Examine individual changes

'{{short description|White nationalist slogan}} {{use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} '''Fourteen Words''', '''14''', or '''14/88''', is a reference to two 14-word slogans set forth and popularized through [[Wotansvolk|14 Word Press]] — "'''We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children'''",<ref name="ADL14"/> followed by the less commonly used "Because the beauty of the White Aryan woman must not perish from the earth." The slogans were originally coined by American [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] [[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]],<ref name="Michael2009">{{cite journal |last=Michael |first=George |year=2009 |title=David Lane and the Fourteen Words |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=43–61 |doi=10.1080/14690760903067986 |s2cid=145438802 |issn=1469-0764}}</ref> one of mine members of the defunct [[domestic terrorist]] group [[The Order (white supremacist group)|The Order]],<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4">{{cite book |title=Modern American Extremism and Domestic Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Extremists and Extremist Groups |last=Balleck |first=Barry |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-1440852749 |location=United States |page=4}}</ref> and serve as a rallying cry for militant white nationalists across the globe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2009/supreme-court-requires-prisons-give-special-consideration-racist-pagans |title=Supreme Court Requires Prisons Give Special Consideration to Racist Pagans |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> The 8s in the latter half of "14/88" have been used outside of 14 Word Press to represent the eighth letter of the alphabet (H), and "HH" stands for "Heil Hitler".<ref>{{cite book |first=Mattias |last=Gardell |title=Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism |page=69}}</ref> The two slogans were coined while Lane was serving a 190-year sentence in [[federal prison]] for violating the civil rights of [[Jews|Jewish]] talk show host [[Alan Berg]], who was murdered by another member of the group in June 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2009/06/17/the-murder-of-alan-berg-in-denver-25-years-later/|title=The murder of Alan Berg in Denver: 25 years later|date=2009-06-17|website=The Denver Post |access-date=2019-11-18|quote=Federal authorities tried four suspects in 1987, and the two found guilty were convicted of violating Berg’s civil rights. Lane, then 49, was sentenced to 150 years.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/david-lane|title=David Lane|website=Southern Poverty Law Center |access-date=2019-11-18|quote=In 1987, Lane was additionally accused of violating Berg’s civil rights by helping to assassinate him, a federal charge. While Lane did not pull the trigger, prosecutors said he drove the getaway car and played a large role in the planning of Berg’s murder. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison.}}</ref> The slogans were publicized through now-defunct [[Wotansvolk|14 Word Press]], founded in 1995 by Lane's wife to disseminate her husband's writings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/david-lane|title=David Lane|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref><ref name="splc profile">{{cite web |title=David Lane |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/david-lane |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |access-date=10 August 2018}}</ref> Lane also used the phrasing in other writings, including the "14 points" in his "[[white genocide conspiracy theory|white genocide]]" manifesto, and further in his [[88 Precepts]] essay, stressing his support for racial and [[ethnic religion]]s, opposition to [[multiracialism]] and [[miscegenation]], and support for [[racial segregation|racial separatism]].<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Werwolf!: The History of the National Socialist Guerrilla Movement, 1944–1946 |last=Biddiscombe|first=Perry|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-8020-0862-6|at=note 58|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/werwolfhistoryof00bidd}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/the-truth-about-88-new-book-reveals-secret-meaning-of-neo-nazi-codes-a-770820.html|title=The Truth about 88: New Book Reveals Secret Meaning of Neo-Nazi Codes|date=27 June 2011|work=[[Spiegel Online]]|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> According to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], the Fourteen Words slogan "are derived from a passage in [[Adolf Hitler]]'s autobiographical book ''[[Mein Kampf]]''";<ref name="SPLC">{{cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/american-freedom-party |title=The American Freedom Party |quote=The American Freedom Party (formerly American Third Position) is a political party initially established by racist Southern California skinheads that aims to deport immigrants and return the United States to white rule. |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> the Fourteen Words are prominently used by [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]], [[white power skinheads]] and certain [[White nationalism|white nationalists]] and the [[alt-right]].