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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|5th King of Siam, also known as King Rama V}}
{{About|the King of Siam|the university named after him|Chulalongkorn University}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Chulalongkorn<br>{{small|จุฬาลงกรณ์}}
|title = King Rama V
|succession = [[King of Siam]]
|image = Chulalongkorn_LoC.jpg
|image_size =
|reign = 1 October 1868 – 23 October 1910
| cor-type = [[Coronation of the Thai monarch|Coronation]]
|coronation = 11 November 1868 (1st)<br>16 November 1873 (2nd)
|regent = ''[[Si Suriyawongse]] (1868–1873)<br>[[Saovabha Phongsri]] (1897)<br>[[Vajiravudh]] (1907)''
|reg-type = [[Regent of Thailand|Regent]]
|predecessor = [[Mongkut]] <small>(Rama IV)</small>
|successor = [[Vajiravudh]] <small>(Rama VI)</small>
|regent1 = [[Wichaichan|Bowon Wichaichan]] (1868–1885)
|reg-type1 = [[Front Palace|Vice King]]
|spouse = [[Sunanda Kumariratana]]<br>[[Sukumalmarsri]]<br>[[Savang Vadhana]]<br>[[Saovabha Phongsri]]<br> and 32 other consorts and concubines (116 in total)
|issue = [[List of children of Chulalongkorn|33 sons and 44 daughters]]
| issue-link = #Family
| issue-pipe = Detail
|house = [[Chakri Dynasty]]
|styles =
|father = [[Mongkut]] {{small|(Rama IV)}}
|mother = [[Debsirindra]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1853|9|20|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Grand Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1910|10|23|1853|9|20|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall]]<br> [[Dusit Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|signature = Signature of Chulalongkorn.svg
}}
'''Chulalongkorn''', also known as '''King Rama V''', reigning title '''Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua'''{{efn|Thai title '''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramin Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua''' ({{lang-th|พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว}})}} ([[Thai language|Thai]]: จุฬาลงกรณ์; [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: '''Chunlalongkon;''' 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth [[Monarchy of Thailand|monarch]] of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] under the [[House of Chakri]]. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พระพุทธเจ้าหลวง, the Royal Buddha). His reign was characterised by the modernisation of Siam, governmental and social reforms, and territorial concessions to the [[British Empire|British]] and [[French Indochina|French]]. As Siam was surrounded by Western expansionism, Chulalongkorn, through his policies and acts, caused Siam to avoid direct colonisation.<ref name="YourDictionary">{{cite web |url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn |title=Chulalongkorn |author=YourDictionary, n.d. |date=23 November 2011 |work=Biography |publisher=YourDictionary |access-date=1 December 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001736/http://biography.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn
|archive-date=29 September 2011 |quote=When Thailand was seriously threatened by Western colonialism, his diplomatic policies averted colonial domination and his domestic reforms brought about the modernization of his kingdom. |url-status=dead }}</ref> All his reforms were dedicated to ensuring Siam's survival in the face of Western colonialism, so that Chulalongkorn earned the epithet ''Phra Piya Maharat'' (พระปิยมหาราช, the Great Beloved King).
==Early life==
[[File:King Mongkut and Prince Chulalongkorn.jpg|thumb|upright|left|King [[Mongkut]] with Prince Chulalongkorn, both in western style court uniforms]]
[[File:Somdetch-Chufa-Chulalongkorn.JPG|210px|thumb|right|Young Prince Chulalongkorn]]
King Chulalongkorn was born on 20 September 1853 to King [[Mongkut]] and Queen [[Debsirindra]] and given the name Chulalongkorn. In 1861, he was designated [[Thai royal and noble titles#Krom|''Krommamuen Pikhanesuan Surasangkat'']]. His father gave him a broad education, including instruction from Western tutors such as [[Anna Leonowens]]. In 1866, he became a [[samanera|novice monk]] for six months at [[Wat Bawonniwet]] according to royal tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last= Leonowens |first= Anna Harriette |title= The English Governess at the Siamese Court |url= http://www.kellscraft.com/GovernessSiam/GovernessSiamContentPage.html |author-link= Anna Leonowens |year= 1873 |publisher= James R. Osgood |location= Boston|chapter= XIX. The Heir–Apparent – Royal Hair–Cutting.|chapter-url= http://www.kellscraft.com/GovernessSiam/GovernessSiamCh19.html
|quote= The Prince...was about ten years old when I was appointed to teach him.|access-date=1 December 2011}}</ref> Upon his return to his secular life in 1867, he was designated ''[[Thai royal and noble titles#Krom|Krommakhun]] Phinit Prachanat'' ({{lang|th|กรมขุนพินิตประชานาถ}}.)
In 1867, King Mongkut led an expedition to the [[Malay Peninsula]] south of the city of [[Hua Hin]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.anglicanthai.org/bush.htm |title=Captain John Bush, 1819–1905 |author=Derick Garnier |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=[[Christ Church Bangkok]] |access-date=1 December 2011 |quote=in 1868, down to Hua Wan (south of Hua Hinh) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914223931/http://www.anglicanthai.org/bush.htm |archive-date=14 September 2014
}}</ref> to verify his calculations of the [[solar eclipse of 18 August 1868]]. Both father and son fell ill of malaria. Mongkut died on 1 October 1868. Assuming the 15 year-old Chulalongkorn to be dying as well, King Mongkut on his deathbed wrote, "My brother, my son, my grandson, whoever you all the senior officials think will be able to save our country will succeed my throne, choose at your own will." [[Si Suriyawongse]], the most powerful government official of the day, managed the succession of Chulalongkorn to the throne and his own appointment as [[regent]]. The first [[Coronation of the Thai monarch|coronation]] was held on 11 November 1868. Chulalongkorn's health improved, and he was tutored in public affairs.
The young Chulalongkorn was an enthusiastic reformer. He visited Singapore and [[Java]] in 1870 and [[British India]] in 1872 to study the administration of British colonies. He toured the administrative centres of Calcutta, Delhi, Bombay, and back to Calcutta in early 1872. This journey was a source of his later ideas for the modernization of Siam. He was crowned king in his own right as Rama V on 16 November 1873.<ref name=YourDictionary/>{{clarify|reason=how is this different from the coronation of 11 November 1868?|date=July 2017}}
Si Suriyawongse then arranged for the [[Front Palace]] of King [[Pinklao]] (who was his uncle) to be bequeathed to King Pinklao's son, Prince [[Yingyot]] (who was Chulalongkorn's cousin).
As regent, Si Suriyawongse wielded great influence. Si Suriyawongse continued the works of King Mongkut. He supervised the digging of several important [[khlong]]s, such as Padung Krungkasem and Damneun Saduak, and the paving of roads such as Charoen Krung and Silom. He was also a patron of Thai literature and performing arts.
==Early reign==
[[Image:Rama V c1870.jpg|210px|thumb|upright|right|King Chulalongkorn after his second coronation ceremony on 16 November 1873.]]
At the end of his regency, Si Suriyawonse was raised to [[Thai royal and noble titles#Somdej Chao Phraya|Somdet Chao Phraya]], the highest title a noble could attain. Si Suriyawongse was the most powerful noble of the 19th century. His family, [[Bunnag]], was a powerful one, of Persian descent. It dominated Siamese politics since the reign of [[Rama I]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodhouse |first= Leslie |date=Spring 2012 |title= Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/7977573.0002.202/--concubines-with-cameras-royal-siamese-consorts-picturing?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Women's Camera Work: Asia |volume= 2|issue=2 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Chulalongkorn then [[incest|married four of his half-sisters]], all daughters of Mongkut: [[Savang Vadhana]], [[Saovabha]], and [[Sunandha]] (Mongkut with [[Piam|concubine Piam]]), and [[Sukumalmarsri]] (Monkut with [[:th:เจ้าคุณจอมมารดาสำลี ในรัชกาลที่ 4|concubine Samli]]).{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
Chulalongkorn's first reform was to establish the "Auditory Office" (Th: หอรัษฎากรพิพัฒน์), solely responsible for tax collection, to replace corrupt tax collectors. As tax collectors had been under the aegis of various nobles and thus a source of their wealth, this reform caused great consternation among the nobility, especially the Front Palace. From the time of King Mongkut, the Front Palace had been the equivalent of a "second king", with one-third of national revenue allocated to it. Prince Yingyot of the Front Palace was known to be on friendly terms with many Britons, at a time when the British Empire was considered the enemy of Siam.
In 1874, Chulalongkorn established the Council of State as a legislative body and a privy council as his personal advisory board based on the British [[privy council]]. Council members were appointed by the monarch.
===Front Palace crisis===
{{Main|Front Palace crisis}}
On the night of 28 December 1874, a fire broke out near the gunpowder storehouse and gasworks in the main palace. Front Palace troops quickly arrived, fully armed, "to assist in putting out the fire". They were denied entrance and the fire was extinguished.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=David K.|title=Thailand: A Short History|year=1982|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|isbn=0-300-03054-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/thailand00davi}}</ref>{{RP|193}} The incident demonstrated the considerable power wielded by aristocrats and royal relatives, leaving the king little power. Reducing the power held by the nobility became one of his main motives in reforming Siam's feudal politics.
When Prince Yingyot died in 1885, Chulalongkorn took the opportunity to abolish the titular Front Palace and created the title of "[[Crown Prince of Thailand|Crown Prince of Siam]]" in line with Western custom. Chulalongkorn's son, Prince [[Vajirunhis]], was appointed the first Crown Prince of Siam, though he never reigned. In 1895, when the prince died of typhoid at age 16, he was succeeded by his half-brother [[Vajiravudh]], who was then at boarding school in England.
===Haw insurgency===
[[Image:KING-CHULALONG-KORN.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The young king in western dress]]
{{Main|Haw wars}}
In the northern [[Laos|Laotian lands]] bordering China, the insurgents of the [[Taiping Rebellion]] had taken refuge since the reign of King Mongkut. These Chinese were called ''Haw'' and became bandits, pillaging the villages. In 1875, Chulalongkorn sent troops from Bangkok to crush the Haw who had ravaged as far as [[Vientiane]]. However, they met strong Chinese resistance and retreated to [[Isan]] in 1885. New, modernized forces were sent again and were divided into two groups approaching the Haw from Chiang Kam and Pichai. The Haw scattered and some fled to [[Vietnam]]. The Siamese armies proceeded to eliminate the remaining Haw. The city of [[Nong Khai]] maintains memorials for the Siamese dead.
===Third Anglo-Burmese War===
{{Main|Third Anglo-Burmese War}}
In Burma, while the British Army fought the Burmese [[Konbaung Dynasty]], Siam remained neutral. Britain had agreements with the Bangkok government, which stated that if the British were in conflict with Burma, Siam would send food supplies to the British Army. Chulalongkorn honored the agreement. The British thought that he would send an army to help defeat the Burmese, but he did not do so.
===Military and political reforms===
[[File:Devavongse, Chulalongkorn, Damrong.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Prince [[Devawongse Varopakarn]] (Foreign Minister), King Chulalongkorn and Prince [[Damrong Rajanubhab]] (Interior Minister). During his reign the king employed his brothers and sons in the government, ensuring royal monopoly on power and administration.]]
Freed of the Front Palace and Chinese rebellions, Chulalongkorn initiated modernization and centralization reforms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vechbanyongratana|first1=Jessica|last2=Paik|first2=Christopher|date=2019|title=Path to Centralization and Development: Evidence from Siam|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/path-to-centralization-and-development/ADEB6B15346131BF0BA8BA728B4D61C7|journal=World Politics|language=en|volume=71|issue=2|pages=289–331|doi=10.1017/S0043887118000321|s2cid=159375909|issn=0043-8871}}</ref> He established the [[Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy|Royal Military Academy]] in 1887 to train officers in Western fashion. His upgraded forces provided the king much more power to centralize the country.
The government of Siam had remained largely unchanged since the 15th century. The central government was headed by the ''Samuha Nayok'' (i.e., prime minister), who controlled the northern parts of Siam, and the ''Samuha Kalahom'' (i.e., grand commander), who controlled southern Siam in both civil and military affairs. The Samuha Nayok presided over the ''Chatu Sadombh'' (i.e., Four Pillars). The responsibilities of each pillar overlapped and were ambiguous. In 1888, Chulalongkorn moved to institute a government of ministries. Ministers were, at the outset, members of the royal family. Ministries were established in 1892, with all ministries having equal status.
The Council of State proved unable to veto legal drafts or to give Chulalongkorn advice because the members regarded Chulalongkorn as an absolute monarch, far above their station. Chulalongkorn dissolved the council altogether and transferred advisory duties to the cabinet in 1894.
Chulalongkorn abolished the traditional Nakorn Bala methods of torture in the judiciary process, which were seen as inhumane and barbaric to Western eyes, and introduced a Western judicial code. His Belgian advisor, [[Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns|Rolin-Jaequemyns]], played a great role in the development of modern Siamese law and its judicial system.
===Call for democracy===
{{Chakri Kings}}
[[Image:Chulalongkorn and Princes.jpg|thumb|left|King Chulalongkorn with a few of his sons at [[Eton College]] in the United Kingdom in 1907]]
Chulalongkorn was the first Siamese king to send royal princes to [[Europe]] to be educated. In 19th century Europe, nationalism flourished and there were calls for more liberty. The princes were influenced by the liberal notions of [[democracy]] and elections they encountered in republics like [[Third French Republic|France]] and [[constitutional monarchies]] like the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].
In 1884 (year 103 of the [[Thai solar calendar|Rattakosin Era]]), Siamese officials in London and Paris warned Chulalongkorn of threats from European colonialism. They advised that Siam should be reformed like [[Meiji Era|Meiji Japan]] and that Siam should become a constitutional monarchy. Chulalongkorn demurred, stating that the time was not ripe and that he himself was making reforms.
Throughout Chulalongkorn's reign, writers with radical ideas had their works published for the first time. The most notable ones included [[Thianwan Wannapho]], who had been imprisoned for 17 years and from prison produced many works criticizing traditional Siamese society.
==Conflict with French Indochina==
[[File:Young king Chulalongkorn 1872.jpg|thumb|left|King Chulalongkorn in 1872]]
{{main|Franco-Siamese War}}
In 1863, King [[Norodom]] of Cambodia was forced to put his country under French protection. The cession of Cambodia was officially formulated in 1867. However, Inner Cambodia (as called in Siam) consisting of [[Battambang]], [[Siem Reap]], and [[Srisopon]], remained a Siamese possession. This was the first of many territorial cessions.
In 1887, French Indochina was formed from Vietnam and [[Cambodia]]. In 1888, French troops invaded northern Laos to subjugate the Heo insurgents. However, the French troops never left, and the French demanded more Laotian lands. In 1893 [[Auguste Pavie]], the French vice-consul of [[Luang Prabang]], requested the cession of all Laotian lands east of the [[Mekong River]]. Siam resented the demand, leading to the [[Franco–Siamese War]] of 1893.
The French gunboat ''Le Lutin'' entered the [[Chao Phraya]] and anchored near the French consulate ready to attack. Fighting was observed in Laos. ''Inconstant'' and ''Comete'' were attacked in Chao Phraya, and the French sent an ultimatum: an indemnity of three million francs, as well as the cession of and withdrawal from Laos. Siam did not accept the ultimatum. French troops then blockaded the [[Gulf of Siam]] and occupied [[Chantaburi]] and [[Trat]]. Chulalongkorn sent Rolin-Jacquemyns to negotiate. The issue was eventually settled with the cession of Laos in 1893, but the French troops in Chantaburi and Trat refused to leave.
The cession of vast Laotian lands had a major impact on Chulalongkorn's spirit. Prince [[Vajirunhis]] died in 1894. Prince [[Vajiravudh]] was created crown prince to replace him. Chulalongkorn realised the importance of maintaining the navy and established the [[Royal Thai Navy Academy|Royal Thai Naval Academy]] in 1898.
Despite Siamese concessions, French armies continued the occupation of Chantaburi and Trat for another 10 years. An agreement was reached in 1903 that French troops would leave Chantaburi but hold the coast land from Trat to [[Koh Kong Province|Koh Kong]]. In 1906, the final agreement was reached. Trat was returned to Siam but the French kept Koh Kong and received Inner Cambodia.
Seeing the seriousness of foreign affairs, Chulalongkorn visited Europe in 1897. He was the first Siamese monarch to do so, and he desired European recognition of Siam as a fully independent power. He appointed his queen, Saovabha, as regent in Siam during his travel to Europe.
==Reforms==
[[File:Ruling-monarchs.jpg|210px|right|thumb|upright|Postcard from 1908, depicting King Chulalongkorn (above left) with contemporary monarchs]]
Siam had been composed of a network of cities according to the [[Mandala (Southeast Asian political model)|Mandala system]] codified by King [[Trailokanat#Reforms|Trailokanat]] in 1454, with local rulers owing tribute to [[Bangkok]]. Each city retained a substantial degree of autonomy, as Siam was not a "state" but a "network" of city-states. With the rise of European colonialism, the Western concept of state and territorial division was introduced. It had to define explicitly which lands were "Siamese" and which lands were "foreign". The conflict with the French in 1893 was an example.
=== Sukhaphiban districts ===
[[Sukhaphiban]] ({{lang|th|สุขาภิบาล}}) [[sanitary district]]s were the first sub-autonomous entities established in Thailand. The first such was created in Bangkok, by royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. During his European tour earlier that year, he had learned about the sanitary districts of England, and wanted to try out this local administrative unit in his capital.
=== Monthon system ===
With his experiences during the travel to British colonies and the suggestion of [[Prince Damrong]], Chulalongkorn established the hierarchical system of [[monthon]]s in 1897, composed of [[Provinces of Thailand|province]], [[Mueang#Thailand|city]], ''[[amphoe]]'', ''[[tambon]]'', and ''[[muban]]'' (village) in descending order. (Though an entire monthon, the Eastern Province, Inner Cambodia, was ceded to the French in 1906). Each monthon was overseen by an [[intendant]] of the [[Ministry of Interior (Thailand)|Ministry of Interior]]. This had a major impact, as it ended the power of all local dynasties. Central authority now spread all over the country through the administration of intendants. For example, the [[Lanna]] states in the north (including the [[Kingdom of Chiangmai]], Principalities of [[Lampang]], [[Lamphun]], [[Nan, Thailand|Nan]], and [[Prae]], tributaries to Bangkok) were made into two monthons, neglecting the existence of the [[List of the Kings of Lanna#Lanna states under Siamese tributary 1775–1899|Lanna kings]].
