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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|British supermarket chain}}
{{About|the supermarket chain|supermarkets in Iceland|List of supermarket chains in Iceland}}
{{redirect|Iceland Foods|foods of Iceland|Icelandic cuisine}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Iceland Foods Ltd
| logo = Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1970|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Sir Malcolm Walker]]
| industry = [[Retail]]ing
| location = [[Deeside]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]]
| num_locations = 1000+
| num_locations_year = 2020
| key_people = {{ubl|[[Sir Malcolm Walker]]|([[Executive Chairman]])|Tarsem Dhaliwal|([[Chief executive officer]])|Richard Walker|([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])|
Nigel Broadhurst|([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])}}
| products = [[Frozen foods]]<br>[[Grocery|Groceries]]
| profit = £157 million (2019)
| num_employees = 23,000+
| num_employees_year = 2019
}}
'''Iceland Foods Ltd''' (trading as '''Iceland''') is a British [[supermarket]] chain headquartered in [[Deeside]], Wales.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://about.iceland.co.uk/contact-us/ | title=Contact Us – About Iceland}}</ref> It has an emphasis on the sale of frozen foods, including prepared meals and vegetables. They also sell non-frozen grocery items such as produce, meat, dairy, and dry goods. The company has an approximate 2.2% share of the UK food market.
==History==
Iceland began business in 1970, when [[Malcolm Walker (businessman)| Malcolm Walker]] opened the first store in Leg Street, [[Oswestry]], [[Shropshire]], England, with his business partner Peter Hinchcliffe. Together, they invested £60 for one month's rent at the store.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/|title=The Iceland Story|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222171903/http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/|archive-date=22 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The name 'Iceland' was suggested by Walker's wife Rhianydd (Ranny).<ref>Malcolm Walker autobiography Best Served Cold, 2013</ref> They were still employees of [[Woolworths Group plc|Woolworths]] at the time, and their employment was terminated once their employer discovered their job on the side. Iceland initially specialised in loose frozen food.<ref name="referenceforbusiness.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/83/Iceland-Group-plc.html|title=Iceland Group plc – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Iceland Group plc|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> By 1977, they'd opened a new store in Manchester selling own-labelled packaged food, and by 1978 it had 28 stores to its name.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-big-food-group-plc-history/|title=History of the big Food Group – Funding Universe|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Icelandclapham.jpg|thumb|A newer style Iceland store in [[Clapham Common]], [[London]].]]
[[File:Iceland Horwich Refurbishment.png|thumb|Iceland [[Horwich]] in [[Greater Manchester]], before and after a refurbishment in 2019.]]
In 1983, the business grew by purchasing the 18 stores of [[Bristol]]-based St. Catherine's Freezer Centres, and in 1984 the business went public for the first time.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/> The cash investment was used to purchase South East-based Orchard Frozen Foods in 1986, and the purchase of larger rival [[Bejam]] in 1988. In 1993, Iceland took over the food halls of the [[Littlewoods]] department store and also acquired the French Au Gel chain. The latter move proved unsuccessful and the stores were dropped within a year.<ref name="referenceforbusiness.com"/>
In 1996, eight stores were opened in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], seven in [[Dublin]] and one in [[Letterkenny]]. They all closed down in 2005 owing to financial difficulties. The supermarket also attempted ties with [[British Home Stores]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Julia Finch |url=https://www.theguardian.com/efinance/article/0,2763,184599,00.html |title=Iceland seeks cooler image with online rebranding | Business |work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2000 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> In May 2000, Iceland merged with [[Booker-McConnell|Booker plc]] with Booker's [[Stuart Rose]] taking the role of CEO of the merged company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8366635.stm|title=BBC News : Sir Stuart Rose's legacy at M&S|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> He left for the [[Arcadia Group]] in November 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucs.ac.uk/Alumni/Graduation-Gallery/HonoraryGraduates/SirStuartRose.aspx|title=Sir Stuart Rose|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> and was replaced by [[Bill Grimsey]] in January 2001.<ref name="IND-2001-01-23">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html |title=Iceland pays the price of Rose's organic neglect - Business Comment, Business - The Independent |date= |accessdate=12 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101114137/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html |archivedate=1 January 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Iceland supermarket front.jpg|thumb|Iceland store on Camberwell Road, [[south London]].]] Soon after Grimsey's appointment, Malcolm Walker, Iceland's founder and chairman, was forced to stand down, as it was revealed that he had sold £13.5 million of Iceland shares just five weeks before the company released the first of several profits warnings.<ref name="Tel-2001-04-11">{{cite news|author=Finance |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4480049/Walker-quits-after-Iceland-sales-dive.html |title=Walker quits after Iceland sales dive |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=31 January 2001 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tel-2001-08-21">{{cite news|author=Finance |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2730881/I-acted-properly-says-Icelands-Malcolm-Walker.html |title='I acted properly' says Iceland's Malcolm Walker |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=20 August 2001 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> Walker was fully cleared of these allegations in October 2004{{Inconsistent|date=March 2020}}.<ref name="MoS-2004-10-17">{{cite web|author=Andrew Oxlade |url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=394530&in_page_id=2&in_a_source= |title=Markets price in better chance of 2010 interest rate rise |publisher=This is Money |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
Iceland's holding company was renamed [[the Big Food Group]] in February 2002,<ref name="AboutIceland">{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story |title=The Iceland story |date=14 December 2007 |accessdate=12 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214204438/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story |archivedate=14 December 2007}}</ref> and attempted a refocus on the convenience sector with a bid for [[Londis (United Kingdom)|Londis]].<ref name="Londis">{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/londis-shareholders-wooed-with-letters-from-iceland-74723.html | title=Londis shareholders wooed with letters from Iceland | work=[[The Independent]] | date=4 January 2004 | accessdate=5 July 2016 | author=Townsend, Abigail}}</ref> Grimsey remained until the takeover and demerger of the Big Food Group by a consortium led by the Icelandic company, [[Baugur Group]], in February 2005.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} Walker returned to his previous role at Iceland.<ref name="AboutIceland"/> Iceland's website has a page critical of Grimsey's period in control.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan |title=Welcome to Iceland Foods |publisher=Iceland.co.uk |date= |accessdate=25 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223100323/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan |archive-date=23 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
After Baugur Group collapsed in 2009, a 77% stake in Iceland came into the ownership of the Icelandic banks [[Landsbanki]] and [[Glitnir (bank)|Glitnir]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} In 2012 the stake was purchased by a consortium including Malcolm Walker and [[Graham Kirkham]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031204124/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html|title=Iceland Foods CEO Walker Purchases U.K. Frozen Food Chain for $2.3 Billion|archivedate=31 October 2013|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref>
Since Malcolm Walker's return to the company, Iceland has reduced the workforce by 500 jobs at the Deeside head office, with approximately 300 jobs moved in September as a result of a relocation of a distribution warehouse from Deeside to [[Warrington]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} During July 2006, 300 workers took industrial action with the support of their union, blocking several lorries from entering the depot. Despite this, the transfer to Warrington took place and the new warehouse was later outsourced to [[DHL Express|DHL]] in April 2007.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
In November 2008, Iceland re-entered the Irish market, when it reopened a store in Ballyfermot in Dublin, after Iceland agreed a franchise deal with an Irish cash and carry company, AIM,<ref>{{cite web|last=Garvey |first=Anthony |url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/articles.aspx?page=articles&ID=196449 |title=Iceland returns to Ireland with franchise deal |publisher=Thegrocer.co.uk |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> and in November 2009 a second store reopened in [[Finglas]], Dublin. A third opened on the Navan Road in September 2010. A fourth store opened in the [[Ilac Centre]] in Dublin in November 2010. There are now ten Iceland stores in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/ |title=Iceland Foods Ireland :: Store Location |publisher=Iceland.ie |accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref>
[[File:IcelandStoreInterior.jpg|thumb|The interior of an Iceland supermarket in [[Horwich]], [[Bolton]], [[Greater Manchester]] ]]
In January 2009, Iceland announced that it would buy 51 stores in the UK from the failed [[Woolworths Group]] chain, three days after the final 200 Woolworths stores closed their doors for the last time.<ref name="51 stores bought">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7820981.stm |title=Business | Iceland buys 51 Woolworths stores |publisher=BBC News |date=9 January 2009 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> In April 2009, Iceland announced plans to close its appliance showrooms by September 2009 to concentrate on food retailing.<ref>h{{cite web|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/Iceland_Foods_Appliance_Showroom_Closure.pdf |title=Iceland Foods Closes Appliances Showrooms |publisher=About.iceland.co.uk |accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref> Iceland's sales for the year ended 27 March 2009 were £2.08 billion, a 16% increase on the previous year, with net profits of £113.7 million.<ref name="record">{{cite news | url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/iceland-announces-record-sales-figures-2099936 | title=Iceland announces record sales figures | work=[[Wales Online]] | date=13 June 2009 | accessdate=5 July 2016}}</ref> An additional Iceland store opened in Dudley town centre on 2 December 2010 in part of the former [[Beatties]] department store, 21 years after their initial departure from the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2010/08/23/iceland-in-move-to-former-beatties-store/ |title=Iceland in move to former Beatties store « Express & Star |work=Express & Star |date=23 August 2010 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
Iceland also operates stores in Spain and Portugal (countries with substantial British immigrant communities), in conjunction with Spanish-based retailer Overseas. The stores stock Iceland products as well as [[Waitrose]]'s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lawson |first=Alex |url=http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article |title=Iceland forms partnership in Czech Republic | Refrigeration and Air Conditioning |publisher=Racplus.com |date=27 February 2012 |accessdate=3 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001124222/http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article |archivedate=1 October 2015}}</ref> On 28 July 2012 Iceland opened a store in Kópavogur, Iceland.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgunblaðið | url=http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2012/07/03/iceland_opnar_28_juli/ |title=Iceland opens its first store in Iceland (in Icelandic) |publisher=mbl.is |date=3 July 2012 |accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> Today Iceland operates 3 24/7 stores located in Kópavogur and the capital [[Reykjavík]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Iceland |url=http://www.icelandbudir.is/ |title=Iceland's Icelandic website (in Icelandic) |publisher=Ísland-Verslun hf |date=8 December 2014}}</ref> [[Sandpiper CI]] has six Iceland franchise supermarkets in [[Jersey]] and four in [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland |title=Iceland • SandpiperCI |publisher=Sandpiperci.com |accessdate=3 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021215517/http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland |archivedate=21 October 2013}}</ref>
Via franchise agreement with a local food importer and distributor, Iceland operates in Malta. Initially - from 1998 - this was the supply only of Iceland-branded products to supermarkets, but from 2015 the operation opened its first Iceland store in [[Birkirkara]]. Further stores then opened in [[Mosta]] and [[Qawra]] with a 4th store in Marsascala opening in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iceland.com.mt/index.php/about-us/|title=About Us {{!}} Iceland.com.mt|website=www.iceland.com.mt|language=en-US|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref> The Malta offering differs substantially to that in the UK. There is a greater emphasis on non-frozen produce and stores feature fresh fruit and veg and bakery sections. Indeed in the Mosta store, most of the retail space is taken up with non-frozen produce and features manned bakery, butchers, deli and fruit and veg counters, meaning the store is more akin to a conventional supermarket than it is a frozen food store.
