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{{short description|Capital of Vermont, United States}}
<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Montpelier
|settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital]] and [[List of cities in Vermont|city]]
|named_for = [[Montpellier]], [[France]]
|other_name =
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = Vermont State House Montpelier VT 2014 10 18 09.JPG
|imagesize =
|image_caption = The [[Vermont State House]], Montpelier's best-known landmark
|image_flag = Flag of Montpelier, Vermont.svg
|flag_size =
|image_seal = Seal of Montpelier, Vermont.svg
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map = Washington County Vermont Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Montpelier highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location in [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington County]] in [[Vermont]]
| pushpin_label = Montpelier
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[United States]]
| pushpin_relief = yes
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{US}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Vermont}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Vermont|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of the United States|Region]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[New England]]
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Anne Watson]]<ref name="Mayor">{{cite web |title=City Council & Mayor |url=https://www.montpelier-vt.org/258/City-Council-Mayor |website=City of Montpelier, Vermont |accessdate=10 January 2020}}</ref>
|leader_title1 = [[City Manager]]
|leader_name1 = William J. Fraser
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1787
|established_title2 = Incorporated (village)
|established_date2 = 1818
|established_title3 = Incorporated (city)
|established_date3 = 1895
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_50.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 26.54
|area_land_km2 = 26.04
|area_water_km2 = 0.50
|area_total_sq_mi = 10.25
|area_land_sq_mi = 10.05
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.19
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 7855
|population_density_km2 = 283.07
|population_density_sq_mi = 733.17
| population_est = 7372
| pop_est_as_of = 2019
|population_demonym = Montpelierite
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =
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|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = −4
|coordinates = {{coord|44|15|34|N|72|34|33|W|region:US-VT|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 525
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 05601-05604, 05609, 05620, 05633
|area_code = [[Area code 802|802]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 50-46000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1461834<ref name=GNIS1>{{Cite GNIS|1461834|Montpelier}}</ref>
| blank3_name = Interstates
| blank3_info = [[File:I-89.svg|25px|link=Interstate 89]]
| blank4_name = U.S. Highways
| blank4_info = [[File:US 2.svg|25px|link=U.S. Route 2 in Vermont]]
| blank5_name = State Routes
| blank5_info = [[File:Ellipse sign 12.svg|25px|link=Vermont Route 12]]
|website = {{Official website|http://www.montpelier-vt.org/}}
|footnotes =
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
}}
<!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Montpelier''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɒ|n|t|ˈ|p|iː|l|i|ər}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Montpelier|title=the definition of Montpelier|publisher=}}</ref> is the capital [[List of cities in Vermont|city]] of the U.S. state of [[Vermont]] and the [[County seat|seat]] of [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington County]]. The site of [[Government of Vermont|Vermont's state government]], it is the [[List of capitals in the United States|least populous state capital]] in the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.everyday-democracy.org/en/Article.495.aspx Smallest capital city plans big MLK celebration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726042724/http://www.everyday-democracy.org/en/Article.495.aspx |date=2011-07-26 }}. Retrieved 2010-04-23.</ref> The population was 7,855 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. However, the daytime population grows to about 21,000, due to the large number of jobs within city limits.<ref>[http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/2804 A Study and Analysis of the Fiscal Impacts of Growth in the City of Montpelier]</ref> The [[Vermont College of Fine Arts]] and [[New England Culinary Institute]] are located in the municipality. It was named after [[Montpellier]], a city in the south of [[France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html|title=Washington County|publisher=Virtual Vermont|language=English|accessdate=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713020504/http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html|archive-date=13 July 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:The first Vermont State House (1808 wood engraving).jpg|thumb|left|The first [[Vermont State House]], built in 1808, was designed by Sylvanus Baldwin.]]
[[File:Montpelier, 1884.png|thumb|left|Montpelier as illustrated in 1884]]
[[File:Rues de Montpelier Vermont USA.jpg|thumb|right|State Street, [[Montpelier Historic District (Vermont)|Montpelier Historic District]], 2006]]
Between 1600 and 1800, European settlers began to arrive in the region.<ref name=":1" /> Soon after, war, disease, and dispersal virtually destroyed the Native American settlements. However, evidence suggests some Native Americans remained in the area as late as the mid-1800s.<ref name=":1" />
Originally charted on August 14, 1781, the Town of Montpelier was granted municipal powers by the "Governor, Council and General Assembly of the Freemen of the State of Vermont".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF|title=Charter of the City of Montpelier|website=www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222713/http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF|archive-date=2018-05-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first permanent settlement began in May 1787, when Colonel Jacob Davis and General Parley Davis arrived from [[Charlton, Massachusetts]]. General Davis surveyed the land, while Colonel Davis cleared forest and erected a large log house on the west side of the North Branch of the [[Winooski River]]. His family moved in the following winter.
Colonel Davis selected the name "Montpelier" after the French city of [[Montpellier]].<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Federal Writers' Project]] of the [[Works Progress Administration]] for the State of Vermont |title=Vermont: A guide to the Green Mountain State |year=1996 |publisher=The Stephen Greene Press |pages=117}}</ref> There was a general enthusiasm for things French as a result of the country's aid to the American colonies during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Swift, Esther Munroe |title=Vermont Place Names: Footprints of History |year=1977 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |pages=451–454 |isbn=0-8289-0291-7}}</ref> The settlement grew quickly, and by 1791 the population reached 117.
The configuration of the early village was strongly influenced by geography. As early as 1799 a bridge was constructed across the Winooski River to [[Berlin, Vermont|Berlin]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.montpelier-vt.org/552/About-Montpelier|title=About Montpelier {{!}} Montpelier, VT|website=www.montpelier-vt.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
The Town's Charter was reissued on February 6, 1804, to include a boundary description of the lands granted to the Town's inhabitants and proprietors.<ref name=":0" /> The confluence of the Winooski, North Branch and Dog Rivers provided a central point for the local population and commerce.
By 1805 the town had a population of 1,200. In that year the state legislature sought a permanent home. Montpelier was selected because of its central location and accessibility, and because local residents provided land and money. A humble State House was soon constructed on State Street.<ref name=":1" />
In 1825, the [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]] visited Montpelier on a triumphal tour of the United States, 50 years after the Revolutionary War.
The town developed into a center for manufacturing, especially after the [[Central Vermont Railway]] opened in Montpelier on June 20, 1849. In response to Montpelier's growth and changing demographics, on November 9, 1848, the General Assembly divided the original Town into two district municipal corporations. The towns of East Montpelier and Montpelier were created. Later on, in an attempt to modernize its form of government, the town was reconstituted as the Village of Montpelier.<ref name=":0" />
By 1858, the layout of the main streets paralleling the rivers was in place. The downtown street pattern has changed very little since that time.<ref name=":1" />
Ten thousand people turned out to greet Major General [[Philip Sheridan]] when he visited to address the fourth annual meeting of Vermont former Union officers. He particularly thanked Vermont veterans of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] for their performance at the [[Battle of Cedar Creek]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUjDdl0YyzUC&q=sheridan+address+vermont+October+30+1867+montpelier&pg=PT589|title=Something Abides: Discovering the Civil War in Today's Vermont|last=Coffin|first=Howard|date=6 May 2013|publisher=The Countryman Press|isbn=9781581577778|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huegenin|first=Joan|date=May 18, 2016|title=Reunion Society of Vermont Officers|journal=Journal of the Northeast Kingdom Civil War Roundtable|pages=7–8}}</ref>
In 1875, a large fire destroyed many downtown buildings.<ref name=":1" /><!---tertiary citation. Would prefer secondary--->
The village had the first municipal water driven hydro system in Vermont in 1884. Water pressure generated sufficient electricity for streetlights.<ref>{{cite news|title=Power from the plumbing|last=Barg|first=Lori|date=9 August 2009|work==Burlington Free Press|location=Burlington, Vermont|pages=5D}}</ref>
The first charter of Montpelier was granted in 1894, and was amended shortly thereafter in 1898, and again in 1900 and 1912. The first amendment permitted the city to annex a part of the Town of Berlin; the latter enactments amended the 1898 charter to deal with such matters as water works, the relationship between the city and the Washington County Grammar School, and composition of the City Council.<ref name=":0" />
The state proclaimed October 12, 1899, as "Dewey Day" to honor native son [[George Dewey]], the hero of [[Battle of Manila Bay]] in the [[Spanish–American War]]. Thousands turned out from the state to his hometown of Montpelier for the celebration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/documents/findaid/dewey.pdf |title=George Dewey (1837–1917) Family Papers, 1844–1901 MS 125 |accessdate=April 14, 2013}}</ref><!---doubtless the ONLY day the state has ever celebrated a living person---><!--plenty of footnotes available BTW if you don't like this one---> In 1899, [[Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)|Hubbard Park]] was established with a donation of land, known as "Hubbard Hill", bequeathed to the City of Montpelier by John Erastus Hubbard (1847–1899) with the intent to "preserve wilderness" for future generations. In 1911, additional land was donated and from 1915 to 1930 an observation tower was constructed on this donated land.
In 1927, after a particularly wet summer and fall, heavy rains began on the evening of November 2 that continued until the morning of November 4. The heaviest rain fell on November 3, when more than seven inches fell in a six-hour period. The prolonged heavy rains on top of the already saturated soil from the summer and fall proved to be more than the watercourses could handle. Brooks and rivers overflowed carrying trees and logs in their wake. Dams, bridges and embankments were destroyed. Buildings were submerged, farm animals drowned, and homes and barns were swept away. Rivers reached 13 feet or more above their normal depths. Flood waters gradually receded, leaving behind silt, gravel and debris. At least a foot of mud was left on the floors of downtown stores.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vermonthistory.org/research/research-resources-online/green-mountain-chronicles/the-flood-of-27-1927|title=The Flood of '27, 1927 - Vermont Historical Society|website=vermonthistory.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
At the time only two stores in Montpelier carried flood insurance. The staggering loss represented an average of $400 for every man, woman, and child in town – equivalent to roughly $5,760 in 2018 dollars. In the days following the flood, Vermont was widely praised for its recovery efforts. President [[Calvin Coolidge]], in particular, hailed the “indomitable spirit” of Vermonters, of whom he was one.<ref name=":2" />
In response to the damage suffered by Montpelier and surrounding communities in the [[Great Vermont Flood of 1927|Great Flood of 1927]], the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] built the Wrightsville Dam during a period from 1933 to 1935. The resulting reservoir, [[Wrightsville Reservoir]], required the disbandment and flooding of the village of Wrightsville, which contained at least 30 built structures at the time.
The City of Montpelier grew slowly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries during the period of intensive out-migration from the state to new lands in the West, or to industrial centers elsewhere in New England. Montpelier was already established as a government, market, service and industrial center in the region. When the automobile arrived, new state highways were routed to the city limits, and traffic then circulated through the original streets of the city. In 1954, a new bridge was constructed at Bailey Avenue which linked to an extension of Winooski Avenue, now Memorial Drive, and diverted some of the traffic from the downtown area.<ref name=":1" />
An early spring thaw in March 1992 caused an ice jam to form in the Winooski River downstream of the Bailey Avenue bridge in Montpelier. In less than an hour, water levels in the Winooski and North Branch rivers rose upstream of the ice jam and flooded downtown Montpelier. The damage shut down 120 businesses, left 50 residents without homes, disrupted the operations the state government, and caused upwards of $5 million in damage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vermont's capital braces for possible river flooding |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/12/vermonts_capital_braces_for_possible_river_flooding/}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Winooski river montpelier.jpg|thumb|right|[[Winooski River]] at Montpelier]]
Montpelier is located in the north-central area of Vermont.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city center is a flat clay zone (elevation 520 ft/158 m), surrounded by hills and granite ledges. Towne Hill runs in a {{convert|2|mi|km|adj=on}} ridge (~900 ft/275 m) along the northern edge of the city.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|10.3|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|10.2|sqmi|km2}} is land and 0.10% is water. The [[Winooski River]] flows west along the south edge of downtown village and is fed by several smaller tributaries that cut through residential districts. Montpelier has been subject to periodic flooding in the flat city center, with two major floods occurring in [[Great Vermont Flood of 1927|1927]] and in 1992.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.montpelierbridge.com/2014/03/the-rivers-and-montpelier/ | title = The Rivers and Montpelier | work = The Bridge | author = C. B. Hall | date = March 7, 2014 | accessdate = November 27, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208140223/http://www.montpelierbridge.com/2014/03/the-rivers-and-montpelier/ | archive-date = December 8, 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
On its borders are the towns of [[Middlesex, Vermont|Middlesex]] to the west, [[Berlin, Vermont|Berlin]] to the south, and [[East Montpelier, Vermont|East Montpelier]] to the north and east. Montpelier lies near the [[geographic center]] of the state.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html | title = Montpelier | publisher = Virtual Vermont | accessdate = November 27, 2015 | quote = Montpelier's proximity to the geographic center of the state was a principal deciding factor. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170713020504/http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html | archive-date = July 13, 2017 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Though it does not share a border, Montpelier is frequently associated with the nearby city of [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]], and the two are often referred to together as "Barre-Montpelier".
