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{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Lilian Mary Baylis
|image = Baylis.jpg
|caption = Lilian Baylis and friend c. 1920
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1874|5|9}}
|birth_place = [[Marylebone]], London, England
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1937|11|25|1874|5|9}}
|death_place = [[Lambeth]], London, England
|resting_place = [[East London Cemetery]]
|resting_place_coordinates =
|other_names =
|occupation = Theatrical producer and manager
|known_for = Revived [[Old Vic]] and [[Sadler's Wells]] Theatre. Founded forerunners of [[English National Opera]], [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and [[Royal Ballet]].
}}
'''Lilian Mary Baylis'''<ref>Schafer, Elizabeth (2006), "Lilian Baylis: A Biography". University of Hertfordshire Press, Hatfield. {{ISBN|1-902806-63-8}}</ref>
[[Order of the Companions of Honour|CH]] (9 May 1874{{spaced ndash}}25 November 1937) was an English theatrical producer and manager. She managed the [[Old Vic]] and [[Sadler's Wells]] theatres in London and ran an opera company, which became the [[English National Opera]] (ENO); a theatre company, which evolved into the English [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]; and a ballet company, which eventually became [[The Royal Ballet]].
==Early years==
Lilian Baylis was born in [[Marylebone]], London, England<ref>http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-births-1837-2006?firstname=lilian&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1874&eventyear_offset=0</ref> to parents Newton Baylis and Elizabeth (Liebe) Cons. She was the eldest of six children, and grew up surrounded by music and performance. Her mother was a successful singer and pianist, and Baylis's education was grounded in the arts; she began performing and teaching music at an early age. She attended St. Augustine's school, Kilburn. She also took violin lessons with leading professionals, such as John Tiplady Carrodus, who was principal first violin at Covent Garden.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lilian Baylis|last=Thorndike|first=Sybil and Russel|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1938|location=London}}</ref>
==South Africa==
In 1891, the Baylis family emigrated to South Africa when their performance troupe "The Gypsy Revellers" were offered a long-term contract to tour and perform there. As a teenager Lilian played violin and mandolin in "The Gypsy Revellers". She also taught her mother's music and dance students. She earned a good living and played in many concerts. When Baylis fell ill and had to have an operation on her kidneys, her family became concerned for her heath, especially as the country was in turmoil after the [[Jameson Raid]]. Baylis returned to London to recuperate and her aunt [[Emma Cons]] offered her a job at [[The Old Vic|The Royal Victoria Hall and Coffee Tavern]] (known as "The Old Vic"), which she managed. Having spent most of her adolescent years in South Africa, Baylis left behind her family, many close friends, and a fiance.
== The Old Vic ==
Baylis assisted Emma Cons in running the Old Vic, and gradually took on more management duties running concerts, film shows, lecture programmes and variety shows. Following Cons' death in 1912, Baylis became lessee and obtained a theatre licence for the Royal Victoria Hall to begin staging theatrical performances.
Initially Baylis was interested in opera, which she preferred to every other art form. She joined forces with [[Charles Corri]] to arrange and perform operas at the Old Vic with a small orchestra and limited resources. Plays were introduced to the Old Vic by Rosina Filippi, husband and wife team, Matheson Lang and Hutin Britton, and Sir Philip Ben Greet. The plays of [[William Shakespeare]] were often performed and Baylis claimed that the Old Vic had become the London 'Home of Shakespeare'. In the run up to the 300th anniversary of the publication of the [[First Folio]] Baylis produced all of Shakespeare's plays, even the ones she knew would be unlikely to generate many ticket sales. The tradition of doing Shakespeare at the Old Vic continued for many years and performers such as [[John Gielgud]] and [[Laurence Olivier]] were willing to work for low wages if they could play the great Shakespearean roles.<ref>Findlater, Richard (1975), ''Lilian Baylis: The Lady of the Old Vic''. London: Allen Lane.</ref><ref>Hamilton, Cecily and Baylis, Lilian (1926), ''The Old Vic''. London: Cape.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Lilian Baylis: A Biography|last=Schafer|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Old Vic: The Story of a Great Theatre from Kean to Olivier to Spacey|last=Coleman|first=Terry|publisher=Faber & Faber Limited|year=2014|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oldvictheatre.com|title=The Old Vic|website=About Us - The Old Vic|publisher=Arts Council England|access-date=23 February 2016}}</ref>
==Sadler's Wells==
[[Image:Waterloo the old vic 1.jpg|thumb|150px|The Old Vic Theatre from the corner of [[Baylis Road]].]]
