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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Infobox settlement
|name = Rochester Hills, Michigan
|official_name = City of Rochester Hills
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|image_skyline = File:Autumn at Spencer Park.jpg
|imagesize = 275
|image_caption = Autumn Sunrise at Spencer Park.
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_shield =
|pushpin_map = Michigan
|pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_label = Rochester Hills
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Michigan
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map = Rochester Hills, MI location.png
|mapsize = 250
|map_caption = Location within [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]]
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_name1 = [[Michigan]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland]]
|government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Bryan K. Barnett
|leader_title2 = [[Municipal clerk|Clerk]]
|leader_name2 = Tina Barton
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1817
|established_title1 = Organized
|established_date1 = 1835 (as Avon Township)
|established_title2 = Incorporated
|established_date2 = 1869 (village)<br />1984 (city)
|area_magnitude =
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 85.22
|area_total_sq_mi = 32.90
|area_land_km2 = 84.96
|area_land_sq_mi = 32.80
|area_water_km2 = 0.25
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.10
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 74516
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|population_note =
|population_total = 70995
|population_density_km2 = 877.06
|population_density_sq_mi = 2271.55
|population_metro = 4296250 ([[Metro Detroit]])
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|coordinates = {{coord|42|39|57|N|83|09|29|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 250
|elevation_ft = 820
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]]
|postal_code = 48306–48309
|area_code = [[Area codes 248 and 947|248 and 947]]
|website = {{URL|http://www.rochesterhills.org/|Official website}}
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info = 26-69035<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1675440<ref>{{Cite GNIS|1675440|Rochester Hills}}</ref>
|footnotes =
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}
'''Rochester Hills''' is a city in [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the city had a total population of 70,995.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Rochester Hills city, Michigan|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
The area was originally settled in as early as 1817 and organized as Avon Township in 1835. The city of [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] incorporated in 1967, and the remaining area of Avon Township was incorporated and renamed as the city of Rochester Hills in 1984. As a northern suburb of [[Metro Detroit]], the city is about {{convert|12|mi|km|1}} north of the city of [[Detroit]]. It is home to [[Oakland University]], and is ranked as one of the wealthiest cities in the state and among the 50 most-educated cities in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patch.com/michigan/rochester/rochester-ranks-among-michigans-wealthiest-zip-codes|title=Rochester Ranks Among Michigan's Wealthiest ZIP Codes|last=McKay|first=John|date=2013-12-02|website=Rochester-Rochester Hills, MI Patch|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degreequery.com/most-educated-places-us/|title=The 50 Most Educated Places in America|last=Turner|first=Gerri|date=2015-12-07|website=DegreeQuery.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>
==Communities==
*'''Stoney Creek''' is a non-census designated village on the northeast end of the city on the border with [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]].
*'''Yates''' is on the boundary with [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] and [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]], [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] ({{Coord|42|40|25|N|83|05|45|W}} ; Elevation: 669 ft./204 m.).<ref>{{gnis|1617957|Yates, Michigan}} & [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gazpublic/getgooglemap?p_lat=42.6736436&p_longi=-83.0957643&fid=1617957 GNIS in Google Map]</ref>
==History==
Prior to European settlement, the area now known as Rochester Hills was inhabited by Native Americans, namely the [[Potawatomi]].<ref name="CRWC">{{cite web|title=Native Americans of the Clinton River Watershed|url=http://www.crwc.org/watershed/native-american-history/|website=Clinton River Watershed Council|publisher=Clinton River Watershed Council|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> The Potawatomi depended on the area's abundant water sources, such as the [[Clinton River]] and [[Paint Creek (Oakland County, Michigan)|Paint Creek]], to grow crops, fish, and travel.<ref name=CRWC/><ref>De Vaudreuil, M. "General Memoir Respecting the Indians between Lake Erie and the Mississippi, with Remarks upon Their Territory, Manners, Habits, Etc." In Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, edited by E. B. O'Callaghan, MD, compiled by John Romeyn Brodhead, Esq, 887-90. Vol. IX. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company Printers, 1855.</ref> They resided here until the [[Treaty of Detroit|1807 Treaty of Detroit]] caused them, along with the [[Odawa]], [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]], and [[Ojibwe]] peoples, to cede their land in Southeast Michigan.<ref name="BELPOA">{{cite web|last1=Duval|first1=Roger|title=Potawatomi Native Americans Fish and Hunt at Bald Eagle Lake|url=http://belpoa.org/html/History1a.htm|website=History of Bald Eagle Lake|publisher=Bald Eagle Lake Property Owner's Association|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hull1807">{{cite web|last1=Hull|first1=William|title=Treaty with the Ottawa, Etc., 1807|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0092.htm|website=Indian Affairs: Laws and treaties.|publisher=Oklahoma State University|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
The first European settler was James Graham who arrived in 1817. Graham and his family reached the area by following [[Saginaw Trail|trails]] created by the [[Sauk people|Sauk Native Americans]].<ref>"Our Community's History." Rochester Hills, MI Official Website. https://www.rochesterhills.org/index.aspx?NID=267.</ref><ref>"Saginaw Trail Historic Marker." Detroit: The History and Future of the Motor City. July 2009. http://www.detroit1701.org/.</ref> Avon Township was organized in 1835. [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] incorporated as a village within the township in 1869. The township adopted a charter in 1948 under the Home Rule Act. Also in 1948 a post office was established under the name of Brooklands for the area between Auburn Road and Hamlin Road just to the west of Dequindre Road.{{sfn|Romig|1986|page=80}}
In 1966, village residents voted to become the City of Rochester, effective in February 1967. As a result, Rochester residents no longer had to pay property taxes to the township, as it was now a separate municipality.
In 1967, Avon Township filed a petition to become a city. In January 1968, township voters approved the petition to move forward with seeking city status. Three proposed city charters were voted down by residents, the first in March 1969, the second in May 1970, and the third in September 1971. The city of Rochester then sought to annex all of the township, which was unanimously denied by the Michigan Boundary Commission. In 1972, petitions were filed to consolidate Avon Township and Rochester. In April 1974, the consolidation petition lost by 350 votes in the township, while passing by four votes in Rochester. In May 1974, Rochester's petition to annex {{convert|2.2|sqmi|km2|1}} of Avon Township was approved by the Michigan Boundary Commission. The township became Avon Charter Township in August 1978. Court challenges to the 1974 annexation continued until November 1981, when the township was ordered to surrender the annexed property.
In May 1984, township voters approved a city charter. On November 20, 1984, Avon Township became the City of Rochester Hills. The name of the new city was put to a vote, with the other choice being "Avon Hills". The name "Rochester Hills" won by a landslide with voters, based on the area's historical ties to Rochester and the rolling hills that abound in the area. Township Supervisor Earl E. Borden became Rochester Hills' first mayor.
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|32.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|32.82|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.09|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (0.27%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-24.pdf|format=PDF |title=Michigan: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing | date = September 2012|publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]| work = [[2010 United States Census]]| access-date = May 1, 2020|page=37 Michigan}}</ref>
Rochester Hills is bordered to the north by [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Charter Township]] along Dutton Road, to the south by the city of [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]] along South Boulevard, to the east by [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]] in [[Macomb County]] along Dequindre Road, and to the west by the city of [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] along part of Adams Road. Rochester Hills is also partially bordered by the city of [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] to the east. Elevations in the city range from {{convert|690|ft}} above sea level in the southeastern portion of the city to {{convert|1010|ft}} in the northwestern section.
{{Geographic Location
| Center = Rochester Hills
| North = [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]]
| Northwest = [[Orion Township, Michigan|Orion Township]]
| Northeast = [[Washington Township, Macomb County, Michigan|Washington Township]]
| East = [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]]<br /> [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]]
| Southeast = [[Sterling Heights, Michigan|Sterling Heights]]
| South = [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]
| Southwest = [[Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan|Bloomfield Township]]
| West = [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]]
}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1990= 61766
|2000= 68825
|2010= 70995
|estyear=2019
|estimate=74516
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> of 2010, there were 70,995 people, 27,578 households, and 19,308 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2163.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 29,494 housing units at an average density of {{convert|898.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.1% of the population.
There were 27,578 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.0% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08.
The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
Between 2000 and 2010, the Asian population in Rochester Hills increased to almost 10% of the community's population, a 61% increase from the 2000 figure.<ref>Steele, Micki. "[http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20110419/METRO/104190316 Asian-Americans settle in Metro Detroit enclaves]." ''[[The Detroit News]]''. April 19, 2011. Retrieved on September 9, 2013.</ref>
==Government==
[[File:Rochester Michigan Public Library.JPG|thumb|Rochester Hills Public Library, Rochester, Michigan.]]