In 2013, two labs, one in Ireland and another in Germany, on behalf of the Irish state agency FSAI, identified 0.1% equine DNA in some Iceland products. Malcolm Walker caused controversy when on a BBC ''Panorama'' programme (18 February 2013) he was asked why the products had passed British tests but failed the Irish ones. He replied, "Well, that's the Irish, isn't it?".<ref name="irishtimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |date=15 March 2013 |accessdate=12 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315052910/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html |archivedate=15 March 2013}}</ref>
On 25 November 2013, Iceland acquired seven Irish stores which were previously franchised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.retail-week.com/sectors/food/iceland-acquires-its-seven-franchised-irish-stores/5055247.article |title=Iceland acquires its seven franchised Irish stores|work=Retail Week |date=28 August 2010 |accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> On 27 November, Iceland began selling appliances online again in partnership with [[DRL Limited]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/iceland-appliances-to-sell-fridges-and-freezers-via-the-web/352058.article |title=Iceland launches white goods site in tie-up with AO.com owner DRL|publisher=The Grocer |date=28 August 2010 |accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> In May 2014, Iceland reintroduced online shopping, which was dropped in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iceland to launch click and collect service|url=http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/sectors/retail/iceland-to-launch-click-and-collect-service/4008969.article|publisher=marketing week|accessdate=6 January 2014}}</ref>
In January 2018, Iceland announced that it would end the use of [[plastic]] for all of its own-brand products by the end of 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42692642|title=Iceland supermarket chain aims to be plastic free by 2023|accessdate=16 January 2018|publisher=BBC News|date=16 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Iceland-aims-to-be-plastic-free-across-own-label-range-by-2023-16.1.18.pdf|title=ICELAND AIMS TO BE PLASTIC-FREE ACROSS OWN LABEL RANGE BY 2023 |accessdate=16 January 2018|publisher=Iceland|date=16 January 2018}}</ref>
In April 2018, BBC One's ''Watchdog'' accused Iceland of leaving meat and milk products out of the fridge for over 14 hours. A former Iceland manager informed the BBC that deliveries to Iceland were removed from a lorry and left for several hours instead of being returned to a controlled temperature. An undercover reporter for the programme responsible for unloading a delivery was told not to prioritise the chilled foods, which were then left out for over 14 hours without being refrigerated despite Food Standards Agency requirements that chilled food should never be left unrefrigerated for more than two hours and should never rise above eight degrees.{{cn|date=March 2019}}
==Promotions==
The company has more recently made large scale changes to its promotions. In the past "Buy One Get One Free" and Meal Deals (a selection of products for a set price) were common in stores. These have now been reduced and replaced with products offering bigger packs at the original prices. The pricing system has also been changed with many products having their prices rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 25p, this is known as ''Clear Cut Prices''.
2006 also saw a huge surge in 'Home Delivery' promotion. This service is now one of the main focuses of the company. When a customer spends £20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/terms-and-conditions/|title=www.iceland.co.uk|website=www.iceland.co.uk}}</ref> or more whilst shopping in store, they have the option of free same-day or next-day home delivery, from available time slots. Customers can also shop online and receive free home delivery if they spend more than £35 online.
On 6 October 2008, Iceland launched the "Bonus Card", a [[loyalty card]] and replacement for the original home delivery card. It allows customers to save money onto the card, with Iceland putting £1 onto the card each time a customer saves £20, and also gives occasional discounts, offers, and entry to competitions, including their main competition, which is that each month one Bonus Card holder from every store wins the entire cost of their shop for free.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/about-bonus-card/|title=Discover the Iceland Bonus Card – Bursting with benefits|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref>
As of January 2016, Iceland discontinued the selling of saving stamps at their stores, instead redirecting people to save money onto their Bonus Cards instead.
The company has pledged to "[[Plastic pollution|eliminate or drastically reduce]] all [[Plastic container|plastic packaging]] for its store-brand products by 2023."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treehugger.com/environmental-policy/uk-supermarket-promises-go-plastic-free-2023.html|title=UK supermarket promises to go plastic-free by 2023|last=Martinko|first=Katherine|date=January 17, 2018|website=TreeHugger|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date= |access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref>
==Identity and marketing==
[[File:Iceland logo.svg|thumb|left|160px|Iceland logo from 2001 until 2015.]]
Iceland historically advertised with the slogan "Mums Love It", which was changed to "Are we doing a deal or are we doing a deal?" and "Feel the deal" in the early 2000s. From the mid-2000s new ads featuring [[Kerry Katona]] saw a return to a slogan more traditionally associated with Iceland – "So that's why mums go to Iceland!" Katona was dropped as the face of Iceland in 2009, after a tabloid newspaper published pictures allegedly showing her taking [[cocaine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/18/kerry-katona-iceland|title=Kerry Katona dropped by Iceland|author=Stephen Brook|work=the Guardian|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> She was succeeded by [[Coleen Nolan]], [[Ellie Taylor]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/NewFaceWinner.pdf |title=N'Ice Work Ellie |publisher=About.iceland.co.uk |accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Stacey Solomon]] and [[Jason Donovan]], who has also frequently appeared in the company's Christmas advert campaigns. [[Peter Andre]] is the current face of Iceland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a591648/peter-andre-announced-as-new-face-of-supermarket-chain-iceland.html|title=Peter Andre announced as new face of supermarket chain Iceland|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> The current main tagline is the truncated "That's why mums go to Iceland". Store fronts also bear the tagline "food you can trust", and carrier bags in stores bear the tagline "the frozen food experts". Since May 2015, the TV adverts have used the tagline and [[hashtag]] of "Power Of Frozen"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/iceland-debuts-power-of-frozen-television-advertising-campaign/|title=Iceland debuts Power of Frozen television advertising campaign|work=FoodBev|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> and are fronted and voiced over by [[Peter Andre]], explaining the benefits of frozen products.
When the chain bought rival [[Bejam]] in 1989, they launched the TV-advertising campaign "Use Our Imagination," which included a song. The campaign was launched so quickly after the takeover that they had no time to convert all Bejam stores to the "Iceland" fascia. Because of this, the song for the commercial featured the line "We're at Bejam's too..."
In 2013, Iceland stores appeared in a BBC documentary called ''[[Iceland Foods: Life in The Freezer Cabinet]]''.
Iceland was the main sponsor of the [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]] reality TV show ''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)|I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]]'' from its [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 6)|sixth series]] in 2006 until its [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 14)|fourteenth series]] in 2014.
In 2014 they announced a sub brand for their stores, ''Food Warehouse''.<ref name="TheGrocer.co.uk">{{cite web|last1=Halliwell|first1=James|title=Iceland to launch new Food Warehouse discount store|url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/channels/discounters/iceland-to-launch-new-food-warehouse-discount-store/369617.article|website=TheGrocer.co.uk|accessdate=21 February 2017|language=en|date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
In 2018 Iceland announced they would end use of [[palm oil]] in all their own brand products due to concern over [[Social and environmental impact of palm oil|environmental impact of palm oil]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/10/iceland-to-be-first-uk-supermarket-to-cut-palm-oil-from-own-brand-products Iceland to be first UK supermarket to cut palm oil from own-brand products] ''[[The Guardian]]''</ref> It was the first major UK supermarket to ban palm oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43696948|title=Iceland supermarkets to ban palm oil in own-brand products|work=BBC|accessdate=14 January 2019}}</ref>
In November 2018, Iceland submitted a version of an animated short starring a fictional [[orangutan]] named Rang-tan (originally released by [[Greenpeace]]<ref name="GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817">{{cite press release|title=World Orangutan Day: Numbers in decline despite Indonesian government's claims |url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/18064/world-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims/ |accessdate=14 November 2018 |publisher=[[Greenpeace|Greenpeace International]] |date=17 August 2018}}</ref>) to [[Clearcast]], but the [[Clearcast#Rang-tan advert|submission was denied]].<ref name="Clearcast-PR-181109">{{cite press release|title=Iceland advert |url=https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/ |accessdate=14 November 2018 |publisher=Clearcast |date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Iceland originally planned to utilise the short as the television advertisement for Christmas season that year, and it was an extension to the earlier palm oil reduction drive.<ref name="PRWeek-181109">{{cite news |last1=Gwynn |first1=Simon |title=Clearcast halted Iceland's plans to reuse Greenpeace 'Rang-tan' film |url=https://www.prweek.com/article/1498526/clearcast-halted-icelands-plans-reuse-greenpeace-rang-tan-film |accessdate=14 November 2018 |work=[[PRWeek]] |publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group]] |date=November 9, 2018}}</ref>
In January 2020, Iceland stores appeared in a [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] series called Inside Iceland: Britain’s Budget Supermarket.<br />
==Dispute over the trademark "Iceland"==
Iceland Foods Ltd has been accused by the government of [[Iceland]] of engaging in abusive behaviour by trademarking the name of the country, and of "harass[ing] Icelandic companies and even the Icelandic tourism board" by pursuing legal action against Icelandic companies which use the name of their country in their trading names.<ref name="icelandmag.is">{{cite web|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/no-solution-sight-absurd-trademark-dispute-between-iceland-and-uk-supermarket|title=No solution in sight in absurd trademark dispute between Iceland and UK supermarket|publisher=}}</ref> In November 2016, the Icelandic government filed a legal challenge at the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] (EUIPO) to have the company's trademark invalidated "on the basis that the term ‘Iceland’ is exceptionally broad and ambiguous in definition, often rendering the country’s firms unable to describe their products as Icelandic".<ref name="Guardian24112016">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/government-of-iceland-to-challenge-retail-chain-iceland-over-name-use|title=Iceland government challenges retail chain Iceland over name use|last=Butler|first=Sarah|work=The Guardian|date=24 November 2016|accessdate=24 November 2016}}</ref> The ''Iceland Magazine'' noted that:
:Iceland Foods was founded in 1970, but only acquired the Europe wide trademark registration of "Iceland" in 2005. According to the Sagas Iceland, the nation, was established in 874. It is an insult to common sense to maintain that the supermarket chain has a stronger claim to the trademark than the country.<ref name="icelandmag.is"/>
In April 2019, The EUIPO invalidated the Iceland trademark. <ref name="ABC">{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-13/iceland-country-secures-trademark-win-over-supermarket-chain/10999984|title=Iceland wins EU trademark battle against United Kingdom-based supermarket chain|accessdate=9 November 2019}}</ref>
==Store locations==
[[File:Iceland, Pontefract (25th April 2019).jpg|thumb|right|A branch of Iceland in [[Pontefract]], [[West Yorkshire]].]]