<ref name="knowyourmeme">{{cite web|title=14 Words, Know Your Meme|url=https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/14-words |publisher=Know Your Meme |access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/14-words |title=14 Words|work=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref> Lane's ideology was [[Anti-Americanism|anti-American]] and Lane considered loyalty to the United States to be "race treason" and upheld a secondary slogan entitled "Our Race Is Our Nation" ("ORION")<ref>https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/orion</ref> viewing the United States as committing [[White genocide conspiracy theory|genocide against white people]]{{sfnp|Gardell|2003|p=67}}<ref name="adl">{{cite web |url=http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/lane.asp?xpicked=2&item=lane |title=David Lane |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103094309/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/lane.asp?xpicked=2&item=lane |archive-date=November 3, 2008}}</ref> and as having been founded as a [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]] to finalize a global Zionist government. Being bitterly opposed to the continued existence of the United States as a political entity, and labelling it the "murderer of the White race",<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/david-lane |title=David Lane |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Lane further advocated domestic terrorism as a tool to carve out a "[[Northwest Territorial Imperative|white homeland]]" in the [[Mountain states|Northern Mountain States]]. To that end, Lane issued a declaration called "Moral Authority" published through now-defunct 14 Word Press and shared through the publications of [[Aryan Nations]], [[Creativity (religion)|World Church of the Creator]] and other white separatist groups, referring to the [[United States]] as a "[[Flag of the United States|Red, White and Blue]] traveling mass murder machine", while asserting "true moral authority belongs to those who resist genocide".<ref name="adl"/> == Phrasing == The terms were later adopted by [[white supremacist]]s<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4" /> and [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]],<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4" /> [[white nationalist]]s and [[identitarians]], members of the [[far-right]] and alt-right, the most widely used variation being, "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."<ref name="ADL14">{{cite web|title=Hate on Display: 14 words|url=http://www.adl.org/combating-hate/hate-on-display/c/14-words.html |publisher=Anti-Defamation League|access-date=2007-06-01}}</ref><ref name="Ph.D.Blanco2016">{{cite book|last1=Dunbar|first1=Edward|last2=Blanco|first2=Amalio|last3=Crèvecoeur-MacPhail <!--Google and Amazon bollix the correct e-grave -->|first3=Desirée A.|title=The Psychology of Hate Crimes as Domestic Terrorism: U.S. and Global Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GZoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |date=2016-11-21 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781440839078 |pages=91– |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="CarmichaelMaguire2015">{{cite book|last1=Carmichael|first1=Cathie|last2=Maguire|first2=Richard C.|title=The Routledge History of Genocide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rvlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |date=2015-05-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317514848 |pages=211– |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Dictionary of White Supremacist Slang" /> Another less commonly used variation is: "Because the beauty of the White Aryan woman must not perish from the earth."<ref>{{cite book| first = Mattias| last = Gardell| title = Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism| page = 69}}</ref> It is sometimes combined with [[88 (number)#In white nationalism|88]], as in "14/88" or "1488". The 8s represent the eighth letter of the alphabet (H), and "HH" stands for "[[Heil Hitler]]", according to Neo-Nazis who use the code.<ref name="Dictionary of White Supremacist Slang">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.complex.com/life/2017/01/dictionary-of-white-supermacist-slang-symbols/|title=A Complete Dictionary of White Supremacist Slang and Symbols|last=Ruiz|first=Stephen|date=11 January 2017|magazine=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> 88 was used by Lane as a reference to his [[88 Precepts]],<ref name="88 meaning">{{cite news |author=James Ridgeway |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/uselectionroadtrip/2008/oct/28/uselections-obama-racism |title=Fourteen Words that spell racism |date=28 October 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> along with a secondary reference to his "88 Lines and 14 Words". "88", when combined with "14", refers to numerology in Lane's white supremacist [[neo-pagan]] religion, [[Wotansvolk|Wotanism]] (the [[absolute value]] of "14 - 88" being the number 74).<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Stephen Ruiz |url=https://www.complex.com/life/2017/01/dictionary-of-white-supermacist-slang-symbols/numbers-abbreves-acronyms-one |title=A Complete Dictionary of White Supremacist Slang and Symbols |magazine=Complex}}</ref> The slogan has been used in acts of white supremacist [[terrorism]] and [[violence]].<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4" /> It was central to the symbolism of 2008's [[Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee|Barack Obama assassination plot]],<ref name="NYT 2009-10-28">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/us/politics/28plot.html|title=Arrests in Plan to Kill Obama and Black Schoolchildren|last=Lichtblau|first=Eric|date=27 October 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> which intended to kill 88 [[African Americans]], including future President [[Barack Obama]] (at that time the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] nominee), 14 of whom were to be [[Decapitation|beheaded]].