Examine individual changes

'{{about||the American politician|Marion Fuller Brown|the New Zealand nurse|Marion Brown (nurse)}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Marion Brown | image = Marion Brown.jpg | alt = | caption = | image_size = | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|9|8}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|10|18|1931|9|8}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]], United States | death_place = [[Hollywood, Florida]] | instrument = Alto saxophone | genre = [[Avant-garde]], [[jazz]] | occupation = Musician, ethnomusicologist | years_active = 1962–1990 }} '''Marion Brown''' (September 8, 1931<ref name="bakers">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Porter |first=Lewis |editor-last=Kuhn |editor-first=Laura |title=Brown, Marion (Jr.) |encyclopedia=[[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]] |date=2001 |publisher=[[G. Schirmer, Inc.]] |volume=1 |location=New York |pages=470}}</ref> – October 18, 2010<ref name="bgobit">{{cite news |url=http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2010/10/26/marion_brown_notable_free_jazz_saxophonist/|title=Marion Brown, notable free jazz saxophonist |last=Keepnews |first=Peter |date=October 26, 2010 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>) was an American [[jazz]] alto saxophonist, composer, writer, visual artist, and [[ethnomusicology|ethnomusicologist]]. He is best known as a member of the 1960s [[avant-garde]] [[jazz]] scene in New York City, playing alongside musicians such as [[John Coltrane]], [[Archie Shepp]], and [[John Tchicai]]. He performed on Coltrane's landmark 1965 album ''[[Ascension (John Coltrane album)|Ascension]]''. [[Allmusic]] reviewer [[Scott Yanow]] called him "one of the brightest and most lyrical voices of the 1960s avant-garde."<ref>{{cite book | editor-first1=Michael |editor-last1=Erlewine | editor-first2=Vladimir |editor-last2=Bogdanov |editor-first3=Chris |editor-last3=Woodstra |editor-first4=Scott |editor-last4=Yanow |title=All Music Guide to Jazz |edition=2nd |publisher=Miller Freeman | year=1996|page=104}}</ref> ==Biography== Brown, the grandson of an escaped slave from Georgia's Sea Islands,<ref name="allaboutjazz">{{cite web |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/marion-brown-marion-brown-by-aaj-staff.php |title=Marion Brown |date=February 10, 2008 |website=allaboutjazz.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Weiss | first = Jason | title = Always in Trouble: An Oral History of ESP-Disk, the Most Outrageous Record Label in America | publisher =Wesleyan University Press | year =2012 | pages=147 |quote=My grandfather was a conjurer. He knew about roots and all kinds of medicines, and he never went to school for it. He found everything all on his own. He was a genius.}}</ref> was born in [[Atlanta]] in 1931<ref name="bakers" /> and was raised by a single mother.<ref name="fireside">{{cite web |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/a-fireside-chat-with-marion-brown-marion-brown-by-aaj-staff.php |title=A Fireside Chat with Marion Brown |date=April 11, 2003 |website=allaboutjazz.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> He began studying the saxophone at an early age, inspired by [[Charlie Parker]].<ref name="fireside" /> He left high school in the 10th grade and joined the army.<ref name="jazztimes">{{cite web |url=https://jazztimes.com/features/tributes-and-obituaries/jazz-saxophonist-marion-brown-dies |title=Jazz Saxophonist Marion Brown Dies |last=Mergner |first=Lee |date=April 26, 2019 |website=jazztimes.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> During his three-year enlistment, he played alto saxophone, clarinet, and baritone saxophone, and was stationed in [[Hokkaido]] for some time.<ref name="jazztimes" /> In 1956, he returned to Atlanta and enrolled at [[Clark College]], where he studied music,<ref name="jazztimes" /> taking lessons from [[Wayman Carver]].<ref name="allaboutjazz" /> After graduating, he moved to Washington, DC, where he enrolled at [[Howard University]]'s law school.<ref name="allaboutjazz" /> During this time, he began listening to musicians such as [[John Coltrane]], [[Ornette Coleman]], and [[Archie Shepp]], all of whom he would soon meet and come to know.