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null
Name of the user account (user_name)
'209.37.68.114'
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Page title without namespace (page_title)
'Comet tail'
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle)
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Edit summary/reason (summary)
''
Old content model (old_content_model)
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New content model (new_content_model)
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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext)
'{{multiple image |align=right |direction=horizontal |total_width=325 |image1=Comet Parts.svg |caption1=Diagram of a comet showing the dust tail, the dust trail (or [[antitail]]) and the ion gas tail, which is formed by the solar wind flow. |image2=Iss030e015472 Edit.jpg |caption2=[[C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)|Comet Lovejoy]] photographed in 2011 by astronaut Dan Burbank from the International Space Station }} [[File:17pHolmes 071104 eder vga.jpg|thumb|[[Comet Holmes]] (17P/Holmes) in 2007 showing blue ion tail on right]] [[File:Comet and tail animation.gif|thumb|Animation of a comet's tail]] A '''comet tail'''—and [[Coma (cometary)|coma]]—are features visible in [[Comet|comets]] when they are illuminated by the [[Sun]] and may become visible from [[Earth]] when a [[comet]] passes through the inner [[Solar System]]. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, [[solar radiation]] causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. Separate tails are formed of dust and gases, becoming visible through different phenomena; the dust reflects sunlight directly and the gases glow from [[ion]]isation. Most comets are too faint to be visible without the aid of a [[telescope]], but a few each decade become bright enough to be visible to the [[naked eye]]. == Tail formation == [[File:Cometorbit01.svg|thumb|left|250px|A comet's orbit showing the different directions of the gas and dust tails as the comet passes the Sun]] In the outer [[Solar System]], comets remain frozen and are extremely difficult or impossible to detect from Earth due to their small size. Statistical detections of inactive comet nuclei in the [[Kuiper belt]] have been reported from the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] observations,<ref name="Cochran1995">{{cite journal |last1=Cochran |first1=A. L. |last2=Levison |first2=H. F. |last3=Stern |first3=S. A. |last4=Duncan |first4=J. |title=The Discovery of Halley-sized Kuiper Belt Objects Using the Hubble Space Telescope |bibcode=1995ApJ...455..342C |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=455 |page=342 |year=1995 |doi=10.1086/176581 |arxiv=astro-ph/9509100|s2cid=118159645 }}</ref><ref name="Cochran1998">{{cite journal |last1=Cochran |first1=A. L. |last2=Levison |first2=H. F. |last3=Tamblyn |first3=P. |last4=Stern |first4=S. A. |last5=Duncan |first5=J. |title=The Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Kuiper Belt Object Search: Setting the Record Straight |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |volume=503 |issue=1 |page=L89 |year=1998 |doi=10.1086/311515 |bibcode=1998ApJ...503L..89C |arxiv=astro-ph/9806210|s2cid=18215327 }}</ref> but these detections have been questioned,<ref name="Brown1997">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Michael E. |last2=Kulkarni |first2=S. R. |last3=Liggett |first3=T. J. |title=An Analysis of the Statistics of the Hubble Space Telescope Kuiper Belt Object Search |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |volume=490 |issue=1 |page=L119 |year=1997 |doi=10.1086/311009 |bibcode=1997ApJ...490L.119B|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Jewitt1996">{{cite journal |last1=Jewitt |first1=David C. |author-link=David C. Jewitt |last2=Luu |first2=Jane |last3=Chen |first3=J. |title=The Mauna Kea-Cerro-Tololo (MKCT) Kuiper Belt and Centaur Survey |bibcode=1996AJ....112.1225J |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=112 |issue=3 |page=1225 |year=1996 |doi=10.1086/118093}}</ref> and have not yet been independently confirmed. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, [[solar radiation]] causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. The streams of [[Cosmic dust|dust]] and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called the ''[[coma (cometary)|coma]]'', and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's [[radiation pressure]] and [[solar wind]] cause an enormous ''tail'' to form, which points away from the Sun. The streams of dust and gas each form their own distinct tail, pointing in slightly different directions. The tail of dust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail called the [[antitail]], only when it seems that it is directed towards the Sun. At the same time, the ion tail, made of gases, always points along the streamlines of the solar wind as it is strongly affected by the magnetic field of the plasma of the solar wind. The ion tail follows the magnetic field lines rather than an orbital trajectory. [[Parallax]] viewing from the Earth may sometimes mean the tails appear to point in opposite directions.