Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{Refimprove|date= January 2020}}', 1 => '{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}', 2 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}', 3 => '{{Infobox settlement', 4 => '| name = Coastal Andhra', 5 => '| native_name = ', 6 => '| native_name_lang = te', 7 => '| other_name = Tira Andhra', 8 => '| settlement_type = [[List of regions of India|Region of Andhra Pradesh]]', 9 => '| image_skyline = ', 10 => '| image_alt =', 11 => '| image_caption =', 12 => '| nickname =', 13 => '| image_map = Coastal Andhra in Andhra Pradesh.png', 14 => '| map_caption = Map of Andhra Pradesh with Coastal Andhra highlighted in Green', 15 => '| coordinates = ', 16 => '| subdivision_type =', 17 => '| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}', 18 => '| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]', 19 => '| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]', 20 => '| established_title = <!-- Established -->', 21 => '| established_date =', 22 => '| founder =', 23 => '| named_for =', 24 => '| government_type =', 25 => '| governing_body =', 26 => '| unit_pref = Metric', 27 => '| area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/andhrapradesh/andhrapradesh-factsheet.htm|title=Andhra Pradesh Fact Sheet|work=mapsofindia.com}}</ref>', 28 => '| area_total_km2 = 95,442', 29 => '| area_rank =', 30 => '| elevation_footnotes =', 31 => '| elevation_m =', 32 => '| population_total = 34,193,868', 33 => '| population_as_of = ', 34 => '| population_footnotes = {{citation needed|date=July 2018}}', 35 => '| population_density_km2 =', 36 => '| population_rank =', 37 => '| population_demonym =', 38 => '| demographics_type1 = Languages', 39 => '| demographics1_title1 = Official', 40 => '| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]', 41 => '| utc_offset1 = +05:30', 42 => '| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->', 43 => '| postal_code =', 44 => '| registration_plate = AP', 45 => '| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest city', 46 => '| blank1_info_sec1 = ', 47 => '| website =', 48 => '| footnotes =', 49 => '| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]', 50 => '| demographics1_title2 = Others', 51 => '| demographics1_info2 =', 52 => '}}', 53 => '', 54 => '[[File:Evening scenic view in peddipalem village of Visakhapatnam District.jpg|thumb|right|Evening scenic view in the village of Peddipalem in [[Visakhapatnam District]].]]', 55 => '[[File:Konaseema greenery 1.JPG|thumb|right|Lush green farms in East [[Godavari]].]]', 56 => '', 57 => ''''Coastal Andhra''' (''{{IAST|Tīra Āndhra}}'') is a region in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. It was part of [[Madras State]] before 1953 and [[Andhra State]] from 1953 to 1956. According to the 2011 census, it has an area of {{convert|95442|sqkm}} which is 57.99% of the total state area and a population of 34,193,868 which is 69.20% of [[Andhra Pradesh]] state population.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} This area includes the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh on the [[Coromandel Coast]] between the [[Eastern Ghats]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]], from the northern border with [[Odisha]] to [[Pulicat lake ]] in the South.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 58 => '', 59 => 'Coastal Andhra has rich agricultural land, owing to the delta of the [[Godavari]] [[Krishna river]] and [[Penna River|Penna]].{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} The prosperity of Coastal Andhra can be attributed to its rich agricultural land and an abundant water supply from these three rivers. Rice grown in [[paddy field]]s is the main crop, with [[pulses]] and [[coconut]]s also being important. The fishing industry is also important to the region.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 60 => '', 61 => '== History ==', 62 => '[[File:Jain Tirthankara Image at Rockcut Caves of Ghanikonda in Ramatheertham.jpg|thumb|Jain [[Tirthankara]] Image at Rockcut Caves of Ghanikonda in [[Ramatheertham]].]]', 63 => 'The region of Andhra rose to political power during the reign of the Maurya Dynasty. [[Megasthenes]] mentioned that Andhra was a flourishing empire of the Satavahanas' since before the common era.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} Coastal Andhra was also ruled by the famous [[Chalukyas]] in between the period of the 7th Century and the 10th century CE.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} This period was followed by the reign of many other dynasties such as the Cholas, the Kakatiyas as well as the Vijayanagar Empire.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 64 => '', 65 => '[[File:Antarvedi temple on the banks of Godavari in Andhra pradesh.jpg|thumb|[[Antarvedi]] temple on the banks of [[Godavari]] in Andhra Pradesh.]]