Examine individual changes

'{{Multiple issues| {{more footnotes|date=September 2013}} {{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=February 2020}}}} {{Infobox legislature | name = National Congress of Chile | native_name = Congreso Nacional de Chile | transcription_name = | legislature = | coa_pic = Coat of arms of Chile.svg | coa_res = | coa_alt = | logo_pic = | logo_res = | logo_alt = | house_type = Bicameral | body = | houses = [[Senate of Chile|Senate]]<br>[[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] | leader1_type = President of the Senate | leader1 = [[Adriana Muñoz (politician)|Adriana Muñoz D'Albora]] | party1 = | election1 = | leader2_type = [[List of Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile|President of the Chamber]] | leader2 = [[Diego Paulsen]] | party2 = | election2 = | seats = | house1 = | house2 = | structure1 = Senado de Chile elección 2017.svg | structure1_res = 250px | structure2 = Cámara_de_Diputados_de_Chile_elección_2017.svg | structure2_res = 250px | political_groups1 = '''Government''' * ''[[Chile Vamos]] (19)'' ** {{color box|navy|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democrat Union|UDI]] (9) ** {{color box|#135BB8|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (8) ** {{color box|deepskyblue|border=darkgray}} [[Political Evolution|EVOPOLI]] (1) ** {{color box|#C0C0C0|border=darkgray}} Ind. CV (1) '''Opposition''' * ''[[Progressive Convergence]] (15)'' ** {{color box|red|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (7) ** {{color box|orange|border=darkgray}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (7) ** {{color box|{{Social Democratic Radical Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Social Democrat Radical Party|PR]] (1) * ''[[Broad Front (Chile)|Broad Front]] (1)'' ** {{color box|#1D4C4F|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Revolution|RD]] (1) * ''Unity for Change (1)'' ** {{color box|purple|border=darkgray}} [[Progressive Party (Chile)|PRO]] (1) '''Others''' * {{color box|dodgerblue|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (6) * {{color box|#C0C0C0|border=darkgray}} Independent (1) | political_groups2 ='''Government''' * ''[[Chile Vamos]] (72)'' ** {{color box|{{Independent Democratic Union/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]] (30) ** {{color box|{{National Renewal (Chile)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (36) ** {{color box|deepskyblue|border=darkgray}} [[Political Evolution|EVÓPOLI]] (6)<br> '''Opposition''' * ''[[Progressive Convergence]] (29)'' ** {{color box|{{Socialist Party of Chile/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (18) ** {{color box|{{Party for Democracy (Chile)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (7) ** {{color box|{{Social Democratic Radical Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Social Democrat Radical Party|PRSD]] (4) * ''[[Broad Front (Chile)|Broad Front]] (15)'' ** {{color box|#1D4C4F|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Revolution|RD]] (7) ** {{color box|#000000|border=darkgray}} [[Social Convergence]] (4) ** {{color box|#412560|border=darkgray}} Commons (2) * ''Unity for Change (12)'' ** {{color box|{{Communist Party of Chile/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PC]] (9) ** {{color box|#008000|border=darkgray}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (3) '''Others''' * {{color box|{{Christian Democratic Party (Chile)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (13) * {{color box|#FF4500|border=darkgray}} [[Humanist Party (Chile)|PH]] (2) * {{color box|#FFD700|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Chile, 2007–)|PL]] (2) * {{color box|#03BF00|border=darkgray}} [[Green Ecologist Party (Chile)|PEV]] (1) * {{color box|silver}} [[Independent (politics)|Independent]] (17) | committees1 = | committees2 = | joint_committees = | voting_system1 = [[Open list]] [[proportional representation]] | voting_system2 = | last_election1 = | last_election2 = | session_room = Congreso Nacional de Chile.jpg | session_res = 250px | meeting_place = Edificio del Congreso Nacional<br/>[[Valparaíso]]<br>[[Chile]] | website = [http://www.diputados.cl/ Cámara de Diputados {{in lang|es}}]<br>[http://www.senado.cl/ Senado {{in lang|es}}] | footnotes = | motto = }} The '''National Congress of Chile'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cabrera-Tapia|first=Roberto|date=4th March 2021|title=The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System.|url=https://psaparliaments.