Local rulers did not cede power willingly. Three rebellions sprang up in 1901: the [[Ngeaw rebellion]] in [[Phrae]], the 1901–1902 [[Holy Man's Rebellion|Holy Man's Rebellion]]<ref name="JSS_062_1e_Murdoch">{{cite journal | last = Murdoch | first = John B. |year= 1974
|title= The 1901–1902 Holy Man's Rebellion |journal= [[Journal of the Siam Society]] |volume= JSS Vol.62.1 |issue= digital |no-pp= <!-- hides automatic 'p' or 'pp'. -->|publisher= Siam Heritage Trust |url= http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_062_1e_Murdoch_1901to1902HolyMansRebellion.pdf|access-date= 2 April 2013
|quote= The background to the rebellion must be sought in the factors that led up to the situation in the Lower Mekong at the turn of the century. Prior to the late nineteenth century reforms of King Chulalongkorn, the territory of the Siamese Kingdom was divided into three administrative categories. First were the inner provinces which were in four classes depending on their distance from Bangkok or the importance of their local ruling houses. Second were the outer provinces, which were situated between the inner provinces and further distant tributary states. Finally there were the tributary states which were on the periphery....}}</ref> in [[History of Isan#Siam|Isan]], and the [[Rebellion of Seven Sultans]] in the south. All these rebellions were crushed in 1902 with the city rulers stripped of their power and imprisoned.<ref name="JSS_062_1e_Murdoch"/>
===Abolition of corvée and slavery===
[[File:King and Tsar.jpg|210px|thumb|upright|King Chulalongkorn with Tsar [[Nicholas II]] in Saint Petersburg, during his first Grand Tour in 1897]]
[[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] King [[Ramathibodi II#Establishment of Corvée system|Ramathibodi II established a system]] of [[corvée]] in 1518 after which the lives of Siamese commoners and slaves were closely regulated by the government. All [[Thai royal and noble titles#Phrai|Siamese common men]] ({{lang|th-Latn|phrai}} [[:th:ไพร่|ไพร่)]] were subject to the Siamese corvée system. Each man at the time of his majority had to register with a government bureau, department, or leading member of the royalty called {{lang|th-Latn|krom}} ({{lang|th|กรม}}) as a {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Luang}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่หลวง}}) or under a nobleman's dominion ({{lang|th-Latn|Moon Nai}} or {{lang|th-Latn|Chao Khun Moon Nai}} {{lang|th|มูลนาย หรือเจ้าขุนมูลนาย}}) as a {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Som}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่สม}}). {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai}} owed service to sovereign or master for three months of the year. {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Suay}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่ส่วย}}) were those who could make payment [[in kind]] (cattle) in lieu of service. Those conscripted into military service were called {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Tahan}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่ทหาร}}).
Chulalongkorn was best known for his abolition of [[Siamese slavery]] ([[:th:ทาส|ทาส]].) He associated the abolition of slavery in the United States with the bloodshed of the [[American Civil War]]. Chulalongkorn, to prevent such a bloodbath in Siam, provided several steps towards the abolition of slavery, not an extreme turning point from servitude to total freedom. Those who found themselves unable to live on their own sold themselves into slavery by rich noblemen. Likewise, when a debt was defaulted, the borrower would become a slave of the lender. If the debt was redeemed, the slave regained freedom.
However, those whose parents were household slaves (ทาสในเรือนเบี้ย) were bound to be slaves forever because their redemption price was extremely high.
Because of economic conditions, people sold themselves into slavery in great numbers and in turn they produced a large number of household slaves. In 1867 they accounted for one-third of Siamese population. In 1874, Chulalongkorn enacted a law that lowered the redemption price of household slaves born in 1867 (his ascension year) and freed all of them when they had reached 21.
The newly freed slaves would have time to settle themselves as farmers or merchants so they would not become unemployed. In 1905, the ''[[Slave Abolition Act]]'' ended Siamese slavery in all forms. The reverse of 100 [[Thai baht|baht]] banknotes in circulation since the 2005 centennial depict Chulalongkorn in navy uniform abolishing the slave tradition.
The traditional corvée system declined after the [[Bowring Treaty]], which gave rise to a new class of employed labourers not regulated by the government, while many noblemen continued to hold sway over large numbers of {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Som}}. Chulalongkorn needed more effective control of manpower to undo the power of nobility. After the establishment of the [[monthon]] system, Chulalongkorn instituted a census to count all men available to the government. The ''[[Employment Act (Siam)|Employment Act]]'' of 1900 required that all workers be paid, not forced to work.
===Establishment of a modern army and modern land ownership===
[[File:Grand Palace Bangkok, Thailand.jpg|thumb|right|The Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall in the [[Grand Palace]] was completed in 1882.]]
[[File:VimanmekMansion.jpg|thumb|right|The king built the [[Vimanmek Palace]], 1900. He began the construction of the [[Dusit Palace]] at the same time.]]
[[File:พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม เขตดุสิต กรุงเทพมหานคร (4).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall]] was built in 1908 as a reception hall.]]
Chulalongkorn had established a [[Kalahom#History|defence ministry]] in 1887. The ending of the corvée system necessitated the beginning of military [[conscription]], thus the ''[[Conscription Act (Siam)|Conscription Act]]'' of 1905 in Siam. This was followed in 1907 by the first act providing for invoking [[martial law#Thailand|martial law]], which seven years later was changed to its modern form by his son and successor, King Vajiravudh.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thailawforum.com/laws/Martial%20Law.pdf|title= Martial Law, B.E. 2457 (1914) – unofficial translation|access-date= 21 May 2014|author= Pakorn Nilprapunt|year= 2006|website= thailawforum.com|publisher= Office of the Council of State
|quote= Reference to Thai legislation in any jurisdiction shall be to the Thai version only. This translation has been made so as to establish correct understanding about this Act to the foreigners.}}</ref>
The [[Royal Thai Survey Department]], a Special Services Group of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, engaged in [[cadastral survey]], which is the survey of specific land parcels to define ownership for [[land registration]], and for equitable [[tax]]ation. Land [[Title deeds|title deed]]s are issued using the [[Torrens title]] system, though it was not until the year 1901 that the first–fruits of this survey were obtained.<ref name=Giblin>{{cite book |title=Twentieth century impressions of Siam |last= Giblin |first= R.W. |editor1-last= Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|editor2-last= Breakspear|editor2-first= Oliver T |year=2008 |orig-year=1908|publisher=Lloyds Greater Britain Publishing Company|location=London&c |pages= 121–127 |chapter= Royal Survey Work.|chapter-url=https://archive.org/download/twentiethcentury00wrigrich/twentiethcentury00wrigrich.pdf|chapter-format=65.3 MB| access-date=7 October 2011}}</ref>
===Abolition of prostration===
In 1873, the ''Royal Siamese Government Gazette'' published an announcement on the abolition of [[wikt:prostration|prostration]]. In it, King Chulalongkorn declared, "The practice of prostration in Siam is severely oppressive. The subordinates have been forced to prostrate in order to elevate the dignity of the ''phu yai''. I do not see how the practice of prostration will render any benefit to Siam. The subordinates find the performance of prostration a harsh physical practice. They have to go down on their knees for a long time until their business with the ''phu yai'' ends. They will then be allowed to stand up and retreat. This kind of practice is the source of oppression. Therefore, I want to abolish it." The ''Gazette'' directed that, "From now on, Siamese are permitted to stand up before the dignitaries. To display an act of respect, the Siamese may take a bow instead. Taking a bow will be regarded as a new form of paying respect."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chachavalpongpun|first1=Pavin|title=Chulalongkorn abolished prostration|url=http://www.newmandala.org/chulalongkorn-abolished-prostration/|access-date=27 November 2016|work=New Mandala|date=14 May 2011}}</ref>
===Civic works===
The construction of railways in Siam had a political motivation: to connect all of the country so as to better maintain control of it.
In 1901, the first railway was opened from Bangkok to [[Nakhon Ratchasima|Korat]]. In the same year, the first power plant of Siam produced electricity and electric lights first illuminated roadways.
In 1906 King Chulalongkorn adopted a [[Semang]] orphan boy named Khanung.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodhouse |first= Leslie |date=Spring 2012 |title= Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/7977573.0002.202/--concubines-with-cameras-royal-siamese-consorts-picturing?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Women's Camera Work: Asia |volume= 2|issue= 2 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref>
===Relations with the British Empire===
{{Main|Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909}}
Siamese authorities had exercised substantial control over Malay sultanates since Ayutthaya times. The sultans sought British support as a counterweight to Siamese influence. In 1909, the [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909]] was agreed. Four sultanates ([[Kedah]], [[Kelantan]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Perlis]]) were brought under British influence in exchange for Siamese legal rights and a loan to construct railways in southern Siam.
==Family==
{{Main|List of children of Chulalongkorn}}
King Chulalongkorn was a prolific producer of children. He had 92 consorts during his lifetime who produced 77 surviving [[List of children of Chulalongkorn|children]].<ref name = "thailand">{{cite book| author = Christopher John Baker|author2=Pasuk Phongpaichit | title = A History of Thailand| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdueeBj1H0C&pg=PA31| year = 2009| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-76768-2| page = 31| access-date = 9 August 2016 }}</ref>
==Death and legacy==
[[File:King Rama V Equestrian Monument.jpg|thumb|left|[[Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn]] at [[Royal Plaza (Thailand)|Royal Plaza]]]]
[[File:Royal Funerary Urn of King Chulalongkorn on Conveyor to the Funeral Pyre.jpg|thumb|250px|Royal funeral ceremony of King Chulalongkorn in 1911 at [[Sanam Luang]], [[Bangkok]].]]
The royal [[Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn]] was finished in 1908 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the king's reign. It was cast in bronze by a Parisian metallurgist.
Chulalongkorn had visited Europe twice, in 1897 and 1907. In 1897 he travelled widely through Europe, learning all he could on many subjects to benefit the Siamese people. He travelled and visited many European royal families. He spent much time in Britain and was inspired, among other things, to improve the health of his people by creating public health, or sanitary districts. In Sweden he studied the Forestry system. The 1907 visit was to his son's at school in Britain and to consult with European doctors in pursuit of a cure for his kidney disease.
King Chulalongkorn died on 23 October 1910 of kidney disease at the [[Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall]] in the [[Dusit Palace]], and was succeeded by his son [[Vajiravudh]] (King Rama VI).
[[Chulalongkorn University]], founded in 1917 as the first university in Thailand, was named in his honour. On the campus stand the statues of Rama V and his son, Rama VI.
In 1997 a [[King Chulalongkorn Memorial Building|memorial pavilion]] was raised in honour of King Chulalongkorn in [[Ragunda]], Sweden. This was done to commemorate King Chulalongkorn's visit to [[Sweden]] in 1897 when he also visited the [[Brussels International Exposition (1897)|World's Fair in Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thai-blogs.com/2010/11/16/hm-king-chulalongkorns-1897-journey-to-europe/ | title=HM King Chulalongkorn's 1897 Journey to Europe | publisher=WordPress | work=Thai Blogs | date=16 November 2010 | access-date=6 July 2018 | author=Tips, Walter E. J. }}</ref> During the time when Swedish–Norwegian king [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]] travelled to [[Norway]] for a council, Chulalongkorn went up north to study forestry. Beginning in [[Härnösand]] and travelling via [[Sollefteå]] and [[Ragunda]] he mounted a boat in the small village of Utanede in order to take him back through [[Sundsvall]] to [[Stockholm]].<ref>Nilsson Sören, Nilsson Ingvar.: Kung Chulalongkorns Norrlandsresa 1897. 34 pages in Swedish. Fors hembygdsförening 1985</ref> His passage through Utanede left a mark on the village as one street was named after the king. The pavilion is erected next to that road.
The old 100 baht banknote of Series 14, circulated from 1994 to 2004, bears the statues of Rama V and Rama VI on its reverse. In 2005, the 100 baht banknote was revised to depict King Chulalongkorn in naval uniform and, in the background, abolishing slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=100 Baht Series 15|url=https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/100_15.aspx|website=Bank of Thailand|publisher=Bank of Thailand}}</ref>
The 1,000 baht banknote of Series 16, issued in 2015, depicts the King Chulalongkorn monument, Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall, and the abolition of slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=1,000 Baht Series 16| url=https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/1000_16.aspx| website=Bank of Thailand|publisher=Bank of Thailand}}</ref>
==Honours==
{{Infobox royal styles
|royal name = King Chulalongkorn <br/> Rama V of Siam
|image = [[File:Standard of the King of Siam (Rama V).svg|170px]]
|dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Royal Majesty]]
|offstyle = Your Royal Majesty
}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of Siam (1873-1910).svg|thumb|right|Royal [[coat of arms]] of the Kingdom of Siam, introduced by King Chulalongkorn, the arms was the [[Emblem of Siam]] from 1878 to 1910.]]
=== Military ranks ===
* [[Field marshal (Thailand)|Field Marshal]] of the [[Royal Thai Army|Royal Siamese Army]]<ref>http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2446/035/603.PDF</ref>
* [[List of admirals of the fleet (Thailand)|Admiral of the Fleet]] of the [[Royal Thai Navy|Royal Siamese Navy]]<ref>https://www.navy.mi.th/index.php/history/detail/history_id/14</ref>
=== National honours ===
* [[File:Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the White Elephant|Grand Cross of the White Elephant]], with Collar
* [[File:Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Nine Gems|Knight of the Nine Gems]], with Collar
* [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Crown of Thailand|Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam]], ''1869''
* [[File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of Chula Chom Klao|Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao]], ''16 November 1873''
* [[File:Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri|Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''1882''
* [[File:Dushdi Mala - Military (Thailand).svg|50px]] Dushdi Mala Medal
* [[File:Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] Chakra Mala Medal
* [[File:King Rama IV Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Mongkut's Royal Cypher Medal
* [[File:King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Chulalongkorn's Royal Cypher Medal
* [[File:King Rama V Rajaruchi Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Chulalongkorn's Rajaruchi Medal
=== Foreign honours ===
* [[Image:Ord.S.Stef.Ungh. - GC.png|50px]] [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''1868'' ([[Austria-Hungary]])<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* [[File:ESP Charles III Order GC.svg|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], ''5 August 1871'';<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1887|access-date=21 March 2019|page=158|lang=es}}</ref> with Collar, ''16 October 1897'' ([[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]])<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000978365&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1901|access-date=28 July 2020|page=170|language=es}}</ref>
* [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|Honorary Grand Cross of St Michael and St George]], ''3 August 1878'' ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]])<ref name=p430>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n429/mode/2up p. 338]</ref>
* [[Image:Royal Order of Kamehameha I Grand Cross.gif|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I|Order of Kamehameha I]], ''1881'' ([[Kingdom of Hawaii]])<ref>Kalakaua to his sister, 12 May 1881, quoted in Greer, Richard A. (editor, 1967) "[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/186/JL05085.pdf The Royal Tourist—Kalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London]", ''Hawaiian Journal of History'', vol. 5, p. 83</ref>
* [[File:St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg|50px]] [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav]], ''23 November 1884'' ([[Sweden-Norway]])<ref>{{citation|title=Norges Statskalender|year=1890|pages=595–596|url=http://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0356.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=no}}</ref>
* [[File:Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''11 July 1887'' (Sweden-Norway)<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1905|page=440|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv}}</ref>
* [[Image:JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], ''6 October 1887'' ([[Empire of Japan]])<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=144}}</ref>
* [[Image:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''8 January 1892'' ([[Denmark]])<ref>{{cite book |year=1900 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1900 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1900 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918013.pdf#page=34 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=3 |access-date=16 September 2019 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
* [[File:Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg|50px]] [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus|Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], ''1887'' ([[Kingdom of Italy]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2435/030/249.PDF|title=ราชทูตอิตาลีเฝ้าทูลละอองธุลีพระบาท ถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์}}</ref>
* [[Image:RUS Imperial Order of Saint Andrew ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''1891'' ([[Russian Empire]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2434/016/142_1.PDF|title=ข่าวทูตรุสเซียฝ้าทูลละอองธุลีพระบาทถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์}}</ref>
* [[File:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation BAR.svg|50px]] [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''24 December 1891'' (Kingdom of Italy)<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
* [[File:PRT Three Orders BAR.png|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Three Orders]], ''1897'' ([[Kingdom of Portugal]])<ref>{{citation|author=José Martins|title=O Rei Chulalongkorn do Sião Visitou Portugal|language=pt|via=aquimaria.com|url=http://www.aquimaria.com/html/aboutth-chulalongkorn.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104355/http://www.aquimaria.com/html/aboutth-chulalongkorn.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2016|website=History between Portugal and Thailand|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>
* [[File:Ord.Aquilanera.png|50px]] [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''1897'' ([[German Empire]])
* [[File:BAD Order of Fidelity ribbon.svg|50px]] Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1897'' ([[Grand Duchy of Baden]])<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1902), "Großherzogliche Orden" [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1879965 p. 67]</ref>
* [[File:Bavaria012.png|50px]] [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1906'' ([[Kingdom of Bavaria]])<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n39 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern]'' (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. 8</ref>
* [[File:D-HAN-B-Order Henry Lion BAR.png|50px]] [[Order of Henry the Lion|Grand Cross of Henry the Lion]], ''1907'' ([[Duchy of Brunswick]])<ref>''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908''. Braunschweig 1908. Meyer. p. 9</ref>
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Chulalongkorn'''
|2= 2. [[Mongkut]]
|3= 3. [[Debsirindra]]
|4= 4. (=24.) [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]
|5= 5. [[Sri Suriyendra]]
|6= 6. Sirivonge, Prince Matayaphitaksa
|7= 7. Noi
|8= 8. [[Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke]]
|9= 9. [[Amarindra]]
|10= 10. Ngeon [[Chen (surname)|Sae-tan]] (Bhamornsut)
|11= 11. Kaew, Princess Sri Sudarak
