Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}', 1 => '{{Infobox royalty', 2 => '|name = Louis II', 3 => '|image = Cottrau - Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (1804-1831).jpg', 4 => '|caption = ', 5 => '|succession = [[King of Holland]]', 6 => '|reign = 1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810', 7 => '|predecessor = [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I]]', 8 => '|succession1 = [[Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves]]', 9 => '|reign1 = {{nowrap|3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813}}', 10 => '|regent1 = [[Napoleon]]', 11 => '|predecessor1 = [[Joachim Murat|Joachim I]]', 12 => '|spouse = [[Charlotte Bonaparte]]', 13 => '|issue = ', 14 => '|house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]', 15 => '|father = [[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I of Holland]]', 16 => '|mother = [[Hortense de Beauharnais]]', 17 => '|birth_date = 11 October 1804', 18 => '|birth_place = Paris, [[First French Empire]]', 19 => '|death_date = {{Death date and age|1831|3|17|1804|10|11|df=yes}}', 20 => '|death_place = [[Forlì]], [[Papal States]]', 21 => '|burial_place = [[Saint-Leu-la-Forêt]]', 22 => '}}', 23 => '{{Infobox Dutch Royalty styles|own', 24 => '| name = Louis II of Holland', 25 => '| image = Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg', 26 => '| image_size = 70px', 27 => '| dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Majesty]]', 28 => '| offstyle = Your Majesty', 29 => '}}', 30 => ''''Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte''' (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was [[King of Holland]] for less than two weeks in July 1810 as '''Louis II'''. He was a son of [[Louis Bonaparte|King Louis I]] and [[Queen Hortense]]. His father was the younger brother of [[Napoléon I]], [[Emperor of the French]], and ruled Holland from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of [[Josephine de Beauharnais]], Napoléon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became Emperor of the French as [[Napoléon III]].', 31 => '', 32 => '==Background==', 33 => 'Napoléon Louis's elder brother, [[Napoleon Charles Bonaparte|Napoléon Charles]], died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became [[Crown prince|Prince Royal of Holland]]. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise]], gave birth to a son, [[Napoleon II of France|Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte]], who was styled the [[King of the Romans|King of Rome]] and later the Duke of Reichstadt.', 34 => '', 35 => 'In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of [[Berg (state)|Berg]], a status he kept until 1813.', 36 => '', 37 => 'On 1 July 1810, [[Louis I of Holland]] abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.<ref>{{cite book|author=Foissy, M.|title=La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264|url=https://archive.org/details/lafamillebonapa00foisgoog|year=1830|publisher=Vergne|location=Paris|language=French|page=[https://archive.org/details/lafamillebonapa00foisgoog/page/n109 101]}}</ref> For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as ''Lodewijk II'', King of Holland.', 38 => '', 39 => 'When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the [[House of Bourbon]] was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the [[Napoleonic Empire]].', 40 => '', 41 => 'Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, [[Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte|Charlotte]], who was the daughter of [[Joseph Bonaparte]], eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother [[Napoléon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the [[Carbonari]], an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.', 42 => '', 43 => 'On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from [[measles]], died in [[Forlì]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bresler|1999|pp=94–95}}</ref> Eventually, the Napoleonic Empire was restored by Napoléon Louis's younger brother, who became [[Napoléon III]] in 1852.', 44 => '', 45 => 'Napoléon Louis is buried at [[Saint-Leu-La-Foret]], [[Île-de-France]].', 46 => '', 47 => '==Arms==', 48 => '<gallery class=center widths=250 heights=300>', 49 => 'File:Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg', 50 => 'File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg|Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland', 51 => '</gallery>', 52 => '', 53 => '== Gallery ==', 54 => '<gallery>', 55 => 'Image:Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte, by François-Joseph Kinson.jpg|Portrait by [[François Kinson]], c.1810', 56 => 'Image:Hector Viger - L'impératrice Joséphine reçoit à la Malmaison la visite du Tsar Alexandre Ier.jpg|With family and [[Emperor Alexander I|Emperor Alexander I of Russia]] at [[Château de Malmaison]]', 57 => 'Image:Napoléon III et l'Italie - Félix Cottrau - Le prince Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte - 001.jpg|Portrait by [[Félix Cottrau]]', 58 => 'Image:Portrait of Louis Bonapart.jpg|Portrait with his father, [[Louis Bonaparte]]', 59 => 'Image:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1804-1831).jpg|Napoléon Louis in later years', 60 => '</gallery>', 61 => '', 62 => '==References==', 63 => '{{reflist}}', 64 => '', 65 => '{{s-start}}', 66 => '{{s-hou|[[House of Bonaparte]]|11 October|1804|17 March|1831}}', 67 => '{{s-reg}}', 68 => '{{s-bef|before=[[Louis Bonaparte|Louis I]]}}', 69 => '{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Holland]] |years=1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810 }}', 70 => '{{s-vac|next=[[William I of the Netherlands|William I]]|as=[[King of the Netherlands]]}}', 71 => '{{s-bef|before=[[Joachim Murat|Joachim I]]}}', 72 => '{{s-ttl|title=[[Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves]]|years=3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813}}', 73 => '{{s-non|reason=''Title abolished''}}', 74 => '{{s-break}}', 75 => '{{s-roy|nl}}', 76 => '{{s-bef|before=[[Napoléon Charles Bonaparte]]}}', 77 => '{{s-ttl|title=[[List of heirs to the Dutch throne|Heir to the Dutch throne]]'''<br/>''as Prince Royal of Holland''|years='''5 May 1807 – 1 July 1810}}', 78 => '{{s-vac|next=[[William II of the Netherlands|William Frederick]]|as=[[Prince of Orange]]}}', 79 => '{{s-end}}', 80 => '', 81 => '{{Monarchs of the Netherlands}}', 82 => '{{Monarchs of Berg}}', 83 => '{{Bonaparte family}}', 84 => '{{Authority control}}' ]