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Old page wikitext, before the edit (`old_wikitext`)	'{{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2014}} {{Refimprove\| date = October 2016}} [[File:DO & CO Catering - 8968355090.jpg\|thumb\|A [[Do & Co]] à la carte meal as served aboard [[Austrian Airlines]] flights]] An '''airline meal''', '''airline food''', or '''in-flight meal''' is a [[meal]] served to passengers on board a commercial [[airliner]]. These meals are prepared by specialist [[airline]] [[catering]] services and normally served to passengers using an [[airline service trolley]]. These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and [[travel class\|classes of travel]]. They range from a simple snack or beverage in [[short-haul]] [[economy class]] to a seven-course gourmet meal in a [[First class (aviation)\|first class]] [[long-haul]] flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were [[Airline deregulation\|regulated]] in the American domestic market, food was the primary means airlines differentiated themselves.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Ronalds-Hannon\|first=Elizabeth\|title=Free peanuts on airplanes started out as a marketing ploy\|url=http://qz.com/112310/free-peanuts-on-airplanes-started-out-as-a-marketing-ploy/\|work=Quartz\|publisher=[[The Atlantic Media Company]]\|access-date=August 6, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103105856/http://qz.com/112310/free-peanuts-on-airplanes-started-out-as-a-marketing-ploy/\|archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> ==History== The first airline meals were served by [[Handley Page Transport]], an airline company founded in 1919, to serve the [[London]]–[[Paris]] route in October of that year.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/history-of-aviation-timeline/interactive-aviation-timeline/british-civil-aviation/1919.aspx \| title = British Civil Aviation in 1919 – Part 1 \| work = Interactive aviation timeline \| publisher = Royal Air Force Museum \| location = London NW9 5LL, United Kingdom \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131011094751/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/history-of-aviation-timeline/interactive-aviation-timeline/british-civil-aviation/1919.aspx \| archive-date = October 11, 2013 \| url-status = live \| access-date = October 11, 2013 \| quote = 11 October: The first airline meals are served by Handley Page Transport, when passengers are offered a pre-packed lunch-box, costing 3 shillings, on their London to Paris service.}}</ref> Passengers could choose from a selection of sandwiches and fruit.<ref>{{cite book\| last = Haigh\| first = Gideon\| title = The Tencyclopedia\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iwUCBzMHAuwC\| access-date = February 7, 2013\| year = 2004\| publisher = Text Publishing\| isbn = 978-1-920885-35-9 }}</ref> ==Contents== [[File:Turkish Airlines Business Class meal, Istanbul—Cairo.jpg\|thumb\|[[Turkish Airlines]] Business class meal on an [[Istanbul Airport\|Istanbul]] to [[Cairo Airport\|Cairo]] flight]] [[File:United Airlines International Economy Meal.JPG\|thumb\|A [[United Airlines]] international economy meal from [[Washington Dulles\|Washington, DC]] to [[Zurich Airport\|Zürich]].]] The type of food varies depending upon the airline company and class of travel. Meals may be served on one tray or in multiple courses with no tray and with a tablecloth, metal cutlery, and glassware (generally in first and business classes). Often the food is reflective of the culture of the country the airline is based in or the country that the airplane is destined for (e.g. [[Indian cuisine\|Indian]], [[Japanese cuisine\|Japanese]], [[Chinese cuisine\|Chinese]], or [[Western cuisine\|Western]] meals). The airline dinner typically includes [[meat]] (most commonly [[Chicken as food\|chicken]] or [[beef]]), [[Fish (food)\|fish]], or pasta; a [[salad]] or [[vegetable]]; a small [[bread roll]] (with [[butter]]); and a [[dessert]]. [[Condiments]] (typically [[edible salt\|salt]], [[black pepper\|pepper]], and [[sugar]]) are supplied in small [[sachet (package)\|sachets]] or [[Salt and pepper shakers\|shakers]]. Caterers usually produce alternative meals for passengers with restrictive diets. These must usually be ordered at least 24 hours in advance, sometimes when buying the ticket. Some of the more common examples include: * Cultural diets, such as [[Turkish cuisine\|Turkish]], [[French cuisine\|French]], [[Italian cuisine\|Italian]], [[Chinese cuisine\|Chinese]], [[Japanese cuisine\|Japanese]], [[Korean cuisine\|Korean]], or [[Indian cuisine\|Indian]] style. * [[Baby food\|Infant and baby meals]]. Some airlines also offer [[Kids' meal\|children's meals]], containing foods that children will enjoy such as [[baked beans]], mini-[[hamburger]]s, and [[hot dog]]s. * Medical diets, including low/high [[Dietary fiber\|fiber]], low [[fat]]/[[cholesterol]], [[Diabetic diet\|diabetic]], [[Peanut allergy\|peanut free]], [[Lactose intolerance#Avoiding lactose-containing products\|non-lactose]], low [[salt]]/[[Low sodium diet\|sodium]], [[Gout#Lifestyle\|low-purine]], [[Calorie restriction\|low-calorie]], [[Low-protein diet\|low-protein]], bland (non-spicy), and [[Gluten-free diet\|gluten-free]] meals. * Religious diets, including [[kosher]], [[halal]], and [[Vegetarianism in Hinduism\|Hindu]], [[Buddhist vegetarianism\|Buddhist]], and [[Jain vegetarianism\|Jain]] vegetarian. * [[ovo-lacto vegetarian\|Vegetarian]] meals, typically further defined as either lacto-ovo or [[vegan]] meals. These meals may follow a particular cuisine such as Asian cuisine or Western cuisine. ===Halal food=== For several Islamic and Middle Eastern airlines, in accordance with [[Islamic dietary laws\|Islamic customs]], all classes and dishes on the plane are served a Muslim meal with [[Halal]] certification – without [[pork]] and [[alcohol (drug)\|alcohol]]. While [[Emirates Airlines\|Emirates]], [[Etihad Airways]], [[Oman Air]], and [[Qatar Airways]] provide bottles of wine to non-Muslim passengers, the cabin crew does not deliver alcoholic beverages lest they violate Islamic customs, unless those non-Muslim passengers specifically request it. [[Turkish Airlines]] does not serve any meals with pork or lard, but especially during international flights, a variety of alcoholic beverages are served upon request.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://liveandletsfly.boardingarea.com/2017/04/14/turkish-airlines-economy-class-meals/\|title=What Kind of Food Does Turkish Airlines Serve in Longhaul Economy? - Live and Let's Fly\|date=2017-04-15\|work=Live and Let's Fly\|access-date=2018-11-20\|language=en-US}}</ref> Because [[Iran]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] apply strict [[Sharia]] regulations, those countries' airlines, e.g. [[Iran Air]], [[Mahan Air]], and [[Saudi Airlines]], do not deliver pork or alcoholic beverages, and all airlines flying to or from Iran or Saudi Arabia are prohibited from serving either.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://en.halalguide.me/news/halal-friendly-airlines-with-halal-menu-options\|title=Halal-friendly airlines with halal menu options\|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> However, [[Garuda Indonesia]] serves alcoholic beverages (whiskey, beer, champagne, and wine) to non-Muslim passengers. ===Kosher food=== {{main\|Kosher airline meal}} [[File:Kosher BethDin.jpg\|thumb\|Inflight kosher meal approved by the [[Beth din]] of [[Johannesburg]]]] In the case of [[Israel]]i airlines [[El Al]], [[Arkia]], and [[Israir]], all meals served are [[kosher]]-certified by [[Rabbi]]s. Even at destinations outside Israel, sky chefs must be supervised by rabbis to make kosher meals and load their planes.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2016}} Many other airlines also supply kosher-certified meals, which they buy in from outside certified providers and are supplied to the passengers sealed. These may contain food in double-wrapped foil containers which can be heated up in the plane oven, alongside non-kosher food, without breaking the appropriate dietary laws. ===Cutlery and tableware=== Before the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], first class passengers were often provided with full sets of metal cutlery. Afterward, common household items were evaluated more closely for their potential use as weapons on aircraft, and both [[first class travel\|first class]] and [[Economy class\|coach class]] passengers were restricted to plastic utensils. Some airlines switched from metal to all-plastic or plastic-handled cutlery during the [[SARS]] outbreak in 2003, since the SARS virus transfers from person to person easily, and [[plastic cutlery]] can be thrown away after use. Many airlines later switched back to metal cutlery. However, some airlines such as [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Japan Airlines]], [[Emirates (airline)\|Emirates]], [[Garuda Indonesia]], and [[Swiss International Air Lines]] continue to use metal utensils even in economy class as of 2019. Some airlines also made the switch to plastic cutlery in economy class to recover costs resulting from passenger [[theft]], of which metal cutlery tends to be a common item targeted.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Elliot \|first1=Christopher \|title=Theft from planes: Passengers are stealing pillows, blankets, cups and life jackets \|url=http://www.traveller.com.au/theft-from-planes-passengers-are-stealing-pillows-blankets-cups-and-life-jackets-h16jz1 \|website=Traveller AU \|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> In May 2010, concerns were raised in Australia and New Zealand over their respective flag carriers, [[Qantas]] and [[Air New Zealand]], reusing their plastic cutlery for international flights between 10 and 30 times before replacement. Both airlines cited cost saving, international quarantine, and environmental as the reasons for the choice. Both have also said that the plastic cutlery is commercially washed and [[Sterilization (microbiology)\|sterilized]] before reuse.<ref>{{cite news \|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10645963 \|title= Airlines use plastic cutlery up to 10 times \|first= Beck \|last= Vass \|newspaper= The New Zealand Herald \|date = May 19, 2010 \|access-date= May 8, 2011}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url= http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/airlines-reusing-plastic-cutlery-3557516 \|title= Airlines reusing plastic cutlery \|publisher= Television New Zealand \|date = May 19, 2010 \|access-date= May 8, 2011\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130701061811/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/airlines-reusing-plastic-cutlery-3557516 \|archive-date= July 1, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Airline 'reuses plastic cutlery 30 times' \|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/airline-reuses-plastic-cutlery-30-times/story-e6frfq80-1225867534732 \|first=Caroline \|last=Marcus \|newspaper=The Sunday Telelgraph \|date=May 17, 2010 \|access-date=May 8, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520010122/http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/airline-reuses-plastic-cutlery-30-times/story-e6frfq80-1225867534732 \|archive-date=May 20, 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Reusing [[Tableware\|plastic tablewares]] though is a regular practice among many airliners and [[Food service\|food caterers]]. {{Clear}} For cleanliness, most meals come with a [[napkin]] and a [[wet wipe\|moist towelette]]. First and business class passengers are often provided with [[hot towel]]s. ===Breakfast=== [[File:Aeroflot meal 2007.JPG\|thumb\|Breakfast served on a short-haul [[Aeroflot]] flight]] During morning flights a cooked [[breakfast]] or smaller [[continental breakfast\|continental-style]] may be served. On long haul flights (and short/medium haul flights within Asia) breakfast normally includes an [[entrée]] of [[pancakes]] or [[Egg as food\|eggs]], traditional [[Full breakfast\|fried breakfast]] foods such as [[sausage]]s and grilled [[tomato]]es, and often [[muffin]]s or [[pastry\|pastries]], fruits, and [[breakfast cereal]] on the side. On shorter flights a continental-style breakfast, generally including a miniature box of [[breakfast cereal]], [[fruits]] and either a [[muffin]], [[pastry]], or [[bagel]]. [[Coffee]] and [[tea]] are offered as well, and sometimes [[hot chocolate]]. ==Cost== Food on board a flight is usually free on full-service Asian airlines and on almost all long-distance flights, while they might cost extra on [[low-cost airlines]] or European full-service airline flights. Quality may also fluctuate due to shifts in the economics of the airline industry. On long-haul international flights in [[First class travel\|first class]] and [[business class]], most Asian and European airlines serve gourmet meals, while legacy carriers based in the US tend to serve multicourse meals including a cocktail snack, appetizer, [[soup]], [[salad]], [[entrée]] (chicken, beef, fish, or pasta), cheeses with fruit, and [[ice cream]]. Some long-haul flights in first and business class offer such delicacies as [[caviar]], [[champagne]], and [[sorbet]] (intermezzo). The cost and availability of meals on US airlines has changed considerably in recent years, as financial pressures have forced some airlines to either begin charging for meals, or abandon them altogether in favor of small snacks, as in the case of [[Southwest Airlines]]. Eliminating free pretzels saved Northwest $2 million annually.