|12= 12. [[Nangklao]]
|13= 13. Sab
|14= 14. But
|15= 15. Chaem
|16= 16. (=22.) Thongdi, Prince Father
|17= 17. (=23.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)
|18= 18. Thong Na Bangxang
|19= 19. Princess Rupsirisobhak Mahanagnari
|20= 20. Unknown<br>Chinese from [[Chen (surname)|Tan clan]]
|21= 21. Unknown<br>Lady Noi Chamnanborirak's sister
|22= 22. (=16.) Thongdi, Prince Father
|23= 23. (=17.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)
|24= 24. (=4.) [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]
|25= 25. [[Sri Sulalai|Sri Suralai]]
|26= 26. Lord Aksornsombat (Thab)
|27= 27. Bhong
|28=
|29=
|30= 30. Unknown
|31= 31. Muang Suragupta
}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Thailand|Monarchy|History|Biography}}
{{Commons+cat|Chulalongkorn}}
* [[List of children of Chulalongkorn]]
* [[List of people with the most children]]
* [[Ananda Mahidol|King Ananda Mahidol]]
* [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King Bhumibol Adulyadej]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn# Chulalongkorn – Definition of Chulalongkorn]
* [http://chiangmaibest.com/chiang-mai-events-thailand-holidays/king-chulalongkorn-day/ King Chulalongkorn Day] at Chiang Mai Best
* [http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Film/?movieid=1&returnurl=http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Sok/?q%3d%2b A clip of King Chulalongkorns 1897 visit to Sweden]
* [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/24667/pages/105 Investiture of His Majesty Somdetch Pra Paramindr Maha Chulalonkorn, King of Siam, with the Ensigns of a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]
*[http://www.watflorida.org/pages/RamaV.htm Biography of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn Rama V]
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|20 September|1853|23 October|1910}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mongkut]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]]
|years=1868–1910}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vajiravudh]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Monarchs of Thailand}}
{{Rattanakosin}}
{{Thai princes}}
{{Houses descended from King Chulalongkorn}}
{{King Chulalongkorn's children who received Krom titles}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Chulalongkorn| ]]
[[Category:Thai monarchs]]
[[Category:Chakri dynasty]]
[[Category:19th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Child rulers from Asia]]
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1910 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bangkok]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney disease]]
[[Category:Rama V period]]
[[Category:Thai male Chao Fa]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Nine Gems]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Chula Chom Klao]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|3]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Hubert]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Andrew]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Henry the Lion]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Order of Kamehameha I]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|5th King of Siam, also known as King Rama V}}
{{About|the King of Siam|the university named after him|Chulalongkorn University}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Chulalongkorn<br>{{small|จุฬาลงกรณ์}}
|title = King Rama V
|succession = [[King of Siam]]
|image = Chulalongkorn_LoC.jpg
|image_size =
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Chulalongkorn'''
|2= 2. [[Mongkut]]
|3= 3. [[Debsirindra]]
|4= 4. (=24.) [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]
|5= 5. [[Sri Suriyendra]]
|6= 6. Sirivonge, Prince Matayaphitaksa
|7= 7. Noi
|8= 8. [[Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke]]
|9= 9. [[Amarindra]]
|10= 10. Ngeon [[Chen (surname)|Sae-tan]] (Bhamornsut)
|11= 11. Kaew, Princess Sri Sudarak
|12= 12. [[Nangklao]]
|13= 13. Sab
|14= 14. But
|15= 15. Chaem
|16= 16. (=22.) Thongdi, Prince Father
|17= 17. (=23.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)
|18= 18. Thong Na Bangxang
|19= 19. Princess Rupsirisobhak Mahanagnari
|20= 20. Unknown<br>Chinese from [[Chen (surname)|Tan clan]]
|21= 21. Unknown<br>Lady Noi Chamnanborirak's sister
|22= 22. (=16.) Thongdi, Prince Father
|23= 23. (=17.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)
|24= 24. (=4.) [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]
|25= 25. [[Sri Sulalai|Sri Suralai]]
|26= 26. Lord Aksornsombat (Thab)
|27= 27. Bhong
|28=
|29=
|30= 30. Unknown
|31= 31. Muang Suragupta
}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Thailand|Monarchy|History|Biography}}
{{Commons+cat|Chulalongkorn}}
* [[List of children of Chulalongkorn]]
* [[List of people with the most children]]
* [[Ananda Mahidol|King Ananda Mahidol]]
* [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King Bhumibol Adulyadej]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn# Chulalongkorn – Definition of Chulalongkorn]
* [http://chiangmaibest.com/chiang-mai-events-thailand-holidays/king-chulalongkorn-day/ King Chulalongkorn Day] at Chiang Mai Best
* [http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Film/?movieid=1&returnurl=http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Sok/?q%3d%2b A clip of King Chulalongkorns 1897 visit to Sweden]
* [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/24667/pages/105 Investiture of His Majesty Somdetch Pra Paramindr Maha Chulalonkorn, King of Siam, with the Ensigns of a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]
*[http://www.watflorida.org/pages/RamaV.htm Biography of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn Rama V]
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|20 September|1853|23 October|1910}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mongkut]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]]
|years=1868–1910}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vajiravudh]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Monarchs of Thailand}}
{{Rattanakosin}}
{{Thai princes}}
{{Houses descended from King Chulalongkorn}}
{{King Chulalongkorn's children who received Krom titles}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Chulalongkorn| ]]
[[Category:Thai monarchs]]
[[Category:Chakri dynasty]]
[[Category:19th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Child rulers from Asia]]
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1910 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bangkok]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney disease]]
[[Category:Rama V period]]
[[Category:Thai male Chao Fa]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Nine Gems]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Chula Chom Klao]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|3]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Hubert]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Andrew]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Henry the Lion]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Order of Kamehameha I]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -9,219 +9,4 @@
|image = Chulalongkorn_LoC.jpg
|image_size =
-|reign = 1 October 1868 – 23 October 1910
-| cor-type = [[Coronation of the Thai monarch|Coronation]]
-|coronation = 11 November 1868 (1st)<br>16 November 1873 (2nd)
-|regent = ''[[Si Suriyawongse]] (1868–1873)<br>[[Saovabha Phongsri]] (1897)<br>[[Vajiravudh]] (1907)''
-|reg-type = [[Regent of Thailand|Regent]]
-|predecessor = [[Mongkut]] <small>(Rama IV)</small>
-|successor = [[Vajiravudh]] <small>(Rama VI)</small>
-|regent1 = [[Wichaichan|Bowon Wichaichan]] (1868–1885)
-|reg-type1 = [[Front Palace|Vice King]]
-|spouse = [[Sunanda Kumariratana]]<br>[[Sukumalmarsri]]<br>[[Savang Vadhana]]<br>[[Saovabha Phongsri]]<br> and 32 other consorts and concubines (116 in total)
-|issue = [[List of children of Chulalongkorn|33 sons and 44 daughters]]
-| issue-link = #Family
-| issue-pipe = Detail
-|house = [[Chakri Dynasty]]
-|styles =
-|father = [[Mongkut]] {{small|(Rama IV)}}
-|mother = [[Debsirindra]]
-|birth_date = {{birth date|1853|9|20|df=y}}
-|birth_place = [[Grand Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]
-|death_date = {{death date and age|1910|10|23|1853|9|20|df=y}}
-|death_place = [[Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall]]<br> [[Dusit Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]
-|religion = [[Buddhism]]
-|signature = Signature of Chulalongkorn.svg
-}}
-'''Chulalongkorn''', also known as '''King Rama V''', reigning title '''Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua'''{{efn|Thai title '''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramin Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua''' ({{lang-th|พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว}})}} ([[Thai language|Thai]]: จุฬาลงกรณ์; [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: '''Chunlalongkon;''' 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth [[Monarchy of Thailand|monarch]] of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] under the [[House of Chakri]]. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พระพุทธเจ้าหลวง, the Royal Buddha). His reign was characterised by the modernisation of Siam, governmental and social reforms, and territorial concessions to the [[British Empire|British]] and [[French Indochina|French]]. As Siam was surrounded by Western expansionism, Chulalongkorn, through his policies and acts, caused Siam to avoid direct colonisation.<ref name="YourDictionary">{{cite web |url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn |title=Chulalongkorn |author=YourDictionary, n.d. |date=23 November 2011 |work=Biography |publisher=YourDictionary |access-date=1 December 2011
- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001736/http://biography.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn
- |archive-date=29 September 2011 |quote=When Thailand was seriously threatened by Western colonialism, his diplomatic policies averted colonial domination and his domestic reforms brought about the modernization of his kingdom. |url-status=dead }}</ref> All his reforms were dedicated to ensuring Siam's survival in the face of Western colonialism, so that Chulalongkorn earned the epithet ''Phra Piya Maharat'' (พระปิยมหาราช, the Great Beloved King).
-
-==Early life==
-[[File:King Mongkut and Prince Chulalongkorn.jpg|thumb|upright|left|King [[Mongkut]] with Prince Chulalongkorn, both in western style court uniforms]]
-[[File:Somdetch-Chufa-Chulalongkorn.JPG|210px|thumb|right|Young Prince Chulalongkorn]]
-King Chulalongkorn was born on 20 September 1853 to King [[Mongkut]] and Queen [[Debsirindra]] and given the name Chulalongkorn. In 1861, he was designated [[Thai royal and noble titles#Krom|''Krommamuen Pikhanesuan Surasangkat'']]. His father gave him a broad education, including instruction from Western tutors such as [[Anna Leonowens]]. In 1866, he became a [[samanera|novice monk]] for six months at [[Wat Bawonniwet]] according to royal tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last= Leonowens |first= Anna Harriette |title= The English Governess at the Siamese Court |url= http://www.kellscraft.com/GovernessSiam/GovernessSiamContentPage.html |author-link= Anna Leonowens |year= 1873 |publisher= James R. Osgood |location= Boston|chapter= XIX. The Heir–Apparent – Royal Hair–Cutting.|chapter-url= http://www.kellscraft.com/GovernessSiam/GovernessSiamCh19.html
-|quote= The Prince...was about ten years old when I was appointed to teach him.|access-date=1 December 2011}}</ref> Upon his return to his secular life in 1867, he was designated ''[[Thai royal and noble titles#Krom|Krommakhun]] Phinit Prachanat'' ({{lang|th|กรมขุนพินิตประชานาถ}}.)
-
-In 1867, King Mongkut led an expedition to the [[Malay Peninsula]] south of the city of [[Hua Hin]],<ref>{{cite web
- |url=http://www.anglicanthai.org/bush.htm |title=Captain John Bush, 1819–1905 |author=Derick Garnier |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=[[Christ Church Bangkok]] |access-date=1 December 2011 |quote=in 1868, down to Hua Wan (south of Hua Hinh) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914223931/http://www.anglicanthai.org/bush.htm |archive-date=14 September 2014
-}}</ref> to verify his calculations of the [[solar eclipse of 18 August 1868]]. Both father and son fell ill of malaria. Mongkut died on 1 October 1868. Assuming the 15 year-old Chulalongkorn to be dying as well, King Mongkut on his deathbed wrote, "My brother, my son, my grandson, whoever you all the senior officials think will be able to save our country will succeed my throne, choose at your own will." [[Si Suriyawongse]], the most powerful government official of the day, managed the succession of Chulalongkorn to the throne and his own appointment as [[regent]]. The first [[Coronation of the Thai monarch|coronation]] was held on 11 November 1868. Chulalongkorn's health improved, and he was tutored in public affairs.
-
-The young Chulalongkorn was an enthusiastic reformer. He visited Singapore and [[Java]] in 1870 and [[British India]] in 1872 to study the administration of British colonies. He toured the administrative centres of Calcutta, Delhi, Bombay, and back to Calcutta in early 1872. This journey was a source of his later ideas for the modernization of Siam. He was crowned king in his own right as Rama V on 16 November 1873.<ref name=YourDictionary/>{{clarify|reason=how is this different from the coronation of 11 November 1868?|date=July 2017}}
-
-Si Suriyawongse then arranged for the [[Front Palace]] of King [[Pinklao]] (who was his uncle) to be bequeathed to King Pinklao's son, Prince [[Yingyot]] (who was Chulalongkorn's cousin).
-
-As regent, Si Suriyawongse wielded great influence. Si Suriyawongse continued the works of King Mongkut. He supervised the digging of several important [[khlong]]s, such as Padung Krungkasem and Damneun Saduak, and the paving of roads such as Charoen Krung and Silom. He was also a patron of Thai literature and performing arts.
-
-==Early reign==
-[[Image:Rama V c1870.jpg|210px|thumb|upright|right|King Chulalongkorn after his second coronation ceremony on 16 November 1873.]]
-At the end of his regency, Si Suriyawonse was raised to [[Thai royal and noble titles#Somdej Chao Phraya|Somdet Chao Phraya]], the highest title a noble could attain. Si Suriyawongse was the most powerful noble of the 19th century. His family, [[Bunnag]], was a powerful one, of Persian descent. It dominated Siamese politics since the reign of [[Rama I]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodhouse |first= Leslie |date=Spring 2012 |title= Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/7977573.0002.202/--concubines-with-cameras-royal-siamese-consorts-picturing?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Women's Camera Work: Asia |volume= 2|issue=2 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Chulalongkorn then [[incest|married four of his half-sisters]], all daughters of Mongkut: [[Savang Vadhana]], [[Saovabha]], and [[Sunandha]] (Mongkut with [[Piam|concubine Piam]]), and [[Sukumalmarsri]] (Monkut with [[:th:เจ้าคุณจอมมารดาสำลี ในรัชกาลที่ 4|concubine Samli]]).{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
-
-Chulalongkorn's first reform was to establish the "Auditory Office" (Th: หอรัษฎากรพิพัฒน์), solely responsible for tax collection, to replace corrupt tax collectors. As tax collectors had been under the aegis of various nobles and thus a source of their wealth, this reform caused great consternation among the nobility, especially the Front Palace. From the time of King Mongkut, the Front Palace had been the equivalent of a "second king", with one-third of national revenue allocated to it. Prince Yingyot of the Front Palace was known to be on friendly terms with many Britons, at a time when the British Empire was considered the enemy of Siam.
-
-In 1874, Chulalongkorn established the Council of State as a legislative body and a privy council as his personal advisory board based on the British [[privy council]]. Council members were appointed by the monarch.
-
-===Front Palace crisis===
-{{Main|Front Palace crisis}}
-
-On the night of 28 December 1874, a fire broke out near the gunpowder storehouse and gasworks in the main palace. Front Palace troops quickly arrived, fully armed, "to assist in putting out the fire". They were denied entrance and the fire was extinguished.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=David K.|title=Thailand: A Short History|year=1982|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|isbn=0-300-03054-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/thailand00davi}}</ref>{{RP|193}} The incident demonstrated the considerable power wielded by aristocrats and royal relatives, leaving the king little power. Reducing the power held by the nobility became one of his main motives in reforming Siam's feudal politics.
-
-When Prince Yingyot died in 1885, Chulalongkorn took the opportunity to abolish the titular Front Palace and created the title of "[[Crown Prince of Thailand|Crown Prince of Siam]]" in line with Western custom. Chulalongkorn's son, Prince [[Vajirunhis]], was appointed the first Crown Prince of Siam, though he never reigned. In 1895, when the prince died of typhoid at age 16, he was succeeded by his half-brother [[Vajiravudh]], who was then at boarding school in England.
-
-===Haw insurgency===
-[[Image:KING-CHULALONG-KORN.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The young king in western dress]]
-{{Main|Haw wars}}
-In the northern [[Laos|Laotian lands]] bordering China, the insurgents of the [[Taiping Rebellion]] had taken refuge since the reign of King Mongkut. These Chinese were called ''Haw'' and became bandits, pillaging the villages. In 1875, Chulalongkorn sent troops from Bangkok to crush the Haw who had ravaged as far as [[Vientiane]]. However, they met strong Chinese resistance and retreated to [[Isan]] in 1885. New, modernized forces were sent again and were divided into two groups approaching the Haw from Chiang Kam and Pichai. The Haw scattered and some fled to [[Vietnam]]. The Siamese armies proceeded to eliminate the remaining Haw. The city of [[Nong Khai]] maintains memorials for the Siamese dead.
-
-===Third Anglo-Burmese War===
-{{Main|Third Anglo-Burmese War}}
-In Burma, while the British Army fought the Burmese [[Konbaung Dynasty]], Siam remained neutral. Britain had agreements with the Bangkok government, which stated that if the British were in conflict with Burma, Siam would send food supplies to the British Army. Chulalongkorn honored the agreement. The British thought that he would send an army to help defeat the Burmese, but he did not do so.
-
-===Military and political reforms===
-[[File:Devavongse, Chulalongkorn, Damrong.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Prince [[Devawongse Varopakarn]] (Foreign Minister), King Chulalongkorn and Prince [[Damrong Rajanubhab]] (Interior Minister). During his reign the king employed his brothers and sons in the government, ensuring royal monopoly on power and administration.]]
-Freed of the Front Palace and Chinese rebellions, Chulalongkorn initiated modernization and centralization reforms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vechbanyongratana|first1=Jessica|last2=Paik|first2=Christopher|date=2019|title=Path to Centralization and Development: Evidence from Siam|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/path-to-centralization-and-development/ADEB6B15346131BF0BA8BA728B4D61C7|journal=World Politics|language=en|volume=71|issue=2|pages=289–331|doi=10.1017/S0043887118000321|s2cid=159375909|issn=0043-8871}}</ref> He established the [[Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy|Royal Military Academy]] in 1887 to train officers in Western fashion. His upgraded forces provided the king much more power to centralize the country.
-
-The government of Siam had remained largely unchanged since the 15th century. The central government was headed by the ''Samuha Nayok'' (i.e., prime minister), who controlled the northern parts of Siam, and the ''Samuha Kalahom'' (i.e., grand commander), who controlled southern Siam in both civil and military affairs. The Samuha Nayok presided over the ''Chatu Sadombh'' (i.e., Four Pillars). The responsibilities of each pillar overlapped and were ambiguous. In 1888, Chulalongkorn moved to institute a government of ministries. Ministers were, at the outset, members of the royal family. Ministries were established in 1892, with all ministries having equal status.
-
-The Council of State proved unable to veto legal drafts or to give Chulalongkorn advice because the members regarded Chulalongkorn as an absolute monarch, far above their station. Chulalongkorn dissolved the council altogether and transferred advisory duties to the cabinet in 1894.
-
-Chulalongkorn abolished the traditional Nakorn Bala methods of torture in the judiciary process, which were seen as inhumane and barbaric to Western eyes, and introduced a Western judicial code. His Belgian advisor, [[Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns|Rolin-Jaequemyns]], played a great role in the development of modern Siamese law and its judicial system.
-
-===Call for democracy===
-{{Chakri Kings}}
-[[Image:Chulalongkorn and Princes.jpg|thumb|left|King Chulalongkorn with a few of his sons at [[Eton College]] in the United Kingdom in 1907]]
-Chulalongkorn was the first Siamese king to send royal princes to [[Europe]] to be educated. In 19th century Europe, nationalism flourished and there were calls for more liberty. The princes were influenced by the liberal notions of [[democracy]] and elections they encountered in republics like [[Third French Republic|France]] and [[constitutional monarchies]] like the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].
