Examine individual changes

'{{Donald Trump series}} '''[[Donald Trump]]''', the current [[President of the United States]], has elicited polarized public perceptions regarding his personality and background. ==Personal image== ===Temperament=== Trump's temperament was widely discussed during [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|his 2016 presidential campaign]]. A ''New York Times''/CBS poll found that most voters thought he lacked "the right temperament and values" for president, and ''[[The New York Times]]'' further opined that "Mr. Trump’s temperament stands out as potentially his most damaging vulnerability, as his penchant for insults and provocations often undercuts his political message."<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/16/us/politics/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-poll.html|title= Voters’ View of a Donald Trump Presidency: Big Risks and Rewards|newspaper= New York Times|author1= Patrick Healy|author2= Dalia Sussman|date= September 15, 2016|accessdate= January 24, 2017}}</ref> During the first [[United States presidential debates, 2016|presidential debate]] Trump countered by saying, "I think my strongest asset by far is my temperament. I have a winning temperament." Some of the audience responded with laughter.<ref> {{Cite web |url= http://heavy.com/news/2016/09/donald-trump-presidential-debate-audience-laugh-laughs-at-has-good-best-temperament-hillary-clinton/ |title= WATCH: Donald Trump Laughed at by Debate Audience for Temperament Claim |website= heavy.com|author= Brendan Morrow|date= September 26, 2016 |accessdate= February 5, 2017 }} </ref> === Hair === {{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture#Hair}} [[File:Donald Trump, New Hampshire, August 2015 by Michael Vadon (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Trump's appearance, 2015]] Trump's hairstyle has been mentioned frequently by the media. His hairstyle has been described as a [[comb-over]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mitgang|first1=Caroline|title=A hairdresser explains why Donald Trump's hair looks like that|url=https://qz.com/575952/a-hairdresser-explains-why-donald-trumps-hair-looks-like-that/|accessdate=February 14, 2017|work=Quartz|date=December 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217170106/https://qz.com/575952/a-hairdresser-explains-why-donald-trumps-hair-looks-like-that/|archive-date=December 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' wrote that Trump is "known for his gaudy casinos and unusual mane of copper hair."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-0403300235mar30-story.html|title=Trump's trademark plan is under fire|date=March 30, 2004|accessdate=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022021903/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-0403300235mar30-story.html|archive-date=October 22, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> During a 2011 interview with ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', Trump said, "I get a lot of credit for comb-overs. But it's not really a comb-over. It's sort of a little bit forward and back. I've combed it the same way for years. Same thing, every time."<ref name="Hair Down">{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/donald-trump-lets-his-hair-down-20110511|title=Donald Trump Lets His Hair Down|date=May 11, 2011|accessdate=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021125502/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/donald-trump-lets-his-hair-down-20110511|archive-date=October 21, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In various [[late-night talk show]]s and interviews, Trump's hair has humorously been suggested to be a wig, so he has let the interviewers touch his hair<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/09/donald-trump-jimmy-fallon-the-tonight-show|title=Fallon Ruffles Trump's Hair to Cap Off the Candidate's Breezy TV Week|first=Laura|last=Bradley|date=September 16, 2016|work=Vanity Fair|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728210424/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/09/donald-trump-jimmy-fallon-the-tonight-show|archive-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> to verify its authenticity.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0402/27/lkl.00.html|title=Interview With "The Apprentice" Host Donald Trump|date=February 27, 2004|accessdate=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818122953/http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0402/27/lkl.00.html|archive-date=August 18, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2016, Jimmy Fallon invited Donald Trump to be a guest on ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon''. Trump was asked by Fallon if he could mess up his hair. Trump agreed to the offer and allowed Fallon to mess his hair. Following the hair incident, Fallon was accused by critics that he was humanizing Trump after Trump had pressed more on the Zero-tolerance immigration policy under the Trump administration.<ref>{{cite news|last=Flynn|first=Meagan|title='He seriously messed up my hair': Trump, Jimmy Fallon in hair-tousling sequel|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/06/25/he-seriously-messed-up-my-hair-trump-jimmy-fallon-in-hair-tussling-sequel/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 25, 2018|accessdate=January 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064242/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/06/25/he-seriously-messed-up-my-hair-trump-jimmy-fallon-in-hair-tussling-sequel/|archive-date=January 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2018, a video shot of Trump boarding [[Air Force One]] against a gust of wind clearly showed the comb-over. The video went viral and was critiqued on the internet.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/donald-trump-s-marilyn-monroe-moment-hair-raising-video-goes-viral-1.3384720|title=Donald Trump's Marilyn Monroe moment? Hair-raising video goes viral|newspaper=Irish Times|date=February 8, 2018|accessdate=February 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/07/donald-trump-hair-wind|title=Hair-raising moment: blustery wind lifts lid on mystery of Donald Trump's mane|newspaper=The Guardian|date=February 7, 2018|accessdate=February 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208005345/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/07/donald-trump-hair-wind|archive-date=February 8, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Michael Wolff (journalist)|Michael Wolff]]'s 2018 book ''[[Fire and Fury]]'', Trump's daughter [[Ivanka Trump]] allegedly described the mechanics of her father's hair as "an absolutely clean pate — a contained island after scalp-reduction surgery — surrounded by a furry circle of hair around the sides and front, from which all ends are drawn up to meet in the center and then swept back and secured by a stiffening spray," and the color as "[coming] from a product called [[Just for Men|Just For Men]] — the longer it was left on, the darker it got. Impatience resulted in Trump's orange-blond hair color."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fire and Fury|last=Wolff|first=Michael|publisher=Henry Holt and Co|year=2018|isbn=978-1250158062|location=United States}}</ref>{{Better source|date=March 2019}} ===Skin color=== {{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture#Skin color}} Comedians and critics of Donald Trump, as well as the media have often remarked on the color of his skin, considering it unusually orange. Comedian [[Alec Baldwin]], who played a satirized version of Donald Trump on [[Saturday Night Live (season 45)|Saturday Night Live]], described Trump's look as somewhere between "Mark Rothko orange" and a "slightly paler Orange Crush",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Kevin|title=Trump Reportedly Does All His Own Makeup|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/02/trump-does-his-own-makeup|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=Vanity Fair|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412055257/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/02/trump-does-his-own-makeup|archive-date=April 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while in 2013, the American comedian [[Bill Maher]] offered to pay $5 million to a charity if Donald Trump would produce his birth certificate to prove that Trump's mother had not mated with an orangutan - apparently a reference to Trump's orange hue as well as a response to Trump's previous demands that President [[Barack Obama]] produce his birth certificate and other records to disprove [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|conspiracy theories that Obama was born in Kenya]]. Trump would go on to file a lawsuit against Maher, claiming the comedian owed the promised $5 million.