Examine individual changes
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name) | '71.50.194.41' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'viewmywatchlist',
6 => 'editmywatchlist',
7 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
8 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
9 => 'editmyoptions',
10 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
11 => 'centralauth-merge',
12 => 'abusefilter-view',
13 => 'abusefilter-log',
14 => 'vipsscaler-test'
] |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | true |
Page ID (page_id) | 132295 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Carlisle, Pennsylvania' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'Carlisle, Pennsylvania' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
0 => 'Cmr08',
1 => 'Magnolia677',
2 => '73.64.247.151',
3 => 'Cartersmith88',
4 => 'Antandrus',
5 => '2601:986:8000:27E0:48FD:6321:F13E:E4A6',
6 => 'Monkbot',
7 => 'BD2412',
8 => '98.235.179.106',
9 => 'Corachow'
] |
Page age in seconds (page_age) | 576257698 |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | '/* Notable people */Added content' |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Carlisle, Pennsylvania
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Borough
|motto = "Excellence in Community Service"
|image_skyline = Carlisle, Pennsylvania.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Downtown Carlisle
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal = Carlisle_coat_of_arms.jpg
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_size =
| pushpin_map = Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_label = Carlisle
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pennsylvania and the United States
| pushpin_label_position = left
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Borough Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Tim Scott
|leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor
|leader_name1 = Sean M. Shultz
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1751
|established_title1 = Incorporated
|established_date1 = 1782
|named_for = [[Carlisle]], England
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_42.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 14.07
|area_land_km2 = 14.05
|area_water_km2 = 0.02
|area_total_sq_mi = 5.43
|area_land_sq_mi = 5.42
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.01
|area_water_percent =
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 18682
|population_density_km2 = 1366.69
|population_density_sq_mi = 3539.45
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|coordinates = {{coord|40|12|09|N|77|11|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 146
|elevation_ft = 479
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 17013, 17015
|area_code = [[Area codes 717 and 223|717 and 223]]
|website = {{URL|www.carlislepa.org}}
|footnotes = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Pennsylvania|designation1_date=July 30, 1947<ref name="PAHMDB">{{cite web|url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers |title=PHMC Historical Markers Search |work=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission |publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania | format=Searchable database | access-date=2014-01-25}}</ref>}}
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|population_est = 19198
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 42-11272
|image_map = File:Cumberland County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Carlisle Highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location of Carlisle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.
}}
'''Carlisle''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in and the [[county seat]] of [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]], [[Pennsylvania]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> Carlisle is located within the [[Cumberland Valley]], a highly productive agricultural region. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the borough population was 18,682;<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Carlisle borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 18, 2015| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213081726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> the estimated population as of 2019 was 19,198.<ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> Including suburbs in the neighboring townships, 37,695 live in the Carlisle urban cluster. Carlisle is the smaller principal city of the [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]−Carlisle [[Harrisburg metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]], which includes all of Cumberland, [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin]], and [[Perry County, Pennsylvania|Perry]] counties in [[South Central Pennsylvania]]. In 2010, [[Forbes]] rated Carlisle and Harrisburg the second-best place to raise a family.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html|title=America's Best Places to Raise a Family|magazine=Forbes.com|first=Francesca|last=Levy|date=June 7, 2010}}</ref>
The [[U.S. Army War College]], located at the [[Carlisle Barracks]], prepares high-level military personnel and civilians for strategic leadership responsibilities. Carlisle Barracks ranks among the oldest U.S. Army installations and the most senior military educational institution in the [[United States Army]]. Carlisle Barracks is home of the [[U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center|United States Army Heritage and Education Center]], an archives and museum complex open to the public. Carlisle also hosts [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]] and [[Dickinson College]]. [[Ahold]]'s U.S. headquarters are in Carlisle.
==History==
[[Scotch-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] immigrants farmed the Cumberland Valley beginning in the early 1730s. The town of Carlisle, at the intersection of several Indian trails, was designated by the Pennsylvania assembly and the [[William Penn]] family in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County (named for [[Cumberland|Cumberland County, England]]). American pioneer [[John Armstrong Sr.]], a surveyor for the Penn family, laid the plan for the town of Carlisle in 1751. He settled there and fathered [[John Armstrong Jr.]] in 1758. They named the settlement after its sister town of [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]], [[Cumberland]] (now in [[Cumbria]]), England, and even built its former jailhouse (which Cumberland County now uses as general government offices) to resemble The Citadel in the English city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitcumbria.com/car/carlisle-citadel/|title=Carlisle Citadel|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
On the frontier confronting hostile Native American tribes who were defending against the violent larceny of their land, the town built a stockade for protection in 1753. Upgraded by the colony in 1755, it was called Ft. Carlisle (also called Ft. Lowther).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA|title=Carlisle Fort - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> In 1757, Colonel Commandant [[John Stanwix]]—for whom [[Fort Stanwix]] in upstate New York is named—–made his headquarters in Carlisle, PA, and was promoted to [[brigadier general]] on December 27 of that year. Stanwix had sat in Parliament as Member for Carlisle (England) during the 1740s. Later during the [[French and Indian Wars]], the [[Forbes Expedition]] organized in Carlisle in 1758, and [[Henry Bouquet]] organized an expedition there for [[Pontiac's War]], the last conflict of the war, in 1763.
The [[American Guide Series|Pennsylvania guide]], compiled by the Writers' Program of the [[Works Progress Administration]] in 1940, described the early history of Carlisle's [[public square]] and the physical changes that had occurred by the first half of the 20th century, noting that the square, located at the<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State|last=Federal Writers' Project|date=1940|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=1st|page=197|location=New York}}</ref>{{Quote
|text=intersection of Hanover and High Sts., is now hardly recognizable as such, for the market house, courthouse, and church have encroached on it. But in the early days its limits were clearly defined. The square was the camping ground of Indian delegations in the tense days when the French were invading the [[Ohio Valley]], the gathering place of Revolutionary mass meetings, and the nucleus of a compact little settlement. Here occurred the touching reunion of the Indian captive, Regina, and her mother, after [[Henry Bouquet|Colonel Bouquet]] had forced the conquered tribes to surrender their prisoners in 1764. Regina, a German girl whose family name is given variously as Hartman and Leininger, had been taken captive when small, and had forgotten her mother. With tears coursing down her cheeks the mother then sang a song she once had used as a [[lullaby]]:<poem style="margin-left: 2em;">
''Allein, und doch nicht ganz allein,
''Bin ich in meiner einsamkeit.
[Alone, yet not alone am I, in this
my solitude]</poem> and the long lost daughter rushed into her mother's arms.
|author=Federal Writers'Project|title="Part II: Cities and Towns" |source=''Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State'' (1940)
}}
Frontier freedom mentality and years of war bred in Cumberland County fierce freedom fighters in the Revolutionary War.
In the town stands the home of [[James Wilson (justice)|James Wilson]], early Carlisle lawyer, and representative to the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the framers of the U. S. Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA|title=James Wilson - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
The First Presbyterian Church, begun in 1757 and completed in 1770, the oldest building in Carlisle, is where the Rev. Capt John Steele, "The Fighting Parson," preached his fiery sermons for God and freedom and where colonists met July 12, 1774, to sign a document protesting the Boston Port Acts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA|title=First Presbyterian Church - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt</ref> A year later Carlisle supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army. Rev. Capt. John Steel was named commander of the leading company of this group when they marched from Carlisle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstprescarlisle.org/our-history/the-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house |title=The Rocky Road to the Meeting House | First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle |publisher=Firstprescarlisle.org |access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>
No longer standing but marked by a historical marker is the home of [[Ephraim Blaine]], Commissary General of Revolutionary Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA|title=Blaine House - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
Also, no longer standing but commemorated, is the home of Gen. [[John Armstrong Sr.]], "Hero of [[Kittanning Expedition|Kittanning]]," Revolutionary officer, and member of the Continental Congress.
Still standing is the gun shop of Thomas Butler Sr., an Irish immigrant, who manufactured Pennsylvania long rifles for the French and Indian War. He later became Chief Armorer for The First Continental Congress. He and his five sons served in the Revolutionary War and were known as "The Fighting Butlers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs|title=Thomas Butler - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> His eldest son was [[Richard Butler (general)]].
Carlisle also served as a munitions depot during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The depot was later developed into the [[United States Army War College]] at Carlisle Barracks. Revolutionary War legend [[Molly Pitcher]] died in the borough in 1832, and her body lies buried in the Old Public Graveyard. A hotel was built in her honor, called the Molly Pitcher Hotel; it has since been renovated to house apartments for senior citizens.
Carlisle was incorporated as a [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] a few years after the war on April 13, 1782. Carlisle continued to play a part in the early development in the United States through the end of the century: In response to a planned march in favor of the [[United States Constitution]] in 1787, [[Anti-Federalists]] instigated a riot in Carlisle. A decade later, during the [[Whiskey Rebellion]] in 1794, the troops of Pennsylvania and [[New Jersey]] assembled in Carlisle under the leadership of President [[George Washington]].<ref>{{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Carlisle (2.) |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page=110 }}</ref> While in Carlisle, the president worshiped in the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Hanover Street and High Street.
[[Benjamin Rush]], a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], developed Carlisle Grammar School in 1773 and chartered it as Dickinson College—the first new college founded in the newly recognized United States. One of the college's more famous alumni, the 15th U.S. president, [[James Buchanan]], graduated in 1809.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Klein| first=Philip S.| title=President James Buchanan: A Biography| publisher=American Political Biography Press| location=Newtown, CT| ref=Klein| year=1962| edition=1995| isbn=0-945707-11-8| pages=9–12}}</ref> The [[Dickinson School of Law]], founded in 1834 and affiliated then with Dickinson College, ranks as the fifth-oldest law school in the United States and the oldest law school in Pennsylvania.
A general borough law of 1851 (amended in 1852) authorized a burgess and a borough council to administer the government of the borough of Carlisle.
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage=[[File:Carlisle, Pennsylvania (5656229890).jpg|210px]] | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJI4FzevUw Cumberland County Courthouse Tour], Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 29:27 | accessdate =August 25, 2016 }}
Leading up to the [[American Civil War]], Carlisle served as a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]]. During the war, an army of the [[Confederate States of America]], under General [[Fitzhugh Lee]], attacked and shelled the borough during the [[Battle of Carlisle]] on July 1, 1863 as part of the [[Gettysburg Campaign]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} A cannonball dent can still be seen on one of the columns of the historic county courthouse.
United States Army Lieutenant [[Richard Henry Pratt]] founded [[Carlisle Indian Industrial School]] in 1879 as the first federally supported school for [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] off a reservation. The United States government maintained the school, housed at Carlisle Barracks as an experiment in educating Native Americans and teaching them to reject tribal culture and to adapt to white society. Pratt retired from the Army in 1903 and from supervising the school as its superintendent in 1904. Athletic hero [[Jim Thorpe]] entered the school in 1907 and joined its football team under coach [[Glenn Warner|Glenn "Pop" Warner]] in 1908. Playing halfback, Jim Thorpe led the team to startling upset victories over powerhouses [[Harvard Crimson football|Harvard]], [[Army West Point Black Knights football|Army]], and the [[Penn Quakers football|University of Pennsylvania]] in 1911–12, bringing nationwide attention to the school. Marianne Moore taught there c. 1910. Carlisle Indian School closed in 1918.
The [[Dickinson School of Law]] was chartered as an independent institution in 1890. Dickinson School of Law merged into the [[Pennsylvania State University]] in 1997 as [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]].
Carlisle was the original eastern terminus of the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] when it opened in October 1940.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kitsko |first1=Jeffrey |title=Pennsylvania Turnpike |url=http://www.pahighways.com/toll/PATurnpike.html |website=Pennsylvania Highways |access-date=February 2, 2019}}</ref>
The [[Carlisle Historic District (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Historic District]], [[Carlisle Indian School]], [[Hessian Powder Magazine]], [[Carlisle Armory (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Armory]], and [[Old West, Dickinson College]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
==Geography==
Carlisle is located slightly northeast of the center of Cumberland County at {{Coord|40|12|9|N|77|11|42|W|type:city}} (40.202553, −77.195016) at an elevation of {{convert|479|ft|m}}.<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref><ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The borough lies in the [[Cumberland Valley]], a section of the [[Great Appalachian Valley]], to the south of [[Conodoguinet Creek]], a tributary of the [[Susquehanna River]]. Letort Spring Run, a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek, runs north through the eastern part of the borough.
Carlisle lies in south-central Pennsylvania southwest of the intersection of [[Interstate 76 (east)|Interstate 76]] (the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]]) and [[Interstate 81]] roughly {{convert|20|mi}} west-southwest of [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], the state capital. By road it is approximately {{convert|80|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Baltimore]] and {{convert|124|mi|abbr=on}} west-northwest of [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Google Maps | publisher = Google Maps | url = https://maps.google.com | access-date = June 18, 2015}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Carlisle has a total area of {{convert|14.35|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|14.33|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqkm|order=flip|2}}, or 0.14%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>
===Climate===
Carlisle has a [[Humid continental climate|humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dfa'')]] with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The average temperature in Carlisle is 51.3 °F (10.7 °C) with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 16 days a year and dropping below 32 °F (0 °C) an average of 119 days a year. On average, the borough receives 38.8 inches (986 mm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall averages 29.8 inches (757 mm) per year.<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web | title = Historical Weather for Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States of America | publisher = Weatherbase | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=367063&refer=&units=us | access-date = 2010-04-03}}</ref> On average, January is the coolest month, July is the warmest month, and September is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Carlisle was 102 °F (39 °C) in 1966; the coldest temperature recorded was −19 °F (−28 °C) in 1994.<ref name=TWC>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0234 |title=Average weather for Carlisle, PA |access-date= 2010-04-03 |publisher=[[The Weather Channel]]}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Carlisle, Pennsylvania
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 71
|Feb record high F = 77
|Mar record high F = 85
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 95
|Jun record high F = 98
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 89
|Nov record high F = 82
|Dec record high F = 77
|Jan high F = 35
|Feb high F = 39
|Mar high F = 48
|Apr high F = 60
|May high F = 70
|Jun high F = 79
|Jul high F = 83
|Aug high F = 81
|Sep high F = 74
|Oct high F = 62
|Nov high F = 51
|Dec high F = 40
|Jan low F = 20
|Feb low F = 22
|Mar low F = 30
|Apr low F = 39
|May low F = 49
|Jun low F = 58
|Jul low F = 63
|Aug low F = 61
|Sep low F = 53
|Oct low F = 42
|Nov low F = 34
|Dec low F = 25
|Jan record low F = −19
|Feb record low F = −6
|Mar record low F = 2
|Apr record low F = 13
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 37
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 31
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = 6
|Dec record low F = −3
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.17
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.65
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.34
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.35
|May precipitation inch = 4.16
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.18
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.93
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.36
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.28
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.22
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.19
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.99
|Jan snow inch = 9.0
|Feb snow inch = 8.9
|Mar snow inch = 6.1
|Apr snow inch = 0.6
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0
|Nov snow inch = 1.7
|Dec snow inch = 6.0
|source 1 = [[The Weather Channel]];<ref name=TWC/> Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase/>
|date=August 2010
}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1800= 2052
|1810= 2491
|1820= 2908
|1830= 3708
|1840= 4351
|1850= 4581
|1860= 5664
|1870= 6650
|1880= 6209
|1890= 7620
|1900= 9626
|1910= 10303
|1920= 10916
|1930= 12596
|1940= 13984
|1950= 16812
|1960= 16623
|1970= 18079
|1980= 18314
|1990= 18419
|2000= 17970
|2010= 18682
|estyear=2019
|estimate=19198
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 11, 2014|df=mdy|author-link=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
}}
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,970 people, 7,426 households, and 4,010 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,308.9 people per square mile (1,277.8/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 8,032 housing units at an average density of 1,479.0 per square mile (571.1/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the borough was 88.93% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.92% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.60% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.71% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.96% of the population.