-
-In 1884 (year 103 of the [[Thai solar calendar|Rattakosin Era]]), Siamese officials in London and Paris warned Chulalongkorn of threats from European colonialism. They advised that Siam should be reformed like [[Meiji Era|Meiji Japan]] and that Siam should become a constitutional monarchy. Chulalongkorn demurred, stating that the time was not ripe and that he himself was making reforms.
-
-Throughout Chulalongkorn's reign, writers with radical ideas had their works published for the first time. The most notable ones included [[Thianwan Wannapho]], who had been imprisoned for 17 years and from prison produced many works criticizing traditional Siamese society.
-
-==Conflict with French Indochina==
-[[File:Young king Chulalongkorn 1872.jpg|thumb|left|King Chulalongkorn in 1872]]
-{{main|Franco-Siamese War}}
-In 1863, King [[Norodom]] of Cambodia was forced to put his country under French protection. The cession of Cambodia was officially formulated in 1867. However, Inner Cambodia (as called in Siam) consisting of [[Battambang]], [[Siem Reap]], and [[Srisopon]], remained a Siamese possession. This was the first of many territorial cessions.
-
-In 1887, French Indochina was formed from Vietnam and [[Cambodia]]. In 1888, French troops invaded northern Laos to subjugate the Heo insurgents. However, the French troops never left, and the French demanded more Laotian lands. In 1893 [[Auguste Pavie]], the French vice-consul of [[Luang Prabang]], requested the cession of all Laotian lands east of the [[Mekong River]]. Siam resented the demand, leading to the [[Franco–Siamese War]] of 1893.
-
-The French gunboat ''Le Lutin'' entered the [[Chao Phraya]] and anchored near the French consulate ready to attack. Fighting was observed in Laos. ''Inconstant'' and ''Comete'' were attacked in Chao Phraya, and the French sent an ultimatum: an indemnity of three million francs, as well as the cession of and withdrawal from Laos. Siam did not accept the ultimatum. French troops then blockaded the [[Gulf of Siam]] and occupied [[Chantaburi]] and [[Trat]]. Chulalongkorn sent Rolin-Jacquemyns to negotiate. The issue was eventually settled with the cession of Laos in 1893, but the French troops in Chantaburi and Trat refused to leave.
-
-The cession of vast Laotian lands had a major impact on Chulalongkorn's spirit. Prince [[Vajirunhis]] died in 1894. Prince [[Vajiravudh]] was created crown prince to replace him. Chulalongkorn realised the importance of maintaining the navy and established the [[Royal Thai Navy Academy|Royal Thai Naval Academy]] in 1898.
-
-Despite Siamese concessions, French armies continued the occupation of Chantaburi and Trat for another 10 years. An agreement was reached in 1903 that French troops would leave Chantaburi but hold the coast land from Trat to [[Koh Kong Province|Koh Kong]]. In 1906, the final agreement was reached. Trat was returned to Siam but the French kept Koh Kong and received Inner Cambodia.
-
-Seeing the seriousness of foreign affairs, Chulalongkorn visited Europe in 1897. He was the first Siamese monarch to do so, and he desired European recognition of Siam as a fully independent power. He appointed his queen, Saovabha, as regent in Siam during his travel to Europe.
-
-==Reforms==
-[[File:Ruling-monarchs.jpg|210px|right|thumb|upright|Postcard from 1908, depicting King Chulalongkorn (above left) with contemporary monarchs]]
-Siam had been composed of a network of cities according to the [[Mandala (Southeast Asian political model)|Mandala system]] codified by King [[Trailokanat#Reforms|Trailokanat]] in 1454, with local rulers owing tribute to [[Bangkok]]. Each city retained a substantial degree of autonomy, as Siam was not a "state" but a "network" of city-states. With the rise of European colonialism, the Western concept of state and territorial division was introduced. It had to define explicitly which lands were "Siamese" and which lands were "foreign". The conflict with the French in 1893 was an example.
-
-=== Sukhaphiban districts ===
-[[Sukhaphiban]] ({{lang|th|สุขาภิบาล}}) [[sanitary district]]s were the first sub-autonomous entities established in Thailand. The first such was created in Bangkok, by royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. During his European tour earlier that year, he had learned about the sanitary districts of England, and wanted to try out this local administrative unit in his capital.
-
-=== Monthon system ===
-With his experiences during the travel to British colonies and the suggestion of [[Prince Damrong]], Chulalongkorn established the hierarchical system of [[monthon]]s in 1897, composed of [[Provinces of Thailand|province]], [[Mueang#Thailand|city]], ''[[amphoe]]'', ''[[tambon]]'', and ''[[muban]]'' (village) in descending order. (Though an entire monthon, the Eastern Province, Inner Cambodia, was ceded to the French in 1906). Each monthon was overseen by an [[intendant]] of the [[Ministry of Interior (Thailand)|Ministry of Interior]]. This had a major impact, as it ended the power of all local dynasties. Central authority now spread all over the country through the administration of intendants. For example, the [[Lanna]] states in the north (including the [[Kingdom of Chiangmai]], Principalities of [[Lampang]], [[Lamphun]], [[Nan, Thailand|Nan]], and [[Prae]], tributaries to Bangkok) were made into two monthons, neglecting the existence of the [[List of the Kings of Lanna#Lanna states under Siamese tributary 1775–1899|Lanna kings]].
-
-Local rulers did not cede power willingly. Three rebellions sprang up in 1901: the [[Ngeaw rebellion]] in [[Phrae]], the 1901–1902 [[Holy Man's Rebellion|Holy Man's Rebellion]]<ref name="JSS_062_1e_Murdoch">{{cite journal | last = Murdoch | first = John B. |year= 1974
-|title= The 1901–1902 Holy Man's Rebellion |journal= [[Journal of the Siam Society]] |volume= JSS Vol.62.1 |issue= digital |no-pp= <!-- hides automatic 'p' or 'pp'. -->|publisher= Siam Heritage Trust |url= http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_062_1e_Murdoch_1901to1902HolyMansRebellion.pdf|access-date= 2 April 2013
-|quote= The background to the rebellion must be sought in the factors that led up to the situation in the Lower Mekong at the turn of the century. Prior to the late nineteenth century reforms of King Chulalongkorn, the territory of the Siamese Kingdom was divided into three administrative categories. First were the inner provinces which were in four classes depending on their distance from Bangkok or the importance of their local ruling houses. Second were the outer provinces, which were situated between the inner provinces and further distant tributary states. Finally there were the tributary states which were on the periphery....}}</ref> in [[History of Isan#Siam|Isan]], and the [[Rebellion of Seven Sultans]] in the south. All these rebellions were crushed in 1902 with the city rulers stripped of their power and imprisoned.<ref name="JSS_062_1e_Murdoch"/>
-
-===Abolition of corvée and slavery===
-[[File:King and Tsar.jpg|210px|thumb|upright|King Chulalongkorn with Tsar [[Nicholas II]] in Saint Petersburg, during his first Grand Tour in 1897]]
-[[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] King [[Ramathibodi II#Establishment of Corvée system|Ramathibodi II established a system]] of [[corvée]] in 1518 after which the lives of Siamese commoners and slaves were closely regulated by the government. All [[Thai royal and noble titles#Phrai|Siamese common men]] ({{lang|th-Latn|phrai}} [[:th:ไพร่|ไพร่)]] were subject to the Siamese corvée system. Each man at the time of his majority had to register with a government bureau, department, or leading member of the royalty called {{lang|th-Latn|krom}} ({{lang|th|กรม}}) as a {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Luang}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่หลวง}}) or under a nobleman's dominion ({{lang|th-Latn|Moon Nai}} or {{lang|th-Latn|Chao Khun Moon Nai}} {{lang|th|มูลนาย หรือเจ้าขุนมูลนาย}}) as a {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Som}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่สม}}). {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai}} owed service to sovereign or master for three months of the year. {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Suay}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่ส่วย}}) were those who could make payment [[in kind]] (cattle) in lieu of service. Those conscripted into military service were called {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Tahan}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่ทหาร}}).
-
-Chulalongkorn was best known for his abolition of [[Siamese slavery]] ([[:th:ทาส|ทาส]].) He associated the abolition of slavery in the United States with the bloodshed of the [[American Civil War]]. Chulalongkorn, to prevent such a bloodbath in Siam, provided several steps towards the abolition of slavery, not an extreme turning point from servitude to total freedom. Those who found themselves unable to live on their own sold themselves into slavery by rich noblemen. Likewise, when a debt was defaulted, the borrower would become a slave of the lender. If the debt was redeemed, the slave regained freedom.
-
-However, those whose parents were household slaves (ทาสในเรือนเบี้ย) were bound to be slaves forever because their redemption price was extremely high.
-
-Because of economic conditions, people sold themselves into slavery in great numbers and in turn they produced a large number of household slaves. In 1867 they accounted for one-third of Siamese population. In 1874, Chulalongkorn enacted a law that lowered the redemption price of household slaves born in 1867 (his ascension year) and freed all of them when they had reached 21.
-
-The newly freed slaves would have time to settle themselves as farmers or merchants so they would not become unemployed. In 1905, the ''[[Slave Abolition Act]]'' ended Siamese slavery in all forms. The reverse of 100 [[Thai baht|baht]] banknotes in circulation since the 2005 centennial depict Chulalongkorn in navy uniform abolishing the slave tradition.
-
-The traditional corvée system declined after the [[Bowring Treaty]], which gave rise to a new class of employed labourers not regulated by the government, while many noblemen continued to hold sway over large numbers of {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Som}}. Chulalongkorn needed more effective control of manpower to undo the power of nobility. After the establishment of the [[monthon]] system, Chulalongkorn instituted a census to count all men available to the government. The ''[[Employment Act (Siam)|Employment Act]]'' of 1900 required that all workers be paid, not forced to work.
-
-===Establishment of a modern army and modern land ownership===
-[[File:Grand Palace Bangkok, Thailand.jpg|thumb|right|The Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall in the [[Grand Palace]] was completed in 1882.]]
-[[File:VimanmekMansion.jpg|thumb|right|The king built the [[Vimanmek Palace]], 1900. He began the construction of the [[Dusit Palace]] at the same time.]]
-[[File:พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม เขตดุสิต กรุงเทพมหานคร (4).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall]] was built in 1908 as a reception hall.]]
-Chulalongkorn had established a [[Kalahom#History|defence ministry]] in 1887. The ending of the corvée system necessitated the beginning of military [[conscription]], thus the ''[[Conscription Act (Siam)|Conscription Act]]'' of 1905 in Siam. This was followed in 1907 by the first act providing for invoking [[martial law#Thailand|martial law]], which seven years later was changed to its modern form by his son and successor, King Vajiravudh.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thailawforum.com/laws/Martial%20Law.pdf|title= Martial Law, B.E. 2457 (1914) – unofficial translation|access-date= 21 May 2014|author= Pakorn Nilprapunt|year= 2006|website= thailawforum.com|publisher= Office of the Council of State
-|quote= Reference to Thai legislation in any jurisdiction shall be to the Thai version only. This translation has been made so as to establish correct understanding about this Act to the foreigners.}}</ref>
-
-The [[Royal Thai Survey Department]], a Special Services Group of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, engaged in [[cadastral survey]], which is the survey of specific land parcels to define ownership for [[land registration]], and for equitable [[tax]]ation. Land [[Title deeds|title deed]]s are issued using the [[Torrens title]] system, though it was not until the year 1901 that the first–fruits of this survey were obtained.<ref name=Giblin>{{cite book |title=Twentieth century impressions of Siam |last= Giblin |first= R.W. |editor1-last= Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|editor2-last= Breakspear|editor2-first= Oliver T |year=2008 |orig-year=1908|publisher=Lloyds Greater Britain Publishing Company|location=London&c |pages= 121–127 |chapter= Royal Survey Work.|chapter-url=https://archive.org/download/twentiethcentury00wrigrich/twentiethcentury00wrigrich.pdf|chapter-format=65.3 MB| access-date=7 October 2011}}</ref>
-
-===Abolition of prostration===
-In 1873, the ''Royal Siamese Government Gazette'' published an announcement on the abolition of [[wikt:prostration|prostration]]. In it, King Chulalongkorn declared, "The practice of prostration in Siam is severely oppressive. The subordinates have been forced to prostrate in order to elevate the dignity of the ''phu yai''. I do not see how the practice of prostration will render any benefit to Siam. The subordinates find the performance of prostration a harsh physical practice. They have to go down on their knees for a long time until their business with the ''phu yai'' ends. They will then be allowed to stand up and retreat. This kind of practice is the source of oppression. Therefore, I want to abolish it." The ''Gazette'' directed that, "From now on, Siamese are permitted to stand up before the dignitaries. To display an act of respect, the Siamese may take a bow instead. Taking a bow will be regarded as a new form of paying respect."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chachavalpongpun|first1=Pavin|title=Chulalongkorn abolished prostration|url=http://www.newmandala.org/chulalongkorn-abolished-prostration/|access-date=27 November 2016|work=New Mandala|date=14 May 2011}}</ref>
-
-===Civic works===
-The construction of railways in Siam had a political motivation: to connect all of the country so as to better maintain control of it.
-
-In 1901, the first railway was opened from Bangkok to [[Nakhon Ratchasima|Korat]]. In the same year, the first power plant of Siam produced electricity and electric lights first illuminated roadways.
-
-In 1906 King Chulalongkorn adopted a [[Semang]] orphan boy named Khanung.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodhouse |first= Leslie |date=Spring 2012 |title= Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/7977573.0002.202/--concubines-with-cameras-royal-siamese-consorts-picturing?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Women's Camera Work: Asia |volume= 2|issue= 2 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref>
-
-===Relations with the British Empire===
-{{Main|Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909}}
-Siamese authorities had exercised substantial control over Malay sultanates since Ayutthaya times. The sultans sought British support as a counterweight to Siamese influence. In 1909, the [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909]] was agreed. Four sultanates ([[Kedah]], [[Kelantan]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Perlis]]) were brought under British influence in exchange for Siamese legal rights and a loan to construct railways in southern Siam.
-
-==Family==
-{{Main|List of children of Chulalongkorn}}
-King Chulalongkorn was a prolific producer of children. He had 92 consorts during his lifetime who produced 77 surviving [[List of children of Chulalongkorn|children]].<ref name = "thailand">{{cite book| author = Christopher John Baker|author2=Pasuk Phongpaichit | title = A History of Thailand| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdueeBj1H0C&pg=PA31| year = 2009| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-76768-2| page = 31| access-date = 9 August 2016 }}</ref>
-
-==Death and legacy==
-[[File:King Rama V Equestrian Monument.jpg|thumb|left|[[Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn]] at [[Royal Plaza (Thailand)|Royal Plaza]]]]
-[[File:Royal Funerary Urn of King Chulalongkorn on Conveyor to the Funeral Pyre.jpg|thumb|250px|Royal funeral ceremony of King Chulalongkorn in 1911 at [[Sanam Luang]], [[Bangkok]].]]
-The royal [[Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn]] was finished in 1908 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the king's reign. It was cast in bronze by a Parisian metallurgist.
-
-Chulalongkorn had visited Europe twice, in 1897 and 1907. In 1897 he travelled widely through Europe, learning all he could on many subjects to benefit the Siamese people. He travelled and visited many European royal families. He spent much time in Britain and was inspired, among other things, to improve the health of his people by creating public health, or sanitary districts. In Sweden he studied the Forestry system. The 1907 visit was to his son's at school in Britain and to consult with European doctors in pursuit of a cure for his kidney disease.
-
-King Chulalongkorn died on 23 October 1910 of kidney disease at the [[Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall]] in the [[Dusit Palace]], and was succeeded by his son [[Vajiravudh]] (King Rama VI).
-
-[[Chulalongkorn University]], founded in 1917 as the first university in Thailand, was named in his honour. On the campus stand the statues of Rama V and his son, Rama VI.
-
-In 1997 a [[King Chulalongkorn Memorial Building|memorial pavilion]] was raised in honour of King Chulalongkorn in [[Ragunda]], Sweden. This was done to commemorate King Chulalongkorn's visit to [[Sweden]] in 1897 when he also visited the [[Brussels International Exposition (1897)|World's Fair in Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thai-blogs.com/2010/11/16/hm-king-chulalongkorns-1897-journey-to-europe/ | title=HM King Chulalongkorn's 1897 Journey to Europe | publisher=WordPress | work=Thai Blogs | date=16 November 2010 | access-date=6 July 2018 | author=Tips, Walter E. J. }}</ref> During the time when Swedish–Norwegian king [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]] travelled to [[Norway]] for a council, Chulalongkorn went up north to study forestry. Beginning in [[Härnösand]] and travelling via [[Sollefteå]] and [[Ragunda]] he mounted a boat in the small village of Utanede in order to take him back through [[Sundsvall]] to [[Stockholm]].<ref>Nilsson Sören, Nilsson Ingvar.: Kung Chulalongkorns Norrlandsresa 1897. 34 pages in Swedish. Fors hembygdsförening 1985</ref> His passage through Utanede left a mark on the village as one street was named after the king. The pavilion is erected next to that road.
-
-The old 100 baht banknote of Series 14, circulated from 1994 to 2004, bears the statues of Rama V and Rama VI on its reverse. In 2005, the 100 baht banknote was revised to depict King Chulalongkorn in naval uniform and, in the background, abolishing slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=100 Baht Series 15|url=https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/100_15.aspx|website=Bank of Thailand|publisher=Bank of Thailand}}</ref>
-The 1,000 baht banknote of Series 16, issued in 2015, depicts the King Chulalongkorn monument, Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall, and the abolition of slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=1,000 Baht Series 16| url=https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/1000_16.aspx| website=Bank of Thailand|publisher=Bank of Thailand}}</ref>
-
-==Honours==
-{{Infobox royal styles
-|royal name = King Chulalongkorn <br/> Rama V of Siam
-|image = [[File:Standard of the King of Siam (Rama V).svg|170px]]
-|dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Royal Majesty]]
-|offstyle = Your Royal Majesty
-}}
-[[File:Coat of Arms of Siam (1873-1910).svg|thumb|right|Royal [[coat of arms]] of the Kingdom of Siam, introduced by King Chulalongkorn, the arms was the [[Emblem of Siam]] from 1878 to 1910.]]