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Chile.pdf|url-status=live|website=PSA Parliaments specialist group}}</ref> ({{lang-es|Congreso Nacional de Chile}}) is the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of the government of the [[Chile|Republic of Chile]]. The National Congress of Chile<ref></ref> was founded on July 4, 1811. It is a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] legislature composed of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] (lower house), of 155 Deputies (120 before 2017) and by the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] (upper house), formed by 43 Senators (38 before 2017) which will increase its size to 50 senators after the [[2021 Chilean general election|next general election]]. The organisation of Congress and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current [[Constitution of Chile|constitution]] and by the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18,918. [[File:Congresschile.jpg|thumb|left|Chile Congress building]] Congress meets in the Chile Congress building, which was built during the last years of the [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]] regime and stands in the port city of [[Valparaíso]], some 140 km west of the capital, [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]]. This new building replaced the [[Former National Congress Building]], located in downtown Santiago. On 13 September 1973, the [[Government Junta of Chile (1973)|Government Junta of Chile]] [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|dissolved Congress]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/chile/story/0,,1033575,00.html "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile"]. ''The Guardian''. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</ref> {{clear left}} Statistical analysis suggest Chilean politicians in Congress "are not randomly drawn from the population, but over-represent high-income communities".<ref name=surmane/> As such, Chileans of [[Castilian-Basque aristocracy|Castilian-Basque]], [[Palestinian community in Chile|Palestinian]] and [[List of Chilean Jews|Jewish]] ancestry are overrepresented in it.<ref name=surmane>{{Cite journal|title=Surname affinity in Santiago, Chile: A network-based approach that uncovers urban segregation|journal=[[PLOS One]]|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244372|last=Bro|first=Naim|date=2021-01-06|last2=Mendoza|first2=Marcelo|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0244372}}</ref> ==Accusations of bias in the design of the legislative electoral system== {{update|section|date=March 2021}} The 1980 Constitution defined a complicated scheme, unique in the world, for electing the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each Deputy or Senator was elected from a two-member district. Parties or coalitions put two-member lists on the ballot. If the first-place list in a district won more than twice the votes of the second-place list, both its nominees were elected; otherwise, the top candidate from each list went to Valparaiso, the seat of Chile’s Congress. It has been argued this scheme was expressly designed by the [[Pinochet regime]] to favor election of [[Right-wing political parties|right-wing]] legislative majorities.<ref name=Dartmouth>Carey, John M. [https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/2/109/files/2013/02/Malapportionment-and-ideological-bias-in-Chilean-electoral-districts.pdf Malapportionment and ideological bias in Chilean electoral districts.] Dartmouth College. May 18, 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pastor|first=Daniel|year=2004|title=Origins of the Chilean Binominal Election System|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/revcipol/v24n1/art02.pdf|journal=Revista de Ciencia Política|volume=24|pages=38-57}}</ref> Several rounds of constitutional amendments have been enacted since 1980 to correct this concern.<ref name=Dartmouth/><ref>Carey, John. [https://theglobalamericans.org/2015/05/chiles-electoral-reform/ Chile’s electoral reform.] Global Americans. May 27, 2015.</ref> == See also == {{Politics of Chile}} * [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile]] * [[List of legislatures by country]] * [[Politics of Chile]] * [[Senate of Chile]] == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|National Congress of Chile}} * [https://www.camara.cl Cámara de Diputados] * [http://www.senado.cl/ Senado] {{Chile topics}} {{National bicameral legislatures}} {{SouthAmerican legislatures}} {{Legislatures of the Americas}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|33|02|52|S|71|36|21|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Government of Chile]] [[Category:Bicameral legislatures|Chile]] [[Category:National legislatures|Chile]] {{chile-poli-stub}} {{legislature-stub}}'