Examine individual changes

'{{Redirect|Japan Time|the Hong Kong television series|Japan Time (TV series)}} {{Infobox time zone |caption = |dst use = none |initials = JST |dst initials = |offset = +00:00 (GMT+09:00) |dst offset = }} [[File:Imperial Ordinance 167 issued on December 27, Meiji 28 (1895).png|thumb|upright|Imperial Ordinance 167 issued on December 27, Meiji 28 (1895).]] {{Nihongo|'''Japan Standard Time'''|日本標準時|Nihon Hyōjunji|extra={{IPAc-ja|ni|ho|n|-|hyoo|zyu|n|zi}}, or {{Nihongo2|中央標準時}}, ''Chūō Hyōjunji'', {{IPAc-ja|tyuu|oo|-|hyoo|zyu|n|zi}}|lead=yes}}, abbreviated as '''JST''', is the standard [[time zone]] in [[Japan]], 9 hours ahead of [[Greenwich mean time|GMT]] (i.e. it is GMT+09:00).<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/japan|last=Timeanddate|title=Current Local Time in Japan|date=13 September 2020|accessdate=12 September 2020}} The reference to "UTC" is incorrect - there is a difference between GMT and UTC which can be as much as 0.9 seconds.</ref> There is no [[daylight saving time]], though its introduction has been debated several times. During [[World War II]], it was often called '''Tokyo Standard Time'''. Japan Standard Time is the same as [[Time in South Korea|Korean Standard Time]], [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]] ([[North Korea]]), [[Time in Indonesia|Eastern Indonesia Standard Time]], [[Time in East Timor|East-Timorese Standard Time]] and [[Yakutsk Time]] ([[Russia]]). ==History== Before the [[Meiji (era)|Meiji]] era (1868–1912), each local region had its own time zone in which noon was when the sun was exactly at its [[culmination]]. As modern transportation methods, such as trains, were adopted, this practice became a source of confusion. For example, there is a difference of about 5 degrees longitude between [[Tokyo]] and [[Osaka]] and because of this, a train that departed from Tokyo would arrive at Osaka 20 minutes behind the time in Tokyo. In 1886, Ordinance 51 was issued in response to this problem, which stated: {{Quote| Ordinance 51 (on the precise calculation of time using the Prime Meridian) – July 13, 1886 * The [[prime meridian]] passes through England's [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Greenwich Observatory]]. * Longitudes are calculated using the prime meridian, counting 180 degrees either east or west. Positive degrees are east, negative degrees are west. * On January 1, 1888, 135 degrees east longitude will be set as the standard meridian for all of Japan, allowing precise times to be fixed.<ref> <div lang="ja">明治十九年勅令第五十一号（本初子午線経度計算方及標準時ノ件）<br/> （明治十九年七月十三日勅令第五十一号） * 英国グリニツチ天文台子午儀ノ中心ヲ経過スル子午線ヲ以テ経度ノ本初子午線トス * 経度ハ本初子午線ヨリ起算シ東西各百八十度ニ至リ東経ヲ正トシ西経ヲ負トス * 明治二十一年一月一日ヨリ東経百三十五度ノ子午線ノ時ヲ以テ本邦一般ノ標準時ト定ム</div> </ref> }} [[File:Akashi Minicipal Planetarium.JPG|thumb|right|[[Akashi, Hyōgo|Akashi]] Municipal Planetarium, located exactly on 135°E longitude, and known as a symbol of Japan Standard Time.]] According to this, the {{nihongo|[[standard time]]|標準時|Hyōjunji}} was set 9 hours ahead of [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] (UTC had not been established yet). In the ordinance, the first clause mentions GMT, the second defines east longitude and west longitude and the third says the standard time zone would be in effect from 1888. The city of [[Akashi, Hyōgo|Akashi]] in [[Hyōgo Prefecture]] is located exactly on 135 degrees east longitude and subsequently became known as ''Toki no machi'' (Town of Time). With the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|annexation of Taiwan]] in 1895, Ordinance 167 (pictured on the right) was issued to rename the previous Standard Time to {{nihongo|''Central Standard Time''|中央標準時|Chūō Hyōjunji}} and establish a new {{nihongo|''Western Standard Time''|西部標準時|Seibu Hyōjunji}} at 120° longitude as the time zone for the Japanese [[Miyako Islands|Miyako]] and [[Yaeyama Islands]], as well as Taiwan and its [[Penghu Islands]].<ref>[http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E3%83%8B%E9%97%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB%E4%BB%B6_(%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E6%99%82) <span lang="ja">明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號（標準時ニ關スル件）</span> - Wikisource]</ref> While [[Korea]] came [[Korea under Japanese rule|under Japanese rule]] in 1910, [[Korea Standard Time]] of [[GMT+08:30]] continued to be used until 1912, when it was changed to Central Standard Time. Western Standard Time, which was used in [[Taiwan]] and some parts of [[Okinawa]], was abolished by Ordinance 529 in 1937 and replaced by Central Standard Time in those areas.<ref>[http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%85%E4%BB%A4%E7%AC%AC%E7%99%BE%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E8%99%9F%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E3%83%8B%E9%97%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%AD%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E3%83%8E%E4%BB%B6 <span lang="ja">昭和十二年勅令第五百二十九號（明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件）</span> - Wikisource]</ref> Territories occupied by Japan during World War II, including [[Singapore Standard Time|Singapore]] and [[Malaysian Standard Time|Malaya]], adopted Japan Standard Time for the duration of their occupation, but reverted after [[Japan's surrender]]. In 1948–1951 [[occupied Japan]] observed [[daylight saving time]] (DST) from the first Sunday in May at 02:00 to the second Saturday in September at 02:00, except that the 1949 spring-forward transition was the first Sunday in April.<ref>{{cite web |author=Paul Eggert |author2=Arthur David Olson |url=http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm |title=Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data |date=2007-03-13 |accessdate=2007-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623013511/http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm |archive-date=2012-06-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> More recently there have been efforts to bring back DST in Japan, but so far this has not happened.