Examine individual changes

''''[[Image:Ten-sqúat-a-way.jpg|250px|thumb|Ten-sqúat-a-way, Painted in 1830 by [[George Catlin]].]] '''Tenskwatawa''', (also called '''Tenskatawa''', '''Tenskwatawah''', '''Tensquatawa''' or '''Lalawethika''') (1775 &ndash; November 1836) was a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] religious and political leader of the [[Shawnee]] tribe, known as '''The Prophet''' or the '''Shawnee Prophet'''. He was the brother of [[Tecumseh]], leader of the Shawnee. He was originally given the name Lalawethika (He Makes a Loud Noise or The Noise Maker). He fathered a total of 20 children and had 3 wives. ==Biography== ===Early years=== [[Image:Shawnee Prophet 2.jpg|left|frame|Portrait by [[Charles Bird King]]]] Because his father died before he was born and because his mother left his family shortly after, Lalawethika grew up without parents. Lalawethika was then at the mercy of his siblings to teach him the Shawnee ways. Because he was not close with his older sister or older brother, he never learned how to successfully hunt or to be a good warrior, which are essential roles for a Shawnee man. He accidentally lost an eye in a hunting accident. His poor looks and braggart personality also did not win him many friends. As a result, Lalawethika grew up to be the laughing-stock of his community and he turned to alcohol. Based on Lalawethika's development, it seemed that Lalawethika would never make a contribution to his tribe. However, that changed when Lalawethika was put in trance by the [[Master of Life]]. In May 1805, he experienced the first of several visions. He had a taste for whiskey, and in one of his alcoholic stupors he had a vision. After he awoke he began preaching and became a [[religion|religious]] leader, and taught that the [[whites|white]] [[United States|Americans]] were children of the [[Great Serpent]], the source of evil in the world. He also conducted witch hunts against Christian Indians. <!--http://nativenewsonline.org/history/hist1124a.html--> He forbade his people to use [[Europe]]an foods, [[clothing]], manufactured goods and [[alcohol]]. He changed his name to Tenskwatawa (The Open Door or One With Open Mouth). In 1808 Tenskwatawa and [[Tecumseh]] moved their followers to a new village called [[Prophetstown State Park|Prophetstown]] (Tippecanoe), near the present-day town of [[Battle Ground, Indiana|Battle Ground]], near the juncture of the [[Wabash River|Wabash]] and [[Tippecanoe River|Tippecanoe]] rivers in [[Indiana]]. ===Tecumseh's War=== {{main|Tecumseh's War}} There is some disagreement among historians over whether Tecumseh or Tenskwatawa was really the primary leader of the Pan-Indian community that grew up around Prophetstown. Either way, Tenskwatawa's preachings grew more militant and narrowly political from 1808-1811, as more and more young disaffected warriors from nearby tribes joined his movement. By 1811, both white settlers in the region and the U.S. Army had become quite concerned about what was happening at Prophetstown. Late in 1811, Tecumseh journeyed south to meet with representatives of other tribes in hopes of building a larger alliance, leaving Tenskwatawa in command at Prophetstown. According to legend, Tecumseh ordered Tenskwatawa to avoid any confrontation with whites during his absence. However, on November 7, 1811, while Tecumseh was still away, Tenskwatawa saw a vision and told the other Indians to attack the coming white people. The Americans were under the command of future [[President of the United States|President]] [[William Henry Harrison]]. Tenskwatawa's forces were soundly defeated. (See the [[Battle of Tippecanoe]].) It was a two hour battle that left many Indians dead or wounded. The Indians buried their men in the night, and stripped The Prophet of his powers. The village at Prophetstown was burned down and the defeat put an end to Tecumseh's hope of a broad Native alliance. With his brother, Tenskwatawa participated in the defense of the [[Canada|Canadian]] colonies during the [[War of 1812]]. In 1813 he was present at the [[Battle of the Thames]], but fled with the [[United Kingdom|British]] forces and was absent when Tecumseh was killed. ===Later years and death=== In the following decade he unsuccessfully tried to regain a position of leadership among Native Americans. In 1825 he returned to the [[United States]] and assisted in removing many of the Shawnees west of the [[Mississippi]]. In 1826 he established a village at the site of modern [[Kansas City, Kansas]]. He died in 1836 at his village in Kansas City, Kansas (located in the Argentine area; the ''[[White Feather Spring]]'' marker notes the location). ==Tenskwatawa in fiction== Tenskwatawa, along with his brother [[Tecumseh]], is one of the major characters in [[Orson Scott Card]]'s [[alternate history (fiction)|alternate history]] [[fantasy]] series of [[novel]]s ''[[The Tales of Alvin Maker]]'' (especially the second book, ''[[Red Prophet]]''). In those books he is called '''Tenskwa-Tawa''' (previously '''Lolla-Wossiky'''). He is a supporting character in [[James Alexander Thom]]'s historical novel ''Panther in the Sky''. ==Further reading== *{{cite book|author=Pirtle, Alfred.|publisher=John P. Morton & Co./ Library Reprints|year=1900|location=Louisville|title=The Battle of Tippecanoe| pages=158 |isbn=9780722265093 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YvA7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=Pirtle,+Alfred.+(1900).+The+Battle+of+Tippecanoe}} as read to the [[Filson Club]]. == External links == *[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3689 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''] *{{Cite Appletons'|Ellskwatawa|year=1900|notaref=x}} [[Category:1775 births]] [[Category:1836 deaths]] [[Category:Aboriginal people of the War of 1812]] [[Category:Native Americans in Indiana]] [[Category:Native American religious figures]] [[Category:Prophets]] [[Category:Shawnee tribe]] [[Category:Indiana in the War of 1812]] [[Category:Witch hunting]] [[ca:Tenkswatawa]] [[de:Tenskwatawa]] [[es:Tenskwatawa]] [[fr:Tenskwatawa]] [[hu:Tenskwatawa]] [[pl:Tenskwatawa]] [[pt:Tenskwatawa]]'