-
-=== Military ranks ===
-* [[Field marshal (Thailand)|Field Marshal]] of the [[Royal Thai Army|Royal Siamese Army]]<ref>http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2446/035/603.PDF</ref>
-* [[List of admirals of the fleet (Thailand)|Admiral of the Fleet]] of the [[Royal Thai Navy|Royal Siamese Navy]]<ref>https://www.navy.mi.th/index.php/history/detail/history_id/14</ref>
-
-=== National honours ===
-* [[File:Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the White Elephant|Grand Cross of the White Elephant]], with Collar
-* [[File:Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Nine Gems|Knight of the Nine Gems]], with Collar
-* [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Crown of Thailand|Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam]], ''1869''
-* [[File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of Chula Chom Klao|Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao]], ''16 November 1873''
-* [[File:Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri|Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''1882''
-* [[File:Dushdi Mala - Military (Thailand).svg|50px]] Dushdi Mala Medal
-* [[File:Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] Chakra Mala Medal
-* [[File:King Rama IV Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Mongkut's Royal Cypher Medal
-* [[File:King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Chulalongkorn's Royal Cypher Medal
-* [[File:King Rama V Rajaruchi Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Chulalongkorn's Rajaruchi Medal
-
-=== Foreign honours ===
-* [[Image:Ord.S.Stef.Ungh. - GC.png|50px]] [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''1868'' ([[Austria-Hungary]])<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
-* [[File:ESP Charles III Order GC.svg|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], ''5 August 1871'';<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1887|access-date=21 March 2019|page=158|lang=es}}</ref> with Collar, ''16 October 1897'' ([[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]])<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000978365&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1901|access-date=28 July 2020|page=170|language=es}}</ref>
-* [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|Honorary Grand Cross of St Michael and St George]], ''3 August 1878'' ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]])<ref name=p430>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n429/mode/2up p. 338]</ref>
-* [[Image:Royal Order of Kamehameha I Grand Cross.gif|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I|Order of Kamehameha I]], ''1881'' ([[Kingdom of Hawaii]])<ref>Kalakaua to his sister, 12 May 1881, quoted in Greer, Richard A. (editor, 1967) "[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/186/JL05085.pdf The Royal Tourist—Kalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London]", ''Hawaiian Journal of History'', vol. 5, p. 83</ref>
-* [[File:St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg|50px]] [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav]], ''23 November 1884'' ([[Sweden-Norway]])<ref>{{citation|title=Norges Statskalender|year=1890|pages=595–596|url=http://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0356.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=no}}</ref>
-* [[File:Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''11 July 1887'' (Sweden-Norway)<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1905|page=440|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv}}</ref>
-* [[Image:JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], ''6 October 1887'' ([[Empire of Japan]])<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=144}}</ref>
-* [[Image:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''8 January 1892'' ([[Denmark]])<ref>{{cite book |year=1900 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1900 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1900 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918013.pdf#page=34 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=3 |access-date=16 September 2019 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
-* [[File:Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg|50px]] [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus|Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], ''1887'' ([[Kingdom of Italy]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2435/030/249.PDF|title=ราชทูตอิตาลีเฝ้าทูลละอองธุลีพระบาท ถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์}}</ref>
-* [[Image:RUS Imperial Order of Saint Andrew ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''1891'' ([[Russian Empire]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2434/016/142_1.PDF|title=ข่าวทูตรุสเซียฝ้าทูลละอองธุลีพระบาทถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์}}</ref>
-* [[File:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation BAR.svg|50px]] [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''24 December 1891'' (Kingdom of Italy)<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
-* [[File:PRT Three Orders BAR.png|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Three Orders]], ''1897'' ([[Kingdom of Portugal]])<ref>{{citation|author=José Martins|title=O Rei Chulalongkorn do Sião Visitou Portugal|language=pt|via=aquimaria.com|url=http://www.aquimaria.com/html/aboutth-chulalongkorn.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104355/http://www.aquimaria.com/html/aboutth-chulalongkorn.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2016|website=History between Portugal and Thailand|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>
-* [[File:Ord.Aquilanera.png|50px]] [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''1897'' ([[German Empire]])
-* [[File:BAD Order of Fidelity ribbon.svg|50px]] Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1897'' ([[Grand Duchy of Baden]])<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1902), "Großherzogliche Orden" [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1879965 p. 67]</ref>
-* [[File:Bavaria012.png|50px]] [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1906'' ([[Kingdom of Bavaria]])<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n39 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern]'' (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. 8</ref>
-* [[File:D-HAN-B-Order Henry Lion BAR.png|50px]] [[Order of Henry the Lion|Grand Cross of Henry the Lion]], ''1907'' ([[Duchy of Brunswick]])<ref>''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908''. Braunschweig 1908. Meyer. p. 9</ref>
==Ancestry==
' |
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '|reign = 1 October 1868 – 23 October 1910',
1 => '| cor-type = [[Coronation of the Thai monarch|Coronation]]',
2 => '|coronation = 11 November 1868 (1st)<br>16 November 1873 (2nd)',
3 => '|regent = ''[[Si Suriyawongse]] (1868–1873)<br>[[Saovabha Phongsri]] (1897)<br>[[Vajiravudh]] (1907)''',
4 => '|reg-type = [[Regent of Thailand|Regent]]',
5 => '|predecessor = [[Mongkut]] <small>(Rama IV)</small>',
6 => '|successor = [[Vajiravudh]] <small>(Rama VI)</small>',
7 => '|regent1 = [[Wichaichan|Bowon Wichaichan]] (1868–1885)',
8 => '|reg-type1 = [[Front Palace|Vice King]]',
9 => '|spouse = [[Sunanda Kumariratana]]<br>[[Sukumalmarsri]]<br>[[Savang Vadhana]]<br>[[Saovabha Phongsri]]<br> and 32 other consorts and concubines (116 in total)',
10 => '|issue = [[List of children of Chulalongkorn|33 sons and 44 daughters]]',
11 => '| issue-link = #Family',
12 => '| issue-pipe = Detail',
13 => '|house = [[Chakri Dynasty]]',
14 => '|styles =',
15 => '|father = [[Mongkut]] {{small|(Rama IV)}}',
16 => '|mother = [[Debsirindra]]',
17 => '|birth_date = {{birth date|1853|9|20|df=y}}',
18 => '|birth_place = [[Grand Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]',
19 => '|death_date = {{death date and age|1910|10|23|1853|9|20|df=y}}',
20 => '|death_place = [[Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall]]<br> [[Dusit Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]',
21 => '|religion = [[Buddhism]]',
22 => '|signature = Signature of Chulalongkorn.svg',
23 => '}}',
24 => ''''Chulalongkorn''', also known as '''King Rama V''', reigning title '''Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua'''{{efn|Thai title '''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramin Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua''' ({{lang-th|พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว}})}} ([[Thai language|Thai]]: จุฬาลงกรณ์; [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: '''Chunlalongkon;''' 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth [[Monarchy of Thailand|monarch]] of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] under the [[House of Chakri]]. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พระพุทธเจ้าหลวง, the Royal Buddha). His reign was characterised by the modernisation of Siam, governmental and social reforms, and territorial concessions to the [[British Empire|British]] and [[French Indochina|French]]. As Siam was surrounded by Western expansionism, Chulalongkorn, through his policies and acts, caused Siam to avoid direct colonisation.<ref name="YourDictionary">{{cite web |url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn |title=Chulalongkorn |author=YourDictionary, n.d. |date=23 November 2011 |work=Biography |publisher=YourDictionary |access-date=1 December 2011 ',
25 => ' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001736/http://biography.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn',
26 => ' |archive-date=29 September 2011 |quote=When Thailand was seriously threatened by Western colonialism, his diplomatic policies averted colonial domination and his domestic reforms brought about the modernization of his kingdom. |url-status=dead }}</ref> All his reforms were dedicated to ensuring Siam's survival in the face of Western colonialism, so that Chulalongkorn earned the epithet ''Phra Piya Maharat'' (พระปิยมหาราช, the Great Beloved King).',
27 => '',
28 => '==Early life==',
29 => '[[File:King Mongkut and Prince Chulalongkorn.jpg|thumb|upright|left|King [[Mongkut]] with Prince Chulalongkorn, both in western style court uniforms]]',
30 => '[[File:Somdetch-Chufa-Chulalongkorn.JPG|210px|thumb|right|Young Prince Chulalongkorn]]',
31 => 'King Chulalongkorn was born on 20 September 1853 to King [[Mongkut]] and Queen [[Debsirindra]] and given the name Chulalongkorn. In 1861, he was designated [[Thai royal and noble titles#Krom|''Krommamuen Pikhanesuan Surasangkat'']]. His father gave him a broad education, including instruction from Western tutors such as [[Anna Leonowens]]. In 1866, he became a [[samanera|novice monk]] for six months at [[Wat Bawonniwet]] according to royal tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last= Leonowens |first= Anna Harriette |title= The English Governess at the Siamese Court |url= http://www.kellscraft.com/GovernessSiam/GovernessSiamContentPage.html |author-link= Anna Leonowens |year= 1873 |publisher= James R. Osgood |location= Boston|chapter= XIX. The Heir–Apparent – Royal Hair–Cutting.|chapter-url= http://www.kellscraft.com/GovernessSiam/GovernessSiamCh19.html',
32 => '|quote= The Prince...was about ten years old when I was appointed to teach him.|access-date=1 December 2011}}</ref> Upon his return to his secular life in 1867, he was designated ''[[Thai royal and noble titles#Krom|Krommakhun]] Phinit Prachanat'' ({{lang|th|กรมขุนพินิตประชานาถ}}.)',
33 => '',
34 => 'In 1867, King Mongkut led an expedition to the [[Malay Peninsula]] south of the city of [[Hua Hin]],<ref>{{cite web',
35 => ' |url=http://www.anglicanthai.org/bush.htm |title=Captain John Bush, 1819–1905 |author=Derick Garnier |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=[[Christ Church Bangkok]] |access-date=1 December 2011 |quote=in 1868, down to Hua Wan (south of Hua Hinh) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914223931/http://www.anglicanthai.org/bush.htm |archive-date=14 September 2014 ',
36 => '}}</ref> to verify his calculations of the [[solar eclipse of 18 August 1868]]. Both father and son fell ill of malaria. Mongkut died on 1 October 1868. Assuming the 15 year-old Chulalongkorn to be dying as well, King Mongkut on his deathbed wrote, "My brother, my son, my grandson, whoever you all the senior officials think will be able to save our country will succeed my throne, choose at your own will." [[Si Suriyawongse]], the most powerful government official of the day, managed the succession of Chulalongkorn to the throne and his own appointment as [[regent]]. The first [[Coronation of the Thai monarch|coronation]] was held on 11 November 1868. Chulalongkorn's health improved, and he was tutored in public affairs.',
37 => '',
38 => 'The young Chulalongkorn was an enthusiastic reformer. He visited Singapore and [[Java]] in 1870 and [[British India]] in 1872 to study the administration of British colonies. He toured the administrative centres of Calcutta, Delhi, Bombay, and back to Calcutta in early 1872. This journey was a source of his later ideas for the modernization of Siam. He was crowned king in his own right as Rama V on 16 November 1873.<ref name=YourDictionary/>{{clarify|reason=how is this different from the coronation of 11 November 1868?|date=July 2017}}',
39 => '',
40 => 'Si Suriyawongse then arranged for the [[Front Palace]] of King [[Pinklao]] (who was his uncle) to be bequeathed to King Pinklao's son, Prince [[Yingyot]] (who was Chulalongkorn's cousin).',
41 => '',
42 => 'As regent, Si Suriyawongse wielded great influence. Si Suriyawongse continued the works of King Mongkut. He supervised the digging of several important [[khlong]]s, such as Padung Krungkasem and Damneun Saduak, and the paving of roads such as Charoen Krung and Silom. He was also a patron of Thai literature and performing arts.',
43 => '',
44 => '==Early reign==',
45 => '[[Image:Rama V c1870.jpg|210px|thumb|upright|right|King Chulalongkorn after his second coronation ceremony on 16 November 1873.]]',
46 => 'At the end of his regency, Si Suriyawonse was raised to [[Thai royal and noble titles#Somdej Chao Phraya|Somdet Chao Phraya]], the highest title a noble could attain. Si Suriyawongse was the most powerful noble of the 19th century. His family, [[Bunnag]], was a powerful one, of Persian descent. It dominated Siamese politics since the reign of [[Rama I]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodhouse |first= Leslie |date=Spring 2012 |title= Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/7977573.0002.202/--concubines-with-cameras-royal-siamese-consorts-picturing?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Women's Camera Work: Asia |volume= 2|issue=2 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Chulalongkorn then [[incest|married four of his half-sisters]], all daughters of Mongkut: [[Savang Vadhana]], [[Saovabha]], and [[Sunandha]] (Mongkut with [[Piam|concubine Piam]]), and [[Sukumalmarsri]] (Monkut with [[:th:เจ้าคุณจอมมารดาสำลี ในรัชกาลที่ 4|concubine Samli]]).{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}',
47 => '',
48 => 'Chulalongkorn's first reform was to establish the "Auditory Office" (Th: หอรัษฎากรพิพัฒน์), solely responsible for tax collection, to replace corrupt tax collectors. As tax collectors had been under the aegis of various nobles and thus a source of their wealth, this reform caused great consternation among the nobility, especially the Front Palace. From the time of King Mongkut, the Front Palace had been the equivalent of a "second king", with one-third of national revenue allocated to it. Prince Yingyot of the Front Palace was known to be on friendly terms with many Britons, at a time when the British Empire was considered the enemy of Siam.',
49 => '',
50 => 'In 1874, Chulalongkorn established the Council of State as a legislative body and a privy council as his personal advisory board based on the British [[privy council]]. Council members were appointed by the monarch.',
51 => '',
52 => '===Front Palace crisis===',
53 => '{{Main|Front Palace crisis}}',
54 => '',
55 => 'On the night of 28 December 1874, a fire broke out near the gunpowder storehouse and gasworks in the main palace. Front Palace troops quickly arrived, fully armed, "to assist in putting out the fire". They were denied entrance and the fire was extinguished.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=David K.|title=Thailand: A Short History|year=1982|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|isbn=0-300-03054-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/thailand00davi}}</ref>{{RP|193}} The incident demonstrated the considerable power wielded by aristocrats and royal relatives, leaving the king little power. Reducing the power held by the nobility became one of his main motives in reforming Siam's feudal politics.',
56 => '',
57 => 'When Prince Yingyot died in 1885, Chulalongkorn took the opportunity to abolish the titular Front Palace and created the title of "[[Crown Prince of Thailand|Crown Prince of Siam]]" in line with Western custom. Chulalongkorn's son, Prince [[Vajirunhis]], was appointed the first Crown Prince of Siam, though he never reigned. In 1895, when the prince died of typhoid at age 16, he was succeeded by his half-brother [[Vajiravudh]], who was then at boarding school in England.',
58 => '',
59 => '===Haw insurgency===',
60 => '[[Image:KING-CHULALONG-KORN.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The young king in western dress]]',
61 => '{{Main|Haw wars}}',
62 => 'In the northern [[Laos|Laotian lands]] bordering China, the insurgents of the [[Taiping Rebellion]] had taken refuge since the reign of King Mongkut. These Chinese were called ''Haw'' and became bandits, pillaging the villages. In 1875, Chulalongkorn sent troops from Bangkok to crush the Haw who had ravaged as far as [[Vientiane]]. However, they met strong Chinese resistance and retreated to [[Isan]] in 1885. New, modernized forces were sent again and were divided into two groups approaching the Haw from Chiang Kam and Pichai. The Haw scattered and some fled to [[Vietnam]]. The Siamese armies proceeded to eliminate the remaining Haw. The city of [[Nong Khai]] maintains memorials for the Siamese dead.',
63 => '',
64 => '===Third Anglo-Burmese War===',
65 => '{{Main|Third Anglo-Burmese War}}',
66 => 'In Burma, while the British Army fought the Burmese [[Konbaung Dynasty]], Siam remained neutral. Britain had agreements with the Bangkok government, which stated that if the British were in conflict with Burma, Siam would send food supplies to the British Army. Chulalongkorn honored the agreement. The British thought that he would send an army to help defeat the Burmese, but he did not do so.',
67 => '',
68 => '===Military and political reforms===',
69 => '[[File:Devavongse, Chulalongkorn, Damrong.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Prince [[Devawongse Varopakarn]] (Foreign Minister), King Chulalongkorn and Prince [[Damrong Rajanubhab]] (Interior Minister). During his reign the king employed his brothers and sons in the government, ensuring royal monopoly on power and administration.]]',
70 => 'Freed of the Front Palace and Chinese rebellions, Chulalongkorn initiated modernization and centralization reforms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vechbanyongratana|first1=Jessica|last2=Paik|first2=Christopher|date=2019|title=Path to Centralization and Development: Evidence from Siam|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/path-to-centralization-and-development/ADEB6B15346131BF0BA8BA728B4D61C7|journal=World Politics|language=en|volume=71|issue=2|pages=289–331|doi=10.1017/S0043887118000321|s2cid=159375909|issn=0043-8871}}</ref> He established the [[Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy|Royal Military Academy]] in 1887 to train officers in Western fashion. His upgraded forces provided the king much more power to centralize the country.',
71 => '',
72 => 'The government of Siam had remained largely unchanged since the 15th century. The central government was headed by the ''Samuha Nayok'' (i.e., prime minister), who controlled the northern parts of Siam, and the ''Samuha Kalahom'' (i.e., grand commander), who controlled southern Siam in both civil and military affairs. The Samuha Nayok presided over the ''Chatu Sadombh'' (i.e., Four Pillars). The responsibilities of each pillar overlapped and were ambiguous. In 1888, Chulalongkorn moved to institute a government of ministries. Ministers were, at the outset, members of the royal family. Ministries were established in 1892, with all ministries having equal status.',
73 => '',
74 => 'The Council of State proved unable to veto legal drafts or to give Chulalongkorn advice because the members regarded Chulalongkorn as an absolute monarch, far above their station. Chulalongkorn dissolved the council altogether and transferred advisory duties to the cabinet in 1894.',
75 => '',
76 => 'Chulalongkorn abolished the traditional Nakorn Bala methods of torture in the judiciary process, which were seen as inhumane and barbaric to Western eyes, and introduced a Western judicial code. His Belgian advisor, [[Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns|Rolin-Jaequemyns]], played a great role in the development of modern Siamese law and its judicial system.',
77 => '',
78 => '===Call for democracy===',
79 => '{{Chakri Kings}}',
80 => '[[Image:Chulalongkorn and Princes.jpg|thumb|left|King Chulalongkorn with a few of his sons at [[Eton College]] in the United Kingdom in 1907]]',
81 => 'Chulalongkorn was the first Siamese king to send royal princes to [[Europe]] to be educated. In 19th century Europe, nationalism flourished and there were calls for more liberty. The princes were influenced by the liberal notions of [[democracy]] and elections they encountered in republics like [[Third French Republic|France]] and [[constitutional monarchies]] like the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].',
82 => '',
83 => 'In 1884 (year 103 of the [[Thai solar calendar|Rattakosin Era]]), Siamese officials in London and Paris warned Chulalongkorn of threats from European colonialism. They advised that Siam should be reformed like [[Meiji Era|Meiji Japan]] and that Siam should become a constitutional monarchy. Chulalongkorn demurred, stating that the time was not ripe and that he himself was making reforms.',
84 => '',
85 => 'Throughout Chulalongkorn's reign, writers with radical ideas had their works published for the first time. The most notable ones included [[Thianwan Wannapho]], who had been imprisoned for 17 years and from prison produced many works criticizing traditional Siamese society.',
86 => '',
87 => '==Conflict with French Indochina==',
88 => '[[File:Young king Chulalongkorn 1872.jpg|thumb|left|King Chulalongkorn in 1872]]',
89 => '{{main|Franco-Siamese War}}',
90 => 'In 1863, King [[Norodom]] of Cambodia was forced to put his country under French protection. The cession of Cambodia was officially formulated in 1867. However, Inner Cambodia (as called in Siam) consisting of [[Battambang]], [[Siem Reap]], and [[Srisopon]], remained a Siamese possession. This was the first of many territorial cessions.',
91 => '',
92 => 'In 1887, French Indochina was formed from Vietnam and [[Cambodia]]. In 1888, French troops invaded northern Laos to subjugate the Heo insurgents. However, the French troops never left, and the French demanded more Laotian lands. In 1893 [[Auguste Pavie]], the French vice-consul of [[Luang Prabang]], requested the cession of all Laotian lands east of the [[Mekong River]]. Siam resented the demand, leading to the [[Franco–Siamese War]] of 1893.',
93 => '',
94 => 'The French gunboat ''Le Lutin'' entered the [[Chao Phraya]] and anchored near the French consulate ready to attack. Fighting was observed in Laos. ''Inconstant'' and ''Comete'' were attacked in Chao Phraya, and the French sent an ultimatum: an indemnity of three million francs, as well as the cession of and withdrawal from Laos. Siam did not accept the ultimatum. French troops then blockaded the [[Gulf of Siam]] and occupied [[Chantaburi]] and [[Trat]]. Chulalongkorn sent Rolin-Jacquemyns to negotiate. The issue was eventually settled with the cession of Laos in 1893, but the French troops in Chantaburi and Trat refused to leave.',
95 => '',
96 => 'The cession of vast Laotian lands had a major impact on Chulalongkorn's spirit. Prince [[Vajirunhis]] died in 1894. Prince [[Vajiravudh]] was created crown prince to replace him. Chulalongkorn realised the importance of maintaining the navy and established the [[Royal Thai Navy Academy|Royal Thai Naval Academy]] in 1898.',