===Climate===
Montpelier features a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''), with long, cold, and snowy winters, short springs and autumns, and warm, humid summers. From January to July, daily means range from {{convert|16.4|to|67.3|F|C|1}}. In winter, lows fall below {{convert|0|F|1|disp=or}} on 24 mornings and daytime highs stay below freezing for the majority of afternoons from December to February. Snow is also frequent and remains on the ground for long stretches throughout the winter, though thaws are by no means infrequent. Average annual snowfall is {{convert|94.2|in|m|2|disp=or}}.<ref>[http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/climo/stations/montpelier.shtml NWS Burlington Forecast Office]</ref> Summers are warm and often humid, with 2 or 3 days above {{convert|90|F|1|disp=or}}, but rarely reaching {{convert|95|F|disp=or}}.
Extremes have ranged from {{convert|−34|F|1|disp=or}} in January 1981 to {{convert|97|F|1|disp=or}}, most recently recorded in July 1977.
{{Montpelier, Vermont weatherbox}}
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1800= 890
|1810= 1877
|1820= 2308
|1830= 1193
|1840= 3725
|1850= 2310
|1860= 2411
|1870= 3023
|1880= 3219
|1890= 4160
|1900= 6266
|1910= 7856
|1920= 7125
|1930= 7837
|1940= 8006
|1950= 8559
|1960= 8782
|1970= 8609
|1980= 8241
|1990= 8247
|2000= 8035
|2010= 7855
|estyear=2019
|estimate=7372
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="VTHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/explorer|title=Vermont History Explorer|accessdate=August 7, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Along with [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]], the city forms a small [[micropolitan area]] in the center of the state; together they are known as ''the twin cities''.
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2010, there were 7,855 people, 3,739 households, and 1,940 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 784.0 people per square mile (302.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 3,899 housing units at an average density of 380.4 per square mile (146.9/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 93.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.39% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.1% of the population.
There were 3,739 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 years living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.1% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.
===Personal income===
The median income for a household in the city was $37,513, and the median income for a family was $51,818. Males had a median income of $35,957 versus $29,442 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $22,599. About 7.2% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
==Economy==
[[File:MontperierVT downtown.jpg|thumb|right|Downtown shops]]
Government, higher education, insurance and tourism are principal businesses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Montpelier: Economy-Major Industries|url=http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Northeast/Montpelier-Economy.html|work=City.com|accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref>
===Industry===
Since the city's establishment as capital in 1805, the primary business in Montpelier has been government, and by the mid-19th century government and life and fire insurance. Companies based in Montpelier include the [[National Life Group]].
Located in Montpelier are the [[New England Culinary Institute]], the annual [[Green Mountain Film Festival]] and the headquarters of several insurance companies. The majority of businesses in the downtown area, mostly retail, are locally owned.
Montpelier is the only state capital in the United States of America that does not have a [[McDonald's]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Meghan |title=This is the only US state capital that doesn't have a McDonald's |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/montpelier-doesnt-have-a-mcdonalds-2017-12 |website=Business Insider |publisher=Reader's Digest |accessdate=13 March 2020}}</ref> However, there is a McDonald's location in nearby [[Berlin, Vermont]].
===Tourism===
The Vermont History Museum, operated in [[The Pavilion (Vermont)|The Pavilion]] by the [[Vermont Historical Society]], is an attraction.
==Arts and culture==
[[File:Montpelier, Vermont- Building on the river crossing State street-2018-07-28.jpg|thumb|Building of the State street built on the North Branch River (tributary of Winooski River).]]
* Kellogg-Hubbard Library—with a copy of the [[Parthenon Frieze]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kellogghubbard.org/|title=Home - Kellogg Hubbard Library|publisher=}}</ref>
* Lost Nation Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lostnationtheater.org/|title=Lost Nation Theater - Home|publisher=}}</ref>
* Montpelier Theatre Guild<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpeliertheatreguild.org/index.html |title=Montpelier Theatre Guild |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919040656/http://www.montpeliertheatreguild.org/index.html |archivedate=2008-09-19 }}</ref>
* Vermont History Museum—in The Pavilion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/|title=Home - Vermont Historical Society|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[Vermont State House]]
* T. W. Wood Gallery & Arts Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twwoodgallery.org/|title=T.W. Wood Gallery, Vermont - Welcome|publisher=}}</ref>
*Capital City Concerts<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capitalcityconcerts.org |title=Capital City Concerts – Montpelier Vermont's Premiere Classical Concert Series |accessdate=April 14, 2013}}</ref>
* An annual local [[vernacular culture]] phenomenon, the [[Valentine Phantom]], a tradition of covering downtown storefronts and public buildings with red hearts each February 14, began in Montpelier in the 1990s.
==Sports==
The [[Vermont Mountaineers]] of the [[New England Collegiate Baseball League]] play at the [[Montpelier Recreation Field]].
==Parks and recreation==
[[File:MontpelierVT HubbardParkTower3 20170827.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)|Hubbard Park]] Observation Tower, built 1915–1930<ref>{{cite web|title=Park Features – Montpelier, Vermont|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/242/Park-Features|publisher=City of Montpelier, Vermont}}</ref>]]
The city has three city nature centers. [[Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)|Hubbard Park]] rises behind the state capitol building and extends along the ridge line towards the north past the pool to the stump dump.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/238/Hubbard-Park|title=Hubbard Park – Montpelier, VT|publisher=}}</ref> Accessible from Cummings Street off State Route 12, the North Branch River Park is the second-largest park in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/261/North-Branch-River-Park|title=North Branch River Park – Montpelier, VT|publisher=}}</ref> The Mill Pond Park is located along State Route 12 approximately a {{convert|0.25|mi|km}} from the cemetery and features boat access to the North Branch river, as well as benches and short-term parking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/272/Mill-Pond-Park|title=Mill Pond Park – Montpelier, VT|publisher=}}</ref> The North Branch Nature Center is located at the northern end of town and includes {{convert|17|acre| }} of protected land as well as a community nature center. A bridge from the North Branch Nature Center connects the land to the North Branch River Park on the opposite side of the North Branch River.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northbranchnaturecenter.org/|title=North Branch Nature Center – Homepage|publisher=}}</ref> In recent years, North Branch River Park has significantly expanding its mountain biking trails, making it a hub for area mountain bikers of all ages. The first mountain bike trail in North Branch River Park was constructed and opened in 2005 as part of a partnership between the [https://bikemamba.org/ Montpelier Area Mountain Bike Association] and the Montpelier Parks Department. Since that time, 4 additional miles of trails have been added. A [[pump track]] is also currently under construction.
==Government==
[[File:City Hall, Montpelier VT.jpg|thumb|right|[[Montpelier City Hall]]]]
Montpelier's government maintains a city council, city manager, and mayor. The city council consists of a mayor and six members each elected from districts with each district electing two members for two year terms. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote to a two-year term. The council appoints the city manager who is the chief administrative officer of the city.
The city provides municipal services for its residents and businesses. These include local law enforcement, firefighting, planning and zoning regulation, and provision for potable drinking water and wastewater.
==Education==
* Public schools include:
** [[Montpelier High School]]
** Main Street Middle School<ref>http://www.mpsvt.org/msms/</ref>
**Union Elementary School<ref>[http://www.mpsvt.org/ues/ Union Elementary School]</ref>
* River Rock School is a private school serving kindergarten through 8th grade students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riverrockschool.org|title=River Rock School: Handcrafted Education in Central Vermont|first=River Rock School, Rob|last=Ryan|publisher=}}</ref>
* A campus of the [[Community College of Vermont]]
* [[New England Culinary Institute]], a for-profit career college
* [[Union Institute & University]] Vermont campus, offers a Master of Education program through a low-residency (online) program<ref>[http://www.tui.edu/med/v_overview.asp Union Institute and University of Vermont Center M.Ed. Program]</ref><!---there is a relationship here between the two colleges which is not evident by coopting the link to one school only. Doesn't help that the link is bad--->
* [[Vermont College of Fine Arts]] is a low-residency graduate school offering Masters of Fine Arts degrees in visual arts, writing, and writing for children and young adults<ref>[http://www.tui.edu/vcfa/ Vermont College of Fine Arts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[Image:MainStMontpelier.JPG|thumb|right|Main Street in downtown Montpelier]]
Montpelier has become one of Vermont's most readily accessible cities and towns, as Vermont's founders deliberately placed the capital near the geographic center of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/vt_geography.htm|title=Vermont Geography from NETSTATE|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM1DDE|title=Vermont Capitol - Montpelier, VT - Capitol Buildings on Waymarking.com|publisher=}}</ref>
====Roads====
The city is located along [[Interstate 89]]. East–west [[U.S. Route 2 in Vermont|U.S. Route 2]] and north–south [[Vermont Route 12]] are two other principal routes that intersect in Montpelier. Both I-89 and U.S. 2 provide a direct link to Burlington and the populous Lake Champlain Valley in the northwestern corner of the state. [[U.S. Route 302]] has its western terminus in Montpelier, connecting it with the nearby city of Barre and points east.
====Rail====
{{See also|Montpelier station (Vermont)}}
[[Amtrak]], the national passenger rail system, provides daily service from its [[Montpelier station (Amtrak)|station]] at Montpelier Junction in the neighboring town of [[Berlin, Vermont|Berlin]], on the route known as the "[[Vermonter (train)|Vermonter]]", operating between [[St. Albans (town), Vermont|St. Albans, Vermont]] and [[Washington, D.C.]]
====Bus====
[[Greyhound Bus Lines|Greyhound]] and [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] operate buses that serve Montpelier. The [[Green Mountain Transit Authority]] (GMTA) operates a local bus network throughout the micropolitan area, with stops in Montpelier and [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]], including nearby [[Waterbury, Vermont|Waterbury]], the [[Vermont State House]], the [[Ben & Jerry's]] factory, and the local Berlin Mall. GMTA and its sister bus company in Burlington, the [[Chittenden County Transportation Authority]] (CCTA), operate a series of LINK commuter buses with stops in Montpelier, [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Richmond, Vermont|Richmond]], and [[Waterbury, Vermont|Waterbury]].
====Air====
Air travelers in private planes can use the [[Edward F. Knapp State Airport]] in Berlin to access Montpelier. The [[Burlington International Airport]] in [[Chittenden County, Vermont|Chittenden County]] is the closest commercial air service, located {{convert|35|mi|km|0}} northwest of Montpelier.
====Other====
Two shared-use paths for walking and bicycling connect to Montpelier: the Cross Vermont Trail and the Central Vermont Regional Path. Montpelier's downtown is relatively compact and pedestrian-friendly, with sidewalks and crosswalks throughout the downtown area.
