor|honorary title]] of "Emeritus Senior Minister".
He was the [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position from 1 November 1992 to 3 December 2004. He subsequently served as [[Senior Minister]] and Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) from 2004 to 2011.<ref name="monetaryauthoritychairmen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mas.gov.sg/who-we-are/Our-History|title=Our History|website=www.mas.gov.sg}}</ref> On 25 June 2020, it was announced that Goh would retire from politics after 44 years. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ge2020-goh-chok-tong-retire-politics-after-44-years-mp|title=Goh Chok Tong retire from politics|date=25 June 2020}}</ref>He was a [[Member of Parliament]] representing [[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] for 12 years and another 32 years after it was absorbed into [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]].
==Early life==
Goh was born in Singapore in 1941 to Goh Kah Choon and Quah Kwee Hwa, who hailed from the [[Minnan region]] of [[Fujian|Fujian province]] in China. He has Chinese [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]] ancestry.<ref>[http://www.fjdx.gov.cn/fjnj/contents/Y1998/qwgz.hrst.htm 闽籍华侨华人社团] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080405/http://www.fjdx.gov.cn/fjnj/contents/Y1998/qwgz.hrst.htm |date=22 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/153468.htm|title=吴作栋] 新加坡前总理吴作栋盛赞千岛湖开元}}</ref> Goh studied at [[Raffles Institution]] from 1955 to 1960. He was a very competitive swimmer in his younger days and was given the nickname "Bold".
Goh earned a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] with first class honours in [[economics]] from the [[National University of Singapore|University of Singapore]] and a [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in [[development economics]] from [[Williams College]] in 1967. After his studies, Goh returned to Singapore to work in the government.<ref name="Mauzy">Mauzy, Diane K. and R.S. Milne (2002). ''Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party''. Routledge {{ISBN|0-415-24653-9}}</ref> Goh's dream of getting a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] was disrupted as the government would not transfer his bursary bond to the university, where he had signed on as a research fellow after graduation. In 2015, Goh was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D.]] by his [[alma mater]], the National University of Singapore, for his contributions to the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/nus-confers-honorary-degrees-on-esm-goh-prof-saw-and-sir-richard-sykes|title=NUS confers honorary degrees on ESM Goh, Prof Saw and Sir Richard Sykes|last=hermesauto|date=6 July 2015|website=The Straits Times|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706103851/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/nus-confers-honorary-degrees-on-esm-goh-prof-saw-and-sir-richard-sykes|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Career at Neptune Orient Lines, 1969–1977 ==
In 1969, Goh was seconded to the shipping company [[Neptune Orient Lines]] (NOL) as the company's Planning and Projects Manager. His career advanced quickly and by 1973 he was the Managing Director. At NOL, Goh worked under the company's founder, [[Muhammad Jalaluddin Sayeed]], with whom he maintained close ties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm|title=Sayeed of Singapore, By Ardeshir Cowasjee, Dawn newspaper, 25 September 2005|access-date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305110515/http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm|archive-date=5 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Early political career==
In the [[1976 Singapore general election|1976 general election]], Goh, then 35, was elected as [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency]] as a [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) candidate. He was appointed as a [[Minister of State|Senior Minister of State]] for Finance. In 1981, he was promoted to [[Minister for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]] and later served in other appointments including [[Minister for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]] and [[Minister for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]].<ref>[http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm Goh Chok Tong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222193426/http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm |date=22 December 2005 }}, Cabinet of Singapore</ref>
In 1985, Goh became the first [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] and began to assume the responsibility of the government in a carefully managed leadership transition. According to [[Lee Kuan Yew]], his preferred successor was [[Tony Tan Keng Yam|Tony Tan]]. However, Goh was selected by the second generation of PAP leaders that included Tony Tan, [[Suppiah Dhanabalan]] and [[Ong Teng Cheong]]; Lee accepted their decision.<ref name="Mauzy"/>
== Prime Minister, 1990–2004 ==
[[File:SingaporeUS FreeTrade.jpg|thumb|208pix|Goh and U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] signing the [[US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement]] in the [[White House]], 6 May 2003.]]
On 28 November 1990, Goh succeeded [[Lee Kuan Yew]] and became the second Prime Minister of Singapore. Lee remained an influential member of Goh's [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]], holding the post of [[Senior Minister]]. The 1991 general elections, the first electoral test for Goh, led to the party winning 61% of the popular vote. In 1992, Lee handed over the post of Secretary-General of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) to Goh, successfully completing the leadership transition.
As Prime Minister, Goh promised a more open-minded and consultative style of leadership than that of his predecessor. This greater openness extended also to the socio-economic spheres of life, for instance, in his support for the rise of "little bohemias" in Singapore, enclaves where more creativity and entrepreneurship could thrive.<ref>Quoted in "Singapore can become an entrepreneurial society" by Eugene Low, The Business Times, 19 August 2002, and analysed in ''Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City'' by [[Koh Buck Song]], Marshall Cavendish 2011, page 160.</ref>
Goh's administration introduced several major policies and policy institutions, including:
* [[Central Provident Fund|Medisave]]
* [[Non-Constituency Member of Parliament|Non-Constituency Members of Parliament]]
* [[Government Parliamentary Committees]]
* [[Group representation constituency]]
* [[Nominated Member of Parliament|Nominated Members of Parliament]]
* [[Certificate of Entitlement|Vehicle Quota Scheme]]
* [[Presidential elections in Singapore|Elected President]]
* [[Singapore 21]]
During the period under Goh's administration, Singapore experienced several crises, such as the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], threats of terrorism including the 2001 [[Singapore embassies attack plot]] by [[Jemaah Islamiyah]], the 2001–2003 economic recession, and the [[Timeline of the SARS outbreak|2003 SARS outbreak]].
As Secretary-General, Goh led the PAP to three general election victories in 1991, 1997, and 2001, in which the party won 61%, 65% and 75% of the votes respectively. After the [[2001 Singapore general election|2001 general election]], Goh indicated that he would step down as Prime Minister after leading the country out of the recession.<ref name="Mauzy"/>
During an interview with [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] in July 2003, Goh surprised Singaporeans by announcing that his government was openly employing homosexuals, even in sensitive jobs, despite homosexual acts remaining illegal under [[Section 377A of the Penal Code (Singapore)|Section 377A of the Penal Code]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Singapore letting gays halfway out of the closet - smh.com.au|url = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true|website = www.smh.com.au|accessdate = 2015-12-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090210200338/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true|archive-date = 10 February 2009|url-status = live|date = 5 July 2003}}</ref> Although his announcement drew a strong backlash from conservatives, it nevertheless reinforced his image as an open-minded leader.
== Senior Minister, 2004–2011 ==
[[File:Goh Chok Tong, Potong Pasir rally.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Goh Chok Tong speaking at a rally at [[Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency|Potong Pasir]] during the 2006 general election. The banner behind him shows the campaign manifesto of the [[People's Action Party]], "Staying Together, Moving Ahead".]]
On 12 August 2004, Goh stepped down as Prime Minister and held a new position as [[Senior Minister]] in the [[First Lee Hsien Loong Cabinet|Cabinet]] of his successor, [[Lee Hsien Loong]]. On 20 August 2004, Goh assumed the position of Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]].<ref name="heritage.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalOrganizations/wm1177.cfm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-10-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026175331/http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalOrganizations/wm1177.cfm |archivedate=26 October 2006}}</ref> After a number of threats of terrorism in Singapore,{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Goh met local Islamic religious leaders in 2004 and made a visit to Iran, where he met Iranian president [[Mohammad Khatami]] and visited local mosques.
Goh subsequently visited other Middle Eastern countries as Senior Minister, with a view to improving diplomatic relationships and thus gaining wider opportunities for Singaporean businesses, especially in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
On 1 February 2005, Goh was appointed an honorary Companion of the [[Order of Australia]], Australia's highest civilian honour, "for eminent service to Australia-Singapore relations".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-21592|title=Transcript 21592 - PM Transcripts|website=pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411054906/http://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-21592|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 19 May 2005, Goh signed a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement with Israel's Finance Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] on a visit to Israel, superseding the agreement signed in 1971. Improvements in the agreement include enhancements to the withholding tax rate on interest income, which was reduced from 15% to 7%. This would benefit Singaporean businessmen with investments in Israel and vice versa, by ensuring they are not taxed twice.
Goh is a patron for the [[Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore)|Institute of Policy Studies]], a government [[think tank]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
In the [[2006 Singapore general election|2006 general election]], Goh was tasked to help the PAP win back the two opposition wards of Hougang and Potong Pasir.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/198700/1/.html | title=SM Goh to help PAP candidates win back Hougang, Potong Pasir seats | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321235428/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/198700/1/.html | archivedate=21 March 2006}}</ref> However, he was unsuccessful in this task, as [[Low Thia Khiang]] and [[Chiam See Tong]] retained their respective wards.