<ref>{{cite web |last=McKenna |first=M. |title=Chasing an Anti-Tail |url=http://www.asod.info/?p=1019 |publisher=Astronomy Sketch of the Day |date=May 20, 2008 |access-date=February 25, 2009}}</ref> == Size == While the solid nucleus of comets is generally less than 30&nbsp;km across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and ion tails have been observed to extend {{convert|3.8|AU|abbr=out|lk=on|Gm e6mi}}.<ref name="Yeoman">{{cite web |last=Yeomans |first=Donald K. |title=Comet |url=http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/comet_worldbook.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429084558/http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/comet_worldbook.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 29, 2005 |work=World Book Online Reference Center |publisher=[[World Book]] |year=2005 |access-date=December 27, 2008 }}</ref> The [[Ulysses (spacecraft)|''Ulysses'' spacecraft]] made an unexpected pass through the tail of the comet [[C/2006 P1]] (Comet McNaught), on February 3, 2007.<ref name="chance encounter">{{cite news |publisher=Astronomy |title=A chance encounter with a comet |date=October 2, 2007 |url=http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=6065}}</ref> Evidence of the encounter was published in the October 1, 2007, issue of ''[[The Astrophysical Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/667/2/1262/72016.html |author=Neugebauer |title=Encounter of the Ulysses Spacecraft with the Ion Tail of Comet MCNaught |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=667 |issue=2 |year=2007 |pages=1262–1266 |doi=10.1086/521019 |bibcode=2007ApJ...667.1262N |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Magnetosphere == The observation of antitails contributed significantly to the discovery of [[solar wind]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Biermann |first=L. |title=The plasma tails of comets and the interplanetary plasma |journal=[[Space Science Reviews]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |page=553 |year=1963 |doi=10.1007/BF00225271 |bibcode=1963SSRv....1..553B|s2cid=120731934 }}</ref> The ion tail is the result of [[ultraviolet]] radiation ejecting electrons off particles in the coma. Once the particles have been ionised, they form a plasma which in turn induces a [[magnetosphere]] around the comet. The comet and its induced magnetic field form an obstacle to outward flowing solar wind particles. The comet is supersonic relative to the solar wind, so a [[bow shock]] is formed upstream of the comet (i.e. facing the Sun), in the flow direction of the solar wind. In this bow shock, large concentrations of cometary ions (called "pick-up ions") congregate and act to "load" the solar magnetic field with [[plasma (physics)|plasma]]. The field lines "drape" around the comet forming the ion tail.<ref name="pp 864">{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=B. W. |last2=Ostlie |first2=D. A. |title=An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics |pages=864–874 |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-201-54730-6}}</ref> (This is similar to the formation of planetary magnetospheres.) == Tail loss == [[File:Encke tail rip off.ogg|thumb|right|Comet Encke loses its tail]] If the ion tail loading is sufficient, then the magnetic field lines are squeezed together to the point where, at some distance along the ion tail, [[magnetic reconnection]] occurs. This leads to a "tail disconnection event".<ref name="pp 864" /> This has been observed on a number of occasions, notable among which was on the 20th of April 2007 when the ion tail of [[comet Encke]] was completely severed as the comet passed through a [[coronal mass ejection]].<ref name="CME2007">{{cite web |date=October 1, 2007 |title=The Sun Rips Off a Comet's Tail |publisher=Science@NASA |url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01oct_encke.htm |access-date=October 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104041757/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01oct_encke.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This event was observed by the [[STEREO|STEREO spacecraft]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eyles |first1=C. J. |last2=Harrison |first2=R. A. |last3=Davis |first3=C. J. |last4=Waltham |first4=N. R. |last5=Shaughnessy |first5=B. M. |last6=Mapson-Menard |first6=H. C. A. |last7=Bewsher |first7=D. |last8=Crothers |first8=S. R. |last9=Davies |first9=J. A. |title=The Heliospheric Imagers Onboard the STEREO Mission |journal=[[Solar Physics (journal)|Solar Physics]] |volume=254 |issue=2 |pages=387–445 |year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s11207-008-9299-0 |last10=Rochus |first10=P. |bibcode=2009SoPh..254..387E|s2cid=54977854 |url=http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/15675 }}</ref> A disconnection event was also seen with [[C/2009 R1]] (McNaught) on May 26, 2010.<ref name="C2009R1-DE">{{cite web |date=May 30, 2010 |title=Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) - Animation & Images |publisher=Remanzacco Observatory |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2010/05/comet-c2009-r1-mcnaught-animation.html |access-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> {{clear left}} == Analogues == On January 29, 2013, [[ESA]] scientists reported that the [[ionosphere]] of the planet [[Venus]] streams outwards in a manner similar to "the ion tail seen streaming from a [[comet]] under similar conditions."