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allen|first=Frederick E.|title=Donald Trump Sues Bill Maher for Calling Him the Son of an Orangutan|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/frederickallen/2013/02/06/donald-trump-sues-bill-maher-for-calling-him-the-son-of-an-orangutan/|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064410/https://www.forbes.com/sites/frederickallen/2013/02/06/donald-trump-sues-bill-maher-for-calling-him-the-son-of-an-orangutan/|archive-date=January 25, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The phrase "Orange man bad" became a popular expression among Trump's supporters who used it to mock his critics, during his first election campaign and subsequent presidency.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2020|title=Actually, the Orange Man Is Bad|url=https://thebulwark.com/actually-the-orange-man-is-bad/|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=The Bulwark|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601000816/https://thebulwark.com/actually-the-orange-man-is-bad/|archive-date=June 1, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, Barack Obama, Trump's African-American predecessor as president, appeared on the ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon|Tonight Show]]'' with [[Jimmy Fallon]], and joked that "Orange is not the new black" (referencing the popular show ''[[Orange Is the New Black]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 10, 2016|title=On 'Tonight Show' President Obama notes 'orange is not the new black'|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/06/10/on-tonight-show-president-obama-notes-orange-is-not-the-new-black/|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=The Mercury News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715152056/https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/06/10/on-tonight-show-president-obama-notes-orange-is-not-the-new-black/|archive-date=July 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump has rarely referenced his orange hue without being prompted to. However, in 2019, in an address to Republican legislators, he said: <blockquote>"The lightbulb. People said: what's with the lightbulb? I said: here's the story. And I looked at it. The bulb that we're being forced to use! Number one, to me, most importantly, the light's no good. I always look orange. And so do you! The light is the worst." </blockquote>Trump then added that the [[Compact fluorescent lamp|energy-efficient bulb]] was many times more expensive than the [[incandescent light bulb]], but was of poorer quality. "What are we doing? It's considered hazardous waste, but it's many times more expensive and frankly the light is not as good. [...] People are very happy about it. It's amazing."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Helmore|first=Edward|date=September 13, 2019|title=Trump explains his distinctive orange hue: it's the lightbulbs|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/13/trump-orange-skin-hue-lightbulbs-energy-efficient|access-date=July 15, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606195721/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/13/trump-orange-skin-hue-lightbulbs-energy-efficient|archive-date=June 6, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2020, an unverified Twitter account called "White House Photos" posted a photograph of the President, in which Trump's face bore a notable tan line; the image depicted the stark contrast between Trump's seemingly orange facial features and the paler skin around the side of his face, and the photograph received widespread attention in the media and on the internet, even inspiring a sketch on ''Saturday Night Live''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wagtendonk|first=Anya van|date=February 8, 2020|title=The viral tan line photo of Trump's face, briefly explained|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/2/8/21129275/trump-tan-line-face-photo|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=Vox|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615101931/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/2/8/21129275/trump-tan-line-face-photo|archive-date=June 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Oh|first=Inae|title=SNL mocks Trump's very bad, orange tan line|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/02/snl-mocks-trumps-very-bad-orange-tan-line/|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=Mother Jones|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305142720/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/02/snl-mocks-trumps-very-bad-orange-tan-line/|archive-date=March 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump himself said the image had been [[Photo manipulation|photoshopped]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dzhanova|first=Yelena|date=February 8, 2020|title=Trump blasts photo showing his 'tan' line as photoshopped — and then asks if his hair looks good|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/08/trump-blasts-photo-showing-tan-line-as-photoshopped.html|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150122/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/08/trump-blasts-photo-showing-tan-line-as-photoshopped.html|archive-date=February 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==As businessman== {{Main|Bibliography of Donald Trump}} Trump has written up to 19 books on business, financial, or political topics, though he has employed ghostwriters to actually write them.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-books-tweet-ghostwriter-tim-o-brien-tony-schwartz-writer-response-a8431271.html |title=Trump boasted about writing many books - his ghostwriter says otherwise |work=[[The Independent]] |first=Andrew |last=Buncombe |date=July 18, 2016 |accessdate=October 11, 2020}}</ref> Trump's first book, ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' (1987), was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller]]. According to ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." == Approval ratings == {{Further|Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration}} At the end of Trump's second year, his two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785 |title=Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II |first=Jessica |last=Kwong |date=January 16, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=January 25, 2019}}</ref> In January 2020, his Gallup rating reached 49%,<ref>{{cite news |last=Samuels |first=Brett |date=February 24, 2020 |title=Trump hits highest Gallup approval rating of his presidency |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/481360-trump-hits-highest-gallup-approval-rating-of-his-presidency |accessdate=March 3, 2020}}</ref> the highest point since he took office, with 63% of those polled approving his handling of the economy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummings |first=William |date=February 13, 2020 |title=Six in 10 Americans say they feel better off after first 3 years of Trump, poll says |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/02/13/gallup-poll-says-6-10-americans-feel-better-off-3-years-after-trump/4747228002/ |access-date=October 17, 2020 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> His approval and disapproval ratings have been unusually stable.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 21, 2018 |title=Trump Approval More Stable Than Approval for Prior Presidents |url=https://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/245567/trump-approval-stable-approval-prior-presidents.aspx |access-date=January 17, 2020 |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/trumps-approval-rating-is-incredibly-steady-is-that-weird-or-the-new-normal/ |title=Trump's Approval Rating Is Incredibly Steady. Is That Weird Or The New Normal? |last=Skelley |first=Geoffrey |date=March 28, 2019 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |accessdate=March 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/presidential-approval-poll-tracker-n1102776 |title=Trump's approval rating steady despite impeachment: NBC News/Wall Street Journal polls |date=December 17, 2019 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=March 3, 2020}}</ref> In [[Gallup's most admired man and woman poll|Gallup's end-of-year poll]] asking Americans to name the man they admire the most, Trump placed second to Obama in 2017 and 2018, and tied with Obama for most admired man in 2019.<ref name="gallup1678">{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx |title=Most Admired Man and Woman |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref> Since Gallup started conducting the poll in 1948,<ref name="tie"/> Trump is the first elected president not to be named most admired in his first year in office.