Examine individual changes

'[[File:GT Bicycles Logo.svg|thumb|Company logo]] [[File:GT head badge.JPG|thumb|GT [[head badge]]]] [[File:1986 Gary Turner.jpg|thumb|Gary Turner, 1986]] '''GT Bicycles''' designs and manufactures [[BMX]], [[Mountain bike|mountain]], and [[Road bicycle|road]] bicycles. GT is a division of a Canadian conglomerate, [[Dorel Industries]], which also markets [[Cannondale]], Schwinn, Mongoose, IronHorse, Dyno, and RoadMaster bicycle brands; all manufactured in Asia. GT was founded in 1979, by Gary Turner and Richard Long in [[Santa Ana, California]], and was noted at its inception for spearheading the prominence of BMX bicycles, later for developing a range of bikes around its "triple triangle" design, and at the end of its independent history, winning a commission to manufacture a $30,000 carbon fiber "Superbike"<ref name="longnyt">{{cite web | title = Richard W. Long, 46, Builder Of Bicycles for Olympic Team | publisher = The New York Times, July 20, 1996, Robert McG. Thomas Jr. | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/20/us/richard-w-long-46-builder-of-bicycles-for-olympic-team.html}}</ref> for the [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Summer games]]. GT sponsored numerous race teams and individuals, including noted riders [[Rebecca Twigg]] and [[Juli Furtado]]. In 1998, the company went public and subsequently merged with Questor Partners, then owner of [[Schwinn]]. The conglomerate went bankrupt in 2001 and was acquired by [[Pacific Cycle]], which was in turn acquired by [[Dorel Industries]] in 2004. GT is noted for innovative BMX designs and their "triple triangle" [[Bicycle suspension|hard-tail]] mountain bike frame design &mdash; where [[Bicycle frame#Seat stays|seat stays]] are parallel to the [[downtube]] and attached to the [[top tube]] forward of the seat tube, rather than directly at the seat tube. The company often uses a frame design where the bike's top tube extends rearward past the seat tube, claimed to reduce the vibration transferred to the seat from the rear wheel. Later versions would have "GT" stamped on the end of the extended top tube. ==Company History== ===Origins 1972-1979=== GT bicycles began in 1972 when professional drag racer and experienced welder Gary Turner makes a frame for his son Craig Turner in his [[Fullerton, California]] garage to race at the BMX track. Most frames used during this period were modified [[Schwinn]] Stingrays which were heavy and broke easily under the stress of BMX racing and jumping. Gary Turner made his frames from 4130 chrome-moly tubing, the same tubing used in building chassis for dragsters which is stronger and lighter than regular carbon steel. Gary’s son’s bike gets noticed at the BMX track and Gary starts making frames for other kids. [[File:1976.12.Pedals Ready.png|left|thumb|1976 Pedals Ready GT magazine ad]][[File:1977 Gary Turner Bmx.jpg|right|thumb|right|1977 Gary Turner BMX]] In 1976 Gary Turner begins producing frames for '''Pedals Ready''', a Pro Shop at the '''Western Sports-A-Rama''' BMX track in [[Orange County, California]] named and marketed as '''Pedals Ready/GT'''.
 These are the first commercially distributed Gary Turner produced frames. Aware of the popularity of Gary Turner’s BMX frames, Richard Long contacts him in 1977 about supplying his [[Anaheim, California]] bicycle shop. Turner agrees and the foundation of GT Bicycles is born. These early frames were not yet the GT brand, but were simply called "Gary Turner" as seen by the frame stickers. Things happened fast and soon Richard and Gary invested in a manufacturing warehouse dedicated to making top quality Cro-moly BMX frames in [[Santa Ana, California]]. In 1979 they incorporated into GT Bicycles, Inc. GT standing for the initials of its founder, Gary Turner. Richard sold his bike shop and began selling frames as fast as possible to bicycle distributors across the USA and into Europe. Richard headed the business and marketing aspects of the company while Gary was the engineer and production head. ===GT Bicycles Inc.