Examine individual changes

'{{redirect|Grimhilde|the sorceress from Norse mythology|Grimhild}} {{good article}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}} {{Infobox character | colour = #9A90C5 | name = The Evil Queen | series = [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]] | image = [[File:QueenSnowWhite.png|256px]] | caption = The Evil Queen in both forms from Disney's ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]''.<ref name=ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/reflection-of-evil-ink-paint-cel-release-at-disneys-hollywood-studios/ |title=Reflection of Evil Ink & Paint Cel Release at Disney's Hollywood Studios « Disney Parks Blog|publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> | first = ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' (1937) | last = | creator = [[Art Babbitt]] {{small|(animation)}}<br>[[Walt Disney]] & [[Joe Grant]] {{small|(design)}} | lbl1 = Based on | data1 = [[Evil Queen|The Queen]] from the [[Brothers Grimm]]'s [[Snow White|fairy tale]] | portrayer = {{Plainlist| * [[Anne Francine]] {{small|([[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (musical)|musical]])}} * [[Jane Curtin]] {{small|(TV special)}} * Various {{small|(''[[Disney on Ice]]'')}} * [[Kathy Najimy]] {{small|(''[[Descendants (2015 film)|Descendants]]'')}}}} | voice = {{Plainlist| * [[Lucille La Verne]] {{small|([[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|1937 film]])}} * [[Eleanor Audley]] {{small|(1949 audiobook)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2013/06/ilene-woods-as-snow-white-1949-rca.html|title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1949 Dennis Day w/ Ilene Woods as Snow White - RCA-Victor Record Y-33|first=Snow White|last=Archive|date=June 22, 2013|publisher=}}</ref>}} * [[June Foray]] {{small|(''[[Disney on Parade]]'')}} * [[Janet Waldo]] {{small|(1974 Christmas album)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/mickeys-christmas-carol/|title="Mickey's Christmas Carol" -|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>}} * Eda Reiss Merin {{small|(1990 Disney Read-Along)}} * [[Louise Chamis]] {{small|(1992–2001)}} * [[Susanne Blakeslee]] {{small|(2001–present)}}}} | alias = Wicked Queen, Queen Grimhilde, Old Witch, Wicked Witch, Witch Queen, Queen-witch,<ref>Jim Razzi, ''Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'', page 41.</ref> Old Hag, Snow White's stepmother<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=John|title=Encyclopedia of Walt Disney's animated characters|date=1998|publisher=Hyperion Books|page=161}}</ref> | species = <!-- for non-humans only --> | gender = <!-- if not obvious --> | occupation = [[Magician (fantasy)|Sorceress]], [[Queen dowager]]/[[Queen regnant|regnant]] | affiliation = [[List of Disney villains|Disney villains]] | title = The Evil Queen | children = [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]] {{small|(stepdaughter)}}<br>Evie {{small|(daughter in ''[[Descendants (franchise)|Descendants]]'')}} | spouse = [[King (Snow White)|The King]] | nationality = }} The '''Evil Queen''', also known as the '''Wicked Queen''' or just the '''Queen''', and sometimes instead identified by her given name as '''Queen Grimhilde''', is a fictional character who appears in [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]]' first animated feature film ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' (1937) and a villain character in the extended [[Snow White (franchise)|Disney's ''Snow White'' franchise]]. She is based on the [[Evil Queen]] character from the German [[fairy tale]] "[[Snow White]]". In the film, similar to the [[Brothers Grimm]] story it is based on, the Evil Queen is cold, cruel, and extremely vain, owning [[Magic Mirror (Snow White)|a magic mirror]], and obsessively desiring to remain the "fairest in the land". She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter, Princess [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]], as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land; such [[love triangle]] element is one of Disney's changes to the story. This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise, which in the film is indirectly caused by the [[Seven Dwarfs]]. The film's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms' story; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the '''Wicked Witch''' or alternatively as the '''Old Hag''' or just the '''Witch'''. The Queen dies in the film, but lives on in a variety of non-canonical Disney works. The film's version of the Queen was created by [[Walt Disney]] and [[Joe Grant]], and originally animated by [[Art Babbitt]] and voiced by [[Lucille La Verne]]. Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from ''[[She (1935 film)|She]]'' and Princess [[Kriemhild]] from ''[[Die Nibelungen]]''. The Queen has since been voiced by [[Eleanor Audley]], [[June Foray]], [[Janet Waldo]], Eda Reiss Merin, [[Louise Chamis]] and [[Susanne Blakeslee]], and was portrayed live by [[Anne Francine]] (musical), [[Jane Curtin]] (50th anniversary TV special), [[Olivia Wilde]] (''Disney Dream Portraits''), and [[Kathy Najimy]] (''[[Descendants (2015 film)|Descendants]]''). This version of the fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public, and is considered one of Disney's most iconic and menacing villains. Besides in the film, the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions, including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White, such as ''[[Fantasmic!]]'', ''[[The Kingdom Keepers]]'' and ''[[Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep]]'', sometimes appearing in them alongside [[Maleficent]] from ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]''. The film's version of the Queen has also become a popular [[archetype]] that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works. ==In ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''== {{Main|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)}} ===Storyline=== [[File:Evil Queen Grimhilde.png|thumb|upright|left|The Queen in her secret lair in an illustration by the [[Brothers Hildebrandt]]]] In "another land, far away,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2013/06/27/disney-villain-resumes/ |title=Disney Villain Resumes &#124; Oh My Disney |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= June 27, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> "many, many years ago," about the time of [[fairy tale]]s of castles, knights, fair maidens, romance, magic and witches,"<ref>{{cite web|author=Snow White Archive |url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2013/07/vintage-snow-white-collector-print.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Vintage Snow White "Collector Print Primer Cards" |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=July 13, 2013 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> a mysterious and icily beautiful woman with magical powers (a 1938 promotional brochure suggests that she is able to work her [[witchcraft]] having sold "herself body and soul to the bad spirits" of Germany's [[Harz]] mountains<ref name=uk1938/>) has gained her royal position by marrying the widowed [[King (Snow White)|King]], giving her rule over his kingdom before he died. "From that time on the cruel Queen ruled all alone, her every word was law, and all trembled in mortal fear of her anger."<ref name=tgh/> The vain Queen owned a magical mirror with which she could look upon whatever she wished. The [[Magic Mirror (Snow White)|Magic Mirror]] shows a haunted, smokey face of her [[familiar spirit|familiar demon]]<ref name=uk1938/> which replies to the Queen's requests. She regularly asks the mirror who is the fairest in the realm ("Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?" which is often misquoted as "Mirror mirror on the wall, who is the fairest of them all"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://listverse.com/2007/10/18/top-15-film-misquotes/|title=Top 15 Film Misquotes|work=Listverse|accessdate=January 3, 2015|date=October 18, 2007}}</ref>), and the mirror would always reply that she is. The Queen has magical power only over her own domain, which is the castle.<ref name="ds">{{cite web|url=http://www.kennetti.fi/sw_scariest3.html|title=THE FAIREST ...AND THE SCARIEST OF THEM ALL: Dark Secrets of the Dungeon|date=March 29, 2010|publisher=Kennetti.fi|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> One day, however, the mirror tells her that there is a new fairest woman in the land, her 14-year-old<ref name=wdm/> stepdaughter, Princess [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]]. She became obsessively jealous of the princess' emerging beauty, therefore turning her into a [[scullery maid]] in her own home. After observing the handsome Prince from another kingdom singing a love song to Snow White, the proud Queen falls in a jealous rage. She commands her faithful [[Huntsman (Snow White)|Huntsman]], Humbert, to take the princess deep into the forest and kill her. He is also ordered to bring back her heart in a box to prove that he had done so. But Humbert cannot bear to kill the young princess upon realizing that she is impervious to harm, so he tells Snow White of the Queen's plot and tells her to run away and never to come back. To escape the penalty, he comes back with a pig's heart and gives it to the Queen. When she questions her mirror, it again replies that Snow White is the fairest in the land, and that she is living at the cottage of the [[Seven Dwarfs]], revealing that the box contains the heart of a pig. The Dwarfs are fearful of the Queen's [[black magic]] but decide to take in Snow White anyway. [[File:Snow White Witch.jpg|thumb|upright|The Witch (right) offering a poisoned apple to [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]] in [[Gustaf Tenggren]]'s inspirational art for the film|alt=]] Furious that Humbert tricked her, the Queen decides that first Snow White shall die by her own hand and at any cost. She goes down the dungeon to her secret room where she practices her dark magic, complete with a pet raven that "knows all her secrets,"<ref>Glenn Dakin, ''Disney Villains: The Essential Guide'', page 6.</ref> and in desperation uses her spellbook and cauldron to mix a potion that transforms her into a [[hag]]. Her beauty is shrouded in ugliness and age, though presumably reversible.<ref>Heidi Breuer, ''Crafting the Witch: Gendering Magic in Medieval and Early Modern England'', page 134.</ref> She then conjures a poison apple, which will cause "the Sleeping Death",<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2519&dat=19930729&id=xxpgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yW0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1318,8314279 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs], ''Observer-Reporter'', July 29, 1993.</ref> and proceeds to leave the castle via a moat boat. She is sure that no one would know or perform the counter-curse to her spell, and believes the Dwarfs would bury her rival alive, thinking her dead. The Queen comes to the cottage, followed by two vicious vultures, and finds Snow White baking a pie for Grumpy the dwarf. Somehow Snow White's animal friends realize that the old hag is the Queen. After an unsuccessful attempt to warn Snow White by attacking the Queen, they go to warn the Dwarfs of the Queen's arrival. The Queen tricks the princess into letting her inside the cottage and eating the bewitched apple, telling her that it is a magic wishing apple. Snow White takes a bite and falls to the floor, apparently dead. The Queen rejoices in her victory, but is soon discovered by the angry Seven Dwarfs, who grab pickaxes and chase her deep into the forest as a great storm begins. She climbs up into the mountains, where she gets trapped upon a precipice that overlooks a seemingly bottomless canyon. She tries to push down a large boulder to crush the approaching Dwarfs. Before she can do so, a lightning bolt strikes between her and the boulder, destroying the precipice and sending the Queen (along with the boulder) down the cliff to her death, screaming while she falls to the jagged rocks below (this scream was later reused in ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' when [[Maleficent]] is stabbed in the heart by the Sword of Truth). As the Dwarfs look wide-eyed over the cliff's edge, they cannot see her, but the vultures descend into the chasm. The Queen's dark reign is over, and her castle is then taken over by the revived Snow White and the Prince who broke the spell. (A 1936 pre-release ''[[Good Housekeeping]]'' novelization by Dorothy Ann Blank, a member of the film's story team, affirms that the Queen in fact dies: "Far below, in a chasm as dark as her own wicked soul, lay the body of the hateful Queen."<ref name=tgh>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-good-housekeeping-serial.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: The Good Housekeeping Serial |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=December 4, 2012 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref>) ===Conception, design and portrayal=== [[File:Evil Queen concept art.png|thumb|upright|One of many different early concept arts of the Queen's character (possibly by [[Joe Grant]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comics.ha.com/itm/animation-art/concept-art/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-the-evil-queen-concept-art-walt-disney-1937-/a/7122-95060.s?ic16=ViewItem-BrowseTabs-Inventory-BuyNowFromOwner-ThisAuction-120115|title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs The Evil Queen Concept Art(Walt {{!}} Lot #95060 {{!}} Heritage Auctions|website=Heritage Auctions|language=en|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref>)|alt=|left]] [[Walt Disney]] changed the Queen from Snow White's biological mother in the [[Brothers Grimm]] story into her stepmother.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animatedviews.com/2009/snow-white-disneys-animation-research-librarys-lella-smith-reveals-the-dwarfs-once-upon-a-time/|title=Snow White: Disney's Animation Research Library's Lella Smith reveals the Dwarfs' Once Upon a Time! – Animated Views|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref> Early concepts for the film called for a "fat, batty, cartoon type, self-satisfied" Queen. However, Disney became concerned that such an approach would make the character seem less plausible. Sensing that more time was needed for the development of the Queen, he advised that attention be paid exclusively to "scenes in which only Snow White, the Dwarfs, and their bird and animal friends appear."<ref name=pj>Paul Muljadi, ''Disney Theatrical Animated Features'', page 14.</ref> Disney further developed the main plot himself ([[Ollie Johnston]] said the film's story was based on the idea that the Queen's character was going to murder "another drawing" and Disney decided to make it appear believable<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2011/11/disney-news-magazine-50th-anniversary.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Disney News Magazine (50th Anniversary - 1987) |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=November 5, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref>), finding a dilemma in the characterization of the Queen, whom he envisioned as a mixture of [[Lady Macbeth]] and the [[Big Bad Wolf]],<ref name="autogenerated117">John Hanson Saunders, ''The Evolution of Snow White: A Close Textual Analysis of Three Versions of the Snow White Fairy Tale'', page 117.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2014/03/18/villain-stories/ |title=Villain Stories &#124; Disney Insider |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= March 18, 2014|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> and decided to set on "a high collar stately beautiful type"<ref>Michael Barrier, ''Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age'', page 128.</ref> whose "beauty is sinister, mature, plenty of curves – she becomes ugly and menacing when scheming."<ref name=wdm/> According to a description in her card in the Disney Villains set, "the Witch's ugliness symbolises the evil disguised by the Queen's beauty." {{multiple image | width = 150 | align = right | image1 = Rh louise crawford26.png | image2 = Fotothek df roe-neg 0006471 011 Detail der Stifterfigur Uta im Naumburger Dom St.jpg | footer = Possible inspirations for the Queen's looks included several real-life women, such as [[Uta von Ballenstedt]] as seen here depicted at [[Naumburg Cathedral]] | direction = | caption1 = A photo of [[Joan Crawford]] circa 1930 | caption2 = }} The Queen's appearance was inspired by the "ageless ice goddess"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/articles/2012/09/03/the-wonderful-world-of-walt-walt-disney-and-the-villain/ |title=The Wonderful World of WALT: Walt Disney and the Villain &#124; Disney Insider |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= September 3, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> character of Queen Ayesha ("She who must be obeyed") from the 1935 film ''[[She (1935 film)|She]]'', played by [[Helen Gahagan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/villains/queen/queen.html |title=Disney Villains: Queen |publisher=Disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=November 6, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227222743/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/villains/queen/queen.html|archivedate=February 27, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://d23.disney.go.com/news/2012/12/d23s-dateline-disney-1935-evil-queen/ |title=D23′s Dateline Disney: 1935 (Evil Queen) « Disney D23 |publisher=D23.disney.go.com |date=December 10, 2012 |accessdate=July 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216032701/http://d23.disney.go.com/news/2012/12/d23s-dateline-disney-1935-evil-queen/|archivedate=December 16, 2012}}</ref> The Queen, who was originally to be named Grimhilde<ref name=wdm/> (but who is never actually named in the film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/trivia/2014/02/28/how-well-do-you-know-snow-white/ |title=How Well Do You Know... Snow White? &#124; Disney Insider |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= February 28, 2014|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref>), was also modeled in part on Princess [[Kriemhild]] in the 1924 film ''[[Die Nibelungen]]''.<ref>''Golden Anniversary: Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'', Gladstone 1987.</ref> The Queen's face may have been inspired by [[Joan Crawford]]<ref>Ryan Gilbey, Jonathan Ross, ''The Ultimate Film: The UK's 100 Most Popular Films'', page 19.</ref><ref name=ex/> and possibly also [[Gale Sondergaard]].<ref name=gg>Axel Nissen, ''Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties'', page 197.</ref> Her costume and figure may have been inspired by a column statue at the [[Naumburg Cathedral]] depicting [[Uta von Ballenstedt]], the wife of [[Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen]] who was widely regarded as the most beautiful woman of [[Germany in the Middle Ages|Medieval Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jaeger |first=Peter |url=http://www.stripes.com/military-life/travel/naumburg-cathedral-immortalizes-most-beautiful-woman-of-the-middle-ages-1.100702 |title=Naumburg: Cathedral immortalizes'most beautiful woman of the Middle Ages' – Travel |publisher=Stripes |accessdate=September 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020122552/http://www.stripes.com/military-life/travel/naumburg-cathedral-immortalizes-most-beautiful-woman-of-the-middle-ages-1.100702 |archivedate=October 20, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stamporama.com/articles/display_article.php?id=RASbI.RKcYxFU |title=The Naumburg Founder Statues on Stamps |publisher=Stamporama |date=September 30, 2008 |accessdate=September 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ex>{{Cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2013/09/2006-2007-disney-art-exhibit-in-paris.html|title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 2006-2007 Disney Art Exhibit in Paris|date=2013-09-16|website=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> Also noted was her resemblance to two 1930s American movie stars from Europe, [[Greta Garbo]] and [[Marlene Dietrich]].<ref>Douglas Brode, ''Multiculturalism and the Mouse'', page 172.</ref> The Queen and Snow White were refined by [[Grim Natwick]] and [[Norm Ferguson (animator)|Norm Ferguson]], who would often override Walt Disney's instructions.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19870415&id=yOlVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z0ANAAAAIBAJ&pg=1114,2955720 Biggest opening day in film history is coming up], ''Beaver County Times'', April 15, 1987.</ref> As in the case of other characters for the film, the Queen's appearance had to be approved by Albert Hurter before being finalised.<ref name=pj/> One pre-final version of the queen had her wear a looser hood and a different crown and the edge of her cape was fur trimmed, as it can be seen in [[Gustaf Tenggren]]'s pictures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2010/11/1938-popular-science-snow-white-article.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 "Popular Science" Snow White Article |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=November 1, 2010 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name=g50>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2011/11/gladstone-comic-book-50th-anniversary.