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'{{family name hatnote|Sakamoto|lang=Japanese}} {{Expand Japanese|坂本龍馬|topic=hist|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox person | name = Sakamoto Ryōma<br />{{lang|ja|坂本龍馬}} | image = Sakamoto Ryoma.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | birth_date = January 3, 1836 | birth_place = [[Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi]], [[Tosa Province]], [[Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=y|1867|12|10|1836|1|3}} | death_cause = Assassination | nationality = | death_place = [[Kyoto]], [[Yamashiro Province]], Japan | education = | occupation = [[Samurai]], [[politician]] | spouse = [[Narasaki Ryō]] | parents = Hachihei (Naotari), Sachi | other_names = {{nowrap|'''[[Japanese name#Historical names|Imina]]''' Naokage, Naonari}} | module = {{Infobox Chinese | child = yes | kyujitai = 坂本 龍馬 | shinjitai = 坂本 竜馬 | romaji = Sakamoto Ryōma | hiragana = さかもと りょうま | katakana = サカモト リョウマ }} }} {{nihongo|'''Sakamoto Ryōma'''|[[:ja:坂本龍馬|坂本龍馬]]||3 January 1836 – 10 December 1867}} was a [[Japan|Japanese]] ''[[samurai]]'' and influential figure of the ''[[Bakumatsu]]'' and establishment of the [[Empire of Japan]] in the late [[Edo period]]. He was a low-ranking ''samurai'' from the [[Tosa Domain]] on [[Shikoku]] and became an active opponent of the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]] after the end of Japan's ''[[sakoku]]'' isolationist policy. Ryōma under the alias {{nihongo|'''Saitani Umetarō'''|才谷梅太郎|}} worked against the [[Bakufu]], the government of the Tokugawa shogunate, and was often hunted by their supporters and the ''[[Shinsengumi]]''. Ryōma advocated for [[democracy]], Japanese [[nationalism]], return of power to the [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Imperial Court]], abolition of [[feudalism]], and moderate [[modernization]] and [[industrialization]] of Japan. Ryōma successfully negotiated the [[Satchō Alliance]] between the powerful rival [[Chōshū Domain|Chōshū]] and [[Satsuma Domain|Satsuma]] domains and united them against the Bakufu. Ryōma was assassinated in December 1867 with his companion [[Nakaoka Shintarō]], shortly before the [[Boshin War]] and the [[Meiji Restoration]]. == Early life == Sakamoto Ryōma was born on 3 January 1836 in [[Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi]] in the [[Han system|han]] (domain) of [[Tosa Domain|Tosa]], located in [[Tosa Province]] (present-day [[Kōchi Prefecture]]) on the island of [[Shikoku]]. By the [[Japanese calendar]], Ryōma was born on the 15th day of the 11th month, of the sixth year of ''[[Tenpō]]''. The Sakamoto family held the rank of country ''[[samurai]]'' or ''{{illm|Gōshi|ja|ja:郷士|dt=''gōshi''}}'', the lowest rank in the ''samurai'' hierarchy, which previous generations had purchased by acquiring enough wealth as ''[[sake]]'' brewers. Unlike other Japanese domains, Tosa had a strictly-enforced separation between the ''joshi'' (high-ranking samurai) and ''kashi'' (low-ranking samurai). The ranks were treated unequally and residential areas were segregated; even in Sakamoto Ryōma's generation (the third in the Sakamoto family), his family's samurai rank remained ''kashi''. At the age of twelve, Ryōma was enrolled in a [[private school]], but this was a brief episode in his life as he showed little scholarly inclination. Ryōma's older sister subsequently enrolled him in [[fencing]] classes of the Oguri-ryū when he was 14, after he was bullied at school. By the time Ryōma reached adulthood, he was by all accounts a master [[swordsman]]. In 1853, Ryōma was allowed by his clan to travel to [[Edo]], the seat of the ruling [[Tokugawa shogunate]] and the ''[[de facto]]'' capital of Japan, to train and polish his skills as a swordsman. Ryōma enrolled as a student at the famous [[Hokushin Ittō-ryū]] Hyōhō [[Hokushin Ittō-ryū|Chiba-Dōjō]], which was led by its first Headmaster Chiba Sadakichi Masamichi at that time. Ryōma received the scroll from the school that declared his mastery.