97 => '',
98 => 'Despite Siamese concessions, French armies continued the occupation of Chantaburi and Trat for another 10 years. An agreement was reached in 1903 that French troops would leave Chantaburi but hold the coast land from Trat to [[Koh Kong Province|Koh Kong]]. In 1906, the final agreement was reached. Trat was returned to Siam but the French kept Koh Kong and received Inner Cambodia.',
99 => '',
100 => 'Seeing the seriousness of foreign affairs, Chulalongkorn visited Europe in 1897. He was the first Siamese monarch to do so, and he desired European recognition of Siam as a fully independent power. He appointed his queen, Saovabha, as regent in Siam during his travel to Europe.',
101 => '',
102 => '==Reforms==',
103 => '[[File:Ruling-monarchs.jpg|210px|right|thumb|upright|Postcard from 1908, depicting King Chulalongkorn (above left) with contemporary monarchs]]',
104 => 'Siam had been composed of a network of cities according to the [[Mandala (Southeast Asian political model)|Mandala system]] codified by King [[Trailokanat#Reforms|Trailokanat]] in 1454, with local rulers owing tribute to [[Bangkok]]. Each city retained a substantial degree of autonomy, as Siam was not a "state" but a "network" of city-states. With the rise of European colonialism, the Western concept of state and territorial division was introduced. It had to define explicitly which lands were "Siamese" and which lands were "foreign". The conflict with the French in 1893 was an example.',
105 => '',
106 => '=== Sukhaphiban districts ===',
107 => '[[Sukhaphiban]] ({{lang|th|สุขาภิบาล}}) [[sanitary district]]s were the first sub-autonomous entities established in Thailand. The first such was created in Bangkok, by royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. During his European tour earlier that year, he had learned about the sanitary districts of England, and wanted to try out this local administrative unit in his capital.',
108 => '',
109 => '=== Monthon system ===',
110 => 'With his experiences during the travel to British colonies and the suggestion of [[Prince Damrong]], Chulalongkorn established the hierarchical system of [[monthon]]s in 1897, composed of [[Provinces of Thailand|province]], [[Mueang#Thailand|city]], ''[[amphoe]]'', ''[[tambon]]'', and ''[[muban]]'' (village) in descending order. (Though an entire monthon, the Eastern Province, Inner Cambodia, was ceded to the French in 1906). Each monthon was overseen by an [[intendant]] of the [[Ministry of Interior (Thailand)|Ministry of Interior]]. This had a major impact, as it ended the power of all local dynasties. Central authority now spread all over the country through the administration of intendants. For example, the [[Lanna]] states in the north (including the [[Kingdom of Chiangmai]], Principalities of [[Lampang]], [[Lamphun]], [[Nan, Thailand|Nan]], and [[Prae]], tributaries to Bangkok) were made into two monthons, neglecting the existence of the [[List of the Kings of Lanna#Lanna states under Siamese tributary 1775–1899|Lanna kings]].',
111 => '',
112 => 'Local rulers did not cede power willingly. Three rebellions sprang up in 1901: the [[Ngeaw rebellion]] in [[Phrae]], the 1901–1902 [[Holy Man's Rebellion|Holy Man's Rebellion]]<ref name="JSS_062_1e_Murdoch">{{cite journal | last = Murdoch | first = John B. |year= 1974',
113 => '|title= The 1901–1902 Holy Man's Rebellion |journal= [[Journal of the Siam Society]] |volume= JSS Vol.62.1 |issue= digital |no-pp= <!-- hides automatic 'p' or 'pp'. -->|publisher= Siam Heritage Trust |url= http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_062_1e_Murdoch_1901to1902HolyMansRebellion.pdf|access-date= 2 April 2013',
114 => '|quote= The background to the rebellion must be sought in the factors that led up to the situation in the Lower Mekong at the turn of the century. Prior to the late nineteenth century reforms of King Chulalongkorn, the territory of the Siamese Kingdom was divided into three administrative categories. First were the inner provinces which were in four classes depending on their distance from Bangkok or the importance of their local ruling houses. Second were the outer provinces, which were situated between the inner provinces and further distant tributary states. Finally there were the tributary states which were on the periphery....}}</ref> in [[History of Isan#Siam|Isan]], and the [[Rebellion of Seven Sultans]] in the south. All these rebellions were crushed in 1902 with the city rulers stripped of their power and imprisoned.<ref name="JSS_062_1e_Murdoch"/>',
115 => '',
116 => '===Abolition of corvée and slavery===',
117 => '[[File:King and Tsar.jpg|210px|thumb|upright|King Chulalongkorn with Tsar [[Nicholas II]] in Saint Petersburg, during his first Grand Tour in 1897]]',
118 => '[[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] King [[Ramathibodi II#Establishment of Corvée system|Ramathibodi II established a system]] of [[corvée]] in 1518 after which the lives of Siamese commoners and slaves were closely regulated by the government. All [[Thai royal and noble titles#Phrai|Siamese common men]] ({{lang|th-Latn|phrai}} [[:th:ไพร่|ไพร่)]] were subject to the Siamese corvée system. Each man at the time of his majority had to register with a government bureau, department, or leading member of the royalty called {{lang|th-Latn|krom}} ({{lang|th|กรม}}) as a {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Luang}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่หลวง}}) or under a nobleman's dominion ({{lang|th-Latn|Moon Nai}} or {{lang|th-Latn|Chao Khun Moon Nai}} {{lang|th|มูลนาย หรือเจ้าขุนมูลนาย}}) as a {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Som}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่สม}}). {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai}} owed service to sovereign or master for three months of the year. {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Suay}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่ส่วย}}) were those who could make payment [[in kind]] (cattle) in lieu of service. Those conscripted into military service were called {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Tahan}} ({{lang|th|ไพร่ทหาร}}).',
119 => '',
120 => 'Chulalongkorn was best known for his abolition of [[Siamese slavery]] ([[:th:ทาส|ทาส]].) He associated the abolition of slavery in the United States with the bloodshed of the [[American Civil War]]. Chulalongkorn, to prevent such a bloodbath in Siam, provided several steps towards the abolition of slavery, not an extreme turning point from servitude to total freedom. Those who found themselves unable to live on their own sold themselves into slavery by rich noblemen. Likewise, when a debt was defaulted, the borrower would become a slave of the lender. If the debt was redeemed, the slave regained freedom.',
121 => '',
122 => 'However, those whose parents were household slaves (ทาสในเรือนเบี้ย) were bound to be slaves forever because their redemption price was extremely high.',
123 => '',
124 => 'Because of economic conditions, people sold themselves into slavery in great numbers and in turn they produced a large number of household slaves. In 1867 they accounted for one-third of Siamese population. In 1874, Chulalongkorn enacted a law that lowered the redemption price of household slaves born in 1867 (his ascension year) and freed all of them when they had reached 21.',
125 => '',
126 => 'The newly freed slaves would have time to settle themselves as farmers or merchants so they would not become unemployed. In 1905, the ''[[Slave Abolition Act]]'' ended Siamese slavery in all forms. The reverse of 100 [[Thai baht|baht]] banknotes in circulation since the 2005 centennial depict Chulalongkorn in navy uniform abolishing the slave tradition.',
127 => '',
128 => 'The traditional corvée system declined after the [[Bowring Treaty]], which gave rise to a new class of employed labourers not regulated by the government, while many noblemen continued to hold sway over large numbers of {{lang|th-Latn|Phrai Som}}. Chulalongkorn needed more effective control of manpower to undo the power of nobility. After the establishment of the [[monthon]] system, Chulalongkorn instituted a census to count all men available to the government. The ''[[Employment Act (Siam)|Employment Act]]'' of 1900 required that all workers be paid, not forced to work.',
129 => '',
130 => '===Establishment of a modern army and modern land ownership===',
131 => '[[File:Grand Palace Bangkok, Thailand.jpg|thumb|right|The Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall in the [[Grand Palace]] was completed in 1882.]]',
132 => '[[File:VimanmekMansion.jpg|thumb|right|The king built the [[Vimanmek Palace]], 1900. He began the construction of the [[Dusit Palace]] at the same time.]]',
133 => '[[File:พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม เขตดุสิต กรุงเทพมหานคร (4).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall]] was built in 1908 as a reception hall.]]',
134 => 'Chulalongkorn had established a [[Kalahom#History|defence ministry]] in 1887. The ending of the corvée system necessitated the beginning of military [[conscription]], thus the ''[[Conscription Act (Siam)|Conscription Act]]'' of 1905 in Siam. This was followed in 1907 by the first act providing for invoking [[martial law#Thailand|martial law]], which seven years later was changed to its modern form by his son and successor, King Vajiravudh.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thailawforum.com/laws/Martial%20Law.pdf|title= Martial Law, B.E. 2457 (1914) – unofficial translation|access-date= 21 May 2014|author= Pakorn Nilprapunt|year= 2006|website= thailawforum.com|publisher= Office of the Council of State',
135 => '|quote= Reference to Thai legislation in any jurisdiction shall be to the Thai version only. This translation has been made so as to establish correct understanding about this Act to the foreigners.}}</ref>',
136 => '',
137 => 'The [[Royal Thai Survey Department]], a Special Services Group of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, engaged in [[cadastral survey]], which is the survey of specific land parcels to define ownership for [[land registration]], and for equitable [[tax]]ation. Land [[Title deeds|title deed]]s are issued using the [[Torrens title]] system, though it was not until the year 1901 that the first–fruits of this survey were obtained.<ref name=Giblin>{{cite book |title=Twentieth century impressions of Siam |last= Giblin |first= R.W. |editor1-last= Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|editor2-last= Breakspear|editor2-first= Oliver T |year=2008 |orig-year=1908|publisher=Lloyds Greater Britain Publishing Company|location=London&c |pages= 121–127 |chapter= Royal Survey Work.|chapter-url=https://archive.org/download/twentiethcentury00wrigrich/twentiethcentury00wrigrich.pdf|chapter-format=65.3 MB| access-date=7 October 2011}}</ref>',
138 => '',
139 => '===Abolition of prostration===',
140 => 'In 1873, the ''Royal Siamese Government Gazette'' published an announcement on the abolition of [[wikt:prostration|prostration]]. In it, King Chulalongkorn declared, "The practice of prostration in Siam is severely oppressive. The subordinates have been forced to prostrate in order to elevate the dignity of the ''phu yai''. I do not see how the practice of prostration will render any benefit to Siam. The subordinates find the performance of prostration a harsh physical practice. They have to go down on their knees for a long time until their business with the ''phu yai'' ends. They will then be allowed to stand up and retreat. This kind of practice is the source of oppression. Therefore, I want to abolish it." The ''Gazette'' directed that, "From now on, Siamese are permitted to stand up before the dignitaries. To display an act of respect, the Siamese may take a bow instead. Taking a bow will be regarded as a new form of paying respect."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chachavalpongpun|first1=Pavin|title=Chulalongkorn abolished prostration|url=http://www.newmandala.org/chulalongkorn-abolished-prostration/|access-date=27 November 2016|work=New Mandala|date=14 May 2011}}</ref>',
141 => '',
142 => '===Civic works===',
143 => 'The construction of railways in Siam had a political motivation: to connect all of the country so as to better maintain control of it.',
144 => '',
145 => 'In 1901, the first railway was opened from Bangkok to [[Nakhon Ratchasima|Korat]]. In the same year, the first power plant of Siam produced electricity and electric lights first illuminated roadways.',
146 => '',
147 => 'In 1906 King Chulalongkorn adopted a [[Semang]] orphan boy named Khanung.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodhouse |first= Leslie |date=Spring 2012 |title= Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/tap/7977573.0002.202/--concubines-with-cameras-royal-siamese-consorts-picturing?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Women's Camera Work: Asia |volume= 2|issue= 2 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref>',
148 => '',
149 => '===Relations with the British Empire===',
150 => '{{Main|Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909}}',
151 => 'Siamese authorities had exercised substantial control over Malay sultanates since Ayutthaya times. The sultans sought British support as a counterweight to Siamese influence. In 1909, the [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909]] was agreed. Four sultanates ([[Kedah]], [[Kelantan]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Perlis]]) were brought under British influence in exchange for Siamese legal rights and a loan to construct railways in southern Siam.',
152 => '',
153 => '==Family==',
154 => '{{Main|List of children of Chulalongkorn}}',
155 => 'King Chulalongkorn was a prolific producer of children. He had 92 consorts during his lifetime who produced 77 surviving [[List of children of Chulalongkorn|children]].<ref name = "thailand">{{cite book| author = Christopher John Baker|author2=Pasuk Phongpaichit | title = A History of Thailand| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdueeBj1H0C&pg=PA31| year = 2009| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-76768-2| page = 31| access-date = 9 August 2016 }}</ref>',
156 => '',
157 => '==Death and legacy==',
158 => '[[File:King Rama V Equestrian Monument.jpg|thumb|left|[[Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn]] at [[Royal Plaza (Thailand)|Royal Plaza]]]]',
159 => '[[File:Royal Funerary Urn of King Chulalongkorn on Conveyor to the Funeral Pyre.jpg|thumb|250px|Royal funeral ceremony of King Chulalongkorn in 1911 at [[Sanam Luang]], [[Bangkok]].]]',
160 => 'The royal [[Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn]] was finished in 1908 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the king's reign. It was cast in bronze by a Parisian metallurgist.',
161 => '',
162 => 'Chulalongkorn had visited Europe twice, in 1897 and 1907. In 1897 he travelled widely through Europe, learning all he could on many subjects to benefit the Siamese people. He travelled and visited many European royal families. He spent much time in Britain and was inspired, among other things, to improve the health of his people by creating public health, or sanitary districts. In Sweden he studied the Forestry system. The 1907 visit was to his son's at school in Britain and to consult with European doctors in pursuit of a cure for his kidney disease.',
163 => '',
164 => 'King Chulalongkorn died on 23 October 1910 of kidney disease at the [[Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall]] in the [[Dusit Palace]], and was succeeded by his son [[Vajiravudh]] (King Rama VI).',
165 => '',
166 => '[[Chulalongkorn University]], founded in 1917 as the first university in Thailand, was named in his honour. On the campus stand the statues of Rama V and his son, Rama VI.',
167 => '',
168 => 'In 1997 a [[King Chulalongkorn Memorial Building|memorial pavilion]] was raised in honour of King Chulalongkorn in [[Ragunda]], Sweden. This was done to commemorate King Chulalongkorn's visit to [[Sweden]] in 1897 when he also visited the [[Brussels International Exposition (1897)|World's Fair in Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thai-blogs.com/2010/11/16/hm-king-chulalongkorns-1897-journey-to-europe/ | title=HM King Chulalongkorn's 1897 Journey to Europe | publisher=WordPress | work=Thai Blogs | date=16 November 2010 | access-date=6 July 2018 | author=Tips, Walter E. J. }}</ref> During the time when Swedish–Norwegian king [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]] travelled to [[Norway]] for a council, Chulalongkorn went up north to study forestry. Beginning in [[Härnösand]] and travelling via [[Sollefteå]] and [[Ragunda]] he mounted a boat in the small village of Utanede in order to take him back through [[Sundsvall]] to [[Stockholm]].<ref>Nilsson Sören, Nilsson Ingvar.: Kung Chulalongkorns Norrlandsresa 1897. 34 pages in Swedish. Fors hembygdsförening 1985</ref> His passage through Utanede left a mark on the village as one street was named after the king. The pavilion is erected next to that road.',
169 => '',
170 => 'The old 100 baht banknote of Series 14, circulated from 1994 to 2004, bears the statues of Rama V and Rama VI on its reverse. In 2005, the 100 baht banknote was revised to depict King Chulalongkorn in naval uniform and, in the background, abolishing slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=100 Baht Series 15|url=https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/100_15.aspx|website=Bank of Thailand|publisher=Bank of Thailand}}</ref>',
171 => 'The 1,000 baht banknote of Series 16, issued in 2015, depicts the King Chulalongkorn monument, Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall, and the abolition of slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=1,000 Baht Series 16| url=https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/1000_16.aspx| website=Bank of Thailand|publisher=Bank of Thailand}}</ref>',
172 => '',
173 => '==Honours==',
174 => '{{Infobox royal styles',
175 => '|royal name = King Chulalongkorn <br/> Rama V of Siam',
176 => '|image = [[File:Standard of the King of Siam (Rama V).svg|170px]]',
177 => '|dipstyle = [[Majesty|His Royal Majesty]]',
178 => '|offstyle = Your Royal Majesty',
179 => '}}',
180 => '[[File:Coat of Arms of Siam (1873-1910).svg|thumb|right|Royal [[coat of arms]] of the Kingdom of Siam, introduced by King Chulalongkorn, the arms was the [[Emblem of Siam]] from 1878 to 1910.]]',
181 => '',
182 => '=== Military ranks ===',
183 => '* [[Field marshal (Thailand)|Field Marshal]] of the [[Royal Thai Army|Royal Siamese Army]]<ref>http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2446/035/603.PDF</ref>',
184 => '* [[List of admirals of the fleet (Thailand)|Admiral of the Fleet]] of the [[Royal Thai Navy|Royal Siamese Navy]]<ref>https://www.navy.mi.th/index.php/history/detail/history_id/14</ref>',
185 => '',
186 => '=== National honours ===',
187 => '* [[File:Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the White Elephant|Grand Cross of the White Elephant]], with Collar',
188 => '* [[File:Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Nine Gems|Knight of the Nine Gems]], with Collar',
189 => '* [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Crown of Thailand|Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam]], ''1869'' ',
190 => '* [[File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of Chula Chom Klao|Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao]], ''16 November 1873''',
191 => '* [[File:Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg|50px]] Founder and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri|Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''1882''',
192 => '* [[File:Dushdi Mala - Military (Thailand).svg|50px]] Dushdi Mala Medal',
193 => '* [[File:Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] Chakra Mala Medal',
194 => '* [[File:King Rama IV Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Mongkut's Royal Cypher Medal',
195 => '* [[File:King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Chulalongkorn's Royal Cypher Medal',
196 => '* [[File:King Rama V Rajaruchi Medal (Thailand) ribbon.png|50px]] King Chulalongkorn's Rajaruchi Medal',
197 => '',
198 => '=== Foreign honours ===',
199 => '* [[Image:Ord.S.Stef.Ungh. - GC.png|50px]] [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''1868'' ([[Austria-Hungary]])<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>',
200 => '* [[File:ESP Charles III Order GC.svg|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], ''5 August 1871'';<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1887|access-date=21 March 2019|page=158|lang=es}}</ref> with Collar, ''16 October 1897'' ([[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]])<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000978365&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1901|access-date=28 July 2020|page=170|language=es}}</ref>',
201 => '* [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|Honorary Grand Cross of St Michael and St George]], ''3 August 1878'' ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]])<ref name=p430>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n429/mode/2up p. 338]</ref>',
202 => '* [[Image:Royal Order of Kamehameha I Grand Cross.gif|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I|Order of Kamehameha I]], ''1881'' ([[Kingdom of Hawaii]])<ref>Kalakaua to his sister, 12 May 1881, quoted in Greer, Richard A. (editor, 1967) "[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/186/JL05085.pdf The Royal Tourist—Kalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London]", ''Hawaiian Journal of History'', vol. 5, p. 83</ref>',
203 => '* [[File:St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg|50px]] [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav]], ''23 November 1884'' ([[Sweden-Norway]])<ref>{{citation|title=Norges Statskalender|year=1890|pages=595–596|url=http://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0356.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=no}}</ref>',
204 => '* [[File:Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''11 July 1887'' (Sweden-Norway)<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1905|page=440|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv}}</ref>',
205 => '* [[Image:JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], ''6 October 1887'' ([[Empire of Japan]])<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=144}}</ref>',
206 => '* [[Image:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''8 January 1892'' ([[Denmark]])<ref>{{cite book |year=1900 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1900 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1900 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918013.pdf#page=34 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=3 |access-date=16 September 2019 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>',
207 => '* [[File:Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg|50px]] [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus|Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], ''1887'' ([[Kingdom of Italy]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2435/030/249.PDF|title=ราชทูตอิตาลีเฝ้าทูลละอองธุลีพระบาท ถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์}}</ref>',
208 => '* [[Image:RUS Imperial Order of Saint Andrew ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''1891'' ([[Russian Empire]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2434/016/142_1.PDF|title=ข่าวทูตรุสเซียฝ้าทูลละอองธุลีพระบาทถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์}}</ref>',
209 => '* [[File:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation BAR.svg|50px]] [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''24 December 1891'' (Kingdom of Italy)<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>',
210 => '* [[File:PRT Three Orders BAR.png|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Three Orders]], ''1897'' ([[Kingdom of Portugal]])<ref>{{citation|author=José Martins|title=O Rei Chulalongkorn do Sião Visitou Portugal|language=pt|via=aquimaria.com|url=http://www.aquimaria.com/html/aboutth-chulalongkorn.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104355/http://www.aquimaria.com/html/aboutth-chulalongkorn.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2016|website=History between Portugal and Thailand|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>',