In 2006, Goh was briefly considered for the job of [[United Nations Secretary-General]]<ref name="unsg-candidates">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unsg.org/candidates.html|title=''Candidates for UN Secretary General''|publisher=UNSG.org|access-date=2007-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211051217/http://www.unsg.org/candidates.html|archive-date=2007-12-11|url-status=live}}</ref> but he lost out and the job eventually went to [[Ban Ki-moon]].<ref name="heritage.org"/>
In 2008, Goh was invited to join the [[InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government]], an independent international organisation of former world leaders.
On 24 January 2011, Goh announced that he would continue to seek re-election to Parliament at the [[2011 Singaporean general election|2011 general election]]. Over the following months, he progressively released snippets prior to the election on the importance of grooming a successor who could be part of the fourth generation PAP leadership to helm Marine Parade GRC in the long run.
== Emeritus Senior Minister, 2011 ==
After the 2011 general election, in which the opposition made unprecedented gains by winning a group representative constituency ([[Aljunied Group Representative Constituency|Aljunied]]), Goh and [[Lee Kuan Yew]] announced that they were retiring from the [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]] in order to give Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] and the rest of his team a clean slate from which they can make a fresh start in the new parliamentary term.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SM Goh, MM Lee to leave Cabinet|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128878/1/.html|newspaper=Channel NewsAsia|location=Singapore|date =14 May 2011|access-date=14 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515061344/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128878/1/.html|archive-date=15 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 18 May 2011, Lee Hsien Loong announced that Goh was to be appointed a senior adviser to the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]], and would be given the honorary title of "Emeritus Senior Minister".<ref>{{Cite news|title= PM Lee announces sweeping changes to Cabinet|url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1129632/1/.html|newspaper= Channel NewsAsia|location= Singapore|date= 18 May 2011|access-date= 28 May 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110528113127/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1129632/1/.html|archive-date= 28 May 2011|url-status= live}}</ref>
On 24 June 2011, Goh was awarded the Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] by the Japanese government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Goh Chok Tong to receive award from Japanese emperor|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1135932/1/.html|publisher=ChannelNewsAsia|accessdate=19 June 2011}}</ref>
On 4 May 2012, Goh was appointed as Patron for Advancement of the [[Singapore University of Technology and Design]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ESM Goh appointed Patron for Advancement of SUTD|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1199294/1/.html|publisher=ChannelNewsAsia|accessdate=19 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505154442/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1199294/1/.html|archive-date=5 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
On October 2014, the [[Madame Tussauds]] Singapore museum unveiled a wax figure of Goh. At its opening, Goh posed for pictures with his statue.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Lee, ESM Goh to have wax figures at Madame Tussauds Singapore|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/pm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf|accessdate=27 October 2014|agency=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027065010/http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/pm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 2 August 2018, Goh stated that ministerial pay is not enough and it will adversely impact the ability to attract competent people to join the government in the future. He also dismissed the idea of reducing the minister's salary as a populist move, a move that sparked controversy and public disapproval<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/esm-goh-ministers-not-paid-enough-harder-to-attract-people-to-government-in-the-future|title=ESM Goh: Ministers not paid enough; harder to attract people to government in the future|last=hermesauto|date=7 August 2018|website=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576|title='Salaries is not our starting point in looking for ministers': Goh Chok Tong responds to criticism of comments on pay|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=2018-08-09|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809090848/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576|archive-date=9 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
In an interview in 2019, Goh stated that he believed a 75% to 80% majority in Parliament, in the future, would constitute a 'strong mandate' for the Singapore government. In the same interview, he noted that he does not believe the electoral system needed any further tweaking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-must-have-strong-ruling-party-with-clear-majority-esm-goh|title=Singapore must have strong ruling party with clear majority: Goh Chok Tong|last=hermes|date=2019-05-27|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref>
On 4 August 2019, Goh made a [[Facebook]] post stating that he felt saddened by how his long-time friend, former PAP politician [[Tan Cheng Bock]], had "lost his way" by forming a new political party, [[Progress Singapore Party]] (PSP), to contest in the next general election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/it-saddens-me-to-see-how-tan-cheng-bock-has-lost-his-way-esm-goh-11780298|title='It saddens me to see how Tan Cheng Bock has lost his way': ESM Goh|date=4 August 2019|accessdate=5 August 2019|agency=Channel Newsasia}}</ref>
On 25 June 2020, Goh made a Facebook post announcing his retirement as a Member of Parliament for Marine Parade GRC after 44 years of service and will therefore retire from politics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MParader|url=https://www.facebook.com/MParader/posts/4257105704332063|access-date=2020-06-25|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=2020-06-25|title=Singapore GE2020: Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong retires from politics after 44 years as MP|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2020-emeritus-senior-minister-goh-chok-tong-to-retire-from-politics-after-44-years-as-mp|access-date=2020-06-25|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>
==Family ==
{{Wikiquote}}
Goh is married to [[Tan Choo Leng]] and they have a son and a daughter, who are twins. Their son, Goh Jin Hian, is a physician and their daughter, Goh Jin Theng, lives in London with her husband, Lee Craven.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* ''[http://nuspress.nus.edu.sg/products/impressions-of-the-goh-chok-tong-years-in-singapore Impressions of the Goh Chok Tong Years in Singapore]'' by Bridget Welsh, James Chin, Arun Mahizhnan and Tan Tarn How (Editors), Singapore: NUS Press, 2009.
* ''Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City'' by [[Koh, Buck Song]]. Marshall Cavendish, Singapore, 2011. {{ISBN|978-981-4328-15-9}}.
* Article on civil society in the Goh Chok Tong era – "What plants will grow under the tembusu tree?" by [[Koh Buck Song]], ''The Straits Times'' 9 May 1998.
* ''[https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/11149 Tall Order]'' by Shing Huei Peh, Singapore: World Scientific, 2018.
==External links==
{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=no|by=yes}}<br />{{s-start}}
{{s-off
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{{succession box
| before = New Post
| title = [[Minister for Finance (Singapore)|Senior Minister of State for Finance]]
| years = 1977–1979
| after = [[S. Dhanabalan]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = new post
| title = [[Minister for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]
| years = 1979–1981
| after = [[Tony Tan]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Toh Chin Chye]]
| title = [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]
| years = 1981–1982
| after = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
| title = [[Minister for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]
| years = 1982–1991
| after = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Goh Keng Swee]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| years = 1985–1990
}}
{{s-aft
| rows = 2
| after = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| rows = 2
| before = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
| years = 28 November 1990 – 12 August 2004
}}
|-
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Senior Minister]]
| years = 12 August 2004 – 2011
}}
{{s-aft
| rows = 1
| after = [[Teo Chee Hean]] [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019)
}}
{{s-par|sg}}
{{s-new
| rows = 2|constituency
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Members of the Singapore Parliament|Member of Parliament]] for [[Marine Parade SMC|Marine Parade]]
| years = 1976–1988
}}
{{s-non
| reason = Constituency abolished
}}
|-
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Members of the Singapore Parliament|Member of Parliament]] for [[Marine Parade GRC]]
| years = 1988–2020
}}
{{s-inc
}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Secretary General of People's Action Party]]
| years = 1992–2004
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Corazon Aquino]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Chairperson of [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]
| years = 1992
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Banharn Silpa-archa]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Singapore PMs}}
{{Current Singapore MPs}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goh, Chok Tong}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Singapore]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of Singapore]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Singapore]]
[[Category:Chairmen of the Monetary Authority of Singapore]]
[[Category:People's Action Party politicians]]
[[Category:Honorary Companions of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:University of Singapore alumni]]
[[Category:Raffles Institution alumni]]
[[Category:Singaporean agnostics]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Hokkien descent]]
[[Category:Singaporean politicians of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Williams College alumni]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Minister for Defence of Singapore]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
{{Chinese name|[[Wu (surname)|Goh]]}}
{{Infobox officeholder
-| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
-| name = Goh Chok Tong
-| native_name = {{nobold|吴作栋}}
-| native_name_lang = zh-sg
-| honorific_suffix = [[Singapore Parliament|MP]]
-| image = GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg
-| image_size = 180px
-| caption = Goh speaking to a reporter outside [[The Pentagon]] on 14 June 2001
+| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
+| name = Goh Chok Tong
+| native_name = {{nobold|吴作栋}}
+| native_name_lang = zh-sg
+| image = GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg
+| image_size = 180px
+| caption = Goh speaking to a reporter outside [[The Pentagon]] on 14 June 2001
<!--
| order = 1st
@@ -15,68 +14,68 @@
| term_start = 21 May 2011
| prime minister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
--->| order1 =
-| office1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
-| term_start1 = 28 November 1990
-| term_end1 = 12 August 2004
-| president1 = [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1990–1993)<br/> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] <br> (1993–1999)<br/> [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]] <br> (1999–2004)
-| deputy1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] (1990–2004) <br> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1990–1993)<br/> [[Tony Tan Keng Yam]] (1995–2003)
-| predecessor1 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
-| successor1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
+-->| order1 =
+| office1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
+| term_start1 = 28 November 1990
+| term_end1 = 12 August 2004
+| president1 = [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1990–1993)<br/> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] <br> (1993–1999)<br/> [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]] <br> (1999–2004)
+| deputy1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] (1990–2004) <br> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1990–1993)<br/> [[Tony Tan Keng Yam]] (1995–2003)
+| predecessor1 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
+| successor1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| constituency1 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]]
-| office2 = [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]
-| term_start2 = 12 August 2004
-| alongside2 = [[S. Jayakumar]] (2009–2011)
-| term_end2 = 21 May 2011
-| president2 = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]]
-| primeminister2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
-| deputy2 =
-| predecessor2 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