In 1925, Baylis began a campaign to re-open the derelict [[Sadler's Wells Theatre]], something she finally achieved with a gala opening on 6 January 1931 of a production of Shakespeare's ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' starring [[John Gielgud]] as Malvolio and [[Ralph Richardson]] as [[Toby Belch]]. Acquiring Sadler's Wells enabled Baylis to develop her plans for a dance company, something she had wished to do since 1928 when she hired [[Ninette de Valois]] to improve the standard of dancing in operas and plays at the Old Vic. For several years the opera, drama and ballet companies known as the "Vic-Wells" companies, moved between the Old Vic and Sadler's Wells but by 1935 the ballet company, which now included [[Margot Fonteyn]] and [[Robert Helpmann]], with guest appearances from [[Alicia Markova]] and [[Anton Dolin]], tended to perform at Sadler's Wells. Musical direction was by [[Constant Lambert]], and choreography for new works by de Valois and rising star [[Frederick Ashton]]. The ballet company's descendants today are the Royal Ballet and the [[Birmingham]] Royal Ballet. Today the Sadler's Wells Theatre is primarily a dance venue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sadlerswells.com|title=Sadler's Wells Theatre - London's Dance House|website=Sadlerswells.com|access-date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
==Growing stars==
The Vic-Wells nurtured the careers of stars such as [[Laurence Olivier]], [[John Gielgud]], [[Peggy Ashcroft]], [[Sybil Thorndike]], [[Edith Evans]], [[Alec Guinness]], [[Michael Redgrave]], [[Maurice Evans (actor)|Maurice Evans]] and [[Ralph Richardson]], and became famous for stylish productions under the artistic directorship of [[Tyrone Guthrie]] during the 1930s. In 1937 Guthrie's production of ''[[Hamlet]]'' played at [[Elsinore]]/[[Helsingør]] in Denmark, with Olivier in the title role, and [[Vivien Leigh]] as [[Hamlet|Ophelia]]. [[John Gielgud|Gielgud's]] first performance as [[Hamlet]] in 1930 became the first [[Old Vic Theatre|Old Vic]] production to be transferred to the West End for a run. Baylis scored a casting coup in 1933 by featuring [[Charles Laughton]] at the theatre after he had become a worldwide name in the film ''[[The Private Life of Henry VIII]]''. To exploit the audiences' interest in the film, she cast [[Charles Laughton|Laughton]] as [[Shakespeare]]'s [[Henry VIII (play)|Henry VIII]].
==Recognition and death==
Baylis was awarded an honorary master's degree from [[Oxford University]] for her work in the theatre in 1924, only the fourth such honour to be given to a woman by the university. In 1929 she was made a [[Order of the Companions of Honour|Companion of Honour]] (CH) for service to the nation. In 1934 [[Birmingham University]] awarded Baylis an honorary doctorate. A [[Greater London Council]] [[blue plaque]] commemorates Baylis at her home, 27 Stockwell Park Road in Stockwell, South London.<ref name='EngHet'>{{cite web| url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/baylis-lilian-1874-1937|title=BAYLIS, LILIAN (1874–1937)|publisher=English Heritage| access-date=20 October 2012}}</ref> and the [[Lilian Baylis Technology School]], Kennington is so named in her honour.
After a long illness, Baylis died of a heart attack on 25 November 1937, aged 63 in [[Lambeth]], [[South London]],<ref>http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-deaths-1837-2007?firstname=lilian%20m&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1937&eventyear_offset=1&yearofbirth=1874&yearofbirth_offset=0</ref> the night before the Old Vic was to open a production of ''[[Macbeth]]'' starring Laurence Olivier and [[Judith Anderson]].<ref>Tanitch, Robert, "Olivier". Abbeville Press</ref> She was cremated at [[East London Cemetery]] and Crematorium, where her ashes were scattered at her own request. There is a memorial plaque for Lilian Baylis at the Actors' Church, St Paul's, in the heart of Covent Garden.
== Influence ==
In 1985, English National Opera created an education and outreach department, naming it the Baylis Programme called in Lilian Baylis's honour. The Baylis Programme (now called '''ENO Baylis''') was led for ten years by its founder directors Rebecca Meitlis and David Sulkin. Subsequent directors included Steve Moffitt<ref>[http://25by4.channel4.com/chapter_7/article_7/page_1] {{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref> and Alice King-Farlow. In the Lilian Baylis tradition the work of ENO Baylis focusses on those who are new to opera. It involves around 12,000 people every year in a wide range of projects, events, courses and performances, with a goal of developing creative responses to opera and music theatre; making new work with communities and exploring individual creativity as a means of providing access to ENO's productions; and encouraging learning and development through participation of artists and collaboration of resources.