Rochester Hills has a [[Mayor-council government]]. The Rochester Hills City Council consists of seven Council Members: four district members and three at-large members. They are elected to four-year terms and, due to term limiting, can serve no more than two terms for a maximum of eight years. However, there are no limits on how many times the mayor can run for re-election as a write-in candidate.
In the [[2016 United States Presidential Election]] 19,902 (50.02%) votes went to Donald Trump and 17,679 (44.44%) votes were cast for Hillary Clinton.<ref>http://www.rochesterhills.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/813</ref>
==Education==
The [[Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)|Rochester Community Schools]] serves most of the city. [[Rochester Adams High School]], [[Rochester High School (Michigan)|Rochester High School]], and [[Stoney Creek High School]] are in Rochester Hills. The city also offers college and graduate level programs for multifarious disciplines at Rochester University and [[Oakland University]].
Some portions of the city are in the [[Avondale School District]]. Much of the ASD portion of Rochester Hills is zoned to Deerfield Elementary School, within the city. Other portions are zoned to Auburn Elementary School in [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] and Woodland Elementary School in [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]. All ASD residents are zoned to Avondale Middle School in Rochester Hills and [[Avondale High School (Michigan)|Avondale High School]] in Auburn Hills. The Meadows School, Avondale Academy, and the ASD transportation department are all in Rochester Hills.<ref>"[http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== District Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== |date=2015-06-20 }}" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== Archive]). [[Avondale School District]]. Retrieved on June 20, 2015.</ref>
The city provides the Rochester Hills Public Library which is located in [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] (The City of Rochester and Oakland Township contract with the City of Rochester Hills for residents' use of the library).
The [[Japanese School of Detroit]], a [[Hoshuko|supplementary school for Japanese citizens of school age]], at one time had its administrative offices in the former Oakland Steiner School in Rochester Hills.<ref name=OldHist>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html JSD History]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6XpggPNMl?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html Archive]). Japanese School of Detroit. May 2, 2001. Retrieved on April 16, 2015. "（１９９９） 事務局移転（インターナショナル・アカデミー校→旧オークランド・シュタイナー校） "</ref>
==Notable people==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2012}}
{{Further|People from Detroit}}
This list includes people from the Rochester area (Rochester, Rochester Hills, and Oakland Township) (48306, 48307, 48309, 48363):
* [[Mike Bishop (politician)|Mike Bishop]], politician formerly representing the MI-08 district in the US Congress
* [[Tommy Clufetos]], drummer for Ozzy Osbourne, Alice Cooper, and Ted Nugent; graduated from Rochester Adams High School
* [[Paul Davis (basketball)|Paul Davis]], professional basketball player; graduated from Rochester High School
* [[Eminem]], rapper, actor and producer; owned a house in [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]]
* [[Eric Fisher (American football)|Eric Fisher]], NFL football player for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]]
* [[Hal Foster]], artist and writer; lived in Rochester for a period during his work of the comic strip ''[[Prince Valiant]]''
* [[Amy Frazier]], professional tennis player; graduated from Rochester Adams High School
* [[Jay Gibbons]], professional baseball player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=gibboja01/| title= Jay Gibbons Stats|publisher= Baseball Almanac |access-date= November 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Good]], Major League baseball player, grew up in Rochester Hills and graduated from Rochester High School
* [[Idris Goodwin]], playwright, poet, activist, professor at [[Colorado College]]
* [[Shawn Hare]], professional baseball player; attended Rochester Community Schools
* [[Greg and Tim Hildebrandt]], fantasy artists and painters of the original ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' movie poster
* [[Rude Jude]], television and radio personality; graduated from [[Rochester High School (Michigan)|Rochester High School]]
* [[George Jamison]], former NFL player for the Detroit Lions
* [[Bob Keselowski]], NASCAR driver
* [[Brad Keselowski]], 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion, current NASCAR Monster Energy Series driver. Graduated from Rochester High School
* [[Brian Keselowski]], NASCAR driver
* [[Walt Kowalczyk]], professional American football player
* [[Jana Kramer]], country music singer and actress
* [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], singer and actress; grew up in Rochester Hills but was born in [[Bay City, Michigan]]; graduated from [[Rochester Adams High School]]<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html |title = Singer of the Week: Madonna |work = AskMen.com |publisher = IGN Entertainment, Inc. |access-date = 2006-06-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060613094455/http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html |archive-date = 13 June 2006 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
* [[Alec Martinez]], professional hockey player for the [[Vegas Golden Knights]]
* [[Craig Owens (musician)|Craig Owens]], lead singer of [[Chiodos]] and Cinematic Sunrise
* [[Roxy Petrucci]], drummer of all-female rock/metal band [[Vixen (band)|Vixen]] in the 1980s
* [[Brian Sell]], retired marathoner; resides in Rochester Hills
* [[Joey Sturgis]], record producer; resides in [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]]
* [[Ron Teachworth]], educator, artist, writer and filmmaker
* [[Dita Von Teese]], burlesque artist, model and actress
* [[Jacob Trouba]], NHL hockey player for the [[New York Rangers]]
* [[Peter Vanderkaay]], Olympic gold medalist in swimming; graduated from Rochester Adams High School in 2002
* [[Jason Varitek]], professional baseball player; born in Rochester
* [[Robert Simpson Woodward]], physicist and mathematician; born in Rochester
* [[George D. Zamka]] (born 1962), [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] [[naval aviator|pilot]] who piloted the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] in its 2007 mission to the [[International Space Station]] and was commander of mission [[STS-130]] in 2010.<ref>
*Michelle Ahn
[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/zamka_george.pdf Biographical Data for George D. Zamka], [[NASA]]. Accessed August 28, 2020."Personal Data: Born in 1962 in Jersey City, New Jersey. Raised in New York City; Irvington, New York; Medellin, Colombia; and Rochester Hills, Michigan."</ref>
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Sources===
*{{cite book|first1=Walter|last1=Romig|title=Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities|work=Great Lakes Books Series|type=Paperback|orig-year=1973|date=October 1, 1986|publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8143-1838-6|location=Detroit, Michigan}}
==External links==
{{Portal|Michigan}}
*[http://www.rochesterhills.org/ City of Rochester Hills]
*[http://www.rhpl.org/ Rochester Public Library]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080529150631/http://www.theoaklandcounty.com/ The Oakland County]
{{Rochester Hills, Michigan}}
{{Oakland County, Michigan}}
{{Metro Detroit}}
{{Michigan}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Rochester Hills, Michigan| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Oakland County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Metro Detroit]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1984]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Infobox settlement
|name = Rochester Hills, Michigan
|official_name = City of Rochester Hills
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|image_skyline = File:Autumn at Spencer Park.jpg
|imagesize = 275
|image_caption = Autumn Sunrise at Spencer Park.
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_shield =
|pushpin_map = Michigan
|pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_label = Rochester Hills
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Michigan
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map = Rochester Hills, MI location.png
|mapsize = 250
|map_caption = Location within [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]]
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_name1 = [[Michigan]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland]]
|government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Bryan K. Barnett
|leader_title2 = [[Municipal clerk|Clerk]]
|leader_name2 = Tina Barton
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1817
|established_title1 = Organized
|established_date1 = 1835 (as Avon Township)
|established_title2 = Incorporated
|established_date2 = 1869 (village)<br />1984 (city)
|area_magnitude =
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 85.22
|area_total_sq_mi = 32.90
|area_land_km2 = 84.96
|area_land_sq_mi = 32.80
|area_water_km2 = 0.25
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.10
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 74516
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|population_note =
|population_total = 70995
|population_density_km2 = 877.06
|population_density_sq_mi = 2271.55
|population_metro = 4296250 ([[Metro Detroit]])
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|coordinates = {{coord|42|39|57|N|83|09|29|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 250
|elevation_ft = 820
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]]
|postal_code = 48306–48309
|area_code = [[Area codes 248 and 947|248 and 947]]
|website = {{URL|http://www.rochesterhills.org/|Official website}}
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info = 26-69035<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1675440<ref>{{Cite GNIS|1675440|Rochester Hills}}</ref>
|footnotes =
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}
'''Rochester Hills''' is a city in [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the city had a total population of 70,995.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Rochester Hills city, Michigan|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
The area was originally settled in as early as 1817 and organized as Avon Township in 1835. The city of [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] incorporated in 1967, and the remaining area of Avon Township was incorporated and renamed as the city of Rochester Hills in 1984. As a northern suburb of [[Metro Detroit]], the city is about {{convert|12|mi|km|1}} north of the city of [[Detroit]]. It is home to [[Oakland University]], and is ranked as one of the wealthiest cities in the state and among the 50 most-educated cities in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patch.com/michigan/rochester/rochester-ranks-among-michigans-wealthiest-zip-codes|title=Rochester Ranks Among Michigan's Wealthiest ZIP Codes|last=McKay|first=John|date=2013-12-02|website=Rochester-Rochester Hills, MI Patch|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degreequery.com/most-educated-places-us/|title=The 50 Most Educated Places in America|last=Turner|first=Gerri|date=2015-12-07|website=DegreeQuery.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>
==Communities==
*'''Stoney Creek''' is a non-census designated village on the northeast end of the city on the border with [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]].