<ref>Kyodo, Staff Report, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/09/national/history/sakamoto-swordsmanship-scroll-declared-authentic/ Sakamoto swordsmanship scroll declared authentic]", ''[[The Japan Times]]'', Nov 9, 2015</ref> Ryōma became a ''[[shihan]]'' at the [[Hokushin Ittō-ryū|Chiba-Dōjō]] and taught [[Kenjutsu]] to the students together with Chiba Jūtarō Kazutane, in whom he found a close friend. ==Politics== [[File:Sakamoto_Ryōma.jpg|thumb|Sakamoto Ryōma standing (circa 1866)]] ===Early ''Bakumatsu''=== In 1853, the [[Perry Expedition]] began while Ryōma was studying and teaching in Edo, beginning the ''[[Bakumatsu]]'' period. Commodore [[Matthew C. Perry]] of the [[United States]] arrived in Japan with a fleet of ships to forcibly end the centuries-old ''[[sakoku]]'' policy of national [[isolationism]]. In March 1854, Perry pressured the Tokugawa to sign the [[Convention of Kanagawa]], officially ending the ''sakoku'' policy but widely perceived in Japan as an "[[Unequal treaty#Japan and Korea|unequal treaty]]" and a sign of weakness. The prestige and legitimacy of the ''[[Shōgun]]'', a ''de facto'' [[military dictator]] with nominal appointment from the [[Emperor of Japan]], was severely damaged to the public. The convention was signed by the ''[[rōjū]]'' [[Abe Masahiro]], acting as [[regent]] for the young and sickly ''Shōgun'' [[Tokugawa Iesada]], against the will of the [[Imperial Court in Kyoto]], the ''[[de jure]]'' ruling authority. Anti-Tokugawa considered this evidence the ''Shōgun'' could no longer fulfil the Emperor's will, and therefore no longer fit to rule for him. Ryōma and many of the ''samurai'' class supported returning state power directly to the Imperial Court in Kyoto and began [[Demonstration (political)|agitating]] for the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1858, Ryōma returned to Tosa after completing his studies, and became politically active in the local ''[[Sonnō jōi]]'', the anti-Tokugawa movement that arose in the aftermath of the Convention of Kanagawa. In 1862, Ryōma's friend [[Takechi Hanpeita]] (or Takechi Zuizan) organized the Tosa Loyalist Party "Kinnoto", a ''Sonnō jōi'' organization of about 2000 samurai (mostly from the lower rank) with the political slogan "Revere the [[Emperor Kōmei|Emperor]], Expel the Barbarians" that insisted on the reform of the Tosa government. [[Yamauchi Toyoshige]], the ''[[daimyō]]'' (lord) of the Tosa Domain, refused to recognize the group. In response, Tosa Kinnoto plotted to assassinate Yamauchi's governor, [[Yoshida Toyo]], who was appointed as a [[reform]]er and [[modernizer]]. Yoshida was later assassinated by the Tosa Kinnoto after Ryōma had left Tosa. Ryōma participated in the plot but did not advocate: he believed Tosa Kinnoto should do something for all of Japan, while Takechi demanded a revolution for only the Tosa clan. Ryōma decided to separate from Takechi and leave Tosa without authorization. In those days, no one in Japan was permitted to leave their clan without permission under the [[penalty of death]], known as ''dappan''. One of Ryōma's sisters committed [[suicide]] because he left without permission. Sakamoto would later use the alias "Saitani Umetarō" (才谷 梅太郎) as he worked against the ''shōgun''.<ref>Hongo, Jun, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100427i1.html Sakamoto, the man and the myth]", ''[[The Japan Times]]'', April 27, 2010, p. 3.</ref> Ryōma is mentioned under this alias in the diary of [[Ernest Satow]] for 30 September 1867: "Mr. Saedani had to be sat up for laughing at the questions put by us, evidently with the object of ridiculing us out of our case, but he got a flea in his lug and shut up making the most diabolical faces."<ref>R. Morton & I. Ruxton, eds., ''The Diaries of Sir Ernest Mason Satow, 1861–69,'' Kyoto: Eureka Press, 2013, p. 262.