There were 7,426 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the borough, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $33,969, and the median income for a family was $46,588. Males had a median income of $34,519 versus $25,646 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,394. About 8.6% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
==Economy==
Leading industries in Carlisle's past have included Carlisle Tire and Rubber Company (founded 1917), Masland Carpets (founded 1866), and The Frog, Switch and Manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frog Switch & Manufacturing Co/The |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FRSW:US |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Carlisle Tire and Rubber and Masland Carpets have since gone out of business, and both plants were demolished in 2013. [[CenturyLink]] maintains a call center in the city, and [[Amazon.com]] is one of several warehouse facilities in the city. In 2013, [[Apple, Inc.|Apple]] opened an [[AppleCare]] device repair facility southeast of the Interstate 81 overpass over the Pennsylvania Turnpike to cover American customers east of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://9to5mac.com/2013/10/29/apple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs/|title=Apple opens up new East Coast U.S. AppleCare center to speed up repairs|last=Gurman|first=Mark|date=29 October 2013|publisher=[[9to5Mac]]|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>
==Arts and culture==
Carlisle is famous to many people for its car shows, put on regularly by Carlisle Events throughout the spring, summer, and fall at the [[Carlisle Fairgrounds]]. In addition to the regularly scheduled shows there are specialty shows, including the GM Nationals, the Ford Nationals, the Chrysler Nationals, the Truck Nationals, Corvettes at Carlisle, and the Import/Kit Car Nationals.
Partly because of its location at the intersection of two major trucking routes ([[I-81]] and [[Interstate 76 (east)|I-76]]), air pollution within the borough often falls within the range considered by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] as "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" [i.e., children, the elderly, and people with respiratory or heart disease]. The pollutant typically involved is PM2.5, [[Atmospheric particulate matter|particulate matter]] composed of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cumberlink.com/news/local/air-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d/article_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Air Quality: It's worse here than in Baltimore, D.C. and Philly - and it's making us sick|last=Croley|first=Christen|date=Apr 25, 2013|website=The Sentinel|language=en|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref>
The Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet (CPYB), a ballet school and performing company known internationally for their alumni, is based in Carlisle.
Carlisle is the headquarters of the [[Giant-Carlisle|Giant Food]] supermarkets in Pennsylvania.
Carlisle was home to the [[Washington Redskins]] training camp for many years. In 1986, cornerback [[Darrell Green]] ran the [[40-yard dash]] at [[Dickinson College]] in 4.09 seconds. Although the result was unofficial, it is the fastest "legitimate" time ever recorded in the 40-yard dash.
Carlisle is mentioned in Season 2, Episode 18 of the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] fantasy series ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]''.
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
* [[Dickinson College]]
* [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]]
* [[United States Army War College]]
===Public school===
*[[Carlisle Area School District]]
===Private schools===
As reported by the National Center for Educational Statistics<ref>ies, National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, Private School Universe Survey 2008</ref>
*Carlisle Christian Academy
*Blue Ridge Mennonite School
*Dickinson College Children's Center
*Hidden Valley School
*St Patrick School
*The Christian School of Grace Baptist Church
==Media==
===Print===
Carlisle has one daily newspaper, ''[[The Sentinel (Pennsylvania)|The Sentinel]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = About this Newspaper: The sentinel. | work = Chronicling America | publisher = [[Library of Congress]] | url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86013742/ | access-date = 2010-04-05}}</ref>
===Radio===
'''AM'''
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1"
|+ align=bottom |
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Frequency'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[Callsign]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=AMQ AM Radio Database Query |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |access-date=2010-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Format'''<ref name=Locator>{{cite web | title = Radio-Locator | publisher = Radio-Locator | url = http://www.radio-locator.com/ | access-date = 2010-04-05}}</ref>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[City of License]]'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Notes'''
|-
|960||[[WHYL]]||[[Adult Standards]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||-
|-
|1000||[[WIOO]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||-
|}
'''FM'''
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1"
|+ align=bottom |
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Frequency'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[Callsign]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=FMQ FM Radio Database Query |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |access-date=2010-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Format'''<ref name=Locator/>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[City of License]]'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Notes'''
|-
|88.3||[[WDCV-FM]]||[[Variety (U.S. radio)|Variety]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||[[Dickinson College]] [[college radio|radio]]
|-
|93.1||[[WBYO|W226AS]]||[[Contemporary Christian]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Translator of [[WBYO]], [[Sellersville, Pennsylvania]]
|-
|97.9||[[WIOO|W250AP]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Translator of [[WIOO]]
|-
|101.7||[[Family Radio|W269AS]]||[[Christian radio|Christian]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||[[Family Radio]] translator
|-
|102.3||[[WCAT-FM]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Broadcasts from [[Camp Hill, Pennsylvania]]
|}
==Notable people==
* [[Charles Albright (congressman)|Charles Jefferson Albright]] (1816–1883), [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]] from Pennsylvania<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896">{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | location=Chicago | year = 1963}}</ref>
* [[James Armstrong (Pennsylvania)|James Armstrong]], congressman from Pennsylvania<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896"/>
* [[John Armstrong, Jr.]], [[United States Secretary of War]]<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896"/>
* [[Deborah Birx]], American physician and diplomat.
* [[Ashley Bouder]], ballet dancer
* [[Sid Bream]], Major League Baseball player
* [[Jackson Bostwick]], actor
* [[Alice Bridges]], born in 1916, Olympic bronze medalist at age 20 in 100 m swimming event (1936 Berlin Olympics); resided in Carlisle
* [[William Davidson (Pennsylvania representative)|William Davidson]] (1783-1867), Pennsylvania State Senator for the 17th district from 1817 to 1824
* [[Stephen Duncan]], the wealthiest cotton planter in the South prior to Civil War, and second largest slave owner in the country<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Engerman | first1 = Stanley L. | year = 1976 | editor1-last = Owens | editor1-first = Harry P. | title = The Southern Slave Economy | work = Perspectives and Irony in American Slavery | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=G94yBvej-WcC&pg=PP1 | publisher = University Press of Mississippi | page = 107| isbn = 9781617034534 }}</ref>
* [[Cheston Lee Eshelman]], inventor, aviator, manufacturer (Cheston L. Eshelman Company) and automaker (see [[Eshelman]])
* [[Harold J. Greene]] (1955-2014), United States Army soldier<ref name=MortuaryAffairs>{{cite web|url=http://www.mortuary.af.mil/pressreleases/pressreleasearchive/story.asp?id=123420524|title=Army Maj. Gen. Harold J. Greene honored in dignified transfer Aug. 7|work=United States Air Force|publisher=United States Department of the Air Force|author=Air Force Mortuary Affairs|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Arthur Japy Hepburn]] (1877–1964), admiral whose naval career spanned Spanish–American War, World War I, and World War II
* [[John Huzvar]] (1929–2007), football player
* [[Carrie Imler]], ballet dancer
* [[Alexander J. Irwin]], Wisconsin territorial legislator
* [[Robert Irwin, Jr.]], Michigan territorial legislator
* [[John Keeny|J. E. Keeny]], president of [[Louisiana Tech University]] from 1908–1926, born in Carlisle in 1860<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php| title=Keeny, John Ephraim| publisher=[[Louisiana Historical Association]], A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography (lahistory.org)| access-date=December 27, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201234813/http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php| archive-date=December 1, 2010| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[Jeff Lebo]], current men's basketball coach at [[East Carolina University]]
* [[Lois Lowry]], author of children's literature, awarded [[Newbery Medal]] twice; several childhood years were spent in Carlisle, her mother's hometown
* [[Andrew G. Miller]], [[United States federal judge]]
* [[Marianne Moore]], [[Modernism|Modernist]] poet and writer
* [[Billy Owens]], former [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player
* [[Molly Pitcher]] (Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley), heroine at the [[Battle of Monmouth]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]; a statue of her can be seen in Old Cemetery, where she is buried
*[[John T. Smith (congressman)|John T. Smith]] (1801-1864), U.S. Congressman for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1843 to 1845
* [[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]], a [[List of United States Senators from Maryland|U.S. senator]] and [[Maryland's 5th congressional district|congressman]] from Maryland, born in Carlisle in 1752
* [[Abi Stafford]], ballet dancer
* [[Jonathan Stafford]], ballet dancer and artistic director of [[New York City Ballet]]
*[[Robin Thomas]], actor
* [[Jim Thorpe]] (1887-1953), iconic athlete, Olympic gold medalist, football player and coach; considered one of the most versatile athletes in modern sports
*[[Lemuel Todd]] (1817-1891), U.S. congressman, officer in the [[1st Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment]]
* [[Frederick Watts]], U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture (1871–1876) and "Father of [[Penn State University]]"
* [[Samuel Wilkeson]], former mayor of [[Buffalo, New York]]
* [[William Wilkins (U.S. politician)|William Wilkins]] (1779-1865), U.S. Senator 1831-34, U.S. Representative, U.S. Secretary of War
* [[James Wilson (justice)|James Wilson]], signer of [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], twice elected to the [[Continental Congress]], a major force in the drafting of the nation's [[United States Constitution|Constitution]]
* [[Lee Woodall]], former [[National Football League|NFL]] player
* Lt. Col. [[Jay Zeamer, Jr.]], [[World War II]] [[U.S. Army Air Forces]] veteran and Medal of Honor recipient
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Ridner, Judith. ''A Town In-Between: Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the Early Mid-Atlantic Interior'' ( 2010) [https://www.amazon.com/Town--Between-Carlisle-Pennsylvania-Mid-Atlantic/dp/081224236X/ excerpt and text search]
==External links==
{{Portal|Pennsylvania}}
{{commons category}}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |ref=none |wstitle=Carlisle (Pennsylvania) |volume=5 |page=342 |short=x}}
* [http://www.carlislepa.org/ Borough of Carlisle official website]
* [http://www.visitcumberlandvalley.com Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau]
* [http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks3/carlisle/carlisle.htm Photographs of the Spring Carlisle collector car swap meet – ''Rochester Area Ballparks'']
* [http://www.stahlseite.de/frogswitch.htm Photographs of the Frogswitch foundry in Carlisle]
{{Cumberland County, Pennsylvania}}
{{County Seats of Pennsylvania}}
{{Pennsylvania}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Carlisle, Pennsylvania| ]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]]
[[Category:County seats in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area|C]]
[[Category:Susquehanna Valley]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1751]]
[[Category:1751 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:1782 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:American Civil War sites]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Underground Railroad]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Carlisle, Pennsylvania
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Borough
|motto = "Excellence in Community Service"
|image_skyline = Carlisle, Pennsylvania.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Downtown Carlisle
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal = Carlisle_coat_of_arms.jpg
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_size =
| pushpin_map = Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_label = Carlisle
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pennsylvania and the United States
| pushpin_label_position = left
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Borough Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Tim Scott
|leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor
|leader_name1 = Sean M. Shultz
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1751
|established_title1 = Incorporated
|established_date1 = 1782
|named_for = [[Carlisle]], England
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_42.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 14.07
|area_land_km2 = 14.05
|area_water_km2 = 0.02
|area_total_sq_mi = 5.43
|area_land_sq_mi = 5.42
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.01
|area_water_percent =
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 18682
|population_density_km2 = 1366.69
|population_density_sq_mi = 3539.45
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|coordinates = {{coord|40|12|09|N|77|11|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 146
|elevation_ft = 479
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 17013, 17015
|area_code = [[Area codes 717 and 223|717 and 223]]
|website = {{URL|www.carlislepa.org}}
|footnotes = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Pennsylvania|designation1_date=July 30, 1947<ref name="PAHMDB">{{cite web|url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers |title=PHMC Historical Markers Search |work=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission |publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania | format=Searchable database | access-date=2014-01-25}}</ref>}}
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|population_est = 19198
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 42-11272
|image_map = File:Cumberland County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Carlisle Highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location of Carlisle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.
}}
'''Carlisle''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in and the [[county seat]] of [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]], [[Pennsylvania]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> Carlisle is located within the [[Cumberland Valley]], a highly productive agricultural region. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the borough population was 18,682;<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Carlisle borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 18, 2015| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213081726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> the estimated population as of 2019 was 19,198.<ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> Including suburbs in the neighboring townships, 37,695 live in the Carlisle urban cluster. Carlisle is the smaller principal city of the [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]−Carlisle [[Harrisburg metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]], which includes all of Cumberland, [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin]], and [[Perry County, Pennsylvania|Perry]] counties in [[South Central Pennsylvania]]. In 2010, [[Forbes]] rated Carlisle and Harrisburg the second-best place to raise a family.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html|title=America's Best Places to Raise a Family|magazine=Forbes.com|first=Francesca|last=Levy|date=June 7, 2010}}</ref>
The [[U.S. Army War College]], located at the [[Carlisle Barracks]], prepares high-level military personnel and civilians for strategic leadership responsibilities. Carlisle Barracks ranks among the oldest U.S. Army installations and the most senior military educational institution in the [[United States Army]]. Carlisle Barracks is home of the [[U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center|United States Army Heritage and Education Center]], an archives and museum complex open to the public. Carlisle also hosts [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]] and [[Dickinson College]]. [[Ahold]]'s U.S. headquarters are in Carlisle.