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2015}} Nowadays, the main US legacy carriers ([[American Airlines\|American]], [[Delta Air Lines\|Delta]], and [[United Airlines\|United]]) have discontinued full meal service in economy class on short-haul US domestic and North American flights, while retaining it on most intercontinental routes;<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/duringFlight/dining/dining.jsp \|title=American Airlines Inflight Dining, Recipes, Menus And More On \|publisher=Aa.com \|date=October 25, 2012 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122184814/https://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/duringFlight/dining/dining.jsp \|archive-date=January 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/in-flight-services/products/dining.html \|title=Airline Meals & Delta Dining \| Delta Air Lines \|publisher=Delta.com \|date=November 10, 2013 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426101200/http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/in-flight-services/products/dining.html \|archive-date=April 26, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.united.com/web/en-US/content/travel/inflight/dining/default.aspx \|title=United Airlines – Inflight dining \|publisher=United.com \|date=September 22, 2013 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420135620/http://www.united.com/web/en-us/Content/travel/inflight/dining/default.aspx \|archive-date=April 20, 2014 }}</ref> and at least one European carrier, [[Icelandair]], follows this policy on intercontinental runs as well.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.icelandair.us/information/ \|title=Icelandair information: flights to Iceland, destinations, schedules & more – Icelandair \|publisher=Icelandair.us \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213114053/http://www.icelandair.us/information/\|archive-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> As of 2018, all 4 major U.S. legacy airlines now offer free snacks on board in economy class. [[United Airlines\|United]] re-introduced free snacks in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://newsroom.united.com/2015-12-09-Free-Snacks-are-Back-United-Airlines-to-Introduce-New-Signature-Snacks\|title=News Releases\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> From April 2016, [[American Airlines\|American]] fully restored free snacks on all domestic flights in economy class.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://en.halalguide.me/news/halal-friendly-airlines-with-halal-menu-options\|title=Halal-friendly airlines with halal menu options\|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Free meals will also be available on certain domestic routes.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20160201/NEWS10/160209995/free-checked-baggage-no-but-have-some-pretzels\|title=Free checked baggage? No, but have some pretzels\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> Delta and Southwest have already been offering free snacks for years.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://qz.com/608139/american-and-united-airlines-are-bringing-back-free-snacks-for-everyone/\|title=American and United Airlines are bringing back free snacks for everyone\|first=Thu-Huong\|last=Ha\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> [[Air China]] has reported that each domestic flight's meal requires [[RMB]]50 (US$7.30) while international flights require RMB70 (US$10).<ref>{{cite book\| last = Li\| first = Jiaxiang\| title = My Way The Eight Strategies of Air China Towards Success\| year = 2008\| publisher = Cengage Learning\| location = China\| isbn = 978-981-4239-58-5\| page = 241 }}</ref> However, this figure varies from airline to airline, as some have reported costs to be as low as US$3.50.<ref>[http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx "The Death of the Airline Meal"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312080431/http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx \|date=March 12, 2013 }} [http://moneycentral.msn.com MSN Money] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312080431/http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx \|date=March 12, 2013 }} . Accessed May 2011.</ref> Air China is also minimizing costs by loading only 95% of all meals to reduce leftovers and storing non-perishable foods for emergencies. In 1958 [[Pan Am]] and several European airlines entered into a legal dispute over whether certain airline food sandwiches counted as a "meal".<ref>"[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F11F63554127B93C0A8178FD85F4C8585F9 Airline Says Rivals Violate Rule By Epic, Epicurean Sandwiches; Smorgasbord on Bread Hardly a Tidbit, Pan American Protests, Citing Pact Against Meals on Cut-Rate Flights]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. Saturday April 12, 1958. Business Financial, Page 38. Retrieved on January 12, 2010.</ref> ==Preparation== [[File:Airline catering.JPG\|thumb\|Food being delivered to an [[American Airlines]] [[Boeing 767]]]] Meals must generally be prepared on the ground before takeoff. Guillaume de Syon, a history professor at [[Albright College]] who wrote about the history of airline meals,<ref>{{cite book\|last=de Syon\|first=Guillaume\|chapter=Is it Really Better to Travel than to Arrive? Airline Food as a Reflection of Consumer Anxiety\|editor-last=Rubin \|editor-first=Lawrence C. \|title=Food for Thought: Essays on Eating and Culture \| year=2009 \|publisher=McFarland \|pages=199–209 \|url= https://www.academia.edu/1293652 }}</ref> said that the higher [[altitude]]s alter the taste of the food and the function of the [[taste bud]]s; according to de Syon the food may taste "dry and flavorless" as a result of the pressurization and passengers, feeling thirsty due to pressurization, may drink alcohol when they ought to drink water.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/04/29/airlines.gourmet.food.ap/index.html \|date=April 29, 2008 \|title=Airlines enlist gourmet chefs to draw first-class fliers \|publisher=Associated Press/CNN \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915061654/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/04/29/airlines.gourmet.food.ap/index.html \|archive-date=September 15, 2008 }}</ref> Tests have shown that the perception of saltiness and sweetness drops 30% at high altitudes. The low humidity in airline cabins also dries out the nose which decreases olfactory sensors which are essential for tasting flavor in dishes.{{cn\|date=August 2020}} Food safety is paramount in the airline catering industry. A case of mass [[food poisoning]] amongst the passengers on an airliner could have disastrous consequences. For example, on February 20, 1992, [[shrimp]] tainted with [[cholera]] was served on [[Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386]]. An elderly passenger died and other passengers fell ill. For this reason catering firms and airlines have worked together to provide a set of industry guidelines specific to the needs of airline catering. The World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering is offered free of charge by the International Flight Service Association.<ref>{{citation\|title=World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering \|url=http://www.ifsachoices.com/WFSG_2010(updated).pdf \|year=2010 \|access-date=December 27, 2013 \|publisher=International Flight Service Association \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228042052/http://www.ifsachoices.com/WFSG_2010%28updated%29.pdf \|archive-date=December 28, 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> ==See also== {{Portal\|Aviation\|Food}} {{col div\|colwidth=20em}} * [[Bento]] and [[Ekiben]] * [[Newrest]] * [[Dnata]] * [[Do & Co]] * [[Gate Gourmet]] * [[Kosher airline meal]] * [[LSG Sky Chefs]] * [[Singapore Airport Terminal Services]] (SATS) * [[TV dinner]] {{colend}} == References == {{reflist\|30em}} == External links == * {{commonscat-inline\|Airline meals}} * Airline [http://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/catalog/inu-ead-trans-001 menus] from 1929 to the present at Northwestern University {{Airline catering companies}} {{Commercial air travel}} {{Meals_navbox}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Airline Meal}} [[Category:Airline catering]] [[Category:In-flight passenger facilities]] [[Category:Serving and dining]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (`new_wikitext`)	'{{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2014}} {{Refimprove\| date = October 2016}} [[File:DO & CO Catering - 8968355090.jpg\|thumb\|A [[Do & Co]] à la carte meal as served aboard [[Austrian Airlines]] flights]] == References == {{reflist\|30em}} == External links == * {{commonscat-inline\|Airline meals}} * Airline [http://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/catalog/inu-ead-trans-001 menus] from 1929 to the present at Northwestern University {{Airline catering companies}} {{Commercial air travel}} {{Meals_navbox}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Airline Meal}} [[Category:Airline catering]] [[Category:In-flight passenger facilities]] [[Category:Serving and dining]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (`edit_diff`)	'@@ -3,80 +3,4 @@ [[File:DO & CO Catering - 8968355090.jpg\|thumb\|A [[Do & Co]] à la carte meal as served aboard [[Austrian Airlines]] flights]] -An '''airline meal''', '''airline food''', or '''in-flight meal''' is a [[meal]] served to passengers on board a commercial [[airliner]]. These meals are prepared by specialist [[airline]] [[catering]] services and normally served to passengers using an [[airline service trolley]]. - -These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and [[travel class\|classes of travel]]. They range from a simple snack or beverage in [[short-haul]] [[economy class]] to a seven-course gourmet meal in a [[First class (aviation)\|first class]] [[long-haul]] flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were [[Airline deregulation\|regulated]] in the American domestic market, food was the primary means airlines differentiated themselves.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Ronalds-Hannon\|first=Elizabeth\|title=Free peanuts on airplanes started out as a marketing ploy\|url=http://qz.com/112310/free-peanuts-on-airplanes-started-out-as-a-marketing-ploy/\|work=Quartz\|publisher=[[The Atlantic Media Company]]\|access-date=August 6, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103105856/http://qz.com/112310/free-peanuts-on-airplanes-started-out-as-a-marketing-ploy/\|archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> - -==History== -The first airline meals were served by [[Handley Page Transport]], an airline company founded in 1919, to serve the [[London]]–[[Paris]] route in October of that year.