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'{{about||the use of aircraft to drop supplies and material|Airdrop|other uses|Airdrop (disambiguation)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}} {{Infobox software | logo = AirDrop logo.svg | screenshot = AirDrop in macOS.png | caption = AirDrop on macOS. | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | released = {{Start date and age|2011|07|20}} | discontinued = | programming language = | operating system = [[iOS 7]] and later<br/>[[Mac OS X Lion|OS X 10.7 Lion]] and later | platform = [[iPhone]] 5 and later<br/>[[iPad]] (4th generation) and later<br/>[[iPad Mini]] (1st generation) and later<br/>[[iPod Touch]] (5th generation) and later<br/>[[MacBook Pro]]<br/>[[MacBook Air]]<br/>[[MacBook]]<br/>[[iMac]]<br/>[[iMac Pro]]<br/>[[Mac Mini]]<br/>[[iPad Pro]] (1st generation) and later<br/> | size = | language = | genre = [[Utility software]] | license = Bundled [[proprietary software]] | website = {{URL|https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204144|AirDrop on iOS}}<br>{{URL|https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203106|AirDrop on macOS}} }} '''AirDrop''' is an [[Mobile ad hoc network|ad-hoc service]] in [[Apple Inc.]]'s [[iOS]] and [[macOS]] operating systems, introduced in [[Mac OS X Lion]] (Mac OS X 10.7) and [[iOS 7]],<ref name="About.com">{{cite web | url=http://ipad.about.com/od/iPad_Guide/ss/What-Is-Airdrop-How-Does-It-Work.htm | title=What Is AirDrop? How Does It Work? | publisher=About.com | accessdate=12 January 2014 | author=Nations, Daniel}}</ref> which enables the transfer of files among supported Macintosh computers and iOS devices without using e-mail or a [[mass storage]] device.<ref name="About.com" /> Prior to OS X Yosemite (OS X 10.10), and under OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks (OS X 10.7–10.9, respectively) the AirDrop protocol in macOS was different from the AirDrop protocol of iOS, and the two were therefore not interoperable.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/17/ios-7-review-apple/ | title=Apple iOS 7 Review: A Major Makeover That Delivers, But Takes Some Getting Used To | publisher=[[AOL]] | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=September 17, 2013 | accessdate=October 3, 2013 | author=Etherington, Darrell}}</ref> OS X Yosemite and later support the iOS AirDrop protocol, which is used for transfers between a Mac and an iOS device as well as between two 2012 or newer Mac computers, and which uses both [[Wi-Fi]] and [[Bluetooth]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iphonehacks.com/2014/06/ios-8-and-os-x-yosemite-airdrop.html | title=iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite Preview: AirDrop finally works across iOS and Mac | publisher=iPhone Hacks | work= iPhone Hacks | date=June 23, 2014 | accessdate=October 14, 2015 | author=Jason}}</ref><ref name="OSX">{{cite web | url=https://support.apple.com/HT203106 | title=Use AirDrop to send content from your Mac | publisher=Apple Inc. | date=September 30, 2015 | accessdate=October 14, 2015}}</ref> {{Failed verification span|Legacy mode for the old AirDrop protocol (which only uses Wi-Fi) between two 2012 or older Mac computers is also available until macOS Mojave.<ref name="OSX"/>|date=March 2019|reason=Unable to take a time machine back to 2015. Need to find an updated source to cite, or an archived version of the original source in another location.}} There is no restriction on the size of the file which AirDrop will accommodate. ==Routine== ===iOS=== On iOS 7 and later, AirDrop can be accessed by either tapping on Settings > General > AirDrop,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.idropnews.com/how-to/two-easy-ways-to-access-airdrop-in-ios-11/57229/|title=Two Easy Ways to Access AirDrop in iOS 11|date=2017-12-04|work=iDrop News|access-date=2017-12-05|language=en-US}}</ref> or swiping up the home screen through [[Control Center (iOS)|Control Center]].<ref name="iOS">{{cite web | url=https://support.apple.com/HT204144 | title=Share content with AirDrop from your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch | publisher=Apple Inc. | date=July 23, 2015 | accessdate=October 14, 2015}}</ref> Both [[Wi-Fi]] and [[Bluetooth]] are automatically switched on when AirDrop is enabled as they are both utilized.