</ref> ===Late ''Bakumatsu''=== While a ''[[rōnin]]'', Ryōma decided to assassinate [[Katsu Kaishū]], a high-ranking official in the Tokugawa shogunate and a supporter of both modernization and [[westernization]]. However, Katsu Kaishū persuaded Ryōma of the necessity of a long-term plan to increase Japan's military strength in the face of Western influence that led to the Convention of Kanagawa. Instead of killing Katsu Kaishū, Ryōma started working as his assistant and [[protégé]]. In 1864, as the Tokugawa shogunate began taking a hard line against [[dissenter]]s, Ryōma fled to [[Kagoshima]] in [[Satsuma Domain]], which was developing as a major centre for the anti-Tokugawa movement. In 1866, Ryōma successfully negotiated the secret [[Satchō Alliance]] between the Satsuma and [[Chōshū Domain|Chōshū]] – two powerful domains that historically had been irreconcilable enemies. Ryōma's position as a "neutral outsider" was critical in bridging the gap in trust and ending the feud, and accomplished the establishment of a significant [[military alliance]] against the Tokugawa. Ryōma is often regarded as the "father of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]", as he worked under Katsu Kaishū's direction toward creating a modern [[naval force]] (with the aid of western powers) to enable Satsuma and Chōshū to hold their own against the naval forces of the Tokugawa shogunate.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}<!--Isn't Katsu Kaishu considered the father of the IJN?--> Ryōma founded the private navy and trading company [[kaientai|Kameyama Shachū]] in [[Nagasaki City]] with the help of the Satsuma, which later became ''kaientai'' or Ocean Support Fleet. Chōshū's subsequent victory over the Tokugawa army in 1866 and the impending collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate made Ryōma a valuable commodity to his former masters in Tosa, and recalled to Kōchi with honours. The Tosa Domain was anxious to obtain a negotiated settlement between the ''Shōgun'' and the Emperor, which would prevent the powerful Satchō Alliance from overthrowing the Tokugawa by force and thus emerging as a new dominant force in ruling Japan. Ryōma again played a crucial role in the subsequent negotiations that led to the voluntary resignation of the Shogun [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] in 1867, thus bringing about the [[Meiji Restoration]]. ==Death== Ryōma was [[assassination|assassinated]] at the [[:ja:近江屋事件|Ōmiya Inn]] ([[:ja:近江屋|Omiya]]) in Kyoto on 10 December 1867, not long before the [[Meiji Restoration]] took place, at the age of 31. At night, assassins gathered at the door of the inn, one approached and knocked, acting as an ordinary caller. The door was answered by Ryōma's bodyguard and manservant Yamada Tōkichi (山田藤吉), a former [[rikishi|sumo wrestler]], who told the stranger he would see if Ryōma was accepting callers at that hour of the evening. When the bodyguard turned his back, the visitor at the door drew his sword and fatally slashed his back. The team of assassins then rushed in past the dying bodyguard and up the stairs to the guests' rooms. Ryōma and his associate [[Nakaoka Shintarō]] were resting and talking in one room. Hearing the scuffle on the first floor, Ryōma opened the door to yell at his bodyguard, thinking he was wrestling with a friend. The assassins charged the room, some tearing through the [[shōji|paper door]]s, and a confused melée ensued as lamps were knocked over and the room went dark. By the end of the fight, both Ryōma and Shintaro lay badly wounded, and the assassins fled. Ryōma died that night, regretting with his last words that his assassins caught him unprepared. Shintaro succumbed to injuries two days later, never regained enough consciousness to identify the assassins but mentioned hearing [[Iyo, Ehime|Iyo]] dialect among the killers. The night of the assassination was eventually called the Omiya Incident (近江屋事件). According to the