=== [[File:1980.01.Depend On.png|right|thumb|1980 GT magazine ad]] In 1980 GT Bicycles Inc. releases their first bike the “GT Pro” and begins to sponsor BMX racers such as Lee Medlin and Denny Davidow. GT’s first magazine ad appears in Bicycle Motocross Action (BMX Action) in the January 1980 issue. For the 1981 season GT releases five models: Junior, Expert, 24, 26 and Pro. The models stay this way until 1984 when they introduce their first freestyle bike the '''Performer'''. In 1983 GT signs freestyle BMX riders [[Bob Morales]] and [[Eddie Fiola]] to design and eventually ride a new freestyle bike the ''Performer''. At the time, the Performer was the only other dedicated freestyle bike besides the Haro. The unique bent down tube was instantly recognizable and a design and marketing game changer which became a trademark look for GT. Bob Morales eventually left GT to focus on his own company [[DYNO]] Designs while Eddie Fiola became arguably the most famous and popular BMX personality of the 1980's until he left GT in 1987. In 1985 GT bought BMX accessories and apparel company Dyno. Bob Morales said "GT Bicycles made an offer to buy Dyno. I accepted their offer because Dyno was severely under-capitalized and in need of investment. I negotiated a contract with GT to design bicycle frames and components and to consult on a marketing strategy for them." Morales developed a line of DYNO frames and bicycles for GT. DYNO also produced a line of clothing apparel and shoes under the DYNO brand. In 1987 GT Bicycles acquires Robinson Racing Products from founder Chuck Robinson due to financial troubles with the company. Chuck went to work for GT and did promotion work for them as well as heading up the "South American" sales because he spoke Spanish as well as other languages. In 1989 GT Bicycles acquires Auburn Cycles and Powerlite. In 1993 Long and Turner sold a controlling interest to Boston-based investment firm [[Bain Capital]], which took the company public in October 1995.<ref name="long01">{{cite web | title = Crash Kills Bike Firm's Chief | publisher = LA Times, July 16, 1996, John O'Dell | url = http://articles.latimes.com/1996-07-16/business/fi-24755_1_mountain-bike}}</ref> [[File:GT-Superbike-2-1.jpg|thumb|left|1996 GT Superbike]]In 1996, GT won the commission to manufacture a highly aerodynamic bike design that would later become known as the "Superbike."<ref name="GTWP">{{cite web | title = Best U.S. Cyclist Quits Team | publisher = Washington Post, Arnie Stapleton, July 31, 1996 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/olympics/daily/cycling/july/31/twigg.htm}}</ref> and later banned by Olympic regulations. A byproduct of a year-long development program with the U.S. national team known as '''Project '96''', the bike featured a carbon graphite frame with no top tube, extremely thin seat and downtubes, a seat tube with a deep cutout to accommodate the rear wheel, as well as differently sized aerodynamic wheels.<ref name="superbike01">{{cite web | title = Wheels Of Fortune? Developers Hope Superbike Ii Gives U.s. Team A Cycling Edge | publisher = The Morning Call|date=July 18, 1996|author= TIM BLANGGER | url = http://articles.mcall.com/1996-07-18/features/3109266_1_gt-bicycles-cycling-team-general-motors-wind-tunnel}}</ref> Describing the bike, the U. S. Cycling Federation's track endurance coach Craig Griffin said "it's so thin and light, and it's as strong as anything built. It's so aerodynamic that when you look at it from the front, it disappears."