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Gladstone Comic Book (50th Anniversary - 1987) |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=November 12, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> Unlike much of Disney's animation of human characters in this period, none of [[Art Babbitt]]'s lead animation work on the character was [[rotoscoping|rotoscoped]].<ref>Bruno Girveau (editor), ''Once Upon a Time&nbsp;― Walt Disney: The Sources of inspiration for the Disney Studios'' (Prestel, London, 2006) {{ISBN|978-3-7913-3770-8}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mayersononanimation.blogspot.com/2007/06/six-authors-in-search-of-character-part_30.html|title=Mayerson on Animation|author=Mark Mayerson|publisher=Mayersononanimation.blogspot.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015|date=June 30, 2007}}</ref> The animators were noted to prefer to draw the Queen over Snow White "because she was more real and complex as a woman, more erotic, and driven to desperate acts by her magic mirror."<ref name=enchanted>Jack Zipes, ''The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films'', pages 115, 122.</ref> The character, however, turned out to be especially problematic for the animators, as she had to be "regally beautiful, with confined but graceful movements," and "the experiments on her lovely cruel mouth and eyes alone represent drawings enough to fill a paper house."<ref name=pp/> The sequence of her transformation in particular was the film's toughest to visualise using trick effects,<ref name=bv58>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2013/08/1958-buena-vista-snow-white-pressbook.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1958 Buena Vista Snow White Pressbook |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=August 15, 2013 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> especially since Disney insisted on showing how the Queen felt as she changed.<ref name=pp/> [[File:Hong Kong Disneyland's- Villians Night Out Parade .jpg|thumb|upright|The Evil Queen during [[Hong Kong Disneyland]]'s Villains Night Out! parade, premiering in 2016, with the peacock motif prominent|alt=|left]] {{multiple image | width = 150 | align = right | image1 = Alcázar de Segovia-7.jpg | image2 = Evil Queen's Dungeon 2.jpg | footer = The [[Alcázar of Segovia]] and an evil ornament in the Queen's dungeon in [[Snow White's Scary Adventures]] | direction = | caption1 = | caption2 = }} Her castle, which had been originally different and less grand in a concept art by [[Cornett Wood]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comics.ha.com/itm/animation-art/concept-art/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-background-color-key-concept-painting-by-cornett-wood-walt-disney-1937-/a/7193-95082.s|title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Background Color {{!}} Lot #95082|website=Heritage Auctions|language=en|access-date=2019-03-24}}</ref> might have been inspired by Spain's [[Alcázar of Segovia]]<ref>Marilyn Stokstad, ''Medieval Castles'', page 92.</ref><ref>Patricia Schultz, ''1,000 Places to See Before You Die'', page 270.</ref><ref>Anna Ruiz, ''Vibrant Andalusia: The Spice of Life in Southern Spain'', page 148.</ref> and the throne she is uses has a [[Peafowl#Cultural significance|peacock motif]] to symbolise her extreme vanity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/snow.html |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) |publisher=Filmsite.org |date= |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> The Queen is clad mostly in black and other "negative" dark colors, providing a contrast to Snow White's bright colorful wardrobe,<ref>{{cite web|author=Guest Contributor |url=http://www.racialicious.com/2012/05/31/the-evolution-of-snow-white/ |title=The Evolution of Snow White &#124; Racialicious – the intersection of race and pop culture |publisher=Racialicious |date=May 31, 2012 |accessdate=May 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213015/http://www.racialicious.com/2012/05/31/the-evolution-of-snow-white/ |archivedate=April 5, 2014 }}</ref> and has "shiny black hair" under her hood.<ref name="tgh" /> Her royal costume was painted with specially developed paints made to look like satin for her collar and like velvet for her robe.<ref name="pp">{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2010/04/photoplay-snow-white-article.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Photoplay Snow White Article |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=April 1, 2010 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> The Queen's music tracks were created with low celio notes, basses, and bassoons; the scribblings in her book of spells were written in Italian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2016/01/1987-animator-magazine-no-20.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1987 Animator Magazine No. 20 |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=January 11, 2016 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> Notably, the Queen was the first character to ever speak in an animated feature film.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ax6PzlpRgNkC&pg=PA7 |title=From Screen to Theme: A Guide to Disney Animated Film References Found ... – Brent Dodge – Google Boeken |date= February 2010|accessdate=May 17, 2014|isbn=9781608444083 |last1=Dodge |first1=Brent }}</ref> She was originally voiced in English by [[Lucille La Verne]], who achieved her voice change for the role of the Witch by removing her false teeth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2013/04/21/10-mind-blowing-facts-about-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/ |title=10 Mind-Blowing Facts About Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs &#124; Oh My Disney |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= April 21, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> [[Joe Grant]], who contributed the design for her Witch form,<ref name=Before/> noticed La Verne's changing attitude and posture when voicing the Queen and Witch, and sketched these poses and her [[body language]] down for animation reference.<ref name=tdt/> He also said he based the Witch's concept art on a woman who lived across the street from him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.08/4.08pages/lyonsgrant.php3|title=Not Just Your Average Joe: Disney Legend Joe Grant|publisher=Awn.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922072322/http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.08/4.08pages/lyonsgrant.php3#|archive-date=September 22, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The character's foreign dubbing voice actresses included [[Cristina Montt]] in Chile; [[Mirela Brekalo]] in Croatia; [[Jiřina Petrovická]] in Czechoslovakia; [[Clara Pontoppidan]], [[Kirsten Rolffes]] and [[Lise Ringheim]] in Denmark; [[Rauni Luoma]] and [[Seela Sella]] in Finland; [[Adrienne D'Ambricourt]] and [[Claude Gensac]] in France; [[Dora Gerson]] and [[Dagny Servaes]] in Germany; [[Ilus Vay]] in Hungary; [[Steinunn Ólína Þorsteinsdóttir]] in Iceland; [[Abha Parmar]] in India; [[Antonella Rinaldi]], [[Tina Lattanzi]], [[Dina Romano]] and [[Wanda Tettoni]] in Italy; [[Tanie Kitabayashi]] in Japan; [[Blanca de Castejón]] and [[Cristina Montt]] in Mexico; [[Astrid Folstad]] and [[Bab Christensen]] in Norway; [[Danuta Stenka]] in Poland; [[Svetlana Smirnova (actress)|Svetlana Smirnova]] and [[Zinaida Sharko]] in Russia; and [[Helena Brodin]], [[Hjördis Petterson]] and [[Lil Terselius]] in Sweden. The Queen was the first character to meet death in a Disney film.<ref>1944 RKO Radio Pictures ''Snow White'' pressbook, page 5.</ref> As part of elimination of the original story's more gruesome aspects, and to make Snow White seem more a "nice girl",<ref name=uk1938>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2016/02/1938-uk-snow-white-pressbook.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 UK Snow White Pressbook |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=February 5, 2016 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> the Wicked Queen is no longer cannibalistic and her destruction was made "just as certain but more merciful" than in the original story, where she is forced to dance to her death in red-hot iron shoes on her feet as an invited guest at Snow White's wedding.<ref name=g50/><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19371013&id=WHEbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LEwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6349,5736128 "Snow White" Ready Xmas], ''The Pittsburgh Press'', October 13, 1937.</ref> Snow White's role in the Queen's demise was removed, and the Queen "dies more neatly and quickly,"<ref name=uk1938/> as justice is served without resorting to killing or torture. She also invites her own downfall while pushing the boulder, and her fate is only suggested rather than shown.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19800806&id=UzsjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0Z4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5359,1329783 Feminists decry fairy tale films], ''The Tuscaloosa News'', August 6, 1980.</ref> One of the Witch's animators was [[Ward Kimball]], whom Walt Disney let to also draw the two vultures watching her fall "to make it a little easier" for him, as Kimball had been reassigned after his own sequence was cut from the film,<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19870717&id=w9ZRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4655,5604878 'Snow White' as young as ever], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', July 17, 1987.</ref> since Disney thought these additional dwarfs gag scenes would distract from "the real drama" of the tension between Snow White and her wicked stepmother that was supposed to drive the film.<ref name=s50>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2011/11/starlogs-cinemagic-magazine-50th.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Starlog's CineMagic Magazine (50th Annivesary - 1987) |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=November 20, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> ====Abandoned concepts==== The original outline of the story featured another attempt by the Queen to kill Snow White, using a poisoned comb, an element taken from the Grimms' version of the tale (the Dwarfs would arrive in time to remove it). The Queen was originally intended to have seven [[black panther]]s guarding the entrance to her secret room with the Mirror;<ref name="tgh" /> a concept art of the Queen walking a pet panther can be seen in [[The Walt Disney Family Museum]] and at [[Disney California Adventure]]. The books ''Snow White: Magic Mirror Book'' and ''The Complete Story of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' reveal that the Huntsman was afraid to disobey a command to kill Snow White because the Queen might feed him to her panthers or shrink him magically "to the size of a walnut".<ref name="triangle" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://1937fan.blogspot.com/2011/01/snow-white-magic-mirror-book.html|title=Whistle While We Blog|author=1937 Fan|publisher=1937fan.blogspot.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015|date=January 4, 2011}}</ref> In one 1937 novelization, the Queen vows the Huntsman would pay dearly for allowing her stepdaughter to escape, but first she would deal with Snow White herself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TVFZa-niGWI/VgdQ4wgw01I/AAAAAAABGw4/67kUabyx_zU/s1600/1937DavidMcKayA6.jpg|title=Snow White book page|website=4.bp.blogspot.com|format=JPG|accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> In another version, the Huntsman would also be dragged to the dungeon when the Queen finds out that he has betrayed her,<ref name="triangle" /> and the Queen might smash her own Mirror in anger.<ref name="ug">David Koenig, ''Mouse Under Glass: Secrets of Disney Animation & Theme Parks'', page 28.</ref><ref name="pr">{{cite web|url=http://www.kennetti.fi/sw_scariest4.html|title=THE FAIREST ...AND THE SCARIEST OF THEM ALL: The Rescue of the Prince|date=March 29, 2010|publisher=Kennetti.fi|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> The envious Queen would also decide to take possession of Snow White's attractive young suitor, the (At the time) 18-year-old<ref name="wdm" /> Prince (described in a press kit as "every woman's dream man"<ref name="bv58" />) for herself, offering him an opportunity to share the throne with her through a marriage.<ref name="triangle">{{cite web|url=http://www.kennetti.fi/sw_scariest2.html |title=The Fairest ...And The Scariest Of Them All: A Doomed Love Triangle |publisher=Kennetti.fi |date=March 29, 2010 |accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name="ug" /> With the Prince refusing to marry her, the Queen would have him captured by her guards and taken to her dungeon to be suspended in chains in a [[torture chamber]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animatormag.com/archive/issue-20/issue-20-page-24/ |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Disney's fabulous folly – Page 5 &#124; Animator Mag – Library |publisher=Animatormag.com |date=August 25, 2010 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> She would later visit him there and use her sorcery to taunt him by bringing the dungeon's skeletons (also chained to the walls) to life and making them dance, identifying one skeleton as "Prince Oswald"<ref name="wdm">Richard Holliss, Brian Sibley, ''Walt Disney's Masterpiece Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'', pages 14, 81.</ref> (the name was an [[In-joke|inside joke]] reference to [[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit]]<ref name="ug" />), only for the Prince to defy her again. She then has him given to the torturers, described as "the [[Nubia]]ns",<ref name="ds" /> and "exits with a dirty laugh."<ref>Richard Holliss, ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and the Making of the Classic Film'', page 14.</ref> According to production story-meeting notes from October 1934, "Queen wants to marry Prince, but he refuses to acknowledge 'that she is the fairest in the land,' since he has seen Snow White."<ref>Ollie Johnston, Frank Thomas, ''The Disney Villain'', age 54.</ref> A story note states about their meeting in the dungeon: "This is a sequence of gruesome comedy ― of dancing skeletons ― fantastic shadows ― witchcraft and deviltry."<ref>Rudy Behlmer, ''America's Favorite Movies: Behind the Scenes'', page 44.</ref> Later, after transforming herself, she decides to punish the Prince for having scorned her. She informs the Prince of her plan to have the Dwarfs bury Snow White alive and then leaves him to his death, still chained and trapped in a subterranean chamber filling with water<ref name="Before">John Canemaker, ''Before the Animation Begins: The Life and Times of Disney inspirational Sketch Artists'' (Hyperion, New York, 1999) {{ISBN|0-7868-6152-5}}.</ref> to slowly drown. She then makes her way to the Dwarfs' cottage with the poisoned apple, while birds and forest animals were to help the Prince escape the Queen's minions and find his horse as would race to try and save Snow White.<ref>''The Complete Story of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' (Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1987) {{ISBN|0-8109-1515-4}}.</ref><ref name="ft" /> The Prince-in-dungeon plotline described above was not used in the final film, although it was carried out to the drawing and [[cel]] stage,<ref>Laurence A. Rickels, ''The Devil Notebooks'', page 274.</ref> and several inspirational sketch pictures of the dungeon scenes were drawn by Ferdinand Hovarth. It is said that Disney "knew that the Queen would have to look scary without being too scary."<ref name="autogenerated117" /> Some skeletons are briefly featured in the finished film in the other parts of the dungeon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2013/09/04/disney-villains-lairs-are-creepy-and-impressive/ |title=Disney Villains' Lairs Are Creepy and Impressive &#124; Oh My Disney |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= September 4, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> except in Australia's censored original theatrical release version.<ref>Maureen Furniss, ''Art in Motion: Animation Aesthetics'', page 119.</ref> Similar motifs and scenes were later used in ''Sleeping Beauty''<ref name="g50" /><ref name="ft">Kay Stone, ''Some Day Your Witch Will Come'', page 71.</ref> and ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]''. Elements of this sub-plot have also made their way into some other Disney's ''Snow White'' fiction and visitor attractions. ==Other appearances== ===Disney theme park attractions=== {{multiple image | width = | align = right | image1 = Snow White's Scary Adventures castle entrance.jpg | image2 = Evil queen in the Dreams Come True Parade at Magic Kingdom.jpg | footer = | direction = vertical | caption1 = The Queen's castle at [[Fantasyland]] | caption2 = The Queen in her lair with magic books and a statue of the demon [[Chernabog]] from ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'' at Share A Dream Come True Parade 2008 }} The Queen is a primary character in the [[Disneyland]] rides [[Snow White's Scary Adventures]] (first opened in 1955), where she is seen more than any other character in all four versions of the ride, recreating a number of scenes from the film, sometimes including the torture chamber from an abandoned concept, with "a few skeletons of her past victims."<ref>''Eurodisney Pocket Guide'', page 64.</ref> In one new scene, she turns into a hag while standing in front of the mirror (back to the visitors) and intoning: "Magic Mirror on the wall, with this disguise I'll fool them all!"<ref>Tison Pugh, ''The Disney Middle Ages: A Fairy-Tale and Fantasy Past'', page 64.</ref> She also appears in her hag form at the roller coaster [[Seven Dwarfs Mine Train]], first opened in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/destinations/2014/05/01/disney-world-seven-dwarfs-mine-train-roller-coaster/8552627/ |title=Sneak peek: Disney's new Seven Dwarfs Mine Train |publisher=Azcentral.com |date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> [[File:The Evil Queen and Jaffar at Mickey's Halloween Party.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The Evil Queen with the wizard [[Jafar (Disney character)|Jafar]] from ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' during [[Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party]] in 2012]] In the ''Disney Villains Mix and Mingle'' and ''Mickey's Boo-to-You Halloween Parade'' shows during [[Magic Kingdom]]'s [[Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party]], the Queen is one of the villains led by Maleficent that appear during the [[Cinderella (Disney character)|Cinderella]] Castle Forecourt Stage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/the-daily-disney/os-disney-halloween-party-changes-villains-show-20141010-post.html |title=Disney World Halloween Party changes |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date= |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/27/big-thrills-little-chills-at-disney-halloween-bash |title=Big thrills, little chills at Disney Halloween bash &#124; USA &#124; Travel |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |date=October 27, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> [[Susanne Blakeslee]] voiced the Queen at 2001's Share A Dream Come True Parade, where she could be seen transform herself into a hag.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/871272/Disney-celebrates-100-years-of-magic.html?pg=all |title=Disney celebrates 100 years of magic |publisher=Deseret News |date=October 28, 2001 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> The Wicked Queen is one of the "favourite" villains included in Magic Kingdom Park's special pre-parade procession "It's Good to be Bad" a night before the annual [[Main Street Electrical Parade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/tag/disney-side/page/3/ |title=Disney Side « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> One event featured a giant interactive mirror and included the Queen and two other "Divas of Evil", Maleficent and Cruella de Vil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2010/10/creating-your-dream-with-disney-event-group/ |title=Creating Your Dream with Disney Event Group « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date=October 6, 2010 |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> She also prominently appears at Villains Unleashed party,<ref>{{cite web|last=Mauney |first=Matt |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/the-daily-disney/os-disney-villains-unleashed-hollywood-studios,0,5549477.story |title=Villain-themed event coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios |publisher=Orlando Sentinel |date=June 6, 2014 |accessdate=June 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freshplaza.com/article/129618/Disney-guests-enjoy-Chiquita-Apple-Bites|title=Disney guests enjoy Chiquita Apple Bites|publisher=Freshplaza.