==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Montpelier, Vermont}}
==See also==
* [[Athenwood and the Thomas W. Wood Studio]] - historic buildings in Montpelier
* [[Christ Episcopal Church (Montpelier, Vermont)|Christ Episcopal Church]] - historic church in Montpelier
* [[Saint Augustine's Church, Montpelier|Saint Augustine's Church]] - historic church in Montpelier
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n37 9] |first1=A. J. |last1=Coolidge |name-list-style=amp |first2=J. B. |last2=Mansfield |title=A History and Description of New England |publisher=A.J. Coolidge |location=Boston, Massachusetts |year=1859 }}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Montpelier}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Montpelier}}
*{{Official website|http://www.montpelier-vt.org/}}
{{Washington County, Vermont}}
{{Vermont}}
{{New England}}
{{United States state capitals}}
{{Northeast US}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Montpelier, Vermont| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Vermont]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington County, Vermont]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1787]]
[[Category:County seats in Vermont]]
[[Category:1787 establishments in Vermont]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{For|other places named Montpellier or Montpelier|Montpelier (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Capital of Vermont, United States}}
<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Montpelier
|settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital]] and [[List of cities in Vermont|city]]
|named_for = [[Montpellier]], [[France]]
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|image_skyline = Vermont State House Montpelier VT 2014 10 18 fuck bitches get money
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[United States]]
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|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Vermont}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Vermont|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of the United States|Region]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[New England]]
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|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Anne Watson]]<ref name="Mayor">{{cite web |title=City Council & Mayor |url=https://www.montpelier-vt.org/258/City-Council-Mayor |website=City of Montpelier, Vermont |accessdate=10 January 2020}}</ref>
|leader_title1 = [[City Manager]]
|leader_name1 = William J. Fraser
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
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|established_title = Settled
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|established_title2 = Incorporated (village)
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|established_title3 = Incorporated (city)
|established_date3 = 1895
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_50.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 26.54
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|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
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|population_density_km2 = 283.07
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| population_est = 7372
| pop_est_as_of = 2019
|population_demonym = Montpelierite
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|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 525
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 05601-05604, 05609, 05620, 05633
|area_code = [[Area code 802|802]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 50-46000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1461834<ref name=GNIS1>{{Cite GNIS|1461834|Montpelier}}</ref>
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}}
<!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Montpelier''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɒ|n|t|ˈ|p|iː|l|i|ər}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Montpelier|title=the definition of Montpelier|publisher=}}</ref> is the capital [[List of cities in Vermont|city]] of the U.S. state of [[Vermont]] and the [[County seat|seat]] of [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington County]]. The site of [[Government of Vermont|Vermont's state government]], it is the [[List of capitals in the United States|least populous state capital]] in the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.everyday-democracy.org/en/Article.495.aspx Smallest capital city plans big MLK celebration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726042724/http://www.everyday-democracy.org/en/Article.495.aspx |date=2011-07-26 }}. Retrieved 2010-04-23.</ref> The population was 7,855 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. However, the daytime population grows to about 21,000, due to the large number of jobs within city limits.<ref>[http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/2804 A Study and Analysis of the Fiscal Impacts of Growth in the City of Montpelier]</ref> The [[Vermont College of Fine Arts]] and [[New England Culinary Institute]] are located in the municipality. It was named after [[Montpellier]], a city in the south of [[France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html|title=Washington County|publisher=Virtual Vermont|language=English|accessdate=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713020504/http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html|archive-date=13 July 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:The first Vermont State House (1808 wood engraving).jpg|thumb|left|The first [[Vermont State House]], built in 1808, was designed by Sylvanus Baldwin.]]
[[File:Montpelier, 1884.png|thumb|left|Montpelier as illustrated in 1884]]
[[File:Rues de Montpelier Vermont USA.jpg|thumb|right|State Street, [[Montpelier Historic District (Vermont)|Montpelier Historic District]], 2006]]
Between 1600 and 1800, European settlers began to arrive in the region.<ref name=":1" /> Soon after, war, disease, and dispersal virtually destroyed the Native American settlements. However, evidence suggests some Native Americans remained in the area as late as the mid-1800s.<ref name=":1" />
Originally charted on August 14, 1781, the Town of Montpelier was granted municipal powers by the "Governor, Council and General Assembly of the Freemen of the State of Vermont".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF|title=Charter of the City of Montpelier|website=www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222713/http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF|archive-date=2018-05-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first permanent settlement began in May 1787, when Colonel Jacob Davis and General Parley Davis arrived from [[Charlton, Massachusetts]]. General Davis surveyed the land, while Colonel Davis cleared forest and erected a large log house on the west side of the North Branch of the [[Winooski River]]. His family moved in the following winter.
Colonel Davis selected the name "Montpelier" after the French city of [[Montpellier]].<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Federal Writers' Project]] of the [[Works Progress Administration]] for the State of Vermont |title=Vermont: A guide to the Green Mountain State |year=1996 |publisher=The Stephen Greene Press |pages=117}}</ref> There was a general enthusiasm for things French as a result of the country's aid to the American colonies during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Swift, Esther Munroe |title=Vermont Place Names: Footprints of History |year=1977 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |pages=451–454 |isbn=0-8289-0291-7}}</ref> The settlement grew quickly, and by 1791 the population reached 117.
The configuration of the early village was strongly influenced by geography. As early as 1799 a bridge was constructed across the Winooski River to [[Berlin, Vermont|Berlin]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.montpelier-vt.org/552/About-Montpelier|title=About Montpelier {{!}} Montpelier, VT|website=www.montpelier-vt.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
The Town's Charter was reissued on February 6, 1804, to include a boundary description of the lands granted to the Town's inhabitants and proprietors.<ref name=":0" /> The confluence of the Winooski, North Branch and Dog Rivers provided a central point for the local population and commerce.
By 1805 the town had a population of 1,200. In that year the state legislature sought a permanent home. Montpelier was selected because of its central location and accessibility, and because local residents provided land and money. A humble State House was soon constructed on State Street.<ref name=":1" />
In 1825, the [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]] visited Montpelier on a triumphal tour of the United States, 50 years after the Revolutionary War.
The town developed into a center for manufacturing, especially after the [[Central Vermont Railway]] opened in Montpelier on June 20, 1849. In response to Montpelier's growth and changing demographics, on November 9, 1848, the General Assembly divided the original Town into two district municipal corporations. The towns of East Montpelier and Montpelier were created. Later on, in an attempt to modernize its form of government, the town was reconstituted as the Village of Montpelier.<ref name=":0" />
By 1858, the layout of the main streets paralleling the rivers was in place. The downtown street pattern has changed very little since that time.<ref name=":1" />
Ten thousand people turned out to greet Major General [[Philip Sheridan]] when he visited to address the fourth annual meeting of Vermont former Union officers. He particularly thanked Vermont veterans of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] for their performance at the [[Battle of Cedar Creek]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUjDdl0YyzUC&q=sheridan+address+vermont+October+30+1867+montpelier&pg=PT589|title=Something Abides: Discovering the Civil War in Today's Vermont|last=Coffin|first=Howard|date=6 May 2013|publisher=The Countryman Press|isbn=9781581577778|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huegenin|first=Joan|date=May 18, 2016|title=Reunion Society of Vermont Officers|journal=Journal of the Northeast Kingdom Civil War Roundtable|pages=7–8}}</ref>
In 1875, a large fire destroyed many downtown buildings.<ref name=":1" /><!---tertiary citation. Would prefer secondary--->
The village had the first municipal water driven hydro system in Vermont in 1884. Water pressure generated sufficient electricity for streetlights.<ref>{{cite news|title=Power from the plumbing|last=Barg|first=Lori|date=9 August 2009|work==Burlington Free Press|location=Burlington, Vermont|pages=5D}}</ref>
The first charter of Montpelier was granted in 1894, and was amended shortly thereafter in 1898, and again in 1900 and 1912. The first amendment permitted the city to annex a part of the Town of Berlin; the latter enactments amended the 1898 charter to deal with such matters as water works, the relationship between the city and the Washington County Grammar School, and composition of the City Council.<ref name=":0" />
The state proclaimed October 12, 1899, as "Dewey Day" to honor native son [[George Dewey]], the hero of [[Battle of Manila Bay]] in the [[Spanish–American War]]. Thousands turned out from the state to his hometown of Montpelier for the celebration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/documents/findaid/dewey.pdf |title=George Dewey (1837–1917) Family Papers, 1844–1901 MS 125 |accessdate=April 14, 2013}}</ref><!---doubtless the ONLY day the state has ever celebrated a living person---><!--plenty of footnotes available BTW if you don't like this one---> In 1899, [[Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)|Hubbard Park]] was established with a donation of land, known as "Hubbard Hill", bequeathed to the City of Montpelier by John Erastus Hubbard (1847–1899) with the intent to "preserve wilderness" for future generations. In 1911, additional land was donated and from 1915 to 1930 an observation tower was constructed on this donated land.
In 1927, after a particularly wet summer and fall, heavy rains began on the evening of November 2 that continued until the morning of November 4. The heaviest rain fell on November 3, when more than seven inches fell in a six-hour period. The prolonged heavy rains on top of the already saturated soil from the summer and fall proved to be more than the watercourses could handle. Brooks and rivers overflowed carrying trees and logs in their wake. Dams, bridges and embankments were destroyed. Buildings were submerged, farm animals drowned, and homes and barns were swept away. Rivers reached 13 feet or more above their normal depths. Flood waters gradually receded, leaving behind silt, gravel and debris. At least a foot of mud was left on the floors of downtown stores.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vermonthistory.org/research/research-resources-online/green-mountain-chronicles/the-flood-of-27-1927|title=The Flood of '27, 1927 - Vermont Historical Society|website=vermonthistory.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
At the time only two stores in Montpelier carried flood insurance. The staggering loss represented an average of $400 for every man, woman, and child in town – equivalent to roughly $5,760 in 2018 dollars. In the days following the flood, Vermont was widely praised for its recovery efforts. President [[Calvin Coolidge]], in particular, hailed the “indomitable spirit” of Vermonters, of whom he was one.<ref name=":2" />
In response to the damage suffered by Montpelier and surrounding communities in the [[Great Vermont Flood of 1927|Great Flood of 1927]], the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] built the Wrightsville Dam during a period from 1933 to 1935. The resulting reservoir, [[Wrightsville Reservoir]], required the disbandment and flooding of the village of Wrightsville, which contained at least 30 built structures at the time.
The City of Montpelier grew slowly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries during the period of intensive out-migration from the state to new lands in the West, or to industrial centers elsewhere in New England. Montpelier was already established as a government, market, service and industrial center in the region. When the automobile arrived, new state highways were routed to the city limits, and traffic then circulated through the original streets of the city. In 1954, a new bridge was constructed at Bailey Avenue which linked to an extension of Winooski Avenue, now Memorial Drive, and diverted some of the traffic from the downtown area.<ref name=":1" />
An early spring thaw in March 1992 caused an ice jam to form in the Winooski River downstream of the Bailey Avenue bridge in Montpelier. In less than an hour, water levels in the Winooski and North Branch rivers rose upstream of the ice jam and flooded downtown Montpelier. The damage shut down 120 businesses, left 50 residents without homes, disrupted the operations the state government, and caused upwards of $5 million in damage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vermont's capital braces for possible river flooding |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/12/vermonts_capital_braces_for_possible_river_flooding/}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Winooski river montpelier.jpg|thumb|right|[[Winooski River]] at Montpelier]]
Montpelier is located in the north-central area of Vermont.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city center is a flat clay zone (elevation 520 ft/158 m), surrounded by hills and granite ledges. Towne Hill runs in a {{convert|2|mi|km|adj=on}} ridge (~900 ft/275 m) along the northern edge of the city.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|10.3|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|10.2|sqmi|km2}} is land and 0.10% is water. The [[Winooski River]] flows west along the south edge of downtown village and is fed by several smaller tributaries that cut through residential districts. Montpelier has been subject to periodic flooding in the flat city center, with two major floods occurring in [[Great Vermont Flood of 1927|1927]] and in 1992.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.montpelierbridge.com/2014/03/the-rivers-and-montpelier/ | title = The Rivers and Montpelier | work = The Bridge | author = C. B. Hall | date = March 7, 2014 | accessdate = November 27, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208140223/http://www.montpelierbridge.com/2014/03/the-rivers-and-montpelier/ | archive-date = December 8, 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
On its borders are the towns of [[Middlesex, Vermont|Middlesex]] to the west, [[Berlin, Vermont|Berlin]] to the south, and [[East Montpelier, Vermont|East Montpelier]] to the north and east. Montpelier lies near the [[geographic center]] of the state.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html | title = Montpelier | publisher = Virtual Vermont | accessdate = November 27, 2015 | quote = Montpelier's proximity to the geographic center of the state was a principal deciding factor. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170713020504/http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html | archive-date = July 13, 2017 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Though it does not share a border, Montpelier is frequently associated with the nearby city of [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]], and the two are often referred to together as "Barre-Montpelier".
===Climate===
Montpelier features a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''), with long, cold, and snowy winters, short springs and autumns, and warm, humid summers. From January to July, daily means range from {{convert|16.4|to|67.3|F|C|1}}. In winter, lows fall below {{convert|0|F|1|disp=or}} on 24 mornings and daytime highs stay below freezing for the majority of afternoons from December to February. Snow is also frequent and remains on the ground for long stretches throughout the winter, though thaws are by no means infrequent. Average annual snowfall is {{convert|94.2|in|m|2|disp=or}}.<ref>[http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/climo/stations/montpelier.shtml NWS Burlington Forecast Office]</ref> Summers are warm and often humid, with 2 or 3 days above {{convert|90|F|1|disp=or}}, but rarely reaching {{convert|95|F|disp=or}}.
Extremes have ranged from {{convert|−34|F|1|disp=or}} in January 1981 to {{convert|97|F|1|disp=or}}, most recently recorded in July 1977.