{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 66 => '', 67 => 'According to 11th century inscriptions, coastal Andhra is bounded by Mahendragiri mountains (in north-eastern border with [[Gajapati district]] of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]), [[Kalahasti]] temple (in [[Chittoor district]] near the border of [[Nellore district]]), [[Srisailam]] temple (in [[Kurnool district]] near the border of [[Mahbubnagar district]] and [[Prakasham district]]).<ref name="google">{{cite book|author=Austin Cynthia Talbot Assistant Professor of History and Asian Studies University of Texas|title=Precolonial India in Practice : Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C&pg=PA36|date=23 August 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803123-9|pages=36–}}</ref>', 68 => '', 69 => 'The Gajapati and Ganjam districts of [[Odisha]] were granted to the French East India Company around 1752.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} Later they were transferred by the French to the British. Nellore, which extends as far as Ongole Taluk, was later received from the Nawab of Arcot, under an establishment. Some parts of present-day Nellore and Chittoor were in the hands of Venkatagiri Rajas. The British made an arrangement with the Raja of Venkatagiri in 1802 to claim power in those territories also.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 70 => '', 71 => 'The districts of Andhra (Circar) and Rayalaseema were ceded by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] to the British colonial administration, which became part of [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="geo1">{{cite news|title=Andhra Pradesh – end of an era|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/andhra-pradesh-end-of-an-era-113073001018_1.html|accessdate=8 April 2016|work=Business Standard|date=30 July 2013|location=Hyderabad}}</ref>', 72 => '', 73 => '== Geography ==', 74 => 'Coastal Andhra is located in the eastern region of the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] on the [[Coromandel Coast]] and comprises nine districts: [[East Godavari]], [[West Godavari]], [[Guntur District|Guntur]], [[Krishna District|Krishna]], [[Nellore District|Nellore]], [[Prakasam District|Prakasam]], [[Srikakulam]], [[Visakhapatnam]], and [[Vizianagaram]]. It borders [[Rayalaseema]] regions of the state and the states of [[Telangana]], [[Odisha]]. The presence of the [[Krishna River]] [[Godavari River]] and [[Penna River]] makes the area fertile for irrigation.<ref name="geography" /> The coastal line of this region is the second longest in the country, extending up to 974&nbsp;km.<ref name="geography">{{cite web|title=Administrative and Geographic profile|url=http://msmehyd.ap.nic.in/PROFILE%20-AP.pdf|website=msmehyd.ap.nic.in|accessdate=5 April 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911225305/http://msmehyd.ap.nic.in/PROFILE%20-AP.pdf|archivedate=11 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>', 75 => '', 76 => '== Demographics ==', 77 => '', 78 => 'The area had a total population of 34,195,655 as per [[2011 Census of India]].', 79 => '', 80 => 'Coastal Andhra is predominantly Hindu (around 87%), but there is also a growing Christian minority from predominantly the SC and ST groups. Estimates of the Christian population range from 4% to even 10% of the Coastal Andhra population. <ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Andhra-Pradesh/People</ref>', 81 => '', 82 => 'The main and most spoken language is [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref name="factfile">{{cite web|title=AP Government Portal – Official Andhra Pradesh State Govt. Portala Pradesh|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/1%20ADMINISTRATIVE%20AND%20GEOGRAPHICAL%20PROFILE.pdf|website=www.ap.gov.in|accessdate=5 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603172005/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/1%20ADMINISTRATIVE%20AND%20GEOGRAPHICAL%20PROFILE.pdf|archive-date=3 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 83 => '', 84 => '== Culture ==', 85 => '[[Kuchipudi]] is the classical dance form of the state, which was originated in the [[Kuchipudi]] village of [[Krishna district]].<ref>{{cite news|title=‘Art has to be nurtured to sustain’|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/%E2%80%98Art-has-to-be-nurtured-to-sustain%E2%80%99/article16993784.ece|accessdate=5 April 2017|work=The Hindu}}</ref>', 86 => '', 87 => '=== Cuisine ===', 88 => 'Rice is the staple food in the coastal cuisine and is usually consumed with a variety of curries and lentil soups or broths.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} The cuisine of Coastal Andhra is influenced by various seafood varieties.