*'''Yates''' is on the boundary with [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] and [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]], [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] ({{Coord|42|40|25|N|83|05|45|W}} ; Elevation: 669 ft./204 m.).<ref>{{gnis|1617957|Yates, Michigan}} & [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gazpublic/getgooglemap?p_lat=42.6736436&p_longi=-83.0957643&fid=1617957 GNIS in Google Map]</ref>
==History==
Prior to European settlement, the area now known as Rochester Hills was inhabited by Native Americans, namely the [[Potawatomi]].<ref name="CRWC">{{cite web|title=Native Americans of the Clinton River Watershed|url=http://www.crwc.org/watershed/native-american-history/|website=Clinton River Watershed Council|publisher=Clinton River Watershed Council|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> The Potawatomi depended on the area's abundant water sources, such as the [[Clinton River]] and [[Paint Creek (Oakland County, Michigan)|Paint Creek]], to grow crops, fish, and travel.<ref name=CRWC/><ref>De Vaudreuil, M. "General Memoir Respecting the Indians between Lake Erie and the Mississippi, with Remarks upon Their Territory, Manners, Habits, Etc." In Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, edited by E. B. O'Callaghan, MD, compiled by John Romeyn Brodhead, Esq, 887-90. Vol. IX. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company Printers, 1855.</ref> They resided here until the [[Treaty of Detroit|1807 Treaty of Detroit]] caused them, along with the [[Odawa]], [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]], and [[Ojibwe]] peoples, to cede their land in Southeast Michigan.<ref name="BELPOA">{{cite web|last1=Duval|first1=Roger|title=Potawatomi Native Americans Fish and Hunt at Bald Eagle Lake|url=http://belpoa.org/html/History1a.htm|website=History of Bald Eagle Lake|publisher=Bald Eagle Lake Property Owner's Association|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hull1807">{{cite web|last1=Hull|first1=William|title=Treaty with the Ottawa, Etc., 1807|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0092.htm|website=Indian Affairs: Laws and treaties.|publisher=Oklahoma State University|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
The first European settler was James Graham who arrived in 1817. Graham and his family reached the area by following [[Saginaw Trail|trails]] created by the [[Sauk people|Sauk Native Americans]].<ref>"Our Community's History." Rochester Hills, MI Official Website. https://www.rochesterhills.org/index.aspx?NID=267.</ref><ref>"Saginaw Trail Historic Marker." Detroit: The History and Future of the Motor City. July 2009. http://www.detroit1701.org/.</ref> Avon Township was organized in 1835. [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] incorporated as a village within the township in 1869. The township adopted a charter in 1948 under the Home Rule Act. Also in 1948 a post office was established under the name of Brooklands for the area between Auburn Road and Hamlin Road just to the west of Dequindre Road.{{sfn|Romig|1986|page=80}}
In 1966, village residents voted to become the City of Rochester, effective in February 1967. As a result, Rochester residents no longer had to pay property taxes to the township, as it was now a separate municipality.
In 1967, Avon Township filed a petition to become a city. In January 1968, township voters approved the petition to move forward with seeking city status. Three proposed city charters were voted down by residents, the first in March 1969, the second in May 1970, and the third in September 1971. The city of Rochester then sought to annex all of the township, which was unanimously denied by the Michigan Boundary Commission. In 1972, petitions were filed to consolidate Avon Township and Rochester. In April 1974, the consolidation petition lost by 350 votes in the township, while passing by four votes in Rochester. In May 1974, Rochester's petition to annex {{convert|2.2|sqmi|km2|1}} of Avon Township was approved by the Michigan Boundary Commission. The township became Avon Charter Township in August 1978. Court challenges to the 1974 annexation continued until November 1981, when the township was ordered to surrender the annexed property.
In May 1984, township voters approved a city charter. On November 20, 1984, Avon Township became the City of Rochester Hills. The name of the new city was put to a vote, with the other choice being "Avon Hills". The name "Rochester Hills" won by a landslide with voters, based on the area's historical ties to Rochester and the rolling hills that abound in the area. Township Supervisor Earl E. Borden became Rochester Hills' first mayor.
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|32.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|32.82|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.09|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (0.27%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-24.pdf|format=PDF |title=Michigan: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing | date = September 2012|publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]| work = [[2010 United States Census]]| access-date = May 1, 2020|page=37 Michigan}}</ref>
Rochester Hills is bordered to the north by [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Charter Township]] along Dutton Road, to the south by the city of [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]] along South Boulevard, to the east by [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]] in [[Macomb County]] along Dequindre Road, and to the west by the city of [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] along part of Adams Road. Rochester Hills is also partially bordered by the city of [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] to the east. Elevations in the city range from {{convert|690|ft}} above sea level in the southeastern portion of the city to {{convert|1010|ft}} in the northwestern section.
{{Geographic Location
| Center = Rochester Hills
| North = [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]]
| Northwest = [[Orion Township, Michigan|Orion Township]]
| Northeast = [[Washington Township, Macomb County, Michigan|Washington Township]]
| East = [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]]<br /> [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]]
| Southeast = [[Sterling Heights, Michigan|Sterling Heights]]
| South = [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]
| Southwest = [[Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan|Bloomfield Township]]
| West = [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]]
}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1990= 61766
|2000= 68825
|2010= 70995
|estyear=2019
|estimate=74516
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> of 2010, there were 70,995 people, 27,578 households, and 19,308 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2163.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 29,494 housing units at an average density of {{convert|898.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.1% of the population.
There were 27,578 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.0% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08.
The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
Between 2000 and 2010, the Asian population in Rochester Hills increased to almost 10% of the community's population, a 61% increase from the 2000 figure.<ref>Steele, Micki. "[http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20110419/METRO/104190316 Asian-Americans settle in Metro Detroit enclaves]." ''[[The Detroit News]]''. April 19, 2011. Retrieved on September 9, 2013.</ref>
==Government==
[[File:Rochester Michigan Public Library.JPG|thumb|Rochester Hills Public Library, Rochester, Michigan.]]
Rochester Hills has a [[Mayor-council government]]. The Rochester Hills City Council consists of seven Council Members: four district members and three at-large members. They are elected to four-year terms and, due to term limiting, can serve no more than two terms for a maximum of eight years. However, there are no limits on how many times the mayor can run for re-election as a write-in candidate.
In the [[2016 United States Presidential Election]] 19,902 (50.02%) votes went to Donald Trump and 17,679 (44.44%) votes were cast for Hillary Clinton.<ref>http://www.rochesterhills.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/813</ref>
==Education==
The [[Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)|Rochester Community Schools]] serves most of the city. [[Rochester Adams High School]], [[Rochester High School (Michigan)|Rochester High School]], and [[Stoney Creek High School]] are in Rochester Hills. The city also offers college and graduate level programs for multifarious disciplines at Rochester University and [[Oakland University]].
Some portions of the city are in the [[Avondale School District]]. Much of the ASD portion of Rochester Hills is zoned to Deerfield Elementary School, within the city. Other portions are zoned to Auburn Elementary School in [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] and Woodland Elementary School in [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]. All ASD residents are zoned to Avondale Middle School in Rochester Hills and [[Avondale High School (Michigan)|Avondale High School]] in Auburn Hills. The Meadows School, Avondale Academy, and the ASD transportation department are all in Rochester Hills.<ref>"[http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== District Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== |date=2015-06-20 }}" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== Archive]). [[Avondale School District]]. Retrieved on June 20, 2015.</ref>
The city provides the Rochester Hills Public Library which is located in [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] (The City of Rochester and Oakland Township contract with the City of Rochester Hills for residents' use of the library).