<ref name="jazztimes" /> In 1962, Brown left Howard and moved to [[New York City]], where he befriended a number of musicians, as well as writers such as [[Amiri Baraka]] (then known as LeRoi Jones), who was also a Howard drop-out,<ref name="anderson99">{{cite book | last = Anderson | first = Iain | title = This Is Our Music:Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture | publisher =University of Pennsylvania Press | year =2007 | pages=99 }}</ref> and [[A. B. Spellman]], a Howard graduate. According to Brown, "The writers who listened to me and liked my playing, they inspired me to be better, and I inspired them to keep listening. LeRoi Jones opened the door for me; he introduced me to the world. He was a very beautiful and very smart person."<ref name="trouble145">{{cite book | last = Weiss | first = Jason | title = Always in Trouble: An Oral History of ESP-Disk, the Most Outrageous Record Label in America | publisher =Wesleyan University Press | year =2012 | pages=145 }}</ref> He also met [[Ornette Coleman]] and [[Archie Shepp]], and introduced Shepp to Baraka.<ref name="anderson99" /> Brown recalled that Shepp "offered me the opportunity to play with him. But I didn't have a saxophone, so Ornette Coleman let me use his white plastic saxophone to get started."<ref name="fireside" /> According to writer Aldon Lynn Nielsen, Brown's "conversations with Baraka and Shepp aided them in their thinking through of the relationships between the American jazz avant-garde and African musical traditions."<ref>{{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Aldon Lynn |editor-last1=Hebl |editor-first1=Ajay |editor-last2=Wallace |editor-first2=Rob |title=People Get Ready: The Future of Jazz Is Now! |publisher=Duke University Press |date=2013 |pages=37 |chapter='Now Is the Time': Voicing against the Grain of Orality }}</ref> Brown later played a minor acting role in the original production of Baraka's ''[[Dutchman (play)|Dutchman]]''.<ref name="anderson99" /> In 1964, Brown performed with Shepp and [[Bill Dixon]] in ''Four Days in December'', a series sponsored by the [[Jazz Composer's Orchestra|Jazz Composers Guild]].<ref name="trouble145"/> The following year, he participated in the recording of Shepp's ''[[Fire Music (Archie Shepp album)|Fire Music]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Archie-Shepp-Fire-Music/release/373546 |title=Archie Shepp – Fire Music |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> as well as [[John Coltrane]]'s ''[[Ascension (John Coltrane album)|Ascension]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/John-Coltrane-Ascension-Edition-I/release/532432 |title=John Coltrane – Ascension |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> According to Brown, he was introduced to Coltrane by Shepp: "Archie told him about my music and he started to listen to it and he liked it. And then, several times, he would come to hear me play and he liked that. So when he decided to do ''Ascension'', I fit the picture of somebody that he wanted in it."<ref name="fireside" /> Regarding the music on ''Ascension'', Brown stated: "You could use this record to heat up your apartment on a cold morning."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jazzviews.net/john-coltrane---ascension-an-appreciation-by-chris-baber.html |title=John Coltrane – Ascension: An Appreciation |website=jazzviews.net |last=Baber |first=Chris |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> Regarding the recording session, he recalled: "We did two takes, and they both had that kind of thing in them that makes people scream. The people who were in the studio were screaming. I don't know how the engineers kept the screams out of the record. Spontaneity was the thing. Trane had obviously thought a lot about what he wanted to do, but he wrote most of it out in the studio. Then he told everybody what he wanted: he played this line and he said that everybody would play that line in the ensembles. Then he said he wanted crescendi until we were together, and then we got into it."