<ref name="GTSI">{{cite web | title = Stealth On Wheels The Wraps Are Off U.s. Cycling's Secret Weapon: Sleek, Swift Superbike II | publisher = Sports Illustrated, Richard Deutsch, April 29, 1996 | url = https://www.si.com/vault/1996/04/29/212370/stealth-on-wheels-the-wraps-are-off-us-cyclings-secret-weapon-sleek-swift-superbike-ii}}</ref> Controversially, just prior to the 96 Summer Olympics, Rebecca Twigg quit the team, citing her Superbike's ill fit<ref name="GTWP"/> as one of the reasons for departing. On October 11, 1996, GT announced that it had reached an agreement with Nike whereby Nike will be an official sponsor for all of GT's bicycle racing teams in 1997. Under the new agreement, all GT team athletes will use Nike shoes and after-race apparel. This new sponsorship agreement represented an expansion of Nike's current sponsorship as the official shoe of the GT mountain bike team by the then CEO Michael Haynes. GT Bicycles had the first and the only mountain bike and BMX teams that are sponsored by Nike. GT had a total of 57 athletes on various teams in 1997, including nine mountain bike racers, 32 BMX racers and 16 freestyle/GT Bicycle Air Show performers.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} A week before GT's debut at the 1996 Summer Olympic, GT co-founder Richard Long was killed in a motorcycle accident on his [[Honda Valkyrie]] en route to a national championship series race for the National Off-Road Bicycle Association at [[Big Bear Lake, California|Big Bear Lake]] in the San Bernardino mountains.<ref name="longnyt"/> At the time of Long's death, GT maintained an office at the factory in Santa Ana as well as a factory in Huntington Beach<ref name="long01"/> &mdash; and manufactured 600,000 bicycles annually under the GT, Powerlite, Robinson and Dyno brands, distributed bikes, parts and accessories via its Riteway network and had annual revenues of $150 million.<ref name="longnyt"/> Less than two years after Long's death, in 1998, Bain Capital sold GT to another investment group, Questor Partners, which at the time also owned Schwinn, for $175million. Questor would file for bankruptcy on June 27, 2001, five years to the day that Richard Long had died. ==Teams== {{more citations needed|date=September 2014}} As well as the manufacturing of bicycles, GT Bikes sponsored several teams<ref>[http://www.gtbicycles.com/gbr/eng/riders GT Bikes Team home page]</ref> competing in [[BMX]], [[Mountain biking|mountain]] and [[Road bicycle racing|road]] competitions. ===GT Factory BMX Racing Team=== There are six riders on the BMX Race Team: [[Riley O'Neall|Riley O'Neil]], [[Luke Madill]], [[Joey Bradford]], [[Eric Rupe]] and [[Arielle Martin|Arielle Martin (Verhaaren)]], which compete in competitions held globally. ===GT BMX Freestyle Team (GT Air Show)=== BMX Freestyle and GT BMX have a well documented history on video and in magazine coverage from publications like Freestylin/Go, BMX Plus, and Ride which all fostered young talent like Eddie Fiola, Spike Jonze, Eddie Roman, and Mark Eaton and helped an entire generation of riders define themselves and their sport. From the mid-eighties onward, Team GT's Pro Freestyle riders were some of the biggest and most recognizable names in BMX. The GT BMX brand and team riders appear in the 'HellTrack' starting lineup scene in the BMX cult-classic film Rad. Famous names from the ranks of Teams past include X-Games Champions Dave Mirra, Jay Miron, Jamie Bestwick, Eddie Fiola, aka King of the Skateparks, Brian Scura 'Rad