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110145830/http://www.freshplaza.com/article/129618/Disney-guests-enjoy-Chiquita-Apple-Bites|archive-date=November 10, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> a separately ticketed event at [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] that was introduced in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2014/06/take-a-sneak-peek-at-the-villains-unleashed-guest-list-at-disneys-hollywood-studios/ |title=Take a Sneak Peek at the 'Villains Unleashed' Guest List at Disney's Hollywood Studios « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> In the interactive gallery [[Walt Disney: One Man's Dream]], the Queen appears alongside Maleficent and [[Judge Frollo]] in the villains' act of the show, where she seems to be the leader of the trio. On the cruise ship ''[[Disney Fantasy]]'', the Queen, appearing with her raven, is one of the seven suspects (and sometimes the culprit)<ref>{{cite web|last=Sachs |first=Andrea |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/lifestyle/travel/i-dream-of-disney-/2011/02/18/ABZAQSQ_story.html |title=I Dream of Disney |work=The Washington Post |date=February 18, 2011 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> in the interactive gallery Midship Detective Agency's story "The Case of The Plundered Paintings". ===Film and television=== The Queen is featured in some Disney television specials like ''[[Our Unsung Villains]]'' (1956) and ''[[Disney's Greatest Villains]]'' (1977). Segments of the Queen's appearance are also shown in ''[[Disney's Halloween Treat]]'' (1982) and in ''[[A Disney Halloween]]'' (1983). She makes small cameo appearances in the animated series ''[[Disney's House of Mouse]]'', voiced by [[Susanne Blakeslee]] (where she is seen sitting with [[Lady Tremaine]] in her queen form, and with [[Madam Mim]] and [[Witch Hazel (Disney)|Witch Hazel]] in her witch form) and in the films ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (1988) and ''[[Runaway Brain]]'' (1995), shown there in her witch form. In the live-action television special ''Disney's Golden Anniversary of Snow White'' (1987), the Queen is played by [[Jane Curtin]] in a parodic scenario.<ref>Vincent Terrace, ''Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936–2012, 2d ed.'', page 132.</ref> She casts a spell on Grumpy in an attempt to get him to persuade the other Dwarfs to retire and destroy the original film after the 50 years. After the failure of this, her Mirror convinces her to finally quit "this whole curse business" and focus on her current career as a television [[horror host]]. The Queen (voiced by Susanne Blakeslee) is the main villain in the 2005 direct-to-video animated film ''[[Once Upon a Halloween]]'', but appears only in the Witch version despite misleading cover art (furthermore, only her shadow is shown). In it, the Queen plots to conquer Halloween and asks her cauldron to show several villains to which one of them helps her in her plan. The cauldron also explains its origins as it is one of the cauldrons formerly owned by the three witches from ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]''. Eventually, the cauldron turns against the Wicked Queen and makes her vanish into nothingness. Early on into the project that would become the mostly live-action film ''[[Enchanted (film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007), it was actually supposed to be a direct-to-video animated sequel to Disney's ''Snow White'' (with a working title of "''Snow White 2''") in which '''Narissa''' (back then often misspelled as "Noriss") was the evil Queen's sister who would kidnap six of the dwarfs to lure Snow White, the Prince, and their 13-year-old daughter Rose aided by Dopey, into a trap.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://famillemouroux.free.fr/News.html|title=Animated Movies|author=Olivier Mouroux|date=|publisher=Famillemouroux.free.fr|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> In the ultimately unrelated story of the released film, [[Susan Sarandon]]'s character of Queen Narissa still had her characteristics, powers, and physical features were inspired by the Queen from ''Snow White'' as well as by Maleficent from ''Sleeping Beauty''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-11-14-enchanted_N.htm|title=''Enchanted'' princess steps out of cartoon, into Manhattan|last=Wloszczyna|first=Susan|date=November 14, 2007|work=USA Today|accessdate=January 4, 2008}}</ref> Hank Tucker's storyboard shows how Narissa would appear as just the Evil Queen in an early version of the film's animated opening.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comics.ha.com/itm/animation-art/enchanted-evil-queen-storyboard-group-walt-disney-2007-total-5-items-/a/7086-96265.s?ic4=GalleryView-Thumbnail-071515|title=Enchanted Evil Queen Storyboard Group (Walt Disney,2007).... {{!}} Lot #96265 {{!}} Heritage Auctions|website=Heritage Auctions|language=en|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icollector.com/Original-Hank-Tucker-Storyboards-of-Queen-Narissa-from-Enchanted-Disney-2007_i24266867|title=Original Hank Tucker Storyboards of Queen Narissa from Enchanted (Disney, 2007)|website=iCollector.com Online Auctions|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> In a possibly related [[Mike Disa]]'s and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]]' abandoned pitch for the [[DisneyToons]]' ''Snow White'' prequel film ''The Seven Dwarfs'', a beautiful girl similarly named '''Narcissa''' appears to aid the dwarfs against an evil wizard, who would be eventually revealed as her father whom she would betray and trap him inside a mirror. Narcissa steals the ancient magic secrets of the Olden Dwarfs, marries and then murders Snow White's father, and "begins her reign as the Evil Queen, with the damned soul of her own father forever encased in the Magic Mirror as her slave. Thus, the dwarfs must live in hiding to protect their families from the Queen's vengeance." Three computer-animated sequels to ''The Seven Dwarfs'' "were to follow the title characters return home to families and friends after the Evil Queen's death in ''Snow White''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animatedviews.com/2013/mike-disa-and-the-seven-dwarfs-how-the-snow-white-prequel-became-a-dopey-movie/|title=Mike Disa and The Seven Dwarfs: How the Snow White prequel became a Dopey movie • Animated Views|publisher=|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/04/03/did-you-know-disney-once-planned-a-prequel-to-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-5793091/ |title=Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs prequel once planned by Disney &#124; Metro News |website=Metro.co.uk |date=April 3, 2016 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> In a 2015 [[Disney Channel Original Movies|Disney Channel Original Movie]] titled ''[[Descendants (2015 film)|Descendants]]'', the aged Evil Queen (played by [[Kathy Najimy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/kathy-najimy-cast/ |title=Kathy Najimy to Play Evil Queen in Disney Channel's 'Descendants' |publisher=TheWrap |date= May 23, 2014|accessdate=May 24, 2014}}</ref>) is among a host of other villains who have been imprisoned on a forbidden Isle of the Lost,<ref>{{cite web|last=Sepinwall |first=Alan |url=http://www.hitfix.com/comedy/disneys-lost-the-plot-with-descendants-angsty-teen-children-of-classic-villains |title=Disneys Lost The Plot With Descendants Angsty Teen Children Of Classic Villains |publisher=Hitfix.com |date=June 16, 2014 |accessdate=June 22, 2014}}</ref> and her daughter Evie (played by Sofia Carson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-channel-descendants-sophia-carson-evil-queen-daughter-evvie |title=Disney's 'Descendants' Casts Newcomer Sofia Carson as Evil Queen's Daughter (Exclusive) |publisher=TheWrap |date=April 16, 2014 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> is among their offspring who are allowed to return into the kingdom to attend school alongside the offspring of iconic Disney heroes (Evie's father is unidentified). The Evil Queen seemed to have joined forces with Maleficent, Jafar, and [[Cruella de Vil|Cruella De Vil]] in trying to take over Auradon. Its title image features the iconic red apple of the Evil Queen,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geeknation.com/disney-channel-creating-original-live-action-movie-about-offspring-of-disneys-villains/ |title=Disney Channel Creating Original Live-Action Movie About Offspring of Disneys Villains |publisher=GeekNation |accessdate=December 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217153743/http://geeknation.com/disney-channel-creating-original-live-action-movie-about-offspring-of-disneys-villains/ |archive-date=December 17, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disneychannelmedianet.com/assets/pr/html/pr63022.html |title=E Releases |publisher=Disneychannelmedianet.com |accessdate=December 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224411/http://www.disneychannelmedianet.com/assets/pr/html/pr63022.html |archive-date=December 17, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which was prominently featured in a teaser trailer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disney.com.au/disney-channel/generic-disney-descendants-%E2%80%93-teaser-trailer |title=Disney Descendants Teaser Trailer |publisher=Disney.com.au |accessdate=January 3, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103230050/http://disney.com.au/disney-channel/generic-disney-descendants-%E2%80%93-teaser-trailer |archivedate=January 3, 2015 }}</ref> Carson returned as Evie in 2017's ''[[Descendants 2]]'' and 2019's ''[[Descendants 3]]''. In Justin Merz's and [[Evan Daugherty]]'s script for the live-action spin-off ''Rose Red'', currently in development, Snow White's sister Rose Red is going to "join Grumpy and the fellow Dwarves on a journey to find the Evil Queen and break her curse."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geeksofdoom.com/2016/04/04/snow-white-sister-rose-red-disney-live-action |title=Disney To Develop Live-Action Film About Snow White's Sister Rose Red |website=Geeksofdoom.com |date=April 4, 2016 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> Another project in development is [[Michael Seitzman]]'s television series ''Book of Enchantment''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.looper.com/146482/book-of-enchantment-disney-series-will-focus-on-disney-villains/|title=Book of Enchantment: Disney+ series will focus on Disney villains|last=Floorwalker|first=Mike|website=Looper.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref> ===Theatrical shows=== As in the film, the Queen character is featured in 1979 ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (musical)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' musical version, played by [[Anne Francine]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19791025&id=ONgjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IAgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6166,5028227 Radio City back on track with live fairy tales], ''The Spokesman-Review'', October 25, 1979.</ref> In the [[Disney on Ice]] reenactment of the movie in 1986-1987,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19860906&id=jTQiAAAAIBAJ&pg=935,2722120 |title=Walt Disney's Snow White on Ice |publisher=The Montreal Gazette |date=September 6, 1986 |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> and then in 1994–1997 and again in 2000–2001, she was voiced by [[Louise Chamis]] and played by various skaters beginning with Melanie Scott in 1986-1987,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19860910&id=CxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=2903,4374113 |title=Glenmont Native A Prince in Fine 'Snow White on Ice' |publisher=Schenectady Gazette |date=September 10, 1986 |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19870122&id=e_4xAAAAIBAJ&pg=4881,5770821 |title=Snow White, 7 Dwarfs Deliver a Magical Show |publisher=The Milwaukee Sentinel |date=January 22, 1987 |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> and including Elena Koteneva, who was substituted by Davina Lee-Gooding in 1995.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19950228&id=U90oAAAAIBAJ&pg=6824,8160704 |title=Disney's Evil Queen wicked on Ice |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=February 28, 1995 |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> Francine also played her in the 1980 stage play and television program ''Snow White Live''<ref>Vincent Terrace, ''Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936–2012, 2d ed.'', page 337.</ref> and Chamis voiced her in [[Disneyland]]'s ''Snow White – An Enchanting Musical'' in 2004 and 2006. The Evil Queen was further featured in [[Disney Live]]'s ''Three Classic Fairy Tales'' in the section based on the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fayettevillekidsguide.com/parentreviews.php?id=1820|title=Parent Reviews - fayettevillekidsguide.com - Your resource for Parenting, Kids, Birthday party ideas, Family vacations, Events, Family Event, Activities for kids, Summer camps, Kids restaurants, Child care, Day care in Fayetteville, Arkansas|publisher=Fayettevillekidsguide.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscogeemoms.com/2013/12/10/disney-live-three-classic-fairy-tales/|title=Disney Live! Three Classic Fairy Tales - Muscogee Moms|work=Muscogee Moms|accessdate=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103230745/http://www.muscogeemoms.com/2013/12/10/disney-live-three-classic-fairy-tales/|archive-date=January 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Fantasmic! Evil Queen.jpg|thumb|The Queen with her magic cauldron during ''[[Fantasmic!]]'' show in 2013]] In the night-time visual show ''[[Fantasmic!]]'', first played in 1992, the Queen, voiced by Louise Chamis, is the main villain and the leader of all the [[Disney Villains]]. She is introduced in the second act, when her Magic Mirror (voiced by [[Tony Jay]]) tells her that there are now three princesses (Snow White, [[Ariel (Disney character)|Ariel]] and [[Belle (Disney)|Belle]]) fairer than her. Enraged, the Queen transforms herself into a hag<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2012/10/ten-disney-villains-you-can-see-at-walt-disney-world-resort/ |title=Ten Disney Villains You Can See at Walt Disney World Resort « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date=November 2, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> and uses the Mirror and her cauldron to summon various "all the forces of evil"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sQwtEwPDLUC&pg=PA202 |title=Children Under Construction: Critical Essays on Play as Curriculum – Google Boeken |accessdate=May 17, 2014|isbn=9781433106231 |year=2010 |last1=Chappell |first1=Drew }}</ref> in the form of a collection of Disney villains to come to her aid. They include Maleficent, who transforms into a dragon. (In the [[Tokyo DisneySea]] version, she also traps [[Mickey Mouse|Mickey]] inside her mirror.) At the climax of the show, Mickey is able to defeat the dragon and vanquish all the villains with a magic sword. The Witch is the last to die, transforming back into the Queen before she is destroyed. In the ''[[Disney Dream]]'' cruise ship show ''Villains Tonight!'', first played in 2010, [[Hades (Disney)|Hades]] calls forth Disney's most powerful villains for help to regain his evil. The Queen, changing from the Witch form, denies his invitation since Hades also invited Maleficent, her rival for Hades' affections and for the status of "the most evil in the land". The Queen claims not to be Hades' girlfriend, but they just had "an interesting weekend" on [[Castaway Cay]]. In the end, the Queen and Maleficent put their differences aside as all villains should stick together and advise Hades to find evil within himself, and not from others. ===Games=== The Evil Queen is featured in a number of traditional games, albeit usually as a mere obstacle for the players.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2014/03/tek-toothbrush-snow-white-board-game.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Tek Toothbrush 'Snow White' Board Game |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=March 17, 2014 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2015/10/1938-parker-brothers-snow-white-board.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 Parker Brothers Snow White Board Game |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=October 1, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2010/01/1938-milton-bradley-snow-white-board.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 Milton Bradley Snow White Board Game |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=January 14, 2010 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/33944/walt-disneys-snow-white-and-seven-dwarfs-game |title=Walt Disney's Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs Game &#124; Board Game |publisher=BoardGameGeek |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/8513/snow-white-and-seven-dwarfs |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs &#124; Board Game |website=BoardGameGeek.com |date= |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=FC+JM+++30A |title=Délivrez Minnie ! |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 21, 1952 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDCD+52-10 |title=Castle Labyrinth |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1975 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=U+MM+274C |title=Name the Characters Word Puzzle |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=HC+DD2005-23S |title=En nu naar het kasteel! |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> She is, however, playable in some of them, such as ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Game'' in the Disneykins franchise<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2015/11/disneykin-snow-white-game-from-royal.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Disneykin Snow White Game from Royal Gelatin |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=November 22, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> and ''Disney Villains Collector's Edition Monopoly''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/disney-villains-collectors-edition-monopolyreg-game/mp/1263881/1000260/ |title=Disney Villains Collector's Edition Monopoly® Game &#124; Board Games |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811012423/http://www.disneystore.com/disney-villains-collectors-edition-monopolyreg-game/mp/1263881/1000260/ |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}</ref> In 2019, the Evil Queen was added to ''Disney Villainous'' as a playable character in the expansion set ''Wicked to the Core''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pixelkin.org/2019/03/13/disney-villainous-wicked-to-the-core-review/|title=Disney Villainous: Wicked to the Core Review|date=2019-03-13|website=Pixelkin|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref> Jim Razzi's 1985 children's gamebook ''Snow White in the Enchanted Forest (Choose Your Own Adventure: Walt Disney #1)'' features the Prince-like character's confrontations with evil Queen as she is searching for Snow White, who is hiding with the Dwarfs, to "put an end to her, once and for all!"