<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=The Major Works of John Coltrane |others=[[John Coltrane]] |type=liner notes |year=1992 |url=http://aln2.albumlinernotes.com/Coltrane_The_Major_Works.html |publisher=GRP Records}}</ref> During the mid-1960s, Brown began recording under his own name (''Marion Brown Quartet'', recorded in 1965 and released on ESP in 1966;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Quartet-Marion-Brown-Quartet/release/375776 |title= Marion Brown Quartet – Marion Brown Quartet |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> ''Juba-Lee'', recorded in 1966 and released on Fontana in 1967;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Septet-Juba-Lee/release/575714 |title= Marion Brown Septet – Juba-Lee |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> ''Why Not'', recorded in 1966 and released on ESP in 1968;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Quartet-Why-Not/release/576933 |title= Marion Brown Quartet – Why Not |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> and ''[[Three for Shepp]]'', recorded and released in 1966 on [[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Three-For-Shepp/release/576902 |title= Marion Brown – Three For Shepp |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>). (Coltrane had used his influence at [[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]] to help Brown secure his own recording date with that label.<ref>{{cite book |last=Giddins |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Giddins |date=1998 |title=Visions of Jazz: The First Century |pages=486 |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>) Brown also performed with [[Sun Ra]]<ref name="allaboutjazz" /> and [[Pharoah Sanders]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Leroi |author-link=Leroi Jones |date=1968 |title=Black Music |location=New York |publisher=Da Capo Press |page=121 }}</ref> and recorded with [[Burton Greene]] on the album ''Burton Greene Quartet''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Burton-Greene-Quartet-Burton-Greene-Quartet/release/496453 |title= Burton Greene Quartet – Burton Greene Quartet |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> In 1967, Brown moved to Europe, where he continued performing and recording, and where he developed an interest in architecture, [[Impressionism|Impressionistic]] art, [[African music]] and the music of [[Erik Satie]]. He was an American Fellow in Music Composition and Performance at the [[Cité internationale des arts]] in Paris.<ref name="Recollections">{{cite book | last = Brown | first = Marion | title =Marion Brown: Recollections | publisher =J. A. Schmidt | year =1984 }}</ref> On a show on French television, he played a version of Sound Structure with drummer [[Eddy Gaumont]].<ref>Marion Brown video live French TV 1967 (avant-garde jazz) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f438q9KWxRY</ref> Late that year, while in Holland, he recorded ''Porto Novo'' with [[Han Bennink]] and [[Maarten Altena]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Porto-Novo/release/576276 |title= Marion Brown – Porto Novo |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> While in Europe, Brown met and befriended [[Gunter Hampel]], and in 1968 they recorded the soundtrack for [[Marcel Camus]]' film ''Le temps fou'', with a band featuring [[Steve McCall (drummer)|Steve McCall]], [[Barre Phillips]], and Ambrose Jackson.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/temps-fou-film-de-camus-marcel/oclc/658888147 |title=LE TEMPS FOU : Film de CAMUS (Marcel) |website=worldcat.org |isbn=9783923396030 |oclc=658888147 |access-date=July 17, 2020|last1=Brown |first1=Marion |year=1984 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Le-Temps-Fou/release/2914053 |title= Marion Brown – Le Temps Fou |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> Brown and Hampel went on to record two more albums, ''Gesprächsfetzen'' (recorded in 1968)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Gunter-Hampel-Gespr%C3%A4chsfetzen/release/575705 |title= Marion Brown / Gunter Hampel – Gesprächsfetzen |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> and ''Marion Brown In Sommerhausen'', recorded in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Marion-Brown-In-Sommerhausen/release/370988 |title=Marion Brown – Marion Brown In Sommerhausen |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> While in Europe, Brown also performed in duos with [[Wadada Leo Smith|Leo Smith]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paristransatlantic.com/magazine/monthly2007/07jul_text.html#5 |title=REISSUE THIS! Marion Brown |last=Allen |first=Clifford |date=Summer 2007 |website=paristransatlantic.