==History==
[[Scotch-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] immigrants farmed the Cumberland Valley beginning in the early 1730s. The town of Carlisle, at the intersection of several Indian trails, was designated by the Pennsylvania assembly and the [[William Penn]] family in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County (named for [[Cumberland|Cumberland County, England]]). American pioneer [[John Armstrong Sr.]], a surveyor for the Penn family, laid the plan for the town of Carlisle in 1751. He settled there and fathered [[John Armstrong Jr.]] in 1758. They named the settlement after its sister town of [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]], [[Cumberland]] (now in [[Cumbria]]), England, and even built its former jailhouse (which Cumberland County now uses as general government offices) to resemble The Citadel in the English city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitcumbria.com/car/carlisle-citadel/|title=Carlisle Citadel|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
On the frontier confronting hostile Native American tribes who were defending against the violent larceny of their land, the town built a stockade for protection in 1753. Upgraded by the colony in 1755, it was called Ft. Carlisle (also called Ft. Lowther).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA|title=Carlisle Fort - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> In 1757, Colonel Commandant [[John Stanwix]]—for whom [[Fort Stanwix]] in upstate New York is named—–made his headquarters in Carlisle, PA, and was promoted to [[brigadier general]] on December 27 of that year. Stanwix had sat in Parliament as Member for Carlisle (England) during the 1740s. Later during the [[French and Indian Wars]], the [[Forbes Expedition]] organized in Carlisle in 1758, and [[Henry Bouquet]] organized an expedition there for [[Pontiac's War]], the last conflict of the war, in 1763.
The [[American Guide Series|Pennsylvania guide]], compiled by the Writers' Program of the [[Works Progress Administration]] in 1940, described the early history of Carlisle's [[public square]] and the physical changes that had occurred by the first half of the 20th century, noting that the square, located at the<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State|last=Federal Writers' Project|date=1940|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=1st|page=197|location=New York}}</ref>{{Quote
|text=intersection of Hanover and High Sts., is now hardly recognizable as such, for the market house, courthouse, and church have encroached on it. But in the early days its limits were clearly defined. The square was the camping ground of Indian delegations in the tense days when the French were invading the [[Ohio Valley]], the gathering place of Revolutionary mass meetings, and the nucleus of a compact little settlement. Here occurred the touching reunion of the Indian captive, Regina, and her mother, after [[Henry Bouquet|Colonel Bouquet]] had forced the conquered tribes to surrender their prisoners in 1764. Regina, a German girl whose family name is given variously as Hartman and Leininger, had been taken captive when small, and had forgotten her mother. With tears coursing down her cheeks the mother then sang a song she once had used as a [[lullaby]]:<poem style="margin-left: 2em;">
''Allein, und doch nicht ganz allein,
''Bin ich in meiner einsamkeit.
[Alone, yet not alone am I, in this
my solitude]</poem> and the long lost daughter rushed into her mother's arms.
|author=Federal Writers'Project|title="Part II: Cities and Towns" |source=''Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State'' (1940)
}}
Frontier freedom mentality and years of war bred in Cumberland County fierce freedom fighters in the Revolutionary War.
In the town stands the home of [[James Wilson (justice)|James Wilson]], early Carlisle lawyer, and representative to the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the framers of the U. S. Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA|title=James Wilson - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
The First Presbyterian Church, begun in 1757 and completed in 1770, the oldest building in Carlisle, is where the Rev. Capt John Steele, "The Fighting Parson," preached his fiery sermons for God and freedom and where colonists met July 12, 1774, to sign a document protesting the Boston Port Acts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA|title=First Presbyterian Church - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt</ref> A year later Carlisle supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army. Rev. Capt. John Steel was named commander of the leading company of this group when they marched from Carlisle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstprescarlisle.org/our-history/the-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house |title=The Rocky Road to the Meeting House | First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle |publisher=Firstprescarlisle.org |access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>
No longer standing but marked by a historical marker is the home of [[Ephraim Blaine]], Commissary General of Revolutionary Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA|title=Blaine House - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
Also, no longer standing but commemorated, is the home of Gen. [[John Armstrong Sr.]], "Hero of [[Kittanning Expedition|Kittanning]]," Revolutionary officer, and member of the Continental Congress.
Still standing is the gun shop of Thomas Butler Sr., an Irish immigrant, who manufactured Pennsylvania long rifles for the French and Indian War. He later became Chief Armorer for The First Continental Congress. He and his five sons served in the Revolutionary War and were known as "The Fighting Butlers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs|title=Thomas Butler - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> His eldest son was [[Richard Butler (general)]].
Carlisle also served as a munitions depot during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The depot was later developed into the [[United States Army War College]] at Carlisle Barracks. Revolutionary War legend [[Molly Pitcher]] died in the borough in 1832, and her body lies buried in the Old Public Graveyard. A hotel was built in her honor, called the Molly Pitcher Hotel; it has since been renovated to house apartments for senior citizens.
Carlisle was incorporated as a [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] a few years after the war on April 13, 1782. Carlisle continued to play a part in the early development in the United States through the end of the century: In response to a planned march in favor of the [[United States Constitution]] in 1787, [[Anti-Federalists]] instigated a riot in Carlisle. A decade later, during the [[Whiskey Rebellion]] in 1794, the troops of Pennsylvania and [[New Jersey]] assembled in Carlisle under the leadership of President [[George Washington]].<ref>{{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Carlisle (2.) |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page=110 }}</ref> While in Carlisle, the president worshiped in the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Hanover Street and High Street.
[[Benjamin Rush]], a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], developed Carlisle Grammar School in 1773 and chartered it as Dickinson College—the first new college founded in the newly recognized United States. One of the college's more famous alumni, the 15th U.S. president, [[James Buchanan]], graduated in 1809.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Klein| first=Philip S.| title=President James Buchanan: A Biography| publisher=American Political Biography Press| location=Newtown, CT| ref=Klein| year=1962| edition=1995| isbn=0-945707-11-8| pages=9–12}}</ref> The [[Dickinson School of Law]], founded in 1834 and affiliated then with Dickinson College, ranks as the fifth-oldest law school in the United States and the oldest law school in Pennsylvania.
A general borough law of 1851 (amended in 1852) authorized a burgess and a borough council to administer the government of the borough of Carlisle.
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage=[[File:Carlisle, Pennsylvania (5656229890).jpg|210px]] | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJI4FzevUw Cumberland County Courthouse Tour], Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 29:27 | accessdate =August 25, 2016 }}
Leading up to the [[American Civil War]], Carlisle served as a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]]. During the war, an army of the [[Confederate States of America]], under General [[Fitzhugh Lee]], attacked and shelled the borough during the [[Battle of Carlisle]] on July 1, 1863 as part of the [[Gettysburg Campaign]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} A cannonball dent can still be seen on one of the columns of the historic county courthouse.
United States Army Lieutenant [[Richard Henry Pratt]] founded [[Carlisle Indian Industrial School]] in 1879 as the first federally supported school for [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] off a reservation. The United States government maintained the school, housed at Carlisle Barracks as an experiment in educating Native Americans and teaching them to reject tribal culture and to adapt to white society. Pratt retired from the Army in 1903 and from supervising the school as its superintendent in 1904. Athletic hero [[Jim Thorpe]] entered the school in 1907 and joined its football team under coach [[Glenn Warner|Glenn "Pop" Warner]] in 1908. Playing halfback, Jim Thorpe led the team to startling upset victories over powerhouses [[Harvard Crimson football|Harvard]], [[Army West Point Black Knights football|Army]], and the [[Penn Quakers football|University of Pennsylvania]] in 1911–12, bringing nationwide attention to the school. Marianne Moore taught there c. 1910. Carlisle Indian School closed in 1918.
The [[Dickinson School of Law]] was chartered as an independent institution in 1890. Dickinson School of Law merged into the [[Pennsylvania State University]] in 1997 as [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]].
Carlisle was the original eastern terminus of the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] when it opened in October 1940.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kitsko |first1=Jeffrey |title=Pennsylvania Turnpike |url=http://www.pahighways.com/toll/PATurnpike.html |website=Pennsylvania Highways |access-date=February 2, 2019}}</ref>
The [[Carlisle Historic District (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Historic District]], [[Carlisle Indian School]], [[Hessian Powder Magazine]], [[Carlisle Armory (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Armory]], and [[Old West, Dickinson College]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
==Geography==
Carlisle is located slightly northeast of the center of Cumberland County at {{Coord|40|12|9|N|77|11|42|W|type:city}} (40.202553, −77.195016) at an elevation of {{convert|479|ft|m}}.<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref><ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The borough lies in the [[Cumberland Valley]], a section of the [[Great Appalachian Valley]], to the south of [[Conodoguinet Creek]], a tributary of the [[Susquehanna River]]. Letort Spring Run, a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek, runs north through the eastern part of the borough.
Carlisle lies in south-central Pennsylvania southwest of the intersection of [[Interstate 76 (east)|Interstate 76]] (the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]]) and [[Interstate 81]] roughly {{convert|20|mi}} west-southwest of [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], the state capital. By road it is approximately {{convert|80|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Baltimore]] and {{convert|124|mi|abbr=on}} west-northwest of [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Google Maps | publisher = Google Maps | url = https://maps.google.com | access-date = June 18, 2015}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Carlisle has a total area of {{convert|14.35|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|14.33|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqkm|order=flip|2}}, or 0.14%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>
===Climate===
Carlisle has a [[Humid continental climate|humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dfa'')]] with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The average temperature in Carlisle is 51.3 °F (10.7 °C) with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 16 days a year and dropping below 32 °F (0 °C) an average of 119 days a year. On average, the borough receives 38.8 inches (986 mm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall averages 29.8 inches (757 mm) per year.<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web | title = Historical Weather for Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States of America | publisher = Weatherbase | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=367063&refer=&units=us | access-date = 2010-04-03}}</ref> On average, January is the coolest month, July is the warmest month, and September is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Carlisle was 102 °F (39 °C) in 1966; the coldest temperature recorded was −19 °F (−28 °C) in 1994.<ref name=TWC>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0234 |title=Average weather for Carlisle, PA |access-date= 2010-04-03 |publisher=[[The Weather Channel]]}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Carlisle, Pennsylvania
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 71
|Feb record high F = 77
|Mar record high F = 85
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 95
|Jun record high F = 98
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 89
|Nov record high F = 82
|Dec record high F = 77
|Jan high F = 35
|Feb high F = 39
|Mar high F = 48
|Apr high F = 60
|May high F = 70
|Jun high F = 79
|Jul high F = 83
|Aug high F = 81
|Sep high F = 74
|Oct high F = 62
|Nov high F = 51
|Dec high F = 40
|Jan low F = 20
|Feb low F = 22
|Mar low F = 30
|Apr low F = 39
|May low F = 49
|Jun low F = 58
|Jul low F = 63
|Aug low F = 61
|Sep low F = 53
|Oct low F = 42
|Nov low F = 34
|Dec low F = 25
|Jan record low F = −19
|Feb record low F = −6
|Mar record low F = 2
|Apr record low F = 13
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 37
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 31
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = 6
|Dec record low F = −3
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.17
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.65
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.34
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.35
|May precipitation inch = 4.16
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.18
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.93
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.36
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.28
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.22
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.19
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.99
|Jan snow inch = 9.0
|Feb snow inch = 8.9
|Mar snow inch = 6.1
|Apr snow inch = 0.6
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0
|Nov snow inch = 1.7
|Dec snow inch = 6.0
|source 1 = [[The Weather Channel]];<ref name=TWC/> Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase/>
|date=August 2010
}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1800= 2052
|1810= 2491
|1820= 2908
|1830= 3708
|1840= 4351
|1850= 4581
|1860= 5664
|1870= 6650
|1880= 6209
|1890= 7620
|1900= 9626
|1910= 10303
|1920= 10916
|1930= 12596
|1940= 13984
|1950= 16812
|1960= 16623
|1970= 18079
|1980= 18314
|1990= 18419
|2000= 17970
|2010= 18682
|estyear=2019
|estimate=19198
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 11, 2014|df=mdy|author-link=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
}}
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,970 people, 7,426 households, and 4,010 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,308.9 people per square mile (1,277.8/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 8,032 housing units at an average density of 1,479.0 per square mile (571.1/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the borough was 88.93% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.92% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.60% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.71% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.96% of the population.
There were 7,426 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the borough, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $33,969, and the median income for a family was $46,588. Males had a median income of $34,519 versus $25,646 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,394. About 8.6% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
==Economy==
Leading industries in Carlisle's past have included Carlisle Tire and Rubber Company (founded 1917), Masland Carpets (founded 1866), and The Frog, Switch and Manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frog Switch & Manufacturing Co/The |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FRSW:US |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Carlisle Tire and Rubber and Masland Carpets have since gone out of business, and both plants were demolished in 2013. [[CenturyLink]] maintains a call center in the city, and [[Amazon.com]] is one of several warehouse facilities in the city. In 2013, [[Apple, Inc.|Apple]] opened an [[AppleCare]] device repair facility southeast of the Interstate 81 overpass over the Pennsylvania Turnpike to cover American customers east of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://9to5mac.com/2013/10/29/apple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs/|title=Apple opens up new East Coast U.S. AppleCare center to speed up repairs|last=Gurman|first=Mark|date=29 October 2013|publisher=[[9to5Mac]]|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>
==Arts and culture==
Carlisle is famous to many people for its car shows, put on regularly by Carlisle Events throughout the spring, summer, and fall at the [[Carlisle Fairgrounds]]. In addition to the regularly scheduled shows there are specialty shows, including the GM Nationals, the Ford Nationals, the Chrysler Nationals, the Truck Nationals, Corvettes at Carlisle, and the Import/Kit Car Nationals.