<ref name="ABC1027">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/Vote2008/story?id=6122962&page=1 |title=Feds thwart alleged Obama assassination plot |last=Date |first=Jack |date=2008-10-27 |work=[[ABC News]] |access-date=2008-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030022717/http://www.abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/Vote2008/story?id=6122962&page=1|archive-date=30 October 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Haberman">{{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/10272008/news/nationalnews/the_plot_to_kill_obama_135558.htm|title=ATF stops plot to kill Barack Obama|last=Haberman|first=Maggie |author-link=Maggie Haberman|date=2008-10-27|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028183217/http://www.nypost.com/seven/10272008/news/nationalnews/the_plot_to_kill_obama_135558.htm|archive-date=2008-10-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Skinhead [[Curtis Allgier]] notably [[tattoo]]ed the words on to his body after he [[murder]]ed corrections officer Stephen Anderson,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2007/08/23/face-hate-curtis-allgier-explained |title=Face of Hate: Curtis Allgier |last=Sanchez |first=Casey |date=23 August 2007 |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> and [[Dylann Roof]]'s [[race war]]-inspired [[Charleston church shooting]] was influenced by the slogan. == Origins == A strong resemblance of the first definition to a statement in Adolf Hitler's ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' has been pointed out, albeit not by Lane or by Fourteen Word Press. Scholars such as Barry Balleck have stated that Lane was almost certainly influenced by Hitler, specifically the following statement in ''Mein Kampf''.<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4" /> <blockquote>What we must fight for is to safeguard the existence and reproduction of our race and our people, the sustenance of our children and the purity of our blood, the freedom and independence of the fatherland, so that our people may mature for the fulfillment of the mission allotted it by the creator of the universe. Every thought and every idea, every doctrine and all knowledge, must serve this purpose. And everything must be examined from this point of view and used or rejected according to its utility. ''(Vol. I, Chapter 8)''<ref name="Balleck 2018 p. 4" /></blockquote> According to scholar [[Mattias Gardell]], David Lane taught something he called the "Pyramid Prophecy 666",{{sfnp|Gardell|2003|p=381}} which included the concept that a [[Bible code]] was inserted by "[[Aryan]] adepts" within the [[King James Version]] of the Christian [[Bible]]. Gardell's book ''[[Gods of the Blood]]'' states "The number [[1776]] appears in the [[Magic square|numeric square]] of Mars in which is found the [[Star of David]] and its 741 formula, 741 also being the value of the 14 Words in [[Gematria|simple English gematria]]." Lane claimed both 14 word slogans came to him while asleep, and that the sentences each contained 61 letters, 20 syllables, 74 characters and the 741 value. Elaborating, he described himself in the "Pyramid Prophecy" as the "666 Sun Man" trying to "save white people" with America being the "Beast system" bent on "destroying white people" — views that were censored by Ron McVan and others who found the messianic claims counterproductive by "turning off potential converts".{{sfnp|Gardell|2003|p=382}} Lane continued to press the ideas of Anti-Americanism and the Pyramid Prophecy after the demise of 14 Word Press through websites operated by Neo-Nazi group "Women for Aryan Unity". == Advocates == === United Kingdom === *[[Nick Griffin]], a British politician, former [[British National Party]] leader and [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]], has stated his political ideology can be summed up by the 14 Words.<ref>{{cite news |author=Dominic Gover |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/bnp-leader-nick-griffin-slurred-jews-paki-police-officers-while-his-house-was-searched-1447553 |title=BNP Leader Nick Griffin Slurred 'Jews and Paki' Police Officers While His House Was Searched |date=7 May 2014 |newspaper=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref> He has claimed "everything I do is related to building a nationalist movement through which [...] those 14 words can be carried out."<ref>{{cite news |author=Nick Griffin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/may/06/nick-griffin-vision-bnp-britain-1990s-police-interviews |title=Nick Griffin's vision for BNP-led Britain shown in 1990s police interviews |date=6 May 2014 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> *[[Colin Jordan]] (1923–2009), a leading figure in post-war [[neo-Nazism]] in Great Britain and longtime supporter of the 14 Words; contributed to Lane's book ''Deceived, Damned & Defiant''.<ref>Colin Jordan and Britain's Neo-Nazi Movement: Hitler's Echo, Page 230</ref> *[[Millennial Woes]], a Scottish alt-right, neoreactionary political activist and YouTube personality, supports the slogan and has stated in 2017 that the "14 words used to be more controversial than they are nowadays".<ref name="GQ" /> [[Faith Goldy]] has claimed that he had encouraged her to recite the slogan in an interview.<ref name="RWW" /> *[[John Tyndall (politician)|John Tyndall]] (1934–2005) was a British [[Fascism|fascist]] political activist who supported the 14 Words along with his party, the [[National Front (UK)|National Front]],<ref>{{cite news |author=Simon Childs |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wd7p75/dover-nazi-march-against-refugees-753 |title=We Watched Nazis Fight Anti-Fascists in England on Saturday |date=14 September 2015 |publisher=[[Vice Media]]}}</ref> which he was chairman of from 1972 to 1974.