211 => '* [[File:Ord.Aquilanera.png|50px]] [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''1897'' ([[German Empire]])',
212 => '* [[File:BAD Order of Fidelity ribbon.svg|50px]] Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1897'' ([[Grand Duchy of Baden]])<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1902), "Großherzogliche Orden" [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1879965 p. 67]</ref>',
213 => '* [[File:Bavaria012.png|50px]] [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1906'' ([[Kingdom of Bavaria]])<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n39 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern]'' (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. 8</ref>',
214 => '* [[File:D-HAN-B-Order Henry Lion BAR.png|50px]] [[Order of Henry the Lion|Grand Cross of Henry the Lion]], ''1907'' ([[Duchy of Brunswick]])<ref>''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908''. Braunschweig 1908. Meyer. p. 9</ref>'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">5th King of Siam, also known as King Rama V</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the King of Siam. For the university named after him, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University" title="Chulalongkorn University">Chulalongkorn University</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
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<p>{{Infobox royalty
|name = Chulalongkorn<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">จุฬาลงกรณ์</span>
|title = King Rama V
|succession = <a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Siam">King of Siam</a>
|image = Chulalongkorn_LoC.jpg
|image_size =
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Ancestry"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancestry</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancestry">Ancestry</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancestry">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;width:auto">Ancestors of Chulalongkorn</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">16. (=22.) Thongdi, Prince Father</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddha_Yodfa_Chulaloke" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke">Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">17. (=23.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. (=24.) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Buddha Loetla Nabhalai</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">18. Thong Na Bangxang</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amarindra" title="Amarindra">Amarindra</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">19. Princess Rupsirisobhak Mahanagnari</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">20. Unknown<br />Chinese from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_(surname)" title="Chen (surname)">Tan clan</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. Ngeon <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_(surname)" title="Chen (surname)">Sae-tan</a> (Bhamornsut)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">21. Unknown<br />Lady Noi Chamnanborirak's sister</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sri_Suriyendra" title="Sri Suriyendra">Sri Suriyendra</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">22. (=16.) Thongdi, Prince Father</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Kaew, Princess Sri Sudarak</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">23. (=17.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Chulalongkorn</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">24. (=4.) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Buddha Loetla Nabhalai</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nangklao" class="mw-redirect" title="Nangklao">Nangklao</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">25. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sri_Sulalai" title="Sri Sulalai">Sri Suralai</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. Sirivonge, Prince Matayaphitaksa</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">26. Lord Aksornsombat (Thab)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Sab</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">27. Bhong</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Debsirindra" title="Debsirindra">Debsirindra</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. But</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Noi</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">30. Unknown</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Chaem</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">31. Muang Suragupta</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:
<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chulalongkorn" class="extiw" title="commons:Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a></i></b> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chulalongkorn" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chulalongkorn">category</a>)</div></td></tr>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_children_of_Chulalongkorn" title="List of children of Chulalongkorn">List of children of Chulalongkorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_with_the_most_children" title="List of people with the most children">List of people with the most children</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ananda_Mahidol" title="Ananda Mahidol">King Ananda Mahidol</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">King Bhumibol Adulyadej</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/chulalongkorn#">Chulalongkorn – Definition of Chulalongkorn</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiangmaibest.com/chiang-mai-events-thailand-holidays/king-chulalongkorn-day/">King Chulalongkorn Day</a> at Chiang Mai Best</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Film/?movieid=1&returnurl=http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Sok/?q%3d%2b">A clip of King Chulalongkorns 1897 visit to Sweden</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/24667/pages/105">Investiture of His Majesty Somdetch Pra Paramindr Maha Chulalonkorn, King of Siam, with the Ensigns of a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watflorida.org/pages/RamaV.htm">Biography of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn Rama V</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Chulalongkorn </div><div><b>Chakri Dynasty</b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 20 September 1853</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 23 October 1910</span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Siam">King of Siam</a></b><br />1868–1910
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Vajiravudh</a></span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Thailand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;border:1px; background: #F0DC82"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Thailand" title="Template:Monarchs of Thailand"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;border:1px; background: #F0DC82;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Thailand" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;border:1px; background: #F0DC82;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Monarchs_of_Thailand&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;border:1px; background: #F0DC82;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Thailand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchs of Thailand</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;"><div id="Thai_monarchs&#039;_family_tree"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thai_monarchs%27_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai monarchs' family tree">Thai monarchs' family tree</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1238–1438)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Phra_Ruang_Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Phra Ruang Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Si_Inthrathit" title="Si Inthrathit">Si Inthrathit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ban_Mueang" title="Ban Mueang">Ban Mueang</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ram_Khamhaeng" title="Ram Khamhaeng">Ram Khamhaeng</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loe_Thai" title="Loe Thai">Loe Thai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ngua_Nam_Thum" title="Ngua Nam Thum">Ngua Nam Thum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Thammaracha_I" title="Maha Thammaracha I">Maha Thammaracha I (Lithai)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Thammaracha_II" title="Maha Thammaracha II">Maha Thammaracha II (Lue Thai)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Thammaracha_III" title="Maha Thammaracha III">Maha Thammaracha III (Sai Lue Thai)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Thammaracha_IV" title="Maha Thammaracha IV">Maha Thammaracha IV (Borommapan)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1350–1767)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Uthong Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uthong" title="Uthong">Ramathibodi I (Uthong)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramesuan_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" title="Ramesuan (king of Ayutthaya)">Ramesuan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramrachathirat" title="Ramrachathirat">Ramrachathirat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Suphannaphum Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borommarachathirat_I" title="Borommarachathirat I">Borommarachathirat I (Khun Luang Pa Ngua)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thong_Lan" title="Thong Lan">Thong Lan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intharacha_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" title="Intharacha (king of Ayutthaya)">Intha Racha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borommarachathirat_II" title="Borommarachathirat II">Borommarachathirat II (Chao Sam Phraya)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borommatrailokkanat" title="Borommatrailokkanat">Borommatrailokkanat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borommarachathirat_III" title="Borommarachathirat III">Borommarachathirat III</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramathibodi_II" title="Ramathibodi II">Ramathibodi II (Chettha)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borommarachathirat_IV" title="Borommarachathirat IV">Borommarachathirat IV (No Phutthangkun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ratsadathirat" title="Ratsadathirat">Ratsadathirat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chairachathirat" title="Chairachathirat">Chairachathirat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yotfa" title="Yotfa">Yotfa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worawongsathirat" title="Worawongsathirat">Worawongsathirat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(disputed)</span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Chakkraphat" title="Maha Chakkraphat">Maha Chakkraphat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahinthrathirat" title="Mahinthrathirat">Mahinthrathirat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Sukhothai Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahathammarachathirat_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahathammarachathirat (king of Ayutthaya)">Sanphet I (Mahathammarachathirat)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naresuan" title="Naresuan">Sanphet II (Naresuan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ekathotsarot" title="Ekathotsarot">Sanphet III (Ekathotsarot)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Si_Saowaphak" title="Si Saowaphak">Sanphet IV (Si Saowaphak)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Songtham" title="Songtham">Borommaracha I (Songtham)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chetthathirat" title="Chetthathirat">Borommaracha II (Chetthathirat)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Athittayawong" title="Athittayawong">Athittayawong</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Prasat Thong Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prasat_Thong" title="Prasat Thong">Sanphet V (Prasat Thong)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chai_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" title="Chai (king of Ayutthaya)">Sanphet VI (Chai)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Si_Suthammaracha" title="Si Suthammaracha">Sanphet VII (Si Suthammaracha)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narai" title="Narai">Ramathibodi III (Narai)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phetracha" title="Phetracha">Phetracha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suriyenthrathibodi" title="Suriyenthrathibodi">Sanphet VIII (Suriyenthrathibodi)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thai_Sa" title="Thai Sa">Sanphet IX (Thai Sa)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borommakot" title="Borommakot">Borommarachathirat V (Borommakot)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uthumphon" title="Uthumphon">Borommarachathirat VI (Uthumphon)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ekkathat" title="Ekkathat">Borommaracha III (Ekkathat)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thonburi_Kingdom" title="Thonburi Kingdom">Thonburi Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1767–1782)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Thonburi_Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;">Thonburi Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taksin" title="Taksin">Borommaracha IV (Taksin)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom">Rattanakosin</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1782–present)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chakri_Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; color:black;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;;width:11em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakri_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakri Dynasty">Chakri Dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III">Nangklao (Rama III)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut (Rama IV)</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chulalongkorn (Rama V)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Vajiravudh (Rama VI)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prajadhipok (Rama VII)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ananda_Mahidol" title="Ananda Mahidol">Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Aduyadej (Rama IX)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F0DC82, inset -2px -2px 0 #F0DC82;"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Thai_monarchs" title="List of Thai monarchs">List of Thai monarchs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rattanakosin_Period_(1782–1932)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Rattanakosin" title="Template:Rattanakosin"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Rattanakosin" title="Template talk:Rattanakosin"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Rattanakosin&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rattanakosin_Period_(1782–1932)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Rattanakosin Period (1782–1932)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;background:#B0C4DE">Monarchs</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:#B0C4DE">Individuals</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:#B0C4DE">Key events</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:33.3%;"><div>
<p><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakri_dynasty" title="Chakri dynasty">Chakri dynasty</a></b><br />
<b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Kings</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke</a> (Rama I)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai</a> (Rama II)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III">Nangklao</a> (Rama III)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> (Rama IV)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chulalongkorn</a> (Rama V)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Vajiravudh</a> (Rama VI)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prajadhipok</a> (Rama VII)</li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Front_Palace" title="Front Palace">Viceroys</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Sura_Singhanat" title="Maha Sura Singhanat">Maha Sura Singhanat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Maha Itsarasunthon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Senanurak" title="Maha Senanurak">Maha Senanurak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakdiphonlasep" title="Sakdiphonlasep">Maha Sakdi Polsep</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pinklao" title="Pinklao">Pinklao</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wichaichan" title="Wichaichan">Bowon Wichaichan</a></li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rear_Palace" title="Rear Palace">Deputy Viceroy</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anurak_Devesh" title="Anurak Devesh">Anurak Devesh</a></li></ul>
<p><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Thailand" title="Crown Prince of Thailand">Crown Prince</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajirunhis" title="Vajirunhis">Maha Vajirunhis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Maha Vajiravudh</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Hereditary Prince</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakrabongse_Bhuvanath" title="Chakrabongse Bhuvanath">Chakrabongse Bhuvanath</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asdang_Dejavudh" title="Asdang Dejavudh">Asdang Dejavudh</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:33.3%;"><div>
<p><b>Royalty</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajirananavarorasa" title="Vajirananavarorasa">Vajirananavarorasa</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bhanurangsi_Savangwongse" title="Bhanurangsi Savangwongse">Bhanurangsi Savangwongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devawongse_Varoprakarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Devawongse Varoprakarn">Devawongse Varoprakarn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damrong_Rajanubhab" title="Damrong Rajanubhab">Damrong Rajanubhab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narisara_Nuwattiwong" title="Narisara Nuwattiwong">Narisara Nuwattiwong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kashemsri_Subhayok" title="Kashemsri Subhayok">Kashemsri Subhayok</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jayanta_Mongkol" title="Jayanta Mongkol">Jayanta Mongkol</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakrabongse_Bhuvanath" title="Chakrabongse Bhuvanath">Chakrabongse Bhuvanath</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paribatra_Sukhumbandhu" title="Paribatra Sukhumbandhu">Paribatra Sukhumbandhu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitiyakara_Voralaksana" title="Kitiyakara Voralaksana">Kitiyakara Voralaksana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chirapravati_Voradej" title="Chirapravati Voradej">Chirapravati Voradej</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abhakara_Kiartivongse" title="Abhakara Kiartivongse">Abhakara Kiartivongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purachatra_Jayakara" title="Purachatra Jayakara">Purachatra Jayakara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yugala_Dighambara" title="Yugala Dighambara">Yugala Dighambara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wongsa_Dhiraj_Snid" title="Wongsa Dhiraj Snid">Wongsa Dhiraj Snid</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rangsit_Prayurasakdi" title="Rangsit Prayurasakdi">Rangsit Prayurasakdi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej" title="Mahidol Adulyadej">Mahidol Adulyadej</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_State_of_Siam" title="Supreme Council of State of Siam">Supreme Council of State of Siam</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Siamese</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thao_Thep_Krasattri_and_Thao_Si_Sunthon" title="Thao Thep Krasattri and Thao Si Sunthon">Thao Thep Krasattri and Thao Si Sunthon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunthorn_Phu" title="Sunthorn Phu">Sunthorn Phu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bodindecha" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodindecha">Bodindecha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prayurawongse" title="Prayurawongse">Prayurawongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somdet_Chaophraya_Sri_Suriwongse" title="Somdet Chaophraya Sri Suriwongse">Si Suriyawongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chaophraya_Thiphakorawong" title="Chaophraya Thiphakorawong">Thipakorawong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khana_Ratsadon" class="mw-redirect" title="Khana Ratsadon">Khana Ratsadon</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Foreigners</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ang_Eng" title="Ang Eng">Ang Eng</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Nguyễn Ánh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Beach_Bradley" title="Dan Beach Bradley">Dan Beach Bradley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Pallegoix" title="Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix">Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens">Anna Leonowens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bowring" title="John Bowring">John Bowring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gustave_Rolin-Jaequemyns" title="Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns">Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auguste_Pavie" title="Auguste Pavie">Auguste Pavie</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:33.3%;"><div>
<p><b>Key events</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thonburi_Kingdom" title="Thonburi Kingdom">Thonburi Kingdom (1768–1782)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Bangkok" title="History of Bangkok">Foundation of Bangkok</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Palace" title="Grand Palace">Grand Palace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_R%E1%BA%A1ch_G%E1%BA%A7m-Xo%C3%A0i_M%C3%BAt" title="Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút">Tây Sơn–Siam War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burmese%E2%80%93Siamese_War_(1785%E2%80%9386)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese–Siamese War (1785–86)">Nine Armies War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tha_Din_Daeng_campaign" title="Tha Din Daeng campaign">Ta Din Dang campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tavoy_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tavoy expedition (page does not exist)">Tavoy expedition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burmese%E2%80%93Siamese_War_(1809%E2%80%9312)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese–Siamese War (1809–12)">Invasion of Thalang</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Crawfurd#Mission_to_Siam_and_Cochin_China" title="John Crawfurd">Crawfurd Mission</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambodian_rebellion_(1811%E2%80%9312)" title="Cambodian rebellion (1811–12)">Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lao_rebellion_(1826%E2%80%9328)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao rebellion (1826–28)">Lao rebellion (1826–1828)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burney_Treaty" title="Burney Treaty">Burney Treaty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1831%E2%80%931834)" title="Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834)">Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1841%E2%80%931845)" title="Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)">Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bowring_Treaty" title="Bowring Treaty">Bowring Treaty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Front_Palace_Crisis" title="Front Palace Crisis">Front Palace Crisis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haw_wars" title="Haw wars">Haw wars</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco-Siamese_War" title="Franco-Siamese War">Franco-Siamese War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paknam_incident" title="Paknam incident">Paknam incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_Treaty_of_1909" title="Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909">Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palace_Revolt_of_1912" title="Palace Revolt of 1912">Palace Revolt of 1912</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">World War I</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siamese_Expeditionary_Forces" title="Siamese Expeditionary Forces">Siamese Expeditionary Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1924_Palace_Law_of_Succession" title="1924 Palace Law of Succession">1924 Palace Law of Succession</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Siamese revolution of 1932</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Thailand_(1932%E2%80%931973)" title="History of Thailand (1932–1973)">History of Thailand (1932–1973)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thai_princes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Thai_princes" title="Template:Thai princes"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Thai_princes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Thai princes (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Thai_princes&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thai_princes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thai princes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="The_generations_are_numbered_from_the_establishment_of_the_Chakri_dynasty_from_1782">The generations are numbered from the establishment of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakri_dynasty" title="Chakri dynasty">Chakri dynasty</a> from 1782</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">Rama I</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Chim</a>** (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maha_Senanurak" title="Maha Senanurak">Chui</a>**</li>