The current Sadler's Wells Theatre contains a 200-seat theatre named after her, and the National Theatre has a Lilian Baylis Terrace. The upper circle in the Old Vic is called the Lilian Baylis Circle. A building in West Hampstead used by ENO for rehearsals and production wardrobe is called Lilian Baylis House. In [[Vauxhall]] the Lillian Baylis Secondary School is also named in her honour. There is a Lilian Baylis [[Rose]], and the Royal Victoria Hall Foundation administers the annual Lilian Baylis Awards for promising acting students. A street alongside Waterloo station is named [[Baylis Road]].
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
{{Wikisource author}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baylis, Lilian}}
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]
[[Category:Dance managers]]
[[Category:English theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:Women theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from London]]
[[Category:Theatre in London]]
[[Category:History of the London Borough of Lambeth]]
[[Category:Ballet impresarios]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|English theatrical producer and manager}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Lilian Mary Baylis
|image = Baylis.jpg
|caption = Lilian Baylis and friend c. 1920
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1874|5|9}}
|birth_place = [[Marylebone]], London, England
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1937|11|25|1874|5|9}}
|death_place = [[Lambeth]], London, England
|resting_place = [[East London Cemetery]]
|resting_place_coordinates =
|other_names =
|occupation = Theatrical producer and manager
|known_for = Revived [[Old Vic]] and [[Sadler's Wells]] Theatre. Founded forerunners of [[English National Opera]], [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and [[Royal Ballet]].
}}
'''Lilian Mary Baylis'''<ref>Schafer, Elizabeth (2006), "Lilian Baylis: A Biography". University of Hertfordshire Press, Hatfield. {{ISBN|1-902806-63-8}}</ref>
[[Order of the Companions of Honour|CH]] (9 May 1874{{spaced ndash}}25 November 1937) was an English theatrical producer and manager. She managed the [[Old Vic]] and [[Sadler's Wells]] theatres in London and ran an opera company, which became the [[English National Opera]] (ENO); a theatre company, which evolved into the English [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]; and a ballet company, which eventually became [[The Royal Ballet]].
==Early years==
Lilian Baylis was born in [[Marylebone]], London, England<ref>http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-births-1837-2006?firstname=lilian&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1874&eventyear_offset=0</ref> to parents Newton Baylis and Elizabeth (Liebe) Cons. She was the eldest of six children, and grew up surrounded by music and performance. Her mother was a successful singer and pianist, and Baylis's education was grounded in the arts; she began performing and teaching music at an early age. She attended St. Augustine's school, Kilburn. She also took violin lessons with leading professionals, such as John Tiplady Carrodus, who was principal first violin at Covent Garden.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lilian Baylis|last=Thorndike|first=Sybil and Russel|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1938|location=London}}</ref>
==South Africa==
In 1891, the Baylis family emigrated to South Africa when their performance troupe "The Gypsy Revellers" were offered a long-term contract to tour and perform there. As a teenager Lilian played violin and mandolin in "The Gypsy Revellers". She also taught her mother's music and dance students. She earned a good living and played in many concerts. When Baylis fell ill and had to have an operation on her kidneys, her family became concerned for her heath, especially as the country was in turmoil after the [[Jameson Raid]]. Baylis returned to London to recuperate and her aunt [[Emma Cons]] offered her a job at [[The Old Vic|The Royal Victoria Hall and Coffee Tavern]] (known as "The Old Vic"), which she managed. Having spent most of her adolescent years in South Africa, Baylis left behind her family, many close friends, and a fiance.
After arriving in London she met 12-year-old [[Beatrice Gordon Holmes]], who would become a lifelong friend. Baylis had been romantically involved with Holmes' maternal uncle in Johannesburg, and used to quip to Holmes that, "you know, my dear, if I had married your Uncle Jack, you would be my niece!"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schafer|first=Elizabeth|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U4Y6Jyc0vSAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=beatrice+gordon+holmes+in+love+with+life&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beatrice%20gordon%20holmes%20in%20love%20with%20life&f=false|title=Lilian Baylis: A Biography|date=2006|publisher=Univ of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=978-1-902806-64-8|language=en}}</ref>
== The Old Vic ==
Baylis assisted Emma Cons in running the Old Vic, and gradually took on more management duties running concerts, film shows, lecture programmes and variety shows. Following Cons' death in 1912, Baylis became lessee and obtained a theatre licence for the Royal Victoria Hall to begin staging theatrical performances.