The [[Japanese School of Detroit]], a [[Hoshuko|supplementary school for Japanese citizens of school age]], at one time had its administrative offices in the former Oakland Steiner School in Rochester Hills.<ref name=OldHist>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html JSD History]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6XpggPNMl?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html Archive]). Japanese School of Detroit. May 2, 2001. Retrieved on April 16, 2015. "（１９９９） 事務局移転（インターナショナル・アカデミー校→旧オークランド・シュタイナー校） "</ref>
==Notable people==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2012}}
{{Further|People from Detroit}}
This list includes people from the Rochester area (Rochester, Rochester Hills, and Oakland Township) (48306, 48307, 48309, 48363):
* [[Mike Bishop (politician)|Mike Bishop]], politician formerly representing the MI-08 district in the US Congress
* [[Tommy Clufetos]], drummer for Ozzy Osbourne, Alice Cooper, and Ted Nugent; graduated from Rochester Adams High School
* [[Paul Davis (basketball)|Paul Davis]], professional basketball player; graduated from Rochester High School
* [[Eminem]], rapper, actor and producer; owned a house in [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]]
* [[Eric Fisher (American football)|Eric Fisher]], NFL football player for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]]
* [[Hal Foster]], artist and writer; lived in Rochester for a period during his work of the comic strip ''[[Prince Valiant]]''
* [[Amy Frazier]], professional tennis player; graduated from Rochester Adams High School
* [[Jay Gibbons]], professional baseball player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=gibboja01/| title= Jay Gibbons Stats|publisher= Baseball Almanac |access-date= November 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Good]], Major League baseball player, grew up in Rochester Hills and graduated from Rochester High School
* [[Idris Goodwin]], playwright, poet, activist, professor at [[Colorado College]]
* [[Shawn Hare]], professional baseball player; attended Rochester Community Schools
* [[Greg and Tim Hildebrandt]], fantasy artists and painters of the original ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' movie poster
* [[Rude Jude]], television and radio personality; graduated from [[Rochester High School (Michigan)|Rochester High School]]
* [[George Jamison]], former NFL player for the Detroit Lions
* [[Bob Keselowski]], NASCAR driver
* [[Brad Keselowski]], 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion, current NASCAR Monster Energy Series driver. Graduated from Rochester High School
* [[Brian Keselowski]], NASCAR driver
* [[Walt Kowalczyk]], professional American football player
* [[Jana Kramer]], country music singer and actress
* [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], singer and actress; grew up in Rochester Hills but was born in [[Bay City, Michigan]]; graduated from [[Rochester Adams High School]]<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html |title = Singer of the Week: Madonna |work = AskMen.com |publisher = IGN Entertainment, Inc. |access-date = 2006-06-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060613094455/http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html |archive-date = 13 June 2006 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
* [[Alec Martinez]], professional hockey player for the [[Vegas Golden Knights]]
* [[Craig Owens (musician)|Craig Owens]], lead singer of [[Chiodos]] and Cinematic Sunrise
* [[Roxy Petrucci]], drummer of all-female rock/metal band [[Vixen (band)|Vixen]] in the 1980s
* [[Brian Sell]], retired marathoner; resides in Rochester Hills
* [[Joey Sturgis]], record producer; resides in [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]]
* [[Ron Teachworth]], educator, artist, writer and filmmaker
* [[Dita Von Teese]], burlesque artist, model and actress
* [[Jacob Trouba]], NHL hockey player for the [[New York Rangers]]
* [[Peter Vanderkaay]], Olympic gold medalist in swimming; graduated from Rochester Adams High School in 2002
* [[Jason Varitek]], professional baseball player; born in Rochester
* [[Robert Simpson Woodward]], physicist and mathematician; born in Rochester
* [[George D. Zamka]] (born 1962), [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] [[naval aviator|pilot]] who piloted the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] in its 2007 mission to the [[International Space Station]] and was commander of mission [[STS-130]] in 2010.<ref>
*Michelle Ahn
[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/zamka_george.pdf Biographical Data for George D. Zamka], [[NASA]]. Accessed August 28, 2020."Personal Data: Born in 1962 in Jersey City, New Jersey. Raised in New York City; Irvington, New York; Medellin, Colombia; and Rochester Hills, Michigan."</ref>
[[Diego Perez]] Immigrant rights activist and war criminal.
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Sources===
*{{cite book|first1=Walter|last1=Romig|title=Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities|work=Great Lakes Books Series|type=Paperback|orig-year=1973|date=October 1, 1986|publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8143-1838-6|location=Detroit, Michigan}}
==External links==
{{Portal|Michigan}}
*[http://www.rochesterhills.org/ City of Rochester Hills]
*[http://www.rhpl.org/ Rochester Public Library]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080529150631/http://www.theoaklandcounty.com/ The Oakland County]
{{Rochester Hills, Michigan}}
{{Oakland County, Michigan}}
{{Metro Detroit}}
{{Michigan}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Rochester Hills, Michigan| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Oakland County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Metro Detroit]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1984]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -191,4 +191,5 @@
*Michelle Ahn
[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/zamka_george.pdf Biographical Data for George D. Zamka], [[NASA]]. Accessed August 28, 2020."Personal Data: Born in 1962 in Jersey City, New Jersey. Raised in New York City; Irvington, New York; Medellin, Colombia; and Rochester Hills, Michigan."</ref>
+[[Diego Perez]] Immigrant rights activist and war criminal.
==References==
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Michigan, United States</div><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Rochester Hills, Michigan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;">City of Rochester Hills</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Autumn_at_Spencer_Park.jpg" class="image" title="Autumn Sunrise at Spencer Park."><img alt="Autumn Sunrise at Spencer Park." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Autumn_at_Spencer_Park.jpg/275px-Autumn_at_Spencer_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" data-file-width="3002" data-file-height="2000" /></a><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Autumn Sunrise at Spencer Park.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rochester_Hills,_MI_location.png" class="image" title="Location within Oakland County"><img alt="Location within Oakland County" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rochester_Hills%2C_MI_location.png/250px-Rochester_Hills%2C_MI_location.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2100" /></a><div style="padding:0.3em 0 0 0;">Location within <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland County</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997900035">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:USA_Michigan_location_map.svg" class="image" title="Rochester Hills is located in Michigan"><img alt="Rochester Hills is located in Michigan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USA_Michigan_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Michigan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="281" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USA_Michigan_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Michigan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USA_Michigan_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Michigan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1200" /></a><div class="od" style="top:83.345%;left:85.54%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Rochester Hills" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Rochester Hills" width="6" height="6" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:4px"><div>Rochester Hills</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the state of Michigan</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rochester_Hills,_Michigan&params=42_39_57_N_83_09_29_W_region:US-MI_type:city(70995)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°39′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°09′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.66583°N 83.15806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.66583; -83.15806</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rochester_Hills,_Michigan&params=42_39_57_N_83_09_29_W_region:US-MI_type:city(70995)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°39′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°09′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.66583°N 83.15806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.66583; -83.15806</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td>United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">County</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Settled</th><td>1817</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Organized</th><td>1835 (as Avon Township)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Incorporated</th><td>1869 (village)<br />1984 (city)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Type</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td>Bryan K. Barnett</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></th><td>Tina Barton</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-1">[1]</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td>32.90 sq mi (85.22 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Land</th><td>32.80 sq mi (84.96 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Water</th><td>0.10 sq mi (0.25 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Elevation<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>820 ft (250 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-2">[2]</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td>70,995</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Estimate <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-3">[3]</a></sup></div></th><td>74,516</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Density</th><td>2,271.55/sq mi (877.06/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>4,296,250 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC-5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5">UTC-5</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Eastern_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Eastern Time Zone">Eastern (EST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC-4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4">UTC-4</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP code(s)</a></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">48306–48309</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area_codes_248_and_947" title="Area codes 248 and 947">248 and 947</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS</a> code</th><td>26-69035<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td>1675440<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rochesterhills.org/">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Rochester Hills</b> is a city in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland County</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. As of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a>, the city had a total population of 70,995.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>The area was originally settled in as early as 1817 and organized as Avon Township in 1835. The city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a> incorporated in 1967, and the remaining area of Avon Township was incorporated and renamed as the city of Rochester Hills in 1984. As a northern suburb of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a>, the city is about 12 miles (19.3 km) north of the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. It is home to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a>, and is ranked as one of the wealthiest cities in the state and among the 50 most-educated cities in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Communities"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Communities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#2010_census"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">2010 census</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Government"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Communities">Communities</span></h2>
<ul><li><b>Stoney Creek</b> is a non-census designated village on the northeast end of the city on the border with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a>.</li>
<li><b>Yates</b> is on the boundary with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Township</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland County</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rochester_Hills,_Michigan&params=42_40_25_N_83_05_45_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°40′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°05′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.67361°N 83.09583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.67361; -83.09583</span></span></span></a></span> ; Elevation: 669 ft./204 m.).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<p>Prior to European settlement, the area now known as Rochester Hills was inhabited by Native Americans, namely the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRWC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRWC-10">[10]</a></sup> The Potawatomi depended on the area's abundant water sources, such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton River">Clinton River</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paint_Creek_(Oakland_County,_Michigan)" title="Paint Creek (Oakland County, Michigan)">Paint Creek</a>, to grow crops, fish, and travel.<sup id="cite_ref-CRWC_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRWC-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> They resided here until the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Detroit" title="Treaty of Detroit">1807 Treaty of Detroit</a> caused them, along with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> peoples, to cede their land in Southeast Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-BELPOA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BELPOA-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hull1807_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull1807-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first European settler was James Graham who arrived in 1817. Graham and his family reached the area by following <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saginaw_Trail" title="Saginaw Trail">trails</a> created by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk Native Americans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> Avon Township was organized in 1835. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a> incorporated as a village within the township in 1869. The township adopted a charter in 1948 under the Home Rule Act. Also in 1948 a post office was established under the name of Brooklands for the area between Auburn Road and Hamlin Road just to the west of Dequindre Road.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomig198680_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomig198680-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1966, village residents voted to become the City of Rochester, effective in February 1967. As a result, Rochester residents no longer had to pay property taxes to the township, as it was now a separate municipality.