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 89 => '', 90 => '== Politics ==', 91 => 'The nine districts of Coastal Andhra region are: [[East Godavari]], [[West Godavari]], [[Guntur District|Guntur]], [[Krishna District|Krishna]], [[Nellore District|Nellore]], [[Prakasam District|Prakasam]], [[Srikakulam]], [[Visakhapatnam]], and [[Vizianagaram]].<ref name="Districts of Coastal Andhra">{{cite web | url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/andhrapradesh/districts/ | title=Districts of Coastal Andhra | publisher=mapsofindia | date=19 April 2014}}</ref>', 92 => '', 93 => 'Chief Ministers from the region are:', 94 => '* [[Tanguturi Prakasam]] Panthulu – 1st Chief Minister of Andhra State ([[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]).', 95 => '* [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]] – 2nd Chief Minister of Andhra State ([[Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district|Nellore]]).', 96 => '* [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]] – 3rd Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]).', 97 => '* [[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy]] – 8th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]).', 98 => '* [[N. T. Rama Rao]] – 10th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Krishna district|Krishna]]).', 99 => '* [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]] – 11th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]).', 100 => '* [[Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]] – 12th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district|Nellore]]).', 101 => '* [[Konijeti Rosaiah|K. Rosaiah]] – 15th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]).', 102 => '', 103 => '== Cities and towns ==', 104 => '[[File:Vizagcity.jpg|thumb|right|Overview of Visakhapatnam city]]', 105 => '[[File:Vijayawada landscape.jpg|thumb|Overview of Vijayawada city]]', 106 => '[[Visakhapatnam]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]], [[Nellore]], [[Rajamahendravaram]], [[Kakinada]], are popular cities in this region The other Major cities of this region are [[Eluru]], [[Vizianagaram]], [[Srikakulam]], [[Tenali]], [[Machilipatnam]], [[Ongole]],. Also other major towns in the region are [[Tenali]], [[Chirala]], [[Tadepalligudem]], [[Bhimavaram]], [[Amalapuram]], [[Gudivada]], [[Palakollu]], [[Narasapuram]], [[Gudur]], [[Kavali]], [[Narasaraopeta]], [[Bobbili]], [[Chilakaluripet]], [[Kandukur]]', 107 => '', 108 => '== Tourism ==', 109 => '', 110 => '=== Buddhist hub ===', 111 => '[[File:Gurubhaktulakonda Buddhist Monastery Remnants at Ramatheertham.jpg|thumb|Gurubhaktulakonda [[Buddhist]] Monastery Remnants at [[Ramatheertham]]]]', 112 => 'Coastal Andhra is one of the major Buddhist hubs in India after the [[Gangetic plain]]s in [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Many remnants from large [[monasteries]] to small [[stupas]] are found in this region from [[Srikakulam district]] in the North to [[Nellore district]] in the South. The major Buddhist Remnant sites in this region are as [[Amaravathi village, Guntur district|Amaravati]], [[Salihundam]], [[Ramatheertham]], [[Thotlakonda]], [[Bavikonda]], [[Bojjannakonda]], Kummarilova,<ref>{{cite web|author=B.V.S. Bhaskar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/buddhist-site-found-near-tuni/article2898357.ece |title=Buddhist site found near Tuni |publisher=The Hindu |date=16 February 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> Kodavali,<ref>{{cite web|author=K.N. Murali Sankar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/asi-gets-tough-with-encroachers/article2669627.ece |title=ASI gets tough with encroachers |publisher=The Hindu |date=29 November 2011 |accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> [[Bhattiprolu]] etc.', 113 => '', 114 => '[[File:Boats at Bhimili beach Visakhapatnam District.JPG|thumb|Boats at Bhimili ([[Bheemunipatnam]]) beach in [[Visakhapatnam District]]]]', 115 => '', 116 => '=== Rivers, lakes and wetlands ===', 117 => 'Andhra Pradesh contains 259 coastal wetlands, covering an area of 18,552&nbsp;km²,<ref>Wetlands of India report, ISRO</ref> out of which 88 are manmade.', 118 => '', 119 => 'Lakes [[Kolleru Lake|Kolleru]] and [[Pulicat Lake|Pulicat]] are the two major lakes in Coastal Andhra.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} Kolleru, a natural sweet-water lake, is situated in the West Godavari district and serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for the two rivers. The lake is also an important habitat for up to 50,000 resident and migratory birds.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} The lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India's Wildlife Protection Act, and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002 under the international [[Ramsar Convention]]. [[Pulicat Lake|Pulicat]] is the largest saltwater lake in the country, located in [[Nellore]] and spreads between Andhra Pradesh and [[Tamil Nadu]].