-| successor2 = [[Teo Chee Hean]]<br /> (2019–present) <br> [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019–present)
-| order3 =
-| office3 = [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]]
-| term_start3 = 15 November 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html |title=People's Action Party |work=Singapore Elections |accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref>
-| term_end3 = 3 December 2004
-| predecessor3 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
-| successor3 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
-| office4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]
-| alongside4 = [[Ong Teng Cheong]]
-| term_start4 = 2 January 1985
-| term_end4 = 28 November 1990
-| president4 = [[Devan Nair]] <br /> (1981-1985) <br> [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1985-1993)
-| primeminister4 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
-| predecessor4 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]
-| successor4 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] <br> [[Tony Tan]]
-| office5 = [[List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]
-| term_start5 = 1 June 1982
-| term_end5 = 30 June 1991
-| primeminister5 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (until 1990)<br>himself (1990 - 1991)
-| predecessor5 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
-| successor5 = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]
-| office6 = [[List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]
-| term_start6 = 6 January 1981
-| term_end6 = 31 May 1982
-| primeminister6 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
-| predecessor6 = [[Toh Chin Chye]]
-| successor6 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
-| office7 = [[List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]
-| term_start7 = 15 March 1979
-| term_end7 = 31 May 1981
-| primeminister7 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
-| predecessor7 = Post created
-| successor7 = [[Tony Tan]]
-| constituency_MP8 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] (Marine Parade)<br /><small>[[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] (1976 - 1988)</small>
-| term_start8 = 23 December 1976
-| term_end8 = 23 June 2020
-| predecessor8 = Seat created
-| successor8 =
-| birth_name = Goh Chok Tong
-| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|5|20}}
-| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]
-| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tan Choo Leng]]|1965}}
-| party = [[People's Action Party]]
-| children = {{unbulleted list|Goh Jin Hian (son)|Goh Jin Theng (daughter)}}
-| alma_mater = [[University of Singapore]]<br />[[Williams College]]
-| signature = Goh Chok Tong signature.png
-| module = {{Infobox Chinese
+| office2 = [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]
+| term_start2 = 12 August 2004
+| alongside2 = [[S. Jayakumar]] (2009–2011)
+| term_end2 = 21 May 2011
+| president2 = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]]
+| primeminister2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
+| deputy2 =
+| predecessor2 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
+| successor2 = [[Teo Chee Hean]]<br /> (2019) <br> [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019)
+| order3 =
+| office3 = [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]]
+| term_start3 = 15 November 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html |title=People's Action Party |work=Singapore Elections |accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref>
+| term_end3 = 3 December 2004
+| predecessor3 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
+| successor3 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
+| office4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]
+| alongside4 = [[Ong Teng Cheong]]
+| term_start4 = 2 January 1985
+| term_end4 = 28 November 1990
+| president4 = [[Devan Nair]] <br /> (1981-1985) <br> [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1985-1993)
+| primeminister4 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
+| predecessor4 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]
+| successor4 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] <br> [[Tony Tan]]
+| office5 = [[List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]
+| term_start5 = 1 June 1982
+| term_end5 = 30 June 1991
+| primeminister5 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (until 1990)<br>himself (1990 - 1991)
+| predecessor5 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
+| successor5 = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]
+| office6 = [[List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]
+| term_start6 = 6 January 1981
+| term_end6 = 31 May 1982
+| primeminister6 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
+| predecessor6 = [[Toh Chin Chye]]
+| successor6 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]
+| office7 = [[List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]
+| term_start7 = 15 March 1979
+| term_end7 = 31 May 1981
+| primeminister7 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
+| predecessor7 = Post created
+| successor7 = [[Tony Tan]]
+| constituency_MP8 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] (Marine Parade)<br /><small>[[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] (1976 - 1988)</small>
+| term_start8 = 23 December 1976
+| term_end8 = 23 June 2020
+| predecessor8 = Seat created
+| successor8 =
+| birth_name = Goh Chok Tong
+| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|5|20}}
+| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]
+| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tan Choo Leng]]|1965}}
+| party = [[People's Action Party]]
+| children = {{unbulleted list|Goh Jin Hian (son)|Goh Jin Theng (daughter)}}
+| alma_mater = [[University of Singapore]]<br />[[Williams College]]
+| signature = Goh Chok Tong signature.png
+| module = {{Infobox Chinese
| child = yes
| order = st
@@ -88,5 +87,5 @@
| j = Ng<sup>4</sup> Zok<sup>3</sup> Dung<sup>6</sup>}}
}}
-'''Goh Chok Tong''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Parliament of Singapore|MP]]}} (born 20 May 1941) is a Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position. He is the only living former [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and holds the [[Title of honor|honorary title]] of "Emeritus Senior Minister".
+'''Goh Chok Tong''' (born 20 May 1941) is a former Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position. He is the only living former [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and holds the [[Title of honor|honorary title]] of "Emeritus Senior Minister".
He was the [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position from 1 November 1992 to 3 December 2004. He subsequently served as [[Senior Minister]] and Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) from 2004 to 2011.<ref name="monetaryauthoritychairmen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mas.gov.sg/who-we-are/Our-History|title=Our History|website=www.mas.gov.sg}}</ref> On 25 June 2020, it was announced that Goh would retire from politics after 44 years. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ge2020-goh-chok-tong-retire-politics-after-44-years-mp|title=Goh Chok Tong retire from politics|date=25 June 2020}}</ref>He was a [[Member of Parliament]] representing [[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] for 12 years and another 32 years after it was absorbed into [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]].
' |
New page size (new_size) | 27730 |
Old page size (old_size) | 27248 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 482 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]',
1 => '| name = Goh Chok Tong',
2 => '| native_name = {{nobold|吴作栋}}',
3 => '| native_name_lang = zh-sg',
4 => '| image = GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg',
5 => '| image_size = 180px',
6 => '| caption = Goh speaking to a reporter outside [[The Pentagon]] on 14 June 2001',
7 => '-->| order1 = ',
8 => '| office1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]',
9 => '| term_start1 = 28 November 1990',
10 => '| term_end1 = 12 August 2004',
11 => '| president1 = [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1990–1993)<br/> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] <br> (1993–1999)<br/> [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]] <br> (1999–2004)',
12 => '| deputy1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] (1990–2004) <br> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1990–1993)<br/> [[Tony Tan Keng Yam]] (1995–2003)',
13 => '| predecessor1 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
14 => '| successor1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]',
15 => '| office2 = [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]',
16 => '| term_start2 = 12 August 2004',
17 => '| alongside2 = [[S. Jayakumar]] (2009–2011)',
18 => '| term_end2 = 21 May 2011',
19 => '| president2 = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]]',
20 => '| primeminister2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]',
21 => '| deputy2 = ',
22 => '| predecessor2 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
23 => '| successor2 = [[Teo Chee Hean]]<br /> (2019) <br> [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019)',
24 => '| order3 = ',
25 => '| office3 = [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]]',
26 => '| term_start3 = 15 November 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html |title=People's Action Party |work=Singapore Elections |accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref>',
27 => '| term_end3 = 3 December 2004',
28 => '| predecessor3 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
29 => '| successor3 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]',
30 => '| office4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]',
31 => '| alongside4 = [[Ong Teng Cheong]]',
32 => '| term_start4 = 2 January 1985',
33 => '| term_end4 = 28 November 1990',
34 => '| president4 = [[Devan Nair]] <br /> (1981-1985) <br> [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1985-1993)',
35 => '| primeminister4 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
36 => '| predecessor4 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]',
37 => '| successor4 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] <br> [[Tony Tan]]',
38 => '| office5 = [[List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]',
39 => '| term_start5 = 1 June 1982',
40 => '| term_end5 = 30 June 1991',
41 => '| primeminister5 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (until 1990)<br>himself (1990 - 1991)',
42 => '| predecessor5 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]',
43 => '| successor5 = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]',
44 => '| office6 = [[List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]',
45 => '| term_start6 = 6 January 1981',
46 => '| term_end6 = 31 May 1982',
47 => '| primeminister6 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
48 => '| predecessor6 = [[Toh Chin Chye]]',
49 => '| successor6 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]',
50 => '| office7 = [[List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]',
51 => '| term_start7 = 15 March 1979',
52 => '| term_end7 = 31 May 1981',
53 => '| primeminister7 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
54 => '| predecessor7 = Post created',
55 => '| successor7 = [[Tony Tan]]',
56 => '| constituency_MP8 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] (Marine Parade)<br /><small>[[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] (1976 - 1988)</small>',
57 => '| term_start8 = 23 December 1976',
58 => '| term_end8 = 23 June 2020',
59 => '| predecessor8 = Seat created',
60 => '| successor8 = ',
61 => '| birth_name = Goh Chok Tong',
62 => '| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|5|20}}',
63 => '| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]',
64 => '| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tan Choo Leng]]|1965}}',
65 => '| party = [[People's Action Party]]',
66 => '| children = {{unbulleted list|Goh Jin Hian (son)|Goh Jin Theng (daughter)}}',
67 => '| alma_mater = [[University of Singapore]]<br />[[Williams College]]',
68 => '| signature = Goh Chok Tong signature.png',
69 => '| module = {{Infobox Chinese',
70 => ''''Goh Chok Tong''' (born 20 May 1941) is a former Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position. He is the only living former [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and holds the [[Title of honor|honorary title]] of "Emeritus Senior Minister".'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]',
1 => '| name = Goh Chok Tong',
2 => '| native_name = {{nobold|吴作栋}}',
3 => '| native_name_lang = zh-sg',
4 => '| honorific_suffix = [[Singapore Parliament|MP]]',
5 => '| image = GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg',
6 => '| image_size = 180px',
7 => '| caption = Goh speaking to a reporter outside [[The Pentagon]] on 14 June 2001',
8 => '-->| order1 = ',
9 => '| office1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]',
10 => '| term_start1 = 28 November 1990',
11 => '| term_end1 = 12 August 2004',
12 => '| president1 = [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1990–1993)<br/> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] <br> (1993–1999)<br/> [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]] <br> (1999–2004)',
13 => '| deputy1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] (1990–2004) <br> [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1990–1993)<br/> [[Tony Tan Keng Yam]] (1995–2003)',
14 => '| predecessor1 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