Partly because of its location at the intersection of two major trucking routes ([[I-81]] and [[Interstate 76 (east)|I-76]]), air pollution within the borough often falls within the range considered by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] as "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" [i.e., children, the elderly, and people with respiratory or heart disease]. The pollutant typically involved is PM2.5, [[Atmospheric particulate matter|particulate matter]] composed of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cumberlink.com/news/local/air-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d/article_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Air Quality: It's worse here than in Baltimore, D.C. and Philly - and it's making us sick|last=Croley|first=Christen|date=Apr 25, 2013|website=The Sentinel|language=en|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref>
The Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet (CPYB), a ballet school and performing company known internationally for their alumni, is based in Carlisle.
Carlisle is the headquarters of the [[Giant-Carlisle|Giant Food]] supermarkets in Pennsylvania.
Carlisle was home to the [[Washington Redskins]] training camp for many years. In 1986, cornerback [[Darrell Green]] ran the [[40-yard dash]] at [[Dickinson College]] in 4.09 seconds. Although the result was unofficial, it is the fastest "legitimate" time ever recorded in the 40-yard dash.
Carlisle is mentioned in Season 2, Episode 18 of the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] fantasy series ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]''.
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
* [[Dickinson College]]
* [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]]
* [[United States Army War College]]
===Public school===
*[[Carlisle Area School District]]
===Private schools===
As reported by the National Center for Educational Statistics<ref>ies, National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, Private School Universe Survey 2008</ref>
*Carlisle Christian Academy
*Blue Ridge Mennonite School
*Dickinson College Children's Center
*Hidden Valley School
*St Patrick School
*The Christian School of Grace Baptist Church
==Media==
===Print===
Carlisle has one daily newspaper, ''[[The Sentinel (Pennsylvania)|The Sentinel]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = About this Newspaper: The sentinel. | work = Chronicling America | publisher = [[Library of Congress]] | url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86013742/ | access-date = 2010-04-05}}</ref>
===Radio===
'''AM'''
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1"
|+ align=bottom |
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Frequency'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[Callsign]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=AMQ AM Radio Database Query |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |access-date=2010-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Format'''<ref name=Locator>{{cite web | title = Radio-Locator | publisher = Radio-Locator | url = http://www.radio-locator.com/ | access-date = 2010-04-05}}</ref>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[City of License]]'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Notes'''
|-
|960||[[WHYL]]||[[Adult Standards]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||-
|-
|1000||[[WIOO]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||-
|}
'''FM'''
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1"
|+ align=bottom |
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Frequency'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[Callsign]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=FMQ FM Radio Database Query |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |access-date=2010-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Format'''<ref name=Locator/>
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[City of License]]'''
! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Notes'''
|-
|88.3||[[WDCV-FM]]||[[Variety (U.S. radio)|Variety]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||[[Dickinson College]] [[college radio|radio]]
|-
|93.1||[[WBYO|W226AS]]||[[Contemporary Christian]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Translator of [[WBYO]], [[Sellersville, Pennsylvania]]
|-
|97.9||[[WIOO|W250AP]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Translator of [[WIOO]]
|-
|101.7||[[Family Radio|W269AS]]||[[Christian radio|Christian]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||[[Family Radio]] translator
|-
|102.3||[[WCAT-FM]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Broadcasts from [[Camp Hill, Pennsylvania]]
|}
==Notable people==
* [[Charles Albright (congressman)|Charles Jefferson Albright]] (1816–1883), [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]] from Pennsylvania<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896">{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | location=Chicago | year = 1963}}</ref>
* [[James Armstrong (Pennsylvania)|James Armstrong]], congressman from Pennsylvania<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896"/>
* [[John Armstrong, Jr.]], [[United States Secretary of War]]<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896"/>
* [[Deborah Birx]], American physician and diplomat.
* [[Ashley Bouder]], ballet dancer
* [[Sid Bream]], Major League Baseball player
* [[Jackson Bostwick]], actor
* [[Alice Bridges]], born in 1916, Olympic bronze medalist at age 20 in 100 m swimming event (1936 Berlin Olympics); resided in Carlisle
* [[William Davidson (Pennsylvania representative)|William Davidson]] (1783-1867), Pennsylvania State Senator for the 17th district from 1817 to 1824
* [[Stephen Duncan]], the wealthiest cotton planter in the South prior to Civil War, and second largest slave owner in the country<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Engerman | first1 = Stanley L. | year = 1976 | editor1-last = Owens | editor1-first = Harry P. | title = The Southern Slave Economy | work = Perspectives and Irony in American Slavery | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=G94yBvej-WcC&pg=PP1 | publisher = University Press of Mississippi | page = 107| isbn = 9781617034534 }}</ref>
* [[Cheston Lee Eshelman]], inventor, aviator, manufacturer (Cheston L. Eshelman Company) and automaker (see [[Eshelman]])
* [[Harold J. Greene]] (1955-2014), United States Army soldier<ref name=MortuaryAffairs>{{cite web|url=http://www.mortuary.af.mil/pressreleases/pressreleasearchive/story.asp?id=123420524|title=Army Maj. Gen. Harold J. Greene honored in dignified transfer Aug. 7|work=United States Air Force|publisher=United States Department of the Air Force|author=Air Force Mortuary Affairs|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Arthur Japy Hepburn]] (1877–1964), admiral whose naval career spanned Spanish–American War, World War I, and World War II
* [[John Huzvar]] (1929–2007), football player
* [[Carrie Imler]], ballet dancer
* [[Alexander J. Irwin]], Wisconsin territorial legislator
* [[Robert Irwin, Jr.]], Michigan territorial legislator
* [[John Keeny|J. E. Keeny]], president of [[Louisiana Tech University]] from 1908–1926, born in Carlisle in 1860<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php| title=Keeny, John Ephraim| publisher=[[Louisiana Historical Association]], A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography (lahistory.org)| access-date=December 27, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201234813/http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php| archive-date=December 1, 2010| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[Jeff Lebo]], current men's basketball coach at [[East Carolina University]]
* [[Lois Lowry]], author of children's literature, awarded [[Newbery Medal]] twice; several childhood years were spent in Carlisle, her mother's hometown
* [[Andrew G. Miller]], [[United States federal judge]]
* [[Marianne Moore]], [[Modernism|Modernist]] poet and writer
* [[Billy Owens]], former [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player
* [[Molly Pitcher]] (Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley), heroine at the [[Battle of Monmouth]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]; a statue of her can be seen in Old Cemetery, where she is buried
*[[John T. Smith (congressman)|John T. Smith]] (1801-1864), U.S. Congressman for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1843 to 1845
* [[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]], a [[List of United States Senators from Maryland|U.S. senator]] and [[Maryland's 5th congressional district|congressman]] from Maryland, born in Carlisle in 1752
* [[Abi Stafford]], ballet dancer
* [[Jonathan Stafford]], ballet dancer and artistic director of [[New York City Ballet]]
*[[Robin Thomas]], actor
* [[Jim Thorpe]] (1887-1953), iconic athlete, Olympic gold medalist, football player and coach; considered one of the most versatile athletes in modern sports
*[[Lemuel Todd]] (1817-1891), U.S. congressman, officer in the [[1st Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment]]
* [[Frederick Watts]], U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture (1871–1876) and "Father of [[Penn State University]]"
* [[Samuel Wilkeson]], former mayor of [[Buffalo, New York]]
* [[William Wilkins (U.S. politician)|William Wilkins]] (1779-1865), U.S. Senator 1831-34, U.S. Representative, U.S. Secretary of War
* [[James Wilson (justice)|James Wilson]], signer of [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], twice elected to the [[Continental Congress]], a major force in the drafting of the nation's [[United States Constitution|Constitution]]
* [[Lee Woodall]], former [[National Football League|NFL]] player
* Lt. Col. [[Jay Zeamer, Jr.]], [[World War II]] [[U.S. Army Air Forces]] veteran and Medal of Honor recipient
* [[Eric MacMillen]], Exceptional Paramedic and “okay” Critical Care Nurse; All around exemplary person.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Ridner, Judith. ''A Town In-Between: Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the Early Mid-Atlantic Interior'' ( 2010) [https://www.amazon.com/Town--Between-Carlisle-Pennsylvania-Mid-Atlantic/dp/081224236X/ excerpt and text search]
==External links==
{{Portal|Pennsylvania}}
{{commons category}}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |ref=none |wstitle=Carlisle (Pennsylvania) |volume=5 |page=342 |short=x}}
* [http://www.carlislepa.org/ Borough of Carlisle official website]
* [http://www.visitcumberlandvalley.com Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau]
* [http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks3/carlisle/carlisle.htm Photographs of the Spring Carlisle collector car swap meet – ''Rochester Area Ballparks'']
* [http://www.stahlseite.de/frogswitch.htm Photographs of the Frogswitch foundry in Carlisle]
{{Cumberland County, Pennsylvania}}
{{County Seats of Pennsylvania}}
{{Pennsylvania}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Carlisle, Pennsylvania| ]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]]
[[Category:County seats in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area|C]]
[[Category:Susquehanna Valley]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1751]]
[[Category:1751 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:1782 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:American Civil War sites]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Underground Railroad]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -358,4 +358,5 @@
* [[Lee Woodall]], former [[National Football League|NFL]] player
* Lt. Col. [[Jay Zeamer, Jr.]], [[World War II]] [[U.S. Army Air Forces]] veteran and Medal of Honor recipient
+* [[Eric MacMillen]], Exceptional Paramedic and “okay” Critical Care Nurse; All around exemplary person.
==References==
' |
New page size (new_size) | 38382 |
Old page size (old_size) | 38273 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 109 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '* [[Eric MacMillen]], Exceptional Paramedic and “okay” Critical Care Nurse; All around exemplary person.'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_42.txt',
1 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html',
2 => 'http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx',
4 => 'http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx',
5 => 'https://archive.today/20200213081726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272',
6 => 'http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272',
7 => 'https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html',
8 => 'https://www.visitcumbria.com/car/carlisle-citadel/',
9 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA',
10 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA',
11 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA',
12 => 'http://www.firstprescarlisle.org/our-history/the-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house',
13 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA',
14 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs',
15 => 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Carlisle_(2.)',
16 => 'http://www.pahighways.com/toll/PATurnpike.html',
17 => 'https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP',
18 => 'http://geonames.usgs.gov',
19 => 'https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html',
20 => 'https://maps.google.com',
21 => 'http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=367063&refer=&units=us',
22 => 'http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0234',
23 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html',
24 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FRSW:US',
25 => 'https://9to5mac.com/2013/10/29/apple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs/',
26 => 'https://cumberlink.com/news/local/air-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d/article_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html',
27 => 'http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86013742/',
28 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html',
29 => 'http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html',
30 => 'http://www.radio-locator.com/',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html',
32 => 'http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html',
33 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=G94yBvej-WcC&pg=PP1',
34 => 'http://www.mortuary.af.mil/pressreleases/pressreleasearchive/story.asp?id=123420524',
35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20101201234813/http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php',
36 => 'http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php',
37 => 'http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt',
38 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010228#identifiers',
39 => '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania¶ms=40_12_09_N_77_11_42_W_region:US_type:city',
40 => 'http://www.carlislepa.org',
41 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJI4FzevUw',
42 => '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania¶ms=40_12_9_N_77_11_42_W_type:city',
43 => 'https://www.amazon.com/Town--Between-Carlisle-Pennsylvania-Mid-Atlantic/dp/081224236X/',
44 => 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carlisle_(Pennsylvania)',
45 => 'http://www.carlislepa.org/',
46 => 'http://www.visitcumberlandvalley.com',
47 => 'http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks3/carlisle/carlisle.htm',
48 => 'http://www.stahlseite.de/frogswitch.htm',
49 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4415640-6',
50 => 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50057757',
51 => 'https://musicbrainz.org/area/dafcea66-b7e0-4176-8db5-d411e4e7d32f',
52 => 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045518',
53 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/131317084',
54 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50057757'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania¶ms=40_12_09_N_77_11_42_W_region:US_type:city',
1 => '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania¶ms=40_12_09_N_77_11_42_W_region:US_type:city',
2 => '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania¶ms=40_12_9_N_77_11_42_W_type:city',
3 => '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania¶ms=40_12_9_N_77_11_42_W_type:city',
4 => 'http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86013742/',
5 => 'http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272',
6 => 'http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt',
7 => 'http://geonames.usgs.gov',
8 => 'http://www.carlislepa.org',
9 => 'http://www.carlislepa.org/',
10 => 'http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html',
11 => 'http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html',
12 => 'http://www.firstprescarlisle.org/our-history/the-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house',
13 => 'http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks3/carlisle/carlisle.htm',
14 => 'http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php',
15 => 'http://www.mortuary.af.mil/pressreleases/pressreleasearchive/story.asp?id=123420524',
16 => 'http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx',
17 => 'http://www.pahighways.com/toll/PATurnpike.html',
18 => 'http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers',
19 => 'http://www.radio-locator.com/',
20 => 'http://www.stahlseite.de/frogswitch.htm',
21 => 'http://www.visitcumberlandvalley.com',
22 => 'http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0234',
23 => 'http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=367063&refer=&units=us',
24 => 'https://9to5mac.com/2013/10/29/apple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs/',
25 => 'https://archive.today/20200213081726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272',
26 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=G94yBvej-WcC&pg=PP1',
27 => 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045518',
28 => 'https://cumberlink.com/news/local/air-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d/article_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html',
29 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4415640-6',
30 => 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carlisle_(Pennsylvania)',
31 => 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Carlisle_(2.)',
32 => 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50057757',
33 => 'https://maps.google.com',
34 => 'https://musicbrainz.org/area/dafcea66-b7e0-4176-8db5-d411e4e7d32f',
35 => 'https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP',
36 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/131317084',
37 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html',
38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html',
39 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20101201234813/http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php',
40 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx',
41 => 'https://www.amazon.com/Town--Between-Carlisle-Pennsylvania-Mid-Atlantic/dp/081224236X/',
42 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FRSW:US',
43 => 'https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html',
44 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html',
45 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html',
46 => 'https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html',
47 => 'https://www.visitcumbria.com/car/carlisle-citadel/',
48 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA',
49 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA',
50 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA',
51 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA',
52 => 'https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs',
53 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010228#identifiers',
54 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50057757',
55 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJI4FzevUw',
56 => 'https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_42.txt'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Borough in Pennsylvania, United States</div><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Carlisle, Pennsylvania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category">Borough</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Carlisle,_Pennsylvania.jpg" class="image" title="Downtown Carlisle"><img alt="Downtown Carlisle" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Carlisle%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/250px-Carlisle%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Downtown Carlisle</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;">