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-13048754 |title=Scottish election: National Front profile |date=13 April 2011 |work=BBC News}}</ref> === United States === *[[Andrew Anglin]], an American white supremacist and founder of ''[[The Daily Stormer]]'' website, frequently uses, references, and supports the slogan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/andrew-anglin |title=Andrew Anglin |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> and has claimed, "We care not for our own egos or lives. We care only about the agenda, which is: We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."<ref name="ADL2">{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-is-making-common-cause-with-neo-nazis |title=Richard Spencer Is Making Common Cause with Neo-Nazis |date=20 December 2016 |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> *[[Baked Alaska (activist)|Baked Alaska]], an American alt-right/far-right social media personality, supports the words<ref name="ADL" /> but not their creator, and has stated that there's "nothing wrong" with the slogan. Distancing himself from its creator, he claimed, "Just because others have used them doesn't change the meaning."<ref>{{cite web |author=Matt Novak |url=https://gizmodo.com/how-to-tell-if-youre-a-neo-nazi-1797849935 |title=How to Tell If You're a Neo-Nazi |date=15 August 2017 |website=[[Gizmodo]]}}</ref> He has frequently promoted the slogan on social media including with monetary receipts, polls, questions and memes.<ref>{{cite web |author=Brett Barrouquere |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/11/16/verified-no-more-twitter-drops-blue-check-white-nationalists-accounts |title=Verified no more, Twitter drops blue check from white nationalists' accounts |date=16 November 2017 |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Brian Feldman |url=http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/08/baked-alaska-charlottesville-and-the-end-of-ironic-nazi.html |title=The 'Ironic Nazi' Is Coming to an End |date=14 August 2017 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] Magazine Intelligencer}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Jared Holt |url=http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/alt-right-grifter-baked-alaska-is-plotting-a-comeback-on-youtube/ |title=Alt-Right Grifter 'Baked Alaska' Is Plotting A Comeback On YouTube |date=3 May 2018 |publisher=[[Right Wing Watch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Jim Dalrymple II |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jimdalrympleii/twitter-has-permanently-banned-alt-right-figure-baked-alaska |title=Twitter Has Permanently Banned Alt-Right Troll Baked Alaska |date=15 November 2017 |publisher=[[BuzzFeed]]}}</ref> *[[Craig Cobb]], an American white nationalist and separatist, created the video sharing website Podblanc and started a business named after the 14 Words,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/craig-cobb|title=Craig Cobb|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Cener}}</ref> as well as tried to start a church named after Trump which later burned to the ground.<ref>{{cite news |author=Derek Hawkins |date=24 March 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/03/24/neo-nazi-bought-church-with-plans-to-name-it-after-trump-a-fire-destroyed-it/|title=Neo-Nazi bought church with plans to name it after Trump. A fire destroyed it.|publisher=The Washington Post Morning Mix blog}}</ref> *[[Harold Covington]] (14 September 1953 – July, 2018), was an American white separatist leader and founder of the [[Northwest Territorial Imperative|Northwest Front]] organization, based on the 14 Words.<ref>{{cite news |author=Brendan Kiley |url=https://www.thestranger.com/blogs/slog/2015/06/30/22474472/dylann-roof-and-his-fascination-with-a-seattle-based-white-power-group|title=Dylann Roof and His Fascination with a Seattle-Based White Power Group|newspaper=The Stranger}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Chuck Tanner |url=https://www.irehr.org/2018/07/31/harold-covington-dieswhich-way-the-northwest-front/|title=Harold Covington Dies.Which Way the Northwest Front? |publisher=IREHR|date=31 July 2018}}</ref> *[[Nathan Damigo]], an American white supremacist, leader of [[Identity Evropa]] and former [[US Marine]], supports and promotes the slogan with his organization.<ref>{{cite news |author=Isabel Vincent |url=https://nypost.com/2017/08/19/white-power-rally-organizers-are-spreading-hate-to-new-york/ |title=White power rally organizers are spreading hate to New York |date=19 August 2017 |newspaper=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/resources/profiles/identity-evropa |title=Identity Evropa |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> *[[Prussian Blue (duo)|April Gaede]], an American white nationalist and neo-Nazi stage mom, whose daughters (Prussian Blue) used to sing under [[Resistance Records]]; distributed David Lane's cremated remains in "14 pyramids" to signify the 14 Words.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/april-gaede|title=April Gaede|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Sonia Scherr |date=25 January 2010 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2010/01/25/neo-nazi-stage-mom-seeks-new-line-work|title=Neo-Nazi Stage Mom Seeks a New Line of Work|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 March 2009 |author=Larry Keller |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2009/03/11/combat-18-accused-purloining-david-lanes-ashes |title=Combat 18 Accused of Purloining David Lane's Ashes |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> *[[Traditionalist Workers Party|Matthew Heimbach]], an American white supremacist of the [[Traditionalist Workers Party]], has based part of his party-platform on the "14 Words" and affirmed them at various speechings including one before the [[Council of Conservative Citizens]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Allison Carter |author2=Bobby King |date=15 August 2017 |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/crime/2017/08/15/what-we-know-matthew-heimbach-indiana-white-nationalist-who-helped-promote-charlottesville/568805001/|title=What we know about Matthew Heimbach, Indiana white nationalist who helped promote Charlottesville|newspaper=The Indianapolis Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/matthew-heimbach|title=Matthew Heimbach|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> *[[William Daniel Johnson]], an American white nationalist, [[lawyer|attorney]], and chairman of the [[American Freedom Party]], is an advocate of the 14 word slogan. He has stated that he and his organization "embrace principles that will secure the existence of our people and a future for our children".