</p><p>In 1967, Avon Township filed a petition to become a city. In January 1968, township voters approved the petition to move forward with seeking city status. Three proposed city charters were voted down by residents, the first in March 1969, the second in May 1970, and the third in September 1971. The city of Rochester then sought to annex all of the township, which was unanimously denied by the Michigan Boundary Commission. In 1972, petitions were filed to consolidate Avon Township and Rochester. In April 1974, the consolidation petition lost by 350 votes in the township, while passing by four votes in Rochester. In May 1974, Rochester's petition to annex 2.2 square miles (5.7 km<sup>2</sup>) of Avon Township was approved by the Michigan Boundary Commission. The township became Avon Charter Township in August 1978. Court challenges to the 1974 annexation continued until November 1981, when the township was ordered to surrender the annexed property.
</p><p>In May 1984, township voters approved a city charter. On November 20, 1984, Avon Township became the City of Rochester Hills. The name of the new city was put to a vote, with the other choice being "Avon Hills". The name "Rochester Hills" won by a landslide with voters, based on the area's historical ties to Rochester and the rolling hills that abound in the area. Township Supervisor Earl E. Borden became Rochester Hills' first mayor.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span></h2>
<p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 32.91 square miles (85.24 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 32.82 square miles (85.00 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km<sup>2</sup>) (0.27%) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>Rochester Hills is bordered to the north by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Oakland Charter Township, Michigan">Oakland Charter Township</a> along Dutton Road, to the south by the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a> along South Boulevard, to the east by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Township</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macomb_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Macomb County">Macomb County</a> along Dequindre Road, and to the west by the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a> along part of Adams Road. Rochester Hills is also partially bordered by the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a> to the east. Elevations in the city range from 690 feet (210 m) above sea level in the southeastern portion of the city to 1,010 feet (310 m) in the northwestern section.
</p>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Rochester Hills, Michigan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orion_Township,_Michigan" title="Orion Township, Michigan">Orion Township</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Oakland Charter Township, Michigan">Oakland Township</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Washington Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Washington Township</a></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></td>
<td style="width:33%;">
<div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" title="North" width="14" height="17" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></div>
<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" title="West" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/33px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Rochester Hills</b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" title="East" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/33px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /></div>
<div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" title="South" width="14" height="17" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></div>
</td>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a><br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Township</a></td>
</tr><tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></td>
</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span></h2>
<table class="toccolours" style="border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="4" class="navbox-title" style="padding-right:3px; padding-left:3px; font-size:110%; text-align:center">Historical population
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">Census</th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr>
</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Census">1990</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">61,766</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">—</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">68,825</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">11.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px;">70,995</td><td style="font-size:85%"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">3.2%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b>2019 (est.)</b></td><td style="padding-left:0px;">74,516</td><td style="font-size:85%"><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-3">[3]</a></sup></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">5.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-18">[18]</a></sup></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2010_census">2010 census</span></h3>
<p>As of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a><sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-2">[2]</a></sup> of 2010, there were 70,995 people, 27,578 households, and 19,308 families residing in the city. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 2,163.2 inhabitants per square mile (835.2/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 29,494 housing units at an average density of 898.7 per square mile (347.0/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 89.1% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 2.5% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.2% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 4.5% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.7% from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">other races</a>, and 1.9% from two or more races. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 1.1% of the population.
</p><p>There were 27,578 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married couples</a> living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.0% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08.
</p><p>The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
</p><p>Between 2000 and 2010, the Asian population in Rochester Hills increased to almost 10% of the community's population, a 61% increase from the 2000 figure.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Government">Government</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rochester_Michigan_Public_Library.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rochester_Michigan_Public_Library.JPG/220px-Rochester_Michigan_Public_Library.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="937" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rochester_Michigan_Public_Library.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Rochester Hills Public Library, Rochester, Michigan.</div></div></div>
<p>Rochester Hills has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">Mayor-council government</a>. The Rochester Hills City Council consists of seven Council Members: four district members and three at-large members. They are elected to four-year terms and, due to term limiting, can serve no more than two terms for a maximum of eight years. However, there are no limits on how many times the mayor can run for re-election as a write-in candidate.
In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United States Presidential Election">2016 United States Presidential Election</a> 19,902 (50.02%) votes went to Donald Trump and 17,679 (44.44%) votes were cast for Hillary Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h2>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_Community_Schools_(Michigan)" title="Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)">Rochester Community Schools</a> serves most of the city. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_Adams_High_School" title="Rochester Adams High School">Rochester Adams High School</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_High_School_(Michigan)" title="Rochester High School (Michigan)">Rochester High School</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stoney_Creek_High_School" title="Stoney Creek High School">Stoney Creek High School</a> are in Rochester Hills. The city also offers college and graduate level programs for multifarious disciplines at Rochester University and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a>.
</p><p>Some portions of the city are in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avondale_School_District" title="Avondale School District">Avondale School District</a>. Much of the ASD portion of Rochester Hills is zoned to Deerfield Elementary School, within the city. Other portions are zoned to Auburn Elementary School in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a> and Woodland Elementary School in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a>. All ASD residents are zoned to Avondale Middle School in Rochester Hills and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avondale_High_School_(Michigan)" title="Avondale High School (Michigan)">Avondale High School</a> in Auburn Hills. The Meadows School, Avondale Academy, and the ASD transportation department are all in Rochester Hills.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city provides the Rochester Hills Public Library which is located in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a> (The City of Rochester and Oakland Township contract with the City of Rochester Hills for residents' use of the library).