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG001.htm?Pg=000 |title=SNOW WHITE PG001 |publisher=Sciencefictionmuseum.org |accessdate=January 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109000046/http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG001.htm?Pg=000# |archive-date=January 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In it, she has much greater powers than in the film, including being able to instantly change between her hag and queen forms at will,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG018.htm?Pg=008 |title=SNOW WHITE PG018 |publisher=Sciencefictionmuseum.org |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729012902/http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG018.htm?Pg=008# |archive-date=July 29, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> magically disappear in a cloud of smoke,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG019.htm?Pg=018 |title=SNOW WHITE PG019 |publisher=Sciencefictionmuseum.org |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729014020/http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG019.htm?Pg=018# |archive-date=July 29, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> change herself into an animal and back, and turn others into animals with magic beams from her hands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG020.htm?Pg=005 |title=SNOW WHITE PG020 |publisher=Sciencefictionmuseum.org |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729020111/http://sciencefictionmuseum.org/WDCYOASW/WDCYOASWPG020.htm?Pg=005# |archive-date=July 29, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> ====Video games==== The Witch serves as the antagonist in the unreleased ''Snow White'' game for the [[Atari 2600]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atariage.com/software_page.html?SoftwareLabelID=903 |title=Atari 2600 - Snow White (Atari) |publisher=AtariAge |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106055151/http://www.atariage.com/software_page.html?SoftwareLabelID=903 |archive-date=November 6, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2001's ''Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' for the [[Game Boy Color]], the players need first to solve a puzzle minigame for the Queen to consult her mirror, and later to lead the Dwarfs in pursuit of the Witch before she can get back to her castle. The Queen is one of the four Disney Villains that appear in 1999 video game ''[[Disney's Villains' Revenge]]'', voiced by Louise Chamis. [[Jiminy Cricket]] and the player venture into the worlds of the stories to restore the happy endings. In the altered (and game's final) story, where there is no Prince, the Queen (appearing in both of her forms) has built a lair resembling her poisoned apple inside the scary wood, and has put Snow White to eternal sleep in her dungeon and intends to do the same to the Seven Dwarfs. The player needs to correctly mix ingredients for several potions including the True Love Potion to magically summon the Prince and save the day. It is followed by the fight with the Queen where she tries to get away and the player has to reflect her magic ball spells, until she retreats to her lair. There, while asking her mirror, she suddenly transforms into a hag and the mirror breaks. In 2010's video game ''[[Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep]]'', the Queen (voiced by Kyoko Satomi in Japanese and Susanne Blakeslee in English) appears in the Dwarf Woodlands world. She recruits the protagonist [[Terra (Kingdom Hearts)|Terra]] to kill Snow White and bring back her heart in return for allowing him to use the Magic Mirror to locate Master Xehanort. Terra, like the huntsman, ultimately does not go through with this, and the Queen, learning of his betrayal, forces the Mirror to consume him, but Terra manages to fight the Mirror off and the Queen reluctantly gives him the information he looks for. She later appears briefly in Ventus's scenario, where she crosses paths with him on her way to poison Snow White. She drops the poisoned apple, which Ventus returns to her. She notices Ventus's Keyblade and muses that Terra threatened her with a similar weapon. She is then only briefly mentioned in [[Aqua (Kingdom Hearts)|Aqua]]'s storyline, when the Magic Mirror tells Aqua that the Queen is now dead and he is no longer under her control. In 2013's free-to-play mobile game ''Seven Dwarfs: The Queen's Return'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arcadesushi.com/best-disney-movie-apps/ |title=10 Best Disney iOS Games |publisher=Arcadesushi.com |date=November 15, 2013 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> an uncanonical continuation of the film, the Queen has survived the fall at the climax of the film because there was a lake at the bottom of the abyss. She then reverted to her youthful form and, seeking revenge, cast an evil curse on Snow White as well as the dwarfs and their entire forest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.disney.dwarfs_goo |title=Snow White: The Queen's Return – Android-apps op Google Play |date= |accessdate=July 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330103005/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.disney.dwarfs_goo|archivedate=March 30, 2014}}</ref> The game's updates were supposed to allow the players to "meet (and defeat)" the Queen,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com/upcoming-update-what-to-expect/ |title=Upcoming update: What to expect? &#124; Seven Dwarfs – The Queen's return – Complete guide to Disney's mobile game |publisher=Sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com |date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> adding quests involving a search for her hidden hideout<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com/restoring-witch-rock/ |title=Restoring Witch Rock &#124; Seven Dwarfs – The Queen's return – Complete guide to Disney's mobile |publisher=Sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com |date= |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com/finding-and-restoring-queens-alchemy-lab/ |title=Finding and Restoring Queen's Alchemy Lab &#124; Seven Dwarfs – The Queen's return – Complete guide to Disney's mobile |publisher=Sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com |date= |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> to, as promised, "help the Dwarfs rid the enchanted forest of the Evil Queen."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=250347941792754 |title=Tijdlijnfoto's – Seven Dwarfs: The Queen's Return |publisher=Facebook |date=April 27, 2014 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> However, this was ultimately left unresolved as the game was discontinued in May 2014. A 2014 weekly challenge in ''Disney Infinity: Toy Box'' included "Mirror Mirror" obstacle course that pit Snow White against the Evil Queen in a race for the poisonous apple.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://infinity.disney.com/en-apac/news/668 |title=Disney Infinity |publisher=Infinity.disney.com |accessdate=May 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504153929/https://infinity.disney.com/en-apac/news/668 |archive-date=May 4, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Downloadable Queen-themed avatar costumes were made available for the users of the [[PlayStation 3]] and [[Xbox 360]] video game consoles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://help.disney.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/Disney-Universe-Downloadable-Costumes-Villains-Pack-PlayStation-3-Xbox-360-1390184998623 |title=Disney Interactive Support – Disney Universe – Downloadable Costumes: Villains Pack (PlayStation®3, Xbox 360®) |publisher=Help.disney.com |date=January 21, 2014 |accessdate=May 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504153929/http://help.disney.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/Disney-Universe-Downloadable-Costumes-Villains-Pack-PlayStation-3-Xbox-360-1390184998623 |archivedate=May 4, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dgarden&field-keywords=Disney%20Snow%20White%20Evil%20Queen |title=Disney Snow White Evil Queen: Home & Kitchen |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> A webcam browser game ''Become Your Inner Villain'' hosted on Disneyland Resort's [[Facebook]] page enables the player turn into one of four villains including the Evil Queen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2009/10/become-your-inner-villain/ |title=Become your Inner Villain! « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> Her dungeon and laboratory (complete with the Mirror) are featured in the online game ''Aaah-Choo''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://games.disney.com/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-aaah-choo |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Aaah Choo! &#124; Disney Games |publisher=Games.disney.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610222859/http://games.disney.com/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-aaah-choo |archive-date=June 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the 1990 video game ''[[Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse]]'', an old witch named Mizrabel takes the form of the Evil Queen after draining the youth from [[Minnie Mouse]]. In 2012's ''[[Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion]]'', the previously defeated Mizrabel returns to transform into various Disney villains, including the Queen,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendo-master.com/test-444.htm|title=Epic Mickey : Power of Illusion - Test Nintendo 3DS - Nintendo Master|publisher=Nintendo-master.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> before setting on Maleficent. In 2013's [[Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse (2013 video game)|HD remake of ''Castle of Illusion'']], Mizrabel looks like a cross between the Queen and Maleficent in her youthful form and professes her ambition to be "the fairest of them all". ===Literature=== In the 1949 audiobook release, the Queen (voiced by [[Eleanor Audley]]) wears a yellow dress and a red cape. She tells the Huntsman to take Snow White to the forest and leave her there to die. In the end of the book, after being chased by the dwarfs, the Queen dies when she slips while climbing the mountain and falls into the sea. The Queen's story from the film is itself subject of the 2018 storybook release ''Disney Villains: The Evil Queen''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/enwiki/w/disney-villains-disney-book-group/1128587205?type=eBook|title=Disney Villains: The Evil Queen{{!}}NOOK Book|last=Noble|first=Barnes &|website=Barnes & Noble|language=en|access-date=2019-03-24}}</ref> One chapter in [[Todd Strasser]]'s 1993 ''Disney's the Villains Collection/Stories from the Films'' is dedicated to ''Snow White'' and the Queen. She is also a subject of one of the illustrated books in the Disney Princess series ''My Side of the Story'', titled ''Snow White/The Queen'' (2004), which portrays her as a misunderstood positive character.<ref>{{Cite book|asin=0786834641 |title=Disney Princess: My Side of the Story – Snow WhiteThe Queen – Book #2: Daphne Skinner, Atelier Philippe Harchy, John Kurtz: 0725961034641: Amazon.com: Books |date= }}</ref> The novel ''Fairest of All: A Tale of the Wicked Queen'' by Serena Valentino, published by [[Disney Press]] in 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.disney.com/book/fairest-of-all/ |title=Fairest of All &#124; Disney Publishing Worldwide |publisher=Books.disney.com |date=August 18, 2009 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> tells a story much more sympathetic to the Queen than most other Disney media. The book shows how the Queen became the villain from the film, much in the style of ''[[Batman: The Killing Joke|The Killing Joke]]'', with the Magic Mirror, here possessed by the spirit of her abusive father, having been a corrupting influence. According to the book, her mother was a witch and the King died in a war against another kingdom prior to the events of the film. After her husband's death, the Queen slowly descends into madness. By the end of the novel, Snow White gets the mirror and the Queen becomes the spirit inside the mirror after her death in the film. The Queen is one of the Overtakers, villains of ''[[The Kingdom Keepers]]'' novel series. She was introduced in 2011 in the fourth book of the saga, ''Power Play'', alongside Cruella De Vil. Like Maleficent, she is very powerful and is able to cast almost any spell with a flick of her finger; she can also transform herself and other characters. In ''Power Play'', when Maleficent and [[Chernabog]] are captured by the Keepers, the Queen becomes the new leader of the Overtakers. [[Melissa de la Cruz]] wrote the ''Descendants'' prequel novel ''Isle of the Lost''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/21992/20140703/descendants-news-melissa-de-la-cruz-writing-prequel-get-a-sneak-peek-of-kristen-chenoweth-as-maleficent-see-pic.htm |title=Descendants News: Melissa De La Cruz Writing PREQUEL, Get A SNEAK PEEK Of Kristen Chenoweth as Maleficent [SEE PIC&#93; : The Eye : Fashion & Style |publisher=Fashionnstyle.com |date=July 3, 2014 |accessdate=August 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703224134/http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/21992/20140703/descendants-news-melissa-de-la-cruz-writing-prequel-get-a-sneak-peek-of-kristen-chenoweth-as-maleficent-see-pic.htm# |archive-date=July 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In that book, it is revealed that the Evil Queen once tried to overthrow Maleficent as the ruler of the Isle. ===Comics=== The 1937–1938 film tie-in serial comic strip "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" written by [[Merrill De Maris]], one of the writers of the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=ZS+3701 |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> is centred primarily around the relationship between Snow White and the Queen. It further explores the source of the Queen's descent into a murderous envy, as she learns that the Prince came to her castle seeking the most beautiful woman in all the world and is shocked when he says he meant Snow White. Like in the abandoned film concept, the Queen (here actually named Grimhilde) has the Prince arrested. In her Witch form, she later tells the captive Prince that she is going to get rid of Snow White and make him hers, while the Prince is defiant and calls her a "miserable hag".<ref name=wdm/> This scene is followed by his escape from prison, in much less dramatic circumstances than the film's drowning concept.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kennetti.fi/sw_scariest6.html |title=THE FAIREST ...AND THE SCARIEST OF THEM ALL: The 1937 Merrill De Maris Comic Book |publisher=Kennetti.fi |date=July 22, 2010 |accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> The film was further adapted into an other comics including in 1969,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+CWD++++5-B |title=Branca de Neve |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1969 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> 1973,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2017/04/1973-le-journal-de-mickey-no-1119.html|title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1973 Le Journal de Mickey - No. 1119|date=2017-04-23|website=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> 1983,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=ZT+115|title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> and 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=E+GN+93-02|title=Blanche Neige et les sept nains|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> There is a number of comics set in the film's world. One early comic ''Pamuk Prenses ile Sevimli Prens'' (1942) tells of the further adventures of Snow White and Prince Charming, as the Witch returns to put a spell on the latter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=Xtr%2FAT+++1A |title=Pamuk Prenses ile Sevimli Prens |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 30, 1942 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esquiloscans.com.br/?a=26 |title=EsquiloScans |publisher=EsquiloScans |date=December 20, 1955 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In one American 1944 sequel comic, the dead Queen's castle is taken over by her brother, the Wicked Prince.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/character.php?c=The+wicked+prince&c1=code|title=The wicked prince|publisher=|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref> Later comics usually feature the Queen in her Witch incarnation,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC++47-04 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1944 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CP++++4-10 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1952 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=YC+6601 |title=Snow White's Christmas Surprise |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CP++++1-02 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1949 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=YC+8201 |title=The Mysterious Christmas Spell |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=YC+8701 |title=Snow White's Sinister Christmas Gift |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> often with her still trying to eliminate either Snow White ("The Seven Dwarfs and Thumper",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC++45-04 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1944 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "No Ritmo Da Bruxa",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+73261 |title=No Ritmo Da Bruxa |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1974 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "A Maçã Superenfeitiçada",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+770191 |title=A Maçã Superenfeitiçada |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1977 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "Kerstverhaal"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=H+2013-247 |title=Kerstverhaal |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>) or the dwarfs ("The Enchanted Mountain",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CGW+Z+3-01 |title=The Enchanted Mountain |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "Halloween"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=H+2011-151 |title=Halloween |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 24, 2014 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>). Such stories include [[Jack Bradbury]]'s stand-alone 1958 comics ''Mystery of the Missing Magic''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+SNG+++1-00 |title=Mystery of the Missing Magic |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> and ''A New Adventure of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+BGW+++1-00 |title=A New Adventure of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In the comic "The Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-Queen",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=ZT+018 |title=The Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-queen |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> the Witch shrinks all the dwarfs except of Dopey who manages to save his brothers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2015/08/seven-dwarfs-and-witch-queen-1958.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: "Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-Queen" 1958 Sunday Comic |publisher=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> In "A Pirate's Tale" (aka "The Pirate"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++227-02 |title=The Pirate |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=May 1, 1949 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>), the greedy old Witch transforms herself into a rat as she plans to steal a treasure and turn the dwarfs into cheese and eat them, but Dopey destroys her with a cat.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2012/07/seven-dwarfs-1949-four-color-comic.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Seven Dwarfs 1949 Four Color Comic (A Pirate's Tale) |publisher=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=July 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> Usually under the alias the Witch, she often comes back to interact (usually to antagonize, but sometimes also to occasionally cooperating with protagonistic characters) with other Disney characters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DDID++1-06 |title=Fantasyland |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1955 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=YC+7301 |title=A Castle for Christmas |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+LT++++1-03 |title=The Enchanted Forest |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1955 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++53-08 |title=A Matter of Luck |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDCD+30-03 |title=The Snake Skin Belt |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1971 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+73111 |title=Mal Me Quer, Bem Me Quer |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+840079 |title=Assalto Cheio De História |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=January 23, 1986 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=F+JM+05221 |title=Le cauchemard de Halloween |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 26, 2005 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=H+2015-010 |title=75 jaar |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++33-02 |title=Bad Deed Club's Annual Picnic |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> She has appeared in the comics of many characters, including [[Daisy Duck]]'s nieces April, May and June,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++39-05 |title=The Bewitched Dolls |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++55-09 |title=Wee Witches |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> the [[Beagle Boys]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+BB++++4-04 |title=The Undercover Candy Caper |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1966 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=S+68006 |title=Crime Convention |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 9, 1968 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+BB+++18-01 |title=The Seven Dwarfs' Diamond Mine Job |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1973 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=D+2002-172 |title=Bad Guys At The Ball |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 27, 2004 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Br'er Rabbit]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+KGA+++4-01 |title=A Kite Tail |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CPGK++1-05 |title=Hoodwinked Helper |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1962 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDCD+10-02 |title=The Ranchin' Rabbit |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1969 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Chip 'n Dale]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+241-03 |title=House Guests |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++39-08 |title=Too Few Clues |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+240-03 |title=Too Many Witches |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+246-03 |title=Dull Kinda Danger |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CND++25-05 |title=The Shock Treatment |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++517-02 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1953 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++581-05 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1954 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+54-04 |title=The Magic Beanstalk |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1978 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+459-02 |title=The House Guest |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1978 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+59-01 |title=Outwitting