{{Montpelier, Vermont weatherbox}}
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1800= 890
|1810= 1877
|1820= 2308
|1830= 1193
|1840= 3725
|1850= 2310
|1860= 2411
|1870= 3023
|1880= 3219
|1890= 4160
|1900= 6266
|1910= 7856
|1920= 7125
|1930= 7837
|1940= 8006
|1950= 8559
|1960= 8782
|1970= 8609
|1980= 8241
|1990= 8247
|2000= 8035
|2010= 7855
|estyear=2019
|estimate=7372
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="VTHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/explorer|title=Vermont History Explorer|accessdate=August 7, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Along with [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]], the city forms a small [[micropolitan area]] in the center of the state; together they are known as ''the twin cities''.
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2010, there were 7,855 people, 3,739 households, and 1,940 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 784.0 people per square mile (302.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 3,899 housing units at an average density of 380.4 per square mile (146.9/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 93.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.39% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.1% of the population.
There were 3,739 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 years living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.1% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.
===Personal income===
The median income for a household in the city was $37,513, and the median income for a family was $51,818. Males had a median income of $35,957 versus $29,442 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $22,599. About 7.2% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
==Economy==
[[File:MontperierVT downtown.jpg|thumb|right|Downtown shops]]
Government, higher education, insurance and tourism are principal businesses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Montpelier: Economy-Major Industries|url=http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Northeast/Montpelier-Economy.html|work=City.com|accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref>
===Industry===
Since the city's establishment as capital in 1805, the primary business in Montpelier has been government, and by the mid-19th century government and life and fire insurance. Companies based in Montpelier include the [[National Life Group]].
Located in Montpelier are the [[New England Culinary Institute]], the annual [[Green Mountain Film Festival]] and the headquarters of several insurance companies. The majority of businesses in the downtown area, mostly retail, are locally owned.
Montpelier is the only state capital in the United States of America that does not have a [[McDonald's]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Meghan |title=This is the only US state capital that doesn't have a McDonald's |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/montpelier-doesnt-have-a-mcdonalds-2017-12 |website=Business Insider |publisher=Reader's Digest |accessdate=13 March 2020}}</ref> However, there is a McDonald's location in nearby [[Berlin, Vermont]].
===Tourism===
The Vermont History Museum, operated in [[The Pavilion (Vermont)|The Pavilion]] by the [[Vermont Historical Society]], is an attraction.
==Arts and culture==
[[File:Montpelier, Vermont- Building on the river crossing State street-2018-07-28.jpg|thumb|Building of the State street built on the North Branch River (tributary of Winooski River).]]
* Kellogg-Hubbard Library—with a copy of the [[Parthenon Frieze]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kellogghubbard.org/|title=Home - Kellogg Hubbard Library|publisher=}}</ref>
* Lost Nation Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lostnationtheater.org/|title=Lost Nation Theater - Home|publisher=}}</ref>
* Montpelier Theatre Guild<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpeliertheatreguild.org/index.html |title=Montpelier Theatre Guild |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919040656/http://www.montpeliertheatreguild.org/index.html |archivedate=2008-09-19 }}</ref>
* Vermont History Museum—in The Pavilion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/|title=Home - Vermont Historical Society|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[Vermont State House]]
* T. W. Wood Gallery & Arts Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twwoodgallery.org/|title=T.W. Wood Gallery, Vermont - Welcome|publisher=}}</ref>
*Capital City Concerts<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capitalcityconcerts.org |title=Capital City Concerts – Montpelier Vermont's Premiere Classical Concert Series |accessdate=April 14, 2013}}</ref>
* An annual local [[vernacular culture]] phenomenon, the [[Valentine Phantom]], a tradition of covering downtown storefronts and public buildings with red hearts each February 14, began in Montpelier in the 1990s.
==Sports==
The [[Vermont Mountaineers]] of the [[New England Collegiate Baseball League]] play at the [[Montpelier Recreation Field]].
==Parks and recreation==
[[File:MontpelierVT HubbardParkTower3 20170827.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)|Hubbard Park]] Observation Tower, built 1915–1930<ref>{{cite web|title=Park Features – Montpelier, Vermont|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/242/Park-Features|publisher=City of Montpelier, Vermont}}</ref>]]
The city has three city nature centers. [[Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)|Hubbard Park]] rises behind the state capitol building and extends along the ridge line towards the north past the pool to the stump dump.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/238/Hubbard-Park|title=Hubbard Park – Montpelier, VT|publisher=}}</ref> Accessible from Cummings Street off State Route 12, the North Branch River Park is the second-largest park in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/261/North-Branch-River-Park|title=North Branch River Park – Montpelier, VT|publisher=}}</ref> The Mill Pond Park is located along State Route 12 approximately a {{convert|0.25|mi|km}} from the cemetery and features boat access to the North Branch river, as well as benches and short-term parking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montpelier-vt.org/272/Mill-Pond-Park|title=Mill Pond Park – Montpelier, VT|publisher=}}</ref> The North Branch Nature Center is located at the northern end of town and includes {{convert|17|acre| }} of protected land as well as a community nature center. A bridge from the North Branch Nature Center connects the land to the North Branch River Park on the opposite side of the North Branch River.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northbranchnaturecenter.org/|title=North Branch Nature Center – Homepage|publisher=}}</ref> In recent years, North Branch River Park has significantly expanding its mountain biking trails, making it a hub for area mountain bikers of all ages. The first mountain bike trail in North Branch River Park was constructed and opened in 2005 as part of a partnership between the [https://bikemamba.org/ Montpelier Area Mountain Bike Association] and the Montpelier Parks Department. Since that time, 4 additional miles of trails have been added. A [[pump track]] is also currently under construction.
==Government==
[[File:City Hall, Montpelier VT.jpg|thumb|right|[[Montpelier City Hall]]]]
Montpelier's government maintains a city council, city manager, and mayor. The city council consists of a mayor and six members each elected from districts with each district electing two members for two year terms. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote to a two-year term. The council appoints the city manager who is the chief administrative officer of the city.
The city provides municipal services for its residents and businesses. These include local law enforcement, firefighting, planning and zoning regulation, and provision for potable drinking water and wastewater.
==Education==
* Public schools include:
** [[Montpelier High School]]
** Main Street Middle School<ref>http://www.mpsvt.org/msms/</ref>
**Union Elementary School<ref>[http://www.mpsvt.org/ues/ Union Elementary School]</ref>
* River Rock School is a private school serving kindergarten through 8th grade students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riverrockschool.org|title=River Rock School: Handcrafted Education in Central Vermont|first=River Rock School, Rob|last=Ryan|publisher=}}</ref>
* A campus of the [[Community College of Vermont]]
* [[New England Culinary Institute]], a for-profit career college
* [[Union Institute & University]] Vermont campus, offers a Master of Education program through a low-residency (online) program<ref>[http://www.tui.edu/med/v_overview.asp Union Institute and University of Vermont Center M.Ed. Program]</ref><!---there is a relationship here between the two colleges which is not evident by coopting the link to one school only. Doesn't help that the link is bad--->
* [[Vermont College of Fine Arts]] is a low-residency graduate school offering Masters of Fine Arts degrees in visual arts, writing, and writing for children and young adults<ref>[http://www.tui.edu/vcfa/ Vermont College of Fine Arts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[Image:MainStMontpelier.JPG|thumb|right|Main Street in downtown Montpelier]]
Montpelier has become one of Vermont's most readily accessible cities and towns, as Vermont's founders deliberately placed the capital near the geographic center of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/vt_geography.htm|title=Vermont Geography from NETSTATE|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM1DDE|title=Vermont Capitol - Montpelier, VT - Capitol Buildings on Waymarking.com|publisher=}}</ref>
====Roads====
The city is located along [[Interstate 89]]. East–west [[U.S. Route 2 in Vermont|U.S. Route 2]] and north–south [[Vermont Route 12]] are two other principal routes that intersect in Montpelier. Both I-89 and U.S. 2 provide a direct link to Burlington and the populous Lake Champlain Valley in the northwestern corner of the state. [[U.S. Route 302]] has its western terminus in Montpelier, connecting it with the nearby city of Barre and points east.
====Rail====
{{See also|Montpelier station (Vermont)}}
[[Amtrak]], the national passenger rail system, provides daily service from its [[Montpelier station (Amtrak)|station]] at Montpelier Junction in the neighboring town of [[Berlin, Vermont|Berlin]], on the route known as the "[[Vermonter (train)|Vermonter]]", operating between [[St. Albans (town), Vermont|St. Albans, Vermont]] and [[Washington, D.C.]]
====Bus====
[[Greyhound Bus Lines|Greyhound]] and [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] operate buses that serve Montpelier. The [[Green Mountain Transit Authority]] (GMTA) operates a local bus network throughout the micropolitan area, with stops in Montpelier and [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]], including nearby [[Waterbury, Vermont|Waterbury]], the [[Vermont State House]], the [[Ben & Jerry's]] factory, and the local Berlin Mall. GMTA and its sister bus company in Burlington, the [[Chittenden County Transportation Authority]] (CCTA), operate a series of LINK commuter buses with stops in Montpelier, [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Richmond, Vermont|Richmond]], and [[Waterbury, Vermont|Waterbury]].
====Air====
Air travelers in private planes can use the [[Edward F. Knapp State Airport]] in Berlin to access Montpelier. The [[Burlington International Airport]] in [[Chittenden County, Vermont|Chittenden County]] is the closest commercial air service, located {{convert|35|mi|km|0}} northwest of Montpelier.
====Other====
Two shared-use paths for walking and bicycling connect to Montpelier: the Cross Vermont Trail and the Central Vermont Regional Path. Montpelier's downtown is relatively compact and pedestrian-friendly, with sidewalks and crosswalks throughout the downtown area.