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Detroit" title="Japanese School of Detroit">Japanese School of Detroit</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoshuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshuko">supplementary school for Japanese citizens of school age</a>, at one time had its administrative offices in the former Oakland Steiner School in Rochester Hills.<sup id="cite_ref-OldHist_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldHist-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</span></h2>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rochester_Hills,_Michigan&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2012</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People_from_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="People from Detroit">People from Detroit</a></div>
<p>This list includes people from the Rochester area (Rochester, Rochester Hills, and Oakland Township) (48306, 48307, 48309, 48363):
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Bishop_(politician)" title="Mike Bishop (politician)">Mike Bishop</a>, politician formerly representing the MI-08 district in the US Congress</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tommy_Clufetos" title="Tommy Clufetos">Tommy Clufetos</a>, drummer for Ozzy Osbourne, Alice Cooper, and Ted Nugent; graduated from Rochester Adams High School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Davis_(basketball)" title="Paul Davis (basketball)">Paul Davis</a>, professional basketball player; graduated from Rochester High School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, rapper, actor and producer; owned a house in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Oakland Charter Township, Michigan">Oakland Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Fisher_(American_football)" title="Eric Fisher (American football)">Eric Fisher</a>, NFL football player for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Kansas City Chiefs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a>, artist and writer; lived in Rochester for a period during his work of the comic strip <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prince_Valiant" title="Prince Valiant">Prince Valiant</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Frazier" title="Amy Frazier">Amy Frazier</a>, professional tennis player; graduated from Rochester Adams High School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Gibbons" title="Jay Gibbons">Jay Gibbons</a>, professional baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Good" title="Andrew Good">Andrew Good</a>, Major League baseball player, grew up in Rochester Hills and graduated from Rochester High School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idris_Goodwin" title="Idris Goodwin">Idris Goodwin</a>, playwright, poet, activist, professor at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colorado_College" title="Colorado College">Colorado College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shawn_Hare" title="Shawn Hare">Shawn Hare</a>, professional baseball player; attended Rochester Community Schools</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_and_Tim_Hildebrandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Greg and Tim Hildebrandt">Greg and Tim Hildebrandt</a>, fantasy artists and painters of the original <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></i> movie poster</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rude_Jude" title="Rude Jude">Rude Jude</a>, television and radio personality; graduated from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_High_School_(Michigan)" title="Rochester High School (Michigan)">Rochester High School</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Jamison" title="George Jamison">George Jamison</a>, former NFL player for the Detroit Lions</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Keselowski" title="Bob Keselowski">Bob Keselowski</a>, NASCAR driver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brad_Keselowski" title="Brad Keselowski">Brad Keselowski</a>, 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion, current NASCAR Monster Energy Series driver. Graduated from Rochester High School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Keselowski" title="Brian Keselowski">Brian Keselowski</a>, NASCAR driver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walt_Kowalczyk" title="Walt Kowalczyk">Walt Kowalczyk</a>, professional American football player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jana_Kramer" title="Jana Kramer">Jana Kramer</a>, country music singer and actress</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a>, singer and actress; grew up in Rochester Hills but was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City, Michigan</a>; graduated from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_Adams_High_School" title="Rochester Adams High School">Rochester Adams High School</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alec_Martinez" title="Alec Martinez">Alec Martinez</a>, professional hockey player for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vegas_Golden_Knights" title="Vegas Golden Knights">Vegas Golden Knights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_Owens_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Owens (musician)">Craig Owens</a>, lead singer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiodos" title="Chiodos">Chiodos</a> and Cinematic Sunrise</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roxy_Petrucci" title="Roxy Petrucci">Roxy Petrucci</a>, drummer of all-female rock/metal band <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vixen_(band)" title="Vixen (band)">Vixen</a> in the 1980s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Sell" title="Brian Sell">Brian Sell</a>, retired marathoner; resides in Rochester Hills</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joey_Sturgis" title="Joey Sturgis">Joey Sturgis</a>, record producer; resides in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Oakland Charter Township, Michigan">Oakland Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_Teachworth" title="Ron Teachworth">Ron Teachworth</a>, educator, artist, writer and filmmaker</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dita_Von_Teese" title="Dita Von Teese">Dita Von Teese</a>, burlesque artist, model and actress</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob_Trouba" title="Jacob Trouba">Jacob Trouba</a>, NHL hockey player for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Vanderkaay" title="Peter Vanderkaay">Peter Vanderkaay</a>, Olympic gold medalist in swimming; graduated from Rochester Adams High School in 2002</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Varitek" title="Jason Varitek">Jason Varitek</a>, professional baseball player; born in Rochester</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Simpson_Woodward" title="Robert Simpson Woodward">Robert Simpson Woodward</a>, physicist and mathematician; born in Rochester</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_D._Zamka" title="George D. Zamka">George D. Zamka</a> (born 1962), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naval_aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval aviator">pilot</a> who piloted the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a> in its 2007 mission to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> and was commander of mission <a href="/enwiki/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diego_Perez" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Diego Perez">Diego Perez</a> Immigrant rights activist and war criminal.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_26.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_26.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wwwcensusgov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a>. United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GR2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1675440">"Rochester Hills"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.atitle=Rochester+Hills&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov%2Fapex%2Ff%3Fp%3Dgnispq%3A3%3A%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP3_FID%3A1675440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Census_2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Rochester Hills city, Michigan"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Race%2C+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+Age%2C+and+Housing+Occupancy%3A+2010+Census+Redistricting+Data+%28Public+Law+94-171%29+Summary+File+%28QT-PL%29%2C+Rochester+Hills+city%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2013" class="citation web cs1">McKay, John (2013-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patch.com/michigan/rochester/rochester-ranks-among-michigans-wealthiest-zip-codes">"Rochester Ranks Among Michigan's Wealthiest ZIP Codes"</a>. <i>Rochester-Rochester Hills, MI Patch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rochester-Rochester+Hills%2C+MI+Patch&rft.atitle=Rochester+Ranks+Among+Michigan%27s+Wealthiest+ZIP+Codes&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatch.com%2Fmichigan%2Frochester%2Frochester-ranks-among-michigans-wealthiest-zip-codes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTurner2015" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Gerri (2015-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degreequery.com/most-educated-places-us/">"The 50 Most Educated Places in America"</a>. <i>DegreeQuery.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DegreeQuery.com&rft.atitle=The+50+Most+Educated+Places+in+America&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Gerri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degreequery.com%2Fmost-educated-places-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1617957">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yates, Michigan</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gazpublic/getgooglemap?p_lat=42.6736436&p_longi=-83.0957643&fid=1617957">GNIS in Google Map</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CRWC-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRWC_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRWC_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwc.org/watershed/native-american-history/">"Native Americans of the Clinton River Watershed"</a>. <i>Clinton River Watershed Council</i>. Clinton River Watershed Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clinton+River+Watershed+Council&rft.atitle=Native+Americans+of+the+Clinton+River+Watershed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwc.org%2Fwatershed%2Fnative-american-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Vaudreuil, M. "General Memoir Respecting the Indians between Lake Erie and the Mississippi, with Remarks upon Their Territory, Manners, Habits, Etc." In Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, edited by E. B. O'Callaghan, MD, compiled by John Romeyn Brodhead, Esq, 887-90. Vol. IX. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company Printers, 1855.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-BELPOA-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BELPOA_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDuval" class="citation web cs1">Duval, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belpoa.org/html/History1a.htm">"Potawatomi Native Americans Fish and Hunt at Bald Eagle Lake"</a>. <i>History of Bald Eagle Lake</i>. Bald Eagle Lake Property Owner's Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Bald+Eagle+Lake&rft.atitle=Potawatomi+Native+Americans+Fish+and+Hunt+at+Bald+Eagle+Lake&rft.aulast=Duval&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelpoa.org%2Fhtml%2FHistory1a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hull1807-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hull1807_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHull" class="citation web cs1">Hull, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0092.htm">"Treaty with the Ottawa, Etc., 1807"</a>. <i>Indian Affairs: Laws and treaties</i>. Oklahoma State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Affairs%3A+Laws+and+treaties.&rft.atitle=Treaty+with+the+Ottawa%2C+Etc.%2C+1807&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.okstate.edu%2Fkappler%2FVol2%2Ftreaties%2Fott0092.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Our Community's History." Rochester Hills, MI Official Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rochesterhills.org/index.aspx?NID=267">https://www.rochesterhills.org/index.aspx?NID=267</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Saginaw Trail Historic Marker." Detroit: The History and Future of the Motor City. July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.detroit1701.org/">http://www.detroit1701.org/</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomig198680-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomig198680_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRomig1986">Romig 1986</a>, p. 80.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-24.pdf">"Michigan: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. September 2012. p. 37 Michigan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2010+United+States+Census&rft.atitle=Michigan%3A+2010+Population+and+Housing+Unit+Counts+2010+Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pages=37+Michigan&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fcph-2-24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steele, Micki. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20110419/METRO/104190316">Asian-Americans settle in Metro Detroit enclaves</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a></i>. April 19, 2011. Retrieved on September 9, 2013.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rochesterhills.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/813">http://www.rochesterhills.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/813</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg==">District Map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg==">Archived</a> 2015-06-20 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg==">Archive</a>). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avondale_School_District" title="Avondale School District">Avondale School District</a>. Retrieved on June 20, 2015.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-OldHist-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OldHist_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html">JSD History</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6XpggPNMl?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html">Archive</a>). Japanese School of Detroit. May 2, 2001. Retrieved on April 16, 2015. "（１９９９） 事務局移転（インターナショナル・アカデミー校→旧オークランド・シュタイナー校） "</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=gibboja01/">"Jay Gibbons Stats"</a>. Baseball Almanac<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jay+Gibbons+Stats&rft.pub=Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fplayers%2Fplayer.php%3Fp%3Dgibboja01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613094455/http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html">"Singer of the Week: Madonna"</a>. <i>AskMen.com</i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html">the original</a> on 13 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AskMen.com&rft.atitle=Singer+of+the+Week%3A+Madonna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askmen.com%2Fwomen%2Fsinger%2F5_madonna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<ul><li>Michelle Ahn</li></ul>