<ref name="tie">{{cite news |last=Panetta |first=Grace |work=[[Business Insider]] |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-barack-obama-tie-2019-most-admired-man-gallup-2019-12 |title=Donald Trump and Barack Obama are tied for 2019's most admired man in the US |date=December 30, 2019 |access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref> Globally, a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll on 134 countries comparing the approval ratings of U.S. leadership between the years 2016 and 2017 found that only in 29 of them did Trump lead Obama in job approval,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Datta |first=Monti |title=3 countries where Trump is popular |url=http://theconversation.com/3-countries-where-trump-is-popular-120317 |access-date=October 15, 2020 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref> with more international respondents disapproving rather than approving of the Trump administration. Overall ratings were similar to those in the last two years of the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|George W. Bush presidency]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018 |title=Rating World Leaders: 2016-2017 The U.S. vs. Germany, China and Russia (page 9)|url=https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000161-0647-da3c-a371-867f6acc0001 |publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |via=[[Politico]]}}</ref> == Social media == {{Main|Donald Trump on social media}} Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined [[Twitter]] in March 2009. He frequently tweeted during the 2016 election campaign and has continued to do so as president. As of October 2020, Trump has more than 85&nbsp;million Twitter followers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 50 Twitter users sorted by Followers |url=https://socialblade.com/twitter/top/50 |work=[[Social Blade]] |accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> By the end of May 2020, Trump had written about 52,000 tweets.<ref name="BBCTweets">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52815552 |title=Twitter tags Trump tweet with fact-checking warning |date=May 27, 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=June 14, 2020}}</ref> These include 22,115 tweets over seven years before his presidential candidacy, 8,159 tweets during the {{frac|1|1|2}} years of his candidacy and transition period, and 14,186 tweets over the first three years of his presidency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trumptwitterarchive.com/archive |title=Search |website=Trump Twitter Archive |access-date=June 14, 2020}}</ref> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<ref name="federalist-sidelining">{{cite news |url=https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/ |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Use Is Key To Sidelining The Press |first=Dustin |last=Steeve |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> A White House press secretary said early in his presidency that Trump's tweets are official statements by the president of the United States,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/trump-tweets-official-statements/index.html |title=Spicer: Tweets are Trump's official statements |first=Elizabeth |last=Landers |date=June 6, 2017 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> employed for announcing policy or personnel changes. Trump used Twitter to fire Secretary of State Rex Tillerson in March 2018<ref>{{cite news |last=Singletary |first=Michelle |title=Trump dumped Secretary of State Rex Tillerson in a tweet. What's the worst way you've been fired? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/03/15/trump-dumped-secretary-of-state-rex-tillerson-in-a-tweet-whats-the-worst-way-youve-been-fired/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 15, 2018 |accessdate=March 18, 2018}}</ref> and Secretary of Defense Mark Esper in November 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gaouette |first1=Nicole |last2=Starr |first2=Barbara |last3=Browne |first3=Ryan |last4=Klein |first4=Betsy |title=Trump fires Secretary of Defense Mark Esper |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/09/politics/trump-fires-esper/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |date=November 9, 2020 |accessdate=November 9, 2020}}</ref> Many of Trump's tweets contain false assertions.<ref name="NYT-20170427">{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Linda |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WP-20170501">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Lee |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |title=Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CT-20170624">{{cite news |last1=Drinkard |first1=Jim |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |title=Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> In May 2020, Twitter began tagging some Trump tweets with fact-checking warnings<ref name="BBCTweets"/><ref name="Twitter refutes">{{cite news |last1=Conger |first1=Kate |last2=Alba |first2=Davey |author2link=Davey Alba |title=Twitter Refutes Inaccuracies in Trump's Tweets About Mail-In Voting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/technology/twitter-trump-mail-in-ballots.html |accessdate=July 7, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2020}}</ref><ref name="first label">{{cite news |last=Dwoskin |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/26/trump-twitter-label-fact-check/ |title=Twitter labels Trump's tweets with a fact check for the first time |date=May 27, 2020|access-date=July 7, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> and labels for violations of Twitter rules.<ref name="second label">{{cite news |last=Dwoskin |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/29/inside-twitter-trump-label/ |title=Twitter's decision to label Trump's tweets was two years in the making |date=May 30, 2020|access-date=July 7, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Trump responded by threatening to "strongly regulate" or "close down" social media platforms.<ref name="BBCTweets"/><ref name="lashing out">{{cite news |last=Dwoskin |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/27/trump-twitter-label/ |title=Trump lashes out at social media companies after Twitter labels tweets with fact checks |date=June 14, 2020|access-date=May 28, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> == False statements == {{Main|Veracity of statements by Donald Trump}} [[File:2017- Donald Trump veracity - composite graph.png|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Fact-checkers]] from ''The Washington Post'',<ref name=Kessler.FMC/> the ''Toronto Star'',<ref name=TorontoStar_20190605>{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=June 5, 2019}}</ref> and CNN<ref name=Dale_20200309>{{cite news |last1=Dale |first1=Daniel |title=Trump is averaging about 59 false claims per week since ... July 8, 2019. |url=https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1237083913496989702 |date=March 9, 2020}} ([https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ESsA5nTXYAA562e?format=png direct link to chart image])</ref> compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background), and "false claims" (violet foreground), respectively.]] As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<ref name="NYT-20170427"/><ref name="WP-20170501"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}</ref> The misinformation has been documented by [[fact-checker]]s; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<ref name=unprecedenteduntruths> * {{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475 |quote=It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.}} * {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2017 |first=Sheryl Gay |last=Stolberg |authorlink=Sheryl Gay Stolberg |title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication. |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html |quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer [[Hannah Arendt]] once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ |title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2018 |accessdate=February 20, 2019 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |quote='When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian [[Michael R. Beschloss]] said of Trump in 2018.}} * {{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 6, 2017 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |title=There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself' |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html |quote=White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations{{snd}}on matters large and wincingly small{{snd}}place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&amp;M's [[George C. Edwards III|George Edwards]] put it.