==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Montpelier, Vermont}}
==See also==
* [[Athenwood and the Thomas W. Wood Studio]] - historic buildings in Montpelier
* [[Christ Episcopal Church (Montpelier, Vermont)|Christ Episcopal Church]] - historic church in Montpelier
* [[Saint Augustine's Church, Montpelier|Saint Augustine's Church]] - historic church in Montpelier
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n37 9] |first1=A. J. |last1=Coolidge |name-list-style=amp |first2=J. B. |last2=Mansfield |title=A History and Description of New England |publisher=A.J. Coolidge |location=Boston, Massachusetts |year=1859 }}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Montpelier}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Montpelier}}
*{{Official website|http://www.montpelier-vt.org/}}
{{Washington County, Vermont}}
{{Vermont}}
{{New England}}
{{United States state capitals}}
{{Northeast US}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Montpelier, Vermont| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Vermont]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington County, Vermont]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1787]]
[[Category:County seats in Vermont]]
[[Category:1787 establishments in Vermont]]' |
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54 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html',
55 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html',
56 => 'https://www.montpelier-vt.org/258/City-Council-Mayor',
57 => 'https://www.montpelier-vt.org/552/About-Montpelier',
58 => 'https://www.weather-us.com/en/vermont-usa/montpelier-climate#daylight_sunshine',
59 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26426#identifiers',
60 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80026750',
61 => 'https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_50.txt'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places named Montpellier or Montpelier, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Montpelier (disambiguation)">Montpelier (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Vermont, United States</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital and city in Vermont, United States</div><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Montpelier</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vermont" title="List of cities in Vermont">city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">[[File:Vermont State House Montpelier VT 2014 10 18 fuck bitches get money
09.JPG|250px|The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>, Montpelier's best-known landmark]]<div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>, Montpelier's best-known landmark</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;">
<div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montpelier,_Vermont.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Montpelier"><img alt="Flag of Montpelier" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg/100px-Flag_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg/150px-Flag_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg/200px-Flag_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="203" /></a><div style="padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 0;">Flag</div></div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_Montpelier,_Vermont.svg" class="image" title="Official seal of Montpelier"><img alt="Official seal of Montpelier" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seal_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg/100px-Seal_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seal_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg/150px-Seal_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seal_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg/200px-Seal_of_Montpelier%2C_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="195" /></a><div style="padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 0;">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg" class="image" title="Location in Washington County in Vermont"><img alt="Location in Washington County in Vermont" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg/250px-Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg/375px-Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg/500px-Washington_County_Vermont_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Montpelier_highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="741" /></a><div style="padding:0.3em 0 0 0;">Location in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Washington County, Vermont">Washington County</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r971394783">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0%;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="image" title="Montpelier is located in the United States"><img alt="Montpelier is located in the United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od" style="top:22.643%;left:86.115%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Montpelier" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Montpelier" width="6" height="6" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:4px"><div>Montpelier</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Coordinates: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montpelier,_Vermont&params=44_15_34_N_72_34_33_W_region:US-VT_type:city(7855)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°15′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°34′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.25944°N 72.57583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.25944; -72.57583</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montpelier,_Vermont&params=44_15_34_N_72_34_33_W_region:US-VT_type:city(7855)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°15′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°34′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.25944°N 72.57583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.25944; -72.57583</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Vermont" title="List of counties in Vermont">County</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Washington County, Vermont">Washington</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Region</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Settled</th><td>1787</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Incorporated (village)</th><td>1818</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Incorporated (city)</th><td>1895</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anne_Watson" title="Anne Watson">Anne Watson</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="City Manager">City Manager</a></th><td>William J. Fraser</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-2">[2]</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Total</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1_E%2B7_m%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E+7 m²">10.25 sq mi</a> (26.54 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Land</th><td>10.05 sq mi (26.04 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Water</th><td>0.19 sq mi (0.50 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Elevation<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>525 ft (160 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Total</th><td>7,855</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Estimate <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-3">[3]</a></sup></div></th><td>7,372</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Density</th><td>733.17/sq mi (283.07/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td>Montpelierite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP codes</a></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">05601-05604, 05609, 05620, 05633</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area_code_802" title="Area code 802">802</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td>50-46000<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td>1461834<sup id="cite_ref-GNIS1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNIS1-5">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Interstates</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89"><img alt="I-89.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/I-89.svg/25px-I-89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/I-89.svg/38px-I-89.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/I-89.svg/50px-I-89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">U.S. Highways</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Route_2_in_Vermont" title="U.S. Route 2 in Vermont"><img alt="US 2.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_2.svg/25px-US_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_2.svg/38px-US_2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_2.svg/50px-US_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">State Routes</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_Route_12" title="Vermont Route 12"><img alt="Ellipse sign 12.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ellipse_sign_12.svg/25px-Ellipse_sign_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ellipse_sign_12.svg/38px-Ellipse_sign_12.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ellipse_sign_12.svg/50px-Ellipse_sign_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montpelier-vt.org/">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Montpelier</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> is the capital <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vermont" title="List of cities in Vermont">city</a> of the U.S. state of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">seat</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Washington County, Vermont">Washington County</a>. The site of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Vermont" title="Government of Vermont">Vermont's state government</a>, it is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">least populous state capital</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> The population was 7,855 as of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a>. However, the daytime population grows to about 21,000, due to the large number of jobs within city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_College_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vermont College of Fine Arts">Vermont College of Fine Arts</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Culinary_Institute" title="New England Culinary Institute">New England Culinary Institute</a> are located in the municipality. It was named after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, a city in the south of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Personal_income"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal income</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Industry"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Industry</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Tourism"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tourism</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Arts_and_culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Arts and culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Parks_and_recreation"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Parks and recreation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Government"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Roads"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roads</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Rail"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rail</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Bus"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Bus</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Air"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Air</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_first_Vermont_State_House_(1808_wood_engraving).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_first_Vermont_State_House_%281808_wood_engraving%29.jpg/220px-The_first_Vermont_State_House_%281808_wood_engraving%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_first_Vermont_State_House_%281808_wood_engraving%29.jpg/330px-The_first_Vermont_State_House_%281808_wood_engraving%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_first_Vermont_State_House_%281808_wood_engraving%29.jpg/440px-The_first_Vermont_State_House_%281808_wood_engraving%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="2944" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_first_Vermont_State_House_(1808_wood_engraving).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>, built in 1808, was designed by Sylvanus Baldwin.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Montpelier,_1884.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Montpelier%2C_1884.png/220px-Montpelier%2C_1884.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Montpelier%2C_1884.png/330px-Montpelier%2C_1884.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Montpelier%2C_1884.png/440px-Montpelier%2C_1884.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1167" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Montpelier,_1884.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Montpelier as illustrated in 1884</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg/220px-Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg/330px-Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg/440px-Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2189" data-file-height="1473" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rues_de_Montpelier_Vermont_USA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>State Street, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_Historic_District_(Vermont)" title="Montpelier Historic District (Vermont)">Montpelier Historic District</a>, 2006</div></div></div>
<p>Between 1600 and 1800, European settlers began to arrive in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup> Soon after, war, disease, and dispersal virtually destroyed the Native American settlements. However, evidence suggests some Native Americans remained in the area as late as the mid-1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Originally charted on August 14, 1781, the Town of Montpelier was granted municipal powers by the "Governor, Council and General Assembly of the Freemen of the State of Vermont".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a></sup> The first permanent settlement began in May 1787, when Colonel Jacob Davis and General Parley Davis arrived from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlton,_Massachusetts" title="Charlton, Massachusetts">Charlton, Massachusetts</a>. General Davis surveyed the land, while Colonel Davis cleared forest and erected a large log house on the west side of the North Branch of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winooski_River" title="Winooski River">Winooski River</a>. His family moved in the following winter.
</p><p>Colonel Davis selected the name "Montpelier" after the French city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> There was a general enthusiasm for things French as a result of the country's aid to the American colonies during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> The settlement grew quickly, and by 1791 the population reached 117.
</p><p>The configuration of the early village was strongly influenced by geography. As early as 1799 a bridge was constructed across the Winooski River to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berlin,_Vermont" title="Berlin, Vermont">Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Town's Charter was reissued on February 6, 1804, to include a boundary description of the lands granted to the Town's inhabitants and proprietors.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a></sup> The confluence of the Winooski, North Branch and Dog Rivers provided a central point for the local population and commerce.
</p><p>By 1805 the town had a population of 1,200. In that year the state legislature sought a permanent home. Montpelier was selected because of its central location and accessibility, and because local residents provided land and money. A humble State House was soon constructed on State Street.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1825, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette">Marquis de Lafayette</a> visited Montpelier on a triumphal tour of the United States, 50 years after the Revolutionary War.
</p><p>The town developed into a center for manufacturing, especially after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Vermont_Railway" title="Central Vermont Railway">Central Vermont Railway</a> opened in Montpelier on June 20, 1849. In response to Montpelier's growth and changing demographics, on November 9, 1848, the General Assembly divided the original Town into two district municipal corporations. The towns of East Montpelier and Montpelier were created. Later on, in an attempt to modernize its form of government, the town was reconstituted as the Village of Montpelier.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 1858, the layout of the main streets paralleling the rivers was in place. The downtown street pattern has changed very little since that time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Ten thousand people turned out to greet Major General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a> when he visited to address the fourth annual meeting of Vermont former Union officers. He particularly thanked Vermont veterans of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> for their performance at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Battle of Cedar Creek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1875, a large fire destroyed many downtown buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The village had the first municipal water driven hydro system in Vermont in 1884. Water pressure generated sufficient electricity for streetlights.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first charter of Montpelier was granted in 1894, and was amended shortly thereafter in 1898, and again in 1900 and 1912. The first amendment permitted the city to annex a part of the Town of Berlin; the latter enactments amended the 1898 charter to deal with such matters as water works, the relationship between the city and the Washington County Grammar School, and composition of the City Council.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>The state proclaimed October 12, 1899, as "Dewey Day" to honor native son <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Dewey" title="George Dewey">George Dewey</a>, the hero of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Battle of Manila Bay</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. Thousands turned out from the state to his hometown of Montpelier for the celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> In 1899, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hubbard_Park_(Montpelier,_Vermont)" title="Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)">Hubbard Park</a> was established with a donation of land, known as "Hubbard Hill", bequeathed to the City of Montpelier by John Erastus Hubbard (1847–1899) with the intent to "preserve wilderness" for future generations. In 1911, additional land was donated and from 1915 to 1930 an observation tower was constructed on this donated land.
</p><p>In 1927, after a particularly wet summer and fall, heavy rains began on the evening of November 2 that continued until the morning of November 4. The heaviest rain fell on November 3, when more than seven inches fell in a six-hour period. The prolonged heavy rains on top of the already saturated soil from the summer and fall proved to be more than the watercourses could handle. Brooks and rivers overflowed carrying trees and logs in their wake. Dams, bridges and embankments were destroyed. Buildings were submerged, farm animals drowned, and homes and barns were swept away. Rivers reached 13 feet or more above their normal depths. Flood waters gradually receded, leaving behind silt, gravel and debris. At least a foot of mud was left on the floors of downtown stores.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>At the time only two stores in Montpelier carried flood insurance. The staggering loss represented an average of $400 for every man, woman, and child in town – equivalent to roughly $5,760 in 2018 dollars. In the days following the flood, Vermont was widely praised for its recovery efforts. President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>, in particular, hailed the “indomitable spirit” of Vermonters, of whom he was one.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>In response to the damage suffered by Montpelier and surrounding communities in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Vermont_Flood_of_1927" title="Great Vermont Flood of 1927">Great Flood of 1927</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a> built the Wrightsville Dam during a period from 1933 to 1935. The resulting reservoir, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wrightsville_Reservoir" title="Wrightsville Reservoir">Wrightsville Reservoir</a>, required the disbandment and flooding of the village of Wrightsville, which contained at least 30 built structures at the time.
</p><p>The City of Montpelier grew slowly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries during the period of intensive out-migration from the state to new lands in the West, or to industrial centers elsewhere in New England. Montpelier was already established as a government, market, service and industrial center in the region. When the automobile arrived, new state highways were routed to the city limits, and traffic then circulated through the original streets of the city. In 1954, a new bridge was constructed at Bailey Avenue which linked to an extension of Winooski Avenue, now Memorial Drive, and diverted some of the traffic from the downtown area.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>An early spring thaw in March 1992 caused an ice jam to form in the Winooski River downstream of the Bailey Avenue bridge in Montpelier. In less than an hour, water levels in the Winooski and North Branch rivers rose upstream of the ice jam and flooded downtown Montpelier. The damage shut down 120 businesses, left 50 residents without homes, disrupted the operations the state government, and caused upwards of $5 million in damage.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg/220px-Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg/330px-Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg/440px-Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winooski_river_montpelier.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winooski_River" title="Winooski River">Winooski River</a> at Montpelier</div></div></div>
<p>Montpelier is located in the north-central area of Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-20">[20]</a></sup> The city center is a flat clay zone (elevation 520 ft/158 m), surrounded by hills and granite ledges. Towne Hill runs in a 2-mile (3.2 km) ridge (~900 ft/275 m) along the northern edge of the city.
</p><p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 10.3 square miles (27 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 10.2 square miles (26 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.10% is water. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winooski_River" title="Winooski River">Winooski River</a> flows west along the south edge of downtown village and is fed by several smaller tributaries that cut through residential districts. Montpelier has been subject to periodic flooding in the flat city center, with two major floods occurring in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Vermont_Flood_of_1927" title="Great Vermont Flood of 1927">1927</a> and in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>On its borders are the towns of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middlesex,_Vermont" title="Middlesex, Vermont">Middlesex</a> to the west, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berlin,_Vermont" title="Berlin, Vermont">Berlin</a> to the south, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Montpelier,_Vermont" title="East Montpelier, Vermont">East Montpelier</a> to the north and east. Montpelier lies near the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic center">geographic center</a> of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> Though it does not share a border, Montpelier is frequently associated with the nearby city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre_(city),_Vermont" title="Barre (city), Vermont">Barre</a>, and the two are often referred to together as "Barre-Montpelier".
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Montpelier features a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Dfb</i>), with long, cold, and snowy winters, short springs and autumns, and warm, humid summers. From January to July, daily means range from 16.4 to 67.3 °F (−8.7 to 19.6 °C). In winter, lows fall below 0 °F or −17.8 °C on 24 mornings and daytime highs stay below freezing for the majority of afternoons from December to February. Snow is also frequent and remains on the ground for long stretches throughout the winter, though thaws are by no means infrequent. Average annual snowfall is 94.2 inches or 2.39 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Summers are warm and often humid, with 2 or 3 days above 90 °F or 32.2 °C, but rarely reaching 95 °F or 35 °C.
</p><p>Extremes have ranged from −34 °F or −36.7 °C in January 1981 to 97 °F or 36.1 °C, most recently recorded in July 1977.