<ref name="SPLC" /><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Tina Nguyen |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/05/donald-trump-white-supremacist-delegate |title=Donald Trump's White-Supremacist Delegate May Be Here to Stay |date=11 May 2016 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Stephen Lemons |url=https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/white-power-american-third-position-party-seeks-toehold-in-arizona-6499191 |title=White Power "American Third Position" Party Seeks Toehold in Arizona |date=21 May 2010 |newspaper=[[Phoenix New Times]]}}</ref> He has claimed that [[Ron Paul]] withdrew his endorsement of him for a [[Judiciary of California|judgeship in California]], after media reported that he was an advocate of the 14 Words.<ref>{{cite web |author=David Holthouse |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2011/08/03/fertile-ground-white-nationalists-organize-with/180982 |title="Fertile Ground": White Nationalists Organize Within Tea Party |date=3 August 2011 |publisher=[[Media Matters]]}}</ref> *[[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]] (1938–2007), was an American white supremacist leader and key member of the terrorist organization [[The Order (white supremacist group)|The Order]]. He is credited with creating and popularizing the 14 Words.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/the-secret-history-of-white-power.html |title=The Secret History of White Power |date=19 May 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]] have described Lane's slogan as reflecting "the primary white supremacist worldview in the late 20th and early 21st centuries".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/14-words |title=14 Words |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> *[[Stephen McNallen]], American neo-pagan leader and founder of the [[Asatru Folk Assembly]], quoted the 14 Words verbatim<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/neo-volkisch|title=Neo-Volkisch|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> through [[National Vanguard (American organization)|National Vanguard]] magazine declaring: "The mainstream media, the left establishment, and all the usual suspects have declared that this statement is 'racist.' It is not racist, it is not White supremacist, it is not bigoted, it is in no way expressing hostility toward any racial group"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalvanguard.org/2017/03/what-stephen-mcnallen-really-thinks-about-race/|title=What Stephen McNallen Really Thinks About Race|last=Hanson|first=Bradford|website=National Vanguard|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> and based his own personal slogan "The existence of my people is not negotiable" as a simplified 14 Words.<ref>{{cite book| first = Mattias| last = Gardell| title = Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism| page=283}}</ref> *[[Tom Metzger]], an American white separatist leader, founder of [[White Aryan Resistance]] and hosted the 14 Word writings of imprisoned David Lane; accused the United States government of murdering Lane at his death in 2007.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2007/terrorist-14-words-author-dies-prison |title=Terrorist, '14 Words' Author, Dies in Prison |magazine=[[Intelligence Report]] |date=Fall 2007 |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=George Michael |editor=Joshua B. Morgan |date=January 2016 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303446060 |chapter=Chapter 3: This is War! Tom Metzger, White Aryan Resistance, and the Lone Wolf Legacy |title=Focus on Terrorism |volume=Volume 14 |publisher=Nova Publishers |isbn=978-1-63484-352-2}}</ref> *[[Jack Posobiec]], an American alt-right conspiracy theorist and former [[naval intelligence]] officer, has repeatedly published information related to "1488" and has been reported as a supporter of the slogan.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=drmistercody |number=1021973081105948672 |date=24 July 2018 |title=Jack: "Being the president of a country is the same as directing superhero films. Also, here's the secret Nazi code 14/88 a few times." |author=Cody Johnston }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Jerry Iannelli |url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/florida-republican-wants-to-add-political-affiliation-to-hate-crime-list-9707608 |title=Florida State Rep. Wants Attacking "Political Affiliation" to Be Hate Crime |date=28 September 2017 |newspaper=[[Miami New Times]]}}</ref> *[[White Revolution (hate group)|Billy Roper]], an American white supremacist who corresponded with David Lane and founded a White power group called "White Revolution" based on the 14 Words.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/billy-roper|title=Billy Roper|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> *[[Richard B. Spencer]], an American white supremacist and president of the [[National Policy Institute]], supports the 14-worded slogan.