[[File:Iceland In Spain.jpg|thumb|right|An Iceland store in [[Torrevieja]], [[Spain]].]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Number of stores
|-
| United Kingdom
| 960+
|-
| Ireland
| 27<ref>{{cite web |title=Iceland IE store finder |url=https://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/ |accessdate=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Spain
| 15<ref>{{cite web |title=Iceland International |url=https://www.icelandinternational.com/franchises/spain/ |accessdate=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Czech Republic
| 11<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.cz/kontakt/prodejny/ |title=Iceland Czech a.s. |publisher=Iceland Czech a.s. |accessdate=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Iceland
| 7<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Iceland (Iceland) Website|url=http://icelandbudir.is/|accessdate=4 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Norway
| 5<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.icelandmat.no/butikker|title=Our stores (Norwegian) {{!}}Own page |date=7 September 2019 |accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Jersey
| 5<ref name="sandpiperci.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.sandpiperci.com/store-finder/iceland |title=Iceland – Sandpiper CI |publisher=Sandpiper CI |accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Malta
| 4<ref>{{cite news|last=Bonello|first=Claire|title=Supermarkets 'r' us?|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933|date=13 April 2008|work=[[Times of Malta]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527144417/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933|archive-date=27 May 2011|oclc=220797156}}</ref>
|-
| Guernsey
| 4<ref name="sandpiperci.com" />
|-
| Portugal
| 4
|-
|}
<br/><br/><br/>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Iceland (supermarket)}}
* [http://www.iceland.co.uk/ Iceland (UK)]
* [http://www.iceland.ie/ Iceland (Ireland)]
{{Iceland Foods Ltd}}
{{UK supermarkets}}
{{Supermarkets in Ireland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iceland (Supermarket)}}
[[Category:British companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Retail companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of Spain]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of Portugal]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Welsh brands]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Wales]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|British supermarket chain}}
{{About|the supermarket chain|supermarkets in Iceland|List of supermarket chains in Iceland}}
{{redirect|Iceland Foods|foods of Iceland|Icelandic cuisine}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Iceland Foods Ltd
| logo = Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1970|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Sir Malcolm Walker]]
| industry = [[Retail]]ing
| location = [[Deeside]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]]
| num_locations = 1000+
| num_locations_year = 2020
| key_people = <nowiki>{{ubl|</nowiki>[[Sir Malcolm Walker]]{{!}}([[Executive Chairman]]){{!}}Tarsem Dhaliwal{{!}}([[Chief executive officer]]){{!}}Richard Walker{{!}}([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])
| products = [[Frozen foods]]<br>[[Grocery|Groceries]]
| profit = £157 million (2019)
| num_employees = 23,000+
| num_employees_year = 2019
}}
'''Iceland Foods Ltd''' (trading as '''Iceland''') is a British [[supermarket]] chain headquartered in [[Deeside]], Wales.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://about.iceland.co.uk/contact-us/ | title=Contact Us – About Iceland}}</ref> It has an emphasis on the sale of frozen foods, including prepared meals and vegetables. They also sell non-frozen grocery items such as produce, meat, dairy, and dry goods. The company has an approximate 2.2% share of the UK food market.
==History==
Iceland began business in 1970, when [[Malcolm Walker (businessman)| Malcolm Walker]] opened the first store in Leg Street, [[Oswestry]], [[Shropshire]], England, with his business partner Peter Hinchcliffe. Together, they invested £60 for one month's rent at the store.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/|title=The Iceland Story|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222171903/http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/|archive-date=22 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The name 'Iceland' was suggested by Walker's wife Rhianydd (Ranny).<ref>Malcolm Walker autobiography Best Served Cold, 2013</ref> They were still employees of [[Woolworths Group plc|Woolworths]] at the time, and their employment was terminated once their employer discovered their job on the side. Iceland initially specialised in loose frozen food.<ref name="referenceforbusiness.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/83/Iceland-Group-plc.html|title=Iceland Group plc – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Iceland Group plc|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> By 1977, they'd opened a new store in Manchester selling own-labelled packaged food, and by 1978 it had 28 stores to its name.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-big-food-group-plc-history/|title=History of the big Food Group – Funding Universe|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Icelandclapham.jpg|thumb|A newer style Iceland store in [[Clapham Common]], [[London]].]]
[[File:Iceland Horwich Refurbishment.png|thumb|Iceland [[Horwich]] in [[Greater Manchester]], before and after a refurbishment in 2019.]]
In 1983, the business grew by purchasing the 18 stores of [[Bristol]]-based St. Catherine's Freezer Centres, and in 1984 the business went public for the first time.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/> The cash investment was used to purchase South East-based Orchard Frozen Foods in 1986, and the purchase of larger rival [[Bejam]] in 1988. In 1993, Iceland took over the food halls of the [[Littlewoods]] department store and also acquired the French Au Gel chain. The latter move proved unsuccessful and the stores were dropped within a year.<ref name="referenceforbusiness.com"/>
In 1996, eight stores were opened in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], seven in [[Dublin]] and one in [[Letterkenny]]. They all closed down in 2005 owing to financial difficulties. The supermarket also attempted ties with [[British Home Stores]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Julia Finch |url=https://www.theguardian.com/efinance/article/0,2763,184599,00.html |title=Iceland seeks cooler image with online rebranding | Business |work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2000 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> In May 2000, Iceland merged with [[Booker-McConnell|Booker plc]] with Booker's [[Stuart Rose]] taking the role of CEO of the merged company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8366635.stm|title=BBC News : Sir Stuart Rose's legacy at M&S|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> He left for the [[Arcadia Group]] in November 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucs.ac.uk/Alumni/Graduation-Gallery/HonoraryGraduates/SirStuartRose.aspx|title=Sir Stuart Rose|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> and was replaced by [[Bill Grimsey]] in January 2001.<ref name="IND-2001-01-23">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html |title=Iceland pays the price of Rose's organic neglect - Business Comment, Business - The Independent |date= |accessdate=12 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101114137/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html |archivedate=1 January 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Iceland supermarket front.jpg|thumb|Iceland store on Camberwell Road, [[south London]].]] Soon after Grimsey's appointment, Malcolm Walker, Iceland's founder and chairman, was forced to stand down, as it was revealed that he had sold £13.5 million of Iceland shares just five weeks before the company released the first of several profits warnings.<ref name="Tel-2001-04-11">{{cite news|author=Finance |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4480049/Walker-quits-after-Iceland-sales-dive.html |title=Walker quits after Iceland sales dive |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=31 January 2001 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tel-2001-08-21">{{cite news|author=Finance |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2730881/I-acted-properly-says-Icelands-Malcolm-Walker.html |title='I acted properly' says Iceland's Malcolm Walker |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=20 August 2001 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> Walker was fully cleared of these allegations in October 2004{{Inconsistent|date=March 2020}}.<ref name="MoS-2004-10-17">{{cite web|author=Andrew Oxlade |url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=394530&in_page_id=2&in_a_source= |title=Markets price in better chance of 2010 interest rate rise |publisher=This is Money |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
Iceland's holding company was renamed [[the Big Food Group]] in February 2002,<ref name="AboutIceland">{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story |title=The Iceland story |date=14 December 2007 |accessdate=12 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214204438/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story |archivedate=14 December 2007}}</ref> and attempted a refocus on the convenience sector with a bid for [[Londis (United Kingdom)|Londis]].<ref name="Londis">{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/londis-shareholders-wooed-with-letters-from-iceland-74723.html | title=Londis shareholders wooed with letters from Iceland | work=[[The Independent]] | date=4 January 2004 | accessdate=5 July 2016 | author=Townsend, Abigail}}</ref> Grimsey remained until the takeover and demerger of the Big Food Group by a consortium led by the Icelandic company, [[Baugur Group]], in February 2005.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} Walker returned to his previous role at Iceland.<ref name="AboutIceland"/> Iceland's website has a page critical of Grimsey's period in control.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan |title=Welcome to Iceland Foods |publisher=Iceland.co.uk |date= |accessdate=25 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223100323/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan |archive-date=23 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
After Baugur Group collapsed in 2009, a 77% stake in Iceland came into the ownership of the Icelandic banks [[Landsbanki]] and [[Glitnir (bank)|Glitnir]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} In 2012 the stake was purchased by a consortium including Malcolm Walker and [[Graham Kirkham]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031204124/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html|title=Iceland Foods CEO Walker Purchases U.K. Frozen Food Chain for $2.3 Billion|archivedate=31 October 2013|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref>
Since Malcolm Walker's return to the company, Iceland has reduced the workforce by 500 jobs at the Deeside head office, with approximately 300 jobs moved in September as a result of a relocation of a distribution warehouse from Deeside to [[Warrington]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} During July 2006, 300 workers took industrial action with the support of their union, blocking several lorries from entering the depot. Despite this, the transfer to Warrington took place and the new warehouse was later outsourced to [[DHL Express|DHL]] in April 2007.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
In November 2008, Iceland re-entered the Irish market, when it reopened a store in Ballyfermot in Dublin, after Iceland agreed a franchise deal with an Irish cash and carry company, AIM,<ref>{{cite web|last=Garvey |first=Anthony |url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/articles.aspx?page=articles&ID=196449 |title=Iceland returns to Ireland with franchise deal |publisher=Thegrocer.co.uk |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> and in November 2009 a second store reopened in [[Finglas]], Dublin. A third opened on the Navan Road in September 2010. A fourth store opened in the [[Ilac Centre]] in Dublin in November 2010. There are now ten Iceland stores in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/ |title=Iceland Foods Ireland :: Store Location |publisher=Iceland.ie |accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref>
[[File:IcelandStoreInterior.jpg|thumb|The interior of an Iceland supermarket in [[Horwich]], [[Bolton]], [[Greater Manchester]] ]]
In January 2009, Iceland announced that it would buy 51 stores in the UK from the failed [[Woolworths Group]] chain, three days after the final 200 Woolworths stores closed their doors for the last time.<ref name="51 stores bought">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7820981.stm |title=Business | Iceland buys 51 Woolworths stores |publisher=BBC News |date=9 January 2009 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> In April 2009, Iceland announced plans to close its appliance showrooms by September 2009 to concentrate on food retailing.<ref>h{{cite web|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/Iceland_Foods_Appliance_Showroom_Closure.pdf |title=Iceland Foods Closes Appliances Showrooms |publisher=About.iceland.co.uk |accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref> Iceland's sales for the year ended 27 March 2009 were £2.08 billion, a 16% increase on the previous year, with net profits of £113.7 million.<ref name="record">{{cite news | url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/iceland-announces-record-sales-figures-2099936 | title=Iceland announces record sales figures | work=[[Wales Online]] | date=13 June 2009 | accessdate=5 July 2016}}</ref> An additional Iceland store opened in Dudley town centre on 2 December 2010 in part of the former [[Beatties]] department store, 21 years after their initial departure from the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2010/08/23/iceland-in-move-to-former-beatties-store/ |title=Iceland in move to former Beatties store « Express & Star |work=Express & Star |date=23 August 2010 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
Iceland also operates stores in Spain and Portugal (countries with substantial British immigrant communities), in conjunction with Spanish-based retailer Overseas. The stores stock Iceland products as well as [[Waitrose]]'s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lawson |first=Alex |url=http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article |title=Iceland forms partnership in Czech Republic | Refrigeration and Air Conditioning |publisher=Racplus.com |date=27 February 2012 |accessdate=3 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001124222/http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article |archivedate=1 October 2015}}</ref> On 28 July 2012 Iceland opened a store in Kópavogur, Iceland.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgunblaðið | url=http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2012/07/03/iceland_opnar_28_juli/ |title=Iceland opens its first store in Iceland (in Icelandic) |publisher=mbl.is |date=3 July 2012 |accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> Today Iceland operates 3 24/7 stores located in Kópavogur and the capital [[Reykjavík]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Iceland |url=http://www.icelandbudir.is/ |title=Iceland's Icelandic website (in Icelandic) |publisher=Ísland-Verslun hf |date=8 December 2014}}</ref> [[Sandpiper CI]] has six Iceland franchise supermarkets in [[Jersey]] and four in [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland |title=Iceland • SandpiperCI |publisher=Sandpiperci.com |accessdate=3 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021215517/http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland |archivedate=21 October 2013}}</ref>
Via franchise agreement with a local food importer and distributor, Iceland operates in Malta. Initially - from 1998 - this was the supply only of Iceland-branded products to supermarkets, but from 2015 the operation opened its first Iceland store in [[Birkirkara]]. Further stores then opened in [[Mosta]] and [[Qawra]] with a 4th store in Marsascala opening in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iceland.com.mt/index.php/about-us/|title=About Us {{!}} Iceland.com.mt|website=www.iceland.com.mt|language=en-US|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref> The Malta offering differs substantially to that in the UK. There is a greater emphasis on non-frozen produce and stores feature fresh fruit and veg and bakery sections. Indeed in the Mosta store, most of the retail space is taken up with non-frozen produce and features manned bakery, butchers, deli and fruit and veg counters, meaning the store is more akin to a conventional supermarket than it is a frozen food store.