traditional [[lunar calendar]], Ryōma was born on the 15th day of the 11th month, and killed on his birthday in 1867. Initial reports of Ryōma's and Shintarō's deaths accused members of the ''[[Shinsengumi]]'', a [[special police]] force of swordsmen from the [[Bakufu]] (Tokugawa military government) based in [[Kyoto]]. Shinsengumi leader [[Kondō Isami]] was later executed on this charge. However, members of another pro-''shōgun'' group, the ''[[Kyoto Mimawarigumi|Mimawarigumi]]'', confessed to the murder in 1870. Although ''Mimawarigumi'' members [[:ja:佐々木只三郎|Sasaki Tadasaburō]] (佐々木 只三郎) and [[Imai Nobuo]] carry the blame, the identity of the true assassin has never been proven.<ref>Gombrich, Marius, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fa20100507a1.html Crime scene investigation: Edo: Samurai Sakamoto Ryoma's murder scene makes a grisly but fascinating show]", ''[[The Japan Times]]'', May 7, 2010, p. 15.</ref> [[Matsugoro Okuda|Okuda Matsugoro]], who was known by working since his early adolescence as a spy for Kondō, was rumored to have taken part in the assassination.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yawata|first1=Hideo|authorlink=|title=Remnants of Yawara|date=1973|publisher=Danburisha|isbn=}}</ref> == Legacy == [[Image:Teradaya fg2.jpg|thumb|The Teradaya Inn in Kyoto, where Ryōma was attacked in a failed assassination attempt, before being fatally injured at Omiya Inn.]] Ryōma was a visionary who dreamt of an independent Japan without [[feudalism]] or the [[caste]] system, inspired by the example of the United States where "[[all men are created equal]]". Ryōma was an admirer of [[Democracy|democratic]] principles and studied democratic governance, particularly the [[United States Congress]] and [[British Parliament]], as a model for the governance of Japan after the Restoration. Ryōma argued that after centuries of having little-to-no political power, the Imperial Court lacked the resources and wherewithal to run the country. Ryōma wrote the "Eight Proposals While Shipboard" (『船中八策』) while discussing the future model of Japanese government with [[Gotō Shōjirō]] on board a Tosa ship outside Nagasaki in 1867. Ryōma outlined the need for a democratically elected [[bicameral legislature]], the writing of a [[constitution]], the formation of a national [[arm]]y and navy, and the regulation of the [[exchange rate]]s of [[gold]] and [[silver]]. Ryōma read about the Western world and realized that for Japan to compete with an industrially and technologically advanced outside world, the Japanese people needed to modernize. Ryōma's proposals are thought to form the basis for the subsequent [[parliamentary system]] implemented in Japan after his death. Ryōma has also been seen as an intriguing mix of the traditional and modern, symbolized by his preference for samurai dress while favoring Western footwear.{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}} Ryōma has been heavily featured and romanticized [[#In popular culture|in Japanese popular culture]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} === Honors in modern times === On 15 November 2003, the Kōchi Airport was renamed the [[Kōchi Airport|Kōchi Ryōma Airport]] in his honor. There is a [[Sakamoto Ryōma Memorial Museum]] (坂本龍馬記念館) south of Kōchi, with a large bronze statue of Ryoma overlooking the sea. The city of Kōchi has a number of Ryōma-themed attractions and locations, including the Sakamoto Ryōma Birthplace Memorial, and the Sakamoto Ryōma Hometown Museum, dedicated to showing what downtown Kōchi was like during Ryōma's childhood, including relevant aspects that may have influenced his views. On 15 November 2009, the Hokkaidō Sakamoto Ryōma Memorial Museum was built in [[Hakodate, Hokkaido]]. Asteroid [[2835 Ryoma]] is named after him. Asteroid 5823 Oryo is named after his wife. == Family == '''Parents''' * Father Yahei ([[Japanese name#Historical names|Imina]] Naotari) * Mother Sachi '''Stepmother''' * Iyo '''Brother''' * Gonbei (the elder) '''Sisters''' * Chizu (the eldest) * Ei (the second) * [[:ja:坂本乙女|Tome]] (the third) '''Wife''' * [[Narasaki Ryō]] (commonly called Oryō) '''Child''' * Tarō (adopted child, Chizu's child) == In popular culture == An April 2010 ''[[Japan Times]]'' article wrote "Ryōma has inspired at least seven television drama series, six novels, seven manga and five films." Actor [[Masaharu Fukuyama]] said that Ryoma's appeal stems from being "the kind of person onto whom anyone can project themselves", when describing his role as Ryoma in the [[NHK]] drama ''[[Ryōmaden]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Corkill |first=Edan |title= Legendary, dirty samurai gets makeover |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fd20091225r1.html |date=January 3, 2010 |accessdate=January 3, 2010 |work= [[The Japan Times]]}}</ref> lmao 2020 sucks Sakamoto Ryoma is a principle character in the manga and subsequent 2009 [[TBS Television|TBS]] series ''[[Jin (TV series) |Jin]]''. He was portrayed by [[Seiyō Uchino]]. Sakamoto is a recurring character in the [[NHK]] ''[[Taiga Drama]]: [[Shinsengumi!]]''. He is portrayed as a friend of [[Kondō Isami]] since their younger days. In the drama he is assassinated by [[Sasaki Tadasaburō]] and the [[Mimawarigumi]]. In [[NHK]]'s [[Taiga Drama]] ''[[Segodon]]'', Sakamoto Ryōma is portrayed by actor [[Shun Oguri]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://thetv.jp/news/detail/154685/ |script-title=ja:＜西郷どん＞小栗旬の“龍馬”登場に女子騒然！「“男くささ”がたまらない!!」|date= July 16, 2018|website= The TV |language= ja |access-date= September 19, 2018}}</ref> Sakamoto Ryoma appears in the 1982 Anime film, Haguregumo. In the video game ''[[Ryu ga Gotoku Ishin! |Ryū Ga Gotoku Ishin!]]'', the second samurai-themed spinoff to the [[Yakuza (series) |''Yakuza'' video game series]], Sakamoto Ryōma is the main protagonist. He is voiced by and modeled after actor [[Takaya Kuroda]]. Sakamoto appears in the historical manga ''[[Shura no Toki]]'', which was later adapted into the anime, ''[[Mutsuen Meiryū Gaiden: Shura no Toki]]''. Sakamoto Ryōma appears as a [[Player character|playable character]] in the mobile game ''[[Fate/Grand Order]]'', with additional appearances in other ''Fate'' media, like the manga ''Fate/KOHA-ACE'' and its revised adaptation, ''Fate/type Redline.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 June 2018|title=【終了】期間限定イベント「ぐだぐだ帝都聖杯奇譚」開催！|url=https://news.fate-go.jp/2018/teito/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Fate/Grand Order 公式サイト}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dennison|first=Kara|date=10 December 2019|title=Fate/type Redline Manga Will Give KOHA-ACE a Makeover|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/en-gb/anime-news/2019/12/10/fatetype-redline-manga-will-give-koha-ace-a-makeover|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Crunchyroll|language=en-gb}}</ref> In addition, he also makes appearances, with varying levels of historical accuracy, in numerous other manga, anime, and video games. [[GReeeeN]] wrote a song about what Sakamoto would be like in the modern world. The song is titled [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEyhXz1O8XE "Sakamoto"].<ref>{{Cite web|title=YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEyhXz1O8XE|access-date=2020-06-15|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="4"> File:Sakamoto Ryōma2.jpg|Sakamoto Ryōma in 1867 File:Narasaki_Ryo.jpg|[[Narasaki Ryō]] (Oryō), born in Kyoto, Ryōma's wife File:Tomb_of_Sakamoto_Ryoma_torii.jpg|Tomb of Sakamoto Ryōma, in ''[[Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku Shrine|Ryōzen Gokoku Jinja]]'' (京都霊山護国神社), [[Kyoto]]. File:Tomb_of_Sakamoto_Ryoma_center.jpg|Tomb of Sakamoto Ryōma (detail). File:Kaientai Flag.svg|Flag of Kaientai File:Kikyō mon.svg|Sakamoto family crest, Kikyōmon (Chinese bellflower) </gallery> == See also == * [[Gotō Shōjirō]] * [[List of unsolved murders (before the 20th century)|List of unsolved murders]] * ''[[Ryoma Ansatsu]]'': 1974 film depicting Ryoma's last three days. * [[Shūsui Kōtoku]] * [[The Top 100 Historical Persons in Japan]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} == References == {{Portal|Japan|History|Transport|Biography}} * [[William G. Beasley|Beasley, William G.]] (1972). ''The Meiji Restoration.