<ref name="ADL2" /> *[[Vox Day]], an American writer, video game designer, and alt-right activist, supports the 14 Words,<ref name="ADL">{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/from-alt-right-to-alt-lite-naming-the-hate |title=From Alt Right to Alt Lite: Naming the Hate |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> promoting the slogan in his ''Sixteen points of the Alt-Right'',<ref>{{cite web |author=Simon Murdoch |url=https://www.hopenothate.org.uk/2017/05/22/online-alt-right-use-facial-recognition-track-anti-fascists/ |title=Online alt-right to use facial recognition to track anti-fascists |date=22 May 2017 |publisher=[[Hope Not Hate]]}}</ref> which placed the sentence "we must secure the existence of white people and a future for white children" as the 14th point.<ref>{{cite web |author=David Auerbach |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/from-lucifers-hammer-to-newts-moon-base-to-donalds-wallthe-sci-fi-roots-of-the-far-right |title=The Sci-Fi Roots of the Far Right—From 'Lucifer's Hammer' to Newt's Moon Base to Donald's Wall |date=17 September 2017 |website=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref> *[[weev]], an American computer hacker and Internet troll, has shown his support for the slogan, referencing "1488" numerously in computer transactions,<ref>{{cite web |author=Marc Steinau |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/neo-nazis-and-right-wing-extremists-profit-from-the-bitcoin-hype-2018-1 |title=How neo-Nazis and right-wing extremists profit from bitcoin |date=11 January 2018 |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> as well as more explicitly discussing the topic on social media.<ref>{{cite news |author=Alex Hern |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/07/twitter-blocks-promoted-tweets-white-supremacist-weev-auernheimer |title=Twitter blocks promoted tweets by notorious white supremacist |date=7 May 2015 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Ashley Feinberg |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/daily-stormer-nazi-style-guide_us_5a2ece19e4b0ce3b344492f2 |title=This Is The Daily Stormer's Playbook |date=13 December 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> === Other nations === *[[Faith Goldy]], a Canadian right-wing writer and commentator, has recited<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Michael Edison Hayden |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ann-coulter-trump-white-nationalist-887699 |title=Ann Coulter Retweets White Nationalist Charlottesville Leader Who Attacked Trump With Syria Conspiracy Theory |date=16 April 2018 |magazine=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> and supported<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/12/21/hatewatch-headlines-12212017 |title=How badly is the Bundy case screwed up? Media gear up for voting-rights assault; Faith Goldy recites, embraces the '14 Words'; and more |date=21 December 2017 |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> the 14 Words,<ref>{{cite news |author=Tom Yun |url=https://thevarsity.ca/2018/03/26/open-letter-petitions-u-of-t-to-rescind-faith-goldys-student-leadership-award/ |title=Open letter petitions U of T to rescind Faith Goldy's student leadership award |date=26 March 2018|newspaper=[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nick Taylor |url=http://www.trentarthur.ca/cant-welcome-faith-goldy/ |title=Why We Can't Welcome Faith Goldy |date=27 March 2018 |newspaper=[[Arthur (newspaper)|Arthur]]}}</ref> saying "I don't see that as controversial... We want to survive."<ref name="GQ">{{cite magazine |author=Mari Uyehara |url=https://www.gq.com/story/how-free-speech-warriors-mainstreamed-white-supremacists |title=How Free Speech Warriors Mainstreamed White Supremacists |date=8 May 2018|magazine=[[GQ]]}}</ref> After being banned by [[Patreon]] for her advocacy of the slogan, Goldy defended her views, and gathered petition signatures in public on a document which replaced "white children" with "[[Aboriginal child protection|aboriginal children]]", to supposedly prove the slogan was not hate speech.<ref name="RWW">{{cite web |author=Jared Holt |url=http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/faith-goldy-defends-her-recital-of-14-words/ |title=Faith Goldy Defends Her Recital Of '14 Words' |date=29 May 2018 |publisher=[[Right Wing Watch]]}}</ref> *[[Marian Kotleba]], a Slovak politician and leader of the far-right [[Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia]] political party, has been accused of demonstrating support for the slogan,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20881113/kotleba-of-lsns-charged-with-extremism.html |title=Kotleba of ĽSNS charged with extremism |date=30 July 2018 |newspaper=[[The Slovak Spectator]]}}</ref> with reference to the 14 Words by making a €1,488 donation to three families.<ref>{{cite news |author=Blaise Gauquelin |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2017/08/02/le-fuhrer-slovaque-de-banska-bystrica-inquiete-par-la-justice_5167684_3210.html |title=Le " Führer " slovaque de Banska Bystrica inquiété par la justice |language=FR |trans-title=Slovak "Führer" from Banska Bystrica worried about justice |date=2 August 2017 |newspaper=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/slovak-far-right-leader-charged-with-promoting-extremism/ |title=Slovak far-right leader charged with promoting extremism |date=28 July 2018 |newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]] |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> The donations were used as an evidence in the court in which he was found guilty of supporting and propagating sympathies towards movements oppressing [[Human rights|fundamental human rights]] and was sentenced to four years and four months in prison.