<li>Klai</li>
<li>Thapthim</li>
<li>Aphaiyathat</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakdiphonlasep" title="Sakdiphonlasep">Arunothai</a>**</li>
<li>Thap</li>
<li>Khantharot</li>
<li>Suriya</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paramanuchitchinorot" title="Paramanuchitchinorot">Wasukri</a></li>
<li>Chat</li>
<li>Suriyawong</li>
<li>Kraison<sup>X</sup></li>
<li>Darakon</li>
<li>Duang Chak</li>
<li>Suthat</li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg" class="image"><img alt="Standard of the Princes of Siam.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg/100px-Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg/150px-Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg/200px-Standard_of_the_Princes_of_Siam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="600" /></a> <br /><br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="Male Royalty's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/100px-Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/150px-Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/200px-Male_Royalty%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Rama II</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Ratchakuman</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pinklao" title="Pinklao">Chuthamani</a>**</li>
<li>Aphon</li>
<li>Mahamala</li>
<li>Pio</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III">Thap</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li>
<li>Nu Dam</li>
<li>Kluaimai</li>
<li>Niam</li>
<li>Khom Phet</li>
<li>Phanomwan</li>
<li>Kunchon</li>
<li>Thinnakon</li>
<li>Kusuma</li>
<li>Mang</li>
<li>Nok</li>
<li>Renu</li>
<li>Amphai</li>
<li>Amphon</li>
<li>Khattiyawong</li>
<li>Phaithun</li>
<li>Chum Saeng</li>
<li>Klang</li>
<li>To</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wongsa_Dhiraj_Snid" title="Wongsa Dhiraj Snid">Nuam</a></li>
<li>Khattiya</li>
<li>Morakot</li>
<li>Ninlarat</li>
<li>Nao</li>
<li>Arunwong</li>
<li>Kapitatha</li>
<li>Pramot</li>
<li>Keyun</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III">Rama III</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Krawi Wong</li>
<li>Khanechon</li>
<li>Lakkhananukhun</li>
<li>Dam</li>
<li>Komen</li>
<li>Siriwong</li>
<li>Ngonrot</li>
<li>Ladawan</li>
<li>Urai</li>
<li>Chumsai</li>
<li>Piak</li>
<li>Annop</li>
<li>Lam-yong</li>
<li>Chaloem Wong</li>
<li>Ammarit</li>
<li>Suban</li>
<li>Singhara</li>
<li>Chomphunut</li>
<li>Chinda</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama IV">Rama IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somanass" title="Somanass">Somanass</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chulalongkorn</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chaturonrasmi" title="Chaturonrasmi">Chaturonrasmi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bhanurangsi_Savangwongse" title="Bhanurangsi Savangwongse">Bhanurangsi Savangwongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narisara_Nuwattiwong" title="Narisara Nuwattiwong">Chit Charoen</a></li>
<li>Nopphawong</li>
<li>Supradit</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kashemsanta_Sobhaga" title="Kashemsanta Sobhaga">Kasemsan Sophak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajirananavarorasa" title="Vajirananavarorasa">Manusyanaga Manob</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daksinavat" title="Daksinavat">Daksinavat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gagananga_Yukala" title="Gagananga Yukala">Gagananga Yukala</a></li>
<li>Chumphon Somphot</li>
<li>Sukkha Sawatdi</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kashemsri_Subhayok" title="Kashemsri Subhayok">Kashemsri Subhayok</a></li>
<li>Sawet Woralap</li>
<li>Kamalat Loesan</li>
<li>Chaiyanuchit</li>
<li>Charun Ritthidet</li>
<li>Thawi Thawanlap</li>
<li>Kap Kanok-rat</li>
<li>Kritsadaphinihan</li>
<li>Chaloem Laksanaloet</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Srisiddhi_Thongjaya" title="Srisiddhi Thongjaya">Srisiddhi Thongjaya</a></li>
<li>Watthananuwong</li>
<li>Damrong Rit</li>
<li>Thongkong Kon Yai</li>
<li>Thongthaem Thawanwong</li>
<li>Charoen Rung Rasi</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unakan_Ananta_Norajaya" title="Unakan Ananta Norajaya">Unakan Ananta Norajaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devawongse_Varoprakar" title="Devawongse Varoprakar">Devan Udayavongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Svasti_Sobhana" title="Svasti Sobhana">Svasti Sobhana</a></li>
<li>Daeng</li>
<li>Chanthrathat Chuthathan</li>
<li>Sawatdi Prawat</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narathip_Praphanphong" title="Narathip Praphanphong">Worawannakon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damrong_Rajanubhab" title="Damrong Rajanubhab">Tisavarakumarn</a></li>
<li>Si Saowaphang</li>
<li>Sonabandit</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jayanta_Mongkol" title="Jayanta Mongkol">Jayanta Mongkol</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama V">Rama V</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Vajiravudh</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="Crown Prince's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)^ (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tribejrutama_Dhamrong" title="Tribejrutama Dhamrong">Tribejrutama Dhamrong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakrabongse_Bhuvanath" title="Chakrabongse Bhuvanath">Chakrabongse Bhuvanath</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siriraj_Kakudhabhand" title="Siriraj Kakudhabhand">Siriraj Kakudhabhand</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asdang_Dejavudh" title="Asdang Dejavudh">Asdang Dejavudh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chudadhuj_Dharadilok" title="Chudadhuj Dharadilok">Chudadhuj Dharadilok</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prajadhipok Sakdidej</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajirunhis" title="Vajirunhis">Vajirunhis</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="Crown Prince's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)^</li>
<li>Isariyalongkorn</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sommatiwongse_Varodaya" title="Sommatiwongse Varodaya">Sommatiwongse Varodaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej" title="Mahidol Adulyadej">Mahidol Adulyadej</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paribatra_Sukhumbandhu" title="Paribatra Sukhumbandhu">Paribatra Sukhumbandhu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yugala_Dighambara" title="Yugala Dighambara">Yugala Dighambara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaravongs_Vorarajakumara" title="Isaravongs Vorarajakumara">Isaravongs Vorarajakumara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nabhanka_Nibandhabongs" title="Nabhanka Nibandhabongs">Nabhanka Nibandhabongs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raphi_Phatthanasak" title="Raphi Phatthanasak">Raphi Phatthanasak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benbadhanabongse" title="Benbadhanabongse">Benbadhanabongse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitiyakara_Voralaksana" title="Kitiyakara Voralaksana">Kitiyakara Voralaksana</a></li>
<li>Pravitra Vadhanodom</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chirapravati_Voradej" title="Chirapravati Voradej">Chirapravati Voradej</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vudhijaya_Chalermlabha" title="Vudhijaya Chalermlabha">Vudhijaya Chalermlabha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abhakara_Kiartivongse" title="Abhakara Kiartivongse">Abhakara Kiartivongse</a></li>
<li>Suriyong Prayunraphan</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purachatra_Jayakara" title="Purachatra Jayakara">Purachatra Jayakara</a></li>
<li>Dilok Noppharat</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rangsit_Prayurasakdi" title="Rangsit Prayurasakdi">Rangsit Prayurasakdi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samaya_Vudhirodom" title="Samaya Vudhirodom">Samaya Vudhirodom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khajera_Chirapradidha" title="Khajera Chirapradidha">Khajera Chirapradidha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isariyabhorn" title="Isariyabhorn">Isariyabhorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anusara_Siriprasadh" title="Anusara Siriprasadh">Anusara Siriprasadh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urubongs_Rajsombhoj" title="Urubongs Rajsombhoj">Urubongs Rajsombhoj</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama VI">Rama VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>No Son</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama VII">Rama VII</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>No Children</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama VIII">Rama VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>No Children</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama IX">Rama IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="Crown Prince's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)^ (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)*</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama X">Rama X</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Juthavachara<sup>X</sup></li>
<li>Vacharaesorn<sup>X</sup></li>
<li>Chakriwat<sup>X</sup></li>
<li>Vatcharawee<sup>X</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dipangkorn_Rasmijoti" title="Dipangkorn Rasmijoti">Dipangkorn Rasmijoti</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="King's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)* <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Became king</a></i></small><br /><small>** <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Front_Palace" title="Front Palace">Appointed Viceroy</a></i></small><br /><small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="image"><img alt="Crown Prince's Standard of Thailand.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/10px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/15px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Crown_Prince%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a>)^ <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Thailand" title="Crown Prince of Thailand">Appointed Crown Prince</a></i></small><br /><small><i><sup>X</sup> was degraded from royalty</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princely_houses_descended_from_King_Chulalongkorn" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Chulalongkorn" title="Template:Houses descended from King Chulalongkorn"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Houses_descended_from_King_Chulalongkorn" title="Template talk:Houses descended from King Chulalongkorn"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Chulalongkorn&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princely_houses_descended_from_King_Chulalongkorn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princely houses descended from King <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chulalongkorn</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Kitiyakara_family" title="Category:Kitiyakara family">Kitiyakara family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitiyakara_Voralaksana" title="Kitiyakara Voralaksana">Kitiyakara Voralaksana, Prince of Chanthaburi</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Young_Chulalongkorn.jpeg" class="image"><img alt="Young Chulalongkorn.jpeg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Young_Chulalongkorn.jpeg/120px-Young_Chulalongkorn.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="173" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Young_Chulalongkorn.jpeg/180px-Young_Chulalongkorn.jpeg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Young_Chulalongkorn.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="338" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Chakrabongse_family" title="Category:Chakrabongse family">Chakrabongse family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakrabongse_Bhuvanath" title="Chakrabongse Bhuvanath">Chakrabongse Bhuvanath, Prince of Phitsanulok</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Chirapravati_family" title="Category:Chirapravati family">Chirapravati family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chirapravati_Voradej" title="Chirapravati Voradej">Chirapravati Voradej, Prince of Nakhon Chaisi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Chudadhut_family" title="Category:Chudadhut family">Chudadhut family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chudadhuj_Dharadilok" title="Chudadhuj Dharadilok">Chudadhuj Dharadilok, Prince of Phetchabun</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Chatrajaya_family" title="Category:Chatrajaya family">Chatrajaya family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purachatra_Jayakara" title="Purachatra Jayakara">Purachatra Jayakara, Prince of Kamphaengphet</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Paribatra_family" title="Category:Paribatra family">Paribatra family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paribatra_Sukhumbandhu" title="Paribatra Sukhumbandhu">Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, Prince of Nakhon Sawan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Category:Pravitra_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Pravitra family (page does not exist)">Pravitra family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Pravitra_Vadhanodom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravitra Vadhanodom (page does not exist)">Pravitra Vadhanodom, Prince of Prachin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Benbadhana_family" title="Category:Benbadhana family">Benbadhana family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benbadhanabongse" title="Benbadhanabongse">Benbadhanabongse, Prince of Phichai</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:House_of_Mahidol" title="Category:House of Mahidol">House of Mahidol</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej" title="Mahidol Adulyadej">Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Yukol_family" title="Category:Yukol family">Yukol family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yugala_Dighambara" title="Yugala Dighambara">Yugala Dighambara, Prince of Lopburi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Category:Rabhibhat_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Rabhibhat family (page does not exist)">Rabhibhat family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rabhibhadhanasakdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabhibhadhanasakdi">Rabhibhadhanasakdi, Prince of Ratchaburi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Rangsit_family" title="Category:Rangsit family">Rangsit family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rangsit_Prayurasakdi" title="Rangsit Prayurasakdi">Rangsit Prayurasakdi, Prince of Chainat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Vudhijaya_family" title="Category:Vudhijaya family">Vudhijaya family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vudhijaya_Chalermlabha" title="Vudhijaya Chalermlabha">Vudhijaya Chalermlabha, Prince of Singha</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Category:Suriyong_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Suriyong family (page does not exist)">Suriyong family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Suriyong_Prayurabandh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suriyong Prayurabandh (page does not exist)">Suriyong Prayurabandh, Prince of Chaiya</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Abhakara_family" title="Category:Abhakara family">Abhakara family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abhakara_Kiartivongse" title="Abhakara Kiartivongse">Abhakara Kiartivongse, Prince of Chumphon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_Royal_houses_of_the_Chakri_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Royal houses of the Chakri Dynasty (page does not exist)">Royal House descended</a> from <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Buddha_Yodfa_Chulaloke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Houses descended from King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (page does not exist)">Rama I</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Houses descended from King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (page does not exist)">Rama II</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Nangklao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Houses descended from King Nangklao (page does not exist)">Rama III</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Mongkut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Houses descended from King Mongkut (page does not exist)">Rama IV</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Houses_descended_from_King_Chulalongkorn" title="Template:Houses descended from King Chulalongkorn">Rama V</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Children_of_King_Chulalongkorn_with_Krom_titles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:King_Chulalongkorn%27s_children_who_received_Krom_titles" title="Template:King Chulalongkorn's children who received Krom titles"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:King_Chulalongkorn%27s_children_who_received_Krom_titles" title="Template talk:King Chulalongkorn's children who received Krom titles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:King_Chulalongkorn%27s_children_who_received_Krom_titles&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Children_of_King_Chulalongkorn_with_Krom_titles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Children of King <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chulalongkorn</a> with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thai_royal_and_noble_titles#Nobility" title="Thai royal and noble titles"><i>Krom</i></a> titles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sons</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purachatra_Jayakara" title="Purachatra Jayakara"> Prince of Kamphaengphet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitiyakara_Voralaksana" title="Kitiyakara Voralaksana">Prince of Chanthaburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rangsit_Prayurasakdi" title="Rangsit Prayurasakdi">Prince of Chainat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abhakara_Kiartivongse" title="Abhakara Kiartivongse">Prince of Chumphon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Suriyong_Prayurabandh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suriyong Prayurabandh (page does not exist)">Prince of Chaiya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Prince of Dvaravadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yugala_Dighambara" title="Yugala Dighambara">Prince of Lopburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chirapravati_Voradej" title="Chirapravati Voradej">Prince of Nakhon Chaisi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asdang_Dejavudh" title="Asdang Dejavudh">Prince of Nakhon Ratchasima</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paribatra_Sukhumbandhu" title="Paribatra Sukhumbandhu">Prince of Nakhon Sawan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Pravitra_Vadhanodom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravitra Vadhanodom (page does not exist)">Prince of Prachinburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benbadhanabongse" title="Benbadhanabongse">Prince of Phichai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chakrabongse_Bhuvanath" title="Chakrabongse Bhuvanath">Prince of Phitsanulok</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chudadhuj_Dharadilok" title="Chudadhuj Dharadilok">Prince of Petchabun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raphi_Phatthanasak" title="Raphi Phatthanasak">Prince of Ratchaburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sommatiwongse_Varodaya" title="Sommatiwongse Varodaya">Prince of Si Thammarat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej" title="Mahidol Adulyadej">Prince of Songkla</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dilok_Nobharadh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilok Nobharadh (page does not exist)">Prince of Sanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vudhijaya_Chalermlabha" title="Vudhijaya Chalermlabha">Prince of Singha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prince of Sukhothai</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_(1873-1910).svg" class="image"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Siam (1873-1910).svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_%281873-1910%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_%281873-1910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="98" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_%281873-1910%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_%281873-1910%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_%281873-1910%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Siam_%281873-1910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="1133" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daughters</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bahurada_Manimaya" title="Bahurada Manimaya"> Princess Debnariratana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chandra_Saradavara" title="Chandra Saradavara">Princess of Phichit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valaya_Alongkorn" title="Valaya Alongkorn">Princess of Phetchaburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suddha_Dibyaratana" title="Suddha Dibyaratana">Princess of Ratanakosin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malini_Nobhadara" title="Malini Nobhadara">Princess of Sri Satchanalai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yaovamalaya_Narumala" title="Yaovamalaya Narumala">Princess of Sawankalok</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Srivilailaksana" title="Srivilailaksana">Princess of Suphanburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nibha_Nobhadol" title="Nibha Nobhadol"> Princess of Uthong</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1612092410 |