15 => '| successor1 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]',
16 => '| office2 = [[Senior Minister of Singapore]]',
17 => '| term_start2 = 12 August 2004',
18 => '| alongside2 = [[S. Jayakumar]] (2009–2011)',
19 => '| term_end2 = 21 May 2011',
20 => '| president2 = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S.R. Nathan]]',
21 => '| primeminister2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]',
22 => '| deputy2 = ',
23 => '| predecessor2 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
24 => '| successor2 = [[Teo Chee Hean]]<br /> (2019–present) <br> [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (2019–present)',
25 => '| order3 = ',
26 => '| office3 = [[Secretary-General of the People's Action Party]]',
27 => '| term_start3 = 15 November 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html |title=People's Action Party |work=Singapore Elections |accessdate=9 April 2020}}</ref>',
28 => '| term_end3 = 3 December 2004',
29 => '| predecessor3 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
30 => '| successor3 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]',
31 => '| office4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore]]',
32 => '| alongside4 = [[Ong Teng Cheong]]',
33 => '| term_start4 = 2 January 1985',
34 => '| term_end4 = 28 November 1990',
35 => '| president4 = [[Devan Nair]] <br /> (1981-1985) <br> [[Wee Kim Wee]] <br> (1985-1993)',
36 => '| primeminister4 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
37 => '| predecessor4 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]',
38 => '| successor4 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] <br> [[Tony Tan]]',
39 => '| office5 = [[List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)|Minister for Defence]]',
40 => '| term_start5 = 1 June 1982',
41 => '| term_end5 = 30 June 1991',
42 => '| primeminister5 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (until 1990)<br>himself (1990 - 1991)',
43 => '| predecessor5 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]',
44 => '| successor5 = [[Yeo Ning Hong]]',
45 => '| office6 = [[List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]]',
46 => '| term_start6 = 6 January 1981',
47 => '| term_end6 = 31 May 1982',
48 => '| primeminister6 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
49 => '| predecessor6 = [[Toh Chin Chye]]',
50 => '| successor6 = [[Howe Yoon Chong]]',
51 => '| office7 = [[List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]',
52 => '| term_start7 = 15 March 1979',
53 => '| term_end7 = 31 May 1981',
54 => '| primeminister7 = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]',
55 => '| predecessor7 = Post created',
56 => '| successor7 = [[Tony Tan]]',
57 => '| constituency_MP8 = [[Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency|Marine Parade GRC]] (Marine Parade)<br /><small>[[Marine Parade Single Member Constituency|Marine Parade SMC]] (1976 - 1988)</small>',
58 => '| term_start8 = 23 December 1976',
59 => '| term_end8 = 23 June 2020',
60 => '| predecessor8 = Seat created',
61 => '| successor8 = ',
62 => '| birth_name = Goh Chok Tong',
63 => '| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|5|20}}',
64 => '| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]',
65 => '| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tan Choo Leng]]|1965}}',
66 => '| party = [[People's Action Party]] ',
67 => '| children = {{unbulleted list|Goh Jin Hian (son)|Goh Jin Theng (daughter)}}',
68 => '| alma_mater = [[University of Singapore]]<br />[[Williams College]]',
69 => '| signature = Goh Chok Tong signature.png',
70 => '| module = {{Infobox Chinese',
71 => ''''Goh Chok Tong''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Parliament of Singapore|MP]]}} (born 20 May 1941) is a Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] after [[Lee Kuan Yew]] stepped down from position. He is the only living former [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and holds the [[Title of honor|honorary title]] of "Emeritus Senior Minister".'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/pap.html',
1 => 'https://www.mas.gov.sg/who-we-are/Our-History',
2 => 'https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ge2020-goh-chok-tong-retire-politics-after-44-years-mp',
3 => 'http://www.fjdx.gov.cn/fjnj/contents/Y1998/qwgz.hrst.htm',
4 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080405/http://www.fjdx.gov.cn/fjnj/contents/Y1998/qwgz.hrst.htm',
5 => 'http://baike.baidu.com/view/153468.htm',
6 => 'https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/nus-confers-honorary-degrees-on-esm-goh-prof-saw-and-sir-richard-sykes',
7 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180706103851/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/nus-confers-honorary-degrees-on-esm-goh-prof-saw-and-sir-richard-sykes',
8 => 'http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110305110515/http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm',
10 => 'http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm',
11 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20051222193426/http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm',
12 => 'http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true',
13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090210200338/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true',
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<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>; the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wu_(surname)" title="Wu (surname)">Goh</a>.</div>
<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">Goh Chok Tong</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-sg"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">吴作栋</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg" class="image"><img alt="GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg/180px-GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="253" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg/270px-GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg/360px-GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="968" /></a><div style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Goh speaking to a reporter outside <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> on 14 June 2001</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">2nd <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister of Singapore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 November 1990 – 12 August 2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">President</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wee_Kim_Wee" title="Wee Kim Wee">Wee Kim Wee</a> <br /> (1990–1993)<br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ong_Teng_Cheong" title="Ong Teng Cheong">Ong Teng Cheong</a> <br /> (1993–1999)<br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sellapan_Ramanathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sellapan Ramanathan">S.R. Nathan</a> <br /> (1999–2004)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a> (1990–2004) <br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ong_Teng_Cheong" title="Ong Teng Cheong">Ong Teng Cheong</a> (1990–1993)<br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Tan_Keng_Yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Tan Keng Yam">Tony Tan Keng Yam</a> (1995–2003)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency">Marine Parade GRC</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Minister_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Minister of Singapore">Senior Minister of Singapore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 August 2004 – 21 May 2011<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S._Jayakumar" title="S. Jayakumar">S. Jayakumar</a> (2009–2011)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">President</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sellapan_Ramanathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sellapan Ramanathan">S.R. Nathan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teo_Chee_Hean" title="Teo Chee Hean">Teo Chee Hean</a><br /> (2019) <br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a> (2019)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_People%27s_Action_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the People's Action Party">Secretary-General of the People's Action Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 November 1992<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> – 3 December 2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 January 1985 – 28 November 1990<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ong_Teng_Cheong" title="Ong Teng Cheong">Ong Teng Cheong</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">President</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devan_Nair" title="Devan Nair">Devan Nair</a> <br /> (1981-1985) <br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wee_Kim_Wee" title="Wee Kim Wee">Wee Kim Wee</a> <br /> (1985-1993)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/S._Rajaratnam" title="S. Rajaratnam">S. Rajaratnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a> <br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Tan" title="Tony Tan">Tony Tan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Ministers_for_Defence_(Singapore)" title="List of Ministers for Defence (Singapore)">Minister for Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 June 1982 – 30 June 1991</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> (until 1990)<br />himself (1990 - 1991)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howe_Yoon_Chong" title="Howe Yoon Chong">Howe Yoon Chong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yeo_Ning_Hong" title="Yeo Ning Hong">Yeo Ning Hong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Ministers_for_Health_(Singapore)" title="List of Ministers for Health (Singapore)">Minister for Health</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 January 1981 – 31 May 1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toh_Chin_Chye" title="Toh Chin Chye">Toh Chin Chye</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howe_Yoon_Chong" title="Howe Yoon Chong">Howe Yoon Chong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Ministers_for_Trade_and_Industry_(Singapore)" title="List of Ministers for Trade and Industry (Singapore)">Minister for Trade and Industry</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 March 1979 – 31 May 1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td>Post created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Tan" title="Tony Tan">Tony Tan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency">Marine Parade GRC</a> (Marine Parade)<br /><small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Single Member Constituency">Marine Parade SMC</a> (1976 - 1988)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 December 1976 – 23 June 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td>Seat created</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Goh Chok Tong</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1941-05-20</span>) </span>20 May 1941<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Political party</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th><td><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Choo_Leng" title="Tan Choo Leng">Tan Choo Leng</a> (<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1965)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Children</th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Goh Jin Hian (son)</li><li>Goh Jin Theng (daughter)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Singapore">University of Singapore</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Signature</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png" class="image" title="Goh Chok Tong's signature"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png/108px-Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="80" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png/161px-Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png/215px-Goh_Chok_Tong_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size:1rem;" title="Chinese language text">吴作栋</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size:1rem;" title="Chinese language text">吳作棟</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td><span style="font-style:normal" lang="zh-Latn" title="Chinese-language romanization">Wú Zuòdòng</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td><span style="font-style:normal" lang="yue-Latn" title="Yue Chinese-language romanization">Ngh Jok-dung</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td><span style="font-style:normal" lang="yue-Latn" title="Yue Chinese-language romanization">Ng<sup>4</sup> Zok<sup>3</sup> Dung<sup>6</sup></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td><span style="font-style:normal" lang="nan-Latn" title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization">Gô͘ Chok-tòng</span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Goh Chok Tong</b> (born 20 May 1941) is a former Singaporean politician who served a term of thirteen-years as second <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister of Singapore</a> from 28 November 1990 to 12 August 2004. Goh was appointed as the next <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister of Singapore</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> stepped down from position. He is the only living former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister of Singapore</a> and holds the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">honorary title</a> of "Emeritus Senior Minister".