Initially Baylis was interested in opera, which she preferred to every other art form. She joined forces with [[Charles Corri]] to arrange and perform operas at the Old Vic with a small orchestra and limited resources. Plays were introduced to the Old Vic by Rosina Filippi, husband and wife team, Matheson Lang and Hutin Britton, and Sir Philip Ben Greet. The plays of [[William Shakespeare]] were often performed and Baylis claimed that the Old Vic had become the London 'Home of Shakespeare'. In the run up to the 300th anniversary of the publication of the [[First Folio]] Baylis produced all of Shakespeare's plays, even the ones she knew would be unlikely to generate many ticket sales. The tradition of doing Shakespeare at the Old Vic continued for many years and performers such as [[John Gielgud]] and [[Laurence Olivier]] were willing to work for low wages if they could play the great Shakespearean roles.<ref>Findlater, Richard (1975), ''Lilian Baylis: The Lady of the Old Vic''. London: Allen Lane.</ref><ref>Hamilton, Cecily and Baylis, Lilian (1926), ''The Old Vic''. London: Cape.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Lilian Baylis: A Biography|last=Schafer|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Old Vic: The Story of a Great Theatre from Kean to Olivier to Spacey|last=Coleman|first=Terry|publisher=Faber & Faber Limited|year=2014|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oldvictheatre.com|title=The Old Vic|website=About Us - The Old Vic|publisher=Arts Council England|access-date=23 February 2016}}</ref>
==Sadler's Wells==
[[Image:Waterloo the old vic 1.jpg|thumb|150px|The Old Vic Theatre from the corner of [[Baylis Road]].]]
In 1925, Baylis began a campaign to re-open the derelict [[Sadler's Wells Theatre]], something she finally achieved with a gala opening on 6 January 1931 of a production of Shakespeare's ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' starring [[John Gielgud]] as Malvolio and [[Ralph Richardson]] as [[Toby Belch]]. Acquiring Sadler's Wells enabled Baylis to develop her plans for a dance company, something she had wished to do since 1928 when she hired [[Ninette de Valois]] to improve the standard of dancing in operas and plays at the Old Vic. For several years the opera, drama and ballet companies known as the "Vic-Wells" companies, moved between the Old Vic and Sadler's Wells but by 1935 the ballet company, which now included [[Margot Fonteyn]] and [[Robert Helpmann]], with guest appearances from [[Alicia Markova]] and [[Anton Dolin]], tended to perform at Sadler's Wells. Musical direction was by [[Constant Lambert]], and choreography for new works by de Valois and rising star [[Frederick Ashton]]. The ballet company's descendants today are the Royal Ballet and the [[Birmingham]] Royal Ballet. Today the Sadler's Wells Theatre is primarily a dance venue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sadlerswells.com|title=Sadler's Wells Theatre - London's Dance House|website=Sadlerswells.com|access-date=2016-04-17}}</ref>
==Growing stars==
The Vic-Wells nurtured the careers of stars such as [[Laurence Olivier]], [[John Gielgud]], [[Peggy Ashcroft]], [[Sybil Thorndike]], [[Edith Evans]], [[Alec Guinness]], [[Michael Redgrave]], [[Maurice Evans (actor)|Maurice Evans]] and [[Ralph Richardson]], and became famous for stylish productions under the artistic directorship of [[Tyrone Guthrie]] during the 1930s. In 1937 Guthrie's production of ''[[Hamlet]]'' played at [[Elsinore]]/[[Helsingør]] in Denmark, with Olivier in the title role, and [[Vivien Leigh]] as [[Hamlet|Ophelia]]. [[John Gielgud|Gielgud's]] first performance as [[Hamlet]] in 1930 became the first [[Old Vic Theatre|Old Vic]] production to be transferred to the West End for a run. Baylis scored a casting coup in 1933 by featuring [[Charles Laughton]] at the theatre after he had become a worldwide name in the film ''[[The Private Life of Henry VIII]]''. To exploit the audiences' interest in the film, she cast [[Charles Laughton|Laughton]] as [[Shakespeare]]'s [[Henry VIII (play)|Henry VIII]].