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/history-of-aviation-timeline/interactive-aviation-timeline/british-civil-aviation/1919.aspx \| title = British Civil Aviation in 1919 – Part 1 \| work = Interactive aviation timeline \| publisher = Royal Air Force Museum \| location = London NW9 5LL, United Kingdom \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131011094751/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/history-of-aviation-timeline/interactive-aviation-timeline/british-civil-aviation/1919.aspx \| archive-date = October 11, 2013 \| url-status = live \| access-date = October 11, 2013 \| quote = 11 October: The first airline meals are served by Handley Page Transport, when passengers are offered a pre-packed lunch-box, costing 3 shillings, on their London to Paris service.}}</ref> Passengers could choose from a selection of sandwiches and fruit.<ref>{{cite book\| last = Haigh\| first = Gideon\| title = The Tencyclopedia\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iwUCBzMHAuwC\| access-date = February 7, 2013\| year = 2004\| publisher = Text Publishing\| isbn = 978-1-920885-35-9 }}</ref> - -==Contents== -[[File:Turkish Airlines Business Class meal, Istanbul—Cairo.jpg\|thumb\|[[Turkish Airlines]] Business class meal on an [[Istanbul Airport\|Istanbul]] to [[Cairo Airport\|Cairo]] flight]] -[[File:United Airlines International Economy Meal.JPG\|thumb\|A [[United Airlines]] international economy meal from [[Washington Dulles\|Washington, DC]] to [[Zurich Airport\|Zürich]].]] -The type of food varies depending upon the airline company and class of travel. Meals may be served on one tray or in multiple courses with no tray and with a tablecloth, metal cutlery, and glassware (generally in first and business classes). Often the food is reflective of the culture of the country the airline is based in or the country that the airplane is destined for (e.g. [[Indian cuisine\|Indian]], [[Japanese cuisine\|Japanese]], [[Chinese cuisine\|Chinese]], or [[Western cuisine\|Western]] meals). - -The airline dinner typically includes [[meat]] (most commonly [[Chicken as food\|chicken]] or [[beef]]), [[Fish (food)\|fish]], or pasta; a [[salad]] or [[vegetable]]; a small [[bread roll]] (with [[butter]]); and a [[dessert]]. [[Condiments]] (typically [[edible salt\|salt]], [[black pepper\|pepper]], and [[sugar]]) are supplied in small [[sachet (package)\|sachets]] or [[Salt and pepper shakers\|shakers]]. - -Caterers usually produce alternative meals for passengers with restrictive diets. These must usually be ordered at least 24 hours in advance, sometimes when buying the ticket. Some of the more common examples include: -* Cultural diets, such as [[Turkish cuisine\|Turkish]], [[French cuisine\|French]], [[Italian cuisine\|Italian]], [[Chinese cuisine\|Chinese]], [[Japanese cuisine\|Japanese]], [[Korean cuisine\|Korean]], or [[Indian cuisine\|Indian]] style. -* [[Baby food\|Infant and baby meals]]. Some airlines also offer [[Kids' meal\|children's meals]], containing foods that children will enjoy such as [[baked beans]], mini-[[hamburger]]s, and [[hot dog]]s. -* Medical diets, including low/high [[Dietary fiber\|fiber]], low [[fat]]/[[cholesterol]], [[Diabetic diet\|diabetic]], [[Peanut allergy\|peanut free]], [[Lactose intolerance#Avoiding lactose-containing products\|non-lactose]], low [[salt]]/[[Low sodium diet\|sodium]], [[Gout#Lifestyle\|low-purine]], [[Calorie restriction\|low-calorie]], [[Low-protein diet\|low-protein]], bland (non-spicy), and [[Gluten-free diet\|gluten-free]] meals. -* Religious diets, including [[kosher]], [[halal]], and [[Vegetarianism in Hinduism\|Hindu]], [[Buddhist vegetarianism\|Buddhist]], and [[Jain vegetarianism\|Jain]] vegetarian. -* [[ovo-lacto vegetarian\|Vegetarian]] meals, typically further defined as either lacto-ovo or [[vegan]] meals. These meals may follow a particular cuisine such as Asian cuisine or Western cuisine. - -===Halal food=== -For several Islamic and Middle Eastern airlines, in accordance with [[Islamic dietary laws\|Islamic customs]], all classes and dishes on the plane are served a Muslim meal with [[Halal]] certification – without [[pork]] and [[alcohol (drug)\|alcohol]]. While [[Emirates Airlines\|Emirates]], [[Etihad Airways]], [[Oman Air]], and [[Qatar Airways]] provide bottles of wine to non-Muslim passengers, the cabin crew does not deliver alcoholic beverages lest they violate Islamic customs, unless those non-Muslim passengers specifically request it. [[Turkish Airlines]] does not serve any meals with pork or lard, but especially during international flights, a variety of alcoholic beverages are served upon request.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://liveandletsfly.boardingarea.com/2017/04/14/turkish-airlines-economy-class-meals/\|title=What Kind of Food Does Turkish Airlines Serve in Longhaul Economy? - Live and Let's Fly\|date=2017-04-15\|work=Live and Let's Fly\|access-date=2018-11-20\|language=en-US}}</ref> Because [[Iran]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] apply strict [[Sharia]] regulations, those countries' airlines, e.g. [[Iran Air]], [[Mahan Air]], and [[Saudi Airlines]], do not deliver pork or alcoholic beverages, and all airlines flying to or from Iran or Saudi Arabia are prohibited from serving either.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://en.halalguide.me/news/halal-friendly-airlines-with-halal-menu-options\|title=Halal-friendly airlines with halal menu options\|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> However, [[Garuda Indonesia]] serves alcoholic beverages (whiskey, beer, champagne, and wine) to non-Muslim passengers. - -===Kosher food=== -{{main\|Kosher airline meal}} -[[File:Kosher BethDin.jpg\|thumb\|Inflight kosher meal approved by the [[Beth din]] of [[Johannesburg]]]] -In the case of [[Israel]]i airlines [[El Al]], [[Arkia]], and [[Israir]], all meals served are [[kosher]]-certified by [[Rabbi]]s. Even at destinations outside Israel, sky chefs must be supervised by rabbis to make kosher meals and load their planes.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2016}} Many other airlines also supply kosher-certified meals, which they buy in from outside certified providers and are supplied to the passengers sealed. These may contain food in double-wrapped foil containers which can be heated up in the plane oven, alongside non-kosher food, without breaking the appropriate dietary laws. - -===Cutlery and tableware=== -Before the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], first class passengers were often provided with full sets of metal cutlery. Afterward, common household items were evaluated more closely for their potential use as weapons on aircraft, and both [[first class travel\|first class]] and [[Economy class\|coach class]] passengers were restricted to plastic utensils. Some airlines switched from metal to all-plastic or plastic-handled cutlery during the [[SARS]] outbreak in 2003, since the SARS virus transfers from person to person easily, and [[plastic cutlery]] can be thrown away after use. Many airlines later switched back to metal cutlery. However, some airlines such as [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Japan Airlines]], [[Emirates (airline)\|Emirates]], [[Garuda Indonesia]], and [[Swiss International Air Lines]] continue to use metal utensils even in economy class as of 2019. - -Some airlines also made the switch to plastic cutlery in economy class to recover costs resulting from passenger [[theft]], of which metal cutlery tends to be a common item targeted.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Elliot \|first1=Christopher \|title=Theft from planes: Passengers are stealing pillows, blankets, cups and life jackets \|url=http://www.traveller.com.au/theft-from-planes-passengers-are-stealing-pillows-blankets-cups-and-life-jackets-h16jz1 \|website=Traveller AU \|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> - -In May 2010, concerns were raised in Australia and New Zealand over their respective flag carriers, [[Qantas]] and [[Air New Zealand]], reusing their plastic cutlery for international flights between 10 and 30 times before replacement. Both airlines cited cost saving, international quarantine, and environmental as the reasons for the choice. Both have also said that the plastic cutlery is commercially washed and [[Sterilization (microbiology)\|sterilized]] before reuse.<ref>{{cite news \|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10645963 \|title= Airlines use plastic cutlery up to 10 times \|first= Beck \|last= Vass \|newspaper= The New Zealand Herald \|date = May 19, 2010 \|access-date= May 8, 2011}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url= http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/airlines-reusing-plastic-cutlery-3557516 \|title= Airlines reusing plastic cutlery \|publisher= Television New Zealand \|date = May 19, 2010 \|access-date= May 8, 2011\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130701061811/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/airlines-reusing-plastic-cutlery-3557516 \|archive-date= July 1, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Airline 'reuses plastic cutlery 30 times' \|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/airline-reuses-plastic-cutlery-30-times/story-e6frfq80-1225867534732 \|first=Caroline \|last=Marcus \|newspaper=The Sunday Telelgraph \|date=May 17, 2010 \|access-date=May 8, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520010122/http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/airline-reuses-plastic-cutlery-30-times/story-e6frfq80-1225867534732 \|archive-date=May 20, 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Reusing [[Tableware\|plastic tablewares]] though is a regular practice among many airliners and [[Food service\|food caterers]]. -{{Clear}} - -For cleanliness, most meals come with a [[napkin]] and a [[wet wipe\|moist towelette]]. First and business class passengers are often provided with [[hot towel]]s. - -===Breakfast=== -[[File:Aeroflot meal 2007.JPG\|thumb\|Breakfast served on a short-haul [[Aeroflot]] flight]] -During morning flights a cooked [[breakfast]] or smaller [[continental breakfast\|continental-style]] may be served. On long haul flights (and short/medium haul flights within Asia) breakfast normally includes an [[entrée]] of [[pancakes]] or [[Egg as food\|eggs]], traditional [[Full breakfast\|fried breakfast]] foods such as [[sausage]]s and grilled [[tomato]]es, and often [[muffin]]s or [[pastry\|pastries]], fruits, and [[breakfast cereal]] on the side. On shorter flights a continental-style breakfast, generally including a miniature box of [[breakfast cereal]], [[fruits]] and either a [[muffin]], [[pastry]], or [[bagel]]. [[Coffee]] and [[tea]] are offered as well, and sometimes [[hot chocolate]]. - -==Cost== - -Food on board a flight is usually free on full-service Asian airlines and on almost all long-distance flights, while they might cost extra on [[low-cost airlines]] or European full-service airline flights. Quality may also fluctuate due to shifts in the economics of the airline industry. - -On long-haul international flights in [[First class travel\|first class]] and [[business class]], most Asian and European airlines serve gourmet meals, while legacy carriers based in the US tend to serve multicourse meals including a cocktail snack, appetizer, [[soup]], [[salad]], [[entrée]] (chicken, beef, fish, or pasta), cheeses with fruit, and [[ice cream]]. Some long-haul flights in first and business class offer such delicacies as [[caviar]], [[champagne]], and [[sorbet]] (intermezzo). - -The cost and availability of meals on US airlines has changed considerably in recent years, as financial pressures have forced some airlines to either begin charging for meals, or abandon them altogether in favor of small snacks, as in the case of [[Southwest Airlines]]. Eliminating free pretzels saved Northwest $2 million annually.