Examine individual changes

'[[File:Miles Davis (Antibes Juan-les-Pins 1963).jpg|thumb|The Second Great Quintet performing at [[Antibes]], c. 1963. <br /> From left: Ron Carter, Davis and Tony Williams.]] The '''Miles Davis Quintet''' was an [[United States|American]] [[jazz band]] from 1955 to early 1969 led by [[Miles Davis]]. The quintet underwent frequent personnel changes toward its metamorphosis into a different ensemble in 1969. Most references pertain to two distinct and relatively stable bands: the '''First Great Quintet''' from 1955 to 1958; and the '''Second Great Quintet''' from late 1964 to early 1969, Davis being the only constant throughout. ==First Great Quintet/Sextet (1955–59)== In the summer of 1955, Davis performed a noted set at the [[Newport Jazz Festival]], and had been approached by [[Columbia Records]] executive [[George Avakian]], offering a contract with the label if he could form a regular band.<ref>[[Richard Cook (journalist)|Richard Cook]]. ''It's About That Time: Miles Davis On and Off Record.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-19-532266-8}}, pp. 44-45.</ref> Davis assembled his first regular quintet to meet a commitment at the [[Café Bohemia]] in July with [[Sonny Rollins]] on [[tenor saxophone]], [[Red Garland]] on [[piano]], [[Paul Chambers]] on [[double bass|bass]], and [[Philly Joe Jones]] on [[drums]].<ref>Cook, p. 45.</ref> By the autumn, Rollins had left to deal with his [[heroin]] addiction, and later in the year joined the [[hard bop]] quintet led by [[Clifford Brown]] and [[Max Roach]].<ref>[[Lewis Porter]]. ''John Coltrane: His Life and Music''. [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]: The University of Michigan Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-472-10161-7}}, p. 98.</ref> At the recommendation of drummer Jones, Davis replaced Rollins with [[John Coltrane]], beginning a partnership that would last five years and finalizing the Quintet's first line-up.<ref>Cook, p. 46.</ref> Expanded to a sextet with the addition of [[Cannonball Adderley]] on [[alto saxophone]] in 1958, the First Great Quintet was one of the definitive hard bop groups along with the Brown-Roach Quintet and the [[Jazz Messengers]], recording the Columbia albums ''[[Round About Midnight]]'', ''[[Milestones (Miles Davis album)|Milestones]]'', and the marathon [[recording session|sessions]] for [[Prestige Records]] resulting in four albums collected on ''[[The Legendary Prestige Quintet Sessions]]''. In mid-1958, [[Bill Evans]] replaced Garland on piano and [[Jimmy Cobb]] replaced Jones on drums, but Evans only lasted about six months, in turn replaced by [[Wynton Kelly]] as 1958 turned into 1959.<ref>Cook, pp. 93-95, 110.</ref> This group backing Davis, Coltrane, and Adderley, with Evans returning for the recording sessions, recorded ''[[Kind of Blue]]'', considered "one of the most important, influential and popular albums in jazz".<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/miles-davis-kind-of-blue-20120524 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time"] ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved 2 June 2013.</ref> Adderley left the band in September 1959 to pursue his own career, returning the line-up to a quintet.<ref>Cook, p. 123.</ref> Coltrane departed in the spring of 1960, and after interim replacements [[Jimmy Heath]] and [[Sonny Stitt]], Davis plus Kelly, Chambers, and Cobb continued through 1961 and 1962 with [[Hank Mobley]] on tenor sax.<ref>Cook, pp. 128-30.</ref> The two rhythm sections from the Davis Quintet also achieved fame on their own. Garland, Chambers, and Jones recorded as a unit on ''[[Art Pepper meets The Rhythm Section]]'' and Sonny Rollins' ''[[Tenor Madness]]'', while Kelly, Chambers, and Cobb toured and recorded as a trio under Kelly's name, in addition to appearing on the albums ''[[Coltrane Jazz]]'' and the [[Introducing Wayne Shorter|solo debut of Wayne Shorter]], as well as backing [[Wes Montgomery]] on ''[[Full House (Wes Montgomery album)|Full House]]'' and ''[[Smokin' at the Half Note]]''. The Kelly-Chambers-Cobb trio also backed [[Art Pepper]] on the album ''[[Gettin' Together (Art Pepper album)|Gettin' Together]]'', which included trumpeter [[Conte Candoli]]. ==Second Great Quintet (1964–68) == Mobley, Kelly, Chambers, and Cobb all left Davis by the end of 1962, and during 1963 he struggled to maintain a steady line-up. By the late spring, he had hired the core of the Second Quintet with [[Herbie Hancock]] on piano, [[Ron Carter]] on bass, and [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams]] on drums.