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eccj.or.jp/SummerTime/conf/index_e.html |title = Outline of the report on the National Conference on the Global Environment and Summer Time |publisher = The Energy Conservation Center, Japan |date = September 1998 |accessdate = 2007-04-14 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070409115501/http://www.eccj.or.jp/SummerTime/conf/index_e.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-04-09}}</ref><ref>Hongo, Jun, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110628i1.html Daylight saving: Is it finally time to convert?]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 28 June 2011, p. 3.</ref> In May 2013, former Tokyo governor [[Naoki Inose]] proposed permanently moving the country’s time zone ahead by 2 hours to better align global markets and make Japan’s stock market to be the first to open in the world at any given time.<ref>{{cite news|author=Preston Phro|title=Gov't considers setting clock ahead by two hours|url=https://japantoday.com/category/national/govt-considers-setting-clock-ahead-by-two-hours|newspaper=Japan Today|date=24 May 2013|accessdate=24 June 2020}}</ref> ==Time zones of the Japanese Empire== The two-time-zone system was implemented in Japan between January 1896 and September 1937: {|class=wikitable !Time offset!!Name!!Japanese!!Romanization!!Region |- |[[GMT+08:00]]||Western Standard Time||西部標準時||Seibu Hyōjunji||Western Okinawa and Taiwan (see also [[Time in Taiwan]]) |- |[[GMT+09:00]]||Central Standard Time||中央標準時||Chūō Hyōjunji||Japan mainland and Korea (see also [[Korea Standard Time]]) |} From October 1937, Central Standard Time was also used in western Okinawa and Taiwan. ==IANA time zone database== The [[IANA time zone database]] contains one zone for Japan in the file [[zone.tab]], named '''Asia/Tokyo'''. ==Daylight saving time in Japan== From 1948 to 1952, [[Japan]] observed daylight saving time (DST) between May and September every year. The [[United States]] imposed this policy as part of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[occupation of Japan]]. In 1952, three weeks before the occupation ended, the Japanese government, which had been granted increased powers, abolished daylight saving time, and the Allied occupation authorities did not interfere.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2002/04/28/national/history/japans-long-awaited-spring/#.W-RKltJvb3g|last=Schreiber|first=Mark|title=Japan's 'long-awaited spring'|newspaper=Japan Times|location=Tokyo|date=28 April 2002|location=Tokyo|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> Since then, DST has never been officially implemented nationwide in Japan.<ref>Hongo, Jun, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110628i1.html Daylight saving: Is it finally time to convert?]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 28 June 2011, p. 3.</ref> Starting in the late 1990s, a movement to reinstate DST in Japan gained some popularity, aiming at saving energy and increasing recreational time. The [[Hokkaido]] region is particularly in favor of this movement because daylight starts as early as 03:30 (in standard time) there in summer due to its high latitude and its location near the eastern edge of the time zone, with much of the region's solar time actually closer to GMT+10:00. Because of this, the sun sets barely after 19:00 in much of the eastern part of the country (in Tokyo, the latest sunset of the entire year is 19:01, from June 26 to July 1, despite being at 35°41'N latitude). After 2000, a few local governments and commerce departments promoted unmandated hour-earlier work schedule experiments during the summer without officially resetting clocks.<ref>[https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/japan-dst-2008.html Thousands in Japan Adopt “Daylight Saving” Plan]</ref> The Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy of the [[Cabinet Office (Japan)|Cabinet Office]] is expected{{when|date=January 2018}}^{(written October 2013)} to propose that the Japanese government begin studying DST in an attempt to help combat [[global warming]]. [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] [[Shinzō Abe]] made a significant effort to introduce daylight saving time, but was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Panel to call for daylight saving time |work=Yomiuri Shimbun |date=2007-06-02 |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20070602TDY01005.htm|archive-url=https://archive.is/20070606121904/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20070602TDY01005.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-06-06 |accessdate=2007-06-02 }}</ref> However, it is not clear that DST would [[daylight saving time#Energy conservation|conserve energy]] in Japan. A 2007 simulation estimated that introducing DST to Japan would increase energy use in [[Osaka]] residences by 0.13%, with a 0.02% saving due to lighting more than outweighed by a 0.15% increase due to cooling costs; the simulation did not examine non-residential buildings.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Energy |year=2007 |volume=32 |issue=9 |pages=1617–1633 |title= Evaluation of city-scale impact of residential energy conservation measures using the detailed end-use simulation model |author= Yoshiyuki Shimoda |author2=Takahiro Asahia |author3=Ayako Taniguchia |author4=Minoru Mizuno |doi=10.1016/j.energy.2007.01.007}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Japanese calendar]] *[[Japanese clock]] *[[JJY]] *[[UTC+09:00]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{Wikisourcelang-inline|ja|本初子午線經度計算方及標準時ノ件|明治十九年勅令第五十一号}} {{Asia topic|Time in}} [[Category:Time in Japan]] [[Category:Time zones]]'