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[ 0 => '{{Infobox scientist', 1 => '|name = Matthias Jakob Schleiden', 2 => '|image = PSM V22 D156 Matthias Jacob Schleiden.jpg', 3 => '|image_size = ', 4 => '|caption = Matthias Jakob', 5 => '|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1804|04|05|}}', 6 => '|birth_place = [[Hamburg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]', 7 => '|death_date = {{Death date and age|1881|06|23|1804|04|05|df=y}}', 8 => '|death_place = [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[German Empire]]', 9 => '|residence = ', 10 => '|citizenship = ', 11 => '|nationality = German', 12 => '|ethnicity = ', 13 => '|work_institutions = [[University of Jena]], [[University of Tartu|University of Dorpat]]', 14 => '|alma_mater = [[Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]]', 15 => '|doctoral_advisor = ', 16 => '|doctoral_students = ', 17 => '|known_for = [[Cell theory]]<br>Coining the term '[[cytoblast]]'', 18 => '|author_abbrev_bot = Schleid.', 19 => '|author_abbrev_zoo = ', 20 => '|influences =', 21 => '|influenced = ', 22 => '|prizes =', 23 => '|footnotes = ', 24 => '|signature = ', 25 => '}}', 26 => ''''Matthias Jakob Schleiden''' ({{IPA-de|maˈtiːas ˈjaːkɔp ˈʃlaɪ̯dn̩|lang}};<ref>{{cite book|author1=Dudenredaktion|last2=Kleiner|first2=Stefan|last3=Knöbl|first3=Ralf|year=2015|orig-year=First published 1962|title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=The Pronunciation Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ|language=German|edition=7th|location=Berlin|publisher=Dudenverlag|isbn=978-3-411-04067-4|pp=481, 587, 764}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=E-1tr_oVkW4C&dq=deutsches+ausspracheworterbuch&source=gbs_navlinks_s%7Clanguage=German%7Cyear=2009%7Cpublisher=Walter&redir_esc=y|title=Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch|last=Krech|first=Eva-Maria|last2=Stock|first2=Eberhard|last3=Hirschfeld|first3=Ursula|last4=Anders|first4=Lutz-Christian|date=2009-12-23|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110215564|language=de}}</ref> 1804–1881) was a German [[Botany|botanist]] and co-founder of [[cell theory]], along with [[Theodor Schwann]] and [[Rudolf Virchow]].', 27 => '', 28 => '== Career==', 29 => 'Matthias Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg, a city of the Holy Roman Empire, on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies ', 30 => '<!-- variously stated, needs source: at the [[University of Heidelberg]] or [[University of Jena]] --> ', 31 => 'graduating in 1827. He then established a legal practice ', 32 => '<!-- variously in [[Hamburg]] or [[Heidelberg]] -->', 33 => 'but after a period of emotional depression and an attempted suicide, he changed professions. ', 34 => '', 35 => 'He studied natural science at the [[University of Göttingen]] in Göttingen, Germany, but transferred to the [[University of Berlin]] in 1835 to study plants. [[Johann Horkel]], Schleiden's uncle, encouraged him to study plant embryology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/matthias-jacob-schleiden-1804-1881|title=Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) {{!}} The Embryo Project Encyclopedia|website=embryo.asu.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>', 36 => '', 37 => 'He soon developed his love for botany into a full-time pursuit. Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the [[microscope]]. As a professor of botany at the University of Jena, he wrote ''Contributions to our Knowledge of Phytogenesis'' (1838), in which he stated that all plants are composed of cells. Thus, Schleiden and Schwann became the first to formulate what was then an informal belief as a principle of biology equal in importance to the atomic theory of chemistry. He also recognized the importance of the [[cell nucleus]], discovered in 1831 by the Scottish botanist [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Trisha Creekmore |title=The Science Channel :: 100 Greatest Discoveries: Biology |publisher=[[Discovery Communications]] |url=http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/biology.html |accessdate=2006-10-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024155730/http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/biology.html |archivedate=2006-10-24 }}</ref> and sensed its connection with [[cell division]].', 38 => '', 39 => 'He became professor of botany at the [[University of Tartu|University of Dorpat]] in 1863. He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an [[Chimera (genetics)|embryonic plant organism]] arises from the one cell.', 40 => '', 41 => 'He died in [[Frankfurt am Main]] on 23 June 1881.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/527571/Mathias-Jacob-Schleiden Mathias Jacob Schleiden], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref>', 42 => '', 43 => '''Die Entwickelung der Meduse'' ("The Development of the Medusae"), in Schleiden's ''Das Meer''', 44 => '', 45 => '==Evolution==', 46 => '', 47 => 'Schleiden was an early advocate of [[evolution]]. In a lecture on the "History of the Vegetable World" published in his book ''The Plant: A Biography'' (1848) was a passage that embraced the [[transmutation of species]].<ref>[https://plantmorphology.org/portfolio-item/m-j-schleiden/ "Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881)"]. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. </ref> He was one of the first German biologists to accept [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of evolution. He has been described as a leading proponent of [[Darwinism]] in Germany.<ref>Glick, Thomas F. (1988). ''The Comparative Reception of Darwinism''. University of Chicago Press. p. 83. {{ISBN|0-226-29977-5}}</ref>', 48 => '', 49 => '==Selected publications==', 50 => '', 51 => '* [[iarchive:b30379805/page/n3|''On the Development of the Organization in Phaenogamous Plants'']] (1838)', 52 => '', 53 => '* [[iarchive:plantbiographyin00schlrich/page/n7|''The Plant, a Biography'']] (1848) [translated by [[Arthur Henfrey (botanist)|Arthur Henfrey]]]', 54 => '{{botanist|Schleid.|Scleiden, Matthias Jakob}}', 55 => '', 56 => '==References==', 57 => '{{reflist}}', 58 => '', 59 => '==External links==', 60 => '', 61 => '* [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per134 Short biography and bibliography] in the [[Virtual Laboratory]] of the [[Max Planck Institute for the History of Science]]', 62 => '', 63 => '* Schwann, Theodor and Schleyden, M. J., [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit28715? Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants.] London: Printed for the Sydenham Society, 1847.', 64 => '', 65 => '* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Schleiden, Matthias Jakob}}', 66 => '', 67 => '* {{Cite Americana|short=1|wstitle=year=1920|Schleiden, Matthias Jakob}}', 68 => '', 69 => '* {{de-ADB|31|417|421|Schleiden, Matthias Jacob|Ernst Wunschmann|}}', 70 => '', 71 => '* {{IPNI|query=Schleid.|title=Matthias Jakob Schleiden|accessdate=February 18, 2009}}', 72 => '', 73 => '{{commons category|Matthias Jacob Schleiden}}', 74 => '', 75 => '{{Authority control}}', 76 => '', 77 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Schleiden, Matthias Jakob}}', 78 => '', 79 => '[[Category:1804 births]]', 80 => '[[Category:1881 deaths]]', 81 => '[[Category:Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery]]', 82 => '[[Category:German botanists]]', 83 => '[[Category:Heidelberg University alumni]]', 84 => '[[Category:Scientists from Hamburg]]', 85 => '[[Category:Proto-evolutionary biologists]]', 86 => '[[Category:University of Jena faculty]]', 87 => '[[Category:University of Tartu faculty]]' ]