}} * {{cite news |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=December 22, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |quote='We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said [[Douglas Brinkley]], the prominent Rice University presidential historian.}} * {{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2018 |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |title=President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html |quote=We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth&nbsp;... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.}} * {{cite web |website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] |date=2017 |first=Heidi Taksdal |last=Skjeseth |title=All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf |quote=...{{nbsp}}a president who is delivering untruths on an unprecedented scale. Mr Trump did this both while running for president, and he has continued to do so in office. There is no precedent for this amount of untruths in the U.S.}} * {{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=Donnel |title=Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference |journal=Psychoanalytic Dialogues |date=May 9, 2019 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996 |s2cid=164971149 |quote=Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has [[poisoned the well]] [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.}} * {{cite news |last1=Grosz |first1=Stephen |title=The real reason Donald Trump lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e |website=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=January 9, 2019 |quote=We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era.}}</ref><ref name=Glasser-180803>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first=Susan |last=Glasser |authorlink=Susan Glasser}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova>{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |authorlink=Maria Konnikova |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |website=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> This behavior was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Finnegan |first1=Michael |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.}}</ref><ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<ref name=Glasser-180803/> Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="NYT-20170427"/> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |author2link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref> By the ''Post''{{'}}s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<ref name=Kessler-190429>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/ |title=President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=April 29, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly}}</ref> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days |date=November 2, 2018 |accessdate=November 2, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 13, 2018 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}</ref> The ''Post''{{'}}s reported tally is 22,247 as of August&nbsp;27, 2020,<ref name=Kessler.FMC>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 22, 2020 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=Trump is averaging more than 50 false or misleading claims a day |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/22/president-trump-is-averaging-more-than-50-false-or-misleading-claims-day/}}</ref> with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 20, 2020 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump made 16,241 false or misleading claims in his first three years |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/20/president-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years/}}</ref> Some of Trump's falsehoods are inconsequential, such as his claims of a large crowd size during his inauguration.<ref name="PolitiFact_1/21/2017">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump had biggest inaugural crowd ever? Metrics don't show it |publisher=[[PolitiFact]] |date=January 21, 2017 |first=Linda |last=Qiu |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/jan/21/sean-spicer/trump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don/ |access-date=March 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205200625/http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/jan/21/sean-spicer/trump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don/ |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rein_3/6/2017">{{cite news |last=Rein |first=Lisa |title=Here are the photos that show Obama's inauguration crowd was bigger than Trump's |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 6, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/ |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref> Others have had more far-reaching effects, such as Trump's promotion of unproven antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID‑19 in a press conference and on Twitter in March 2020.<ref name=20200319washingtonpost>{{cite news |last=Nisen |first=Max |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/trump-is-overhyping-unproven-coronavirus-drugs/2020/03/19/ed1ff4e2-6a1a-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html |title=Trump Is Overhyping Unproven Coronavirus Drugs |date=March 19, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref><ref name="M.Spring">{{cite news |last=Spring |first=Marianna |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-52731624 |title=Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation |date=May 27, 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> The claims had consequences worldwide, such as a shortage of these drugs in the United States and [[panic-buying]] in Africa and South Asia.<ref name=20200323washingtonpost>{{cite news |last=Rowland |first=Christopher |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/20/hospitals-doctors-are-wiping-out-supplies-an-unproven-coronavirus-treatment/ |title=As Trump touts an unproven coronavirus treatment, supplies evaporate for patients who need those drugs |date=March 23, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref><ref name=wsj1158498189>{{cite news |last1=Parkinson |first1=Joe |last2=Gauthier-Villars |first2=David |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-claim-that-malaria-drugs-treat-coronavirus-sparks-warnings-shortages-11584981897 |title=Trump Claim That Malaria Drugs Treat Coronavirus Sparks Warnings, Shortages |date=March 23, 2020 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=March 26, 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The state of [[Florida]] obtained nearly a million doses for its hospitals, even though most of them did not want the drug.<ref name="Atterbury-Dixon">{{cite news |last1=Atterbury |first1=Andrew |last2=Dixon |first2=Matt |url=https://www.politico.com/states/florida/story/2020/06/11/florida-ordered-1-million-doses-of-a-trump-touted-drug-hospitals-didnt-want-it-1292638 |title=Florida ordered 1M doses of a Trump-touted drug. Hospitals didn't want it |date=June 11, 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> Other misinformation, such as Trump's retweet of unverified videos of a far-right British nationalist group in November 2017, serves Trump's domestic political purposes.<ref name="AZurcher">{{cite news |last=Zurcher |first=Anthony |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42171550 |title=Trump's anti-Muslim retweet fits a pattern |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> As a matter of principle, Trump does not apologize for his falsehoods.<ref name="JAllen">{{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/does-being-president-trump-still-mean-never-having-say-you-n952841 |title=Does being President Trump still mean never having to say you're sorry? |date=December 31, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=June 14, 2020}}</ref> Despite the frequency of Trump's falsehoods, the media rarely referred to them as "lies",<ref name="DGreenberg">{{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=David |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/the-perils-of-calling-trump-a-liar-214704 |title=The Perils of Calling Trump a Liar |date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref><ref name="DBouder">{{cite news |last=Bouder |first=David |url=https://apnews.com/88675d3fdd674c7c9ec70f170f6e4a1a/News-media-hesitate-to-use-'lie'-for-Trump's-misstatements |title=News media hesitate to use 'lie' for Trump's misstatements |date=August 29, 2018 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> a word that has in the past been avoided out of respect for the presidential office.