<ref>Cook, pp. 145-149.</ref> Initially with [[George Coleman]] or [[Sam Rivers]] on tenor sax, the final piece of the puzzle would arrive in late 1964 with saxophonist [[Wayne Shorter]]. The performance style of the Second Great Quintet was often referred to by Davis as "time, no changes", incorporating elements of [[free jazz]] without completely surrendering to the approach. This allowed the five musicians to simultaneously contribute to the group as equals at times, rather than to always follow the established pattern of having the group leader and then the backing musicians perform unrelated solos.<ref>Cook, p. 168.</ref> This band recorded the albums ''[[E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)|E.S.P.]]'', ''[[Miles Smiles]]'', ''[[Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)|Sorcerer]]'', ''[[Nefertiti (Miles Davis album)|Nefertiti]]'', ''[[Miles in the Sky]]'', and ''[[Filles de Kilimanjaro]]'', and the live set considered by ''[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz]]'' to be their crowning achievement, ''[[The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965]]''. When Davis began to become more interested in the [[rock music|rock]], [[soul music|soul]], and [[funk]] music of the late 1960s, the Second Quintet unraveled. Carter departed during the sessions for ''Filles de Kilimanjaro'', and Williams left in early 1969 to start his own band, the [[Tony Williams Lifetime]], staying on with Davis to record the groundbreaking ''[[In a Silent Way]]''.<ref>Cook, p. 197, 203.</ref> Davis would continue his innovations into [[jazz fusion]] with the album ''[[Bitches Brew]]'' and his work in the 1970s. As a result, the Second Quintet came to an end, though Hancock would contribute to subsequent sessions with Miles and appear on ''[[Jack Johnson (album)|Jack Johnson]]'', ''[[On the Corner]]'', and ''[[Get Up with It]]''. Players on ''In A Silent Way'' and ''Bitches Brew'' would go on to form the core jazz fusion bands of the 1970s away from Davis: Shorter and [[Josef Zawinul]] to [[Weather Report]]; [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] and [[Billy Cobham]] to the [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]]; Hancock and [[Bennie Maupin]] to [[The Headhunters|Headhunters]]; and [[Chick Corea]] and [[Lenny White]] to [[Return to Forever]]. Columbia/Legacy Recordings released [[Miles Davis Quintet: Freedom Jazz Dance: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 5|Freedom Jazz Dance: The Bootleg Series Vol. 5]], a collection of previously unreleased tracks recorded by the Second Great Quintet between 1966 and 1968.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.milesdavis.com/news/miles-davis-quintet-freedom-jazz-dance-the-bootleg-series-vol-5-to-be-released-october-21/|title=Miles Davis Quintet - Freedom Jazz Dance: The Bootleg Series Vol. 5 To Be Released October 21 {{!}} Miles Davis|date=2016-08-18|work=Miles Davis|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Personnel== ===First Great Quintet (1955-58)=== * [[Miles Davis]] — [[trumpet]] * [[John Coltrane]] — [[tenor saxophone]] * [[Red Garland]] — [[piano]] * [[Paul Chambers]] — [[double bass|bass]] * [[Philly Joe Jones]] — [[drum kit|drums]] :''increased to Sextet in 1958 with'' [[Cannonball Adderley]] — [[alto saxophone]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Miles Davis}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davis Quintet, Miles}} [[Category:Cool jazz ensembles]] [[Category:Bebop ensembles]] [[Category:Miles Davis]] [[Category:John Coltrane]] [[Category:American jazz ensembles]] [[Category:Hard bop ensembles]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1955]] [[Category:1955 establishments in New York (state)]]'