</p><p>He was the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_People%27s_Action_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the People's Action Party">Secretary-General of the People's Action Party</a> after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> stepped down from position from 1 November 1992 to 3 December 2004. He subsequently served as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Minister" title="Senior Minister">Senior Minister</a> and Chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a> (MAS) from 2004 to 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-monetaryauthoritychairmen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monetaryauthoritychairmen-2">[2]</a></sup> On 25 June 2020, it was announced that Goh would retire from politics after 44 years. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>He was a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> representing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Single Member Constituency">Marine Parade SMC</a> for 12 years and another 32 years after it was absorbed into <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency">Marine Parade GRC</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career_at_Neptune_Orient_Lines,_1969–1977"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career at Neptune Orient Lines, 1969–1977</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_political_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Early political career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Prime_Minister,_1990–2004"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Prime Minister, 1990–2004</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Senior_Minister,_2004–2011"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Senior Minister, 2004–2011</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Emeritus_Senior_Minister,_2011"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Emeritus Senior Minister, 2011</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Family"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Goh was born in Singapore in 1941 to Goh Kah Choon and Quah Kwee Hwa, who hailed from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minnan_region" title="Minnan region">Minnan region</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian province</a> in China. He has Chinese <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a> ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> Goh studied at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raffles_Institution" title="Raffles Institution">Raffles Institution</a> from 1955 to 1960. He was a very competitive swimmer in his younger days and was given the nickname "Bold".
</p><p>Goh earned a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> with first class honours in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">University of Singapore</a> and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> in 1967. After his studies, Goh returned to Singapore to work in the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauzy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauzy-6">[6]</a></sup> Goh's dream of getting a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> was disrupted as the government would not transfer his bursary bond to the university, where he had signed on as a research fellow after graduation. In 2015, Goh was awarded an honorary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">LL.D.</a> by his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a>, the National University of Singapore, for his contributions to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span id="Career_at_Neptune_Orient_Lines.2C_1969.E2.80.931977"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Career_at_Neptune_Orient_Lines,_1969–1977">Career at Neptune Orient Lines, 1969–1977</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career at Neptune Orient Lines, 1969–1977">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 1969, Goh was seconded to the shipping company <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neptune_Orient_Lines" title="Neptune Orient Lines">Neptune Orient Lines</a> (NOL) as the company's Planning and Projects Manager. His career advanced quickly and by 1973 he was the Managing Director. At NOL, Goh worked under the company's founder, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad_Jalaluddin_Sayeed" title="Muhammad Jalaluddin Sayeed">Muhammad Jalaluddin Sayeed</a>, with whom he maintained close ties.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_political_career">Early political career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early political career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_Singapore_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Singapore general election">1976 general election</a>, Goh, then 35, was elected as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Single Member Constituency">Marine Parade Single Member Constituency</a> as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> (PAP) candidate. He was appointed as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Senior Minister of State</a> for Finance. In 1981, he was promoted to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_and_Industry_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade and Industry (Singapore)">Minister for Trade and Industry</a> and later served in other appointments including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_for_Health_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Health (Singapore)">Minister for Health</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Defence (Singapore)">Minister for Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1985, Goh became the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and began to assume the responsibility of the government in a carefully managed leadership transition. According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, his preferred successor was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Tan_Keng_Yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Tan Keng Yam">Tony Tan</a>. However, Goh was selected by the second generation of PAP leaders that included Tony Tan, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suppiah_Dhanabalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppiah Dhanabalan">Suppiah Dhanabalan</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ong_Teng_Cheong" title="Ong Teng Cheong">Ong Teng Cheong</a>; Lee accepted their decision.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauzy_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauzy-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span id="Prime_Minister.2C_1990.E2.80.932004"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Prime_Minister,_1990–2004">Prime Minister, 1990–2004</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prime Minister, 1990–2004">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg/220px-SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg/330px-SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg/440px-SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="350" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:SingaporeUS_FreeTrade.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Goh and U.S. President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> signing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/US-Singapore_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement">US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, 6 May 2003.</div></div></div>
<p>On 28 November 1990, Goh succeeded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> and became the second Prime Minister of Singapore. Lee remained an influential member of Goh's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singapore" title="Cabinet of Singapore">Cabinet</a>, holding the post of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Minister" title="Senior Minister">Senior Minister</a>. The 1991 general elections, the first electoral test for Goh, led to the party winning 61% of the popular vote. In 1992, Lee handed over the post of Secretary-General of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> (PAP) to Goh, successfully completing the leadership transition.
</p><p>As Prime Minister, Goh promised a more open-minded and consultative style of leadership than that of his predecessor. This greater openness extended also to the socio-economic spheres of life, for instance, in his support for the rise of "little bohemias" in Singapore, enclaves where more creativity and entrepreneurship could thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Goh's administration introduced several major policies and policy institutions, including:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Provident_Fund" title="Central Provident Fund">Medisave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-Constituency_Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Constituency Member of Parliament">Non-Constituency Members of Parliament</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Government_Parliamentary_Committees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Parliamentary Committees (page does not exist)">Government Parliamentary Committees</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_representation_constituency" title="Group representation constituency">Group representation constituency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nominated_Member_of_Parliament" title="Nominated Member of Parliament">Nominated Members of Parliament</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Certificate_of_Entitlement" title="Certificate of Entitlement">Vehicle Quota Scheme</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Singapore" title="Presidential elections in Singapore">Elected President</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singapore 21 (page does not exist)">Singapore 21</a></li></ul>
<p>During the period under Goh's administration, Singapore experienced several crises, such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>, threats of terrorism including the 2001 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_embassies_attack_plot" title="Singapore embassies attack plot">Singapore embassies attack plot</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a>, the 2001–2003 economic recession, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the SARS outbreak">2003 SARS outbreak</a>.
</p><p>As Secretary-General, Goh led the PAP to three general election victories in 1991, 1997, and 2001, in which the party won 61%, 65% and 75% of the votes respectively. After the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2001_Singapore_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Singapore general election">2001 general election</a>, Goh indicated that he would step down as Prime Minister after leading the country out of the recession.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauzy_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauzy-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>During an interview with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a> in July 2003, Goh surprised Singaporeans by announcing that his government was openly employing homosexuals, even in sensitive jobs, despite homosexual acts remaining illegal under <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Section_377A_of_the_Penal_Code_(Singapore)" title="Section 377A of the Penal Code (Singapore)">Section 377A of the Penal Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Although his announcement drew a strong backlash from conservatives, it nevertheless reinforced his image as an open-minded leader.
</p>
<h2><span id="Senior_Minister.2C_2004.E2.80.932011"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Senior_Minister,_2004–2011">Senior Minister, 2004–2011</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Senior Minister, 2004–2011">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Goh_Chok_Tong,_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Goh_Chok_Tong%2C_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg/200px-Goh_Chok_Tong%2C_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Goh_Chok_Tong%2C_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg/300px-Goh_Chok_Tong%2C_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Goh_Chok_Tong%2C_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg/400px-Goh_Chok_Tong%2C_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Goh_Chok_Tong,_Potong_Pasir_rally.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Goh Chok Tong speaking at a rally at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potong_Pasir_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency">Potong Pasir</a> during the 2006 general election. The banner behind him shows the campaign manifesto of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a>, "Staying Together, Moving Ahead".</div></div></div>
<p>On 12 August 2004, Goh stepped down as Prime Minister and held a new position as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Minister" title="Senior Minister">Senior Minister</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Lee_Hsien_Loong_Cabinet" title="First Lee Hsien Loong Cabinet">Cabinet</a> of his successor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a>. On 20 August 2004, Goh assumed the position of Chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage.org_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage.org-12">[12]</a></sup> After a number of threats of terrorism in Singapore,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Goh met local Islamic religious leaders in 2004 and made a visit to Iran, where he met Iranian president <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mohammad_Khatami" title="Mohammad Khatami">Mohammad Khatami</a> and visited local mosques.