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> recording ''Creative Improvisation Ensemble''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Leo-Smith-Creative-Improvisation-Ensemble/release/2479528 |title= Marion Brown / Leo Smith – Creative Improvisation Ensemble |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> In 1970, Brown returned to the United States, settling in [[Connecticut]], where he at first worked in elementary schools, "teaching children how to make instruments and create their own music,"<ref name="fireside" /> and where he continued his musical partnership with [[Wadada Leo Smith|Leo Smith]].<ref name="bakers" /> He composed and performed [[incidental music]] for a [[Georg Büchner]] play, ''Woyzeck''.<ref name="Recollections"/> From 1971 to 1976, he worked in a variety of teaching positions at [[Bowdoin College]], [[Brandeis University]], [[Colby College]], and [[Amherst College]],<ref name="jazztimes" /><ref name="Recollections"/> and in 1976 he earned a Masters degree in [[ethnomusicology]] from [[Wesleyan University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cc-seas.columbia.edu/wkcr/story/marion-brown-memorial-broadcast |title=Marion Brown Memorial Broadcast |website=columbia.edu |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> His master's thesis was entitled "Faces and Places: The Music and Travels of a Contemporary Jazz Musician".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/faces-and-places-the-music-and-travels-of-a-contemporary-jazz-musician/oclc/19012484 |title=Marion Brown: Faces and places : the music and travels of a contemporary jazz musician |website=worldcat.org |oclc=19012484 |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> During this time, he also studied South Indian flute with P. Vishwanathan.<ref name="feather">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Feather |first1=Leonard |last2=Gitler |first2=Ira |title=Brown, Marion Jr. |encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz |date=1999 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |pages=85}}</ref> In the early 1970s, Brown also recorded a trilogy of albums influenced by poet [[Jean Toomer]], reflecting on his southern upbringing, in which "images of the Georgia countryside, many of them drawn from Toomer's poetry, and improvisational techniques of African, AfroAmerican, and European provenance enrich and revivify one another:"<ref name="palmer">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/11/archives/a-jazz-saxophonist-reexamines-his-southern-roots.html |title=A Jazz Saxophonist Re-examines His Southern Roots |last=Palmer |first=Robert |date=August 11, 1974 |website=nytimes.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[Afternoon of a Georgia Faun]]'' (1970, [[ECM Records|ECM]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Afternoon-Of-A-Georgia-Faun/release/4078421 |title= Marion Brown – Afternoon Of A Georgia Faun |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> which featured [[Anthony Braxton]], [[Bennie Maupin]], [[Jeanne Lee]], [[Chick Corea]], and [[Andrew Cyrille]] among others; ''[[Geechee Recollections]]'' (1973, [[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Geechee-Recollections/release/518517 |title= Marion Brown – Geechee Recollections |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> which featured [[Wadada Leo Smith|Leo Smith]] and [[Steve McCall (drummer)|Steve McCall]] among others; and ''[[Sweet Earth Flying]]'' (1974, [[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]], named after a line in a Toomer poem<ref>{{cite web |last=Toomer |first=Jean |title=Storm Ending |url=https://powerpoetry.org/content/storm-ending |website=powerpoetry.org |access-date=July 17, 2020 }}</ref>),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Sweet-Earth-Flying/release/517791 |title= Marion Brown – Sweet Earth Flying |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> which featured [[Muhal Richard Abrams]] and [[Steve McCall (drummer)|Steve McCall]] among others. Reviewer [[Robert Palmer (writer)|Robert Palmer]] wrote: "The trilogy as a whole is an exemplary demonstration of how... a thoughtful artist can explore a 'subject' through a variety of techniques, processes, and formal disciplines. The shifting of perspective and approach from work to work is reminiscent of Durrell's ''Alexandria Quartet'' and indeed Brown's examination of the emotional, intellectual, and aesthetic ramifications of his origins is the sort of thing one finds frequently in literature and rarely in improvisional music.