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2015}} Nowadays, the main US legacy carriers ([[American Airlines\|American]], [[Delta Air Lines\|Delta]], and [[United Airlines\|United]]) have discontinued full meal service in economy class on short-haul US domestic and North American flights, while retaining it on most intercontinental routes;<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/duringFlight/dining/dining.jsp \|title=American Airlines Inflight Dining, Recipes, Menus And More On \|publisher=Aa.com \|date=October 25, 2012 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122184814/https://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/duringFlight/dining/dining.jsp \|archive-date=January 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/in-flight-services/products/dining.html \|title=Airline Meals & Delta Dining \| Delta Air Lines \|publisher=Delta.com \|date=November 10, 2013 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426101200/http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/in-flight-services/products/dining.html \|archive-date=April 26, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.united.com/web/en-US/content/travel/inflight/dining/default.aspx \|title=United Airlines – Inflight dining \|publisher=United.com \|date=September 22, 2013 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420135620/http://www.united.com/web/en-us/Content/travel/inflight/dining/default.aspx \|archive-date=April 20, 2014 }}</ref> and at least one European carrier, [[Icelandair]], follows this policy on intercontinental runs as well.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.icelandair.us/information/ \|title=Icelandair information: flights to Iceland, destinations, schedules & more – Icelandair \|publisher=Icelandair.us \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213114053/http://www.icelandair.us/information/\|archive-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> - -As of 2018, all 4 major U.S. legacy airlines now offer free snacks on board in economy class. [[United Airlines\|United]] re-introduced free snacks in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://newsroom.united.com/2015-12-09-Free-Snacks-are-Back-United-Airlines-to-Introduce-New-Signature-Snacks\|title=News Releases\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> From April 2016, [[American Airlines\|American]] fully restored free snacks on all domestic flights in economy class.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://en.halalguide.me/news/halal-friendly-airlines-with-halal-menu-options\|title=Halal-friendly airlines with halal menu options\|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Free meals will also be available on certain domestic routes.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20160201/NEWS10/160209995/free-checked-baggage-no-but-have-some-pretzels\|title=Free checked baggage? No, but have some pretzels\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> Delta and Southwest have already been offering free snacks for years.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://qz.com/608139/american-and-united-airlines-are-bringing-back-free-snacks-for-everyone/\|title=American and United Airlines are bringing back free snacks for everyone\|first=Thu-Huong\|last=Ha\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> - -[[Air China]] has reported that each domestic flight's meal requires [[RMB]]50 (US$7.30) while international flights require RMB70 (US$10).<ref>{{cite book\| last = Li\| first = Jiaxiang\| title = My Way The Eight Strategies of Air China Towards Success\| year = 2008\| publisher = Cengage Learning\| location = China\| isbn = 978-981-4239-58-5\| page = 241 }}</ref> However, this figure varies from airline to airline, as some have reported costs to be as low as US$3.50.<ref>[http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx "The Death of the Airline Meal"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312080431/http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx \|date=March 12, 2013 }} [http://moneycentral.msn.com MSN Money] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312080431/http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx \|date=March 12, 2013 }} . Accessed May 2011.</ref> Air China is also minimizing costs by loading only 95% of all meals to reduce leftovers and storing non-perishable foods for emergencies. - -In 1958 [[Pan Am]] and several European airlines entered into a legal dispute over whether certain airline food sandwiches counted as a "meal".<ref>"[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F11F63554127B93C0A8178FD85F4C8585F9 Airline Says Rivals Violate Rule By Epic, Epicurean Sandwiches; Smorgasbord on Bread Hardly a Tidbit, Pan American Protests, Citing Pact Against Meals on Cut-Rate Flights]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. Saturday April 12, 1958. Business Financial, Page 38. Retrieved on January 12, 2010.</ref> - -==Preparation== -[[File:Airline catering.JPG\|thumb\|Food being delivered to an [[American Airlines]] [[Boeing 767]]]] -Meals must generally be prepared on the ground before takeoff. Guillaume de Syon, a history professor at [[Albright College]] who wrote about the history of airline meals,<ref>{{cite book\|last=de Syon\|first=Guillaume\|chapter=Is it Really Better to Travel than to Arrive? Airline Food as a Reflection of Consumer Anxiety\|editor-last=Rubin \|editor-first=Lawrence C. \|title=Food for Thought: Essays on Eating and Culture \| year=2009 \|publisher=McFarland \|pages=199–209 \|url= https://www.academia.edu/1293652 }}</ref> said that the higher [[altitude]]s alter the taste of the food and the function of the [[taste bud]]s; according to de Syon the food may taste "dry and flavorless" as a result of the pressurization and passengers, feeling thirsty due to pressurization, may drink alcohol when they ought to drink water.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/04/29/airlines.gourmet.food.ap/index.html \|date=April 29, 2008 \|title=Airlines enlist gourmet chefs to draw first-class fliers \|publisher=Associated Press/CNN \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915061654/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/04/29/airlines.gourmet.food.ap/index.html \|archive-date=September 15, 2008 }}</ref> Tests have shown that the perception of saltiness and sweetness drops 30% at high altitudes. The low humidity in airline cabins also dries out the nose which decreases olfactory sensors which are essential for tasting flavor in dishes.{{cn\|date=August 2020}} - -Food safety is paramount in the airline catering industry. A case of mass [[food poisoning]] amongst the passengers on an airliner could have disastrous consequences. For example, on February 20, 1992, [[shrimp]] tainted with [[cholera]] was served on [[Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386]]. An elderly passenger died and other passengers fell ill. For this reason catering firms and airlines have worked together to provide a set of industry guidelines specific to the needs of airline catering. The World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering is offered free of charge by the International Flight Service Association.<ref>{{citation\|title=World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering \|url=http://www.ifsachoices.com/WFSG_2010(updated).pdf \|year=2010 \|access-date=December 27, 2013 \|publisher=International Flight Service Association \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228042052/http://www.ifsachoices.com/WFSG_2010%28updated%29.pdf \|archive-date=December 28, 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> - -==See also== -{{Portal\|Aviation\|Food}} -{{col div\|colwidth=20em}} -* [[Bento]] and [[Ekiben]] -* [[Newrest]] -* [[Dnata]] -* [[Do & Co]] -* [[Gate Gourmet]] -* [[Kosher airline meal]] -* [[LSG Sky Chefs]] -* [[Singapore Airport Terminal Services]] (SATS) -* [[TV dinner]] -{{colend}} == References == '
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Lines removed in edit (`removed_lines`)	[ 0 => 'An '''airline meal''', '''airline food''', or '''in-flight meal''' is a [[meal]] served to passengers on board a commercial [[airliner]]. These meals are prepared by specialist [[airline]] [[catering]] services and normally served to passengers using an [[airline service trolley]].', 1 => '', 2 => 'These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and [[travel class\|classes of travel]]. They range from a simple snack or beverage in [[short-haul]] [[economy class]] to a seven-course gourmet meal in a [[First class (aviation)\|first class]] [[long-haul]] flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were [[Airline deregulation\|regulated]] in the American domestic market, food was the primary means airlines differentiated themselves.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Ronalds-Hannon\|first=Elizabeth\|title=Free peanuts on airplanes started out as a marketing ploy\|url=http://qz.com/112310/free-peanuts-on-airplanes-started-out-as-a-marketing-ploy/\|work=Quartz\|publisher=[[The Atlantic Media Company]]\|access-date=August 6, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103105856/http://qz.com/112310/free-peanuts-on-airplanes-started-out-as-a-marketing-ploy/\|archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref>', 3 => '', 4 => '==History==', 5 => 'The first airline meals were served by [[Handley Page Transport]], an airline company founded in 1919, to serve the [[London]]–[[Paris]] route in October of that year.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/history-of-aviation-timeline/interactive-aviation-timeline/british-civil-aviation/1919.aspx \| title = British Civil Aviation in 1919 – Part 1 \| work = Interactive aviation timeline \| publisher = Royal Air Force Museum \| location = London NW9 5LL, United Kingdom \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131011094751/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/history-of-aviation-timeline/interactive-aviation-timeline/british-civil-aviation/1919.aspx \| archive-date = October 11, 2013 \| url-status = live \| access-date = October 11, 2013 \| quote = 11 October: The first airline meals are served by Handley Page Transport, when passengers are offered a pre-packed lunch-box, costing 3 shillings, on their London to Paris service.}}</ref> Passengers could choose from a selection of sandwiches and fruit.<ref>{{cite book\| last = Haigh\| first = Gideon\| title = The Tencyclopedia\| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iwUCBzMHAuwC\| access-date = February 7, 2013\| year = 2004\| publisher = Text Publishing\| isbn = 978-1-920885-35-9 }}</ref>', 6 => '', 7 => '==Contents==', 8 => '[[File:Turkish Airlines Business Class meal, Istanbul—Cairo.jpg\|thumb\|[[Turkish Airlines]] Business class meal on an [[Istanbul Airport\|Istanbul]] to [[Cairo Airport\|Cairo]] flight]]', 9 => '[[File:United Airlines International Economy Meal.JPG\|thumb\|A [[United Airlines]] international economy meal from [[Washington Dulles\|Washington, DC]] to [[Zurich Airport\|Zürich]].]]', 10 => 'The type of food varies depending upon the airline company and class of travel. Meals may be served on one tray or in multiple courses with no tray and with a tablecloth, metal cutlery, and glassware (generally in first and business classes). Often the food is reflective of the culture of the country the airline is based in or the country that the airplane is destined for (e.g. [[Indian cuisine\|Indian]], [[Japanese cuisine\|Japanese]], [[Chinese cuisine\|Chinese]], or [[Western cuisine\|Western]] meals).', 11 => '', 12 => 'The airline dinner typically includes [[meat]] (most commonly [[Chicken as food\|chicken]] or [[beef]]), [[Fish (food)\|fish]], or pasta; a [[salad]] or [[vegetable]]; a small [[bread roll]] (with [[butter]]); and a [[dessert]]. [[Condiments]] (typically [[edible salt\|salt]], [[black pepper\|pepper]], and [[sugar]]) are supplied in small [[sachet (package)\|sachets]] or [[Salt and pepper shakers\|shakers]].', 13 => '', 14 => 'Caterers usually produce alternative meals for passengers with restrictive diets. These must usually be ordered at least 24 hours in advance, sometimes when buying the ticket. Some of the more common examples include:', 15 => '* Cultural diets, such as [[Turkish cuisine\|Turkish]], [[French cuisine\|French]], [[Italian cuisine\|Italian]], [[Chinese cuisine\|Chinese]], [[Japanese cuisine\|Japanese]], [[Korean cuisine\|Korean]], or [[Indian cuisine\|Indian]] style.', 16 => '* [[Baby food\|Infant and baby meals]]. Some airlines also offer [[Kids' meal\|children's meals]], containing foods that children will enjoy such as [[baked beans]], mini-[[hamburger]]s, and [[hot dog]]s.', 17 => '* Medical diets, including low/high [[Dietary fiber\|fiber]], low [[fat]]/[[cholesterol]], [[Diabetic diet\|diabetic]], [[Peanut allergy\|peanut free]], [[Lactose intolerance#Avoiding lactose-containing products\|non-lactose]], low [[salt]]/[[Low sodium diet\|sodium]], [[Gout#Lifestyle\|low-purine]], [[Calorie restriction\|low-calorie]], [[Low-protein diet\|low-protein]], bland (non-spicy), and [[Gluten-free diet\|gluten-free]] meals.', 18 => '* Religious diets, including [[kosher]], [[halal]], and [[Vegetarianism in Hinduism\|Hindu]], [[Buddhist vegetarianism\|Buddhist]], and [[Jain vegetarianism\|Jain]] vegetarian.', 19 => '* [[ovo-lacto vegetarian\|Vegetarian]] meals, typically further defined as either lacto-ovo or [[vegan]] meals. These meals may follow a particular cuisine such as Asian cuisine or Western cuisine.', 20 => '', 21 => '===Halal food===', 22 => 'For several Islamic and Middle Eastern airlines, in accordance with [[Islamic dietary laws\|Islamic customs]], all classes and dishes on the plane are served a Muslim meal with [[Halal]] certification – without [[pork]] and [[alcohol (drug)\|alcohol]]. While [[Emirates Airlines\|Emirates]], [[Etihad Airways]], [[Oman Air]], and [[Qatar Airways]] provide bottles of wine to non-Muslim passengers, the cabin crew does not deliver alcoholic beverages lest they violate Islamic customs, unless those non-Muslim passengers specifically request it. [[Turkish Airlines]] does not serve any meals with pork or lard, but especially during international flights, a variety of alcoholic beverages are served upon request.