In 2013, two labs, one in Ireland and another in Germany, on behalf of the Irish state agency FSAI, identified 0.1% equine DNA in some Iceland products. Malcolm Walker caused controversy when on a BBC ''Panorama'' programme (18 February 2013) he was asked why the products had passed British tests but failed the Irish ones. He replied, "Well, that's the Irish, isn't it?".<ref name="irishtimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |date=15 March 2013 |accessdate=12 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315052910/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html |archivedate=15 March 2013}}</ref>
On 25 November 2013, Iceland acquired seven Irish stores which were previously franchised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.retail-week.com/sectors/food/iceland-acquires-its-seven-franchised-irish-stores/5055247.article |title=Iceland acquires its seven franchised Irish stores|work=Retail Week |date=28 August 2010 |accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> On 27 November, Iceland began selling appliances online again in partnership with [[DRL Limited]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/iceland-appliances-to-sell-fridges-and-freezers-via-the-web/352058.article |title=Iceland launches white goods site in tie-up with AO.com owner DRL|publisher=The Grocer |date=28 August 2010 |accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> In May 2014, Iceland reintroduced online shopping, which was dropped in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iceland to launch click and collect service|url=http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/sectors/retail/iceland-to-launch-click-and-collect-service/4008969.article|publisher=marketing week|accessdate=6 January 2014}}</ref>
In January 2018, Iceland announced that it would end the use of [[plastic]] for all of its own-brand products by the end of 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42692642|title=Iceland supermarket chain aims to be plastic free by 2023|accessdate=16 January 2018|publisher=BBC News|date=16 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Iceland-aims-to-be-plastic-free-across-own-label-range-by-2023-16.1.18.pdf|title=ICELAND AIMS TO BE PLASTIC-FREE ACROSS OWN LABEL RANGE BY 2023 |accessdate=16 January 2018|publisher=Iceland|date=16 January 2018}}</ref>
In April 2018, BBC One's ''Watchdog'' accused Iceland of leaving meat and milk products out of the fridge for over 14 hours. A former Iceland manager informed the BBC that deliveries to Iceland were removed from a lorry and left for several hours instead of being returned to a controlled temperature. An undercover reporter for the programme responsible for unloading a delivery was told not to prioritise the chilled foods, which were then left out for over 14 hours without being refrigerated despite Food Standards Agency requirements that chilled food should never be left unrefrigerated for more than two hours and should never rise above eight degrees.{{cn|date=March 2019}}
==Promotions==
The company has more recently made large scale changes to its promotions. In the past "Buy One Get One Free" and Meal Deals (a selection of products for a set price) were common in stores. These have now been reduced and replaced with products offering bigger packs at the original prices. The pricing system has also been changed with many products having their prices rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 25p, this is known as ''Clear Cut Prices''.
2006 also saw a huge surge in 'Home Delivery' promotion. This service is now one of the main focuses of the company. When a customer spends £20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/terms-and-conditions/|title=www.iceland.co.uk|website=www.iceland.co.uk}}</ref> or more whilst shopping in store, they have the option of free same-day or next-day home delivery, from available time slots. Customers can also shop online and receive free home delivery if they spend more than £35 online.
On 6 October 2008, Iceland launched the "Bonus Card", a [[loyalty card]] and replacement for the original home delivery card. It allows customers to save money onto the card, with Iceland putting £1 onto the card each time a customer saves £20, and also gives occasional discounts, offers, and entry to competitions, including their main competition, which is that each month one Bonus Card holder from every store wins the entire cost of their shop for free.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/about-bonus-card/|title=Discover the Iceland Bonus Card – Bursting with benefits|publisher=|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref>
As of January 2016, Iceland discontinued the selling of saving stamps at their stores, instead redirecting people to save money onto their Bonus Cards instead.
The company has pledged to "[[Plastic pollution|eliminate or drastically reduce]] all [[Plastic container|plastic packaging]] for its store-brand products by 2023."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treehugger.com/environmental-policy/uk-supermarket-promises-go-plastic-free-2023.html|title=UK supermarket promises to go plastic-free by 2023|last=Martinko|first=Katherine|date=January 17, 2018|website=TreeHugger|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date= |access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref>
==Identity and marketing==
[[File:Iceland logo.svg|thumb|left|160px|Iceland logo from 2001 until 2015.]]
Iceland historically advertised with the slogan "Mums Love It", which was changed to "Are we doing a deal or are we doing a deal?" and "Feel the deal" in the early 2000s. From the mid-2000s new ads featuring [[Kerry Katona]] saw a return to a slogan more traditionally associated with Iceland – "So that's why mums go to Iceland!" Katona was dropped as the face of Iceland in 2009, after a tabloid newspaper published pictures allegedly showing her taking [[cocaine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/18/kerry-katona-iceland|title=Kerry Katona dropped by Iceland|author=Stephen Brook|work=the Guardian|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> She was succeeded by [[Coleen Nolan]], [[Ellie Taylor]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/NewFaceWinner.pdf |title=N'Ice Work Ellie |publisher=About.iceland.co.uk |accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Stacey Solomon]] and [[Jason Donovan]], who has also frequently appeared in the company's Christmas advert campaigns. [[Peter Andre]] is the current face of Iceland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a591648/peter-andre-announced-as-new-face-of-supermarket-chain-iceland.html|title=Peter Andre announced as new face of supermarket chain Iceland|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> The current main tagline is the truncated "That's why mums go to Iceland". Store fronts also bear the tagline "food you can trust", and carrier bags in stores bear the tagline "the frozen food experts". Since May 2015, the TV adverts have used the tagline and [[hashtag]] of "Power Of Frozen"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/iceland-debuts-power-of-frozen-television-advertising-campaign/|title=Iceland debuts Power of Frozen television advertising campaign|work=FoodBev|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> and are fronted and voiced over by [[Peter Andre]], explaining the benefits of frozen products.
When the chain bought rival [[Bejam]] in 1989, they launched the TV-advertising campaign "Use Our Imagination," which included a song. The campaign was launched so quickly after the takeover that they had no time to convert all Bejam stores to the "Iceland" fascia. Because of this, the song for the commercial featured the line "We're at Bejam's too..."
In 2013, Iceland stores appeared in a BBC documentary called ''[[Iceland Foods: Life in The Freezer Cabinet]]''.
Iceland was the main sponsor of the [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]] reality TV show ''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)|I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]]'' from its [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 6)|sixth series]] in 2006 until its [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 14)|fourteenth series]] in 2014.
In 2014 they announced a sub brand for their stores, ''Food Warehouse''.<ref name="TheGrocer.co.uk">{{cite web|last1=Halliwell|first1=James|title=Iceland to launch new Food Warehouse discount store|url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/channels/discounters/iceland-to-launch-new-food-warehouse-discount-store/369617.article|website=TheGrocer.co.uk|accessdate=21 February 2017|language=en|date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
In 2018 Iceland announced they would end use of [[palm oil]] in all their own brand products due to concern over [[Social and environmental impact of palm oil|environmental impact of palm oil]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/10/iceland-to-be-first-uk-supermarket-to-cut-palm-oil-from-own-brand-products Iceland to be first UK supermarket to cut palm oil from own-brand products] ''[[The Guardian]]''</ref> It was the first major UK supermarket to ban palm oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43696948|title=Iceland supermarkets to ban palm oil in own-brand products|work=BBC|accessdate=14 January 2019}}</ref>
In November 2018, Iceland submitted a version of an animated short starring a fictional [[orangutan]] named Rang-tan (originally released by [[Greenpeace]]<ref name="GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817">{{cite press release|title=World Orangutan Day: Numbers in decline despite Indonesian government's claims |url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/18064/world-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims/ |accessdate=14 November 2018 |publisher=[[Greenpeace|Greenpeace International]] |date=17 August 2018}}</ref>) to [[Clearcast]], but the [[Clearcast#Rang-tan advert|submission was denied]].<ref name="Clearcast-PR-181109">{{cite press release|title=Iceland advert |url=https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/ |accessdate=14 November 2018 |publisher=Clearcast |date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Iceland originally planned to utilise the short as the television advertisement for Christmas season that year, and it was an extension to the earlier palm oil reduction drive.<ref name="PRWeek-181109">{{cite news |last1=Gwynn |first1=Simon |title=Clearcast halted Iceland's plans to reuse Greenpeace 'Rang-tan' film |url=https://www.prweek.com/article/1498526/clearcast-halted-icelands-plans-reuse-greenpeace-rang-tan-film |accessdate=14 November 2018 |work=[[PRWeek]] |publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group]] |date=November 9, 2018}}</ref>
In January 2020, Iceland stores appeared in a [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] series called Inside Iceland: Britain’s Budget Supermarket.<br />
==Dispute over the trademark "Iceland"==
Iceland Foods Ltd has been accused by the government of [[Iceland]] of engaging in abusive behaviour by trademarking the name of the country, and of "harass[ing] Icelandic companies and even the Icelandic tourism board" by pursuing legal action against Icelandic companies which use the name of their country in their trading names.<ref name="icelandmag.is">{{cite web|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/no-solution-sight-absurd-trademark-dispute-between-iceland-and-uk-supermarket|title=No solution in sight in absurd trademark dispute between Iceland and UK supermarket|publisher=}}</ref> In November 2016, the Icelandic government filed a legal challenge at the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] (EUIPO) to have the company's trademark invalidated "on the basis that the term ‘Iceland’ is exceptionally broad and ambiguous in definition, often rendering the country’s firms unable to describe their products as Icelandic".<ref name="Guardian24112016">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/government-of-iceland-to-challenge-retail-chain-iceland-over-name-use|title=Iceland government challenges retail chain Iceland over name use|last=Butler|first=Sarah|work=The Guardian|date=24 November 2016|accessdate=24 November 2016}}</ref> The ''Iceland Magazine'' noted that:
:Iceland Foods was founded in 1970, but only acquired the Europe wide trademark registration of "Iceland" in 2005. According to the Sagas Iceland, the nation, was established in 874. It is an insult to common sense to maintain that the supermarket chain has a stronger claim to the trademark than the country.<ref name="icelandmag.is"/>
In April 2019, The EUIPO invalidated the Iceland trademark. <ref name="ABC">{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-13/iceland-country-secures-trademark-win-over-supermarket-chain/10999984|title=Iceland wins EU trademark battle against United Kingdom-based supermarket chain|accessdate=9 November 2019}}</ref>
==Store locations==
[[File:Iceland, Pontefract (25th April 2019).jpg|thumb|right|A branch of Iceland in [[Pontefract]], [[West Yorkshire]].]]