<ref name="palmer" /> During the 1970s, Brown also recorded with [[Archie Shepp]] (''[[Attica Blues (album)|Attica Blues]]'', 1972<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Archie-Shepp-Attica-Blues/master/43630 |title= Archie Shepp – Attica Blues |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> and ''Attica Blues Big Band Live At The Palais Des Glaces'', 1979<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Archie-Shepp-Attica-Blues-Big-Band-Live-At-The-Palais-Des-Glaces/release/3734929 |title=Archie Shepp – Attica Blues Big Band Live At The Palais Des Glaces |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>), [[Wadada Leo Smith|Leo Smith]] (''Duets'', 1973<ref name="duets">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Duets/release/9648814 |title= Marion Brown – Duets |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>), [[Elliott Schwartz]] (''Duets'' and ''Soundways'', both 1973<ref name="duets" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Marion-Brown-Elliott-Schwartz-Soundways/release/8191128 |title= Marion Brown, Elliott Schwartz – Soundways |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>), [[Stanley Cowell]] (''[[Regeneration (Stanley Cowell album)|Regeneration]]'', 1975<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Stanley-Cowell-Regeneration/release/1360248 |title=Stanley Cowell – Regeneration |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>), [[Harold Budd]] (''[[The Pavilion of Dreams]]'', 1976<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Harold-Budd-The-Pavilion-Of-Dreams/release/1099443 |title= Harold Budd – The Pavilion Of Dreams |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>), and [[Grachan Moncur III]] (''Shadows'', 1977<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Grachan-Moncur-III-Shadows/release/2782987 |title= Grachan Moncur III – Shadows |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>). He also released ten albums under his own name. In 1972 and 1976, Brown received grants from the [[National Endowment for the Arts]], which he used to compose and publish several pieces for solo piano, one of which was based on poetry from [[Jean Toomer]]'s book ''Cane''. He also transcribed some piano and organ music by [[Erik Satie]] including his ''[[Messe des pauvres]]'' and ''Pages mysterieuses'', and arranged the composer's ''[[Le Fils des étoiles]]'' for two guitars and violin.<ref name="Recollections"/> In the 1980s, Brown continued recording, and also began focusing on drawing and painting, exhibiting his artwork at a number of shows.<ref name="jazztimes" /> His charcoal portrait of blues guitarist [[Blind Lemon Jefferson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://discog.piezoelektric.org/marionbrown/paintings.html |title=Georgia Recollections: The Marion Brown Discography: Paintings and Drawings |website=piezoelektric.org |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> was included in an art show called ''Jus' Jass'' at Kenkeleba Gallery in New York City, which also included works by artists such as [[Romare Bearden]], [[Charles Searles]] and [[Joe Overstreet]].<ref name=Recollections/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://discog.piezoelektric.org/marionbrown/exhibitions.html |title=Georgia Recollections: The Marion Brown Discography: Exhibitions with Marion Brown's Art |website=piezoelektric.org |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.courant.com/hc-xpm-2010-12-05-hc-exlife-marion-brown-1205-20101205-story.html |title=Jazz Saxophonist Marion Brown Let His Music Speak For Him |last=McNally |first=Owen |date=December 5, 2010 |website=courant.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> In 1984, he published an autobiography titled "Recollections".