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Slovakia far right leader jailed for four years over Nazi symbols|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/12/slovakia-far-right-leader-marian-kotleba-jailed-for-four-years-over-nazi-symbols|access-date=2020-10-12|website=euronews|language=en}}</ref> The ruling is not valid yet and may be appealed.<ref>{{cite news|author=Spectator Staff|date=12 October 2020|title=Kotleba sentenced to four years and four months in prison|work=The Slovak Spectator|url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22508675/guilty-kotleba-sentenced-to-four-years-and-four-months-in-prison.html}}</ref> == References related to terrorism and violence == [[File:CurtisAllgier.jpg|thumb|[[White power skinhead|Skinhead]] murderer [[Curtis Allgier]] has tattoos of "14" and "88"<ref name=Reavy/>]] The slogans and numerology of "14" and "88" have been used by many white supremacists, both before and after committing violence (such as in [[manifesto]]s), as well as symbolically within criminal acts. These include Order-member [[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]], assassination attempters Paul Schlesselman and Daniel Cowart, and murderers [[Dylann Roof]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/dylann-roof-s-videotaped-confessions-stuns-courtroom-n694036|title=Dylann Roof&#x27;s Videotaped Confession Stuns Courtroom |last=Siemaszko|first=Corky|date=9 December 2016|work=[[NBCNews.com]]|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> and [[Curtis Allgier]].<ref name="Reavy">{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/680194690/Tattoos-tell-a-tale-of-intimidation.html|title=Tattoos tell a tale of intimidation |last=Reavy |first=Pat |date=28 June 2007|work=[[Deseret News]]|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> Allgier has "14" and "88" tattooed on his forehead above and to the sides of the words "skin" and "head" above his eyes in his mugshot.<ref name="Reavy" /> === Murder of Alan Berg === {{Main article|Alan Berg}} The assassination of [[Jewish]] talk show host [[Alan Berg]] in June 1984, is considered as [[The Order (white supremacist group)|The Order]]'s most infamous act of terrorism.<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news |author=Asher Schechter |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/what-are-the-14-words-everyones-been-freaking-out-about-1.5482606 |title=What Are the '14 Words' Everyone's Been Freaking Out About? |date=6 January 2017 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref><ref name="88 meaning" /> Order member Bruce Pierce served as the gunman in the murder and Lane the getaway driver.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2010/08/18/death-assassin-order's-bruce-pierce-dies-prison|title=Hatewatch|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2007/terrorist-14-words-author-dies-prison |title=Terrorist, '14 Words' Author, Dies in Prison |date=1 October 2017 |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> During Lane's imprisonment on separate convictions (some relating to violating Alan Berg's civil rights) he created the Fourteen Words slogan. The number 14 continues to symbolize allegiance to the [[Aryan Nations]]' vision of a [[Northwest Territorial Imperative|white homeland]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Meagan Day |date=4 November 2016 |url=https://timeline.com/white-supremacist-rural-paradise-fb62b74b29e0 |title=Welcome to Hayden Lake, where white supremacists tried to build their homeland |publisher=Timeline}}</ref> === Barack Obama assassination plot === {{Main article|Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee}} "14/88" numerology was symbolically included in the [[Barack Obama]] assassination plot in October 2008.<ref name="NYT 2009-10-28" /> Both Neo-Nazis, Schlesselman and Cowart were introduced to each other online by a mutual friend who shared their white supremacist beliefs.<ref name="AP1030">{{cite news|url=http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/10/28/skinhead_plot_news_sweeps_suspects_tenn_hometown/|title=Authorities say skinhead plot wasn't fully formed|last1=Baird|first1=Woody|date=2008-10-30|newspaper=[[Associated Press]] |last2=DeMillo |first2=Andrew |access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref> Within a month of meeting, they had planned to kill the Democratic Party nominee by driving at their target and shooting from their vehicle. This was to be followed by a killing spree in which the men planned to kill 88 [[African American]]s, 14 of whom were to be beheaded. They were targeting mostly children at an unidentified, predominantly [[Black people|black]] school.<ref name="ABC1027" /><ref name="NYT1027">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/us/politics/28plot.html?scp=1&sq=Daniel%20Cowart&st=cse|title=Arrests in plan to kill Obama and black schoolchildren|last=Lichtblau|first=Eric|date=2008-10-27|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |access-date=2008-10-28}}</ref> Shortly after their arrest, their vehicle was discovered to have "14" and "88" written onto it.<ref name="88 meaning" /> === Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting === {{Main article|Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting}} Mass-shooter [[Wade Michael Page]], who killed six and wounded four members of the [[Sikhism in the United States|Sikh community]] in August 2012, had been a supporter of the Fourteen Words, and was found with "14" onto a [[Celtic Cross]] tattooed on his arm,<ref name="Sikh">{{cite magazine |author=Adam Weinstein |url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2012/08/wade-michael-page-tattoos-sikh-temple-shooting/ |title=The Sikh Temple Shooter's Racist Tattoos, Deciphered |date=6 August 2012 |magazine=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]}}</ref> after committing suicide at the scene of the crime.