Dad' inventor of the Gyro, aka SST Oryg, Trevor Meyer, Joey (Phenom) Phee, Martin 'the Chairman' Aparijo, Josh White, Dino DeLuca, Dave Voelker, Brett Hernandez, Kevin Jones, Mark Eaton, Gary Pollak, Kevin the 'Gute' Gutierrez, Ruben Castillo, Robert Castillo, Jason Geoffery, Bill Neuman, Goro Tamai, Krys Dauchy, and Adam Jung. Along with Team Haro, Team GT helped shape the future of BMX Freestyle and helped pioneer a sport once deemed nothing more than a fad. GT produced some of the first Freestyle specific bikes in their early Performer and World Tour models. Later highly successful models were the Pro Freestyle Tour, which saw the first use of mountain bike style brake mounts for use of Dia-Compe 990, Dyno Pro Compe - one of the most ridden flatland frames of the early Nineties. GT was also there for the birth of street riding in the late Eighties with the GT Aggressor (Designed in California, but frames made in Taiwan) and Dyno Slammer bashguard models. GT also designed and sold the first flatland specific bike in the USA: the GT Show. GT Bike's current Freestyle Team includes the riders: Dave Dillewaard, Rob Wise, Eric Bahlman, Justin Coble, Bobby Kanode, Calvin Krey, and Brian Kachinsky. ===Mountain Team=== Eight riders in the Mountain Team, compete in global competitions including [[Downhill cycling|downhill]], [[four-cross]], [[Mountain bike trials|trials]], [[freeride]] and [[dirt jumping]]. The riders in the team are: Marc Beaumont, [[Hans Rey]], [[Eric Carter]], Roger Rinderknecht, Kevin Aiello, and Tyler McCaul. In 2012, GT added Kyle Strait, Dan Atherton, Gee Atherton, and Rachel Atherton to the team. [[Hans Rey]] has been sponsored by GT since 1987. ===Road Team=== GT Bikes briefly served as team sponsors and bike supplier for Jelly Belly professional cycling team. After the 2009 season, the team ended their relationship with GT and began riding [[Focus Bikes|Focus bikes]]. Lotto pro cycling team (now [[Lotto-Belisol]]) at one time had Easton aluminium tubing GT frames. The team now rides on [[Ridley (bicycles)|Ridley]] carbon frames. ===Co – Factory Team=== The Co – Factory Team was founded in 2008.<ref>[http://www.gtbicycles.com/gbr/eng/co-factory-team GT Bikes co-factory team page.]</ref> The team is composed of riders from across the US riding for local dealer teams that represent GT Bicycles. ===Notable past Factory team members=== [[Gary Ellis]], [[Greg A. Hill|Greg Hill]], Rick Webb, Trevor Meyer, Geoff Scofield, [[Tommy Brackens]], [[Mike King (BMX rider)|Mike King]], Gabe Weed, [[Lee Medlin]], [[Andy Patterson]], "Chicken" George Seevers, Dave Voelker, Alexis Vergara, [[Terry Tenette]], [[Randy Stumpfhauser]], [[Thomas Allier]], Mike Luna, In Hee Lee, Dave Brumlow, David Milham, Tom Haugen, [[Eddie Livingston]], [[Danny Nelson]], [[Josh White (BMX rider)|Josh White]], [[Eddie Fiola]], and [[Bob Morales]]. Past mountain bike team riders include Eric Carter, and Brian Lopes. ===Dyno Girls=== In the Questor Partners era 1998-2001, GT Bicycles published a Kustom Kruisers Katalog, featuring the Dyno [[Cruiser bicycle|Kustom Kruisers]] and “The Loveley and Talented Dyno Girls” (from the Brand Model and Talent Agency, of Santa Ana, California). The team of Dyno Girls consisted of: Amy (not Weber), Brooke, Mikyla and Theresa in 1999; Brooke (shake w/ fries), Gabrielle, Linda, Mikyla and Tiffany (T-bucket) in 2000; [[Amy Weber]], Denise, Jill and Kelly in 2001. ==Models== ===Beach Cruisers=== * Dyno Glide * Dyno Deluxe (springer fork) * Moto Glide (purple, multi-speed) * Ultra Glide (tank) * Glide Seven (derailer) * Dyno Deuce (red or black, with flames) * Moon Eyes® (yellow/black; promotional) * [[Von Franco]] (orange) * Taboo Tiki (green) * Dyno