<div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Carlisle_coat_of_arms.jpg" class="image" title="Official seal of Carlisle, Pennsylvania"><img alt="Official seal of Carlisle, Pennsylvania" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Carlisle_coat_of_arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="90" /></a><div style="padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 0;">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Motto(s): <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">"Excellence in Community Service"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg" class="image" title="Location of Carlisle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania."><img alt="Location of Carlisle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg/250px-Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg/375px-Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg/500px-Cumberland_County_Pennsylvania_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Carlisle_Highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="201" /></a><div style="padding:0.3em 0 0 0;">Location of Carlisle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997900035">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg" class="image" title="Carlisle is located in Pennsylvania"><img alt="Carlisle is located in Pennsylvania" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="805" /></a><div class="od" style="top:78.047%;left:56.532%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Carlisle" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Carlisle" width="6" height="6" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:4px"><div>Carlisle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Pennsylvania and the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pennsylvania</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997900035"/><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="image" title="Carlisle is located in the United States"><img alt="Carlisle is located in the United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od" style="top:39.109%;left:80.819%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Carlisle" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Carlisle" width="6" height="6" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:4px"><div>Carlisle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Carlisle (the United States)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania&params=40_12_09_N_77_11_42_W_region:US_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°12′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°11′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.20250°N 77.19500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.20250; -77.19500</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania&params=40_12_09_N_77_11_42_W_region:US_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°12′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°11′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.20250°N 77.19500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.20250; -77.19500</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td>United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of counties in Pennsylvania">County</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Cumberland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Settled</th><td>1751</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Incorporated</th><td>1782</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, England</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Type</th><td>Borough Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Mayor</th><td>Tim Scott</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Deputy Mayor</th><td>Sean M. Shultz</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-1">[1]</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Total</th><td>5.43 sq mi (14.07 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Land</th><td>5.42 sq mi (14.05 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Water</th><td>0.01 sq mi (0.02 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Elevation<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>479 ft (146 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Total</th><td>18,682</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Estimate <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-2">[2]</a></sup></div></th><td>19,198</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Density</th><td>3,539.45/sq mi (1,366.69/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC-5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5">UTC-5</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Eastern_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Eastern Time Zone">Eastern (EST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC-4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4">UTC-4</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP codes</a></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">17013, 17015</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area_codes_717_and_223" title="Area codes 717 and 223">717 and 223</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td>42-11272</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlislepa.org">www<wbr />.carlislepa<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="border:4px solid navy; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;">
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers" title="List of Pennsylvania state historical markers">Pennsylvania Historical Marker</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Designated</th><td>July 30, 1947<sup id="cite_ref-PAHMDB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAHMDB-3">[3]</a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">
</th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Carlisle</b> is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">borough</a> in and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Cumberland County</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-4">[4]</a></sup> Carlisle is located within the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_Valley" title="Cumberland Valley">Cumberland Valley</a>, a highly productive agricultural region. As of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a>, the borough population was 18,682;<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-5">[5]</a></sup> the estimated population as of 2019 was 19,198.<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019-6">[6]</a></sup> Including suburbs in the neighboring townships, 37,695 live in the Carlisle urban cluster. Carlisle is the smaller principal city of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a>−Carlisle <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg metropolitan area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a>, which includes all of Cumberland, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Dauphin County, Pennsylvania">Dauphin</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Perry County, Pennsylvania">Perry</a> counties in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Central_Pennsylvania" title="South Central Pennsylvania">South Central Pennsylvania</a>. In 2010, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> rated Carlisle and Harrisburg the second-best place to raise a family.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Army_War_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army War College">U.S. Army War College</a>, located at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Barracks" title="Carlisle Barracks">Carlisle Barracks</a>, prepares high-level military personnel and civilians for strategic leadership responsibilities. Carlisle Barracks ranks among the oldest U.S. Army installations and the most senior military educational institution in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. Carlisle Barracks is home of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Army_Heritage_and_Education_Center" title="U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center">United States Army Heritage and Education Center</a>, an archives and museum complex open to the public. Carlisle also hosts <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_State_Dickinson_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State Dickinson School of Law">Penn State Dickinson School of Law</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahold" title="Ahold">Ahold</a>'s U.S. headquarters are in Carlisle.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Arts_and_culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Arts and culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Colleges and universities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Public_school"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Public school</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Private_schools"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Private schools</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Print"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Print</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Radio"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Radio</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scots-Irish</a> immigrants farmed the Cumberland Valley beginning in the early 1730s. The town of Carlisle, at the intersection of several Indian trails, was designated by the Pennsylvania assembly and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> family in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County (named for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland County, England</a>). American pioneer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Armstrong_Sr." title="John Armstrong Sr.">John Armstrong Sr.</a>, a surveyor for the Penn family, laid the plan for the town of Carlisle in 1751. He settled there and fathered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a> in 1758. They named the settlement after its sister town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> (now in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>), England, and even built its former jailhouse (which Cumberland County now uses as general government offices) to resemble The Citadel in the English city.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>On the frontier confronting hostile Native American tribes who were defending against the violent larceny of their land, the town built a stockade for protection in 1753. Upgraded by the colony in 1755, it was called Ft. Carlisle (also called Ft. Lowther).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> In 1757, Colonel Commandant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Stanwix" title="John Stanwix">John Stanwix</a>—for whom <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Stanwix" title="Fort Stanwix">Fort Stanwix</a> in upstate New York is named—–made his headquarters in Carlisle, PA, and was promoted to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a> on December 27 of that year. Stanwix had sat in Parliament as Member for Carlisle (England) during the 1740s. Later during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">French and Indian Wars</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a> organized in Carlisle in 1758, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Bouquet" title="Henry Bouquet">Henry Bouquet</a> organized an expedition there for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a>, the last conflict of the war, in 1763.
</p><p>
The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Guide_Series" title="American Guide Series">Pennsylvania guide</a>, compiled by the Writers' Program of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> in 1940, described the early history of Carlisle's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_square" class="mw-redirect" title="Public square">public square</a> and the physical changes that had occurred by the first half of the 20th century, noting that the square, located at the<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996844942">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>intersection of Hanover and High Sts., is now hardly recognizable as such, for the market house, courthouse, and church have encroached on it. But in the early days its limits were clearly defined. The square was the camping ground of Indian delegations in the tense days when the French were invading the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ohio_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Valley">Ohio Valley</a>, the gathering place of Revolutionary mass meetings, and the nucleus of a compact little settlement. Here occurred the touching reunion of the Indian captive, Regina, and her mother, after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Bouquet" title="Henry Bouquet">Colonel Bouquet</a> had forced the conquered tribes to surrender their prisoners in 1764. Regina, a German girl whose family name is given variously as Hartman and Leininger, had been taken captive when small, and had forgotten her mother. With tears coursing down her cheeks the mother then sang a song she once had used as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lullaby" title="Lullaby">lullaby</a>:</p><div style="margin-left: 2em;" class="poem">
<p><i>Allein, und doch nicht ganz allein,<br /></i>
<i>Bin ich in meiner einsamkeit.<br /></i>
<br />
[Alone, yet not alone am I, in this<br />
my solitude]
</p>
</div><p> and the long lost daughter rushed into her mother's arms.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Federal Writers'Project, "Part II: Cities and Towns", <i>Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State</i> (1940)</cite></div></blockquote>
<p>Frontier freedom mentality and years of war bred in Cumberland County fierce freedom fighters in the Revolutionary War.
In the town stands the home of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Wilson_(justice)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Wilson (justice)">James Wilson</a>, early Carlisle lawyer, and representative to the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the framers of the U. S. Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
The First Presbyterian Church, begun in 1757 and completed in 1770, the oldest building in Carlisle, is where the Rev. Capt John Steele, "The Fighting Parson," preached his fiery sermons for God and freedom and where colonists met July 12, 1774, to sign a document protesting the Boston Port Acts.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> A year later Carlisle supplied a contingent for the first regiment of the Continental Army. Rev. Capt. John Steel was named commander of the leading company of this group when they marched from Carlisle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
No longer standing but marked by a historical marker is the home of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ephraim_Blaine" title="Ephraim Blaine">Ephraim Blaine</a>, Commissary General of Revolutionary Army.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
Also, no longer standing but commemorated, is the home of Gen. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Armstrong_Sr." title="John Armstrong Sr.">John Armstrong Sr.</a>, "Hero of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kittanning_Expedition" title="Kittanning Expedition">Kittanning</a>," Revolutionary officer, and member of the Continental Congress.
Still standing is the gun shop of Thomas Butler Sr., an Irish immigrant, who manufactured Pennsylvania long rifles for the French and Indian War. He later became Chief Armorer for The First Continental Congress. He and his five sons served in the Revolutionary War and were known as "The Fighting Butlers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> His eldest son was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Butler_(general)" title="Richard Butler (general)">Richard Butler (general)</a>.
</p><p>Carlisle also served as a munitions depot during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The depot was later developed into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">United States Army War College</a> at Carlisle Barracks. Revolutionary War legend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Molly_Pitcher" title="Molly Pitcher">Molly Pitcher</a> died in the borough in 1832, and her body lies buried in the Old Public Graveyard. A hotel was built in her honor, called the Molly Pitcher Hotel; it has since been renovated to house apartments for senior citizens.
</p><p>Carlisle was incorporated as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">borough</a> a few years after the war on April 13, 1782. Carlisle continued to play a part in the early development in the United States through the end of the century: In response to a planned march in favor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> in 1787, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-Federalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Federalists">Anti-Federalists</a> instigated a riot in Carlisle. A decade later, during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> in 1794, the troops of Pennsylvania and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> assembled in Carlisle under the leadership of President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> While in Carlisle, the president worshiped in the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Hanover Street and High Street.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a>, a signer of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, developed Carlisle Grammar School in 1773 and chartered it as Dickinson College—the first new college founded in the newly recognized United States. One of the college's more famous alumni, the 15th U.S. president, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>, graduated in 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickinson School of Law">Dickinson School of Law</a>, founded in 1834 and affiliated then with Dickinson College, ranks as the fifth-oldest law school in the United States and the oldest law school in Pennsylvania.
</p><p>A general borough law of 1851 (amended in 1852) authorized a burgess and a borough council to administer the government of the borough of Carlisle.
</p>
<table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width: 210px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:115%">External video</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Carlisle,_Pennsylvania_(5656229890).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Carlisle, Pennsylvania (5656229890).jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Carlisle%2C_Pennsylvania_%285656229890%29.jpg/210px-Carlisle%2C_Pennsylvania_%285656229890%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJI4FzevUw">Cumberland County Courthouse Tour</a>, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 29:27</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Leading up to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Carlisle served as a stop on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>. During the war, an army of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, under General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitzhugh_Lee" title="Fitzhugh Lee">Fitzhugh Lee</a>, attacked and shelled the borough during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Carlisle" title="Battle of Carlisle">Battle of Carlisle</a> on July 1, 1863 as part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Campaign">Gettysburg Campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-19">[19]</a></sup> A cannonball dent can still be seen on one of the columns of the historic county courthouse.
</p><p>United States Army Lieutenant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Henry_Pratt" title="Richard Henry Pratt">Richard Henry Pratt</a> founded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School" title="Carlisle Indian Industrial School">Carlisle Indian Industrial School</a> in 1879 as the first federally supported school for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indians</a> off a reservation. The United States government maintained the school, housed at Carlisle Barracks as an experiment in educating Native Americans and teaching them to reject tribal culture and to adapt to white society. Pratt retired from the Army in 1903 and from supervising the school as its superintendent in 1904. Athletic hero <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" title="Jim Thorpe">Jim Thorpe</a> entered the school in 1907 and joined its football team under coach <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Warner">Glenn "Pop" Warner</a> in 1908. Playing halfback, Jim Thorpe led the team to startling upset victories over powerhouses <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_football" title="Harvard Crimson football">Harvard</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Army_West_Point_Black_Knights_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Army West Point Black Knights football">Army</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_Quakers_football" title="Penn Quakers football">University of Pennsylvania</a> in 1911–12, bringing nationwide attention to the school. Marianne Moore taught there c. 1910. Carlisle Indian School closed in 1918.
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickinson School of Law">Dickinson School of Law</a> was chartered as an independent institution in 1890. Dickinson School of Law merged into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a> in 1997 as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_State_Dickinson_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State Dickinson School of Law">Penn State Dickinson School of Law</a>.
</p><p>Carlisle was the original eastern terminus of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> when it opened in October 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Historic_District_(Carlisle,_Pennsylvania)" title="Carlisle Historic District (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)">Carlisle Historic District</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle Indian School">Carlisle Indian School</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hessian_Powder_Magazine" title="Hessian Powder Magazine">Hessian Powder Magazine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Armory_(Carlisle,_Pennsylvania)" title="Carlisle Armory (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)">Carlisle Armory</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_West,_Dickinson_College" title="Old West, Dickinson College">Old West, Dickinson College</a> are listed on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nris_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span></h2>
<p>Carlisle is located slightly northeast of the center of Cumberland County at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlisle,_Pennsylvania&params=40_12_9_N_77_11_42_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°12′9″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°11′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.20250°N 77.19500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.20250; -77.19500</span></span></span></a></span> (40.202553, −77.195016) at an elevation of 479 feet (146 m).<sup id="cite_ref-GR3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR3-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-23">[23]</a></sup> The borough lies in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_Valley" title="Cumberland Valley">Cumberland Valley</a>, a section of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Valley" title="Great Appalachian Valley">Great Appalachian Valley</a>, to the south of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conodoguinet_Creek" title="Conodoguinet Creek">Conodoguinet Creek</a>, a tributary of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a>. Letort Spring Run, a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek, runs north through the eastern part of the borough.