==Recognition and death==
Baylis was awarded an honorary master's degree from [[Oxford University]] for her work in the theatre in 1924, only the fourth such honour to be given to a woman by the university. In 1929 she was made a [[Order of the Companions of Honour|Companion of Honour]] (CH) for service to the nation. In 1934 [[Birmingham University]] awarded Baylis an honorary doctorate. A [[Greater London Council]] [[blue plaque]] commemorates Baylis at her home, 27 Stockwell Park Road in Stockwell, South London.<ref name='EngHet'>{{cite web| url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/baylis-lilian-1874-1937|title=BAYLIS, LILIAN (1874–1937)|publisher=English Heritage| access-date=20 October 2012}}</ref> and the [[Lilian Baylis Technology School]], Kennington is so named in her honour.
After a long illness, Baylis died of a heart attack on 25 November 1937, aged 63 in [[Lambeth]], [[South London]],<ref>http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-deaths-1837-2007?firstname=lilian%20m&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1937&eventyear_offset=1&yearofbirth=1874&yearofbirth_offset=0</ref> the night before the Old Vic was to open a production of ''[[Macbeth]]'' starring Laurence Olivier and [[Judith Anderson]].<ref>Tanitch, Robert, "Olivier". Abbeville Press</ref> She was cremated at [[East London Cemetery]] and Crematorium, where her ashes were scattered at her own request. There is a memorial plaque for Lilian Baylis at the Actors' Church, St Paul's, in the heart of Covent Garden.
== Influence ==
In 1985, English National Opera created an education and outreach department, naming it the Baylis Programme called in Lilian Baylis's honour. The Baylis Programme (now called '''ENO Baylis''') was led for ten years by its founder directors Rebecca Meitlis and David Sulkin. Subsequent directors included Steve Moffitt<ref>[http://25by4.channel4.com/chapter_7/article_7/page_1] {{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref> and Alice King-Farlow. In the Lilian Baylis tradition the work of ENO Baylis focusses on those who are new to opera. It involves around 12,000 people every year in a wide range of projects, events, courses and performances, with a goal of developing creative responses to opera and music theatre; making new work with communities and exploring individual creativity as a means of providing access to ENO's productions; and encouraging learning and development through participation of artists and collaboration of resources.
The current Sadler's Wells Theatre contains a 200-seat theatre named after her, and the National Theatre has a Lilian Baylis Terrace. The upper circle in the Old Vic is called the Lilian Baylis Circle. A building in West Hampstead used by ENO for rehearsals and production wardrobe is called Lilian Baylis House. In [[Vauxhall]] the Lillian Baylis Secondary School is also named in her honour. There is a Lilian Baylis [[Rose]], and the Royal Victoria Hall Foundation administers the annual Lilian Baylis Awards for promising acting students. A street alongside Waterloo station is named [[Baylis Road]].
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
{{Wikisource author}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baylis, Lilian}}
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]
[[Category:Dance managers]]
[[Category:English theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:Women theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from London]]
[[Category:Theatre in London]]
[[Category:History of the London Borough of Lambeth]]
[[Category:Ballet impresarios]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -25,4 +25,6 @@
==South Africa==
In 1891, the Baylis family emigrated to South Africa when their performance troupe "The Gypsy Revellers" were offered a long-term contract to tour and perform there. As a teenager Lilian played violin and mandolin in "The Gypsy Revellers". She also taught her mother's music and dance students. She earned a good living and played in many concerts. When Baylis fell ill and had to have an operation on her kidneys, her family became concerned for her heath, especially as the country was in turmoil after the [[Jameson Raid]]. Baylis returned to London to recuperate and her aunt [[Emma Cons]] offered her a job at [[The Old Vic|The Royal Victoria Hall and Coffee Tavern]] (known as "The Old Vic"), which she managed. Having spent most of her adolescent years in South Africa, Baylis left behind her family, many close friends, and a fiance.