Roadster (stretch) ===BMX Racing=== * 16 (1981-1984) * 24 (1981-1995) * Expert (1981-1985) * Gary Turner (1976-79) * Hot Wheels (2001) * Interceptor (1986-2012, 2013-2015 frame only) * Interceptor Jr. (1990-1995) * Interceptor 26 (2013-2014) * Junior (1983-1984) * Mach One (1985-2012, 2017)[[File:1990 GT Mach One.png|thumb|1990 GT Mach One]] * Mach One 16FW (2016-) * Mach One 24 (1997-2013) * Mach One Junior (2001-2008, 2010-2012, 2018-) * Mach One Mini (1992-1997, 2009-2012, 2017-) * Mach One Expert (2009-2012, 2015, 2018-) * Mach One Pro (2009-2011, 2015-) * Mach One Pro 24 (2009, 2011, 2015-) * Mach Two (1995-1998) * Mini (1981-1984) * Power Series (1998-2018) * Power Series 0.5 (2001) * Power Series 1.0 (1998-2001) * Power Series 3.0 (1998-2001) * Power Series 24 (1993-2014) * Power Series Expert (2001-2012) * Power Series Expert XL (2013) * Power Series Jr. (2010-2012) * Power Series Micro (2009-2012) * Power Series Mini (2012) * Power Series Pro (2009-2011) * Power Series Ultra Box (2009) * Power Series Ultra Box 2 (2009) * Power Series Ultra Box Team (2009) * Power Series XL (2009-2010) * Power Series Pro XL (2011-2012) * Pro (1980-1984) Frame and fork only in 1985-1986 * Pro Elite Frame & Fork (1992-1995) * Pro Series (1985-1996, 1998-2017)[[File:1985 GT Pro Series.png|thumb|1985 GT Pro Series]] * Pro Series 24 (1998-2007, 2013-2017) * Pro Series Expert (2013-2015) * Pro Series Expert XL (2014) * Pro Series Jr. (1990-1996, 2013-2016) * Pro Series Micro (1999-2001, 2013-2017) * Pro Series Mini (1998-2001, 2013-2016) * Pro Series Pro 24 (2013-) * Pro Series Team (1987-1996) * Pro Series XL (2001-?, 2013-2016) * Pro Series XXL (2001-?, 2016) * Raider (1997) * Speed Series (1996-?) * Speed Series 20 (2017) * Speed Series 24 (1997-2016) * Speed Series Jr. (1997-2003) * Speed Series Team (1996-1999) * Speed Series Team Expert (1999) * Speed Series XL (1996-2015) * Speed Series Expert (2018-) * Speed Series Expert XL (2018-) * Speed Series JR (2018-) * Speed Series Micro (2018-) * Speed Series Mini (2018-) * Speed Series Pro (2013-) * Speed Series Pro 24 (2013-) * Speed Series Pro 26 (2013) * Speed Series Pro XL (2011-) * Speed Series Pro XXL (2014-) * Speed Series Pro XXXL (2014-) * Team I (1983) * Team II (1983) * Team Series (1984-85) ===BMX Dirt/Trail=== * Bump (1999-2014) * Cage (2013-2014 Frame only) * Fly (2001-2014) * Fly 18" (2012-2014) * Fly 16" (2012-2014) * Fueler (1994-2014) * Steed (2010) Frame only * Thumper (2000-2005) * XR (2001) ===BMX Freestyle=== * Aggressor (1990-1991)[[File:1990 GT Aggressor Team.png|thumb|1990 GT Aggressor Team]] * Aggressor Team (1990-1991) * Air (2009-2016, 2019-) * Bestwick Pro (2001-2006) * BK (2016) * BK Team (2016-2020) * BK Team Compe (2017-2020) * BK Team Signature (2016-2020)[[File:2020 BK Team Signature.png|thumb|2020 BK Team Signature]] * BK XL (2016) * Calafia (2009-2011) * Compe (2009-2011, 2013-2014) * Conway Team (2018-) * Conway Team Compe (2018-) * Conway Team Signature (2019-) * DLSY (2015) * DLSY Signature (2015) * DLSY XL (2015) * El Centro (2009-2011) * El Centro 18 (2009-2011) * El Centro 16 (2009-2011) * Encore (2005, 2008-2009) * Finale (2011) * Grind (2001) * JPL Team (2018) * JPL Team Compe (2018) * La Chiva (2010 Frame only, 2011) * Mercado Team (2019-) * Mercado Team Compe (2019-) * Performer (1985-) * Performer Jr. 18" (1986-1995, 2015-) * Performer Lil 16" (2017-) * Phelan - Team Comp, Team (2017) * Pro Performer (1984-1989, 1997-2000) The 1997 model was only available in Europe and Australia. * Pro Freestyle Tour (1987-1997) * Pro Freestyle Tour Team (1987-1997) * Pro World Tour (1985-1986)[[File:1986.Gt Pro World Tour.BMX.png|thumb|1986 GT Pro World Tour]] * Ricochet (2012, 