[[File:Iceland In Spain.jpg|thumb|right|An Iceland store in [[Torrevieja]], [[Spain]].]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Number of stores
|-
| United Kingdom
| 960+
|-
| Ireland
| 27<ref>{{cite web |title=Iceland IE store finder |url=https://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/ |accessdate=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Spain
| 15<ref>{{cite web |title=Iceland International |url=https://www.icelandinternational.com/franchises/spain/ |accessdate=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Czech Republic
| 11<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.cz/kontakt/prodejny/ |title=Iceland Czech a.s. |publisher=Iceland Czech a.s. |accessdate=16 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Iceland
| 7<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Iceland (Iceland) Website|url=http://icelandbudir.is/|accessdate=4 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Norway
| 5<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.icelandmat.no/butikker|title=Our stores (Norwegian) {{!}}Own page |date=7 September 2019 |accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Jersey
| 5<ref name="sandpiperci.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.sandpiperci.com/store-finder/iceland |title=Iceland – Sandpiper CI |publisher=Sandpiper CI |accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Malta
| 4<ref>{{cite news|last=Bonello|first=Claire|title=Supermarkets 'r' us?|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933|date=13 April 2008|work=[[Times of Malta]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527144417/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933|archive-date=27 May 2011|oclc=220797156}}</ref>
|-
| Guernsey
| 4<ref name="sandpiperci.com" />
|-
| Portugal
| 4
|-
|}
<br/><br/><br/>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Iceland (supermarket)}}
* [http://www.iceland.co.uk/ Iceland (UK)]
* [http://www.iceland.ie/ Iceland (Ireland)]
{{Iceland Foods Ltd}}
{{UK supermarkets}}
{{Supermarkets in Ireland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iceland (Supermarket)}}
[[Category:British companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Retail companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of Spain]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of Portugal]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Supermarkets of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Welsh brands]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Wales]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -5,18 +5,17 @@
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox company
-| name = Iceland Foods Ltd
-| logo = Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg
-| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
-| foundation = {{Start date and age|1970|df=yes}}
+| name = Iceland Foods Ltd
+| logo = Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg
+| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
+| foundation = {{Start date and age|1970|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Sir Malcolm Walker]]
-| industry = [[Retail]]ing
-| location = [[Deeside]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]]
-| num_locations = 1000+
+| industry = [[Retail]]ing
+| location = [[Deeside]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]]
+| num_locations = 1000+
| num_locations_year = 2020
-| key_people = {{ubl|[[Sir Malcolm Walker]]|([[Executive Chairman]])|Tarsem Dhaliwal|([[Chief executive officer]])|Richard Walker|([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])|
-Nigel Broadhurst|([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])}}
-| products = [[Frozen foods]]<br>[[Grocery|Groceries]]
-| profit = £157 million (2019)
-| num_employees = 23,000+
+| key_people = <nowiki>{{ubl|</nowiki>[[Sir Malcolm Walker]]{{!}}([[Executive Chairman]]){{!}}Tarsem Dhaliwal{{!}}([[Chief executive officer]]){{!}}Richard Walker{{!}}([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])
+| products = [[Frozen foods]]<br>[[Grocery|Groceries]]
+| profit = £157 million (2019)
+| num_employees = 23,000+
| num_employees_year = 2019
}}
' |
New page size (new_size) | 30185 |
Old page size (old_size) | 30326 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -141 |
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0 => '| name = Iceland Foods Ltd',
1 => '| logo = Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg',
2 => '| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]',
3 => '| foundation = {{Start date and age|1970|df=yes}}',
4 => '| industry = [[Retail]]ing',
5 => '| location = [[Deeside]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]]',
6 => '| num_locations = 1000+',
7 => '| key_people = <nowiki>{{ubl|</nowiki>[[Sir Malcolm Walker]]{{!}}([[Executive Chairman]]){{!}}Tarsem Dhaliwal{{!}}([[Chief executive officer]]){{!}}Richard Walker{{!}}([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])',
8 => '| products = [[Frozen foods]]<br>[[Grocery|Groceries]]',
9 => '| profit = £157 million (2019)',
10 => '| num_employees = 23,000+'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| name = Iceland Foods Ltd',
1 => '| logo = Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg',
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4 => '| industry = [[Retail]]ing',
5 => '| location = [[Deeside]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]]',
6 => '| num_locations = 1000+',
7 => '| key_people = {{ubl|[[Sir Malcolm Walker]]|([[Executive Chairman]])|Tarsem Dhaliwal|([[Chief executive officer]])|Richard Walker|([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])|',
8 => 'Nigel Broadhurst|([[Managing Director|Joint Managing Director]])}}',
9 => '| products = [[Frozen foods]]<br>[[Grocery|Groceries]]',
10 => '| profit = £157 million (2019)',
11 => '| num_employees = 23,000+'
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
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2 => 'http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/',
3 => 'http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/83/Iceland-Group-plc.html',
4 => 'http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-big-food-group-plc-history/',
5 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/efinance/article/0,2763,184599,00.html',
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7 => 'http://www.ucs.ac.uk/Alumni/Graduation-Gallery/HonoraryGraduates/SirStuartRose.aspx',
8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110101114137/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html',
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10 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4480049/Walker-quits-after-Iceland-sales-dive.html',
11 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2730881/I-acted-properly-says-Icelands-Malcolm-Walker.html',
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13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071214204438/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story',
14 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story',
15 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/londis-shareholders-wooed-with-letters-from-iceland-74723.html',
16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090223100323/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan',
17 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan',
18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131031204124/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html',
19 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html',
20 => 'http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/articles.aspx?page=articles&ID=196449',
21 => 'http://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/',
22 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7820981.stm',
23 => 'http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/Iceland_Foods_Appliance_Showroom_Closure.pdf',
24 => 'http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/iceland-announces-record-sales-figures-2099936',
25 => 'https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2010/08/23/iceland-in-move-to-former-beatties-store/',
26 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151001124222/http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article',
27 => 'http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article',
28 => 'http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2012/07/03/iceland_opnar_28_juli/',
29 => 'http://www.icelandbudir.is/',
30 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131021215517/http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland',
31 => 'http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland',
32 => 'https://www.iceland.com.mt/index.php/about-us/',
33 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20130315052910/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html',
34 => 'http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html',
35 => 'http://www.retail-week.com/sectors/food/iceland-acquires-its-seven-franchised-irish-stores/5055247.article',
36 => 'http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/iceland-appliances-to-sell-fridges-and-freezers-via-the-web/352058.article',
37 => 'http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/sectors/retail/iceland-to-launch-click-and-collect-service/4008969.article',
38 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42692642',
39 => 'http://about.iceland.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Iceland-aims-to-be-plastic-free-across-own-label-range-by-2023-16.1.18.pdf',
40 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/terms-and-conditions/',
41 => 'https://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/about-bonus-card/',
42 => 'https://www.treehugger.com/environmental-policy/uk-supermarket-promises-go-plastic-free-2023.html',
43 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/18/kerry-katona-iceland',
44 => 'http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/NewFaceWinner.pdf',
45 => 'http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a591648/peter-andre-announced-as-new-face-of-supermarket-chain-iceland.html',
46 => 'http://www.foodbev.com/news/iceland-debuts-power-of-frozen-television-advertising-campaign/',
47 => 'http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/channels/discounters/iceland-to-launch-new-food-warehouse-discount-store/369617.article',
48 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/10/iceland-to-be-first-uk-supermarket-to-cut-palm-oil-from-own-brand-products',
49 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43696948',
50 => 'https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/18064/world-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims/',
51 => 'https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/',
52 => 'https://www.prweek.com/article/1498526/clearcast-halted-icelands-plans-reuse-greenpeace-rang-tan-film',
53 => 'https://icelandmag.is/article/no-solution-sight-absurd-trademark-dispute-between-iceland-and-uk-supermarket',
54 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/government-of-iceland-to-challenge-retail-chain-iceland-over-name-use',
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57 => 'https://www.icelandinternational.com/franchises/spain/',
58 => 'http://www.iceland.cz/kontakt/prodejny/',
59 => 'http://icelandbudir.is/',
60 => 'https://www.icelandmat.no/butikker',
61 => 'http://www.sandpiperci.com/store-finder/iceland',
62 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110527144417/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933',
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72 => 'https://www.iceland.co.uk/',
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13 => 'http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/Iceland_Foods_Appliance_Showroom_Closure.pdf',
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19 => 'http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a591648/peter-andre-announced-as-new-face-of-supermarket-chain-iceland.html',
20 => 'http://www.foodbev.com/news/iceland-debuts-power-of-frozen-television-advertising-campaign/',
21 => 'http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-big-food-group-plc-history/',
22 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/',
23 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/terms-and-conditions/',
24 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story',
25 => 'http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan',
26 => 'http://www.iceland.cz/kontakt/prodejny/',
27 => 'http://www.iceland.ie/',
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29 => 'http://www.icelandbudir.is/',
30 => 'http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2013/0219/breaking20.html',
31 => 'http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/sectors/retail/iceland-to-launch-click-and-collect-service/4008969.article',
32 => 'http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2012/07/03/iceland_opnar_28_juli/',
33 => 'http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article',
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36 => 'http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland',
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38 => 'http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/articles.aspx?page=articles&ID=196449',
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47 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071214204438/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story',
48 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090223100323/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan',
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52 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131021215517/http://www.sandpiperci.com/franchises/iceland',
53 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131031204124/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html',
54 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141222171903/http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/',
55 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151001124222/http://www.racplus.com/news/iceland-forms-partnership-in-czech-republic/8626978.article',
56 => 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-13/iceland-country-secures-trademark-win-over-supermarket-chain/10999984',
57 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42692642',
58 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43696948',
59 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html',
60 => 'https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/',
61 => 'https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2010/08/23/iceland-in-move-to-former-beatties-store/',
62 => 'https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/18064/world-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims/',
63 => 'https://www.iceland.co.uk/',
64 => 'https://www.iceland.co.uk/bonus-card/about-bonus-card/',
65 => 'https://www.iceland.com.mt/index.php/about-us/',
66 => 'https://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/',
67 => 'https://www.icelandinternational.com/franchises/spain/',
68 => 'https://www.icelandmat.no/butikker',
69 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/londis-shareholders-wooed-with-letters-from-iceland-74723.html',
70 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html',
71 => 'https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Iceland%22+supermarket&acc=on&wc=on',
72 => 'https://www.prweek.com/article/1498526/clearcast-halted-icelands-plans-reuse-greenpeace-rang-tan-film',
73 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2730881/I-acted-properly-says-Icelands-Malcolm-Walker.html',
74 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4480049/Walker-quits-after-Iceland-sales-dive.html',
75 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/efinance/article/0,2763,184599,00.html',
76 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/10/iceland-to-be-first-uk-supermarket-to-cut-palm-oil-from-own-brand-products',
77 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/18/kerry-katona-iceland',
78 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/government-of-iceland-to-challenge-retail-chain-iceland-over-name-use',
79 => 'https://www.treehugger.com/environmental-policy/uk-supermarket-promises-go-plastic-free-2023.html',