</p><p>Goh subsequently visited other Middle Eastern countries as Senior Minister, with a view to improving diplomatic relationships and thus gaining wider opportunities for Singaporean businesses, especially in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>On 1 February 2005, Goh was appointed an honorary Companion of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a>, Australia's highest civilian honour, "for eminent service to Australia-Singapore relations".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 19 May 2005, Goh signed a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement with Israel's Finance Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> on a visit to Israel, superseding the agreement signed in 1971. Improvements in the agreement include enhancements to the withholding tax rate on interest income, which was reduced from 15% to 7%. This would benefit Singaporean businessmen with investments in Israel and vice versa, by ensuring they are not taxed twice.
</p><p>Goh is a patron for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Institute_of_Policy_Studies_(Singapore)" title="Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore)">Institute of Policy Studies</a>, a government <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Singapore_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Singapore general election">2006 general election</a>, Goh was tasked to help the PAP win back the two opposition wards of Hougang and Potong Pasir.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> However, he was unsuccessful in this task, as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_Thia_Khiang" title="Low Thia Khiang">Low Thia Khiang</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiam_See_Tong" title="Chiam See Tong">Chiam See Tong</a> retained their respective wards.
</p><p>In 2006, Goh was briefly considered for the job of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary-General">United Nations Secretary-General</a><sup id="cite_ref-unsg-candidates_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unsg-candidates-15">[15]</a></sup> but he lost out and the job eventually went to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage.org_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage.org-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2008, Goh was invited to join the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/InterAction_Council_of_Former_Heads_of_State_and_Government" title="InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government">InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government</a>, an independent international organisation of former world leaders.
</p><p>On 24 January 2011, Goh announced that he would continue to seek re-election to Parliament at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_Singaporean_general_election" title="2011 Singaporean general election">2011 general election</a>. Over the following months, he progressively released snippets prior to the election on the importance of grooming a successor who could be part of the fourth generation PAP leadership to helm Marine Parade GRC in the long run.
</p>
<h2><span id="Emeritus_Senior_Minister.2C_2011"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Emeritus_Senior_Minister,_2011">Emeritus Senior Minister, 2011</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emeritus Senior Minister, 2011">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>After the 2011 general election, in which the opposition made unprecedented gains by winning a group representative constituency (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aljunied_Group_Representative_Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aljunied Group Representative Constituency">Aljunied</a>), Goh and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> announced that they were retiring from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singapore" title="Cabinet of Singapore">Cabinet</a> in order to give Prime Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a> and the rest of his team a clean slate from which they can make a fresh start in the new parliamentary term.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 18 May 2011, Lee Hsien Loong announced that Goh was to be appointed a senior adviser to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a>, and would be given the honorary title of "Emeritus Senior Minister".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 24 June 2011, Goh was awarded the Grand Cordon of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a> by the Japanese government.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 4 May 2012, Goh was appointed as Patron for Advancement of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_University_of_Technology_and_Design" title="Singapore University of Technology and Design">Singapore University of Technology and Design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>On October 2014, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a> Singapore museum unveiled a wax figure of Goh. At its opening, Goh posed for pictures with his statue.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 2 August 2018, Goh stated that ministerial pay is not enough and it will adversely impact the ability to attract competent people to join the government in the future. He also dismissed the idea of reducing the minister's salary as a populist move, a move that sparked controversy and public disapproval<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>In an interview in 2019, Goh stated that he believed a 75% to 80% majority in Parliament, in the future, would constitute a 'strong mandate' for the Singapore government. In the same interview, he noted that he does not believe the electoral system needed any further tweaking.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 4 August 2019, Goh made a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> post stating that he felt saddened by how his long-time friend, former PAP politician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Bock" title="Tan Cheng Bock">Tan Cheng Bock</a>, had "lost his way" by forming a new political party, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Progress_Singapore_Party" title="Progress Singapore Party">Progress Singapore Party</a> (PSP), to contest in the next general election.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 25 June 2020, Goh made a Facebook post announcing his retirement as a Member of Parliament for Marine Parade GRC after 44 years of service and will therefore retire from politics.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Family">Family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Goh_Chok_Tong" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Goh Chok Tong">Goh Chok Tong</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Goh is married to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Choo_Leng" title="Tan Choo Leng">Tan Choo Leng</a> and they have a son and a daughter, who are twins. Their son, Goh Jin Hian, is a physician and their daughter, Goh Jin Theng, lives in London with her husband, Lee Craven.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm">"Sayeed of Singapore, By Ardeshir Cowasjee, Dawn newspaper, 25 September 2005"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305110515/http://archives.dawn.com/dawnftp/72.249.57.55/dawnftp/weekly/cowas/20050925.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sayeed+of+Singapore%2C+By+Ardeshir+Cowasjee%2C+Dawn+newspaper%2C+25+September+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dawn.com%2Fdawnftp%2F72.249.57.55%2Fdawnftp%2Fweekly%2Fcowas%2F20050925.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm">Goh Chok Tong</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051222193426/http://www.cabinet.gov.sg/smgoh.htm">Archived</a> 22 December 2005 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cabinet of Singapore</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in "Singapore can become an entrepreneurial society" by Eugene Low, The Business Times, 19 August 2002, and analysed in <i>Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koh_Buck_Song" title="Koh Buck Song">Koh Buck Song</a>, Marshall Cavendish 2011, page 160.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true">"Singapore letting gays halfway out of the closet - smh.com.au"</a>. <i>www.smh.com.au</i>. 5 July 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210200338/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/04/1057179159336.html?oneclick=true">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.smh.com.au&rft.atitle=Singapore+letting+gays+halfway+out+of+the+closet+-+smh.com.au&rft.date=2003-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Farticles%2F2003%2F07%2F04%2F1057179159336.html%3Foneclick%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-heritage.org-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heritage.org_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage.org_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061026175331/http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalOrganizations/wm1177.cfm">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/Research/InternationalOrganizations/wm1177.cfm">the original</a> on 26 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2FResearch%2FInternationalOrganizations%2Fwm1177.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-21592">"Transcript 21592 - PM Transcripts"</a>. <i>pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411054906/http://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-21592">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au&rft.atitle=Transcript+21592+-+PM+Transcripts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au%2Frelease%2Ftranscript-21592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060321235428/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/198700/1/.html">"SM Goh to help PAP candidates win back Hougang, Potong Pasir seats"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/198700/1/.html">the original</a> on 21 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SM+Goh+to+help+PAP+candidates+win+back+Hougang%2C+Potong+Pasir+seats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fsingaporelocalnews%2Fview%2F198700%2F1%2F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-unsg-candidates-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unsg-candidates_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unsg.org/candidates.html">"<i>Candidates for UN Secretary General</i>"</a>. UNSG.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211051217/http://www.unsg.org/candidates.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidates+for+UN+Secretary+General&rft.pub=UNSG.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unsg.org%2Fcandidates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128878/1/.html">"SM Goh, MM Lee to leave Cabinet"</a>. <i>Channel NewsAsia</i>. Singapore. 14 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515061344/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128878/1/.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=SM+Goh%2C+MM+Lee+to+leave+Cabinet&rft.date=2011-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fsingaporelocalnews%2Fview%2F1128878%2F1%2F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1129632/1/.html">"PM Lee announces sweeping changes to Cabinet"</a>. <i>Channel NewsAsia</i>. Singapore. 18 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110528113127/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1129632/1/.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=PM+Lee+announces+sweeping+changes+to+Cabinet&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fsingaporelocalnews%2Fview%2F1129632%2F1%2F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1135932/1/.html">"Goh Chok Tong to receive award from Japanese emperor"</a>. ChannelNewsAsia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goh+Chok+Tong+to+receive+award+from+Japanese+emperor&rft.pub=ChannelNewsAsia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fsingaporelocalnews%2Fview%2F1135932%2F1%2F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1199294/1/.html">"ESM Goh appointed Patron for Advancement of SUTD"</a>. ChannelNewsAsia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505154442/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1199294/1/.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESM+Goh+appointed+Patron+for+Advancement+of+SUTD&rft.pub=ChannelNewsAsia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fsingaporelocalnews%2Fview%2F1199294%2F1%2F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/pm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf">"PM Lee, ESM Goh to have wax figures at Madame Tussauds Singapore"</a>. Singapore Press Holdings. The Straits Times. 22 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027065010/http://www.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/more-singapore-stories/story/pm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf#sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PM+Lee%2C+ESM+Goh+to+have+wax+figures+at+Madame+Tussauds+Singapore&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fnews%2Fsingapore%2Fmore-singapore-stories%2Fstory%2Fpm-lee-esm-goh-have-wax-figures-madame-tussauds-singapor%23sthash.Y1tdrffE.