<ref name="DGreenberg"/><ref name="DBouder"/> Nevertheless, in August 2018 ''The Washington Post'' declared for the first time that some of Trump's misstatements (statements concerning hush money paid to [[Stormy Daniels]] and ''Playboy'' model [[Karen McDougal]]) were lies.<ref name="GKessler">{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/08/23/not-just-misleading-not-merely-false-lie/ |title=Not just misleading. Not merely false. A lie. |date=August 23, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref><ref name="DBouder"/> In 2020, Trump was a significant source of disinformation on national voting practices and the COVID-19 virus.<ref name="Politico-Mail"/> <ref name="NYT-MailFraud"/><ref name="USAT-Disinfo">{{cite news |last=Guynn |first=Jessica |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/10/05/trump-covid-19-coronavirus-disinformation-facebook-twitter-election/3632194001/ |title=From COVID-19 to voting: Trump is nation's single largest spreader of disinformation, studies say |date=October 5, 2020 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=October 7, 2020}}</ref> Trump's attacks on mail-in ballots and other election practices served to weaken public faith in the integrity of the 2020 presidential election,<ref name="Politico-Rigged"/><ref name="AP-Elections">{{cite news |last=Riccardi |first=Nicholas |url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-election-2020-ap-fact-check-elections-voting-fraud-and-irregularities-8c5db90960815f91f39fe115579570b4 |title=AP FACT CHECK: Trump's big distortions on mail-in voting |date=September 17, 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=October 7, 2020}}</ref> while his disinformation about the pandemic dangerously delayed and weakened the national response to it.<ref name="USAT-Disinfo"/><ref name="NYT 4 11 20"/><ref name="Time-BeatIt">{{cite news |last1=Bergengruen |first1=Vera |last2=Hennigan |first2=W.J. |url=https://time.com/5896709/trump-covid-campaign/ |title='You're Gonna Beat It.' How Donald Trump's COVID-19 Battle Has Only Fueled Misinformation |date=October 6, 2020 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=October 7, 2020}}</ref> Some view the nature and frequency of Trump's falsehoods as having profound and corrosive consequences on democracy.<ref name="MTomasky">{{cite news |last=Tomasky |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Tomasky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/opinion/trump-lies.html |title=Why Does Trump Lie? |date=June 11, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> James Pfiffner, professor of policy and government at George Mason University, wrote in 2019 that Trump lies differently from previous presidents, because he offers "egregious false statements that are demonstrably contrary to well-known facts"; these lies are the "most important" of all Trump lies. By calling facts into question, people will be unable to properly evaluate their government, with beliefs or policy irrationally settled by "political power"; this erodes [[liberal democracy]], wrote Pfiffner.<ref name="Pfiffner">{{cite book |last=Pfiffner |first=James P. |editor-last1=Lamb |editor-first1=Charles M. |editor-last2=Neiheisel |editor-first2=Jacob R. |title=Presidential Leadership and the Trump Presidency: Executive Power and Democratic Government |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=2019 |pages=17–40 |chapter=The Lies of Donald Trump: A Taxonomy |url=https://pfiffner.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pfiffner-The-Lies-of-Donald-Trump-A-Taxonomy.pdf |isbn=978-3-030-18979-2}}</ref> === Promotion of conspiracy theories === Before and throughout his presidency, Trump has [[List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump|promoted numerous conspiracy theories]], including "[[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|birtherism]]", the [[Clinton Body Count]] theory, [[QAnon]] and [[Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal|alleged Ukrainian interference in U.S. elections]].<ref> * {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/01/us/politics/donald-trump-conspiracy-theories.html |title=Even as He Rises, Donald Trump Entertains Conspiracy Theories |first=Maggie |last=Haberman |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=February 29, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/11/26/president-trump-loves-conspiracy-theories-has-he-ever-been-right/ |title=President Trump loves conspiracy theories. Has he ever been right? |first=Philip |last=Bump |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 26, 2019}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/02/politics/trump-conspiracy-theorists-qanon/index.html |title=The Conspiracy-Theorist-in-Chief clears the way for fringe candidates to become mainstream |first=Maeve |last=Reston |website=[[CNN]] |date=July 2, 2020}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/politics/klausutis-letter-jack-dorsey.html |title=Trump Pushes a Conspiracy Theory That Falsely Accuses a TV Host of Murder |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |first2=Maggie |last2=Astor |date=May 26, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]]}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/28/us/politics/trump-conspiracy-theories-spygate.html |title=With 'Spygate,' Trump Shows How He Uses Conspiracy Theories to Erode Trust |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=May 28, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]]}} </ref> In October 2020, Trump retweeted a QAnon follower who asserted that [[Osama bin Laden]] was still alive, a [[body double]] had been killed in his place and "Biden and Obama may have had [[Seal Team 6]] killed."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/15/politics/donald-trump-osama-bin-laden-conspiracy-theory-fact-check/index.html |title=Fact-checking the dangerous bin Laden conspiracy theory that Trump touted |first1=Tara |last1=Subramaniam |first2=Holmes |last2=Lybrand |website=[[CNN]] |date=October 15, 2020}}</ref> == Relationship with the press == {{Further|Presidency of Donald Trump#Relationship with the news media}} [[File:President Trump's First 100 Days- 45 (33573172373).jpg|thumb|Trump talking to the press, March 2017]] Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention, with a "love-hate" relationship with the press.<ref name=Parnes>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with the press |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Parnes |first=Amy}}</ref><ref name=Ingram-160301>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/ |title=Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Ingram |first=Mathew}}</ref><ref name=AN-170124>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies |website=[[Arab News]] |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |first=Ben |last=Flanagan}}</ref> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<ref name=Dantonio-160710>{{cite interview |title=Who is Donald Trump? |date=July 10, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html}}</ref> Fox News anchor [[Bret Baier]] and former House speaker [[Paul Ryan]] have characterized Trump as a "[[internet troll|troll]]" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/ |title=Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself |work=[[Mediaite]] |date=July 24, 2018 |first=Josh |last=Feldman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html |title=This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends |first=Mark |last=Leibovich |authorlink=Mark Leibovich |date=August 7, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In the 2016 campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614/> ''New York Times'' writer [[Amy Chozick]] wrote in 2018 that Trump's media dominance, which enthralls the public and creates "can't miss" [[reality television]]-type coverage, was politically beneficial for him.<ref name="ChozickNYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html |title=Why Trump Will Win a Second Term |last=Chozick |first=Amy |authorlink=Amy Chozick |date=September 29, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has accused the press of bias, calling it the "fake news media" and "the [[enemy of the people]]".<ref name=Walsh-160724 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bondarenko |first=Veronika |title=Trump keeps saying 'enemy of the people' – but the phrase has a very ugly history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-president-trumps-phrase-an-enemy-of-the-people-2017-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> After winning the election, journalist [[Lesley Stahl]] recounted Trump's saying he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you."