80 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721810?uselang=en#P856'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British supermarket chain</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the supermarket chain. For supermarkets in Iceland, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Iceland" title="List of supermarket chains in Iceland">List of supermarket chains in Iceland</a>.</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Iceland Foods" redirects here. For foods of Iceland, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic cuisine</a>.</div>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Iceland_(supermarket)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Iceland%22+supermarket">"Iceland" supermarket</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Iceland%22+supermarket+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22Iceland%22+supermarket+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Iceland%22+supermarket+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Iceland%22+supermarket">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Iceland%22+supermarket&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><caption class="fn org">Iceland Foods Ltd</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="logo" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_(supermarket)_logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Iceland (supermarket) logo.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Iceland_%28supermarket%29_logo.svg/220px-Iceland_%28supermarket%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Iceland_%28supermarket%29_logo.svg/330px-Iceland_%28supermarket%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Iceland_%28supermarket%29_logo.svg/440px-Iceland_%28supermarket%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="48" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_legal_entity_types_by_country" title="List of legal entity types by country">Type</a></div></th><td class="category" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Industry</th><td class="category" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retailing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founded</th><td style="line-height: 1.35em;">1970<span class="noprint">; 50 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1970</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founder</th><td class="agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sir_Malcolm_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Malcolm Walker">Sir Malcolm Walker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Headquarters</th><td class="label" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deeside" title="Deeside">Deeside</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Number of locations</div></th><td style="line-height: 1.35em;">1000+ (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Key people</div></th><td class="agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;">{{ubl|<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sir_Malcolm_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Malcolm Walker">Sir Malcolm Walker</a>|(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Chairman">Executive Chairman</a>)|Tarsem Dhaliwal|(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief executive officer</a>)|Richard Walker|(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Managing_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing Director">Joint Managing Director</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Products</th><td style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frozen_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Frozen foods">Frozen foods</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grocery" class="mw-redirect" title="Grocery">Groceries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td style="line-height: 1.35em;">£157 million (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Number of employees</div></th><td style="line-height: 1.35em;">23,000+ (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Website</th><td style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iceland.co.uk/">www<wbr />.iceland<wbr />.co<wbr />.uk/</a></span> <span class="penicon"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721810?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Iceland Foods Ltd</b> (trading as <b>Iceland</b>) is a British <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> chain headquartered in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deeside" title="Deeside">Deeside</a>, Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> It has an emphasis on the sale of frozen foods, including prepared meals and vegetables. They also sell non-frozen grocery items such as produce, meat, dairy, and dry goods. The company has an approximate 2.2% share of the UK food market.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Promotions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Promotions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Identity_and_marketing"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Identity and marketing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Dispute_over_the_trademark_"Iceland""><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Dispute over the trademark "Iceland"</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Store_locations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Store locations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<p>Iceland began business in 1970, when <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malcolm_Walker_(businessman)" title="Malcolm Walker (businessman)"> Malcolm Walker</a> opened the first store in Leg Street, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oswestry" title="Oswestry">Oswestry</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, England, with his business partner Peter Hinchcliffe. Together, they invested £60 for one month's rent at the store.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The name 'Iceland' was suggested by Walker's wife Rhianydd (Ranny).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> They were still employees of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woolworths_Group_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolworths Group plc">Woolworths</a> at the time, and their employment was terminated once their employer discovered their job on the side. Iceland initially specialised in loose frozen food.<sup id="cite_ref-referenceforbusiness.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-referenceforbusiness.com-4">[4]</a></sup> By 1977, they'd opened a new store in Manchester selling own-labelled packaged food, and by 1978 it had 28 stores to its name.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse.com-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Icelandclapham.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Icelandclapham.jpg/220px-Icelandclapham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1181" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Icelandclapham.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A newer style Iceland store in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_Horwich_Refurbishment.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Iceland_Horwich_Refurbishment.png/220px-Iceland_Horwich_Refurbishment.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="393" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="960" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_Horwich_Refurbishment.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Iceland <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horwich" title="Horwich">Horwich</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, before and after a refurbishment in 2019.</div></div></div>
<p>In 1983, the business grew by purchasing the 18 stores of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>-based St. Catherine's Freezer Centres, and in 1984 the business went public for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse.com-5">[5]</a></sup> The cash investment was used to purchase South East-based Orchard Frozen Foods in 1986, and the purchase of larger rival <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bejam" title="Bejam">Bejam</a> in 1988. In 1993, Iceland took over the food halls of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Littlewoods" title="Littlewoods">Littlewoods</a> department store and also acquired the French Au Gel chain. The latter move proved unsuccessful and the stores were dropped within a year.<sup id="cite_ref-referenceforbusiness.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-referenceforbusiness.com-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1996, eight stores were opened in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, seven in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and one in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Letterkenny" title="Letterkenny">Letterkenny</a>. They all closed down in 2005 owing to financial difficulties. The supermarket also attempted ties with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Home_Stores" title="British Home Stores">British Home Stores</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> In May 2000, Iceland merged with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booker-McConnell" class="mw-redirect" title="Booker-McConnell">Booker plc</a> with Booker's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stuart_Rose" title="Stuart Rose">Stuart Rose</a> taking the role of CEO of the merged company.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> He left for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arcadia_Group" title="Arcadia Group">Arcadia Group</a> in November 2000<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> and was replaced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Grimsey" title="Bill Grimsey">Bill Grimsey</a> in January 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-IND-2001-01-23_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IND-2001-01-23-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_supermarket_front.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Iceland_supermarket_front.jpg/220px-Iceland_supermarket_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="375" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_supermarket_front.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Iceland store on Camberwell Road, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_London" title="South London">south London</a>.</div></div></div><p> Soon after Grimsey's appointment, Malcolm Walker, Iceland's founder and chairman, was forced to stand down, as it was revealed that he had sold £13.5 million of Iceland shares just five weeks before the company released the first of several profits warnings.<sup id="cite_ref-Tel-2001-04-11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tel-2001-04-11-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tel-2001-08-21_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tel-2001-08-21-11">[11]</a></sup> Walker was fully cleared of these allegations in October 2004<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="This statement is inconsistent with other parts of the article. (March 2020)">inconsistent</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-MoS-2004-10-17_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoS-2004-10-17-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>Iceland's holding company was renamed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Big_Food_Group" title="The Big Food Group">the Big Food Group</a> in February 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-AboutIceland_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutIceland-13">[13]</a></sup> and attempted a refocus on the convenience sector with a bid for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Londis_(United_Kingdom)" title="Londis (United Kingdom)">Londis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Londis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Londis-14">[14]</a></sup> Grimsey remained until the takeover and demerger of the Big Food Group by a consortium led by the Icelandic company, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baugur_Group" title="Baugur Group">Baugur Group</a>, in February 2005.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Walker returned to his previous role at Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutIceland_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutIceland-13">[13]</a></sup> Iceland's website has a page critical of Grimsey's period in control.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>After Baugur Group collapsed in 2009, a 77% stake in Iceland came into the ownership of the Icelandic banks <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landsbanki" title="Landsbanki">Landsbanki</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glitnir_(bank)" title="Glitnir (bank)">Glitnir</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2012 the stake was purchased by a consortium including Malcolm Walker and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graham_Kirkham" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Kirkham">Graham Kirkham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since Malcolm Walker's return to the company, Iceland has reduced the workforce by 500 jobs at the Deeside head office, with approximately 300 jobs moved in September as a result of a relocation of a distribution warehouse from Deeside to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During July 2006, 300 workers took industrial action with the support of their union, blocking several lorries from entering the depot. Despite this, the transfer to Warrington took place and the new warehouse was later outsourced to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHL_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="DHL Express">DHL</a> in April 2007.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In November 2008, Iceland re-entered the Irish market, when it reopened a store in Ballyfermot in Dublin, after Iceland agreed a franchise deal with an Irish cash and carry company, AIM,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> and in November 2009 a second store reopened in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finglas" title="Finglas">Finglas</a>, Dublin. A third opened on the Navan Road in September 2010. A fourth store opened in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ilac_Centre" title="Ilac Centre">Ilac Centre</a> in Dublin in November 2010. There are now ten Iceland stores in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:IcelandStoreInterior.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/IcelandStoreInterior.jpg/220px-IcelandStoreInterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:IcelandStoreInterior.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The interior of an Iceland supermarket in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horwich" title="Horwich">Horwich</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></div></div></div>
<p>In January 2009, Iceland announced that it would buy 51 stores in the UK from the failed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woolworths_Group" title="Woolworths Group">Woolworths Group</a> chain, three days after the final 200 Woolworths stores closed their doors for the last time.<sup id="cite_ref-51_stores_bought_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51_stores_bought-19">[19]</a></sup> In April 2009, Iceland announced plans to close its appliance showrooms by September 2009 to concentrate on food retailing.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> Iceland's sales for the year ended 27 March 2009 were £2.08 billion, a 16% increase on the previous year, with net profits of £113.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-record_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-21">[21]</a></sup> An additional Iceland store opened in Dudley town centre on 2 December 2010 in part of the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beatties" title="Beatties">Beatties</a> department store, 21 years after their initial departure from the town.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>Iceland also operates stores in Spain and Portugal (countries with substantial British immigrant communities), in conjunction with Spanish-based retailer Overseas. The stores stock Iceland products as well as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a>'s.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> On 28 July 2012 Iceland opened a store in Kópavogur, Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> Today Iceland operates 3 24/7 stores located in Kópavogur and the capital <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandpiper_CI" title="Sandpiper CI">Sandpiper CI</a> has six Iceland franchise supermarkets in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> and four in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>Via franchise agreement with a local food importer and distributor, Iceland operates in Malta. Initially - from 1998 - this was the supply only of Iceland-branded products to supermarkets, but from 2015 the operation opened its first Iceland store in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birkirkara" title="Birkirkara">Birkirkara</a>. Further stores then opened in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mosta" title="Mosta">Mosta</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qawra" title="Qawra">Qawra</a> with a 4th store in Marsascala opening in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> The Malta offering differs substantially to that in the UK. There is a greater emphasis on non-frozen produce and stores feature fresh fruit and veg and bakery sections. Indeed in the Mosta store, most of the retail space is taken up with non-frozen produce and features manned bakery, butchers, deli and fruit and veg counters, meaning the store is more akin to a conventional supermarket than it is a frozen food store.
</p><p>In 2013, two labs, one in Ireland and another in Germany, on behalf of the Irish state agency FSAI, identified 0.1% equine DNA in some Iceland products. Malcolm Walker caused controversy when on a BBC <i>Panorama</i> programme (18 February 2013) he was asked why the products had passed British tests but failed the Irish ones. He replied, "Well, that's the Irish, isn't it?".<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 25 November 2013, Iceland acquired seven Irish stores which were previously franchised.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> On 27 November, Iceland began selling appliances online again in partnership with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DRL_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="DRL Limited">DRL Limited</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> In May 2014, Iceland reintroduced online shopping, which was dropped in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2018, Iceland announced that it would end the use of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> for all of its own-brand products by the end of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2018, BBC One's <i>Watchdog</i> accused Iceland of leaving meat and milk products out of the fridge for over 14 hours. A former Iceland manager informed the BBC that deliveries to Iceland were removed from a lorry and left for several hours instead of being returned to a controlled temperature. An undercover reporter for the programme responsible for unloading a delivery was told not to prioritise the chilled foods, which were then left out for over 14 hours without being refrigerated despite Food Standards Agency requirements that chilled food should never be left unrefrigerated for more than two hours and should never rise above eight degrees.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Promotions">Promotions</span></h2>
<p>The company has more recently made large scale changes to its promotions. In the past "Buy One Get One Free" and Meal Deals (a selection of products for a set price) were common in stores. These have now been reduced and replaced with products offering bigger packs at the original prices. The pricing system has also been changed with many products having their prices rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 25p, this is known as <i>Clear Cut Prices</i>.
</p><p>2006 also saw a huge surge in 'Home Delivery' promotion. This service is now one of the main focuses of the company. When a customer spends £20<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> or more whilst shopping in store, they have the option of free same-day or next-day home delivery, from available time slots. Customers can also shop online and receive free home delivery if they spend more than £35 online.