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://liveandletsfly.boardingarea.com/2017/04/14/turkish-airlines-economy-class-meals/\|title=What Kind of Food Does Turkish Airlines Serve in Longhaul Economy? - Live and Let's Fly\|date=2017-04-15\|work=Live and Let's Fly\|access-date=2018-11-20\|language=en-US}}</ref> Because [[Iran]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] apply strict [[Sharia]] regulations, those countries' airlines, e.g. [[Iran Air]], [[Mahan Air]], and [[Saudi Airlines]], do not deliver pork or alcoholic beverages, and all airlines flying to or from Iran or Saudi Arabia are prohibited from serving either.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://en.halalguide.me/news/halal-friendly-airlines-with-halal-menu-options\|title=Halal-friendly airlines with halal menu options\|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> However, [[Garuda Indonesia]] serves alcoholic beverages (whiskey, beer, champagne, and wine) to non-Muslim passengers.', 23 => '', 24 => '===Kosher food===', 25 => '{{main\|Kosher airline meal}} ', 26 => '[[File:Kosher BethDin.jpg\|thumb\|Inflight kosher meal approved by the [[Beth din]] of [[Johannesburg]]]]', 27 => 'In the case of [[Israel]]i airlines [[El Al]], [[Arkia]], and [[Israir]], all meals served are [[kosher]]-certified by [[Rabbi]]s. Even at destinations outside Israel, sky chefs must be supervised by rabbis to make kosher meals and load their planes.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2016}} Many other airlines also supply kosher-certified meals, which they buy in from outside certified providers and are supplied to the passengers sealed. These may contain food in double-wrapped foil containers which can be heated up in the plane oven, alongside non-kosher food, without breaking the appropriate dietary laws.', 28 => '', 29 => '===Cutlery and tableware===', 30 => 'Before the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], first class passengers were often provided with full sets of metal cutlery. Afterward, common household items were evaluated more closely for their potential use as weapons on aircraft, and both [[first class travel\|first class]] and [[Economy class\|coach class]] passengers were restricted to plastic utensils. Some airlines switched from metal to all-plastic or plastic-handled cutlery during the [[SARS]] outbreak in 2003, since the SARS virus transfers from person to person easily, and [[plastic cutlery]] can be thrown away after use. Many airlines later switched back to metal cutlery. However, some airlines such as [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Japan Airlines]], [[Emirates (airline)\|Emirates]], [[Garuda Indonesia]], and [[Swiss International Air Lines]] continue to use metal utensils even in economy class as of 2019.', 31 => '', 32 => 'Some airlines also made the switch to plastic cutlery in economy class to recover costs resulting from passenger [[theft]], of which metal cutlery tends to be a common item targeted.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Elliot \|first1=Christopher \|title=Theft from planes: Passengers are stealing pillows, blankets, cups and life jackets \|url=http://www.traveller.com.au/theft-from-planes-passengers-are-stealing-pillows-blankets-cups-and-life-jackets-h16jz1 \|website=Traveller AU \|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref>', 33 => '', 34 => 'In May 2010, concerns were raised in Australia and New Zealand over their respective flag carriers, [[Qantas]] and [[Air New Zealand]], reusing their plastic cutlery for international flights between 10 and 30 times before replacement. Both airlines cited cost saving, international quarantine, and environmental as the reasons for the choice. Both have also said that the plastic cutlery is commercially washed and [[Sterilization (microbiology)\|sterilized]] before reuse.<ref>{{cite news \|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10645963 \|title= Airlines use plastic cutlery up to 10 times \|first= Beck \|last= Vass \|newspaper= The New Zealand Herald \|date = May 19, 2010 \|access-date= May 8, 2011}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url= http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/airlines-reusing-plastic-cutlery-3557516 \|title= Airlines reusing plastic cutlery \|publisher= Television New Zealand \|date = May 19, 2010 \|access-date= May 8, 2011\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130701061811/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/airlines-reusing-plastic-cutlery-3557516 \|archive-date= July 1, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Airline 'reuses plastic cutlery 30 times' \|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/airline-reuses-plastic-cutlery-30-times/story-e6frfq80-1225867534732 \|first=Caroline \|last=Marcus \|newspaper=The Sunday Telelgraph \|date=May 17, 2010 \|access-date=May 8, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520010122/http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/airline-reuses-plastic-cutlery-30-times/story-e6frfq80-1225867534732 \|archive-date=May 20, 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Reusing [[Tableware\|plastic tablewares]] though is a regular practice among many airliners and [[Food service\|food caterers]].', 35 => '{{Clear}}', 36 => '', 37 => 'For cleanliness, most meals come with a [[napkin]] and a [[wet wipe\|moist towelette]]. First and business class passengers are often provided with [[hot towel]]s.', 38 => '', 39 => '===Breakfast===', 40 => '[[File:Aeroflot meal 2007.JPG\|thumb\|Breakfast served on a short-haul [[Aeroflot]] flight]]', 41 => 'During morning flights a cooked [[breakfast]] or smaller [[continental breakfast\|continental-style]] may be served. On long haul flights (and short/medium haul flights within Asia) breakfast normally includes an [[entrée]] of [[pancakes]] or [[Egg as food\|eggs]], traditional [[Full breakfast\|fried breakfast]] foods such as [[sausage]]s and grilled [[tomato]]es, and often [[muffin]]s or [[pastry\|pastries]], fruits, and [[breakfast cereal]] on the side. On shorter flights a continental-style breakfast, generally including a miniature box of [[breakfast cereal]], [[fruits]] and either a [[muffin]], [[pastry]], or [[bagel]]. [[Coffee]] and [[tea]] are offered as well, and sometimes [[hot chocolate]].', 42 => '', 43 => '==Cost==', 44 => '', 45 => 'Food on board a flight is usually free on full-service Asian airlines and on almost all long-distance flights, while they might cost extra on [[low-cost airlines]] or European full-service airline flights. Quality may also fluctuate due to shifts in the economics of the airline industry.', 46 => '', 47 => 'On long-haul international flights in [[First class travel\|first class]] and [[business class]], most Asian and European airlines serve gourmet meals, while legacy carriers based in the US tend to serve multicourse meals including a cocktail snack, appetizer, [[soup]], [[salad]], [[entrée]] (chicken, beef, fish, or pasta), cheeses with fruit, and [[ice cream]]. Some long-haul flights in first and business class offer such delicacies as [[caviar]], [[champagne]], and [[sorbet]] (intermezzo).', 48 => '', 49 => 'The cost and availability of meals on US airlines has changed considerably in recent years, as financial pressures have forced some airlines to either begin charging for meals, or abandon them altogether in favor of small snacks, as in the case of [[Southwest Airlines]]. Eliminating free pretzels saved Northwest $2 million annually.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2015}} Nowadays, the main US legacy carriers ([[American Airlines\|American]], [[Delta Air Lines\|Delta]], and [[United Airlines\|United]]) have discontinued full meal service in economy class on short-haul US domestic and North American flights, while retaining it on most intercontinental routes;<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/duringFlight/dining/dining.jsp \|title=American Airlines Inflight Dining, Recipes, Menus And More On \|publisher=Aa.com \|date=October 25, 2012 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122184814/https://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/duringFlight/dining/dining.jsp \|archive-date=January 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/in-flight-services/products/dining.html \|title=Airline Meals & Delta Dining \| Delta Air Lines \|publisher=Delta.com \|date=November 10, 2013 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426101200/http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/in-flight-services/products/dining.html \|archive-date=April 26, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.united.com/web/en-US/content/travel/inflight/dining/default.aspx \|title=United Airlines – Inflight dining \|publisher=United.com \|date=September 22, 2013 \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420135620/http://www.united.com/web/en-us/Content/travel/inflight/dining/default.aspx \|archive-date=April 20, 2014 }}</ref> and at least one European carrier, [[Icelandair]], follows this policy on intercontinental runs as well.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.icelandair.us/information/ \|title=Icelandair information: flights to Iceland, destinations, schedules & more – Icelandair \|publisher=Icelandair.us \|access-date=December 11, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213114053/http://www.icelandair.us/information/\|archive-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref>', 50 => '', 51 => 'As of 2018, all 4 major U.S. legacy airlines now offer free snacks on board in economy class. [[United Airlines\|United]] re-introduced free snacks in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://newsroom.united.com/2015-12-09-Free-Snacks-are-Back-United-Airlines-to-Introduce-New-Signature-Snacks\|title=News Releases\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> From April 2016, [[American Airlines\|American]] fully restored free snacks on all domestic flights in economy class.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://en.halalguide.me/news/halal-friendly-airlines-with-halal-menu-options\|title=Halal-friendly airlines with halal menu options\|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Free meals will also be available on certain domestic routes.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20160201/NEWS10/160209995/free-checked-baggage-no-but-have-some-pretzels\|title=Free checked baggage? No, but have some pretzels\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> Delta and Southwest have already been offering free snacks for years.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://qz.com/608139/american-and-united-airlines-are-bringing-back-free-snacks-for-everyone/\|title=American and United Airlines are bringing back free snacks for everyone\|first=Thu-Huong\|last=Ha\|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref>', 52 => '', 53 => '[[Air China]] has reported that each domestic flight's meal requires [[RMB]]50 (US$7.30) while international flights require RMB70 (US$10).