the Witch |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 1, 1979 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+76-02 |title=The Bewitched Tree |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1982 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+77-01 |title=Fly Guys |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1982 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Donald Duck]] & [[Mickey Mouse]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++47-01 |title=In Vacationland |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+71-04 |title=The Lost Jingle-Jangle |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1981 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+78-02 |title=Witch Tricks |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1552-A |title=L'incredibile avventura di Topolino |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 25, 1985 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1706-A |title=Topolino e l'incredibile naniversario |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 7, 1988 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=D+2003-181 |title=Hotel Transylvania |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 15, 2004 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=D+2003-311 |title=Party Monsters |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=January 4, 2006 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+2908-3 |title=La voce del popolo |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 23, 2011 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+2937-2P |title=Topolino e la saga burocratica |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 13, 2012 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Goofy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+MMAlm+1-02 |title=February Foolery |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1957 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+SG+++48-02 |title=The Mysterious Pickpocket |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1978 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+SG+++14-02 |title=The Case of the Weird Web |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1970 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+SG+++19-02 |title=The Mysterious Black Pearl Ring |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1971 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=D+2008-062 |title=Spaghetti and Goofballs |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 27, 2009 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Huey, Dewey, and Louie]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DG+++52-08 |title=He Went Thataway |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+AT++278-A |title=Qui, Quo, Qua e il "meeting" dei miti |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1980 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1755-C |title=La buona stella di Paperino |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 16, 1989 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1883-A |title=Paperino in: "La storia (in)finita" |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 29, 1991 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Jiminy Cricket]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDCD+20-24 |title=Glitter Bug |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1970 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1877-A |title=Topolino e la dimensione F |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 17, 1991 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[José Carioca]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+75161 |title=A Inimiga Do Natal |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 12, 1975 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> Mickey & Minnie Mouse,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDCD+25-07 |title=The Youth Machine |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1970 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+2090-1 |title=Topolino e l'enigma di Cartunia |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 19, 1995 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Li'l Bad Wolf]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+146-02 |title=Halloween Haunting |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1952 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++564-02 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1954 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+171-04 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1954 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+185-03 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1956 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+269-04 |title=A Wolf at the Door |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1963 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> [[Tinker Bell]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++896-03 |title=The Grounded Witch |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1958 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+434-04 |title=The Guardian Pixie |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1976 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> and the Three Little Pigs,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++218-02 |title=The Wonderful Magic Lamp |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1949 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CND++14-05 |title=The Broom Boom |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1958 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> as well as her fellow witches such as Madam Mim from ''[[The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)|The Sword in the Stone]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+308-02 |title=The Clan Bake |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=May 1, 1966 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> Witch Hazel from ''[[Trick or Treat (1952 film)|Trick or Treat]]'', and [[Magica De Spell]] (especially in Brazilian comics).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+315-07 |title=Witch Bait |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1966 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=BC+DE++++2 |title=As Bruxas |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1972 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+74495 |title=O Presidente Das Bruxas |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 13, 1975 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+72073 |title=O Feitiço Virou Contra A Feiticeira |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 16, 1973 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+75225 |title=Bruxo Não Entra |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1976 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=BC+DE+++32 |title=As Feiticeiras |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1977 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+770248 |title=A Má Magali |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1978 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+BB++++1-05 |title=Organized Grime |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1964 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=Qfi%2FAA1980-14A |title=Toimituksen noitanurkka |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 2, 1980 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+790038 |title=Um Amor De Presente |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 1, 1980 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+800010 |title=O Feitiço Das Manchas Na Cara |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+810240 |title=Paramales A Você |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1983 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+820018 |title=O Bandido Do Ano |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1983 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+850007 |title=Tremendo Som |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1985 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=Xpt%2FBDE+15 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> She also starred with the [[Big Bad Wolf (Disney)|Big Bad Wolf]] in the 1970s-1980's comics series ''The Big Bad Wolf & The Wicked Witch'', including "Mirror Mirror",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=S+70127 |title=Mirror Mirror |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "Witch Switch",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+470-02 |title=Witch Switch |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1979 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "The Apple Caper",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+504-02 |title=The Apple Caper |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "The High-Hopping Wolf",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+502-03 |title=The High-Hopping Wolf |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "Double Trouble",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+497-02 |title=Double Trouble |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 1, 1982 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> and "Getting the Boot".<ref name="inducks1">{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+510-02 |title=Getting the Boot |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> Several comics include the Witch kidnapping another Disney character, either to be her slave or to exchange them for something, until they are rescued. Example of this include her abducting, besides Snow White ("Diamond Dust Dilemma",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CP++++9-05 |title=Diamond Dust Dilemma |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1958 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "The Weather Witch"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CDGK+53-01 |title=The Weather Witch |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 1, 1978 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>), such characters as Chip 'n' Dale ("Witch Convention"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+223-03 |title=Witch Convention |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1959 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>), Tinker Bell ("Pixie Dust Dilemma",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+239-03 |title=Pixie Dust Dilemma |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "The Big Bust-out"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDCD+51-05 |title=The Big Bust-out |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1975 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>), and ''[[Dumbo]]'' characters ("Dumbo",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC++61-11 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1945 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "The Chips Are Flying",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++636-04 |title=The Chips Are Flying |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 1, 1955 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "A Witch in Time"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CND++22-01 |title=A Witch in Time |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>). The Witch also captures Dumbo in "Dumbo l'échappe belle",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=F+DSQM049-2 |title=Dumbo l'échappe belle |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> but is defeated by Mickey and [[Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear|Br'er Bear]] and imprisoned by the Dwarfs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneylandrecords.com/dumbo/70049/ |title=70.049 Dumbo E'Lchappe Belle |publisher=DisneylandRecords.com |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In "The Gingerbread House", the Witch captures the [[Wicked Witch of the West]]'s children Witch Child and Warlock whom Magica De Spell was tasked to look after.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=S+67065 |title=The Gingerbread House |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1970 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> Another recurring motif is the Witch's attempts to turn characters into gold, for example [[Pinocchio]] ("The Magic Brew"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+VP++++5-09 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=July 1, 1954 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>) or all the forest animals ( "Get Rich Witch"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CND++30-06 |title=Get Rich Witch |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 1, 1962 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>). She may also simply try to steal the treasures, from either the Dwarfs ("Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DISBP+1-04 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 1, 1958 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "Verjongingsdrank"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=H+2012-155 |title=Verjongingsdrank |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref>) or other characters ("Black Magic Menace",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+320-04 |title=Black Magic Menace |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=May 1, 1967 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "Pursuit of Plunder"<ref name="inducks1"/>). In a prequel story ''Battle of Wits and Witches'', the Queen turns into the hag to steal a diamond from the Dwarfs but is foiled by Mickey and Goofy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+MM++111-07 |title=Battle of Wits and Witches |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1967 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> She also repeatedly attempts to ruin Christmas, like in "The Golden Christmas Tree" where she lures Huey, Dewey and Louie to her lair use their tear drops in a magic potion to destroy all the Christmas trees in the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+OS++203-02 |title=The Golden Christmas Tree |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=June 30, 1948 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> or in "Delivery Problems" where she plots to put Santa Claus' reindeer to sleep.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=D+89259 |title=Delivery Problems |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 13, 1990 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In the ''[[Walt Disney's Comics and Stories]]'' parody of ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]'', "The Wizard of Bahs" by [[Vic Lockman]] and Strobl,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+307-01 |title=The Wizard of Bahs |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 1, 1966 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> the Witch is unexpectedly turned into an old tree trunk by [[Daisy Duck]] while her castle turns to sand.<ref>{{cite web|last=White |first=Snow |url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2011/07/seven-dwarfs-meet-land-of-ozcomic-book.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: "Wizard of Bahs" - Walt Disney Comic, April 1966 |website=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=July 11, 2011 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> In "The Captured Castle", the Witch captures Cinderella's castle,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+VID+++1-03 |title=The Captured Castle |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=August 1, 1958 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> while in "It's Snow Joke" she turns Dale's snowdragon alive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+232-03 |title=It's Snow Joke |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=January 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> and Chip 'n' Dale steal her flying powder in "The Magic Spell".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+CND++24-05 |title=The Magic Spell |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 1, 1960 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> The Witch's magic wand is obtained by Goofy in "Magic-Mender"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DD++109-05 |title=Magic-Mender |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1966 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> and stolen by the Big Bad Wolf in "The Magic Wand".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+506-02 |title=The Magic Wand |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In "The Haunted House Caper", the Witch turns Donald Duck's house into a haunted one,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+326-01 |title=The Haunted House Caper |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=November 1, 1967 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> a story continued in "13 Blackcat Road".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+DD++121-04 |title=13 Blackcat Road |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=September 1, 1968 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In ''O Sindicato Das Bruxas'', [[José Carioca]] fights against her syndicate of witches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=B+ZC++533-B |title=O Sindicato Das Bruxas |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=January 23, 1962 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In "The Washed-up Witch",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+MMIFA+1-04 |title=The Washed-up Witch |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=May 1, 1957 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> she ends up deprived of her powers and accepting [[Scrooge McDuck]]'s offer to become his private secretary,<ref>{{cite web|last=Schmidt |first=Alex |url=http://www.cracked.com/blog/fan-theory-shady-disney-diamond-cabal-finally-exposed_p2/ |title=Why The 7 Dwarfs Were Slaves Of Scrooge McDuck |publisher=Cracked.com |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=James E. Daniels |url=http://jedaniels-adventures.blogspot.com/2009/02/disney-comics-crossover.html |title=J.E. Daniels' Animated Topics & Headlines: Disney Comics Crossover |publisher=Jedaniels-adventures.blogspot.com |date=February 12, 2009 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> while Mickey hires the Witch as a babysitter for [[Morty and Ferdie]] in "The Sitter Solution".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+MM+++82-07 |title=The Sitter Solution |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1962 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> The Queen also appears as one of the villains in the 2005 Disney manga series ''[[Kilala Princess]]'' by Rika Tanaka and Nao Kodaka, where the protagonists Rei and Kilala Reno find themselves in the world of Snow White, and meet and befriend the princess. They go the Queen's castle to ask the Magic Mirror how to find Kilala's friend Erika, but discover the Queen is still alive (and even commanding the two vultures, as well as wolves) as she appears and demands Kilala's magical tiara. The children try to flee but are attacked by wolves and locked up in the dungeon, where the Queen transforms into the Witch and prepares to turn Kilala into an ugly creature. Snow White appears and agrees to sacrifice herself to save them, but Kilala stops her at last moment before she can eat a poison apple; Rei then attacks the Queen, who falls into her cauldron, turns into a vulture, and flies away in a defeat. ====Italian comics==== Many stories have been first published in Italian Disney digest comic series,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/character.php?c=Queen+from+SW&c1=date|title=The evil queen|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> in particular in ''[[Topolino]]''. They include "The Seven Dwarfs and the Evil Witch" (''I Sette Nani e la Strega Malvagia''), "Snow White and the Broken Mirror" (''Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++197-B |title=Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=October 25, 1958 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> "The Seven Dwarfs and the Spell of the Queen" (''I Sette Nani e l'incantesimo della regina''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++316-B|title=I Sette Nani e l'incantesimo della regina|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> "Snow White and the Castle of Four Winds" (''Biancaneve al castello dei quattro venti''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++300-B|title=Biancaneve al castello dei quattro venti|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> "The Seven Dwarfs and the Heroic Antieve" (''I Sette Nani e l'eroica antivigilia''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+AT+++72-A&pg=1|title=I Sette Nani e l'eroica antivigilia|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> "The Seven Dwarfs and the Brew of Seven Herbs" (''I Sette Nani e l'infuso delle sette erbe'' aka "The Seven Herbs Spell!"),<ref name=rs1>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+AT+++84-A|title=I 7 nani e l'infuso delle 7 erbe|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> "Snow White and the Silver Rose" (''Biancaneve e la rosa d'argento''),<ref name=rs2>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+AT+++95-C|title=Biancaneve e la rosa d'argento|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> and "The Seven Dwarfs and the Joker Wizard" (''I Sette Nani e il mago burlone''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++581-A |title=I Sette Nani e il mago burlone |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=January 15, 1967 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> among others. In Italian Disney comics, the Queen in her youthful form is usually wearing a red robe and is often shown using a [[crystal ball]] to spy on the good characters.