<ref name="iOS"/> Options for controlling AirDrop discovery by other devices include:<ref name="iOS"/> *No one can see device (AirDrop disabled) *Only contacts can see device *Everyone can see device. In iOS 7 or later, if an application implements AirDrop support, it is available through the share button. AirDrop is subject to a number of restrictions on iOS, such as the inability to share music or videos from the native apps.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ioshacker.com/cydia/anydrop-enables-sendreceive-file-including-music-using-airdrop | title=AnyDrop enables you to Send/Receive any file including Music using AirDrop - iOS Hacker | publisher=iOS Hacker | work= iOS Hacker | date=March 24, 2014 | accessdate=October 14, 2015}}</ref> ===macOS=== On Macs running macOS with Mac OS X 10.7 and greater, AirDrop is available in the [[Finder (software)|Finder]] window sidebar.<ref name="howto">{{cite web | url=http://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-use-os-x-lion-airdrop/ | title=How to use OS X Lion AirDrop - CNET | publisher=CNET | work=[[CNET]] | date=September 29, 2011 | accessdate=October 14, 2015 | author=Rawlinson, Nik}}</ref> On Macs running OS X 10.8.1 or later, it can also be accessed through the menu option Go → AirDrop or by pressing {{key press|Shift}}+{{key press|Cmd}}+{{key press|R}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://macosxautomation.com/workshops/sharing/01.html | title=OS X Automation Workshop: Sharing Content Locally | website=Mac OS X Automation | accessdate=October 14, 2015}}</ref> [[Wi-Fi]] must be turned on in order for AirDrop to recognize the other device. The other device must also have AirDrop selected in a Finder window sidebar to be able to transfer files. Furthermore, files are not automatically accepted; the receiving user must accept the transfer.<ref name="howto"/> This is done to improve security and privacy.<ref name="howto"/> == System limitations == ===Transfer between two iOS devices=== Running [[iOS 7]] or later:<ref name="iOS"/> * [[iPhone 5]] or newer * [[iPad (4th generation)]] or newer * [[iPad Pro]]: all models *[[iPad Mini]]: all models * [[iPod Touch (5th generation)]] or newer AirDrop can be enabled unofficially on [[iPad (3rd generation)]]. Although not supported by default, AirDrop can be enabled by [[iOS jailbreaking|jailbreaking]] the device and installing "AirDrop Enabler 7.0+" from [[Cydia]]. This procedure is not supported or recommended by Apple, as engaging in jailbreaking can cause software instability, and introduce [[Computer virus|viruses]].<ref name="PasteBin">{{cite web|url=http://pastebin.com/t86PwFJu |title=AirDrop Port Explaination{{sic|nolink=y|expected=Explanation}} |publisher=Thuchapol |date=December 27, 2013 |accessdate=February 13, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222134218/http://pastebin.com/t86PwFJu |archivedate=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> ===Transfer between two Mac computers=== Running [[Mac OS X Lion]] (10.7) or later:<ref name="OSX"/> * [[MacBook Pro]]: Late 2008 or newer, excluding late 2008 17-inch * [[MacBook Air]]: Late 2010 or newer * [[MacBook#2nd generation: Aluminium Unibody|Aluminum MacBook]]: Late 2008 * [[MacBook]] and [[iMac]]: Early 2009 or newer * [[Mac Mini]]: Mid 2010 or newer * [[Mac Pro]]: Early 2009 with AirPort Extreme card, or mid 2010 or newer ===Transfer between a Mac and an iOS device=== To transfer files between a Mac and an iPhone, iPad or iPod touch, the following minimum requirements have to be met:<ref>{{cite web|title=OS X Yosemite: supported devices for Handoff, Instant Hotspot, Phone Calling, SMS, and AirDrop|url=https://support.apple.com/kb/PH18947|website=Apple|accessdate=October 14, 2015}}</ref> All iOS devices with AirDrop are supported with [[iOS 8]] or later:<ref name="iOS"/> Running [[OS X Yosemite]] (10.10) or later:<ref name="OSX"/> * [[MacBook Air]]: Mid 2012 or newer * [[MacBook (2015–present)|MacBook (Retina)]]: all models * [[MacBook Pro]]: Mid 2012 or newer * [[iMac]]: Late 2012 or newer * [[iMac Pro]]: all models * [[Mac Mini]]: Late 2012 or newer * [[Mac Pro]]: Late 2013 or newer Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have to be turned on for both Mac and iOS devices. (Both devices are not required to be connected to the same Wi-Fi network.) ==Security and privacy== AirDrop uses [[TLS encryption]] over a direct Apple-created [[peer-to-peer]] [[Wi-Fi]] connection for [[File transfer|transferring files]].