<ref>{{cite book\| last = Li\| first = Jiaxiang\| title = My Way The Eight Strategies of Air China Towards Success\| year = 2008\| publisher = Cengage Learning\| location = China\| isbn = 978-981-4239-58-5\| page = 241 }}</ref> However, this figure varies from airline to airline, as some have reported costs to be as low as US$3.50.<ref>[http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx "The Death of the Airline Meal"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312080431/http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx \|date=March 12, 2013 }} [http://moneycentral.msn.com MSN Money] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312080431/http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/TravelForLess/TheDeathOfTheAirlineMeal.aspx \|date=March 12, 2013 }} . Accessed May 2011.</ref> Air China is also minimizing costs by loading only 95% of all meals to reduce leftovers and storing non-perishable foods for emergencies.', 54 => '', 55 => 'In 1958 [[Pan Am]] and several European airlines entered into a legal dispute over whether certain airline food sandwiches counted as a "meal".<ref>"[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F11F63554127B93C0A8178FD85F4C8585F9 Airline Says Rivals Violate Rule By Epic, Epicurean Sandwiches; Smorgasbord on Bread Hardly a Tidbit, Pan American Protests, Citing Pact Against Meals on Cut-Rate Flights]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. Saturday April 12, 1958. Business Financial, Page 38. Retrieved on January 12, 2010.</ref>', 56 => '', 57 => '==Preparation==', 58 => '[[File:Airline catering.JPG\|thumb\|Food being delivered to an [[American Airlines]] [[Boeing 767]]]]', 59 => 'Meals must generally be prepared on the ground before takeoff. Guillaume de Syon, a history professor at [[Albright College]] who wrote about the history of airline meals,<ref>{{cite book\|last=de Syon\|first=Guillaume\|chapter=Is it Really Better to Travel than to Arrive? Airline Food as a Reflection of Consumer Anxiety\|editor-last=Rubin \|editor-first=Lawrence C. \|title=Food for Thought: Essays on Eating and Culture \| year=2009 \|publisher=McFarland \|pages=199–209 \|url= https://www.academia.edu/1293652 }}</ref> said that the higher [[altitude]]s alter the taste of the food and the function of the [[taste bud]]s; according to de Syon the food may taste "dry and flavorless" as a result of the pressurization and passengers, feeling thirsty due to pressurization, may drink alcohol when they ought to drink water.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/04/29/airlines.gourmet.food.ap/index.html \|date=April 29, 2008 \|title=Airlines enlist gourmet chefs to draw first-class fliers \|publisher=Associated Press/CNN \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915061654/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/04/29/airlines.gourmet.food.ap/index.html \|archive-date=September 15, 2008 }}</ref> Tests have shown that the perception of saltiness and sweetness drops 30% at high altitudes. The low humidity in airline cabins also dries out the nose which decreases olfactory sensors which are essential for tasting flavor in dishes.{{cn\|date=August 2020}}', 60 => '', 61 => 'Food safety is paramount in the airline catering industry. A case of mass [[food poisoning]] amongst the passengers on an airliner could have disastrous consequences. For example, on February 20, 1992, [[shrimp]] tainted with [[cholera]] was served on [[Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386]]. An elderly passenger died and other passengers fell ill. For this reason catering firms and airlines have worked together to provide a set of industry guidelines specific to the needs of airline catering. The World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering is offered free of charge by the International Flight Service Association.<ref>{{citation\|title=World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering \|url=http://www.ifsachoices.com/WFSG_2010(updated).pdf \|year=2010 \|access-date=December 27, 2013 \|publisher=International Flight Service Association \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228042052/http://www.ifsachoices.com/WFSG_2010%28updated%29.pdf \|archive-date=December 28, 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>', 62 => '', 63 => '==See also==', 64 => '{{Portal\|Aviation\|Food}}', 65 => '{{col div\|colwidth=20em}}', 66 => '* [[Bento]] and [[Ekiben]]', 67 => '* [[Newrest]]', 68 => '* [[Dnata]]', 69 => '* [[Do & Co]]', 70 => '* [[Gate Gourmet]]', 71 => '* [[Kosher airline meal]]', 72 => '* [[LSG Sky Chefs]]', 73 => '* [[Singapore Airport Terminal Services]] (SATS)', 74 => '* [[TV dinner]]', 75 => '{{colend}}' ]
All external links added in the edit (`added_links`)	[]
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (`new_html`)	'<div class="mw-parser-output"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Airline_meal&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Airline+meal%22">"Airline meal"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Airline+meal%22+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22Airline+meal%22+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Airline+meal%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Airline+meal%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Airline+meal%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <small 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class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DO_%26_CO_Catering_-_8968355090.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Do_%26_Co" title="Do & Co">Do & Co</a> à la carte meal as served aboard <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austrian_Airlines" title="Austrian Airlines">Austrian Airlines</a> flights</div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Airline_meal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Airline_meal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Airline_meals" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Airline meals"><span style="">Airline meals</span></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li>Airline <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/catalog/inu-ead-trans-001">menus</a> from 1929 to the present at Northwestern University</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Airline_catering" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Airline_catering" title="Template:Airline catering"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Airline_catering" title="Template talk:Airline catering"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Airline_catering&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Airline_catering" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Airline catering</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_service_trolley" title="Airline service trolley">Airline service trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buy_on_board" title="Buy on board">Buy on board</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)#Aviation_kitchen" title="Galley (kitchen)">Galley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dnata" title="Dnata">Dnata</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Do_%26_Co" title="Do & Co">Do & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emirates_Flight_Catering" title="Emirates Flight Catering">Emirates Flight Catering</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gategroup" title="Gategroup">Gategroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Servair" title="Servair">Servair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LSG_Sky_Chefs" class="mw-redirect" title="LSG Sky Chefs">LSG Sky Chefs</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Catering" title="Royal Brunei Catering">Royal Brunei Catering</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SATS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SATS Ltd">SATS Ltd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commercial_aviation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Commercial_air_travel" title="Template:Commercial air travel"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_air_travel" title="Template talk:Commercial air travel"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Commercial_air_travel&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commercial_aviation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercial_aviation" title="Commercial aviation">Commercial aviation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_codes" title="Airline codes">Airline codes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_airline_holding_companies" title="List of airline holding companies">Airline holding companies</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cargo_airline" title="Cargo airline">Cargo airline</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_charter_airlines" title="List of charter airlines">Charter airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_low-cost_airlines" title="List of low-cost airlines">Low-cost airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-scheduled_airline" title="Non-scheduled airline">Non-scheduled airline</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_passenger_airlines" title="List of passenger airlines">Passenger airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_regional_airlines" title="List of regional airlines">Regional airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_alliance" title="Airline alliance">Alliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oneworld" title="Oneworld">Oneworld</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SkyTeam" title="SkyTeam">SkyTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Value_Alliance" title="Value Alliance">Value Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanilla_Alliance" title="Vanilla Alliance">Vanilla Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U-FLY_Alliance" title="U-FLY Alliance">U-FLY Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>International <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Airline_Cooperative" title="The Airline Cooperative">ACO</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_Transport_Action_Group" title="Air Transport Action Group">ATAG</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association" title="International Air Transport Association">IATA</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Association_of_Travel_Agents_Network" title="International Association of Travel Agents Network">IATAN</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Society_of_Transport_Aircraft_Trading" title="International Society of Transport Aircraft Trading">ISTAT</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airlines_for_America" title="Airlines for America">A4A</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regional_Airline_Association" title="Regional Airline Association">RAA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airlines_for_Europe" title="Airlines for Europe">A4E</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_of_European_Airlines" title="Association of European Airlines">AEA</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Business_Aviation_Association" title="European Business Aviation Association">EBAA</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Low_Fares_Airline_Association" title="European Low Fares Airline Association">ELFAA</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Regions_Airline_Association" title="European Regions Airline Association">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other regions <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arab_Air_Carriers_Organization" title="Arab Air Carriers Organization">AACO</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_of_Asia_Pacific_Airlines" title="Association of Asia Pacific Airlines">AAPA</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/African_Airlines_Association" title="African Airlines Association">AFRAA</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regional_Aviation_Association_of_Australia" title="Regional Aviation Association of Australia">RAAA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircrew" title="Aircrew">Aircrew</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pilot_in_command" title="Pilot in command">Pilot in command</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_officer_(aviation)" title="First