<ref name="rs1" /><ref name="rs2" /><ref name="rs3" /> "Snow White and the Shattered Mirror" (''Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++197-B|title=Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> has the old Witch, terminally ill, discover she has only one day to live, but she refuses to accept her destiny and finds a way to conquer death. In "Goofy the Magician and the Seven Dwarfs" (''Pippo mago e i Sette Nani''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++148-B|title=Pippo mago e i Sette Nani|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> the young Queen's four goon henchmen attack the dwarfs and steal their treasure but then decide to keep it for themselves and Grimhilde seeks help from the wizard Abracadabro to stop their run; eventually, it is the Prince who defeats the robbers. In other comics, the Queen works specifically to magically hurt Snow White and others in various cruel ways. "Donald Fracasse" (''Paperin Fracassa'') is a parody of the adventure film ''[[Captain Fracasse (1961 film)|Captain Fracasse]]'' in which Snow White is blinded by the Queen and Donald Duck needs to heal her. In "The Seven Dwarfs and Christmas in Danger" (''I Sette Nani e il Natale in pericolo''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1777-A |title=I Sette Nani e il Natale in pericolo |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=December 17, 1989 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> the Queen goes to steal a comet stardust as the last ingredient for her spell to destroy Snow White. In another Christmas story, "The Seven Dwarfs and the Christmas Spell" (''Il Sette Nani e l'incantesimo di Natale'', the Queen works to turn Snow White's son into a Christmas tree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2017-12-25T12:30:00-06:00&max-results=4&start=12&by-date=false|title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive|website=filmic-light.blogspot.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> Many of the ''Topolino'' Snow White comics were the works of [[Romano Scarpa]]. His comic "The Seven Dwarfs and King Arbor's Crystal" (''I Sette Nani e il cristallo di Re Arbor'') provides an explanation as to how the Queen would have survived her apparent death in the film (as some branches and bushes eased the fall and she was rescued by her loyal guards) and why she could not change back to her normal self (as her castle was burned down by the Huntsman and her book of magic is gone). In this story, Grimhilde (Grimilde) enlists the aid of her great admirer and past suitor, the evil King Arbor of Vegetalia, in a plot to use a magic crystal device to swap her old body with Snow White's.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1571-A|title=I 7 Nani e il cristallo di Re Arbor|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/romano-scarpa/i-sette-nani-e-il-cristallo-di-re-arbor-AtTBgZb3p6ILxeoWUkWcDg2|title=I Sette Nani e il cristallo di re Arbor|publisher=Artnet.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> The intrigue is foiled by the dwarves who destroy the crystal, and the resigned Arbor allows the Witch to live with him, saying he will try to remember she ''was'' "the most beautiful among queens". The uneasy relationship between Grimhilde and Abor continued in the comic "The Seven Dwarfs and the Fountainhead" (''I Sette nani e la fonte meravigliosa''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lospaziobianco.it/3104-set-romano-scarpa|title=Sul set di Romano Scarpa|author=Luca Boschi|work=Lo Spazio Bianco|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1622-A|title=I 7 Nani e la fonte meravigliosa|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> in which she desperately attempts to regain her youth, but instead only turns into a childlike version of her Witch form for a short time. Other comics by Romano Scarpa have the Queen in her youthful body,<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2015/05/overview-of-romano-scarpas-snow-white.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Overview of Romano Scarpa's Snow White Comics |publisher=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=May 25, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> and even in other shapes, and command various minions. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Birtch Ring" (''I Sette Nani e l'anello di betulla'' by Romano Scarpa),<ref name=rs6>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++238-A|title=I Sette Nani e l'anello di betulla|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> the Queen learns about the eighth Dwarf named Ginger (Zenzero), who has left his companions to go in search of fortune traveling the world, and transforms into a pixie calling herself Fagottina to send him home and sow discord among his brothers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanoscarpa.net/tag/i-7-nani-e-lanello-di-betulla/|title=I 7 nani e l'anello di betulla Archives - Romano Scarpa|work=Romano Scarpa|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Wolf's Cliff" (''I Sette Nani e la balza del lupo''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++412-B|title=I Sette Nani e la balza del lupo|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> she sends a gang of three bandits (Bragia, Sghembo and Schidione) to kidnap Snow White. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Throne of Diamonds" (''I Sette Nani e il trono di diamanti''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++172-BP |title=I Sette Nani e il trono di diamanti |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> Jiminy Cricket is deeply enamored by the Queen's beauty and attempts to convince her to become good, but the Queen refuses to be redeemed and orders her loyal soldiers to steal the throne the Dwarfs make for Snow White in a plot to turn her rival into an old woman. Eventually, the Queen is captured by another witch named Tardona and Snow White is restored to her youth. Several stories by Scarpa and others have the Queen meet her actual end in various ways, usually involving being defeated by Dopey. In Scarpa's three-part "Snow White and the Green Flame" (''Biancaneve e verde fiamma''),<ref name=rs3>{{cite web|url=http://filmic-light.blogspot.com/2015/05/snow-white-and-green-flame-ruby-by.html |title=Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: "Snow White and the Green Flame Ruby" by Romano Scarpa (1953) |publisher=Filmic-light.blogspot.com |date=May 27, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+++78-AP |title=Biancaneve e verde fiamma |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=IC+CCD++21 |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 14, 1994 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fumettologica.it/2014/01/biancaneve-e-verde-fiamma-lesordio-di-romano-scarpa-su-topolino/|title=Biancaneve e verde fiamma, l'esordio di Romano Scarpa su Topolino|work=Fumettologica|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> the Queen proudly flies on a broom to the great gathering of witches, but is met with a very different welcome than she excepted: the other attendees declare that her shameful inability to deal with just a little girl and a few dwarfs has disgraced them all and so she should be punished for this according to the laws of Hell. When the Queen begs the High Witch for mercy, she is given a magic wand with the power of transformation and is told that, if she fails to succeed this time anyway, she herself will be turned into a magic broom for a more "honorable" witch to fly on. Desperate to avoid her sentence, the Queen uses this wand to gain trust of Snow White and to turn her a figurine, then takes the form of the princess to ambush the dwarfs and do the same with them. But Dopey escapes and he alone manages to outwit the Queen as she waits for the Prince's arrival to complete her work. After a fight, he takes hold of her wand and uses it to restore his friends and to foil the last gamble of the Queen, who is herself first transformed into the figurine then does turn into a broom by the High Witch's curse. Scarpa's "Snow White and the Chained Fairy" (''I Sette Nani e la fata incatenata'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+AT+++36-A|title=I Sette Nani e la fata incatenata|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> begins Grimhilde flying to strike down Snow White with a thunderbolt, but the princess is saved by the fairy named Fawn. The Queen captures Fawn in a cavern and the dwarfs struggle to free the fairy. The Queen takes on many forms trying to thwart them in various ways, and one-by-one the dwarfs sacrifice their lives until only Dopey remains. But then he manages to win magical water that brings back all of them to life, and the freed fairy's magic makes the cavern collapse down on the Queen to make sure she will never hurt anyone again. The Queen also again transforms into a pixie in his "Snow White and Easter in the Woods" (''Biancaneve e la Pasqua nel bosco''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++334-A |title=Biancaneve e la Pasqua nel bosco |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=April 22, 1962 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> where, after her attempt to kill Snow White with magic is foiled by woodland creatures, the Queen is so enraged that she calls upon the infernal powers to "take her" and her castle burns into flames and crumbles around her. "Snow White and the Bewitched Dress" (''Biancaneve e l'abito stregato'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL++435-A |title=Biancaneve e l'abito stregato |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=March 29, 1964 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> has the Queen magically disguise herself as an old Gypsy to give Snow White a cursed dress and capture her, then starts her work on the spell to rid of the dwarfs and all the forest creatures. But Dopey infiltrates her castle, frees Snow White, and locks up the Queen in her laboratory set ablaze. After he and the princess escape, the whole castle with the Queen trapped in it is consumed by fire and explodes. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Covenant of the Queen" (''I Sette Nani e il patto della regina''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1935-AP|title=I Sette Nani e il patto della regina|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> she conjures the demon Shadow Lord Oren and makes a pact with him to take the soul of Snow White. She once again attempts to eliminate Snow White with the help of seven evil dwarfs, but in doing so she burns ends up burning all of her vital energy and Oren takes her with him to Hell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digilander.iol.it/lucianogatto/Storie/1990-1999/patreg.htm|title=I Sette Nani e il patto della Regina|publisher=Digilander.iol.it|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> "The Seven Dwarfs and the Christmas Fairy" (''I Sette Nani e la fatina di Natale'') presents a scenario in which the Queen successfully casts a forever-sleep enchantment on Snow White again, but, while trying to zap Dopey, she then accidentally falls victim of her own witchcraft. The titular Christmas Fairy wakes up Snow White and leaves the Queen to her Sleeping Beauty style fate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digilander.iol.it/lucianogatto/Storie/1990-1999/fatnat.htm|title=I Sette Nani e la Fatina di Natale|publisher=Digilander.iol.it|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=I+TL+1830-A|title=I Sette Nani e la fatina di Natale|publisher=Coa.inducks.org|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> ===Merchandise=== The character has been featured in a wide variety of Disney merchandise, such as in the Designer Villains series of limited edition dolls and make-up products, or the Wickedly Beautiful entry in the Beautifully Disney collection of cosmetic products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparksmerchandise.com/parksauthentic/beautifully-disney/ |title=Beautifully Disney &#124; Collections By Disney |publisher=Disneyparksmerchandise.com |accessdate=May 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504172242/http://disneyparksmerchandise.com/parksauthentic/beautifully-disney/ |archivedate=May 4, 2014 }}</ref> Various other such merchandise include many dolls,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-classic-doll-12/mp/1354950/1000259/ |title=Evil Queen Classic Doll – 12'' &#124; Dolls |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727071448/http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-classic-doll-12/mp/1354950/1000259/ |archivedate=July 27, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00EVX1BN2/ |title=Disney Villain Classics Evil Queen Doll: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002UQE8UU/ |title=Disney Snow White EVIL QUEEN Barbie Doll – Limited Edition Great Villains 4th in Series (1998): Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00BH4XRBW/ |title=Evil Queen ~12" Doll – Disney Princess Classic Doll Collection: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A85Z5FC/ |title=Evil Queen Disney Villains Designer Collection Doll: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0028IHDAW/ |title=Vintage Disney Snow White the Evil Queen 12" Fashion Doll: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000FNMQMM/ |title=Snow White's Evil Queen: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> figurines/statuettes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disneystore.com/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-figurine-by-jim-shore/mp/1302821/1000276/ |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ''The One That Started Them All'' Figurine by Jim Shore &#124; Figurines & Keepsakes |publisher=Disney Store |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.disneystore.co.uk/disney/store/DSIProductDisplay?isSingleMatch=true&catalogId=10002&langId=-11&productId=62309&catalogFromSearch=10002&storeId=30053&N=1000272 |title=Evil Queen Figurine By Disney Showcase Haute-Couture &#124; Disney Figurines |publisher=Disney Store |date=June 16, 2014 |accessdate=July 22, 2014 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00427VWTU/ |title=WDCC Snow White Evil Queen: Enthroned Evil – Collectible Figurines |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0042K4ARI/ |title=WDCC Evil Queen Bring Back Her Heart – Collectible Figurines |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B008HPT7UY/ |title=Grand Jester Studios Evil Queen Figurine, 8-Inch – Collectible Figurines |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00KB0Z9BE/ |title=Funko Pop! Snow White Evil Queen Grimhilde Vinyl Figure: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00M0DQG4E/ |title=Disney Parks Wicked Queen from Snow White Figurine Ornament NEW |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AFDZLXI |title=Disney Snow White Evil Queens Statue Set by David Kracov & EFX: Patio, Lawn & Garden |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0026XHNAY/ |title=Disney – Snow White & The Severn Dwarfs – Wicked Queen – Figure 4'': Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DSPK1Z8/ |title=Disney Snow White Exclusive 3 inch PVC Figurine Wicked Queen: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> costumes,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00006CFCY/ |title=Std Size Women (12–14) – Disneys TM Snow White EVIL Queen Costume: Adult Sized Costumes: Clothing |date=November 9, 2010 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00C6U9KG2/ |title=Leg Avenue Costumes Disney 3Pc.Evil Queen Includes Dress Belt and Crown Head Piece: Clothing |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FI1RKR2/ |title=Disney Halloween The Wicked Queen (Snow White) – Card Face Mask – Licensed Pr...: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00EPNWF60/ |title=250180 Evil Queen Hat: Sun Hats: Clothing |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> clothing items,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pinterest.com/blackmilkpins/princesses-and-villains/ |title=Princesses and Villains on Pinterest &#124; 73 Pins |publisher=Pinterest.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719102337/http://www.pinterest.com/blackmilkpins/princesses-and-villains |archive-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=dead }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.wetseal.com/evil-queen-tank-48344876.html |title=Evil Queen Tank |publisher=WetSeal |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809025522/http://www.wetseal.com/evil-queen-tank-48344876.html# |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/villainous-tees-and-pockets-of-disney-character-coming-to-disney-parks-this-fall/ |title=Villainous Tees and Pockets of Disney Character Coming to Disney Parks This Fall « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.hottopic.com/hottopic/PopCulture/CartoonRetro//Disney+Snow+White+Evil+Queen+Pullover+Top-182784.jsp |title=Disney Snow White Evil Queen Pullover Top |publisher=Hot Topic |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.hottopic.com/hottopic/Girls/Hosiery/Socks/Disney+Snow+White+Evil+Queen+Crew+Socks+2+Pair-10137970.jsp |title=Disney Snow White Evil Queen Crew Socks 2 Pair |publisher=Hot Topic |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IO615DI/ |title=Missy Fashion T Shirt Villains Beware: Clothing |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CR5H5W2/ |title=Disney Parks Evil Queen ''Wicked Princess'' Snow White Hooded Sweatshirt Jacket: Clothing |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> watches/clocks/mirrors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-watch-for-adults-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/mp/1327091/1000302/?&typeAhead=1 |title=Evil Queen Watch for Adults – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs &#124; Watches |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811021955/http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-watch-for-adults-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/mp/1327091/1000302/?&typeAhead=1 |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/11/celebrating-artists-among-us-at-the-disneyland-resort/ |title=Celebrating 'Artists Among Us' at the Disneyland Resort « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003D3WQT4/ |title=Disney Women's VL2001 Evil Queen Silver Dial Silver-Tone Charm Watch: Watches |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DD58TRU/ |title=Hallmark Disney Especially Evil DYG9714 Evil Queen Desk Mirror : Other Products : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> key chains/blanks,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JXZ1G3S/ |title=Buckle Down Disney's Snow White Evil Queen Grimhilde Seatbelt Keychain: Clothing |date=July 11, 2014 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00KAJ94VC/ |title=Disney Villains "Evil Queen" Keychain/Dangler – Limited Availability: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CWD40JA/ |title=Evil Queen Kwikset KW1 House Key Disney New – Home Decor Products |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> mugs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-mug-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/mp/1358648/1000350/?&typeAhead=1 |title=Evil Queen Mug – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs &#124; Drinkware |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811022047/http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-mug-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/mp/1358648/1000350/?&typeAhead=1 |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-mug-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/mp/1358436/1000350/?&typeAhead=1 |title=Evil Queen Mug – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs &#124; Drinkware |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811011601/http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-mug-snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs/mp/1358436/1000350/?&typeAhead=1 |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-as-hag-mug-candy-cauldron/mp/1354121/1000350/ |title=Evil Queen as Hag Mug – ''Candy Cauldron'' &#124; Drinkware |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811012517/http://www.disneystore.com/evil-queen-as-hag-mug-candy-cauldron/mp/1354121/1000350/ |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LEXGJ52/|title=Disney Evil Queen Coffee Mug Snow White & Dwarfs: Kitchen & Dining|date=September 9, 2009|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DD5L0MG/|title=Hallmark Disney Especially Evil DYG9717 Evil Queen Before/After Coffee Mug : Villains Mug : Everything Else|date=September 9, 2009|accessdate=July 22, 2014}} {{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LPR81H6/|title=Disney Store The Queen Coffee Mug Cup Snow Snow Villains : Everything Else|date=September 9, 2009|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> other tableware,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19930711&id=39M_AAAAIBAJ&pg=2862,2737538 |title=Horrors! Disney's wicked queen reigns supreme on a collector's a Bradford Exchange Recommendation |publisher=Lawrence Journal-World |date=July 11, 1993 |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DZEGYIU/ |title=Limited Edition Disney Villains Porcelain Evil Queen Art Plate Le 1000 : Commemorative Plates : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DD55DRE/ |title=Hallmark Disney Especially Evil DYG9716 Evil Queen – Queen of Goblet : Mugs : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A2X20GC/ |title=Disney Store Exclusive Designer Villains Mug Set of 6; Queen of Hearts, Maleficent, Ursula, Mother Gothel, Evil Queen, Cruella De Vil Graphic Design : Ariel Mug : Everything Else |date=March 22, 2014 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> bags/purses/suitcases,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/snow-white-and-evil-queen-carriage-ring-tote-by-harveys/mp/1345295/1000291/?