</p>
<div>
<table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="14"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float:left; text-align:left"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Montpelier,_Vermont_weatherbox" title="Template:Montpelier, Vermont weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Montpelier,_Vermont_weatherbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Montpelier, Vermont weatherbox (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Montpelier,_Vermont_weatherbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Climate data for Montpelier, VT (1981-2010 normals, extremes 2000-present)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Month
</th>
<th scope="col">Jan
</th>
<th scope="col">Feb
</th>
<th scope="col">Mar
</th>
<th scope="col">Apr
</th>
<th scope="col">May
</th>
<th scope="col">Jun
</th>
<th scope="col">Jul
</th>
<th scope="col">Aug
</th>
<th scope="col">Sep
</th>
<th scope="col">Oct
</th>
<th scope="col">Nov
</th>
<th scope="col">Dec
</th>
<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;">64<br />(18)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;">72<br />(22)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">84<br />(29)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;">93<br />(34)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;">93<br />(34)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;">103<br />(39)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100<br />(38)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100<br />(38)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100<br />(38)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;">86<br />(30)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;">76<br />(24)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;">70<br />(21)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">103<br />(39)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;">49.3<br />(9.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;">53.2<br />(11.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;">63.1<br />(17.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;">85.1<br />(29.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;">87.3<br />(30.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;">95.2<br />(35.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;">94.5<br />(34.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;">93.8<br />(34.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;">91.1<br />(32.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">80.0<br />(26.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;">65.4<br />(18.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;">50.1<br />(10.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">98.2<br />(36.8)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;">28.7<br />(−1.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;">32.1<br />(0.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;">42.4<br />(5.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;">55.8<br />(13.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;">68.8<br />(20.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;">78.1<br />(25.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;">82.8<br />(28.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;">81.5<br />(27.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;">75.2<br />(24.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;">58.8<br />(14.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;">46.0<br />(7.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;">33.0<br />(0.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">56.9<br />(13.9)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;">16.0<br />(−8.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;">19.5<br />(−6.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;">29.7<br />(−1.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;">43.3<br />(6.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;">54.9<br />(12.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;">65.3<br />(18.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;">70.4<br />(21.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">68.6<br />(20.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;">61.8<br />(16.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;">47.2<br />(8.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;">36.5<br />(2.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">23.5<br />(−4.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">44.7<br />(7.1)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;">4.1<br />(−15.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;">6.9<br />(−13.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;">16.8<br />(−8.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;">30.7<br />(−0.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;">40.8<br />(4.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;">52.6<br />(11.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;">57.9<br />(14.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;">55.7<br />(13.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;">48.2<br />(9.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;">35.6<br />(2.0)
</td>
<td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;">27.0<br />(−2.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;">13.9<br />(−10.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">32.5<br />(0.3)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−15.5<br />(−26.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−13.7<br />(−25.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;">−2.5<br />(−19.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;">18.5<br />(−7.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;">27.3<br />(−2.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;">38.7<br />(3.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;">47.5<br />(8.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;">44.3<br />(6.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;">34.4<br />(1.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;">22.0<br />(−5.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;">11.9<br />(−11.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;">−6.5<br />(−21.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−19.3<br />(−28.5)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−28<br />(−33)
</td>
<td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−28<br />(−33)
</td>
<td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−24<br />(−31)
</td>
<td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;">9<br />(−13)
</td>
<td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;">22<br />(−6)
</td>
<td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">33<br />(1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">42<br />(6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">43<br />(6)
</td>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">24<br />(−4)
</td>
<td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;">18<br />(−8)
</td>
<td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;">0<br />(−18)
</td>
<td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−18<br />(−28)
</td>
<td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−28<br />(−33)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm)
</th>
<td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;">2.69<br />(68)
</td>
<td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;">2.91<br />(74)
</td>
<td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;">3.08<br />(78)
</td>
<td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;">3.18<br />(81)
</td>
<td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;">3.12<br />(79)
</td>
<td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;">4.42<br />(112)
</td>
<td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;">5.00<br />(127)
</td>
<td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;">3.57<br />(91)
</td>
<td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;">3.19<br />(81)
</td>
<td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;">4.13<br />(105)
</td>
<td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;">3.42<br />(87)
</td>
<td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;">4.49<br />(114)
</td>
<td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">44.85<br />(1,139)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm)
</th>
<td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;">19.75<br />(50.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #00004A; color:#FFFFFF;">10.48<br />(26.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;">13.19<br />(33.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;">1.50<br />(3.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.00<br />(0.00)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.00<br />(0.00)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.00<br />(0.00)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.00<br />(0.00)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.00<br />(0.00)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.00<br />(0.00)
</td>
<td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;">3.97<br />(10.1)
</td>
<td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;">12.50<br />(31.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">61.39<br />(156)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in.)</span>
</th>
<td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;">12.8
</td>
<td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">12.4
</td>
<td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;">11.8
</td>
<td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;">11.5
</td>
<td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;">11.1
</td>
<td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.0
</td>
<td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;">11.4
</td>
<td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;">9.9
</td>
<td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;">9.3
</td>
<td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;">12.8
</td>
<td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;">12.1
</td>
<td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;">16.6
</td>
<td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">163.7
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in.)</span>
</th>
<td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;">7.0
</td>
<td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;">5.8
</td>
<td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;">3.5
</td>
<td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;">0.9
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</td>
<td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;">1.5
</td>
<td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;">5.0
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">23.7
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a>
</th>
<td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;">5
</td>
<td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;">6
</td>
<td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">7
</td>
<td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;">8
</td>
<td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;">9
</td>
<td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;">9
</td>
<td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;">8
</td>
<td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;">6
</td>
<td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;">5
</td>
<td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;">3
</td>
<td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;">3
</td>
<td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">6
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a>
</th>
<td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;">9.3
</td>
<td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;">10.5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;">12.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;">13.5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF66; color:#000000;">14.8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF72; color:#000000;">15.5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF6B; color:#000000;">15.1
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF58; color:#000000;">14.0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;">12.5
</td>
<td style="background: #F9F924; color:#000000;">11.0
</td>
<td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;">9.6
</td>
<td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;">8.9
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">12.2
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a>
</th>
<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">1
</td>
<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">5
</td>
<td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;">7
</td>
<td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;">8
</td>
<td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;">8
</td>
<td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;">7
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">3
</td>
<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">2
</td>
<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">1
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-24">[24]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-WA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WA-25">[25]</a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="toccolours" style="border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="4" class="navbox-title" style="padding-right:3px; padding-left:3px; font-size:110%; text-align:center">Historical population
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">Census</th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr>
</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1800_United_States_Census" title="1800 United States Census">1800</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">890</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">—</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1810_United_States_Census" title="1810 United States Census">1810</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">1,877</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">110.9%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1820_United_States_Census" title="1820 United States Census">1820</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">2,308</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">23.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1830_United_States_Census" title="1830 United States Census">1830</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">1,193</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−48.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1840_United_States_Census" title="1840 United States Census">1840</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">3,725</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">212.2%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1850_United_States_Census" title="1850 United States Census">1850</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">2,310</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−38.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1860_United_States_Census" title="1860 United States Census">1860</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">2,411</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">4.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1870_United_States_Census" title="1870 United States Census">1870</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">3,023</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">25.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1880_United_States_Census" title="1880 United States Census">1880</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">3,219</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">6.5%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1890_United_States_Census" title="1890 United States Census">1890</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">4,160</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">29.2%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1900_United_States_Census" title="1900 United States Census">1900</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">6,266</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">50.6%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1910_United_States_Census" title="1910 United States Census">1910</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">7,856</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">25.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1920_United_States_Census" title="1920 United States Census">1920</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">7,125</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−9.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1930_United_States_Census" title="1930 United States Census">1930</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">7,837</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">10.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_Census" title="1940 United States Census">1940</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,006</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">2.2%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" title="1950 United States Census">1950</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,559</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">6.9%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_United_States_Census" title="1960 United States Census">1960</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,782</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">2.6%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Census" title="1970 United States Census">1970</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,609</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,241</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−4.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" title="1990 United States Census">1990</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,247</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">0.1%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">8,035</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−2.6%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">7,855</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−2.2%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b>2019 (est.)</b></td><td style="padding-left:0px;">7,372</td><td style="font-size:85%"><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-3">[3]</a></sup></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−6.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-26">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VTHistory_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VTHistory-27">[27]</a></sup></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Along with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre_(city),_Vermont" title="Barre (city), Vermont">Barre</a>, the city forms a small <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Micropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Micropolitan area">micropolitan area</a> in the center of the state; together they are known as <i>the twin cities</i>.
</p><p>As of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a><sup id="cite_ref-GR2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-4">[4]</a></sup> of 2010, there were 7,855 people, 3,739 households, and 1,940 families residing in the city. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 784.0 people per square mile (302.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 3,899 housing units at an average density of 380.4 per square mile (146.9/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 93.7% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 1.0% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.3% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 2.2% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.01% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.39% from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 2.2% from two or more races. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 2.1% of the population.
</p><p>There were 3,739 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 years living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.1% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.84.
</p><p>In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_income">Personal income</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal income">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The median income for a household in the city was $37,513, and the median income for a family was $51,818. Males had a median income of $35,957 versus $29,442 for females. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> for the city was $22,599. About 7.2% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MontperierVT_downtown.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/MontperierVT_downtown.jpg/220px-MontperierVT_downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/MontperierVT_downtown.jpg/330px-MontperierVT_downtown.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/MontperierVT_downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="268" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MontperierVT_downtown.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Downtown shops</div></div></div>
<p>Government, higher education, insurance and tourism are principal businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Industry">Industry</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Industry">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Since the city's establishment as capital in 1805, the primary business in Montpelier has been government, and by the mid-19th century government and life and fire insurance. Companies based in Montpelier include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Life_Group" title="National Life Group">National Life Group</a>.
</p><p>Located in Montpelier are the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Culinary_Institute" title="New England Culinary Institute">New England Culinary Institute</a>, the annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Mountain_Film_Festival" title="Green Mountain Film Festival">Green Mountain Film Festival</a> and the headquarters of several insurance companies. The majority of businesses in the downtown area, mostly retail, are locally owned.
</p><p>Montpelier is the only state capital in the United States of America that does not have a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> However, there is a McDonald's location in nearby <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berlin,_Vermont" title="Berlin, Vermont">Berlin, Vermont</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tourism">Tourism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Vermont History Museum, operated in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Pavilion_(Vermont)" title="The Pavilion (Vermont)">The Pavilion</a> by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_Historical_Society" title="Vermont Historical Society">Vermont Historical Society</a>, is an attraction.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Montpelier,_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Montpelier%2C_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg/220px-Montpelier%2C_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Montpelier%2C_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg/330px-Montpelier%2C_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Montpelier%2C_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg/440px-Montpelier%2C_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Montpelier,_Vermont-_Building_on_the_river_crossing_State_street-2018-07-28.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Building of the State street built on the North Branch River (tributary of Winooski River).</div></div></div>
<ul><li>Kellogg-Hubbard Library—with a copy of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parthenon_Frieze" title="Parthenon Frieze">Parthenon Frieze</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li>Lost Nation Theater<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></li>
<li>Montpelier Theatre Guild<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup></li>
<li>Vermont History Museum—in The Pavilion<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a></li>
<li>T. W. Wood Gallery & Arts Center<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li>Capital City Concerts<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup></li>
<li>An annual local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vernacular_culture" title="Vernacular culture">vernacular culture</a> phenomenon, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valentine_Phantom" title="Valentine Phantom">Valentine Phantom</a>, a tradition of covering downtown storefronts and public buildings with red hearts each February 14, began in Montpelier in the 1990s.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_Mountaineers" title="Vermont Mountaineers">Vermont Mountaineers</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Collegiate_Baseball_League" title="New England Collegiate Baseball League">New England Collegiate Baseball League</a> play at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_Recreation_Field" title="Montpelier Recreation Field">Montpelier Recreation Field</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg/220px-MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg/330px-MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg/440px-MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="3672" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MontpelierVT_HubbardParkTower3_20170827.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hubbard_Park_(Montpelier,_Vermont)" title="Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)">Hubbard Park</a> Observation Tower, built 1915–1930<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The city has three city nature centers. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hubbard_Park_(Montpelier,_Vermont)" title="Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont)">Hubbard Park</a> rises behind the state capitol building and extends along the ridge line towards the north past the pool to the stump dump.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> Accessible from Cummings Street off State Route 12, the North Branch River Park is the second-largest park in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> The Mill Pond Park is located along State Route 12 approximately a 0.25 miles (0.40 km) from the cemetery and features boat access to the North Branch river, as well as benches and short-term parking.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> The North Branch Nature Center is located at the northern end of town and includes 17 acres (6.9 ha) of protected land as well as a community nature center. A bridge from the North Branch Nature Center connects the land to the North Branch River Park on the opposite side of the North Branch River.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> In recent years, North Branch River Park has significantly expanding its mountain biking trails, making it a hub for area mountain bikers of all ages. The first mountain bike trail in North Branch River Park was constructed and opened in 2005 as part of a partnership between the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikemamba.org/">Montpelier Area Mountain Bike Association</a> and the Montpelier Parks Department. Since that time, 4 additional miles of trails have been added. A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pump_track" title="Pump track">pump track</a> is also currently under construction.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Government">Government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:City_Hall,_Montpelier_VT.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/City_Hall%2C_Montpelier_VT.jpg/220px-City_Hall%2C_Montpelier_VT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/City_Hall%2C_Montpelier_VT.jpg/330px-City_Hall%2C_Montpelier_VT.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/City_Hall%2C_Montpelier_VT.jpg/440px-City_Hall%2C_Montpelier_VT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:City_Hall,_Montpelier_VT.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_City_Hall" title="Montpelier City Hall">Montpelier City Hall</a></div></div></div>
<p>Montpelier's government maintains a city council, city manager, and mayor. The city council consists of a mayor and six members each elected from districts with each district electing two members for two year terms. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote to a two-year term. The council appoints the city manager who is the chief administrative officer of the city.