officer (aviation)">First officer</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_officer_(aviation)" title="Second officer (aviation)">Second officer</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_officer_(aviation)" title="Third officer (aviation)">Third officer</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flight_attendant" title="Flight attendant">Flight attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flight_engineer" title="Flight engineer">Flight engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loadmaster" title="Loadmaster">Loadmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Aircraft pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purser#Aircraft" title="Purser">Purser</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_class_(aviation)" title="First class (aviation)">First class</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_class" title="Business class">Business class</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Premium_economy_class" title="Premium economy class">Premium economy class</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_class" title="Economy class">Economy class</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basic_economy_class" title="Basic economy class">Basic economy class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_cabin" title="Aircraft cabin">Aircraft cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">Aircraft lavatory</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_seat_map" title="Aircraft seat map">Aircraft seat map</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_seat" title="Airline seat">Airline seat</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buy_on_board" title="Buy on board">Buy on board</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crew_rest_compartment" title="Crew rest compartment">Crew rest compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/In-flight_entertainment" title="In-flight entertainment">In-flight entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inflight_smoking" title="Inflight smoking">Inflight smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">Galley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sickness_bag" title="Sickness bag">Sickness bag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">Aerodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">Airline hub</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_check-in" title="Airport check-in">Airport check-in</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_lounge" title="Airport lounge">Airport lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">Airport terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airstair" title="Airstair">Airstair</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domestic_airport" title="Domestic airport">Domestic airport</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gate_(airport)" title="Gate (airport)">Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International airport</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jet_bridge" title="Jet bridge">Jet bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low-cost_carrier_terminal" title="Low-cost carrier terminal">Low-cost carrier terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">Runway</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transit_hotel" title="Transit hotel">Transit hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigration</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arrival_card" title="Arrival card">Arrival card</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">Border control</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Departure_card" title="Departure card">Departure card</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timatic" title="Timatic">Timatic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_document" title="Travel document">Travel document</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation" title="Environmental impact of aviation">Environmental impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypermobility_(travel)" title="Hypermobility (travel)">Hypermobility</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation" title="Environmental impact of aviation">Environmental impact of aviation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aviation_law" title="Aviation law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_transport_agreement" title="Air transport agreement">Air transport agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bermuda_Agreement" title="Bermuda Agreement">Bermuda Agreement</a> (UK–US, 1946–1978)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bermuda_II_Agreement" title="Bermuda II Agreement">Bermuda II Agreement</a> (UK–US, 1978–2008)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_route_authority_between_the_United_States_and_China" title="Air route authority between the United States and China">China-US</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_charter" title="Cross-Strait charter">Cross-Strait charter</a> (China–Taiwan)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beijing_Convention" title="Beijing Convention">Beijing Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cape_Town_Treaty" title="Cape Town Treaty">Cape Town Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicago_Convention_on_International_Civil_Aviation" title="Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation">Chicago Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convention_on_the_Marking_of_Plastic_Explosives" title="Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives">Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flight_permit" title="Flight permit">Flight permit</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedoms_of_the_air" title="Freedoms of the air">Freedoms of the air</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hague_Hijacking_Convention" title="Hague Hijacking Convention">Hague Hijacking Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hague_Protocol" title="Hague Protocol">Hague Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montreal_Convention" title="Montreal Convention">Montreal Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedoms_of_the_air" title="Freedoms of the air">Freedoms of the air</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/EU%E2%80%93US_Open_Skies_Agreement" title="EU–US Open Skies Agreement">EU–US Open Skies Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris_Convention_of_1919" title="Paris Convention of 1919">Paris Convention of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome_Convention_on_Damage_Caused_by_Foreign_Aircraft_to_Third_Parties_on_the_Surface" title="Rome Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface">Rome Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convention_for_the_Suppression_of_Unlawful_Acts_against_the_Safety_of_Civil_Aviation" title="Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation">Sabotage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokyo_Convention" title="Tokyo Convention">Tokyo Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warsaw_Convention" title="Warsaw Convention">Warsaw Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage" title="Baggage">Baggage</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bag_tag" title="Bag tag">Bag tag</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_allowance" title="Baggage allowance">Baggage allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_carousel" title="Baggage carousel">Baggage carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_cart" title="Baggage cart">Baggage cart</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_reclaim" title="Baggage reclaim">Baggage reclaim</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_handler" title="Baggage handler">Baggage handler</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_handling_system" title="Baggage handling system">Baggage handling system</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hand_luggage" title="Hand luggage">Hand luggage</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_luggage" title="Lost luggage">Lost luggage</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luggage_lock" title="Luggage lock">Luggage lock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aviation_safety" title="Aviation safety">Aviation safety</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_Navigation_and_Transport_Act" title="Air Navigation and Transport Act">Air Navigation and Transport Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_rage" title="Air rage">Air rage</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">Air traffic control</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_safety_card" title="Aircraft safety card">Aircraft safety card</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_authority" title="Airport authority">Airport authority</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_police" title="Airport police">Airport police</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brace_position" title="Brace position">Brace position</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evacuation_slide" title="Evacuation slide">Evacuation slide</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">Flight recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_aviation_authority" title="National aviation authority">National aviation authority</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Overwing_exits" title="Overwing exits">Overwing exits</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pre-flight_safety_demonstration" title="Pre-flight safety demonstration">Pre-flight safety demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sky_marshal" title="Sky marshal">Sky marshal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_ticket" title="Airline ticket">Airline tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_booking_ploys" title="Airline booking ploys">Airline booking ploys</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_reservations_system" title="Airline reservations system">Airline reservations system</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_ticket" title="Airline ticket">Airline ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airline_timetable" title="Airline timetable">Airline timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bereavement_flight" title="Bereavement flight">Bereavement flight</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boarding_pass" title="Boarding pass">Boarding pass</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Codeshare_agreement" title="Codeshare agreement">Codeshare agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Continent_pass" title="Continent pass">Continent pass</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electronic_ticket" title="Electronic ticket">Electronic ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fare_basis_code" title="Fare basis code">Fare basis code</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flight_cancellation_and_delay" title="Flight cancellation and delay">Flight cancellation and delay</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">Frequent-flyer program</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_contract_flight" title="Government contract flight">Government contract flight</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One-way_travel" title="One-way travel">One-way travel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open-jaw_ticket" title="Open-jaw ticket">Open-jaw ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Passenger_name_record" title="Passenger name record">Passenger name record</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red-eye_flight" title="Red-eye flight">Red-eye flight</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Round-the-world_ticket" title="Round-the-world ticket">Round-the-world ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standby_(air_travel)" title="Standby (air travel)">Standby</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracking_(commercial_airline_flight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracking (commercial airline flight)">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_agency" title="Travel agency">Travel