+
+After arriving in London she met 12-year-old [[Beatrice Gordon Holmes]], who would become a lifelong friend. Baylis had been romantically involved with Holmes' maternal uncle in Johannesburg, and used to quip to Holmes that, "you know, my dear, if I had married your Uncle Jack, you would be my niece!"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schafer|first=Elizabeth|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U4Y6Jyc0vSAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=beatrice+gordon+holmes+in+love+with+life&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beatrice%20gordon%20holmes%20in%20love%20with%20life&f=false|title=Lilian Baylis: A Biography|date=2006|publisher=Univ of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=978-1-902806-64-8|language=en}}</ref>
== The Old Vic ==
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English theatrical producer and manager</div>
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<table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lilian+Baylis%22">"Lilian Baylis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lilian+Baylis%22+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lilian+Baylis%22+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lilian+Baylis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lilian+Baylis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lilian+Baylis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Lilian Mary Baylis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lilian_Baylis,_c._1920.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Lilian Baylis, c. 1920.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Lilian_Baylis%2C_c._1920.jpg/220px-Lilian_Baylis%2C_c._1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Lilian_Baylis%2C_c._1920.jpg/330px-Lilian_Baylis%2C_c._1920.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/3/38/Lilian_Baylis%2C_c._1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="286" /></a><div>Lilian Baylis and friend c. 1920</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1874-05-09</span>)</span>9 May 1874<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Died</th><td>25 November 1937<span style="display:none">(1937-11-25)</span> (aged 63)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lambeth" title="Lambeth">Lambeth</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Resting place</th><td class="label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_London_Cemetery" title="East London Cemetery">East London Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Occupation</th><td class="role">Theatrical producer and manager</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Known for</th><td>Revived <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadler's Wells">Sadler's Wells</a> Theatre. Founded forerunners of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ballet">Royal Ballet</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Lilian Mary Baylis</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a> (9 May 1874 – 25 November 1937) was an English theatrical producer and manager. She managed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadler's Wells">Sadler's Wells</a> theatres in London and ran an opera company, which became the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> (ENO); a theatre company, which evolved into the English <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a>; and a ballet company, which eventually became <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Royal_Ballet" title="The Royal Ballet">The Royal Ballet</a>.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_years"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early years</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#South_Africa"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">South Africa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#The_Old_Vic"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">The Old Vic</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sadler's_Wells"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sadler's Wells</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Growing_stars"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Growing stars</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Recognition_and_death"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Recognition and death</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Influence"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Influence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_years">Early years</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Lilian Baylis was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, London, England<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> to parents Newton Baylis and Elizabeth (Liebe) Cons. She was the eldest of six children, and grew up surrounded by music and performance. Her mother was a successful singer and pianist, and Baylis's education was grounded in the arts; she began performing and teaching music at an early age. She attended St. Augustine's school, Kilburn. She also took violin lessons with leading professionals, such as John Tiplady Carrodus, who was principal first violin at Covent Garden.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Africa">South Africa</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: South Africa">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 1891, the Baylis family emigrated to South Africa when their performance troupe "The Gypsy Revellers" were offered a long-term contract to tour and perform there. As a teenager Lilian played violin and mandolin in "The Gypsy Revellers". She also taught her mother's music and dance students. She earned a good living and played in many concerts. When Baylis fell ill and had to have an operation on her kidneys, her family became concerned for her heath, especially as the country was in turmoil after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid</a>. Baylis returned to London to recuperate and her aunt <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_Cons" title="Emma Cons">Emma Cons</a> offered her a job at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Royal Victoria Hall and Coffee Tavern</a> (known as "The Old Vic"), which she managed. Having spent most of her adolescent years in South Africa, Baylis left behind her family, many close friends, and a fiance.
</p><p>After arriving in London she met 12-year-old <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Gordon_Holmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Gordon Holmes (page does not exist)">Beatrice Gordon Holmes</a>, who would become a lifelong friend. Baylis had been romantically involved with Holmes' maternal uncle in Johannesburg, and used to quip to Holmes that, "you know, my dear, if I had married your Uncle Jack, you would be my niece!"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Old_Vic">The Old Vic</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Old Vic">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Baylis assisted Emma Cons in running the Old Vic, and gradually took on more management duties running concerts, film shows, lecture programmes and variety shows. Following Cons' death in 1912, Baylis became lessee and obtained a theatre licence for the Royal Victoria Hall to begin staging theatrical performances.