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/zamka_george.pdf">Biographical Data for George D. Zamka</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Accessed August 28, 2020."Personal Data: Born in 1962 in Jersey City, New Jersey. Raised in New York City; Irvington, New York; Medellin, Colombia; and Rochester Hills, Michigan."</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span></h3>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRomig1986" class="citation book cs1">Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) [1973]. <i>Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities</i>. <i>Great Lakes Books Series</i> (Paperback). Detroit, Michigan: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-1838-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-1838-6"><bdi>978-0-8143-1838-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+Place+Names%3A+The+History+of+the+Founding+and+the+Naming+of+More+Than+Five+Thousand+Past+and+Present+Michigan+Communities&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1986-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-1838-6&rft.aulast=Romig&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARochester+Hills%2C+Michigan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rochesterhills.org/">City of Rochester Hills</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhpl.org/">Rochester Public Library</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529150631/http://www.theoaklandcounty.com/">The Oakland County</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Template:Rochester Hills, Michigan"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Template talk:Rochester Hills, Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Rochester_Hills,_Michigan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rochester Hills, Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Education</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary and secondary schools</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_Community_Schools_(Michigan)" title="Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)">Rochester Community Schools</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_High_School_(Michigan)" title="Rochester High School (Michigan)">Rochester High School</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_Adams_High_School" title="Rochester Adams High School">Rochester Adams High School</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stoney_Creek_High_School" title="Stoney Creek High School">Stoney Creek High School</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avondale_School_District" title="Avondale School District">Avondale School District</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other education</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_Community_College" title="Oakland Community College">Oakland Community College</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Other</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Village_of_Rochester_Hills" title="The Village of Rochester Hills">The Village of Rochester Hills</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Oakland_County,_Michigan,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Template:Oakland County, Michigan"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Template talk:Oakland County, Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Oakland_County,_Michigan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Oakland_County,_Michigan,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan"><span class="region">Oakland County, Michigan</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="County_seat:_Pontiac"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan"><span>Pontiac</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berkley,_Michigan" title="Berkley, Michigan">Berkley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clarkston,_Michigan" title="Clarkston, Michigan">Clarkston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clawson,_Michigan" title="Clawson, Michigan">Clawson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farmington,_Michigan" title="Farmington, Michigan">Farmington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fenton,_Michigan" title="Fenton, Michigan">Fenton</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferndale,_Michigan" title="Ferndale, Michigan">Ferndale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hazel_Park,_Michigan" title="Hazel Park, Michigan">Hazel Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huntington_Woods,_Michigan" title="Huntington Woods, Michigan">Huntington Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keego_Harbor,_Michigan" title="Keego Harbor, Michigan">Keego Harbor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_Angelus,_Michigan" title="Lake Angelus, Michigan">Lake Angelus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lathrup_Village,_Michigan" title="Lathrup Village, Michigan">Lathrup Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madison_Heights,_Michigan" title="Madison Heights, Michigan">Madison Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oak_Park,_Michigan" title="Oak Park, Michigan">Oak Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchard_Lake_Village,_Michigan" title="Orchard Lake Village, Michigan">Orchard Lake Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pleasant_Ridge,_Michigan" title="Pleasant Ridge, Michigan">Pleasant Ridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rochester Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Lyon,_Michigan" title="South Lyon, Michigan">South Lyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sylvan_Lake,_Michigan" title="Sylvan Lake, Michigan">Sylvan Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walled_Lake,_Michigan" title="Walled Lake, Michigan">Walled Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wixom,_Michigan" title="Wixom, Michigan">Wixom</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg/85px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Map of Michigan highlighting Oakland County" width="85" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg/128px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg/171px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Oakland_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6256" data-file-height="7325" /></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Village_(United_States)" title="Village (United States)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Michigan" title="Beverly Hills, Michigan">Beverly Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bingham_Farms,_Michigan" title="Bingham Farms, Michigan">Bingham Farms</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin,_Michigan" title="Franklin, Michigan">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holly,_Michigan" title="Holly, Michigan">Holly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_Orion,_Michigan" title="Lake Orion, Michigan">Lake Orion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard,_Michigan" title="Leonard, Michigan">Leonard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milford,_Michigan" title="Milford, Michigan">Milford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ortonville,_Michigan" title="Ortonville, Michigan">Ortonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford,_Michigan" title="Oxford, Michigan">Oxford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolverine_Lake,_Michigan" title="Wolverine Lake, Michigan">Wolverine Lake</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter<br />townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brandon_Township,_Michigan" title="Brandon Township, Michigan">Brandon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Highland_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Highland Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Highland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independence_Township,_Michigan" title="Independence Township, Michigan">Independence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyon_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Lyon Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Lyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milford_Township,_Michigan" title="Milford Township, Michigan">Milford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Oakland Charter Township, Michigan">Oakland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orion_Township,_Michigan" title="Orion Township, Michigan">Orion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_Charter_Township,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Charter Township, Michigan">Oxford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontiac_Township,_Michigan" title="Pontiac Township, Michigan">Pontiac</a> <i>(defunct)</i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Oak_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak Charter Township, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Springfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Springfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Lake_Township,_Michigan" title="White Lake Township, Michigan">White Lake</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Addison_Township,_Michigan" title="Addison Township, Michigan">Addison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Groveland_Township,_Michigan" title="Groveland Township, Michigan">Groveland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holly_Township,_Michigan" title="Holly Township, Michigan">Holly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Novi_Township,_Michigan" title="Novi Township, Michigan">Novi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rose_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Rose Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Rose</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Southfield Township, Michigan">Southfield</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated <br /> communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andersonville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Andersonville, Michigan">Andersonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austin_Corners,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Corners, Michigan">Austin Corners</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brandon_Gardens,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandon Gardens, Michigan">Brandon Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Campbells_Corner,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbells Corner, Michigan">Campbells Corner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charing_Cross,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Charing Cross, Michigan">Charing Cross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clintonville,_Michigan" title="Clintonville, Michigan">Clintonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clyde,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Clyde, Michigan">Clyde</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commerce,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce, Michigan">Commerce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Davisburg,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Davisburg, Michigan">Davisburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drayton_Plains,_Michigan" title="Drayton Plains, Michigan">Drayton Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Highland,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Highland, Michigan">East Highland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Lake,_Michigan" title="Elizabeth Lake, Michigan">Elizabeth Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Five_Points,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Points, Oakland County, Michigan">Five Points</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Towns,_Michigan" title="Four Towns, Michigan">Four Towns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gingellville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingellville, Michigan">Gingellville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glengary,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Glengary, Michigan">Glengary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodison,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodison, Michigan">Goodison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Groveland_Corners,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Groveland Corners, Michigan">Groveland Corners</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hickory_Ridge,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickory Ridge, Michigan">Hickory Ridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Highland,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland, Michigan">Highland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huron_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron Heights, Michigan">Huron Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jossman_Acres,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jossman Acres, Michigan">Jossman Acres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kensington,_Michigan" title="Kensington, Michigan">Kensington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_Orion_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Orion Heights, Michigan">Lake Orion Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lakeville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeville, Michigan">Lakeville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hudson,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hudson, Michigan">New Hudson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newark,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Newark, Oakland County, Michigan">Newark</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oak_Grove,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Grove, Oakland County, Michigan">Oak Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakley_Park,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakley Park, Michigan">Oakley Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakwood,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakwood, Michigan">Oakwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxbow,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxbow, Michigan">Oxbow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_Lake_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry Lake Heights, Michigan">Perry Lake Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rose_Center,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Center, Michigan">Rose Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rose_Corners,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Corners, Michigan">Rose Corners</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudds_Mill,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudds Mill, Michigan">Rudds Mill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seven_Harbors,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Harbors, Michigan">Seven Harbors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield, Oakland County, Michigan">Springfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas, Oakland County, Michigan">Thomas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Lake,_Michigan" title="Union Lake, Michigan">Union Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walters,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Walters, Michigan">Walters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterford,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterford, Michigan">Waterford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterstone,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterstone, Michigan">Waterstone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Highland,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Highland, Michigan">West Highland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westacres,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Westacres, Michigan">Westacres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Lake,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="White Lake, Michigan">White Lake</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan"><span>Michigan portal</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metro_Detroit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Detroit" title="Template talk:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Metro_Detroit&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Economy of metropolitan Detroit">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Freeways</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">Historic places</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_in_metropolitan_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in metropolitan Detroit">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Parks_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Template:Parks in metropolitan Detroit">Parks and beaches</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit"> Performing arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">Skyscrapers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Large_Detroit_Landsat.jpg" class="image" title="Simulated