<ref name="Recollections" /> In the 1990s, he occasionally performed and read his poetry at Studio 5C in New York.<ref name="bakers" /> By the late 1990s, Brown had fallen ill; due to a series of surgeries and a partial leg amputation, Brown resided for a time in the Bethany Methodist Home, Brooklyn.<ref name="bakers" /> He spent his final years in an assisted living facility in [[Hollywood, Florida]], where he died in 2010, aged 79.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/nyregion/24brown.html |title=Marion Brown, Free-Jazz Saxophonist, Dies at 79 |website=nytimes.com |last=Keepnews |first=Peter |date=October 23, 2010 |access-date=2016-01-23}}</ref> In September 2010, [[Deval Patrick]], then governor of [[Massachusetts]], issued a proclamation naming September 15 "Marion Brown Day."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reney |first1=Tom |title=Governor Patrick's Proclamation: Marion Brown Day |url=https://digital.nepr.net/music/2012/09/14/governor-patricks-proclamation-marion-brown-day/ |website=nepr.net |access-date=July 17, 2020 |date=September 14, 2012}}</ref> On June 25, 2019, ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'' listed Marion Brown among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the [[2008 Universal fire]].<ref name="Rosen2">{{cite web |last1=Rosen |first1=Jody |title=Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/magazine/universal-music-fire-bands-list-umg.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=June 28, 2019 |date=June 25, 2019}}</ref> ==Influence== Pianist [[Amina Claudine Myers]]' debut album ''[[Poems for Piano: The Piano Music of Marion Brown]]'' (Sweet Earth, 1979) featured Brown's compositions predominantly.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/poems-for-piano-the-piano-music-of-marion-brown-mw0000870119 |title=Amina Claudine Myers: Poems for Piano: The Piano Music of Marion Brown |last=Olewnick |first=Brian |website=allmusic.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> Aside from his influence in the jazz avant-garde, several other areas of music have taken interest in Brown's music. Indie rockers [[Superchunk]] included a song called "Song for Marion Brown" on their album ''[[Indoor Living]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Superchunk-Indoor-Living/release/2410348 |title=Superchunk – Indoor Living |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> and [[Savath and Savalas]] released a piece entitled "Two Blues for Marion Brown" as part of [[Hefty Records]]'s Immediate Action series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Savath-Savalas-Immediate-Action-1/release/39179 |title=Savath & Savalas – Immediate Action #1 |website=discogs.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> [[His Name Is Alive]] performed a tribute concert in 2004, performing solely Brown's music. In 2007, High Two released portions of the concert with studio versions as ''[[Sweet Earth Flower|Sweet Earth Flower: A Tribute to Marion Brown]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sweet-earth-flower-a-tribute-to-marion-brown-mw0000488909 |title=His Name Is Alive: Sweet Earth Flower: A Tribute to Marion Brown |last=Jurek |first=Thom |website=allmusic.com |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> ==Thoughts on Music== "It is wrong to say that free jazz does not swing. It swings to a high number of beats. It is polyrhythmic. But it is hard for people listening to it to realize that... Free jazz is closer to African beats than bop or swing were; African rhythm is very complex."<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Carles | first1 = Philippe | last2 = Comolli |first2 = Jean-Louis |title =Free Jazz / Black Power | publisher =University Press of Mississippi | year =2015 | pages=158 }}</ref> "My reference is the blues, and that's where my music comes from. I do listen to music of other cultures, but I just find them interesting. I don't have to borrow from them. My music and my past are rich enough. B.B. King is my Ravi Shankar".