</p><p>Initially Baylis was interested in opera, which she preferred to every other art form. She joined forces with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Corri" title="Charles Corri">Charles Corri</a> to arrange and perform operas at the Old Vic with a small orchestra and limited resources. Plays were introduced to the Old Vic by Rosina Filippi, husband and wife team, Matheson Lang and Hutin Britton, and Sir Philip Ben Greet. The plays of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> were often performed and Baylis claimed that the Old Vic had become the London 'Home of Shakespeare'. In the run up to the 300th anniversary of the publication of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> Baylis produced all of Shakespeare's plays, even the ones she knew would be unlikely to generate many ticket sales. The tradition of doing Shakespeare at the Old Vic continued for many years and performers such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> were willing to work for low wages if they could play the great Shakespearean roles.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
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<h2><span id="Sadler.27s_Wells"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sadler's_Wells">Sadler's Wells</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sadler's Wells">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg/150px-Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg/225px-Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg/300px-Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="453" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Waterloo_the_old_vic_1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Old Vic Theatre from the corner of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baylis_Road" title="Baylis Road">Baylis Road</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In 1925, Baylis began a campaign to re-open the derelict <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Theatre" title="Sadler's Wells Theatre">Sadler's Wells Theatre</a>, something she finally achieved with a gala opening on 6 January 1931 of a production of Shakespeare's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i> starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> as Malvolio and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toby_Belch" class="mw-redirect" title="Toby Belch">Toby Belch</a>. Acquiring Sadler's Wells enabled Baylis to develop her plans for a dance company, something she had wished to do since 1928 when she hired <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ninette_de_Valois" title="Ninette de Valois">Ninette de Valois</a> to improve the standard of dancing in operas and plays at the Old Vic. For several years the opera, drama and ballet companies known as the "Vic-Wells" companies, moved between the Old Vic and Sadler's Wells but by 1935 the ballet company, which now included <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margot_Fonteyn" title="Margot Fonteyn">Margot Fonteyn</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Helpmann" title="Robert Helpmann">Robert Helpmann</a>, with guest appearances from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alicia_Markova" title="Alicia Markova">Alicia Markova</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anton_Dolin" title="Anton Dolin">Anton Dolin</a>, tended to perform at Sadler's Wells. Musical direction was by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constant_Lambert" title="Constant Lambert">Constant Lambert</a>, and choreography for new works by de Valois and rising star <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_Ashton" title="Frederick Ashton">Frederick Ashton</a>. The ballet company's descendants today are the Royal Ballet and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> Royal Ballet. Today the Sadler's Wells Theatre is primarily a dance venue.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Growing_stars">Growing stars</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Growing stars">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The Vic-Wells nurtured the careers of stars such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sybil_Thorndike" title="Sybil Thorndike">Sybil Thorndike</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>, and became famous for stylish productions under the artistic directorship of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyrone_Guthrie" title="Tyrone Guthrie">Tyrone Guthrie</a> during the 1930s. In 1937 Guthrie's production of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i> played at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elsinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsinore">Elsinore</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helsing%C3%B8r" title="Helsingør">Helsingør</a> in Denmark, with Olivier in the title role, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Ophelia</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">Gielgud's</a> first performance as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a> in 1930 became the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Vic_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic Theatre">Old Vic</a> production to be transferred to the West End for a run. Baylis scored a casting coup in 1933 by featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> at the theatre after he had become a worldwide name in the film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Henry_VIII" title="The Private Life of Henry VIII">The Private Life of Henry VIII</a></i>. To exploit the audiences' interest in the film, she cast <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Laughton</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recognition_and_death">Recognition and death</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recognition and death">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Baylis was awarded an honorary master's degree from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> for her work in the theatre in 1924, only the fourth such honour to be given to a woman by the university. In 1929 she was made a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">Companion of Honour</a> (CH) for service to the nation. In 1934 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birmingham_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham University">Birmingham University</a> awarded Baylis an honorary doctorate. A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> commemorates Baylis at her home, 27 Stockwell Park Road in Stockwell, South London.<sup id="cite_ref-EngHet_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EngHet-11">[11]</a></sup> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lilian_Baylis_Technology_School" title="Lilian Baylis Technology School">Lilian Baylis Technology School</a>, Kennington is so named in her honour.
</p><p>After a long illness, Baylis died of a heart attack on 25 November 1937, aged 63 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lambeth" title="Lambeth">Lambeth</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_London" title="South London">South London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> the night before the Old Vic was to open a production of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i> starring Laurence Olivier and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judith_Anderson" title="Judith Anderson">Judith Anderson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> She was cremated at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_London_Cemetery" title="East London Cemetery">East London Cemetery</a> and Crematorium, where her ashes were scattered at her own request. There is a memorial plaque for Lilian Baylis at the Actors' Church, St Paul's, in the heart of Covent Garden.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Influence">Influence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 1985, English National Opera created an education and outreach department, naming it the Baylis Programme called in Lilian Baylis's honour. The Baylis Programme (now called <b>ENO Baylis</b>) was led for ten years by its founder directors Rebecca Meitlis and David Sulkin. Subsequent directors included Steve Moffitt<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> and Alice King-Farlow. In the Lilian Baylis tradition the work of ENO Baylis focusses on those who are new to opera. It involves around 12,000 people every year in a wide range of projects, events, courses and performances, with a goal of developing creative responses to opera and music theatre; making new work with communities and exploring individual creativity as a means of providing access to ENO's productions; and encouraging learning and development through participation of artists and collaboration of resources.