</p><p>The city provides municipal services for its residents and businesses. These include local law enforcement, firefighting, planning and zoning regulation, and provision for potable drinking water and wastewater.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>Public schools include:
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Montpelier High School">Montpelier High School</a></li>
<li>Main Street Middle School<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup></li>
<li>Union Elementary School<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>River Rock School is a private school serving kindergarten through 8th grade students.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li>A campus of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Community_College_of_Vermont" title="Community College of Vermont">Community College of Vermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Culinary_Institute" title="New England Culinary Institute">New England Culinary Institute</a>, a for-profit career college</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Institute_%26_University" title="Union Institute & University">Union Institute & University</a> Vermont campus, offers a Master of Education program through a low-residency (online) program<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_College_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vermont College of Fine Arts">Vermont College of Fine Arts</a> is a low-residency graduate school offering Masters of Fine Arts degrees in visual arts, writing, and writing for children and young adults<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MainStMontpelier.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MainStMontpelier.JPG/220px-MainStMontpelier.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MainStMontpelier.JPG/330px-MainStMontpelier.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MainStMontpelier.JPG/440px-MainStMontpelier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MainStMontpelier.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Main Street in downtown Montpelier</div></div></div>
<p>Montpelier has become one of Vermont's most readily accessible cities and towns, as Vermont's founders deliberately placed the capital near the geographic center of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Roads">Roads</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>The city is located along <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89">Interstate 89</a>. East–west <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Route_2_in_Vermont" title="U.S. Route 2 in Vermont">U.S. Route 2</a> and north–south <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_Route_12" title="Vermont Route 12">Vermont Route 12</a> are two other principal routes that intersect in Montpelier. Both I-89 and U.S. 2 provide a direct link to Burlington and the populous Lake Champlain Valley in the northwestern corner of the state. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Route_302" title="U.S. Route 302">U.S. Route 302</a> has its western terminus in Montpelier, connecting it with the nearby city of Barre and points east.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Rail">Rail</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_station_(Vermont)" title="Montpelier station (Vermont)">Montpelier station (Vermont)</a></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service from its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montpelier_station_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montpelier station (Amtrak)">station</a> at Montpelier Junction in the neighboring town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berlin,_Vermont" title="Berlin, Vermont">Berlin</a>, on the route known as the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermonter_(train)" title="Vermonter (train)">Vermonter</a>", operating between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans, Vermont</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Bus">Bus</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bus">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greyhound_Bus_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Greyhound Bus Lines">Greyhound</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">Megabus</a> operate buses that serve Montpelier. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Mountain_Transit_Authority" title="Green Mountain Transit Authority">Green Mountain Transit Authority</a> (GMTA) operates a local bus network throughout the micropolitan area, with stops in Montpelier and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre_(city),_Vermont" title="Barre (city), Vermont">Barre</a>, including nearby <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury,_Vermont" title="Waterbury, Vermont">Waterbury</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_%26_Jerry%27s" title="Ben & Jerry's">Ben & Jerry's</a> factory, and the local Berlin Mall. GMTA and its sister bus company in Burlington, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chittenden_County_Transportation_Authority" title="Chittenden County Transportation Authority">Chittenden County Transportation Authority</a> (CCTA), operate a series of LINK commuter buses with stops in Montpelier, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richmond,_Vermont" title="Richmond, Vermont">Richmond</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury,_Vermont" title="Waterbury, Vermont">Waterbury</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Air">Air</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Air travelers in private planes can use the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_F._Knapp_State_Airport" title="Edward F. Knapp State Airport">Edward F. Knapp State Airport</a> in Berlin to access Montpelier. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington_International_Airport" title="Burlington International Airport">Burlington International Airport</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chittenden_County,_Vermont" title="Chittenden County, Vermont">Chittenden County</a> is the closest commercial air service, located 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Montpelier.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other">Other</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Two shared-use paths for walking and bicycling connect to Montpelier: the Cross Vermont Trail and the Central Vermont Regional Path. Montpelier's downtown is relatively compact and pedestrian-friendly, with sidewalks and crosswalks throughout the downtown area.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Montpelier,_Vermont" title="List of people from Montpelier, Vermont">List of people from Montpelier, Vermont</a></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Athenwood_and_the_Thomas_W._Wood_Studio" title="Athenwood and the Thomas W. Wood Studio">Athenwood and the Thomas W. Wood Studio</a> - historic buildings in Montpelier</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christ_Episcopal_Church_(Montpelier,_Vermont)" title="Christ Episcopal Church (Montpelier, Vermont)">Christ Episcopal Church</a> - historic church in Montpelier</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Augustine%27s_Church,_Montpelier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine's Church, Montpelier">Saint Augustine's Church</a> - historic church in Montpelier</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Mayor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montpelier-vt.org/258/City-Council-Mayor">"City Council & Mayor"</a>. <i>City of Montpelier, Vermont</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Montpelier%2C+Vermont&rft.atitle=City+Council+%26+Mayor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montpelier-vt.org%2F258%2FCity-Council-Mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r982806391">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_50.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_50.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a>. United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GR2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GNIS1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GNIS1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1461834">"Montpelier"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.atitle=Montpelier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov%2Fapex%2Ff%3Fp%3Dgnispq%3A3%3A%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP3_FID%3A1461834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Montpelier">"the definition of Montpelier"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+definition+of+Montpelier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2FMontpelier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyday-democracy.org/en/Article.495.aspx">Smallest capital city plans big MLK celebration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726042724/http://www.everyday-democracy.org/en/Article.495.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-07-26 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2010-04-23.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/2804">A Study and Analysis of the Fiscal Impacts of Growth in the City of Montpelier</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713020504/http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html">"Washington County"</a>. Virtual Vermont. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/montpelier.html">the original</a> on 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+County&rft.pub=Virtual+Vermont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualvermont.com%2Ftowns%2Fmontpelier.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montpelier-vt.org/552/About-Montpelier">"About Montpelier | Montpelier, VT"</a>. <i>www.montpelier-vt.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.montpelier-vt.org&rft.atitle=About+Montpelier+%7C+Montpelier%2C+VT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montpelier-vt.org%2F552%2FAbout-Montpelier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222713/http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF">"Charter of the City of Montpelier"</a>. <i>www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montpelier-vt.org/DocumentCenter/View/1454/City-Charter-PDF">the original</a> on 2018-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.montpelier-vt.org%2FDocumentCenter%2FView%2F1454%2FCity-Charter-PDF&rft.atitle=Charter+of+the+City+of+Montpelier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.montpelier-vt.org%2FDocumentCenter%2FView%2F1454%2FCity-Charter-PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project_of_the_Works_Progress_Administration_for_the_State_of_Vermont1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project" title="Federal Writers' Project">Federal Writers' Project</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> for the State of Vermont (1996). <i>Vermont: A guide to the Green Mountain State</i>. The Stephen Greene Press. p. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vermont%3A+A+guide+to+the+Green+Mountain+State&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=The+Stephen+Greene+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project+of+the+Works+Progress+Administration+for+the+State+of+Vermont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSwift,_Esther_Munroe1977" class="citation book cs1">Swift, Esther Munroe (1977). <i>Vermont Place Names: Footprints of History</i>. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 451–454. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8289-0291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8289-0291-7"><bdi>0-8289-0291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vermont+Place+Names%3A+Footprints+of+History&rft.pages=451-454&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8289-0291-7&rft.au=Swift%2C+Esther+Munroe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCoffin2013" class="citation book cs1">Coffin, Howard (6 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DUjDdl0YyzUC&q=sheridan+address+vermont+October+30+1867+montpelier&pg=PT589"><i>Something Abides: Discovering the Civil War in Today's Vermont</i></a>. The Countryman Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781581577778" title="Special:BookSources/9781581577778"><bdi>9781581577778</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+Abides%3A+Discovering+the+Civil+War+in+Today%27s+Vermont&rft.pub=The+Countryman+Press&rft.date=2013-05-06&rft.isbn=9781581577778&rft.aulast=Coffin&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDUjDdl0YyzUC%26q%3Dsheridan%2Baddress%2Bvermont%2BOctober%2B30%2B1867%2Bmontpelier%26pg%3DPT589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHuegenin2016" class="citation journal cs1">Huegenin, Joan (May 18, 2016). "Reunion Society of Vermont Officers". <i>Journal of the Northeast Kingdom Civil War Roundtable</i>: 7–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Northeast+Kingdom+Civil+War+Roundtable&rft.atitle=Reunion+Society+of+Vermont+Officers&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.aulast=Huegenin&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarg2009" class="citation news cs1">Barg, Lori (9 August 2009). "Power from the plumbing". <i>=Burlington Free Press</i>. Burlington, Vermont. pp. 5D.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3DBurlington+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Power+from+the+plumbing&rft.pages=5D&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft.aulast=Barg&rft.aufirst=Lori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vermonthistory.org/documents/findaid/dewey.pdf">"George Dewey (1837–1917) Family Papers, 1844–1901 MS 125"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Dewey+%281837%E2%80%931917%29+Family+Papers%2C+1844%E2%80%931901+MS+125&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vermonthistory.org%2Fdocuments%2Ffindaid%2Fdewey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/climo/stations/montpelier.shtml">NWS Burlington Forecast Office</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-VTHistory-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VTHistory_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vermonthistory.org/explorer">"Vermont History Explorer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vermont+History+Explorer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vermonthistory.org%2Fexplorer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Northeast/Montpelier-Economy.html">"Montpelier: Economy-Major Industries"</a>. <i>City.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City.com&rft.atitle=Montpelier%3A+Economy-Major+Industries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-data.com%2Fus-cities%2FThe-Northeast%2FMontpelier-Economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Meghan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/montpelier-doesnt-have-a-mcdonalds-2017-12">"This is the only US state capital that doesn't have a McDonald's"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. Reader's Digest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=This+is+the+only+US+state+capital+that+doesn%27t+have+a+McDonald%27s&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Meghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmontpelier-doesnt-have-a-mcdonalds-2017-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lostnationtheater.org/">"Lost Nation Theater - Home"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lost+Nation+Theater+-+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lostnationtheater.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919040656/http://www.montpeliertheatreguild.org/index.html">"Montpelier Theatre Guild"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montpeliertheatreguild.org/index.html">the original</a> on 2008-09-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montpelier+Theatre+Guild&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.montpeliertheatreguild.org%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vermonthistory.org/">"Home - Vermont Historical Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+-+Vermont+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vermonthistory.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twwoodgallery.org/">"T.W. Wood Gallery, Vermont - Welcome"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.W.+Wood+Gallery%2C+Vermont+-+Welcome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twwoodgallery.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalcityconcerts.org">"Capital City Concerts – Montpelier Vermont's Premiere Classical Concert Series"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capital+City+Concerts+%E2%80%93+Montpelier+Vermont%27s+Premiere+Classical+Concert+Series&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalcityconcerts.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montpelier-vt.org/242/Park-Features">"Park Features – Montpelier, Vermont"</a>. City of Montpelier, Vermont.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Park+Features+%E2%80%93+Montpelier%2C+Vermont&rft.pub=City+of+Montpelier%2C+Vermont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.montpelier-vt.org%2F242%2FPark-Features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mpsvt.org/msms/">http://www.mpsvt.org/msms/</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpsvt.org/ues/">Union Elementary School</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRyan" class="citation web cs1">Ryan, River Rock School, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riverrockschool.org">"River Rock School: Handcrafted Education in Central Vermont"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=River+Rock+School%3A+Handcrafted+Education+in+Central+Vermont&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=River+Rock+School%2C+Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riverrockschool.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tui.edu/med/v_overview.asp">Union Institute and University of Vermont Center M.Ed. Program</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tui.edu/vcfa/">Vermont College of Fine Arts</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/vt_geography.htm">"Vermont Geography from NETSTATE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vermont+Geography+from+NETSTATE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fgeography%2Fvt_geography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM1DDE">"Vermont Capitol - Montpelier, VT - Capitol Buildings on Waymarking.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vermont+Capitol+-+Montpelier%2C+VT+-+Capitol+Buildings+on+Waymarking.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM1DDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCoolidgeMansfield1859" class="citation book cs1">Coolidge, A. J. & Mansfield, J. B. (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ"><i>A History and Description of New England</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n37">9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+and+Description+of+New+England&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=A.J.+Coolidge&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.au=Mansfield%2C+J.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontpelier%2C+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montpelier,_Vermont&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montpelier,_Vermont" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Montpelier, Vermont"><span style="">Montpelier, Vermont</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Montpelier#Q26426" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Montpelier">Montpelier</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Montpelier" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Montpelier">Montpelier</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montpelier-vt.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Washington_County,_Vermont,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#BBDDBB;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Template:Washington County, Vermont"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#BBDDBB;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Template talk:Washington County, Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#BBDDBB;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Washington_County,_Vermont&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#BBDDBB;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Washington_County,_Vermont,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Washington County, Vermont"><span class="region">Washington County, Vermont</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#BBDDBB;"><div id="Shire_town:_Montpelier"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shire_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire town"><span>Shire town</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Montpelier</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre,_Vermont_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barre, Vermont (city)">Barre</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_Vermont_highlighting_Washington_County.svg/61px-Map_of_Vermont_highlighting_Washington_County.