<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Porto Novo |others=Marion Brown |type=liner notes |year=1975 |publisher=Arista |id=AL 1001}}</ref> ==Discography== ===As leader=== * 1966: ''[[Three for Shepp]]'' ([[Impulse! Records|Impulse!]]) * 1966: ''Juba Lee'' ([[Fontana Records|Fontana]]) * 1966: ''Why Not?'' ([[ESP-Disk]]) * 1967: ''Marion Brown Quartet'' (ESP/Fontana) * 1967: ''Porto Novo'' ([[Arista Records|Arista]]) * 1968: ''Gesprächsfetzen'' with [[Gunter Hampel]] (Calig) * 1969: ''Le Temps Fou'' with [[Gunter Hampel]], Ambrose Jackson, [[Steve McCall (drummer)|Steve McCall]], and [[Barre Phillips]] (Polydor) * 1969: ''In Sommerhausen'' with Gunter Hampel and [[Jeanne Lee]] * 1970: ''Creative Improvisation Ensemble'' with [[Wadada Leo Smith|Leo Smith]] (Freedom) * 1970: ''[[Afternoon of a Georgia Faun]]'' ([[ECM Records|ECM]]) * 1973: ''Duets'' with [[Wadada Leo Smith|Leo Smith]] and [[Elliott Schwartz]] ([[Freedom Records|Freedom]]) * 1973: ''Soundways'' with [[Elliott Schwartz]] (Bowdoin College Music Press) * 1973: ''[[Geechee Recollections]]'' (Impulse!) * 1974: ''[[Sweet Earth Flying]]'' (Impulse!) * 1975: ''[[Vista (album)|Vista]]'' (Impulse!) * 1976: ''Awofofora'' (Discomate) * 1977: ''La Placita / Live in Willisau'' ([[Timeless Muse]]) * 1977: ''Solo Saxophone'' (Sweet Earth) * 1977: ''Zenzile Featuring Marion Brown'' ([[Baystate]]) * 1977: ''Wildflowers 2 (The New York Loft Jazz Sessions)'' (Douglas / Casablanca); Brown appears on one track; reissued in 1999 by Knit Classics on ''[[Wildflowers: The New York Loft Jazz Sessions]] - Complete'' * 1978: ''Reeds 'n Vibes'' with [[Gunter Hampel]] ([[Improvising Artists]]) * 1978: ''Passion Flower'' (Baystate) * 1979: ''November Cotton Flower'' (Baystate) * 1979: ''Soul Eyes'' (Baystate) * 1979: ''79118 Live'' (DIW) * 1980: ''Back to Paris'' ([[Freelance Records|Freelance]]) * 1983: ''Gemini'' (Birth) * 1985: ''Recollections'' (Creative Works) * 1985: ''Songs of Love and Regret'' with [[Mal Waldron]] (Freelance) * 1988: ''Much More'' with [[Mal Waldron]] (Freelance) * 1990: ''Native Land'' (ITM) * 1993: ''Offering'' (Venus) * 2000: ''Echoes Of Blue'' (Double Moon) * 2018: ''Live At The Black Musicians' Conference, 1981'' with [[Dave Burrell]] (NoBusiness) ===As sideman=== '''With [[Harold Budd]]''' * ''[[The Pavilion of Dreams]]'' ([[Editions EG]], 1976) * ''[[Luxa (album)|Luxa]]'' (All Saints, 1996) '''With [[John Coltrane]]''' * ''[[Ascension (John Coltrane album)|Ascension]]'' (Impulse!, 1965) '''With [[Stanley Cowell]]''' * ''[[Regeneration (Stanley Cowell album)|Regeneration]]'' ([[Strata-East Records|Strata-East]], 1976) '''With the [[Gunter Hampel]] All Stars''' * ''Jubilation '' (Birth, 1983) '''With [[Grachan Moncur III]] * ''Shadows'' (Denon, 1977) '''With [[Archie Shepp]]''' * ''[[Fire Music (Archie Shepp album)|Fire Music]]'' (Impulse!, 1965) * ''[[Attica Blues (album)|Attica Blues]]'' (Impulse!, 1972) * ''Attica Blues Big Band Live at the Palais des Glaces'' (Blue Marge, 1993) ==Filmography== * ''You See What I'm Trying To Say?'' (Henry English, 1967) * ''See The Music (Inside The Creative Improvisation Ensemble)'' (Theodor Kotulla, 1971) * ''Jazz Is Our Religion'' (John Jeremy, 1972) * ''[http://insideoutintheopen.net/ Inside Out In The Open]'' (Alan Roth, 2001) * ''Meditations on Revolution V: Foreign City'' (Robert Fenz, 2003) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.jazzhistorydatabase.com/collections/wcuw_festivals/1980.html Audio Recordings of WCUW Jazz Festivals - Jazz History Database] * [http://discog.piezoelektric.org/marionbrown/ Marion Brown Discography] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Marion}} [[Category:1931 births]] [[Category:2010 deaths]] [[Category:Musicians from Atlanta]] [[Category:Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Avant-garde jazz musicians]] [[Category:American jazz alto saxophonists]] [[Category:American male saxophonists]] [[Category:American musicologists]] [[Category:Howard University alumni]] [[Category:Wesleyan University alumni]] [[Category:Brandeis University faculty]] [[Category:Bowdoin College faculty]] [[Category:Colby College faculty]] [[Category:Amherst College faculty]] [[Category:Freedom Records artists]] [[Category:ESP-Disk artists]] [[Category:Timeless Records artists]] [[Category:Impulse! Records artists]] [[Category:DIW Records artists]] [[Category:ECM Records artists]] [[Category:Disease-related deaths in Florida]] [[Category:American male jazz musicians]] [[Category:Improvising Artists Records artists]]'