</p><p>The current Sadler's Wells Theatre contains a 200-seat theatre named after her, and the National Theatre has a Lilian Baylis Terrace. The upper circle in the Old Vic is called the Lilian Baylis Circle. A building in West Hampstead used by ENO for rehearsals and production wardrobe is called Lilian Baylis House. In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vauxhall" title="Vauxhall">Vauxhall</a> the Lillian Baylis Secondary School is also named in her honour. There is a Lilian Baylis <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rose</a>, and the Royal Victoria Hall Foundation administers the annual Lilian Baylis Awards for promising acting students. A street alongside Waterloo station is named <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baylis_Road" title="Baylis Road">Baylis Road</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schafer, Elizabeth (2006), "Lilian Baylis: A Biography". University of Hertfordshire Press, Hatfield. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902806-63-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-902806-63-8">1-902806-63-8</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-births-1837-2006?firstname=lilian&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1874&eventyear_offset=0">http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-births-1837-2006?firstname=lilian&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1874&eventyear_offset=0</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFThorndike1938" class="citation book cs1">Thorndike, Sybil and Russel (1938). <i>Lilian Baylis</i>. London: Chapman and Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lilian+Baylis&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Thorndike&rft.aufirst=Sybil+and+Russel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSchafer2006" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Elizabeth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U4Y6Jyc0vSAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=beatrice+gordon+holmes+in+love+with+life&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beatrice%20gordon%20holmes%20in%20love%20with%20life&f=false"><i>Lilian Baylis: A Biography</i></a>. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902806-64-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902806-64-8"><bdi>978-1-902806-64-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lilian+Baylis%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Univ+of+Hertfordshire+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-902806-64-8&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4Y6Jyc0vSAC%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPA36%26dq%3Dbeatrice%2Bgordon%2Bholmes%2Bin%2Blove%2Bwith%2Blife%26hl%3Den%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbeatrice%2520gordon%2520holmes%2520in%2520love%2520with%2520life%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlater, Richard (1975), <i>Lilian Baylis: The Lady of the Old Vic</i>. London: Allen Lane.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton, Cecily and Baylis, Lilian (1926), <i>The Old Vic</i>. London: Cape.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSchafer2006" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Elizabeth (2006). <i>Lilian Baylis: A Biography</i>. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lilian+Baylis%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Hatfield%3A+University+of+Hertfordshire&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFColeman2014" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, Terry (2014). <i>The Old Vic: The Story of a Great Theatre from Kean to Olivier to Spacey</i>. London: Faber & Faber Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+Vic%3A+The+Story+of+a+Great+Theatre+from+Kean+to+Olivier+to+Spacey&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber+Limited&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldvictheatre.com">"The Old Vic"</a>. <i>About Us - The Old Vic</i>. Arts Council England<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Us+-+The+Old+Vic&rft.atitle=The+Old+Vic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldvictheatre.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sadlerswells.com">"Sadler's Wells Theatre - London's Dance House"</a>. <i>Sadlerswells.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sadlerswells.com&rft.atitle=Sadler%27s+Wells+Theatre+-+London%27s+Dance+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sadlerswells.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-EngHet-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EngHet_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/baylis-lilian-1874-1937">"BAYLIS, LILIAN (1874–1937)"</a>. English Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BAYLIS%2C+LILIAN+%281874%E2%80%931937%29&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fdiscover%2Fblue-plaques%2Fsearch%2Fbaylis-lilian-1874-1937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilian+Baylis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-deaths-1837-2007?firstname=lilian%20m&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1937&eventyear_offset=1&yearofbirth=1874&yearofbirth_offset=0">http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-deaths-1837-2007?firstname=lilian%20m&lastname=baylis&eventyear=1937&eventyear_offset=1&yearofbirth=1874&yearofbirth_offset=0</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tanitch, Robert, "Olivier". Abbeville Press</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://25by4.channel4.com/chapter_7/article_7/page_1">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since November 2016">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Baylis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works written by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lilian_Baylis" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Lilian Baylis">Lilian Baylis</a></i></b></td></tr>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1612441554 |