agency</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_website" title="Travel website">Travel website</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Groundcrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Groundcrew">Groundcrew</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_maintenance_technician" title="Aircraft maintenance technician">Aircraft maintenance technician</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aircraft_ground_handling" title="Aircraft ground handling">Aircraft ground handling</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baggage_handler" title="Baggage handler">Baggage handler</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flight_dispatcher" title="Flight dispatcher">Flight dispatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aviation_taxation_and_subsidies" title="Aviation taxation and subsidies">Aviation taxation and subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mile_high_club" title="Mile high club">Mile high club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Meals_navbox" title="Template:Meals navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Meals_navbox" title="Template talk:Meals navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Meals_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common meals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suhur" title="Suhur">Suhur</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast">Breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_breakfast" title="Second breakfast">Second breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elevenses" title="Elevenses">Elevenses</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brunch" title="Brunch">Brunch</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lunch" title="Lunch">Lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merienda" title="Merienda">Merienda</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Coffee break</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">Dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supper" title="Supper">Supper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components<br />and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Course_(food)" title="Course (food)">courses</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre" title="Hors d'oeuvre">Hors d'oeuvre</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amuse-bouche" title="Amuse-bouche">Amuse-bouche</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e" title="Entrée">Entrée</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">Side dish</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Entremets" title="Entremets">Entremets</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">Dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Savoury_(dish)" title="Savoury (dish)">Savoury</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meal_replacement" title="Meal replacement">Meal replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">Snack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foodservice#Table_service" title="Foodservice">Table service</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conveyor_belt_sushi" title="Conveyor belt sushi">Conveyor belt sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">Dish</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finger_food" title="Finger food">Finger food</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Full_course_dinner" title="Full course dinner">Full course dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Platter_(dinner)" title="Platter (dinner)">Platter</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Service à la française">Service à la française</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_russe" title="Service à la russe">Service à la russe</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silver_service" title="Silver service">Silver service</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Small_plates" title="Small plates">Small plates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Table_reservation" title="Table reservation">Table reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presentation</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_fresco_dining" class="mw-redirect" title="Al fresco dining">Al fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_eating_utensils" title="List of eating utensils">Eating utensils</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Food_presentation" title="Food presentation">Food presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garnish_(food)" title="Garnish (food)">Garnish</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nyotaimori" title="Nyotaimori">Nyotaimori</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_mont%C3%A9e" title="Pièce montée">Pièce montée</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serving_size" title="Serving size">Serving size</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Table_setting" title="Table setting">Table setting</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tablecloth" title="Tablecloth">Tablecloth</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tableware" title="Tableware">Tableware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dining</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Table_manners" title="Table manners">Table manners</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eating_utensil_etiquette" title="Eating utensil etiquette">Eating utensil etiquette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">Toast</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waiting_staff" title="Waiting staff">Waiting staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional styles</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anju_(food)" title="Anju (food)">Anju</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antipasto" title="Antipasto">Antipasto</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cicchetti" title="Cicchetti">Cicchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">Banchan</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_table_d%27h%C3%B4te" title="Korean table d'hôte">Korean table d'hôte</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bandeja_paisa" title="Bandeja paisa">Bandeja paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dastarkh%C4%81n" title="Dastarkhān">Dastarkhān</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fika_(Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fika (Sweden)">Fika</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">Izakaya</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakana" title="Sakana">Sakana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaiseki" title="Kaiseki">Kaiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meat_and_three" title="Meat and three">Meat and three</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plate_lunch" title="Plate lunch">Plate lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pu_pu_platter" title="Pu pu platter">Pu pu platter</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rijsttafel" title="Rijsttafel">Rijsttafel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sadhya" title="Sadhya">Sadhya</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" title="Smörgåsbord">Smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">Thali</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zakuski" title="Zakuski">Zakuski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packed</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">Bento</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Convenience food</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dosirak" title="Dosirak">Dosirak</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Instant_breakfast" title="Instant breakfast">Instant breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Packed_lunch" title="Packed lunch">Packed lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Take-out" title="Take-out">Take-out</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TV_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="TV dinner">TV dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Menu" title="Menu">Menus</a> and<br />meal deals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C3%80_la_carte" title="À la carte">À la carte</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue-plate_special" title="Blue-plate special">Blue-plate special</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combination_meal" title="Combination meal">Combination meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_lunch" title="Free lunch">Free lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_refill" title="Free refill">Free refill</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Happy_hour" title="Happy hour">Happy hour</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kids%27_meal" title="Kids' meal">Kids' meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/School_meal" title="School meal">School meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suspended_meal" title="Suspended meal">Suspended meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Table_d%27h%C3%B4te" title="Table d'hôte">Table d'hôte</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasting_menu" title="Tasting menu">Tasting menu</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Degustation" title="Degustation">Degustation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Value_meal" title="Value meal">Value meal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Value_menu" title="Value menu">Value menu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Communal_meal" title="Communal meal">Communal meals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">Commercium</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Communal_dining" title="Communal dining">Communal dining</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dining_in" title="Dining in">Dining in</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Mangal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potluck" title="Potluck">Potluck</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sittning" title="Sittning">Sittning</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_banquet" title="State banquet">State banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supra_(feast)" title="Supra (feast)">Supra</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tableround" title="Tableround">Tableround</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a> and<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">food delivery</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_food_ordering" title="Online food ordering">Online food ordering</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ghost_kitchen" title="Ghost kitchen">Ghost kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meal_delivery_service" title="Meal delivery service">Meal delivery service</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_restaurant" title="Virtual restaurant">Virtual restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places to eat</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tavern" title="Tavern">Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Traiteur_(culinary_profession)" title="Traiteur (culinary profession)">Traiteur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">Coffee culture</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cook_(profession)" title="Cook (profession)">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eating" title="Eating">Eating</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_food_preparation" title="Outline of food preparation">Outline of food preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tea_culture" title="Tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salumeria" title="Salumeria">Salumeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Meals" title="Category:Meals">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="Commons page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meals" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meals">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> '
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (`tor_exit_node`)	false
Unix timestamp of change (`timestamp`)	1617990398