<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |title='60 Minutes' correspondent: Trump said he attacks the press so no one believes negative coverage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 23, 2018}}</ref> Trump has privately and publicly mused about revoking the press credentials of journalists he views as critical.<ref name=":17">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html |title=Trump's latest shot at the press corps: 'Take away credentials?' |first1=Brian |last1=Stelter |author1link=Brian Stelter |first2=Kaitlan |last2=Collins |author2link=Kaitlan Collins |website=[[CNN Money]] |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/20/as-a-foreign-reporter-visiting-the-us-i-was-stunned-by-trumps-press-conference |title=As a foreign reporter visiting the US I was stunned by Trump's press conference |last=Taylor |first=Lenore |authorlink=Lenore Taylor |date=September 20, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The Trump White House held about a hundred formal press briefings in 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two in 2019.<ref name="auto2"/> Trump has employed the legal system as an intimidation tactic against the press.<ref name="Atlantic_Press">{{cite news |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=March 11, 2020 |first1=Joshua A.|last1=Geltzer |first2=Neal K.|last2=Katyal |title=The True Danger of the Trump Campaign's Defamation Lawsuits |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/true-danger-trump-campaigns-libel-lawsuits/607753/|access-date=October 1, 2020}}</ref> In early 2020, the Trump campaign sued ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', and CNN for alleged defamation.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[NPR]] |date=March 3, 2020 |first=David |last=Folkenflik |authorlink=David Folkenflik |title=Trump 2020 Sues 'Washington Post,' Days After 'N.Y. Times' Defamation Suit |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/03/811735554/trump-2020-sues-washington-post-days-after-ny-times-defamation-suit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Fox News]] |date=March 6, 2020 |first1=Brian |last1=Flood |first2=Brooke |last2=Singman |title=Trump campaign sues CNN over 'false and defamatory' statements, seeks millions in damages |url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/trump-campaign-sues-cnn-false-defamatory-statements-millions-damages.amp}}</ref> These lawsuits lacked merit and were not likely to succeed, however.<ref name="Atlantic_Press"/><ref name="TheHill_Press">{{cite news |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=March 8, 2020 |first=Justin |last=Wise |title=Trump escalates fight against press with libel lawsuits |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/486273-trump-escalates-fight-against-press-with-libel-lawsuits|access-date=October 1, 2020}}</ref> == Racial views == {{Main|Racial views of Donald Trump}} Many of Trump's comments and actions have been seen as racially charged.<ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last1=Lopez |first1=German |title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history |accessdate=June 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race |title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race |date=January 12, 2018 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}} * {{cite news |title=A history of Donald Trump's racially charged statements |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements |accessdate=October 3, 2019 |work=[[SBS News]] |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |date=July 16, 2019}} * {{cite news |last=Dawsey |first=Josh |authorlink=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html |accessdate=January 11, 2018}} * {{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}} * {{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Ed |last2=Mfula |first2=Chris |title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 12, 2018 |quote=African politicians and diplomats labeled U.S. President Donald Trump a racist on Friday.}}</ref> He has repeatedly denied he is racist, asserting: "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him |title=As Trump denies racism, most Americans don't believe him |last=Benen |first=Steve |date=August 1, 2019 |website=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his rejection of [[political correctness]], while others accept it because they share such beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/ |title=Poll: Majority of Trump Voters Say His Political Correctness Is 'About Right' |last=Nichols |first=Laura |date=June 29, 2017 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Morning Consult]]}}</ref><ref name="nation-20170508">{{cite news |title=Economic Anxiety Didn't Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=May 8, 2017 |first1=Sean |last1=McElwee |first2=Jason |last2=McDaniel}}</ref> Scholars have discussed Trump's rhetoric in the context of [[white supremacy]].<ref> *{{cite journal |last=Inwood |first=Joshua |date=2018 |title=White supremacy, white counter-revolutionary politics, and the rise of Donald Trump |journal=Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=579–596 |doi=10.1177/2399654418789949|s2cid=158269272}} *{{cite journal |last=Giroux |first=Henry A. |date=2017 |title=White nationalism, armed culture and state violence in the age of Donald Trump |journal=Philosophy & Social Criticism |volume=43 |issue=9 |pages=887–910 |doi=10.1177/0191453717702800|s2cid=151410842}} *{{cite journal |last=Bobo |first=Lawrence D. |date=2017 |title=The empire strikes back: Fall of the Postracial Myth and Stirrings of Renewed White Supremacy |journal=Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1017/S1742058X1700008X}} *{{cite journal |last=Sanchez |first=James Chase |date=2018 |title=Trump, the KKK, and the Versatility of White Supremacy Rhetoric |journal=Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric |volume=8 |issue=1/2 |pages=44–56 |doi=10.1177/2399654418789949|s2cid=158269272}} *{{cite journal |last1=Pulido |first1=Laura |first2=Tianna |last2=Bruno |first3=Cristina |last3=Faiver-Serna |first4=Cassandra |last4=Galentine |date=2018 |title=Environmental Deregulation, Spectacular Racism, and White Nationalism in the Trump Era |journal=Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=520–532 |doi=10.1080/24694452.2018.1549473|s2cid=159402163}} </ref> Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<ref name="nation-20170508" /><ref name="vox-20171215">{{cite news |title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study |accessdate=January 14, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=December 15, 2017 |first=German |last=Lopez}}</ref> Racist and [[Islamophobic]] attitudes have been shown to be a powerful indicator of support for Trump.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lajevardi |first1=Nazita |last2=Oskooii |first2=Kassra A. R. |date=2018 |title=Old-Fashioned Racism, Contemporary Islamophobia, and the Isolation of Muslim Americans in the Age of Trump |journal=Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=112–152 |doi=10.1017/rep.2017.37}}</ref> In national polling, about half of Americans say that Trump is racist; a greater proportion believe that he has emboldened racists.<ref name="Marcin">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434 |title=44 Percent Of White Americans Think Donald Trump Is Racist, New Poll Finds |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref><ref name="Quinnipiac-180703">{{cite web |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554 |title=Harsh Words For U.S. Family Separation Policy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Have Dim View Of Trump, Dems On Immigration |website=[[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] |date=July 3, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=William |last=Cummins |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/07/31/donald-trump-racist-majority-say-quinnipiac-university-poll/1877168001/ |title=A majority of voters say President Donald Trump is a racist, Quinnipiac University poll finds |work=[[USA Today]] |date=July 31, 2019}}</ref> In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<ref name="Mahler">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html |title='No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 27, 2016 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |last1=Mahler |first1=Jonathan |last2=Eder |first2=Steve}}</ref> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [[Central Park jogger case]], even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ransom |first1=Jan |title=Trump Will Not Apologize for Calling for Death Penalty Over Central Park Five |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html |accessdate=June 29, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref> Trump relaunched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|"birther" conspiracy theories]] alleging that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farley |first=Robert |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/feb/14/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-people-who-went-school-obama-nev/ |title=Donald Trump says people who went to school with Obama never saw him |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=February 14, 2011 |access-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Moody |first=Chris |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-first-speech-to-cpac/index.html |title=Gay conservatives who helped kickstart Trump's GOP career have serious regrets |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=February 1, 2020}}</ref> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pressuring the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later saying this made him "very popular".