&typeAhead=1 |title=Snow White and Evil Queen Carriage Ring Tote by Harveys &#124; Bags & Totes |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811013235/http://www.disneystore.com/snow-white-and-evil-queen-carriage-ring-tote-by-harveys/mp/1345295/1000291/?&typeAhead=1 |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/disney-villains-luggage-20/mp/1342013/1000366/ |title=Disney Villains Luggage – 20'' &#124; Luggage |publisher=Disney Store |accessdate=July 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811013359/http://www.disneystore.com/disney-villains-luggage-20/mp/1342013/1000366/ |archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00H2VB7CA/ |title=SOHO Beauty Disney Villains Makeup Bag – Evil Queen : Beauty |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00669UL30/ |title=Disney Villains Designer Dolls Collectible Limited Edition Bag Giftbag Maleficent – Christmas Bell Ornaments |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A7GT84Q/ |title=Disney's Snow White Evil Queen "Heartless Tote" 16" X17": Shoes |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003MSFEGC/ |title=Evil Queen Grimhilde Messenger Bag Snow White Disney: Everything Else |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003B4YTFY/ |title=Disney Villains WICKED QUEEN Doll – Snow White Barbie Size Doll (Walt Disney Attractions): Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IJLW06O/ |title=Disney Villains Girl's Weekend Rolling Suitcase: Kitchen & Dining |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> containers,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vendio.com/stores/brownsbasementbargains/item/disneyana-theme-park-souvenirs/disney-world-snow-white-candy-/lid=3291304 |title=brownsbasementbargains : DISNEY WORLD SNOW WHITE CANDY TIN FROM 1960'S |publisher=Vendio.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DHE6HBW/ |title=Funko Disney: Cupcake Keepsakes Evil Queen Figure: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DVOOVUC/ |title=Disney Pokitpal Pocketpal Evil Queen from Snow White Decorative Box. : Everything Else |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> prints/posters/cards/stickers,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2014/03/07/see-the-full-mondo-disney-poster-gallery-for-nothings-impossible/ |title=See the Full Mondo Disney Poster Gallery for "Nothing's Impossible!" &#124; Oh My Disney |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/04/sneak-peek-at-13-reflections-of-evil-trading-event-at-epcot/ |title=Sneak Peek at 13 Reflections of Evil Trading Event at Epcot « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date=April 30, 2013 |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/disney-villains-all-their-wicked-ways-giclee-by-tim-rogerson/mp/1352347/1000272/ |title=Disney Villains ''All Their Wicked Ways'' Giclée by Tim Rogerson &#124; Giclées |publisher=Disney Store |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneystore.com/villain-evil-queen-giclee-by-noah/mp/1326357/1000272/ |title=''Villain Evil Queen'' Giclée by Noah &#124; Giclées |publisher=Disney Store |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00B96WHW8/ |title=Disney Matted Print – "Her Wish" By J. Scott Campbell – Snow White & Evil Queen |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CR1T4Q6/ |title=Classic Disney Villains Notecard Set: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00L5KI75Y/ |title=Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Wicked Queen/Witch) COMC REVIEWED Good to VG-EX (Trading Card) 1989 Brooke Bond The Magical World of Disney #2: Entertainment Collectibles |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00F9KJX6S/ |title=WICKEDNESS Disney Snow White Evil Queen Limited Edition Fine Art Giclée Print on Paper by Brian Rood at Amazon's Entertainment Collectibles Store |date=November 26, 2013 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00F9KK100/ |title=A HEART FOR A HEART Disney Snow White Haunted Mansion Limited Edition Fine Art Giclée Print on Paper by Robert Farrell at Amazon's Entertainment Collectibles Store |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0043CD9YK/ |title=Disney VILLAINS Large 3x3 inch Stickers: Toys & Games |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> pins/buttons/magnets,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hottopic.com/hottopic/Accessories/Beauty/Accessories/Disney+Snow+White+Evil+Queen+Button+Mirror-10204883.jsp |title=Disney Snow White Evil Queen Button Mirror |publisher=Hot Topic |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LMEH8GM?psc=1 |title=(Set/4) Disney Edgy Characters Magnets – A Collection of Cartoon Villains: Kitchen & Dining |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00BF5FSBU/ |title=Disney Trading Pins – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Evil Queen: Everything Else |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> holiday ornaments,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004GFIYW6/ |title=Disney Store Snow White EVIL QUEEN Christmas Ornament – Decorative Hanging Ornaments |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00GQ2QYAG/ |title=Disney Snow White's "Evil Queen" (Villains) Holiday Ornament – Limited Availability : Decorative Hanging Ornaments : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00HFYR4BC/ |title=Hallmark Disney Snow White and the Evil Queen-2 Blown Glass Ornaments : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00GQ2J84U/ |title=Disney Villains 5 Piece Holiday Ornament Set – Maleficent * Ursula * Evil Queen * Captain Hook * Chernabog – Limited Availability : Decorative Hanging Ornaments : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005LVPQKC/ |title=Jim Shore Disney Traditions Disney Villains Ornaments Set of 4 – Enesco Disney Figurines |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FQXD6YS |title=Disney Park Villains Extra Large Christmas Holiday Stocking Maleficent Ursula Wicked Queen Cruella de Ville – Christmas Decor |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> plush toys,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00ISCEOUY/ |title=2001 Mcdonald's Toy Plush Evil Queen Clip #3 Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs Disney: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00K5B00U4/ |title=Snow White Evil Queen Minnie Mouse Bean Bag Plush: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AA33BJO/ |title=Disney Exclusive Villains Cutesations Complete set of 8 with Tree PLUSH DOLL SET : Disney Villains Plush : Everything Else |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> puzzles,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002V7N3NQ/ |title=Disney Villains Evil Queen 150 Piece Puzzle: Toys & Games |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.klausenzo.nl/kolibri/en_kolibri-kinder.htm |title=Kolibri Puzzles |publisher=Klausenzo.nl |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> other beauty products,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FBSJ6II/ |title=e.l.f. Disney Villains Collection Look Book ~ Evil Queen : Makeup Sets : Beauty |date= |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00KRMIQ5C/ |title=Disney Villains Lashes Ardell Lash Kit 2 Kits Evil Queen and Ursula : Beauty |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004QRXOVA/ |title=MAC Eye Shadow Venomous Villains VILE VIOLET Limited Edition RARE-NIB Beauty |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref> and so forth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trksid=p2050601.m570.l1313.TR0.TRC0.H0&_nkw=Snow+White+Queen+Disney&_sacat=0&_from=R40 |title=Snow White Queen Disney |publisher=eBay |date= |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> In one issue of ''[[Disney Adventures]]'' in 1997, the Evil Queen appeared on the cover attempting to woo [[Will Smith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=Kus%2FDA+8-01A |title=I.N.D.U.C.K.S |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagineeringdisney.com/blog/2012/10/11/disney-90s-star-power.html |title=Disney + 90s Star Power!! |publisher=Imagineering Disney |date=April 24, 2016 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> One hand-made figure costing $2,000 was the most expensive out of 200,000 items being sold at the Disney World shopping village in 1985.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19851116&id=OiJHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZfMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4670,2166113 Prepare bash for Mickey's 57th], ''The Lewiston Journal'', November 16, 1985.</ref> During an auction in 1988, an animation cel from the iconic scene of the Queen holding her heart box sold for a record-setting price of $30,000.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19880126&id=vVFPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PAMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3910,1976925 Snow White Collectibles Are Gold Mine], ''Toledo Blade'', January 26, 1988.</ref> In 1997, another cel from the same scene sold for $21,275 and a cel of the Witch offering an apple to Snow White realized $13,800.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19970131&id=R9FRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=j28DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3795,9005031 Cartoon charm: Snow White sells well in auction of animated items], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 31, 1997.</ref> Another cel showing the Queen reading her spellbook sold for $8,050 in an earlier in auction in 1995.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19950620&id=uC0zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wQcGAAAAIBAJ&pg=4130,3924414 Animation Art: New book lists prices of the fairest of the fair], ''The Free Lance-Star'', January 20, 1995.</ref> In 2015, a Hag cel was sold on an auction for $48,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/weird/570875/Snow-White-Seven-Dwarfs-cartoon-sells-auction |title=Snow White and Seven Dwarfs cartoon sells for amazing £35,000 &#124; Weird &#124; News &#124; Daily Express |website=Express.co.uk |date= April 16, 2015|accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> Another record was made in 2016, when a cel of the Queen in front of her mirror was sold for $58,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comics.ha.com/heritage-auctions-press-releases-and-news/snow-white-and-friends-are-worth-over-1-000-000-in-heritage-auctions-fifth-straight-million-dollar-animation-art-auction-in-two-years.s?releaseId=3082|title=Snow White and friends are worth over $1,000,000 in Heritage Auctions' Fifth Straight...|website=comics.ha.com|access-date=2019-03-24}}</ref> ===In ''Once Upon a Time''=== {{main|Regina Mills}} An almost entirely alternate take on the character of the Evil Queen is Regina Mills, the main antagonist in the first season of the 2011 [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] live-action TV series ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'' where she is played by [[Lana Parrilla]]. Regina is the mayor of the idyllic town of Storybrooke, Maine, but is secretly the Evil Queen of legend, having cursed many beloved fairy tale characters to live in a land without magic, where they will never get their happy endings. The show is not directly based on the Disney animated films, but is inspired by them and makes many references to them. One of its episodes is titled "[[The Evil Queen (Once Upon a Time)|The Evil Queen]]". ==Reception and legacy== {{multiple image | width = 180 | align = | image1 = Solweig Rediger-Lizlow - Cannes.JPG | image2 = Morgan McMichaels (Evil Queen).jpg | footer = | direction = vertical | caption1 = TV host Solweig Rediger-Lizlow at the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival|2012 Cannes Festival]] | caption2 = [[Morgan McMichaels]] dressed as the Queen in 2015 }} ===Critical reception and popularity=== The Disney version of the character was very well received by film critics, even as some were disturbed (columnist [[Dorothy Kilgallen]] for instance urged Disney to not make future villains as scary as the Witch<ref name=s50/>). [[Stephen Hunter]] included her being "cool" among the "wonderful truths about ''Snow White''."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19930705&id=FSZfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_k4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1345,1366153 'Snow White' still a four star movie: Truths, tidbits and magic], ''Bangor Daily News'', July 5, 1993.</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] wrote the film's Snow White "exists only to be victimized by her wicked stepmother - a far more interesting character. The image of the wicked Queen (initially conceived as a raven-haired glamour girl, and the epitome of late-1930s sophistication) who drinks an aging potion and then shrivels, sprouting warts and claws, turning before our eyes from a sexy, voluptuous creature into a frightening old crone, must leave as powerful an impression on the audience as Snow White's chirpy femininity."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19870719&id=mEhOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vhMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6358,1096898 'Snow White' launched an art], ''Star-News'', July 19, 1987.</ref> Similarly, [[Roger Ebert]] wrote ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' was "not so much about Snow White as it was about the Seven Dwarfs and the Evil Queen," opining this was the reason it has remained "the ultimate animated masterpiece" by 2001 instead of having been forgotten soon after its premiere in 1937.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=20011014&id=OFtTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X4UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5278,3343942 Disney's 'Snow White' is the ultimate animated masterpiece], ''The Victoria Advocate'', October 14, 2001.</ref> Individualist feminist [[Camille Paglia]] said that she used to be transfixed by this "temperamental diva bitch", due to the contrast with the ideal of womanhood that she had been presented to as a child: "[[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]], this silent mother; and here was the witch queen who has this weird dialogue in the mirror and it didn't have to be charitable and it didn't have to be nice. I thought she was fabulous."<ref>Mark Nation and Samuel Wells, ''Faithfulness and Fortitude: Conversations with the Theological Ethics of Stanley Hauerwas'', page 280.</ref> Likewise, [[Lana Parrilla]], who later herself played the Evil Queen in ''Once Upon A Time'', said that whenever she watched Disney's ''Snow White'' as a young girl she rooted for and "loved the evil queen―every time the evil queen came on, I was like 'OK!' She was just so fascinating to me."<ref>{{cite web|last=Hernandez |first=Lee |url=http://www.latina.com/entertainment/tv/exclusive-once-upon-time-star-lana-parrilla-reveals-her-favorite-fairy-tale-charact#axzz2e1UT49HV |title=EXCLUSIVE: 'Once Upon A Time' Star Lana Parrilla Reveals Her Favorite Fairy Tale Characters |publisher=Latina |date=October 21, 2011 |accessdate=September 5, 2013}}</ref> Author [[Deborah Lipp]] wrote: "As I've said before and will doubtless say again, given a choice of being Snow White (helpless, sweet, voiceless) and the Wicked Queen, with the cool castle and the magic and the minions, give me my Magic Mirror ''now!''"<ref>Deborah Lipp, ''The Study of Witchcraft: A Guidebook to Advanced Wicca'', page 15-16.</ref> Film director [[John Waters (director born 1946)|John Waters]] said he too rooted for the evil queen to win,<ref>{{cite web|last=Covert |first=Colin |url=https://www.popmatters.com/article/john-waters-talks-and-talks-about-his-subversive-career/ |title=John Waters talks (and talks) about his subversive career |publisher=PopMatters |date= |accessdate=September 5, 2013}}</ref> and [[Chay Yew]] said that if he were a Disney character, he would be the evil queen from ''Snow White''.<ref>"Mapa on the spot", ''The Advocate'', February 18, 2003.</ref> ''Once Upon the Time'' co-creator [[Adam Horowitz]] said that his earliest Disney memory was seeing a re-release of Disney's ''Snow White'' when he was "terrified by the Evil Queen while also being unable to look away and that stuck with me through the years."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/articles/2013/10/09/a-chat-with-the-creators-of-once-upon-a-time-in-wonderland/ |title=A Chat with the Creators of Once Upon a Time in Wonderland &#124; Disney Insider |publisher=Blogs.disney.com |date= October 9, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> Similarly, fashion designer and [[Angelina Jolie]]'s ''[[Maleficent (film)|Maleficent]]'' collaborator [[Stella McCartney]] said: "My favorite Disney film was ''Snow White''. I remember growing up watching [it] and being completely freaked out by that scene where the evil queen becomes the old witch and she makes the poison apple."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/thecut/2014/04/stella-mccartney-on-angelina-disney-witches.html |title=Stella McCartney on Disney Villains and Angelina Jolie – The Cut |publisher=Nymag.com |date= |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> Film maker and actor [[Terry Gilliam]] listed the film's Queen among his eight favourite villains, commenting how "truly strange" is that "vanity and beauty are what she's all about, yet the identity she assumes when she becomes the old beggar woman is practically the ugliest in all the kingdom."<ref>An interview in the February 1982 issue of ''Heavy Metal''.</ref> Fairy tale lecturer [[Jack Zipes]] alike noted that "it is somewhat strange that the queen believes the mirror, for the picture of Snow White reveals that she is a pretty pubescent red-cheeked ordinary girl while the queen is a stunning beautiful mature woman who might easily win a beauty contest."<ref name=enchanted/> Jim Lentz, Director of Animation Art at [[Heritage Auctions]], said in 2015: "The Evil Queen is, to this day, one of the great villains of cinema, and she was at her terrifying best when she became the Old Hag and set off to destroy Snow White."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/animationscoop/snow-white-bugs-bunny-and-the-beatles-yellow-submarine-star-in-animation-auction-today-20150408|title=Snow White, Bugs Bunny and The Beatles' "Yellow Submarine - Animation Scoop|author=Jerry Beck|date=April 9, 2015|work=Animation Scoop|accessdate=August 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413053027/http://blogs.indiewire.com/animationscoop/snow-white-bugs-bunny-and-the-beatles-yellow-submarine-star-in-animation-auction-today-20150408|archive-date=April 13, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to film maker and actor [[Brad Bird]], back in 1937 "they had to re-upholster the seats in a very large movie palace in New York because little kids were peeing on the seats when the witch came on in ''Snow White''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Brad-Bird-Reveals-Disgusting-Fact-About-Snow-White-Seven-Dwarfs-71124.html|title=The Disgusting Reason A Movie Theater Had To Renovate After Showing Snow White|publisher=|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref> The Queen ranked as tenth in the [[American Film Institute]]'s 2003 list of the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains|50 Best Movie Villains of All Time]], being the highest-ranked animated villain.<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/handv.aspx |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 4, 2003 |accessdate=July 29, 2013}}</ref> When [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts]] held their 2011 Disney Villains popularity poll for Wicked Gooey Apple Awards (named after the Queen's poison apple), the Evil Queen came first and won in three out of five categories: "Sinister Stylings" (for the most fashionable villain), "Curses! Foiled Again!" (for the villain who received the best comeuppance), and the ultimate "Unfairest of Them All" (for the most evil villain).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2011/10/evil-queen-reigns-supreme-with-three-wicked-gooey-apple-awards/ |title=Evil Queen Reigns Supreme with Three Wicked Gooey Apple Awards « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> Jeff Kurtti's 2005 book ''Disney Villains: The Top Secret Files'' ranks her as "the greatest villain of them all". The Evil Queen has also been often included on top lists of best villains by various publications.