{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} This is one of the famous attractions in south India. In this region, the river Akhanda [[Godavari River|Godavari]] splits into several [[distributary]] branches, including the Gouthami, Vasishta, Vainatheya, and Vruddha Gouthami, before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]].{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}', 120 => '', 121 => '[[File:May sun gives cool breeze!!.jpg|thumb|At [[Palakollu]] West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Godavari breezes during the evening!]]', 122 => '', 123 => '== Transport ==', 124 => '[[File:Rps20160709 141628.jpg|thumb|[[Vijayawada]]-[[Guntur]] Expressway section of NH-16]]', 125 => '[[File:KAKINADA STATION MAIN ENTRANCE.jpg|thumb|Kakinada Town Jn. Railway Station main entrance|220x220px]]', 126 => '[[File:Vijayawad Airport new Terminal.jpg|thumb|Vijayawada Airport Terminal]]', 127 => '[[File:Vizag Seaport aerial view.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Vizag Sea Port]]', 128 => '[[File:Mypadubeach.jpg|thumb|Mypadu beach near Nellore]]', 129 => '* The [[East Coast Railway]] (ECoR) serves [[Srikakulam]], [[Vizianagaram District]], and part of [[Visakhapatnam]] district, including [[Visakhapatnam City]]. [[Vijayawada]] is the one of the busiest railway junctions in [[India]], serving many express trains.', 130 => '* Buses and trains originate from stations in this region, including [[Visakhapatnam railway station|Visakhapatnam]], [[Rajamahendravaram]], [[Kakinada Port railway station|Kakinada Port]], [[Kakinada Town railway station]], [[Narsapuram]], [[Machilipatnam railway station|Machilipatnam]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]], [[Tenali]], [[Nellore railway station]], and [[Repalle]].', 131 => '* The airports in this region are [[Visakhapatnam Airport]], [[Rajahmundry Airport]], [[Vijayawada Airport]].', 132 => '* [[Visakhapatnam Port]] and [[Kakinada Port]] are the major ports in Coastal Andhra. The state of Andhra Pradesh is the second-busiest maritime state (after [[Gujarat]]) in terms of cargo handled.<ref>{{cite news|author1=P.Manoj|title=Dugarajapatnam in Andhra Pradesh to have new major port|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/bOhk7gMjTCGnUqamWzNYAM/Dugarajapatnam-in-Andhra-Pradesh-to-have-new-major-port.html|accessdate=26 July 2014|work=Live Mint and The Wall Street Journal|date=10 May 2013}}</ref> Visakhapatnam Port is the one of the busiest cargo-handling ports in the country.<ref name="IBTimes">{{cite news|author1=Rama Mohan|title=AP to Set up Maritime Board to Develop Ports|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ap-set-maritime-board-develop-ports-604320|accessdate=26 July 2014|work=ibtimes.co.in|publisher=International Business Times, India|date=13 July 2014}}</ref>', 133 => '* [[Krishnapatnam Port]] at [[Nellore]] and [[Gangavaram Port]] are major private ports, and there are minor ports at [[Machilipatnam Port]] and [[Nizampatnam|Nizampatnam Port]] in Guntur.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}', 134 => '', 135 => '== Notable personalities ==', 136 => '{{Unreferenced section|date= January 2020}}', 137 => ''''National flag design'''', 138 => '* [[Pingali Venkayya]]', 139 => '', 140 => ''''Singers'''', 141 => '* [[M. Balamuralikrishna|Bala Murali Krishna]]', 142 => '* [[SP Balasubramanyam]]', 143 => '* [[S Janaki]]', 144 => '* [[P Susheela]]', 145 => '', 146 => ''''Telugu literature, arts and cinema'''', 147 => '* [[Nannayya]]', 148 => '* [[Tikkana]]', 149 => '* [[Tenali Ramakrishna]]', 150 => '* [[Gurajada Apparao]]', 151 => '* [[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]]', 152 => '* [[Devulapalli Venkata Krishna Sastri]]', 153 => '* [[Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary]]', 154 => '* [[Gurram Jashuva]]', 155 => '* [[S. V. Ranga Rao]]', 156 => '* [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]]', 157 => '* [[Pingali Venkayya]]', 158 => '* [[N. T. Rama Rao]]', 159 => '* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]', 160 => '* [[Krishna Ghattamaneni]]', 161 => '* [[Chiranjeevi]]', 162 => '* [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]', 163 => '* [[Pavan kalyan]]', 164 => '* [[Goparaju Ramachandra Rao]]', 165 => '* [[S. S. Rajamouli]]', 166 => '', 167 => ''''Other'''', 168 => '* [[Chadalawada Krishnamurthy]] TTD Chairman', 169 => '', 170 => '== See also ==', 171 => '* [[Rayalaseema]]', 172 => '* [[Telangana]]', 173 => '', 174 => '== References ==', 175 => '{{Reflist}}', 176 => '', 177 => '== External links ==', 178 => '*{{Commons category-inline|Coastal Andhra}}', 179 => '', 180 => '{{Andhra Pradesh}}', 181 => '{{Godavari basin}}', 182 => '', 183 => '{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}', 184 => '', 185 => '[[Category:Coastal Andhra| ]]', 186 => '[[Category:Coromandel Coast]]', 187 => '[[Category:Regions of Andhra Pradesh]]', 188 => '[[Category:Proposed states and territories of India]]' ]