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFhermesauto2018" class="citation web">hermesauto (7 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/esm-goh-ministers-not-paid-enough-harder-to-attract-people-to-government-in-the-future">"ESM Goh: Ministers not paid enough; harder to attract people to government in the future"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=ESM+Goh%3A+Ministers+not+paid+enough%3B+harder+to+attract+people+to+government+in+the+future&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft.au=hermesauto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fesm-goh-ministers-not-paid-enough-harder-to-attract-people-to-government-in-the-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Salaries is not our starting point in looking for ministers': Goh Chok Tong responds to criticism of comments on pay"</a>. <i>Channel NewsAsia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809090848/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=%27Salaries+is+not+our+starting+point+in+looking+for+ministers%27%3A+Goh+Chok+Tong+responds+to+criticism+of+comments+on+pay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fsingapore%2Fgoh-chok-tong-salary-not-starting-point-in-looking-for-ministers-10597576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFhermes2019" class="citation web">hermes (27 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-must-have-strong-ruling-party-with-clear-majority-esm-goh">"Singapore must have strong ruling party with clear majority: Goh Chok Tong"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Singapore+must+have+strong+ruling+party+with+clear+majority%3A+Goh+Chok+Tong&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.au=hermes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fsingapore-must-have-strong-ruling-party-with-clear-majority-esm-goh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/it-saddens-me-to-see-how-tan-cheng-bock-has-lost-his-way-esm-goh-11780298">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>It saddens me to see how Tan Cheng Bock has lost his way': ESM Goh"</a>. Channel Newsasia. 4 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27It+saddens+me+to+see+how+Tan+Cheng+Bock+has+lost+his+way%27%3A+ESM+Goh&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fsingapore%2Fit-saddens-me-to-see-how-tan-cheng-bock-has-lost-his-way-esm-goh-11780298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/MParader/posts/4257105704332063">"MParader"</a>. <i>www.facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.facebook.com&rft.atitle=MParader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FMParader%2Fposts%2F4257105704332063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFhermesauto2020" class="citation web">hermesauto (25 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2020-emeritus-senior-minister-goh-chok-tong-to-retire-from-politics-after-44-years-as-mp">"Singapore GE2020: Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong retires from politics after 44 years as MP"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Singapore+GE2020%3A+Emeritus+Senior+Minister+Goh+Chok+Tong+retires+from+politics+after+44+years+as+MP&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft.au=hermesauto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fge2020-emeritus-senior-minister-goh-chok-tong-to-retire-from-politics-after-44-years-as-mp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoh+Chok+Tong" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuspress.nus.edu.sg/products/impressions-of-the-goh-chok-tong-years-in-singapore">Impressions of the Goh Chok Tong Years in Singapore</a></i> by Bridget Welsh, James Chin, Arun Mahizhnan and Tan Tarn How (Editors), Singapore: NUS Press, 2009.</li>
<li><i>Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koh,_Buck_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Koh, Buck Song">Koh, Buck Song</a>. Marshall Cavendish, Singapore, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4328-15-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4328-15-9">978-981-4328-15-9</a>.</li>
<li>Article on civil society in the Goh Chok Tong era – "What plants will grow under the tembusu tree?" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koh_Buck_Song" title="Koh Buck Song">Koh Buck Song</a>, <i>The Straits Times</i> 9 May 1998.</li>
<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/11149">Tall Order</a></i> by Shing Huei Peh, Singapore: World Scientific, 2018.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Goh_Chok_Tong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Goh Chok Tong</b> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Goh+Chok+Tong">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Goh+Chok+Tong&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em">
By Goh Chok Tong</th></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Goh+Chok+Tong">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Goh+Chok+Tong&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
</tr></tbody></table><p><br />
</p><table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold">New Post</span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_for_Finance_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Finance (Singapore)">Senior Minister of State for Finance</a></b><br />1977–1979
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/S._Dhanabalan" title="S. Dhanabalan">S. Dhanabalan</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold">new post</span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_and_Industry_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade and Industry (Singapore)">Minister for Trade and Industry</a></b><br />1979–1981
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Tan" title="Tony Tan">Tony Tan</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toh_Chin_Chye" title="Toh Chin Chye">Toh Chin Chye</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Health (Singapore)">Minister for Health</a></b><br />1981–1982
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howe_Yoon_Chong" title="Howe Yoon Chong">Howe Yoon Chong</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howe_Yoon_Chong" title="Howe Yoon Chong">Howe Yoon Chong</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Defence (Singapore)">Minister for Defence</a></b><br />1982–1991
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yeo_Ning_Hong" title="Yeo Ning Hong">Yeo Ning Hong</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goh_Keng_Swee" title="Goh Keng Swee">Goh Keng Swee</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore</a></b><br />1985–1990
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister of Singapore</a></b><br />28 November 1990 – 12 August 2004
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Minister" title="Senior Minister">Senior Minister</a></b><br />12 August 2004 – 2011
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teo_Chee_Hean" title="Teo Chee Hean">Teo Chee Hean</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a> (2019)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Parliament of Singapore</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New constituency</b>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Members_of_the_Singapore_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Singapore Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_SMC" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parade SMC">Marine Parade</a></b><br />1976–1988
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Constituency abolished</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Members_of_the_Singapore_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Singapore Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_GRC" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parade GRC">Marine Parade GRC</a></b><br />1988–2020
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary_General_of_People%27s_Action_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of People's Action Party">Secretary General of People's Action Party</a></b><br />1992–2004
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairperson of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a></b><br />1992
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banharn_Silpa-archa" title="Banharn Silpa-archa">Banharn Silpa-archa</a></span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Ministers_of_Singapore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Singapore_PMs" title="Template:Singapore PMs"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Singapore_PMs" title="Template talk:Singapore PMs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Singapore_PMs&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_Ministers_of_Singapore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Ministers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding-left:80px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> (1959–1990)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goh Chok Tong</a> (1990–2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a> (2004–present)</li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg" class="image" title="National Emblems of Singapore"><img alt="National Emblems of Singapore" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="66" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1008" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Singapore&#124;link=Singapore_Members_of_the_13th_Parliament_of_Singapore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Singapore_Parliament_2016" title="Template:Singapore Parliament 2016"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Singapore_Parliament_2016" title="Template talk:Singapore Parliament 2016"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Singapore_Parliament_2016&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Singapore&#124;link=Singapore_Members_of_the_13th_Parliament_of_Singapore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_13th_Parliament_of_Singapore" title="List of members of the 13th Parliament of Singapore">Members of</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/13th_Parliament_of_Singapore" title="13th Parliament of Singapore">the 13th Parliament of Singapore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Speaker:_Halimah_Yacob→Tan,_C_J"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore">Speaker</a>: <del><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halimah_Yacob" title="Halimah Yacob">Halimah Yacob</a></del>→<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Chuan-Jin" title="Tan Chuan-Jin">Tan, C J</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #ddf; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_Representation_Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Representation Constituency">Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs)</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aljunied_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Aljunied Group Representation Constituency">Aljunied</a><sup>WP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Show_Mao" title="Chen Show Mao">Chen, S M</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sylvia_Lim" title="Sylvia Lim">Lim, S L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_Thia_Khiang" title="Low Thia Khiang">Low, T K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhamad_Faisal_Manap" title="Muhamad Faisal Manap">Faisal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pritam_Singh_(Singaporean_politician)" title="Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)">Singh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ang_Mo_Kio_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency">Ang Mo Kio</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ang_Hin_Kee" title="Ang Hin Kee">Ang, H K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darryl_David" title="Darryl David">David</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gan_Thiam_Poh" title="Gan Thiam Poh">Gan, T P</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intan_Azura_Mokhtar" title="Intan Azura Mokhtar">Intan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koh_Poh_Koon" title="Koh Poh Koon">Koh, P K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee, H L</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishan-Toa_Payoh_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Bishan-Toa Payoh Group Representation Constituency">Bishan-Toa Payoh</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chee_Hong_Tat" title="Chee Hong Tat">Chee, H T</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chong_Kee_Hiong" title="Chong Kee Hiong">Chong, K H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ng_Eng_Hen" title="Ng Eng Hen">Ng, E H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saktiandi_Supaat" title="Saktiandi Supaat">Saktiandi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josephine_Teo" title="Josephine Teo">Teo, L M</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chua_Chu_Kang_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency">Chua Chu Kang</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gan_Kim_Yong" title="Gan Kim Yong">Gan, K Y</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_Yen_Ling" title="Low Yen Ling">Low, Y L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yee_Chia_Hsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yee Chia Hsing (page does not exist)">Yee, C H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zaqy_Mohamad" title="Zaqy Mohamad">Zaqy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Coast_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="East Coast Group Representation Constituency">East Coast</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Yi_Shyan" title="Lee Yi Shyan">Lee, Y S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lim_Swee_Say" title="Lim Swee Say">Lim, S S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maliki_Osman" title="Maliki Osman">Maliki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jessica_Tan" title="Jessica Tan">Tan, S N</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holland-Bukit_Timah_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Holland-Bukit Timah Group Representation Constituency">Holland-Bukit Timah</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_de_Souza" title="Christopher de Souza">de Souza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liang_Eng_Hwa" title="Liang Eng Hwa">Liang, E H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sim_Ann" title="Sim Ann">Sim, A</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vivian_Balakrishnan" title="Vivian Balakrishnan">Vivian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jalan_Besar_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Jalan Besar Group Representation Constituency">Jalan Besar</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heng_Chee_How" title="Heng Chee How">Heng, C H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lily_Neo" title="Lily Neo">Neo, L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denise_Phua" title="Denise Phua">Phua, L P</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yaacob_Ibrahim" title="Yaacob Ibrahim">Yaacob</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jurong_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Jurong Group Representation Constituency">Jurong</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ang_Wei_Neng" title="Ang Wei Neng">Ang, W N</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desmond_Lee_(Singaporean_politician)" title="Desmond Lee (Singaporean politician)">Lee, T S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rahayu_Mahzam" title="Rahayu Mahzam">Rahayu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Wu_Meng" title="Tan Wu Meng">Tan, W M</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Parade_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency">Marine Parade</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatimah_Lateef" title="Fatimah Lateef">Fatimah</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goh, C T</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seah_Kian_Peng" title="Seah Kian Peng">Seah, K P</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Chuan-Jin" title="Tan Chuan-Jin">Tan, C J</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edwin_Tong" title="Edwin Tong">Tong, C F</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marsiling-Yew_Tee_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Marsiling-Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency">Marsiling-Yew Tee</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ong_Teng_Koon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ong Teng Koon (page does not exist)">Ong, T K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong, S T</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Yam" title="Alex Yam">Yam, Z M</a></li>