</p><p>Carlisle lies in south-central Pennsylvania southwest of the intersection of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_76_(east)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 76 (east)">Interstate 76</a> (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a>) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_81" title="Interstate 81">Interstate 81</a> roughly 20 miles (32 km) west-southwest of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a>, the state capital. By road it is approximately 80 mi (130 km) northwest of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> and 124 mi (200 km) west-northwest of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Carlisle has a total area of 5.54 square miles (14.35 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 5.53 square miles (14.33 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.02 km<sup>2</sup>), or 0.14%, is water.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span></h3>
<p>Carlisle has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate (Köppen <i>Dfa</i>)</a> with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The average temperature in Carlisle is 51.3 °F (10.7 °C) with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 16 days a year and dropping below 32 °F (0 °C) an average of 119 days a year. On average, the borough receives 38.8 inches (986 mm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall averages 29.8 inches (757 mm) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weatherbase-25">[25]</a></sup> On average, January is the coolest month, July is the warmest month, and September is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Carlisle was 102 °F (39 °C) in 1966; the coldest temperature recorded was −19 °F (−28 °C) in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-TWC_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWC-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<div>
<table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="14">Climate data for Carlisle, Pennsylvania
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Month
</th>
<th scope="col">Jan
</th>
<th scope="col">Feb
</th>
<th scope="col">Mar
</th>
<th scope="col">Apr
</th>
<th scope="col">May
</th>
<th scope="col">Jun
</th>
<th scope="col">Jul
</th>
<th scope="col">Aug
</th>
<th scope="col">Sep
</th>
<th scope="col">Oct
</th>
<th scope="col">Nov
</th>
<th scope="col">Dec
</th>
<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;">71<br />(22)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;">77<br />(25)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">85<br />(29)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;">93<br />(34)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;">95<br />(35)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">98<br />(37)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;">102<br />(39)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100<br />(38)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">98<br />(37)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;">89<br />(32)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;">82<br />(28)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;">77<br />(25)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">102<br />(39)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;">35<br />(2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">39<br />(4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;">48<br />(9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;">60<br />(16)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;">70<br />(21)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;">79<br />(26)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;">83<br />(28)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;">81<br />(27)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;">74<br />(23)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;">62<br />(17)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;">51<br />(11)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">40<br />(4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">60<br />(16)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;">20<br />(−7)
</td>
<td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;">22<br />(−6)
</td>
<td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">30<br />(−1)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">39<br />(4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;">49<br />(9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;">58<br />(14)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;">63<br />(17)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;">61<br />(16)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;">53<br />(12)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">42<br />(6)
</td>
<td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">34<br />(1)
</td>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">25<br />(−4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">41<br />(5)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−19<br />(−28)
</td>
<td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;">−6<br />(−21)
</td>
<td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;">2<br />(−17)
</td>
<td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;">13<br />(−11)
</td>
<td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;">26<br />(−3)
</td>
<td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">37<br />(3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;">44<br />(7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">42<br />(6)
</td>
<td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">31<br />(−1)
</td>
<td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;">20<br />(−7)
</td>
<td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;">6<br />(−14)
</td>
<td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;">−3<br />(−19)
</td>
<td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−19<br />(−28)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm)
</th>
<td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;">3.17<br />(81)
</td>
<td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;">2.65<br />(67)
</td>
<td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;">3.34<br />(85)
</td>
<td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;">3.35<br />(85)
</td>
<td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;">4.16<br />(106)
</td>
<td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;">4.18<br />(106)
</td>
<td style="background: #6969FF; color:#FFFFFF;">3.93<br />(100)
</td>
<td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;">3.36<br />(85)
</td>
<td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">4.28<br />(109)
</td>
<td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;">3.22<br />(82)
</td>
<td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;">3.19<br />(81)
</td>
<td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;">2.99<br />(76)
</td>
<td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">41.82<br />(1,063)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm)
</th>
<td style="background: #0000A7; color:#FFFFFF;">9.0<br />(23)
</td>
<td style="background: #000085; color:#FFFFFF;">8.9<br />(23)
</td>
<td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">6.1<br />(15)
</td>
<td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;">0.6<br />(1.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;">1.7<br />(4.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">6.0<br />(15)
</td>
<td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">32.3<br />(81.8)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-TWC_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWC-26">[26]</a></sup> Weatherbase<sup id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weatherbase-25">[25]</a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span></h2>
<table class="toccolours" style="border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="4" class="navbox-title" style="padding-right:3px; padding-left:3px; font-size:110%; text-align:center">Historical population
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">Census</th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr>
</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1800_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1800 United States Census">1800</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">2,052</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">—</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1810_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1810 United States Census">1810</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">2,491</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">21.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1820_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1820 United States Census">1820</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">2,908</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">16.7%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1830_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1830 United States Census">1830</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">3,708</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">27.5%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1840_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1840 United States Census">1840</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">4,351</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">17.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1850_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1850 United States Census">1850</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">4,581</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">5.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1860_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 United States Census">1860</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">5,664</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">23.6%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1870_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1870 United States Census">1870</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">6,650</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">17.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1880_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1880 United States Census">1880</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">6,209</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−6.6%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1890_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1890 United States Census">1890</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">7,620</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">22.7%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1900_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 United States Census">1900</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">9,626</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">26.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1910_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 United States Census">1910</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">10,303</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">7.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1920_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 United States Census">1920</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">10,916</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">5.9%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1930_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 United States Census">1930</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">12,596</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">15.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 United States Census">1940</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">13,984</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">11.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Census">1950</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">16,812</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">20.2%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 United States Census">1960</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">16,623</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−1.1%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States Census">1970</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">18,079</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">8.8%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">18,314</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">1.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Census">1990</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">18,419</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">0.6%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">17,970</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">18,682</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">4.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b>2019 (est.)</b></td><td style="padding-left:0px;">19,198</td><td style="font-size:85%"><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-2">[2]</a></sup></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>As of the census of 2000, there were 17,970 people, 7,426 households, and 4,010 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,308.9 people per square mile (1,277.8/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 8,032 housing units at an average density of 1,479.0 per square mile (571.1/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the borough was 88.93% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 6.92% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.14% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.60% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.02% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.71% from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 1.69% from two or more races. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 1.96% of the population.
</p><p>There were 7,426 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.81.
</p><p>In the borough, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.
</p><p>The median income for a household in the borough was $33,969, and the median income for a family was $46,588. Males had a median income of $34,519 versus $25,646 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,394. About 8.6% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span></h2>
<p>Leading industries in Carlisle's past have included Carlisle Tire and Rubber Company (founded 1917), Masland Carpets (founded 1866), and The Frog, Switch and Manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> Carlisle Tire and Rubber and Masland Carpets have since gone out of business, and both plants were demolished in 2013. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CenturyLink" class="mw-redirect" title="CenturyLink">CenturyLink</a> maintains a call center in the city, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> is one of several warehouse facilities in the city. In 2013, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apple,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc.">Apple</a> opened an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AppleCare" title="AppleCare">AppleCare</a> device repair facility southeast of the Interstate 81 overpass over the Pennsylvania Turnpike to cover American customers east of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</span></h2>
<p>Carlisle is famous to many people for its car shows, put on regularly by Carlisle Events throughout the spring, summer, and fall at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Fairgrounds" title="Carlisle Fairgrounds">Carlisle Fairgrounds</a>. In addition to the regularly scheduled shows there are specialty shows, including the GM Nationals, the Ford Nationals, the Chrysler Nationals, the Truck Nationals, Corvettes at Carlisle, and the Import/Kit Car Nationals.
</p><p>Partly because of its location at the intersection of two major trucking routes (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I-81" class="mw-redirect" title="I-81">I-81</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_76_(east)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 76 (east)">I-76</a>), air pollution within the borough often falls within the range considered by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> as "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" [i.e., children, the elderly, and people with respiratory or heart disease]. The pollutant typically involved is PM2.5, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric particulate matter">particulate matter</a> composed of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet (CPYB), a ballet school and performing company known internationally for their alumni, is based in Carlisle.
</p><p>Carlisle is the headquarters of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giant-Carlisle" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant-Carlisle">Giant Food</a> supermarkets in Pennsylvania.
</p><p>Carlisle was home to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Redskins" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Redskins">Washington Redskins</a> training camp for many years. In 1986, cornerback <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darrell_Green" title="Darrell Green">Darrell Green</a> ran the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/40-yard_dash" title="40-yard dash">40-yard dash</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a> in 4.09 seconds. Although the result was unofficial, it is the fastest "legitimate" time ever recorded in the 40-yard dash.
</p><p>Carlisle is mentioned in Season 2, Episode 18 of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> fantasy series <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_State_Dickinson_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State Dickinson School of Law">Penn State Dickinson School of Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">United States Army War College</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_school">Public school</span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlisle_Area_School_District" title="Carlisle Area School District">Carlisle Area School District</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Private_schools">Private schools</span></h3>
<p>As reported by the National Center for Educational Statistics<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Carlisle Christian Academy</li>
<li>Blue Ridge Mennonite School</li>
<li>Dickinson College Children's Center</li>
<li>Hidden Valley School</li>
<li>St Patrick School</li>
<li>The Christian School of Grace Baptist Church</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Print">Print</span></h3>
<p>Carlisle has one daily newspaper, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Sentinel_(Pennsylvania)" title="The Sentinel (Pennsylvania)">The Sentinel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Radio">Radio</span></h3>
<p><b>AM</b>
</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
<caption align="bottom">
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b>Frequency</b>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Callsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Callsign">Callsign</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b>Format</b><sup id="cite_ref-Locator_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Locator-34">[34]</a></sup>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_License" class="mw-redirect" title="City of License">City of License</a></b>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b>Notes</b>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>960</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WHYL" title="WHYL">WHYL</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adult_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Standards">Adult Standards</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td>-
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1000</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WIOO" title="WIOO">WIOO</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td>-
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>FM</b>
</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
<caption align="bottom">
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b>Frequency</b>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Callsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Callsign">Callsign</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b>Format</b><sup id="cite_ref-Locator_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Locator-34">[34]</a></sup>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_License" class="mw-redirect" title="City of License">City of License</a></b>
</th>
<th style="background:#fcc;"><b>Notes</b>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>88.3</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WDCV-FM" title="WDCV-FM">WDCV-FM</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Variety_(U.S._radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variety (U.S. radio) (page does not exist)">Variety</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="College radio">radio</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>93.1</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WBYO" title="WBYO">W226AS</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contemporary_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Christian">Contemporary Christian</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td>Translator of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WBYO" title="WBYO">WBYO</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sellersville,_Pennsylvania" title="Sellersville, Pennsylvania">Sellersville, Pennsylvania</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>97.9</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WIOO" title="WIOO">W250AP</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td>Translator of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WIOO" title="WIOO">WIOO</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>101.7</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">W269AS</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_radio" title="Christian radio">Christian</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">Family Radio</a> translator
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>102.3</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WCAT-FM" title="WCAT-FM">WCAT-FM</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></td>
<td>Carlisle, Pennsylvania</td>
<td>Broadcasts from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camp_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Camp Hill, Pennsylvania">Camp Hill, Pennsylvania</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Albright_(congressman)" title="Charles Albright (congressman)">Charles Jefferson Albright</a> (1816–1883), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">congressman</a> from Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-36">[36]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Armstrong_(Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Armstrong (Pennsylvania)">James Armstrong</a>, congressman from Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-36">[36]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Armstrong,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Armstrong, Jr.">John Armstrong, Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a><sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-36">[36]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a>, American physician and diplomat.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashley_Bouder" title="Ashley Bouder">Ashley Bouder</a>, ballet dancer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sid_Bream" title="Sid Bream">Sid Bream</a>, Major League Baseball player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackson_Bostwick" title="Jackson Bostwick">Jackson Bostwick</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alice_Bridges" title="Alice Bridges">Alice Bridges</a>, born in 1916, Olympic bronze medalist at age 20 in 100 m swimming event (1936 Berlin Olympics); resided in Carlisle</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Davidson_(Pennsylvania_representative)" title="William Davidson (Pennsylvania representative)">William Davidson</a> (1783-1867), Pennsylvania State Senator for the 17th district from 1817 to 1824</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Duncan" title="Stephen Duncan">Stephen Duncan</a>, the wealthiest cotton planter in the South prior to Civil War, and second largest slave owner in the country<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheston_Lee_Eshelman" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheston Lee Eshelman">Cheston Lee Eshelman</a>, inventor, aviator, manufacturer (Cheston L. Eshelman Company) and automaker (see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eshelman" title="Eshelman">Eshelman</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_J._Greene" title="Harold J. Greene">Harold J. Greene</a> (1955-2014), United States Army soldier<sup id="cite_ref-MortuaryAffairs_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortuaryAffairs-38">[38]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Japy_Hepburn" title="Arthur Japy Hepburn">Arthur Japy Hepburn</a> (1877–1964), admiral whose naval career spanned Spanish–American War, World War I, and World War II</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Huzvar" title="John Huzvar">John Huzvar</a> (1929–2007), football player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carrie_Imler" title="Carrie Imler">Carrie Imler</a>, ballet dancer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_J._Irwin" title="Alexander J. Irwin">Alexander J. Irwin</a>, Wisconsin territorial legislator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Irwin,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Irwin, Jr.">Robert Irwin, Jr.</a>, Michigan territorial legislator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=John_Keeny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Keeny (page does not exist)">J. E. Keeny</a>, president of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana_Tech_University" title="Louisiana Tech University">Louisiana Tech University</a> from 1908–1926, born in Carlisle in 1860<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Lebo" title="Jeff Lebo">Jeff Lebo</a>, current men's basketball coach at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Carolina_University" title="East Carolina University">East Carolina University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lois_Lowry" title="Lois Lowry">Lois Lowry</a>, author of children's literature, awarded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newbery_Medal" title="Newbery Medal">Newbery Medal</a> twice; several childhood years were spent in Carlisle, her mother's hometown</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_G._Miller" title="Andrew G. Miller">Andrew G. Miller</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States federal judge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Marianne Moore</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernist</a> poet and writer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Owens" title="Billy Owens">Billy Owens</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Molly_Pitcher" title="Molly Pitcher">Molly Pitcher</a> (Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley), heroine at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>; a statue of her can be seen in Old Cemetery, where she is buried</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_T._Smith_(congressman)" title="John T. Smith (congressman)">John T. Smith</a> (1801-1864), U.S. Congressman for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1843 to 1845</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Samuel Smith</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Maryland">U.S. senator</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 5th congressional district">congressman</a> from Maryland, born in Carlisle in 1752</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abi_Stafford" title="Abi Stafford">Abi Stafford</a>, ballet dancer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Stafford" title="Jonathan Stafford">Jonathan Stafford</a>, ballet dancer and artistic director of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robin_Thomas" title="Robin Thomas">Robin Thomas</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" title="Jim Thorpe">Jim Thorpe</a> (1887-1953), iconic athlete, Olympic gold medalist, football player and coach; considered one of the most versatile athletes in modern sports</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lemuel_Todd" title="Lemuel Todd">Lemuel Todd</a> (1817-1891), U.S. congressman, officer in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1st_Pennsylvania_Reserve_Regiment" title="1st Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment">1st Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_Watts" title="Frederick Watts">Frederick Watts</a>, U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture (1871–1876) and "Father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State University">Penn State University</a>"</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Wilkeson" title="Samuel Wilkeson">Samuel Wilkeson</a>, former mayor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Wilkins_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wilkins (U.S. politician)">William Wilkins</a> (1779-1865), U.S. Senator 1831-34, U.S. Representative, U.S. Secretary of War</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Wilson_(justice)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Wilson (justice)">James Wilson</a>, signer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, twice elected to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a>, a major force in the drafting of the nation's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Woodall" title="Lee Woodall">Lee Woodall</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> player</li>