{{#tag:ref|In 2013, for instance, the Queen was among the 20 terrifying kids' movie characters by [[Digital Spy]], commenting that "[[Julia Roberts]] and [[Charlize Theron]] may have taken a stab at this role in two competing 2012 blockbusters, but they didn't get anywhere near the kind of creepiness of Disney's evil Queen,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/i544112-8/20-terrifying-kids-movie-characters-queen-grimhilde.html |title=Queen Grimhilde 20 terrifying kids' movie characters |publisher=Digital Spy |date=July 22, 2013 |accessdate=July 29, 2013}}</ref> as well as among ten scariest Disney villains of all time by [[entertainment.ie]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.ie/cinema/news/We-look-at-the-Ten-Scariest-Disney-villains-of-all-time/262416.htm |title=MovieNews &#124; We look at the Ten Scariest Disney villains of all time |website=Eentertainment.ie |date=May 23, 2014 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> In 2014, [[E!]] ranked "the original head bitch in charge" as the seventh top Disney Villain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/541908/all-of-the-disney-villains-ranked |title=All of the Disney Villains, Ranked |publisher=E! Online |date= |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> [[The Nerdist Podcast|Nerdist]] put the Disney Villainesses "starting in 1937 with the Evil Queen" at top spot in a 2015 ranking of "most bad ass" female villains in pop culture,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nerdist.com/the-13-most-bad-ass-female-villains-in-pop-culture/|title=The 13 Most Badass Female Villains in Pop Culture|work=Nerdist|accessdate=August 4, 2015}}</ref> while ''[[Gay Times]]'' ranked her third among the "top five wicked women of Disney"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/19707/top-five-disney-wicked-women-gt-makeover/ |title=Our top five wicked women of Disney get a GT makeover |publisher=Gay Times |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> and [[MTV]] listed her as one of the nine Disney Villains who were "way better than the good guys."<ref>{{cite web|author=mtv |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2111114/disney-villains/ |title=9 Disney Villains Who Were Better Than The Good Guys |publisher=MTV |date=March 26, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> That same year, [[Moviepilot]] included her among the seven most terrifying and evil Disney Villains as "she may be the prettiest woman in the list, but sadly, that beautiful facade covers an ugly and wicked soul,"<ref>{{cite web |author=Akari KekseI am a horror fanatic, and a writer :D |url=https://moviepilot.com/posts/2938974 |title=7 Most Terrifying And Evil Disney Villains |website=MoviePilot.com |date=May 26, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006170350/http://moviepilot.com/posts/2938974 |archive-date=October 6, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> while [[Gulf News]], ranking her as the second greatest Disney Villain, commented she "still stands today - 78 years after the release of the first movie," as the most evil personality that Disney has ever created.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/guides/going-out/cinema/disney-s-15-greatest-villains-1.1550777 |title=Disney's 15 greatest villains |website=GulfNews.com |date=July 16, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507173311/http://gulfnews.com/guides/going-out/cinema/disney-s-15-greatest-villains-1.1550777 |archive-date=May 7, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Moviepilot also proposed "Disney could give Snow White the Maleficent treatment and make a version telling the story through the Evil Queen’s perspective,"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moviepilot.com/posts/2838845 |title=Will These 5 Disney Classics Get the Live-Action Treatment? Find out HERE |website=MoviePilot.com |accessdate=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506084147/http://moviepilot.com/posts/2838845 |archive-date=May 6, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> suggesting she should be played by [[Megan Fox]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moviepilot.com/posts/3386100 |title=Time to Cast Those Meddling Disney Villains for Future Live-Actions! |website=MoviePilot.com |date=July 17, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506083812/http://moviepilot.com/posts/3386100 |archive-date=May 6, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2016, [[The Frisky]] described her and Maleficent as "two of the best-realized female villains in movie history."<ref>{{cite web |author=The Frisky |url=http://www.thefrisky.com/2016-01-29/linguists-have-nailed-the-exact-problem-with-disneys-princess-movies/ |title=Linguists Have Nailed The Exact Problem With Disney's Princess Movies |publisher=The Frisky |date=January 29, 2016 |accessdate=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419183829/http://www.thefrisky.com/2016-01-29/linguists-have-nailed-the-exact-problem-with-disneys-princess-movies/ |archive-date=April 19, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|group="note"}} ===Cultural impact=== According to [[Maria Tatar]], an academic specializing in children's literature, the film turned "the evil queen into a figure of gripping narrative energy and makes Snow White [the character] so dull that she requires a supporting cast of seven to enliven her scenes. Ultimately it is the stepmother's disruptive, disturbing, and divisive presence that invests the film with a degree of fascination that has facilitated its widespread circulation and that has allowed it to take such powerful hold in our own culture."<ref>Maria Tatar, ''The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales'', page 234.</ref> [[Alan Charles Kors]] and [[Edward Peter]] credited the Queen's character's influence in changing the popular visual image of witches in film and other fiction as specifically female, more often young and attractive than old and ugly, and dressed in a characteristically defining costume.<ref>Alan Charles Kors and Edward Peter, ''Witchcraft in Europe: 1100–1700: A Documentary History'', University of Pennsylvania Press 2001, page 30.</ref> A part of [[Maila Nurmi]]'s inspiration for her character of Vampira came from Nurmi being fascinated by the Queen after watching Disney's ''Snow White'' at the age of 14.<ref>David J. Skal, ''The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror'', page 240.</ref> When she was cast for the 1939's ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' as the [[Wicked Witch of the West]], [[Gale Sondergaard]] (who herself has earlier served as one of inspirations for Disney) insisted on playing a glamorous vision of the character, similar to the Disney's interpretation of the Queen from ''Snow White''; when Sondergaard's idea was rejected by producers [[Mervyn LeRoy]] and [[Arthur Freed]] in favor of making the Wicked Witch ugly, she withdrew from the project and [[Margaret Hamilton (actress)|Margaret Hamilton]] was cast instead.<ref name=gg/> Still, the similarities between the two films, including the portrayals on their respective witch characters, were such that ''The Wizard of Oz'' was at one point advertised as "''Snow White'' with live actors."<ref>William Stillman and Jay Scarfone, ''The Wizardry of Oz: The Artistry and Magic of The 1939 MGM Classic'' (Applause Theatre Book Publishers, United States, 2004). {{ISBN|1-55783-624-8}}.</ref> {{multiple image | width = | align = left | image1 = Mickey's Not So Scary Halloween Party - Villians Stage Show (3).jpg | image2 = Disney Villainess Squad at WonderCon 2010 Masquerade 5.JPG | footer = | direction = vertical | caption1 = The Wicked Queen with several other [[Disney villains]], including [[Maleficent]] and the [[Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)|Queen of Hearts]] at [[Magic Kingdom]] in 2011 | caption2 = The "Disney Villainess Squad" cosplayers at [[WonderCon]] 2010 }} An official Disney.com blog Oh My Disney stated the Evil Queen has been "the original Disney villain, and we’re really not exaggerating."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2014/08/30/villain-spotlight-series-evil-queen/|title=Villain Spotlight Series: Evil Queen|publisher=Blogs.disney.com|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> According to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', La Verne's role as the Queen "was credited as the model for such future villains as [[Ursula (Disney)|Ursula]] in ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989) and [[Scar (The Lion King)|Scar]] in ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994)."<ref name=tdt>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/walt-disney-cast-an-evil-end-for-the-voice-of-snow-white/news-story/6c7c6390635bd3393068f022831d397a |title=Walt Disney cast an evil end for the voice of Snow White |website=Dailytelegraph.com.au |accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> Maleficent from ''Sleeping Beauty'' inherited a number of characteristics from the Evil Queen, including the cowl, high collar, billowing cloak, arched eyebrows, cruel lips, and raven familiar. An abandoned concept from ''Snow White'' was that the Queen kidnap the Prince and lock him in her dungeon; similarly, in ''Sleeping Beauty'', Maleficent kidnaps Prince Philip.<ref>Robin Allan, ''Walt Disney and Europe'' (Indiana University Press, Indiana, 1999). {{ISBN|0-253-21353-3}}.</ref> Lady Bane, a vain evil sorceress from ''[[Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears]]'', too bears a similarity to the Evil Queen in her costume and character. Four wicked witches of the East, West, North and South, resembling the Witch from Disney's ''Snow White'', are also the villains Mickey has to kill to save Disneyland in 1988's ''[[Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gamesdbase.com/Media/SYSTEM/Commodore_Amiga//Manual/formated/Mickey_Mouse-_The_Computer_Game_-_1988_-_Gremlin_Graphics.htm |title=Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game – Commodore Amiga – Manual |publisher=gamesdbase.com |date= |accessdate=February 19, 2014}}</ref> The first names for the magic-wielding antagonist couple [[The 7D#The Glooms|The Glooms]] in Disney XD's own series ''[[The 7D]]'' (2014) ― set in a timeframe before the Seven Dwarfs first met Snow White ― might have been inspired by the Evil Queen character's alternate name "Grimhilde", with the bumbling [[warlock]] husband named "Grim" and the determined witch wife named "Hildy". The Queen's character design from the film was used in some other Snow White adaptations, such as for the Queen in the Turkish film ''Pamuk Prenses ve Yedi Cüceler'' (1970).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/radikal.aspx?atype=radikaldetayv3&articleid=934341&categoryid=42 |title=Sinemanın gerçek cadısı – Radikal Radikal İki |publisher=Radikal.com.tr |date= |accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Queen Naga in Italian erotic comic books ''[[Biancaneve]]'' was at first loosely based on the Disney version, as was its Snow White's character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elvifrance.fr/images/couvertures/ContesMalicieux/Biancaneve.htm |title=Biancaneve |publisher=Elvifrance.fr |date= |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://groovyageofhorror.tumblr.com/post/112218207086/biancaneve-pt-3 |title=Groovy Age of Horror — BIANCANEVE, Pt. 3 |publisher=Groovyageofhorror.tumblr.com |date=February 15, 2006 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> When [[Filmation]] announced their own animated sequel to the fairy tale, the studio was sued by Disney until Filmation promised their characters would not resemble the ones from the Disney film. The settlement specifically stated there could not be a "wicked witch" character appearing in the film, which instead was made to feature the Queen's brother in a vendetta to avenge her death, and the title was changed from ''Snow White in the Land of Doom'' to ''[[Happily Ever After (1993 film)|Happily Ever After]]''.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=19900601&id=CnMhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tIgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3607,287334 Did Snow White Live 'Happily Ever After'?], ''The Daily Gazette'', January 1, 1990.</ref><ref>"SNOW WHITE REVISITED: THE QUEEN'S DEAD, BUT CONFLICT ISN'T BANISHED". ''Dayton Daily News'', May 28, 1993.</ref> The Queen also inspired main antagonist characters in the otherwise unrelated titles, such as the stepmother queen in the Russian animated film ''[[The Wild Swans (film)|The Wild Swans]]'' (1962),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXSQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|title=The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films|author=Jack Zipes|date=January 27, 2011|page=96|accessdate=April 21, 2016|isbn=9781135853952}}</ref> the Witch Queen in the Spanish film ''[[Tom Thumb and Little Red Riding Hood]]'' (1962),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinecutre.com/movie-review/caperucita-y-pulgarcito-contra-los-monstruos-1962/|title=Caperucita y Pulgarcito contra los monstruos (1962)|author=Traumas Infantiles|publisher=Cinecutre.com|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626120218/http://cinecutre.com/movie-review/caperucita-y-pulgarcito-contra-los-monstruos-1962|archive-date=June 26, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> the goddess Venus in the anime version of ''[[Unico]]'',<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXoSBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181|title=Ancient Magic and the Supernatural in the Modern Visual and Performing Arts|date=April 23, 2015|page=181|accessdate=April 21, 2016|isbn=9781472527387|last1=Carlà-Uhink|first1=Filippo|last2=Berti|first2=Irene}}</ref> Queen Admira in the American film ''[[The Hugga Bunch]]'' (1985),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crowncombo.com/articles/2006/017_hbmovie/huggabunch.html|title=The Hugga Bunch Movie|date=March 18, 2006|publisher=Crowncombo.com|accessdate=July 29, 2013}}</ref> and the queen of the witches in the video game ''[[Curse of Enchantia]]'' (1992).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delac.es/juegos/juego.php?id=curse_enchantia|title=DeLaC Aventuras - Curse of Enchantia|author=Raya & Redondo|date=|website=Delac.es|accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> [[Lady Macbeth]]'s rendition in [[Orson Welles]]' 1948 ''[[Macbeth (1948 film)|Macbeth]]'' resembles the Queen in her costume, make-up, and even the manner of her death;<ref>Deborah Cartmell, Imelda Whelehan, ''Adaptations: From Text to Screen, Screen to Text'', page 32.</ref> Lady Macbeth was also visually based on the Queen in a 1982 comic book adaptation.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19820916&id=N49TAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n4YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6682,6204153 'Macbeth' now a comic], ''The Bulletin'', September 16, 1982.</ref> The evil Queen Bavmorda from 1988's film ''[[Willow (film)|Willow]]'' bears a resemblance<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1908&dat=19880715&id=BjYrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4332,1002324 'Willow' packed with special effects], ''The Nevada Daily Mail'', July 15, 1988.</ref> so much that ''[[Cinefantastique]]'' editor Frederick S. Clarke described her as "simply ''Snow White'''s Wicked Queen, right down to her hooded costume."<ref>''Cinefantastique'' 19, page 109.</ref> [[Robin Wood (critic)|Robin Wood]] has drawn a connection between the looks of the Witch and of [[Palpatine|the Emperor]] in the ''[[Star Wars]]'' franchise (which eventually became a Disney property too).<ref>Robin Wood, ''Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan...and Beyond: A Revised and Expanded Edition of the Classic Text'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), p. 154, {{ISBN|0-231-12966-1}}.</ref> According to video game designer Steve Brown, the Queen's old Witch form served as an inspiration for the main character Witch Queen in his 1985 game ''[[Cauldron (video game)|Cauldron]]''.<ref>''Retro Gamer'' 35, page 50.</ref> [[Brigitte Nielsen]] said she based her role as the Black Witch (who also kidnaps a prince character out of jealously for a princess) in the 1992 Italian film ''[[Fantaghirò 2]]'' on Disney's "Grimilde" (the Queen's name in Italian comics).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1992/agosto/28/cattiva_inseguo_sempre_TV_co_0_92082810034.shtml|title=la cattiva: inseguo sempre la TV|date=|publisher=Archiviostorico.corriere.it|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> The Queen's castle has been used prominently in the advertising of the film (acting as the backdrop of the film's poster). Later Disney fairy tales, including ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'', ''Sleeping Beauty'', ''The Little Mermaid'', ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' and ''Aladdin'', feature similarly fantastical castles and palaces, and often these buildings act as centerpieces or backdrops for the movies' posters. A fairy tale castle stands at the centre of each Disney theme park, and the image of the castle is used in the logo for [[Buena Vista International]]. ===Homage cameos and parodies=== The character has also made several parodic cameo and homage appearances in non-Disney media. In the 1945 radio program ''[[This Is My Best]]'', the Queen uttered a curse so dreadful that the Magic Mirror shattered into a thousand pieces and where the Queen once stood was nothing but a heap of ashes from which black spiders crawled and scuffled off into the night. In [[Woody Allen]]'s live-action film ''[[Annie Hall]]'' (1977), Alvy mentions that when he saw Disney's ''Snow White'', he was attracted to the Queen while all the other children had a crush on Snow White. This is followed by an animated sequence of the Wicked Queen, resembling Annie and voiced by [[Diane Keaton]], talking to the cartoon version of the daydreaming Alvy, but turns out that even the Queen scolds him; Alvy attributes it to her having her [[Menstrual cycle|period]] [[Mood (psychology)|mood]], to which the Queen reminds him she is just a cartoon character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/annie_hall.html |title=Annie Hall script by Woody Allen |publisher=Dailyscript.com |accessdate=July 29, 2013}}</ref> The Queen was referenced when she appeared as a villain in an issue of Italian horror comic book series ''[[Dylan Dog]]'' in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comics.org/issue/44258/|title=GCD :: Issue :: Dylan Dog #18 - Cagliostro!|website=www.comics.org}}</ref> In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Four Great Women and a Manicure]]" (2009), the Queen escapes the dwarves after poisoning Snow White, only to be lynched by a mob of angry woodland creatures.<ref name=FF>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z1z25z1z8&ID=4832 |title=May is Massive on Fox |accessdate=April 8, 2009 |publisher=FoxFlash |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412221337/http://foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z1z25z1z8&ID=4832 |archivedate=April 12, 2009 }}</ref> In the ''[[U.S. Acres]]'' two-part cartoon "Snow Wade and the 77 Dwarves", Lanolin appears as the Wicked Queen with a costume is based on the Disney version. In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' 2009 episode "[[Road to the Multiverse]]", [[Herbert (Family Guy)|Herbert]] appears as the disguised Queen. ''[[The Muppet Show]]'' character [[Miss Piggy]] is the Queen in the 2010 parody comic book miniseries ''Muppet Snow White''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=24971 |title=Snider on "Muppet Snow White" |publisher=Comic Book Resources |date= |accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> [[Cassie Scerbo]] played the Evil Queen in the 2013 [[YouTube]] parody music video ''[[Cell Block Tango]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Watch-Disney-Villains-Perform-Their-Version-Chicago-Cell-Block-Tango-40068.html |title=Watch Disney's Villains Perform Their Version Of Chicago's Cell Block Tango |publisher=CinemaBlend.com |date=October 29, 2013 |accessdate=May 4, 2014}}</ref> The Queen also appears in ''Counting Scars'', Oh My Disney's Halloween 2014 parody music video of [[OneRepublic]]'s "[[Counting Stars]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2014/10/27/counting-scars/|title=We're Counting Scars This Halloween|work=Disney Blogs|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/10/28/disney-villains-onerepublic-parody-counting-stars-video-counting-scars-watch/|title=[VIDEO] Disney Villains Star In OneRepublic Parody Of 'Counting Stars' - Hollywood Life|work=Hollywood Life|accessdate=January 3, 2015}}</ref> [[Kimberly Cole]] played the Evil Queen in [[Todrick Hall]]'s 2014 parody music video ''Snow White and the Seven Thugs''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVRy7v0Cigo |title=Snow White and the Seven Thugs |publisher=YouTube |date=2014-07-01 |accessdate=2014-07-05}}</ref> ==See also== {{commons category}} * [[Queen (Snow White)|The Queen from "Snow White"]] in the original fairy tale, and in other derivative works {{Portal bar|Disney|Cartoon|Film|United States}} ==Notes== {{Reflist|group="note"}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Snow White}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Animated human characters]] [[Category:Disney animated villains]] [[Category:Female film villains]] [[Category:Disney comics characters]] [[Category:Snow White (franchise)]] [[Category:Fantasy film characters]] [[Category:Female characters in animation]] [[Category:Female characters in film]] [[Category:Fictional alchemists]] [[Category:Film characters introduced in 1937]] [[Category:Fictional German people]] [[Category:Fictional murderers]] [[Category:Fictional queens]] [[Category:Fictional shapeshifters]] [[Category:Fictional witches]] [[Category:Kingdom Hearts characters]] [[Category:Evil Queen]] [[Category:Video game bosses]]'