2014) * Vertigo (1988-2008) * Show (1998-2002) * Slammer (2009-) * Slammer XL (2016) * Tour (1998-2006) * Tour 2 (1999-2001) * Voelker (2001) * Wise (2015-2016) * Wise Team (2016-2017) * Wise Team Compe(2015) * Wise Signature (2016-2017) * Wise Team Signature (2016-2017) * Wise XL (2015-2016) * Zone (2009-2014) * Zoot (1987-1988) A freestyle scooter in both 12" and 14" models. ===BMX Heritage/Retro=== * Performer 26 (2013-2014, 2018-) * Pro Performer (2018-)[[File:2019 GT Pro Performer Heritage.png|thumb|2019 GT Pro Performer Heritage]] * Pro Performer 26 (2014, 2017-) * Pro Performer 29 (2018-) * Pro Series 24 (2020-) * Pro Series 26 (2020-) * Pro Series 29 (2018-) * Street Performer 29 (2018-) ===Road and Mountain=== * Aggressor (Polished aluminum hardtail) * Aggressor 20 and 24 (Boys version of the hardtail adult bike) * Arrowhead (Aluminum hardtail) * Avalanche (All Mountain hardtail) * Backwoods (Aluminum hardtail) * Borrego (Steel hardtail) * Bravado (True Temper chromoly steel hardtail - higher spec compared to Karakoram) * Bullet (1993-1995) * CHUCKER (Aluminum dirt jumper) * Chucker (Freeride/dirt jump hardtail) * Course (Very rare road, Reynolds 853) * DHi (Downhill bikes) * Distortion (Dual suspension slopestyle and 4X bike) * Edge (Road Series) * Force * Fury (Unique full carbon downhill frame) * Grade (Gravel bike line) * GTR Series 2.0 (Road, comfort,carbon fiber, Ultegra) * Helion (Full suspension cross country) * Hybrid 20 (1988-1991) BMX and MTN bike crossover[[File:1990 GT Hybrid 20.png|thumb|1990 GT Hybrid 20]] * Hybris 24 (1990) * iT-1 (Downhill/freeride dual suspension) * Karakoram (Steel hardtail) * La Bomba (4X hardtail) * Laguna 20 and 24 (Girls version of the Aggressor 20 and 24) * Lightning * Lightning (Titanium hardtail) * Little Timber (1995) * LTS (Full suspension) * Marathon * Outbound (1995) * Outpost (Mountain hardtail) * Palomar [[File:New GT Palomar MTB.jpg|thumb|New series (2012) hi-tensile steel GT Palomar MTB]] * Pantera (All mountain hardtail) * Psyclone (Fillet brazed steel hardtail) * Psyclone (Hardtail - hand made steel frame from GT Tech Shop, True Temper and Reynolds 853) * RAGE * RAVE * Rebound (Hardtail - steel, and then later aluminum) * Richter 8 (Steel hardtail) * Ricochet * RTS (Full suspension) * Ruckus (Freeride hardtail and Duallys also Dirtbikes) * Saddleback Mountain (Hardtail) * Sanction * Sensor * Slipstream (Comfort) * STS (Carbonbikes) * Talera (Mountain hardtail) * Tempest * Tequesta (Steel hardtail) * Timberline/Nomad (Comfort) * Transeo (Crossover) * Vengeance * Xizang (Hand polished titanium hardtail) * Zaskar (Hardtail - aluminum and recently carbon fibre) * ZR Series road bikes with a numerical designation, the lowest being the best spec'd bike (i.e., a ZR 1.0 was a better quality bike than a ZR 4.0) * ZRX (Cyclocross) ===Trial=== * Ricochet (1988) GT also manufactured a series of highly regarded Track bikes * GTB (General Track Bike) * GT Pulse * Jamie Skinner ==See also== *[[GT Factory Racing]], aka Atherton Racing ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|GT bicycles}} *[http://www.gtbicycles.com Company website] *[http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/GT-Bicycles-Company-History.html GT Bicycles History] *[http://classiccycleus.com/home/superbike/ The 1996 GT Olympic Superbike] *[http://www.gtbicycles.cz Czech official website] {{American bicycle manufacturers}} {{Dorel Industries}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gt Bicycles}} [[Category:Mountain bike manufacturers]] [[Category:Cycle manufacturers of the United States]] [[Category:American companies established in 1979]] [[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1979]]'