</p><p>On 6 October 2008, Iceland launched the "Bonus Card", a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loyalty_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalty card">loyalty card</a> and replacement for the original home delivery card. It allows customers to save money onto the card, with Iceland putting £1 onto the card each time a customer saves £20, and also gives occasional discounts, offers, and entry to competitions, including their main competition, which is that each month one Bonus Card holder from every store wins the entire cost of their shop for free.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of January 2016, Iceland discontinued the selling of saving stamps at their stores, instead redirecting people to save money onto their Bonus Cards instead.
</p><p>The company has pledged to "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">eliminate or drastically reduce</a> all <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plastic_container" title="Plastic container">plastic packaging</a> for its store-brand products by 2023."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Identity_and_marketing">Identity and marketing</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:162px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Iceland_logo.svg/160px-Iceland_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="54" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Iceland_logo.svg/240px-Iceland_logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Iceland_logo.svg/320px-Iceland_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="88" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_logo.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Iceland logo from 2001 until 2015.</div></div></div>
<p>Iceland historically advertised with the slogan "Mums Love It", which was changed to "Are we doing a deal or are we doing a deal?" and "Feel the deal" in the early 2000s. From the mid-2000s new ads featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kerry_Katona" title="Kerry Katona">Kerry Katona</a> saw a return to a slogan more traditionally associated with Iceland – "So that's why mums go to Iceland!" Katona was dropped as the face of Iceland in 2009, after a tabloid newspaper published pictures allegedly showing her taking <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> She was succeeded by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coleen_Nolan" title="Coleen Nolan">Coleen Nolan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ellie_Taylor" title="Ellie Taylor">Ellie Taylor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stacey_Solomon" title="Stacey Solomon">Stacey Solomon</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Donovan" title="Jason Donovan">Jason Donovan</a>, who has also frequently appeared in the company's Christmas advert campaigns. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Andre" title="Peter Andre">Peter Andre</a> is the current face of Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> The current main tagline is the truncated "That's why mums go to Iceland". Store fronts also bear the tagline "food you can trust", and carrier bags in stores bear the tagline "the frozen food experts". Since May 2015, the TV adverts have used the tagline and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> of "Power Of Frozen"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> and are fronted and voiced over by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Andre" title="Peter Andre">Peter Andre</a>, explaining the benefits of frozen products.
</p><p>When the chain bought rival <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bejam" title="Bejam">Bejam</a> in 1989, they launched the TV-advertising campaign "Use Our Imagination," which included a song. The campaign was launched so quickly after the takeover that they had no time to convert all Bejam stores to the "Iceland" fascia. Because of this, the song for the commercial featured the line "We're at Bejam's too..."
</p><p>In 2013, Iceland stores appeared in a BBC documentary called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iceland_Foods:_Life_in_The_Freezer_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Iceland Foods: Life in The Freezer Cabinet">Iceland Foods: Life in The Freezer Cabinet</a></i>.
</p><p>Iceland was the main sponsor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ITV_(TV_channel)" title="ITV (TV channel)">ITV</a> reality TV show <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27m_a_Celebrity...Get_Me_Out_of_Here!_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)">I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!</a></i> from its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27m_a_Celebrity...Get_Me_Out_of_Here!_(UK_series_6)" class="mw-redirect" title="I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 6)">sixth series</a> in 2006 until its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27m_a_Celebrity...Get_Me_Out_of_Here!_(UK_series_14)" class="mw-redirect" title="I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 14)">fourteenth series</a> in 2014.
</p><p>In 2014 they announced a sub brand for their stores, <i>Food Warehouse</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheGrocer.co.uk_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGrocer.co.uk-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2018 Iceland announced they would end use of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> in all their own brand products due to concern over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil" title="Social and environmental impact of palm oil">environmental impact of palm oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> It was the first major UK supermarket to ban palm oil.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>In November 2018, Iceland submitted a version of an animated short starring a fictional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a> named Rang-tan (originally released by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a><sup id="cite_ref-GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817-44">[44]</a></sup>) to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a>, but the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clearcast#Rang-tan_advert" title="Clearcast">submission was denied</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clearcast-PR-181109_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clearcast-PR-181109-45">[45]</a></sup> Iceland originally planned to utilise the short as the television advertisement for Christmas season that year, and it was an extension to the earlier palm oil reduction drive.<sup id="cite_ref-PRWeek-181109_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRWeek-181109-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2020, Iceland stores appeared in a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 5 (UK)">Channel 5</a> series called Inside Iceland: Britain’s Budget Supermarket.<br />
</p>
<h2><span id="Dispute_over_the_trademark_.22Iceland.22"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Dispute_over_the_trademark_"Iceland"">Dispute over the trademark "Iceland"</span></h2>
<p>Iceland Foods Ltd has been accused by the government of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> of engaging in abusive behaviour by trademarking the name of the country, and of "harass[ing] Icelandic companies and even the Icelandic tourism board" by pursuing legal action against Icelandic companies which use the name of their country in their trading names.<sup id="cite_ref-icelandmag.is_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icelandmag.is-47">[47]</a></sup> In November 2016, the Icelandic government filed a legal challenge at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union_Intellectual_Property_Office" title="European Union Intellectual Property Office">European Union Intellectual Property Office</a> (EUIPO) to have the company's trademark invalidated "on the basis that the term ‘Iceland’ is exceptionally broad and ambiguous in definition, often rendering the country’s firms unable to describe their products as Icelandic".<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian24112016_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian24112016-48">[48]</a></sup> The <i>Iceland Magazine</i> noted that:
</p>
<dl><dd>Iceland Foods was founded in 1970, but only acquired the Europe wide trademark registration of "Iceland" in 2005. According to the Sagas Iceland, the nation, was established in 874. It is an insult to common sense to maintain that the supermarket chain has a stronger claim to the trademark than the country.<sup id="cite_ref-icelandmag.is_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icelandmag.is-47">[47]</a></sup></dd></dl>
<p>In April 2019, The EUIPO invalidated the Iceland trademark. <sup id="cite_ref-ABC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Store_locations">Store locations</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland,_Pontefract_(25th_April_2019).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Iceland%2C_Pontefract_%2825th_April_2019%29.jpg/220px-Iceland%2C_Pontefract_%2825th_April_2019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland,_Pontefract_(25th_April_2019).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A branch of Iceland in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontefract" title="Pontefract">Pontefract</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_In_Spain.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Iceland_In_Spain.jpg/220px-Iceland_In_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1093" data-file-height="792" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Iceland_In_Spain.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An Iceland store in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torrevieja" title="Torrevieja">Torrevieja</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</div></div></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Country
</th>
<th>Number of stores
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>United Kingdom
</td>
<td>960+
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Ireland
</td>
<td>27<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Spain
</td>
<td>15<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Czech Republic
</td>
<td>11<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Iceland
</td>
<td>7<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Norway
</td>
<td>5<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Jersey
</td>
<td>5<sup id="cite_ref-sandpiperci.com_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandpiperci.com-55">[55]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Malta
</td>
<td>4<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Guernsey
</td>
<td>4<sup id="cite_ref-sandpiperci.com_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandpiperci.com-55">[55]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Portugal
</td>
<td>4
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><br /><br /><br />
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.iceland.co.uk/contact-us/">"Contact Us – About Iceland"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contact+Us+%E2%80%93+About+Iceland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.iceland.co.uk%2Fcontact-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222171903/http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/">"The Iceland Story"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about.iceland.co.uk/about-iceland/the-iceland-story/">the original</a> on 22 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Iceland+Story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout.iceland.co.uk%2Fabout-iceland%2Fthe-iceland-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm Walker autobiography Best Served Cold, 2013</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-referenceforbusiness.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-referenceforbusiness.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-referenceforbusiness.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/83/Iceland-Group-plc.html">"Iceland Group plc – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Iceland Group plc"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+Group+plc+%E2%80%93+Company+Profile%2C+Information%2C+Business+Description%2C+History%2C+Background+Information+on+Iceland+Group+plc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.referenceforbusiness.com%2Fhistory2%2F83%2FIceland-Group-plc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-fundinguniverse.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fundinguniverse.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-big-food-group-plc-history/">"History of the big Food Group – Funding Universe"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+big+Food+Group+%E2%80%93+Funding+Universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2Fthe-big-food-group-plc-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Finch2000" class="citation web cs1">Julia Finch (22 March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/efinance/article/0,2763,184599,00.html">"Iceland seeks cooler image with online rebranding | Business"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iceland+seeks+cooler+image+with+online+rebranding+%26%23124%3B+Business&rft.date=2000-03-22&rft.au=Julia+Finch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fefinance%2Farticle%2F0%2C2763%2C184599%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8366635.stm">"BBC News : Sir Stuart Rose's legacy at M&S"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%3A+Sir+Stuart+Rose%27s+legacy+at+M%26S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8366635.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucs.ac.uk/Alumni/Graduation-Gallery/HonoraryGraduates/SirStuartRose.aspx">"Sir Stuart Rose"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Stuart+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucs.ac.uk%2FAlumni%2FGraduation-Gallery%2FHonoraryGraduates%2FSirStuartRose.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-IND-2001-01-23-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IND-2001-01-23_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101114137/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html">"Iceland pays the price of Rose's organic neglect - Business Comment, Business - The Independent"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/iceland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html">the original</a> on 1 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+pays+the+price+of+Rose%27s+organic+neglect+-+Business+Comment%2C+Business+-+The+Independent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fcomment%2Ficeland-pays-the-price-of-roses-organic-neglect-703404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Tel-2001-04-11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tel-2001-04-11_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFinance2001" class="citation news cs1">Finance (31 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4480049/Walker-quits-after-Iceland-sales-dive.html">"Walker quits after Iceland sales dive"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Walker+quits+after+Iceland+sales+dive&rft.date=2001-01-31&rft.au=Finance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2F4480049%2FWalker-quits-after-Iceland-sales-dive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Tel-2001-08-21-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tel-2001-08-21_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFinance2001" class="citation news cs1">Finance (20 August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2730881/I-acted-properly-says-Icelands-Malcolm-Walker.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>I acted properly' says Iceland's Malcolm Walker"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27I+acted+properly%27+says+Iceland%27s+Malcolm+Walker&rft.date=2001-08-20&rft.au=Finance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2F2730881%2FI-acted-properly-says-Icelands-Malcolm-Walker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MoS-2004-10-17-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoS-2004-10-17_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Oxlade2010" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Oxlade (23 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=394530&in_page_id=2&in_a_source=">"Markets price in better chance of 2010 interest rate rise"</a>. This is Money<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Markets+price+in+better+chance+of+2010+interest+rate+rise&rft.pub=This+is+Money&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft.au=Andrew+Oxlade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisismoney.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle.html%3Fin_article_id%3D394530%26in_page_id%3D2%26in_a_source%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-AboutIceland-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AboutIceland_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutIceland_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214204438/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story">"The Iceland story"</a>. 14 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/about_iceland_story">the original</a> on 14 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Iceland+story&rft.date=2007-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceland.co.uk%2Fpage%2Fview%2Fabout_iceland_story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Londis-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Londis_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend,_Abigail2004" class="citation news cs1">Townsend, Abigail (4 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/londis-shareholders-wooed-with-letters-from-iceland-74723.html">"Londis shareholders wooed with letters from Iceland"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Londis+shareholders+wooed+with+letters+from+Iceland&rft.date=2004-01-04&rft.au=Townsend%2C+Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Flondis-shareholders-wooed-with-letters-from-iceland-74723.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223100323/http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan">"Welcome to Iceland Foods"</a>. Iceland.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.co.uk/page/view/recovery_plan">the original</a> on 23 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Iceland+Foods&rft.pub=Iceland.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceland.co.uk%2Fpage%2Fview%2Frecovery_plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031204124/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html">"Iceland Foods CEO Walker Purchases U.K. Frozen Food Chain for $2.3 Billion"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-09/iceland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html">the original</a> on 31 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Iceland+Foods+CEO+Walker+Purchases+U.K.