<ref name="ios11_security">{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/chde/business/docs/site/iOS_Security_Guide.pdf |title=iOS Security - iOS 11 |accessdate=2018-03-11 |date=January 2018 |publisher=[[Apple Inc|Apple]] }}</ref> The [[RF module|Wi-Fi radio]]s of the source and target devices communicate directly without using an Internet connection or [[Wi-Fi Access Point]].<ref name="ios11_security"/> The technical details of AirDrop and the proprietary peer-to-peer Wi-Fi protocol called ''Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL)'' have been reverse engineered<ref name="usenix_paper">{{cite conference |url=https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity19/presentation/stute |title=A Billion Open Interfaces for Eve and Mallory: MitM, DoS, and Tracking Attacks on iOS and macOS Through Apple Wireless Direct Link |year=2019 |conference=28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security '19) |author=Milan Stute |author2=Sashank Narain |author3=Alex Mariotto |author4=Alexander Heinrich |author5=David Kreitschmann |author6=Guevara Noubir |author7=Matthias Hollick }}</ref> and the resulting open source implementations published as ''OWL''<ref name="owl">{{cite web |url=https://github.com/seemoo-lab/owl |title=OWL: An open Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL) implementation written in C |accessdate=2019-05-20 |author=Milan Stute |publisher=GitHub }}</ref> and ''OpenDrop''.<ref name="opendrop">{{cite web |url=https://github.com/seemoo-lab/opendrop |title=OpenDrop: An open Apple AirDrop implementation written in Python |accessdate=2019-05-20 |author=Milan Stute |author2=Alexander Heinrich |publisher=GitHub }}</ref> There have been numerous reported cases where iOS device users with AirDrop privacy set to “Everyone” have received unwanted files from nearby strangers; the phenomenon has been termed "[[cyber-flashing]]."<ref>{{cite news |author=Sarah Bell |date=13 August 2015 |title=Police investigate 'first cyber-flashing' case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-33889225 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2017/08/12/airdropping-dick-pics-is-the-latest-horrifying-subway-trend/|title=AirDropping penis pics is the latest horrifying subway trend|last=Licea|first=Melkorka|date=12 August 2017|website=[[New York Post]]|access-date=14 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2018/09/01/oakland-maui-pepper-spray-disturbing-photo-delay/|title=Oakland-Maui flight: Pepper spray emergency follows disturbing photo|last=Harris|first=Harry|date=1 September 2018|website=[[East Bay Times]]|access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref> Users have the full ability to control their AirDrop settings and limit who can send them files, with options for "Everyone", "Contacts Only", or "Off". iOS 13 no longer shows Thumbnails on the prompt when receiving images sent by strangers. == See also == * [[Nearby Share]], a similar technology for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] smart phones * [[Bonjour (software)|Bonjour]], the service discovery protocol employed * [[Shoutr]], a free P2P multi-user solution for sharing files among multiple people (Wi-Fi) * [[Wi-Fi Direct]], a similar technology * [[Zapya]], a free file transfer solution over Wi-Fi ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * How-to: [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203106 Use AirDrop to send content from your Mac] * How-to: [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204144 How to use AirDrop with your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch] {{Apple Inc.}} {{Mac OS X}} {{iOS}} [[Category:MacOS]] [[Category:IOS]] [[Category:MacOS file sharing software]]'