<ref>{{cite news |author=Matthew Goodwin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/08/wade-michael-page-violent-far-right |title=Wade Michael Page and the rise of violent far-right extremism |date=8 August 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Abby Rogers |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-made-wade-michael-page-racist-2012-8 |title=Wade Michael Page Became A Radical Racist In The US Army |date=10 August 2012 |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> About a year before the shooting, Page wrote on the Internet regarding the slogan, "Passive submission is indirect support to the oppressors. Stand up for yourself and live the 14 words."<ref>{{cite news |author=Russell Goldman |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/wisconsin-gunman-wade-michael-pages-tattoos-racist-beliefs/story?id=16949676 |title=Cracking Wisconsin Gunman's Secret Racist Tattoo Code |date=7 August 2012 |work=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> === Charleston church shooting === {{Main article|Charleston church massacre}} After the Charleston mass-murder shooting in June 2015, [[Dylann Roof]]'s ideology and apparent manifesto emerged in the media with multiple references to "1488";<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Clara Jeffery |author2=James West |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/06/references-dylann-roof-manifesto-explained-1488/ |title=The Deeply Racist References in Dylann Roof's Apparent Manifesto, Decoded. |date=20 June 2015 |magazine=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]}}</ref> these included several photos of Roof pictured alongside the numbers.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rob Crilly |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11689037/Charleston-church-massacre-Things-we-learned-from-shooter-Dylann-Roofs-racist-manifesto.html |title=Charleston church massacre: Things we learned from shooter Dylann Roof's racist manifesto |date=21 June 2015 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> He symbolically brought 88 bullets to the [[Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church]] to carry out the shooting, in which nine [[African Americans]] were killed.<ref>{{cite news |author=AJ Willingham |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/21/us/hate-symbols-changing-trnd/index.html |title=These are the new symbols of hate |date=22 February 2017 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Tonya Maxwell |author2=Tim Smith |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/01/10/dylann-roof-sentencing/96412218/ |title=Federal jury sentences Dylann Roof to death |date=11 January 2017 |newspaper=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> === Pittsburgh synagogue shooting === {{Main article|Pittsburgh synagogue shooting}} Robert Bowers, the gunman suspected of killing 11 people and wounding 6 at the Tree of Life Synagogue in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania, included the numeric code "1488" in the header image of his [[Gab (social network)|Gab]] social media account.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/10/robert-bowers-social-media-rob-gab|title=Robert Bowers: See Squirrel Hill Suspect's Social Media|date=27 October 2018|publisher=Heavy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/robert-bowers-is-neo-nazi-who-posted-about-killing-jews-on-gab|title=Synagogue Suspect Hated Trump—for Not Hating Jews|last=Weill|first=Kelly|date=2018-10-27|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2018-12-10|language=en}}</ref> Bowers also expressed [[Christian Identity]] rhetoric declaring "the lord jesus christ is come in the flesh" while espousing anti-Semitic views that "jews are children of satan".<ref>{{cite news |author1=Katie Zezima |author2=Wesley Lowery |date=27 October 2018 |title=Suspected synagogue shooter appears to have railed against Jews, refugees online |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/national/suspected-synagogue-shooter-appears-to-have-railed-against-jews-refugees-online/2018/10/27/e99dd282-da18-11e8-a10f-b51546b10756_story.html}}</ref> === Christchurch mosque shootings === {{Main article|Christchurch mosque shootings}} Brenton Harrison Tarrant, the shooter responsible for the attacks, posted images on [[Twitter]] of firearms and published his manifesto "The Great Replacement" which both had the [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] symbol [[Black Sun (symbol)|Black Sun]] and the slogan (as "14" or "14 Words") written on the weapons and also in the manifesto. The firearms were used in the shooting.<ref name="nzherald_2019-03-15">{{cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12213076|title=Mosque shooting: Christchurch gunman livestreamed shooting|date=15 March 2019|newspaper=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=15 March 2019|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/1e19fefcb2e948a1bf7ce63429bc186e|title=Mosque shooter a white nationalist seeking revenge|last=Gelineau|first=Kristen|date=16 March 2019|website=The Associated Press|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/597933f5d8454f448db02d1fc077730d|title=Mosque shooter brandished white supremacist iconography|last=Gambrell|first=Jon|date=15 March 2019|website=The Associated Press|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Northwest Territorial Imperative]] * [[White genocide conspiracy theory]] * [[White ethnostate]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Alt-right footer}} [[Category:1990s neologisms]] [[Category:Alt-right]] [[Category:Neo-fascism]] [[Category:Neo-Nazism]] [[Category:Slogans]] [[Category:White nationalist symbols]]'