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Map of Vermont highlighting Washington County" width="61" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_Vermont_highlighting_Washington_County.svg/92px-Map_of_Vermont_highlighting_Washington_County.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_Vermont_highlighting_Washington_County.svg/123px-Map_of_Vermont_highlighting_Washington_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="2550" /></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre,_Vermont_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barre, Vermont (town)">Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berlin,_Vermont" title="Berlin, Vermont">Berlin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabot,_Vermont" title="Cabot, Vermont">Cabot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calais,_Vermont" title="Calais, Vermont">Calais</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duxbury,_Vermont" title="Duxbury, Vermont">Duxbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Montpelier,_Vermont" title="East Montpelier, Vermont">East Montpelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fayston,_Vermont" title="Fayston, Vermont">Fayston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marshfield_(town),_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshfield (town), Vermont">Marshfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middlesex,_Vermont" title="Middlesex, Vermont">Middlesex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moretown,_Vermont" title="Moretown, Vermont">Moretown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northfield,_Vermont" title="Northfield, Vermont">Northfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plainfield,_Vermont" title="Plainfield, Vermont">Plainfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roxbury,_Vermont" title="Roxbury, Vermont">Roxbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waitsfield,_Vermont" title="Waitsfield, Vermont">Waitsfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren,_Vermont" title="Warren, Vermont">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury,_Vermont" title="Waterbury, Vermont">Waterbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodbury,_Vermont" title="Woodbury, Vermont">Woodbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Vermont" title="Worcester, Vermont">Worcester</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Village_(Vermont)" title="Village (Vermont)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marshfield_(village),_Vermont" title="Marshfield (village), Vermont">Marshfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northfield_(village),_Vermont" title="Northfield (village), Vermont">Northfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury_(village),_Vermont" title="Waterbury (village), Vermont">Waterbury</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabot_(village),_Vermont" title="Cabot (village), Vermont">Cabot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Barre,_Vermont" title="East Barre, Vermont">East Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Montpelier_(CDP),_Vermont" title="East Montpelier (CDP), Vermont">East Montpelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graniteville,_Vermont" title="Graniteville, Vermont">Graniteville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plainfield_(CDP),_Vermont" title="Plainfield (CDP), Vermont">Plainfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Barre,_Vermont" title="South Barre, Vermont">South Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waitsfield_(CDP),_Vermont" title="Waitsfield (CDP), Vermont">Waitsfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Websterville,_Vermont" title="Websterville, Vermont">Websterville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester_(CDP),_Vermont" title="Worcester (CDP), Vermont">Worcester</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adamant,_Vermont" title="Adamant, Vermont">Adamant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Calais,_Vermont" title="East Calais, Vermont">East Calais</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Montpelier,_Vermont" title="North Montpelier, Vermont">North Montpelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northfield_Falls,_Vermont" title="Northfield Falls, Vermont">Northfield Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tangletown,_Vermont" title="Tangletown, Vermont">Tangletown</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#BBDDBB;"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Vermont" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Vermont" title="Template:Vermont"><abbr title="View this template" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Vermont" title="Template talk:Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Vermont&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Vermont" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;"><div id="Montpelier_(capital)"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Mountains" title="Green Mountains">Green Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Mansfield" title="Mount Mansfield">Mount Mansfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeast_Kingdom" title="Northeast Kingdom">Northeast Kingdom</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vermont_state_seal.svg/100px-Vermont_state_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vermont_state_seal.svg/150px-Vermont_state_seal.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vermont_state_seal.svg/200px-Vermont_state_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="286" /><div><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seal_of_Vermont" title="Seal of Vermont">Seal of Vermont</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Vermont" title="List of counties in Vermont">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Addison_County,_Vermont" title="Addison County, Vermont">Addison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennington_County,_Vermont" title="Bennington County, Vermont">Bennington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caledonia_County,_Vermont" title="Caledonia County, Vermont">Caledonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chittenden_County,_Vermont" title="Chittenden County, Vermont">Chittenden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex_County,_Vermont" title="Essex County, Vermont">Essex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_County,_Vermont" title="Franklin County, Vermont">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Isle_County,_Vermont" title="Grand Isle County, Vermont">Grand Isle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lamoille_County,_Vermont" title="Lamoille County, Vermont">Lamoille</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orange_County,_Vermont" title="Orange County, Vermont">Orange</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orleans_County,_Vermont" title="Orleans County, Vermont">Orleans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rutland_County,_Vermont" title="Rutland County, Vermont">Rutland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Washington County, Vermont">Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windham_County,_Vermont" title="Windham County, Vermont">Windham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windsor_County,_Vermont" title="Windsor County, Vermont">Windsor</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vermont" title="List of cities in Vermont">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre_(city),_Vermont" title="Barre (city), Vermont">Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont_metropolitan_area" title="Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newport_(city),_Vermont" title="Newport (city), Vermont">Newport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rutland_(city),_Vermont" title="Rutland (city), Vermont">Rutland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Albans_(city),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (city), Vermont">St. Albans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Burlington,_Vermont" title="South Burlington, Vermont">South Burlington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vergennes,_Vermont" title="Vergennes, Vermont">Vergennes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winooski,_Vermont" title="Winooski, Vermont">Winooski</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Vermont" title="List of towns in Vermont">Towns</a><br />
(pop. >5000)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barre_(town),_Vermont" title="Barre (town), Vermont">Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennington,_Vermont" title="Bennington, Vermont">Bennington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brattleboro,_Vermont" title="Brattleboro, Vermont">Brattleboro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colchester,_Vermont" title="Colchester, Vermont">Colchester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex,_Vermont" title="Essex, Vermont">Essex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartford,_Vermont" title="Hartford, Vermont">Hartford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon,_Vermont" title="Lyndon, Vermont">Lyndon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jericho,_Vermont" title="Jericho, Vermont">Jericho</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middlebury,_Vermont" title="Middlebury, Vermont">Middlebury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milton,_Vermont" title="Milton, Vermont">Milton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morristown,_Vermont" title="Morristown, Vermont">Morristown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northfield,_Vermont" title="Northfield, Vermont">Northfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rockingham,_Vermont" title="Rockingham, Vermont">Rockingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rutland_(town),_Vermont" title="Rutland (town), Vermont">Rutland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelburne,_Vermont" title="Shelburne, Vermont">Shelburne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Vermont" title="Springfield, Vermont">Springfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Johnsbury,_Vermont" title="St. Johnsbury, Vermont">St. Johnsbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swanton_(town),_Vermont" title="Swanton (town), Vermont">Swanton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury,_Vermont" title="Waterbury, Vermont">Waterbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williston,_Vermont" title="Williston, Vermont">Williston</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_State_Fair" title="Vermont State Fair">Vermont State Fair</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Mountain_Film_Festival" title="Green Mountain Film Festival">Green Mountain Film Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strolling_of_the_Heifers" title="Strolling of the Heifers">Strolling of the Heifers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Vermont" title="United States congressional delegations from Vermont">Delegations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_of_Vermont" title="Constitution of Vermont">Constitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vermont" title="Climate change in Vermont">Climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Vermont" title="Government of Vermont">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Vermont" title="History of Vermont">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains in Vermont">Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Vermont" title="List of people from Vermont">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Vermont" title="List of tallest buildings in Vermont">Tallest buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Village_(Vermont)" title="Village (Vermont)">Villages</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Vermont" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Vermont">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Vermont_culture" title="Category:Vermont culture">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Vermont" title="Crime in Vermont">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont#Demographics" title="Vermont">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont#Economy" title="Vermont">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont#Education" title="Vermont">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Vermont" title="Politics of Vermont">Politics</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:New_England" title="Template:New England"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:New_England" title="Template talk:New England"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:New_England&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_in_New_England" title="Autumn in New England">Autumn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_of_New_England" title="Climate of New England">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_New_England" title="Culture of New England">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_New_England" title="Demographics of New England">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_New_England" title="Economy of New England">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elections_in_New_England" title="Elections in New England">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England#Geography" title="New England">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology_of_New_England" title="Geology of New England">Geology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_New_England" title="History of New England">History</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prehistory_of_New_England" title="Prehistory of New England">Prehistory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Literature_of_New_England" title="Literature of New England">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Native_American_origin_in_New_England" title="List of place names of Native American origin in New England">Place names of Native-American origin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_New_England" title="Politics of New England">Politics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sports_in_New_England" title="Sports in New England">Sports</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_by_population_in_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by population in New England">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transportation_in_New_England" title="Transportation in New England">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Passenger rail</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">MBTA</a> (MA, RI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> (CT, MA, RI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acela" title="Acela">Acela</a> (CT, MA, RI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downeaster_(train)" title="Downeaster (train)">Downeaster</a> (ME, NH, MA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermonter_(train)" title="Vermonter (train)">Vermonter</a> (CT, MA, NH, VT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shore_Line_East" title="Shore Line East">Shore Line East</a> (CT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North</a> (CT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartford_Line" title="Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a> (CT, MA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_New_England_Corridor" title="Northern New England Corridor">High-speed Northern New England</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(proposed)</i></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Major <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstates</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_84_(east)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 84 (east)">I-84</a> (CT, MA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89">I-89</a> (NH, VT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 90 in Massachusetts">I-90 (Mass Pike)</a> (MA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_91" title="Interstate 91">I-91</a> (CT, MA, VT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">I-93</a> (MA, NH, VT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> (CT, RI, MA, NH, ME)</li>
<li><i>defunct:</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_road_marking_system" title="New England road marking system">New England road marking system</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Airports</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bradley_International_Airport" title="Bradley International Airport">Bradley</a> (CT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington_International_Airport" title="Burlington International Airport">Burlington</a> (VT)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/T._F._Green_Airport" title="T. F. Green Airport">T. F. Green</a> (RI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester%E2%80%93Boston_Regional_Airport" title="Manchester–Boston Regional Airport">Manchester–Boston</a> (NH)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan</a> (MA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portland_International_Jetport" title="Portland International Jetport">Portland</a> (ME)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:New_England" title="Category:New England">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="Portal" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:New_England" title="Portal:New England">Portal</a></li>
<li><img alt="Commons page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:New England">Commons</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_capitals" title="Template talk:US state capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:US_state_capitals&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 12em; -webkit-column-width: 12em; column-width: 12em;">
<p><b>Nation:</b>
</p>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul>
<p><b>States:</b>
</p>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Territories:</b>
</p>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pago_Pago" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saipan" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a></b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeastern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Northeast_US" title="Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_US" title="Template talk:Northeast US"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Northeast_US&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeastern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Culture" title="Northeastern United States">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Geography" title="Northeastern United States">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Elections" title="Northeastern United States">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#History" title="Northeastern United States">History</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montpelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26426#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26426#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26426#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BNF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BNF (identifier)">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047711j">cb12047711j</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047711j">(data)</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5030738-1">5030738-1</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80026750">n80026750</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MBAREA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6798a028-d224-4e81-aa76-96a05a6c8028">6798a028-d224-4e81-aa76-96a05a6c8028</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NARA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA (identifier)">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045956">10045956</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/136036843">136036843</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities (identifier)">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80026750">lccn-n80026750</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1605708252 |