<li><del><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halimah_Yacob" title="Halimah Yacob">Halimah</a></del></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nee_Soon_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Nee Soon Group Representation Constituency">Nee Soon</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad_Faishal_Ibrahim" title="Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim">Faishal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Kwek" title="Henry Kwek">Kwek, H C</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Bee_Wah" title="Lee Bee Wah">Lee, B W</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Ng" title="Louis Ng">Ng, K K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/K._Shanmugam" title="K. Shanmugam">Shanmugam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pasir_Ris-Punggol_Group_Representation_Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasir Ris-Punggol Group Representation Constituency">Pasir Ris-Punggol</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ng_Chee_Meng" title="Ng Chee Meng">Ng, C M</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Janil_Puthucheary" title="Janil Puthucheary">Puthucheary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sun_Xueling" title="Sun Xueling">Sun, X L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teo_Chee_Hean" title="Teo Chee Hean">Teo, C H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teo_Ser_Luck" title="Teo Ser Luck">Teo, S L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zainal_Sapari" title="Zainal Sapari">Zainal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sembawang_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Sembawang Group Representation Constituency">Sembawang</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amrin_Amin" title="Amrin Amin">Amrin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khaw_Boon_Wan" title="Khaw Boon Wan">Khaw, B W</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lim_Wee_Kiak" title="Lim Wee Kiak">Lim, W K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ong_Ye_Kung" title="Ong Ye Kung">Ong, Y K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vikram_Nair" title="Vikram Nair">Nair</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tampines_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Tampines Group Representation Constituency">Tampines</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baey_Yam_Keng" title="Baey Yam Keng">Baey, Y K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheng_Li_Hui" title="Cheng Li Hui">Cheng, L H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desmond_Choo" title="Desmond Choo">Choo, P C</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heng_Swee_Keat" title="Heng Swee Keat">Heng, S K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masagos_Zulkifli" title="Masagos Zulkifli">Masagos</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tanjong_Pagar_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency">Tanjong Pagar</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chan_Chun_Sing" title="Chan Chun Sing">Chan, C S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chia_Shi-Lu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chia Shi-Lu (page does not exist)">Chia, S L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indranee_Rajah" title="Indranee Rajah">Indranee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joan_Pereira" title="Joan Pereira">Pereira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melvin_Yong" title="Melvin Yong">Yong, Y C</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Coast_Group_Representation_Constituency" title="West Coast Group Representation Constituency">West Coast</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foo_Mee_Har" title="Foo Mee Har">Foo, M H</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/S._Iswaran" title="S. Iswaran">Iswaran</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lim_Hng_Kiang" title="Lim Hng Kiang">Lim, H K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_Tay" title="Patrick Tay">Tay, T G</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #ddf; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Single_Member_Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Member Constituency">Single Member Constituencies (SMCs)</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Batok_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Bukit Batok Single Member Constituency">Bukit Batok</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><del><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Ong" title="David Ong">Ong, K H</a></del>→<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Murali_Pillai" title="Murali Pillai">Pillai</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Panjang_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Bukit Panjang Single Member Constituency">Bukit Panjang</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teo_Ho_Pin" title="Teo Ho Pin">Teo, H P</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fengshan_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Fengshan Single Member Constituency">Fengshan</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheryl_Chan" title="Cheryl Chan">Chan, W L</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hong_Kah_North_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Hong Kah North Single Member Constituency">Hong Kah North</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Khor" title="Amy Khor">Khor, L S</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hougang_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Hougang Single Member Constituency">Hougang</a><sup>WP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Png_Eng_Huat" title="Png Eng Huat">Png, E H</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MacPherson_Single_Member_Constituency" title="MacPherson Single Member Constituency">MacPherson</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tin_Pei_Ling" title="Tin Pei Ling">Tin, P L</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mountbatten_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Mountbatten Single Member Constituency">Mountbatten</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lim_Biow_Chuan" title="Lim Biow Chuan">Lim, B C</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pioneer_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Pioneer Single Member Constituency">Pioneer</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cedric_Foo" title="Cedric Foo">Foo, C K</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potong_Pasir_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency">Potong Pasir</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sitoh_Yih_Pin" title="Sitoh Yih Pin">Sitoh, Y P</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punggol_East_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Punggol East Single Member Constituency">Punggol East</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Chong" title="Charles Chong">Chong, Y F</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radin_Mas_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Radin Mas Single Member Constituency">Radin Mas</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Tan_(politician)" title="Sam Tan (politician)">Tan, C S</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sengkang_West_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Sengkang West Single Member Constituency">Sengkang West</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lam_Pin_Min" title="Lam Pin Min">Lam, P M</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yuhua_Single_Member_Constituency" title="Yuhua Single Member Constituency">Yuhua</a><sup>PAP</sup></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grace_Fu" title="Grace Fu">Fu, H Y</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #ddf; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Non-elected members</b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-constituency_Member_of_Parliament" title="Non-constituency Member of Parliament">NCMP</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leon_Perera" title="Leon Perera">Perera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Tan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Tan (page does not exist)">Tan, L F</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Goh" title="Daniel Goh">Goh, P S</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nominated_Member_of_Parliament" title="Nominated Member of Parliament">NMPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Azmoon_Ahmad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azmoon Ahmad (page does not exist)">Azmoon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chia_Yong_Yong" title="Chia Yong Yong">Chia, Y Y</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Chua_Kee_Seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Chua Kee Seng (page does not exist)">Chua, K S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ganesh_Rajaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganesh Rajaram (page does not exist)">Ganesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kok_Heng_Leun" title="Kok Heng Leun">Kok, H L</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kuik_Shiao-Yin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuik Shiao-Yin (page does not exist)">Kuik, S Y</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Mahdev_Mohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahdev Mohan (page does not exist)">Mohan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Randolph_Tan_Gee_Kwang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randolph Tan Gee Kwang (page does not exist)">Tan, G K</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/K._Thanaletchimi" title="K. Thanaletchimi">Thanaletchimi</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arasu_Duraisamy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arasu Duraisamy (page does not exist)">Arasu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Foo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Foo (page does not exist)">Foo, P Y</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ho_Wee_San&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ho Wee San (page does not exist)">Ho, W S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lim_Sun_Sun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lim Sun Sun (page does not exist)">Lim, S S</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Abbas_Ali_Mohamed_Irshad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbas Ali Mohamed Irshad (page does not exist)">Irshad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Irene_Quay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Quay (page does not exist)">Quay, S C</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anthea_Ong" title="Anthea Ong">Ong, L T</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Walter_Edgar_Theseira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Edgar Theseira (page does not exist)">Theseira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yip_Pin_Xiu" title="Yip Pin Xiu">Yip, P X</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The party affiliation of each member is indicated right after the constituency he or she represents. <b>PAP</b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a>; <b>WP</b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Workers%27_Party_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Workers' Party (Singapore)">The Workers' Party</a><br />The NCMPs listed above are from the WP, while NMPs do not belong to any party.
<hr />
<dl><dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold">Other Current/Former MPs Nav Boxes</span></dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Singapore_Parliament_2016" title="Template:Singapore Parliament 2016">13</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Singapore_Parliament_2011" title="Template:Singapore Parliament 2011">12</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Singapore_Parliament_2006" title="Template:Singapore Parliament 2006">11</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313300&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313300&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313300" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/142927457">142927457</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000114404805">0000 0001 1440 4805</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89177624">n89177624</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20101111002&CON_LNG=ENG">jx20101111002</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07425748X">07425748X</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/145941469">145941469</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/28663326">28663326</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n89177624">lccn-n89177624</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1593077766 |