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|0804708150}}, {{ISBN|9780804708159}}. {{oclc|579232}}. * [[Marius Jansen|Jansen, Marius B.]], and [[Gilbert Rozman]], eds. (1986). ''Japan in Transition: from Tokugawa to Meiji.'' Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]]. {{ISBN|0691054592}}, {{ISBN|9780691054599}}. {{oclc|12311985}}. * [[Marius Jansen|Jansen, Marius B.]] (1961). ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{oclc|413111}}. == External links == {{Wikisourcelang|ja|坂本龍馬の手紙|Letters of Ryōma Sakamoto}} {{Wikisourcelang|ja|坂本龍馬/船中八策|Senchū hassaku}} {{Wikisourcelang|ja|坂本龍馬/新政府綱領八策|Shin seifu koryō hassaku}} {{Wikisourcelang|ja|坂本龍馬関係文書|The documents about Ryōma Sakamoto}} {{Commons+cat|Sakamoto Ryoma|Sakamoto Ryoma}} * [https://www.ryoma-kinenkan.jp/ The Sakamoto Ryōma Memorial Museum in Kochi] {{in lang|ja}} * [http://www.ryoma1115.com/ Hokkaidō Sakamoto Ryōma Memorial Museum] {{in lang|ja}} * [http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/kameyama/ Nagasaki Kameyamashachū Memorial Museum] {{in lang|ja}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130120174235/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp//eng/tokubetsu/050716/tokubetsu.html#top Kyōto National Museum 2005 - Sakamoto Ryōma exhibitions] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507051853/http://www.nhk-p.co.jp/tenran/20100427_120229.html 2010 NHK Taiga drama exhibitions "Ryōmaden"] {{in lang|ja}} ** [http://www.edo-tokyo-museum.or.jp/kikaku/page/2010/0427/0427.html Edo-Tokyo Museum 2010 NHK Taiga drama exhibitions "Ryōmaden"] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110120183427/http://www.bunpaku.or.jp/old/exhi_ryoma.html The Museum of Kyoto 2010 NHK Taiga drama exhibitions "Ryōmaden"] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20100515175246/http://www.kochi-bunkazaidan.or.jp/~rekimin/exhibit/project2.html Kōchi Prefectural Museum of History 2010 NHK Taiga drama exhibitions "Ryōmaden"] ** [http://www.nmhc.jp/sakamotoryoma/index.html Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture 2010 NHK Taiga drama exhibitions "Ryōmaden"] * [http://www.nmhc.jp/ryomaden/ Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture "Ryōmaden Kan 2010"] {{in lang|ja}} * [http://kindai.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/880806/1 National Diet Library electronic library "Kanketsu senri no koma"] {{in lang|ja}} * [http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/89.html?c=0 National Diet Library biography & photo] * [http://www.ndl.go.jp/modern/e/cha1/description02.html National Diet Library Shin seifu koryō hassaku] * [[Japan Mint]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110817073616/http://www.mint.go.jp/coin/kahei/tushin_hanbai/page37.html Sakamoto Ryōma 2007 Proof Coin Set] {{in lang|ja}} * [http://www.shotentai.com/ Shotentai.com -About Sakamoto Ryoma] {{in lang|ja}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEyhXz1O8XE GReeeeN 「SAKAMOTO」] <!-- Do not change the order. --> <!-- Sakamoto is the family name. --> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sakamoto, Ryoma}} [[Category:Assassinated Japanese politicians]] [[Category:1836 births]] [[Category:1867 deaths]] [[Category:Japanese businesspeople]] [[Category:Japanese revolutionaries]] [[Category:Japanese swordsmen]] [[Category:Male murder victims]] [[Category:Meiji Restoration]] [[Category:People from Kōchi, Kōchi]] [[Category:People from Tosa Domain]] [[Category:People murdered in Japan]] [[Category:Samurai]] [[Category:Unsolved murders in Japan]]'