+Frozen+Food+Chain+for+%242.3+Billion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-03-09%2Ficeland-foods-ceo-walker-acquires-u-k-supermarket-chain-for-2-3-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarvey" class="citation web cs1">Garvey, Anthony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/articles.aspx?page=articles&ID=196449">"Iceland returns to Ireland with franchise deal"</a>. Thegrocer.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+returns+to+Ireland+with+franchise+deal&rft.pub=Thegrocer.co.uk&rft.aulast=Garvey&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegrocer.co.uk%2Farticles.aspx%3Fpage%3Darticles%26ID%3D196449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/">"Iceland Foods Ireland :: Store Location"</a>. Iceland.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+Foods+Ireland+%3A%3A+Store+Location&rft.pub=Iceland.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceland.ie%2Fstorefinder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51_stores_bought-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51_stores_bought_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7820981.stm">"Business | Iceland buys 51 Woolworths stores"</a>. BBC News. 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Business+%26%23124%3B+Iceland+buys+51+Woolworths+stores&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F7820981.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">h<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about.iceland.co.uk/_assets/files/Iceland_Foods_Appliance_Showroom_Closure.pdf">"Iceland Foods Closes Appliances Showrooms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. About.iceland.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+Foods+Closes+Appliances+Showrooms&rft.pub=About.iceland.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout.iceland.co.uk%2F_assets%2Ffiles%2FIceland_Foods_Appliance_Showroom_Closure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-record-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-record_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/iceland-announces-record-sales-figures-2099936">"Iceland announces record sales figures"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wales_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales Online">Wales Online</a></i>. 13 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wales+Online&rft.atitle=Iceland+announces+record+sales+figures&rft.date=2009-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2Ficeland-announces-record-sales-figures-2099936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TheGrocer.co.uk-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheGrocer.co.uk_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHalliwell2014" class="citation web cs1">Halliwell, James (18 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/channels/discounters/iceland-to-launch-new-food-warehouse-discount-store/369617.article">"Iceland to launch new Food Warehouse discount store"</a>. <i>TheGrocer.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGrocer.co.uk&rft.atitle=Iceland+to+launch+new+Food+Warehouse+discount+store&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=Halliwell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegrocer.co.uk%2Fchannels%2Fdiscounters%2Ficeland-to-launch-new-food-warehouse-discount-store%2F369617.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/10/iceland-to-be-first-uk-supermarket-to-cut-palm-oil-from-own-brand-products">Iceland to be first UK supermarket to cut palm oil from own-brand products</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43696948">"Iceland supermarkets to ban palm oil in own-brand products"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Iceland+supermarkets+to+ban+palm+oil+in+own-brand+products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-43696948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/18064/world-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims/">"World Orangutan Day: Numbers in decline despite Indonesian government's claims"</a> (Press release). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace International</a>. 17 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Orangutan+Day%3A+Numbers+in+decline+despite+Indonesian+government%27s+claims&rft.pub=Greenpeace+International&rft.date=2018-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fpress-release%2F18064%2Fworld-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Clearcast-PR-181109-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clearcast-PR-181109_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/">"Iceland advert"</a> (Press release). Clearcast. 9 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+advert&rft.pub=Clearcast&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clearcast.co.uk%2Fpress%2Ficeland-advert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PRWeek-181109-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PRWeek-181109_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGwynn2018" class="citation news cs1">Gwynn, Simon (9 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prweek.com/article/1498526/clearcast-halted-icelands-plans-reuse-greenpeace-rang-tan-film">"Clearcast halted Iceland's plans to reuse Greenpeace 'Rang-tan' film"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PRWeek" title="PRWeek">PRWeek</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PRWeek&rft.atitle=Clearcast+halted+Iceland%27s+plans+to+reuse+Greenpeace+%27Rang-tan%27+film&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Gwynn&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prweek.com%2Farticle%2F1498526%2Fclearcast-halted-icelands-plans-reuse-greenpeace-rang-tan-film&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-icelandmag.is-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icelandmag.is_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icelandmag.is_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icelandmag.is/article/no-solution-sight-absurd-trademark-dispute-between-iceland-and-uk-supermarket">"No solution in sight in absurd trademark dispute between Iceland and UK supermarket"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+solution+in+sight+in+absurd+trademark+dispute+between+Iceland+and+UK+supermarket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficelandmag.is%2Farticle%2Fno-solution-sight-absurd-trademark-dispute-between-iceland-and-uk-supermarket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Guardian24112016-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian24112016_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFButler2016" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Sarah (24 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/government-of-iceland-to-challenge-retail-chain-iceland-over-name-use">"Iceland government challenges retail chain Iceland over name use"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iceland+government+challenges+retail+chain+Iceland+over+name+use&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fnov%2F24%2Fgovernment-of-iceland-to-challenge-retail-chain-iceland-over-name-use&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ABC-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-13/iceland-country-secures-trademark-win-over-supermarket-chain/10999984">"Iceland wins EU trademark battle against United Kingdom-based supermarket chain"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iceland+wins+EU+trademark+battle+against+United+Kingdom-based+supermarket+chain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-04-13%2Ficeland-country-secures-trademark-win-over-supermarket-chain%2F10999984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iceland.ie/storefinder/">"Iceland IE store finder"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+IE+store+finder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceland.ie%2Fstorefinder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icelandinternational.com/franchises/spain/">"Iceland International"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icelandinternational.com%2Ffranchises%2Fspain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.cz/kontakt/prodejny/">"Iceland Czech a.s."</a> Iceland Czech a.s<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+Czech+a.s.&rft.pub=Iceland+Czech+a.s.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceland.cz%2Fkontakt%2Fprodejny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icelandbudir.is/">"Official Iceland (Iceland) Website"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Iceland+%28Iceland%29+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficelandbudir.is%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icelandmat.no/butikker">"Our stores (Norwegian) |Own page"</a>. 7 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Our+stores+%28Norwegian%29+%7COwn+page&rft.date=2019-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icelandmat.no%2Fbutikker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sandpiperci.com-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sandpiperci.com_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sandpiperci.com_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandpiperci.com/store-finder/iceland">"Iceland – Sandpiper CI"</a>. Sandpiper CI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+%E2%80%93+Sandpiper+CI&rft.pub=Sandpiper+CI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandpiperci.com%2Fstore-finder%2Ficeland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBonello2008" class="citation news cs1">Bonello, Claire (13 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527144417/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933">"Supermarkets 'r' us?"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Times_of_Malta" title="Times of Malta">Times of Malta</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/220797156">220797156</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080413/opinion/supermarkets-r-us.203933">the original</a> on 27 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Supermarkets+%27r%27+us%3F&rft.date=2008-04-13&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220797156&rft.aulast=Bonello&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F20080413%2Fopinion%2Fsupermarkets-r-us.203933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceland+%28supermarket%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iceland_(supermarket)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iceland (supermarket)"><span style="">Iceland (supermarket)</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.co.uk/">Iceland (UK)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.ie/">Iceland (Ireland)</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iceland_(supermarket)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Iceland_Foods" title="Template:Iceland Foods"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Iceland_Foods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Iceland Foods (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Iceland_Foods&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iceland_(supermarket)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iceland (supermarket)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bejam" title="Bejam">Bejam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_meat_adulteration_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 meat adulteration scandal">2013 meat adulteration scandal</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iceland_Foods:_Life_in_the_Freezer_Cabinet" title="Iceland Foods: Life in the Freezer Cabinet">Iceland Foods: Life in the Freezer Cabinet</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Big_Food_Group" title="The Big Food Group">The Big Food Group</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supermarkets_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Supermarkets_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Supermarkets in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Supermarkets_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Supermarkets in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Supermarkets_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supermarkets_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom">Supermarkets in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">'Big four'</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convenience</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bargain_Booze" title="Bargain Booze">Bargain Booze</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Best-one" title="Best-one">Best-one</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Budgens" title="Budgens">Budgens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Co-op_Food" title="Co-op Food">Co-op Food</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Costcutter" title="Costcutter">Costcutter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Happy_Shopper" title="Happy Shopper">Happy Shopper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L%26F_Jones" title="L&F Jones">Jones Convenience Stores</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Londis_(United_Kingdom)" title="Londis (United Kingdom)">Londis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mace_(shop)" title="Mace (shop)">Mace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RS_McColl" title="RS McColl">McColl's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nisa_(retailer)" title="Nisa (retailer)">Nisa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tesco#One_Stop" title="Tesco">One Stop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Premier_Stores" title="Premier Stores">Premier Stores</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spar_(retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (retailer)">Spar</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discount</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B_%26_M" class="mw-redirect" title="B & M">B & M</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Home_Bargains" title="Home Bargains">Home Bargains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack%27s_(store)" title="Jack's (store)">Jack's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kwik_Save" title="Kwik Save">Kwik Save</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lidl" title="Lidl">Lidl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poundland" title="Poundland">Poundland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poundstretcher" title="Poundstretcher">Poundstretcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quality_Save" title="Quality Save">Quality Save</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frozen specialists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farmfoods" title="Farmfoods">Farmfoods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heron_Foods" title="Heron Foods">Heron Foods</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fulton%27s_Foods" title="Fulton's Foods">Fulton's Foods</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ocado" title="Ocado">Ocado</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premium</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waitrose_%26_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitrose & Partners">Waitrose & Partners</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booths" title="Booths">Booths</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filco_Foods" title="Filco Foods">Filco</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Planet_Organic" title="Planet Organic">Planet Organic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shoprite_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Shoprite (Isle of Man)">Shoprite</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SuperValu_(Ireland)" title="SuperValu (Ireland)">SuperValu</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Supermarkets_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Supermarkets of the United Kingdom">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="Portal" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Supermarkets" title="Portal:Supermarkets">Supermarkets</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supermarkets_in_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Supermarkets_in_Ireland" title="Template:Supermarkets in Ireland"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Supermarkets_in_Ireland" title="Template talk:Supermarkets in Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Supermarkets_in_Ireland&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supermarkets_in_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Ireland" title="List of supermarket chains in Ireland">Supermarkets in Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/32px-ShoppingCart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/48px-ShoppingCart.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/64px-ShoppingCart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="185" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Supermarkets" title="Portal:Supermarkets">Supermarkets portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dunnes_Stores" title="Dunnes Stores">Dunnes Stores</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spar_(retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (retailer)">EuroSpar</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lidl" title="Lidl">Lidl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SuperValu_(Ireland)" title="SuperValu (Ireland)">SuperValu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tesco_Ireland" title="Tesco Ireland">Tesco</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convenience</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centra" title="Centra">Centra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Costcutter" title="Costcutter">Costcutter</a></li>
<li>Daybreak</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gala_(supermarket)" title="Gala (supermarket)">Gala</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Londis_(Ireland)" title="Londis (Ireland)">Londis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mace_(shop)" title="Mace (shop)">Mace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spar_(retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (retailer)">Spar</a></li>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Cope" title="The Cope">The Cope</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joyces_365" title="Joyces 365">Joyces 365</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/JC%27s" title="JC's">JC's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Fresh_(supermarket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fresh (supermarket) (page does not exist)">Fresh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1599210943 |