<li>Lt. Col. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Zeamer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Zeamer, Jr.">Jay Zeamer, Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a> veteran and Medal of Honor recipient</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Eric_MacMillen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric MacMillen (page does not exist)">Eric MacMillen</a>, Exceptional Paramedic and “okay” Critical Care Nurse; All around exemplary person.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_42.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_42.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a>. United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PAHMDB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PAHMDB_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_historical_marker_program/2539/search_for_historical_markers">"PHMC Historical Markers Search"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Searchable database)</span>. <i>Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission</i>. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+Historical+and+Museum+Commission&rft.atitle=PHMC+Historical+Markers+Search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portal.state.pa.us%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2Fpennsylvania_historical_marker_program%2F2539%2Fsearch_for_historical_markers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GR6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">the original</a> on May 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+County&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Census_2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213081726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272">"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Carlisle borough, Pennsylvania"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272">the original</a> on February 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographic+Identifiers%3A+2010+Census+Summary+File+1+%28G001%29%3A+Carlisle+borough%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+American+Factfinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FDEC%2F10_SF1%2FG001%2F1600000US4211272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2019-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLevy2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Levy, Francesca (June 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html">"America's Best Places to Raise a Family"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft.atitle=America%27s+Best+Places+to+Raise+a+Family&rft.date=2010-06-07&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F04%2Fbest-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitcumbria.com/car/carlisle-citadel/">"Carlisle Citadel"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlisle+Citadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitcumbria.com%2Fcar%2Fcarlisle-citadel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA">"Carlisle Fort - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"</a>. <i>www.waymarking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waymarking.com&rft.atitle=Carlisle+Fort+-+Carlisle%2C+PA+-+Pennsylvania+Historical+Markers+on+Waymarking.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project1940" class="citation book cs1">Federal Writers' Project (1940). <i>Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State</i> (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Keystone+State&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=197&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1940&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA">"James Wilson - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"</a>. <i>www.waymarking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waymarking.com&rft.atitle=James+Wilson+-+Carlisle%2C+PA+-+Pennsylvania+Historical+Markers+on+Waymarking.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA">"First Presbyterian Church - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"</a>. <i>www.waymarking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waymarking.com&rft.atitle=First+Presbyterian+Church+-+Carlisle%2C+PA+-+Pennsylvania+Historical+Markers+on+Waymarking.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt">http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstprescarlisle.org/our-history/the-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house">"The Rocky Road to the Meeting House | First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle"</a>. Firstprescarlisle.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rocky+Road+to+the+Meeting+House+%26%23124%3B+First+Presbyterian+Church+of+Carlisle&rft.pub=Firstprescarlisle.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstprescarlisle.org%2Four-history%2Fthe-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA">"Blaine House - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"</a>. <i>www.waymarking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waymarking.com&rft.atitle=Blaine+House+-+Carlisle%2C+PA+-+Pennsylvania+Historical+Markers+on+Waymarking.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs">"Thomas Butler - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"</a>. <i>www.waymarking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waymarking.com&rft.atitle=Thomas+Butler+-+Carlisle%2C+PA+-+Pennsylvania+Historical+Markers+on+Waymarking.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEB1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Carlisle (2.)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Carlisle_(2.)">"Carlisle (2.)" </a></span>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, <b>5</b> (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 110</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carlisle+%282.%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=110&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="Klein" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Philip S. (1962). <i>President James Buchanan: A Biography</i> (1995 ed.). Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press. pp. 9–12. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945707-11-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-945707-11-8"><bdi>0-945707-11-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=President+James+Buchanan%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Newtown%2C+CT&rft.pages=9-12&rft.edition=1995&rft.pub=American+Political+Biography+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-945707-11-8&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Philip+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1878"><i>EB</i> (1878)</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKitsko" class="citation web cs1">Kitsko, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pahighways.com/toll/PATurnpike.html">"Pennsylvania Turnpike"</a>. <i>Pennsylvania Highways</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+Highways&rft.atitle=Pennsylvania+Turnpike&rft.aulast=Kitsko&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pahighways.com%2Ftoll%2FPATurnpike.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nris-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GR3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR3_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.usgs.gov">"US Board on Geographic Names"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. October 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Board+on+Geographic+Names&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GR1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR1_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html">"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. February 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files%3A+2010%2C+2000%2C+and+1990&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2Ftime-series%2Fgeo%2Fgazetteer-files.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com">"Google Maps"</a>. Google Maps<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Maps&rft.pub=Google+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Weatherbase-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weatherbase_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weatherbase_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=367063&refer=&units=us">"Historical Weather for Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States of America"</a>. Weatherbase<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Weather+for+Carlisle%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=Weatherbase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweatherall.php3%3Fs%3D367063%26refer%3D%26units%3Dus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-TWC-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TWC_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TWC_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0234">"Average weather for Carlisle, PA"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+weather+for+Carlisle%2C+PA&rft.pub=The+Weather+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com%2Fweather%2Fwxclimatology%2Fmonthly%2Fgraph%2FUSPA0234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FRSW:US">"Frog Switch & Manufacturing Co/The"</a>. Bloomberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frog+Switch+%26+Manufacturing+Co%2FThe&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fprofile%2Fcompany%2FFRSW%3AUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGurman2013" class="citation news cs1">Gurman, Mark (October 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://9to5mac.com/2013/10/29/apple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs/">"Apple opens up new East Coast U.S. AppleCare center to speed up repairs"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/9to5Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="9to5Mac">9to5Mac</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Apple+opens+up+new+East+Coast+U.S.+AppleCare+center+to+speed+up+repairs&rft.date=2013-10-29&rft.aulast=Gurman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F9to5mac.com%2F2013%2F10%2F29%2Fapple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCroley2013" class="citation web cs1">Croley, Christen (April 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cumberlink.com/news/local/air-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d/article_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html">"Air Quality: It's worse here than in Baltimore, D.C. and Philly - and it's making us sick"</a>. <i>The Sentinel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Air+Quality%3A+It%27s+worse+here+than+in+Baltimore%2C+D.C.+and+Philly+-+and+it%27s+making+us+sick&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.aulast=Croley&rft.aufirst=Christen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcumberlink.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fair-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d%2Farticle_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ies, National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, Private School Universe Survey 2008</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86013742/">"About this Newspaper: The sentinel"</a>. <i>Chronicling America</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicling+America&rft.atitle=About+this+Newspaper%3A+The+sentinel.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86013742%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html">"AMQ AM Radio Database Query"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html">the original</a> on August 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMQ+AM+Radio+Database+Query&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcc.gov%2Fmb%2Faudio%2Famq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Locator-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Locator_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Locator_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-locator.com/">"Radio-Locator"</a>. Radio-Locator<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio-Locator&rft.pub=Radio-Locator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio-locator.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html">"FMQ FM Radio Database Query"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html">the original</a> on August 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FMQ+FM+Radio+Database+Query&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcc.gov%2Fmb%2Faudio%2Ffmq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896</i>. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who+in+America%2C+Historical+Volume%2C+1607%E2%80%931896&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Marquis+Who%27s+Who&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEngerman1976" class="citation book cs1">Engerman, Stanley L. (1976). Owens, Harry P. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G94yBvej-WcC&pg=PP1"><i>The Southern Slave Economy</i></a>. <i>Perspectives and Irony in American Slavery</i>. University Press of Mississippi. p. 107. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781617034534" title="Special:BookSources/9781617034534"><bdi>9781617034534</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Slave+Economy&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9781617034534&rft.aulast=Engerman&rft.aufirst=Stanley+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG94yBvej-WcC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MortuaryAffairs-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MortuaryAffairs_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAir_Force_Mortuary_Affairs2014" class="citation web cs1">Air Force Mortuary Affairs (August 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mortuary.af.mil/pressreleases/pressreleasearchive/story.asp?id=123420524">"Army Maj. Gen. Harold J. Greene honored in dignified transfer Aug. 7"</a>. <i>United States Air Force</i>. United States Department of the Air Force<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Army+Maj.+Gen.+Harold+J.+Greene+honored+in+dignified+transfer+Aug.+7&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.au=Air+Force+Mortuary+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mortuary.af.mil%2Fpressreleases%2Fpressreleasearchive%2Fstory.asp%3Fid%3D123420524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201234813/http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php">"Keeny, John Ephraim"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana_Historical_Association" title="Louisiana Historical Association">Louisiana Historical Association</a>, A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography (lahistory.org). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lahistory.org/site28.php">the original</a> on December 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keeny%2C+John+Ephraim&rft.pub=Louisiana+Historical+Association%2C+A+Dictionary+of+Louisiana+Biography+%28lahistory.org%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lahistory.org%2Fsite28.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<ul><li>Ridner, Judith. <i>A Town In-Between: Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the Early Mid-Atlantic Interior</i> ( 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Town--Between-Carlisle-Pennsylvania-Mid-Atlantic/dp/081224236X/">excerpt and text search</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania" title="Portal:Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carlisle,_Pennsylvania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carlisle, Pennsylvania"><span style="">Carlisle, Pennsylvania</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Carlisle (Pennsylvania)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carlisle_(Pennsylvania)">"Carlisle (Pennsylvania)" </a></span>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, <b>5</b> (11th ed.), 1911, p. 342</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carlisle+%28Pennsylvania%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=342&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlisle%2C+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlislepa.org/">Borough of Carlisle official website</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcumberlandvalley.com">Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks3/carlisle/carlisle.htm">Photographs of the Spring Carlisle collector car swap meet – <i>Rochester Area Ballparks</i></a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stahlseite.de/frogswitch.htm">Photographs of the Frogswitch foundry in Carlisle</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Template:Cumberland County, Pennsylvania"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Template talk:Cumberland County, Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cumberland County, Pennsylvania"><span class="region">Cumberland County, Pennsylvania</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="County_seat:_Carlisle"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Carlisle</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camp_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Camp Hill, Pennsylvania">Camp Hill</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carlisle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lemoyne,_Pennsylvania" title="Lemoyne, Pennsylvania">Lemoyne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mechanicsburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania">Mechanicsburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Holly_Springs,_Pennsylvania" title="Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania">Mount Holly Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Cumberland,_Pennsylvania" title="New Cumberland, Pennsylvania">New Cumberland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newburg,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Newburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Newburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newville,_Pennsylvania" title="Newville, Pennsylvania">Newville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shippensburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Shippensburg, Pennsylvania">Shippensburg</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shiremanstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Shiremanstown, Pennsylvania">Shiremanstown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wormleysburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania">Wormleysburg</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Cumberland_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Cumberland_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="103" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Cumberland_County.svg/270px-Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Cumberland_County.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Cumberland_County.svg/360px-Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Cumberland_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4950" data-file-height="2846" /></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Township_(Pennsylvania)" title="Township (Pennsylvania)">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cooke_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cooke Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Cooke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Dickinson Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Dickinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Pennsboro_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="East Pennsboro Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">East Pennsboro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampden_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Hampden Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Hampden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hopewell_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Hopewell Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Hopewell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Allen_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Allen Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Lower Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Frankford_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Frankford Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Lower Frankford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Mifflin_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Mifflin Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Lower Mifflin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middlesex_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Middlesex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Middleton_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="North Middleton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">North Middleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Newton_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="North Newton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">North Newton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Penn Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Penn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shippensburg_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Shippensburg Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Shippensburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silver_Spring_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Silver Spring Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Silver Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Middleton_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="South Middleton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">South Middleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Newton_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="South Newton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">South Newton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southampton_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Southampton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Southampton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Allen_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Allen Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Upper Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Frankford_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Frankford Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Upper Frankford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Mifflin_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Mifflin Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Upper Mifflin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Pennsboro_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="West Pennsboro Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">West Pennsboro</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boiling_Springs,_Pennsylvania" title="Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania">Boiling Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enola,_Pennsylvania" title="Enola, Pennsylvania">Enola</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Allen,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Allen, Pennsylvania">Lower Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Messiah_College,_Pennsylvania" title="Messiah College, Pennsylvania">Messiah College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Kingstown,_Pennsylvania" title="New Kingstown, Pennsylvania">New Kingstown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plainfield,_Pennsylvania" title="Plainfield, Pennsylvania">Plainfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schlusser,_Pennsylvania" title="Schlusser, Pennsylvania">Schlusser</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shippensburg_University,_Pennsylvania" title="Shippensburg University, Pennsylvania">Shippensburg University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Fairview,_Pennsylvania" title="West Fairview, Pennsylvania">West Fairview</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloserville,_Pennsylvania" title="Bloserville, Pennsylvania">Bloserville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bowmansdale,_Pennsylvania" title="Bowmansdale, Pennsylvania">Bowmansdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caprivi,_Pennsylvania" title="Caprivi, Pennsylvania">Caprivi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doubling_Gap,_Pennsylvania" title="Doubling Gap, Pennsylvania">Doubling Gap</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Entlerville,_Pennsylvania" title="Entlerville, Pennsylvania">Entlerville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grantham,_Pennsylvania" title="Grantham, Pennsylvania">Grantham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hogestown,_Pennsylvania" title="Hogestown, Pennsylvania">Hogestown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lisburn,_Pennsylvania" title="Lisburn, Pennsylvania">Lisburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shepherdstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Shepherdstown, Pennsylvania">Shepherdstown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sporting_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Sporting Hill, Pennsylvania">Sporting Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summerdale,_Pennsylvania" title="Summerdale, Pennsylvania">Summerdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walnut_Bottom,_Pennsylvania" title="Walnut Bottom, Pennsylvania">Walnut Bottom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wertzville,_Pennsylvania" title="Wertzville, Pennsylvania">Wertzville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="West Hill, Pennsylvania">West Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williams_Grove,_Pennsylvania" title="Williams Grove, Pennsylvania">Williams Grove</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania" title="Portal:Pennsylvania"><span>Pennsylvania portal</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania_county_seats" title="Template:Pennsylvania county seats"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Pennsylvania_county_seats" title="Template talk:Pennsylvania county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Pennsylvania_county_seats&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania" title="Butler, Pennsylvania">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester</a> (1682-1851)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Easton,_Pennsylvania" title="Easton, Pennsylvania">Easton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin,_Pennsylvania" title="Franklin, Pennsylvania">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greensburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Greensburg, Pennsylvania">Greensburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lock_Haven,_Pennsylvania" title="Lock Haven, Pennsylvania">Lock Haven</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meadville,_Pennsylvania" title="Meadville, Pennsylvania">Meadville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania" title="New