<ref name="Madison27April">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |last=Madison |first=Lucy |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |website=[[ABC News]] |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, amid pressure, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S. and falsely claimed the rumors had been started by [[Hillary Clinton]] during [[Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign|her 2008 presidential campaign]].<ref name="nyt-drops">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref> In 2017, he reportedly still expressed birther views in private.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author1link=Maggie Haberman |last2=Martin |first2=Jonathan |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |date=November 28, 2017 |title=Trump Once Said the 'Access Hollywood' Tape Was Real. Now He's Not Sure. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/us/politics/trump-access-hollywood-tape.html |access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> According to an analysis in ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author1link=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=[[Political Science Quarterly]] |date=March 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737}}</ref> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists."<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie |last=Reilly |title=Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico |url=https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five Insults Donald Trump Has Fired At Mexicans In The Presidential Race |url=https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding [[Trump University]] were also criticized as racist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html |title=Paul Ryan Calls Donald Trump's Attack on Judge 'Racist', but Still Backs Him |date=June 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Jennifer |last1=Steinhauer |author1link=Jennifer Steinhauer |first2=Jonathan |last2=Martin |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |first3=David M. |last3=Herszenhorn |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref> [[File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm|thumb|start=13:11|Trump answers questions from reporters about the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville.]] Trump's comments in reaction to the [[Unite the Right rally|2017 Charlottesville far-right rally]] were interpreted by some as implying a [[moral equivalence]] between white supremacist demonstrators and counter-protesters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html |title=Trump: 'Both sides' to blame for Charlottesville |last=Merica |first=Dan |date=August 26, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref> In a January 2018 [[Oval Office]] meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<ref name="zack">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism |title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=January 11, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark |title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark |date=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Patrick |last1=Wintour |author1link=Patrick Wintour |first2=Jason |last2=Burke |author2link=Jason Burke |first3=Anna |last3=Livsey |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref> In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress{{snd}}all four minority women, three of them native-born Americans{{snd}}should "[[Go back where you came from|go back]]" to the countries they "came from".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Katie |last1=Rogers |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump Tells Congresswomen to 'Go Back' to the Countries They Came From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html}}</ref> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci |title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=July 17, 2019}}</ref> [[White nationalist]] publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html |title=Trump said 'many people agree' with his racist tweets. These white supremacists certainly do. |last1=Simon |first1=Mallory |last2=Sidner |first2=Sara |author2link=Sara Sidner |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 20, 2019}}</ref> Trump continued to make similar remarks during his 2020 campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/09/22/trump-attacks-ilhan-omar-420267 |work=[[Politico]] |title='She's telling us how to run our country': Trump again goes after Ilhan Omar's Somali roots |date=September 22, 2020 |first=Matthew |last=Choi}}</ref> == Misogyny and allegations of sexual assault and misconduct == {{Main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations}} Trump has a history of insulting and belittling women when speaking to media and in tweet. He made lewd comments, demeaned women's looks, and called them names like 'dog', 'crazed, crying lowlife', 'face of a pig', or 'horseface'.<ref name="NYTimes_Trump_insults">{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Eileen |last2=Sullivan |author2link=Eileen Sullivan |title='Horseface,' 'Lowlife,' 'Fat, Ugly': How the President Demeans Women |date=October 16, 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/16/us/politics/trump-women-insults.html |accessdate=August 5, 2020}}</ref><ref name="BBC_Trump_talks">{{cite news |first=Ritu |last=Prasad |title=How Trump talks about women – and does it matter? |date=November 29, 2019 |website=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50563106 |accessdate=August 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fieldstadt |first=Elisha |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-consistently-made-lewd-comments-howard-stern-show-n662581 |title=Donald Trump Consistently Made Lewd Comments on 'The Howard Stern Show' |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 9, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2020}}</ref> In October 2016, two days before the [[2016 United States presidential debates#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]], a 2005 "[[hot mic]]" [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|recording]] surfaced in which Trump was heard bragging about kissing and groping women without their consent, saying "when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything&nbsp;... grab 'em by the [[Pussy#Female genitalia|pussy]]."<ref name=NBC080716>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 10, 2018}}</ref> The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author1link=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author3link=Jonathan Martin (journalist)}}</ref> and caused outrage across the political spectrum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach |title=Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach' |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref> At least twenty-six women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct {{as of|2020|09|lc=y}}, including his then-wife Ivana. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=McGann |first2=Laura |title=E. Jean Carroll joins at least 21 other women in publicly accusing Trump of sexual assault or misconduct |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=June 21, 2019 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rupar |first1=Aaron |title=Trump faces a new allegation of sexually assaulting a woman at Mar-a-Lago |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/10/9/20906567/trump-karen-johnson-sexual-assault-mar-a-lago-barry-levine-monique-el-faizy-book |accessdate=April 27, 2020 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Osborne |first=Lucy |date=September 17, 2020 |title='It felt like tentacles': the women who accuse Trump of sexual misconduct |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/17/amy-dorris-donald-trump-women-who-accuse-sexual-misconduct |access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears' |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=October 13, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> == Allegations of inciting violence == Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |title=Analysis &#124; Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Ayal |last1=Feinberg |first2=Regina |last2=Branton |first3=Valerie |last3=Martinez-Ebers}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |last1=Rushin |first1=Stephen |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffin Sims |date=January 14, 2018 |title=The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes |ssrn=3102652}}</ref> During the [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|2016 campaign]], he urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/ |title=Donald Trump Tells Crowd To "Knock the Crap Out Of" Hecklers |last=White |first=Daniel |date=February 1, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana |title=Trump Thinks It's Totally Cool That A Congressman Assaulted A Journalist For Asking A Question |last=Koerner |first=Claudia |date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> Since then, some defendants prosecuted for hate crimes or violent acts cited Trump's rhetoric in arguing that they were not culpable or should receive a lighter sentence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo |title=Trump's "Rhetoric" Inspired This Man To Assault A 13-Year-Old For Wearing A Hat During The Anthem, His Lawyer Said |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> In August 2019, a nationwide review by ABC News identified at least 36 criminal cases in which Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 36 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |date=August 14, 2019 |first=Mike |last=Levine |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref> == Popular culture == {{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture|Donald Trump in music|Media career of Donald Trump}} Trump has been the subject of parody, comedy, and caricature. He has been parodied regularly on [[Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump|''Saturday Night Live'']] by [[Phil Hartman]], [[Darrell Hammond]], and [[Alec Baldwin]], and in ''[[South Park]]'' as [[Mr. Garrison]]. ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart to the Future]]"{{snd}}written during his [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000|2000 campaign for the Reform Party]]{{snd}}anticipated a Trump presidency. A parody series called ''[[The President Show]]'' debuted in April 2017 on [[Comedy Central]], while another one called ''[[Our Cartoon President]]'' debuted on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/ |title='Donald Trump' Gets a Comedy Central Series |first=Megan |last=Garber |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 3, 2017 |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref> Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of [[hip-hop]] lyrics since the 1980s; he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<ref name=538-hiphop /><ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU |title=25 years of Donald Trump mentions in hip hop |via=YouTube |author=mantolius |date=February 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Mentions of Trump in hip-hop turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<ref name=538-hiphop>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics |title=Hip-Hop Is Turning On Donald Trump |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=July 14, 2016 |first=Allison |last=McCann}}</ref> Trump has played himself in the role of a rich and powerful businessman in [[cameo appearances]] in films and television shows<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite news |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockett |first=Dee |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/06/donald-trump-was-in-the-little-rascals.html |title=Yes, Donald Trump Did Actually Play a Spoiled Rich Kid's Dad in The Little Rascals |work=Vulture |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> and from 2004 to 2015 as the host of the [[reality show]] [[The Apprentice (American TV series)|''The Apprentice'']]. == Recognition == {{Further|List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump}} In 1983, Trump received the [[Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award]], after he helped fund two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-inside-donald-trump-s-history-of-donations-in-israel-1.5469673 |title=Inside Donald Trump's History of Donations in Israel |work=[[Haaretz]] |first=Judy |last=Maltz |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |first=Judy |last=Maltz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499 |title=Trump Once Helped Finance Resettlement of Israelis Evacuated From Sinai |date=May 4, 2017 |work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> In 1986, he received the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/ |title=Did Donald Trump Receive an Ellis Island Award in 1986? |first=Dan |last=Evon |date=September 5, 2016 |website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the [[Freedoms Foundation]] for his support of youth programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ |title=Trump to be honored for working with youths |date=May 25, 1995 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> He has been awarded five honorary doctorates, but one was revoked by [[Robert Gordon University]] in 2015 after Trump called for a Muslim ban, citing Trump's speech being "wholly incompatible{{nbsp}}... with the ethos and values of the university". The remaining awards are [[Lehigh University]]'s honorary doctorate of laws in 1988, [[Wagner College]]'s honorary doctorate of humane letters in 2004, and [[Liberty University]]'s honorary doctorates of business and law in 2012 and 2017 respectively.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/05/13/trump-has-now-been-awarded-five-honorary-doctorates-and-stripped-of-one/ |title=Donald Trump has now been awarded five honorary doctorates – and stripped of one |date=May 14, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Callum |last=Borchers |accessdate=June 5, 2020}}</ref> In December 2016, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Trump as its "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]",<ref name=PersonYear>{{cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |authorlink=Nancy Gibbs |title=Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/ |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Eun Kyung |title=Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state |url=https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685 |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, he was named ''[[Financial Times]]'' [[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]<ref name="FT 2016">{{cite news |last=Luce |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Luce |title=FT Person of the Year: Donald Trump |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a |accessdate=December 17, 2017 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> and was ranked by ''Forbes'' the [[Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People|second most powerful person in the world]] after [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful People |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/ |work=[[Forbes]] |date=December 2016 |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> As president, Trump received the [[Order of King Abdulaziz|Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]] from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html |title=Donald Trump awarded with Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour within hours of landing in the country |last1=Wilts |first1=Alexandra |date=May 20, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 20, 2017}}</ref> == See also == * [[Donald Trump in popular culture]] * [[Every Second Counts (video contest)]] * [[International reactions to the United States presidential election, 2016]] * [[Make America Great Again]] * [[Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration]] * [[Public image of Barack Obama]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Trump media}} {{Donald Trump}} {{Draft categories| [[Category:Donald Trump]] [[Category:Public image of American politicians|Trump]] }} {{US-politician-stub}} {{Drafts moved from mainspace|date=November 2020}}'