satellite image of Metro Detroit"><img alt="Simulated satellite image of Metro Detroit" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Large_Detroit_Landsat.jpg/100px-Large_Detroit_Landsat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities<br /><small> over 80,000</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities<br /><small> 40,000 to 80,000</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford Township</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rochester Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Charter Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield Township</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural<br />enclaves</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downriver" title="Downriver">Downriver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite cities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brighton,_Michigan" title="Brighton, Michigan">Brighton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">MSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Michigan" title="Template:Michigan"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Michigan" title="Template talk:Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Michigan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span> State of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Lansing_(capital)"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_Michigan" title="Outline of Michigan">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">Congressional delegation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_fauna_of_Michigan" title="List of fauna of Michigan">Fauna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Michigan" title="Geography of Michigan">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Michigan" title="Government of Michigan">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan_State_Trunkline_Highway_System" title="Michigan State Trunkline Highway System">Highways</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Michigan" title="History of Michigan">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_Michigan-related_articles" title="Index of Michigan-related articles">Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Michigan" title="List of islands of Michigan">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_of_Michigan" title="Law of Michigan">Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Lighthouses_of_Michigan" title="Template:Lighthouses of Michigan">Lighthouses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">Municipalities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Michigan" title="List of museums in Michigan">Museums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Michigan" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan">National Historic Landmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">National Register of Historic Places listings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Michigan" title="List of people from Michigan">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites" title="List of Michigan State Historic Sites">State Historic Sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_parks" title="List of Michigan state parks">State parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Michigan" title="List of tallest buildings in Michigan">Tallest buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Michigan_history" title="Timeline of Michigan history">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Michigan" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Michigan">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="Great Seal of the State of Michigan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Seal_of_Michigan.svg/100px-Seal_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Seal_of_Michigan.svg/150px-Seal_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Seal_of_Michigan.svg/200px-Seal_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="260" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Michigan_culture" title="Category:Michigan culture">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Michigan" title="Crime in Michigan">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Michigan">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Michigan">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Michigan">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elections_in_Michigan" title="Elections in Michigan">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Michigan">Politics</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Michigan" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Copper_Country" title="Copper Country">Copper Country</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gogebic_Range" title="Gogebic Range">Gogebic Range</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower Peninsula</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Michigan" title="Central Michigan">Central Michigan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michiana" title="Michiana">Michiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Michigan" title="Northern Michigan">Northern Michigan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Thumb" title="The Thumb">The Thumb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Michigan" title="West Michigan">West Michigan</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan_(by_population)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities in Michigan (by population)">Largest <br /> municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgetown_Township,_Michigan" title="Georgetown Township, Michigan">Georgetown Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Blanc_Township,_Michigan" title="Grand Blanc Township, Michigan">Grand Blanc Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Holland Charter Township, Michigan">Holland Charter Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independence_Township,_Michigan" title="Independence Township, Michigan">Independence Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kentwood,_Michigan" title="Kentwood, Michigan">Kentwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meridian_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Meridian Charter Township, Michigan">Meridian Charter Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midland,_Michigan" title="Midland, Michigan">Midland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orion_Township,_Michigan" title="Orion Township, Michigan">Orion Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portage,_Michigan" title="Portage, Michigan">Portage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rochester Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saginaw_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Saginaw Charter Township, Michigan">Saginaw Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Charter Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wyoming,_Michigan" title="Wyoming, Michigan">Wyoming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ypsilanti_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti Charter Township, Michigan">Ypsilanti Charter Township</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alcona_County,_Michigan" title="Alcona County, Michigan">Alcona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alger_County,_Michigan" title="Alger County, Michigan">Alger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegan_County,_Michigan" title="Allegan County, Michigan">Allegan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alpena_County,_Michigan" title="Alpena County, Michigan">Alpena</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antrim_County,_Michigan" title="Antrim County, Michigan">Antrim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arenac_County,_Michigan" title="Arenac County, Michigan">Arenac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baraga_County,_Michigan" title="Baraga County, Michigan">Baraga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barry_County,_Michigan" title="Barry County, Michigan">Barry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bay_County,_Michigan" title="Bay County, Michigan">Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benzie_County,_Michigan" title="Benzie County, Michigan">Benzie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berrien_County,_Michigan" title="Berrien County, Michigan">Berrien</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Branch_County,_Michigan" title="Branch County, Michigan">Branch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Michigan" title="Calhoun County, Michigan">Calhoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cass_County,_Michigan" title="Cass County, Michigan">Cass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlevoix_County,_Michigan" title="Charlevoix County, Michigan">Charlevoix</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheboygan_County,_Michigan" title="Cheboygan County, Michigan">Cheboygan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chippewa_County,_Michigan" title="Chippewa County, Michigan">Chippewa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clare_County,_Michigan" title="Clare County, Michigan">Clare</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton County, Michigan">Clinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crawford_County,_Michigan" title="Crawford County, Michigan">Crawford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delta_County,_Michigan" title="Delta County, Michigan">Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dickinson_County,_Michigan" title="Dickinson County, Michigan">Dickinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eaton_County,_Michigan" title="Eaton County, Michigan">Eaton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmet_County,_Michigan" title="Emmet County, Michigan">Emmet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gladwin_County,_Michigan" title="Gladwin County, Michigan">Gladwin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gogebic_County,_Michigan" title="Gogebic County, Michigan">Gogebic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Traverse_County,_Michigan" title="Grand Traverse County, Michigan">Grand Traverse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gratiot_County,_Michigan" title="Gratiot County, Michigan">Gratiot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillsdale_County,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale County, Michigan">Hillsdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Houghton_County,_Michigan" title="Houghton County, Michigan">Houghton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huron_County,_Michigan" title="Huron County, Michigan">Huron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingham_County,_Michigan" title="Ingham County, Michigan">Ingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ionia_County,_Michigan" title="Ionia County, Michigan">Ionia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iosco_County,_Michigan" title="Iosco County, Michigan">Iosco</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iron_County,_Michigan" title="Iron County, Michigan">Iron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isabella_County,_Michigan" title="Isabella County, Michigan">Isabella</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackson_County,_Michigan" title="Jackson County, Michigan">Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kalamazoo_County,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo County, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kalkaska_County,_Michigan" title="Kalkaska County, Michigan">Kalkaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_County,_Michigan" title="Kent County, Michigan">Kent</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keweenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Keweenaw County, Michigan">Keweenaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_County,_Michigan" title="Lake County, Michigan">Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leelanau_County,_Michigan" title="Leelanau County, Michigan">Leelanau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luce_County,_Michigan" title="Luce County, Michigan">Luce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mackinac_County,_Michigan" title="Mackinac County, Michigan">Mackinac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manistee_County,_Michigan" title="Manistee County, Michigan">Manistee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marquette_County,_Michigan" title="Marquette County, Michigan">Marquette</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mason_County,_Michigan" title="Mason County, Michigan">Mason</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mecosta_County,_Michigan" title="Mecosta County, Michigan">Mecosta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Menominee_County,_Michigan" title="Menominee County, Michigan">Menominee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midland_County,_Michigan" title="Midland County, Michigan">Midland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Missaukee_County,_Michigan" title="Missaukee County, Michigan">Missaukee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montcalm_County,_Michigan" title="Montcalm County, Michigan">Montcalm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montmorency_County,_Michigan" title="Montmorency County, Michigan">Montmorency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muskegon_County,_Michigan" title="Muskegon County, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newaygo_County,_Michigan" title="Newaygo County, Michigan">Newaygo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oceana_County,_Michigan" title="Oceana County, Michigan">Oceana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ogemaw_County,_Michigan" title="Ogemaw County, Michigan">Ogemaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontonagon_County,_Michigan" title="Ontonagon County, Michigan">Ontonagon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osceola_County,_Michigan" title="Osceola County, Michigan">Osceola</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscoda_County,_Michigan" title="Oscoda County, Michigan">Oscoda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otsego_County,_Michigan" title="Otsego County, Michigan">Otsego</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Michigan" title="Ottawa County, Michigan">Ottawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presque_Isle_County,_Michigan" title="Presque Isle County, Michigan">Presque Isle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roscommon_County,_Michigan" title="Roscommon County, Michigan">Roscommon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saginaw_County,_Michigan" title="Saginaw County, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sanilac_County,_Michigan" title="Sanilac County, Michigan">Sanilac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schoolcraft_County,_Michigan" title="Schoolcraft County, Michigan">Schoolcraft</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shiawassee_County,_Michigan" title="Shiawassee County, Michigan">Shiawassee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Joseph_County,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph County, Michigan">St. Joseph</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuscola_County,_Michigan" title="Tuscola County, Michigan">Tuscola</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Van_Buren_County,_Michigan" title="Van Buren County, Michigan">Van Buren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wexford_County,_Michigan" title="Wexford County, Michigan">Wexford</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q993444#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q993444#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q993444#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n91054170">n91054170</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MBAREA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ceaff467-0a2d-47f4-b600-90bce95a1870">ceaff467-0a2d-47f4-b600-90bce95a1870</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138511948">138511948</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities (identifier)">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n91054170">lccn-n91054170</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1612273405 |