Castle, Pennsylvania">New Castle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pottsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Pottsville, Pennsylvania">Pottsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunbury,_Pennsylvania" title="Sunbury, Pennsylvania">Sunbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uniontown,_Pennsylvania" title="Uniontown, Pennsylvania">Uniontown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren,_Pennsylvania" title="Warren, Pennsylvania">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington, Pennsylvania">Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania" title="Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania">Wilkes-Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beaver,_Pennsylvania" title="Beaver, Pennsylvania">Beaver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bedford,_Pennsylvania" title="Bedford, Pennsylvania">Bedford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bellefonte,_Pennsylvania" title="Bellefonte, Pennsylvania">Bellefonte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brookville,_Pennsylvania" title="Brookville, Pennsylvania">Brookville</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carlisle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chambersburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Chambersburg, Pennsylvania">Chambersburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clarion,_Pennsylvania" title="Clarion, Pennsylvania">Clarion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clearfield,_Pennsylvania" title="Clearfield, Pennsylvania">Clearfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coudersport,_Pennsylvania" title="Coudersport, Pennsylvania">Coudersport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danville,_Pennsylvania" title="Danville, Pennsylvania">Danville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doylestown,_Pennsylvania" title="Doylestown, Pennsylvania">Doylestown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebensburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Ebensburg, Pennsylvania">Ebensburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emporium,_Pennsylvania" title="Emporium, Pennsylvania">Emporium</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gettysburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Gettysburg, Pennsylvania">Gettysburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollidaysburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania">Hollidaysburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Honesdale,_Pennsylvania" title="Honesdale, Pennsylvania">Honesdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huntingdon,_Pennsylvania" title="Huntingdon, Pennsylvania">Huntingdon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana,_Pennsylvania" title="Indiana, Pennsylvania">Indiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Thorpe,_Pennsylvania" title="Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania">Jim Thorpe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kittanning,_Pennsylvania" title="Kittanning, Pennsylvania">Kittanning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laporte,_Pennsylvania" title="Laporte, Pennsylvania">Laporte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lewisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Lewisburg, Pennsylvania">Lewisburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lewistown,_Pennsylvania" title="Lewistown, Pennsylvania">Lewistown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McConnellsburg,_Pennsylvania" title="McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania">McConnellsburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media,_Pennsylvania" title="Media, Pennsylvania">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercer,_Pennsylvania" title="Mercer, Pennsylvania">Mercer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middleburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Middleburg, Pennsylvania">Middleburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mifflintown,_Pennsylvania" title="Mifflintown, Pennsylvania">Mifflintown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milford,_Pennsylvania" title="Milford, Pennsylvania">Milford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montrose,_Pennsylvania" title="Montrose, Pennsylvania">Montrose</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Bloomfield,_Pennsylvania" title="New Bloomfield, Pennsylvania">New Bloomfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norristown,_Pennsylvania" title="Norristown, Pennsylvania">Norristown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ridgway,_Pennsylvania" title="Ridgway, Pennsylvania">Ridgway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smethport,_Pennsylvania" title="Smethport, Pennsylvania">Smethport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somerset,_Pennsylvania" title="Somerset, Pennsylvania">Somerset</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stroudsburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania">Stroudsburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tionesta,_Pennsylvania" title="Tionesta, Pennsylvania">Tionesta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Towanda,_Pennsylvania" title="Towanda, Pennsylvania">Towanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tunkhannock,_Pennsylvania" title="Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania">Tunkhannock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waynesburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Waynesburg, Pennsylvania">Waynesburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wellsboro,_Pennsylvania" title="Wellsboro, Pennsylvania">Wellsboro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="West Chester, Pennsylvania">West Chester</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Town</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomsburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania">Bloomsburg</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania" title="Template:Pennsylvania"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Pennsylvania" title="Template talk:Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Pennsylvania&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Harrisburg_(capital)"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania" title="Category:Pennsylvania">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_Pennsylvania-related_articles" title="Index of Pennsylvania-related articles">Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Pennsylvania" title="United States congressional delegations from Pennsylvania">Delegations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Pennsylvania" title="Government of Pennsylvania">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Pennsylvania" title="History of Pennsylvania">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Pennsylvania" title="Geography of Pennsylvania">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology_of_Pennsylvania" title="Geology of Pennsylvania">Geology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_of_Pennsylvania" title="Law of Pennsylvania">Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of people from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvanians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_parks" title="List of Pennsylvania state parks">State parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_symbols" title="List of Pennsylvania state symbols">Symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Pennsylvania">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg/100px-Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg/150px-Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg/200px-Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="289" /><div><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seal_of_Pennsylvania" title="Seal of Pennsylvania">Seal of Pennsylvania</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Agriculture in Pennsylvania">Agriculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_culture" title="Category:Pennsylvania culture">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Pennsylvania" title="Crime in Pennsylvania">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania#Demographics" title="Pennsylvania">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania#Economy" title="Pennsylvania">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_Pennsylvania" title="Education in Pennsylvania">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gambling_in_Pennsylvania" title="Gambling in Pennsylvania">Gambling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Pennsylvania" title="Politics of Pennsylvania">Politics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sports_in_Pennsylvania" title="Sports in Pennsylvania">Sports</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_metropolitan_areas" title="Pennsylvania metropolitan areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">Baltimore-Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93Carlisle_metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area">Harrisburg–Carlisle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsburgh_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh metropolitan area">Pittsburgh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Scranton‑Wilkes-Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania" title="State College, Pennsylvania">State College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a>-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanover,_Pennsylvania" title="Hanover, Pennsylvania">Hanover</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of cities in Pennsylvania">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethlehem, Pennsylvania">Bethlehem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania" title="Butler, Pennsylvania">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DuBois,_Pennsylvania" title="DuBois, Pennsylvania">DuBois</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Easton,_Pennsylvania" title="Easton, Pennsylvania">Easton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greensburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Greensburg, Pennsylvania">Greensburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazleton,_Pennsylvania" title="Hazleton, Pennsylvania">Hazleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKeesport,_Pennsylvania" title="McKeesport, Pennsylvania">McKeesport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania" title="New Castle, Pennsylvania">New Castle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pottsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Pottsville, Pennsylvania">Pottsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunbury,_Pennsylvania" title="Sunbury, Pennsylvania">Sunbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania" title="Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania">Wilkes-Barre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_towns_and_boroughs_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania">Largest<br />municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abington_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Abington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bensalem_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania">Bensalem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bethel_Park,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethel Park, Pennsylvania">Bethel Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bristol Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bristol</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheltenham_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cranberry_Township,_Butler_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania">Cranberry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darby,_Pennsylvania" title="Darby, Pennsylvania">Darby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falls_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hampden_Township,_Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Hampden Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Hampden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haverford_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Haverford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Haverford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hempfield_Township,_Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania">Hempfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Macungie_Township,_Lehigh_County,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania">Lower Macungie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Makefield_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Makefield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Lower Makefield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Merion_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania">Lower Merion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Paxton_Township,_Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Paxton Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania">Lower Paxton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manheim_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Manheim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McCandless,_Pennsylvania" title="McCandless, Pennsylvania">McCandless</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middletown_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Middletown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Middletown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millcreek_Township,_Erie_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania">Millcreek Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monroeville,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroeville, Pennsylvania">Monroeville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mt._Lebanon_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Lebanon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Mount Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norristown,_Pennsylvania" title="Norristown, Pennsylvania">Norristown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northampton_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Northampton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Huntingdon_Township,_Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="North Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania">North Huntingdon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_Hills_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Penn Hills Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Penn Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radnor_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Radnor Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Radnor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ridley_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Ridley Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Ridley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Ross Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Ross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shaler_Township,_Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Shaler Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Shaler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_Township,_Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Spring Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania">Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania" title="State College, Pennsylvania">State College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tredyffrin_Township,_Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Tredyffrin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania">Tredyffrin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Darby_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Darby Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Upper Darby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Merion_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania">Upper Merion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warminster_Township,_Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Warminster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="West Chester, Pennsylvania">West Chester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitehall_Township,_Lehigh_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania">Whitehall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York_Township,_York_County,_Pennsylvania" title="York Township, York County, Pennsylvania">York Township</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Regions">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegheny_National_Forest" title="Allegheny National Forest">Allegheny National Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_plain" title="Atlantic coastal plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bald_Eagle_Valley" title="Bald Eagle Valley">Bald Eagle Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coal_Region" title="Coal Region">Coal Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_Valley" title="Cumberland Valley">Cumberland Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_Country" title="Pennsylvania Dutch Country">Dutch Country</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Eastern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Endless_Mountains" title="Endless Mountains">Endless Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Valley_(Pennsylvania)" title="Great Valley (Pennsylvania)">Great Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Happy_Valley_(Pennsylvania)" title="Happy Valley (Pennsylvania)">Happy Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurel_Highlands" title="Laurel Highlands">Laurel Highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_(geographic)" title="Mahoning Valley (geographic)">Mahoning Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia_Main_Line" title="Philadelphia Main Line">Main Line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moshannon,_Pennsylvania" title="Moshannon, Pennsylvania">Moshannon Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nittany_Valley" title="Nittany Valley">Nittany Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">Northeastern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Tier_(Pennsylvania)" title="Northern Tier (Pennsylvania)">Northern Tier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Pennsylvania" title="Northwestern Pennsylvania">Northwestern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Central_Pennsylvania" title="North Central Pennsylvania">North Central</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Penn_Valley" title="North Penn Valley">North Penn Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsburgh_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh metropolitan area">Ohio Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oil_Region" title="Oil Region">Oil Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oley_Valley" title="Oley Valley">Oley Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennsylvania_Highlands_Region" title="Pennsylvania Highlands Region">Pennsylvania Highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penns_Valley" title="Penns Valley">Penns Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philicon_Valley" title="Philicon Valley">Philicon Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pocono_Mountains" title="Pocono Mountains">Pocono Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge and Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Saucon_Township,_Northampton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lower Saucon Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania">Saucon Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Central_Pennsylvania" title="South Central Pennsylvania">South Central</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Southeastern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg-York-Lebanon,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg-York-Lebanon, PA Combined Statistical Area">Southern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Southwestern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93Carlisle_metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area">Susquehanna Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Western</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Wyoming Valley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of counties in Pennsylvania">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adams_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Adams County, Pennsylvania">Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Allegheny</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armstrong_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Armstrong County, Pennsylvania">Armstrong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Beaver County, Pennsylvania">Beaver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bedford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bedford County, Pennsylvania">Bedford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Berks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blair_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Blair County, Pennsylvania">Blair</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bradford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bradford County, Pennsylvania">Bradford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Butler_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Butler County, Pennsylvania">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambria_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cambria County, Pennsylvania">Cambria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cameron_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cameron County, Pennsylvania">Cameron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Carbon County, Pennsylvania">Carbon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centre_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Centre County, Pennsylvania">Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clarion_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Clarion County, Pennsylvania">Clarion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clearfield_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Clearfield County, Pennsylvania">Clearfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Clinton County, Pennsylvania">Clinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Columbia County, Pennsylvania">Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crawford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Crawford County, Pennsylvania">Crawford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Cumberland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Dauphin County, Pennsylvania">Dauphin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Delaware</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elk_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Elk County, Pennsylvania">Elk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erie_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie County, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Fayette County, Pennsylvania">Fayette</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Forest County, Pennsylvania">Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Franklin County, Pennsylvania">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fulton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Fulton County, Pennsylvania">Fulton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greene_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Greene County, Pennsylvania">Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huntingdon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania">Huntingdon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Indiana County, Pennsylvania">Indiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Jefferson County, Pennsylvania">Jefferson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juniata_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Juniata County, Pennsylvania">Juniata</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lackawanna_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania">Lackawanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lawrence County, Pennsylvania">Lawrence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon County, Pennsylvania">Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lehigh_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lehigh County, Pennsylvania">Lehigh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Luzerne County, Pennsylvania">Luzerne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lycoming_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lycoming County, Pennsylvania">Lycoming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKean_County,_Pennsylvania" title="McKean County, Pennsylvania">McKean</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercer_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Mercer County, Pennsylvania">Mercer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mifflin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Mifflin County, Pennsylvania">Mifflin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Montgomery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montour_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Montour County, Pennsylvania">Montour</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northampton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northampton County, Pennsylvania">Northampton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northumberland County, Pennsylvania">Northumberland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Perry County, Pennsylvania">Perry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pike_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Pike County, Pennsylvania">Pike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potter_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Potter County, Pennsylvania">Potter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schuylkill_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania">Schuylkill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snyder_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Snyder County, Pennsylvania">Snyder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somerset_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Somerset County, Pennsylvania">Somerset</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Sullivan County, Pennsylvania">Sullivan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susquehanna_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania">Susquehanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tioga_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Tioga County, Pennsylvania">Tioga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Union County, Pennsylvania">Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venango_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Venango County, Pennsylvania">Venango</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Warren County, Pennsylvania">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington County, Pennsylvania">Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Wayne County, Pennsylvania">Wayne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania">Westmoreland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyoming_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Wyoming County, Pennsylvania">Wyoming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York_County,_Pennsylvania" title="York County, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010228#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010228#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010228#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4415640-6">4415640-6</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50057757">n50057757</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MBAREA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dafcea66-b7e0-4176-8db5-d411e4e7d32f">dafcea66-b7e0-4176-8db5-d411e4e7d32f</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NARA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA (identifier)">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045518">10045518</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131317084">131317084</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities (identifier)">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50057757">lccn-n50057757</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1611726575 |