<ref name="ESA-20130129">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=When A Planet Behaves Like A Comet |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/When_a_planet_behaves_like_a_comet |date=January 29, 2013 |publisher=[[ESA]] |access-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Space-20130130">{{cite web |last=Kramer |first=Miriam |title=Venus Can Have 'Comet-Like' Atmosphere |url=http://www.space.com/19537-venus-comet-atmosphere.html |date=January 30, 2013 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |access-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref> {{-}} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Comet tails}} * {{dmoz|Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Small_Bodies/Comets/|Comets}} * [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/overview/ Comets page] at [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ NASA's Solar System Exploration] * [http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/icq.html International Comet Quarterly] at Harvard.edu {{Comets|nonobject=yes}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} [[Category:Comets]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'dont be a squid this is fake A '''comet tail'''—and [[Coma (cometary)|coma]]—are features visible in [[Comet|comets]] when they are illuminated by the [[Sun]] and may become visible from [[Earth]] when a [[comet]] passes through the inner [[Solar System]]. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, [[solar radiation]] causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. Separate tails are formed of dust and gases, becoming visible through different phenomena; the dust reflects sunlight directly and the gases glow from [[ion]]isation. Most comets are too faint to be visible without the aid of a [[telescope]], but a few each decade become bright enough to be visible to the [[naked eye]]. == Tail formation == [[File:Cometorbit01.svg|thumb|left|250px|A comet's orbit showing the different directions of the gas and dust tails as the comet passes the Sun]] In the outer [[Solar System]], comets remain frozen and are extremely difficult or impossible to detect from Earth due to their small size. Statistical detections of inactive comet nuclei in the [[Kuiper belt]] have been reported from the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] observations,<ref name="Cochran1995">{{cite journal |last1=Cochran |first1=A. L. |last2=Levison |first2=H. F. |last3=Stern |first3=S. A. |last4=Duncan |first4=J. |title=The Discovery of Halley-sized Kuiper Belt Objects Using the Hubble Space Telescope |bibcode=1995ApJ...455..342C |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=455 |page=342 |year=1995 |doi=10.1086/176581 |arxiv=astro-ph/9509100|s2cid=118159645 }}</ref><ref name="Cochran1998">{{cite journal |last1=Cochran |first1=A. L. |last2=Levison |first2=H. F. |last3=Tamblyn |first3=P. |last4=Stern |first4=S. A. |last5=Duncan |first5=J. |title=The Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Kuiper Belt Object Search: Setting the Record Straight |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |volume=503 |issue=1 |page=L89 |year=1998 |doi=10.1086/311515 |bibcode=1998ApJ...503L..89C |arxiv=astro-ph/9806210|s2cid=18215327 }}</ref> but these detections have been questioned,<ref name="Brown1997">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Michael E. |last2=Kulkarni |first2=S. R. |last3=Liggett |first3=T. J. |title=An Analysis of the Statistics of the Hubble Space Telescope Kuiper Belt Object Search |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |volume=490 |issue=1 |page=L119 |year=1997 |doi=10.1086/311009 |bibcode=1997ApJ...490L.119B|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Jewitt1996">{{cite journal |last1=Jewitt |first1=David C. |author-link=David C. Jewitt |last2=Luu |first2=Jane |last3=Chen |first3=J. |title=The Mauna Kea-Cerro-Tololo (MKCT) Kuiper Belt and Centaur Survey |bibcode=1996AJ....112.1225J |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=112 |issue=3 |page=1225 |year=1996 |doi=10.1086/118093}}</ref> and have not yet been independently confirmed. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, [[solar radiation]] causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. The streams of [[Cosmic dust|dust]] and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called the ''[[coma (cometary)|coma]]'', and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's [[radiation pressure]] and [[solar wind]] cause an enormous ''tail'' to form, which points away from the Sun. The streams of dust and gas each form their own distinct tail, pointing in slightly different directions. The tail of dust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail called the [[antitail]], only when it seems that it is directed towards the Sun. At the same time, the ion tail, made of gases, always points along the streamlines of the solar wind as it is strongly affected by the magnetic field of the plasma of the solar wind. The ion tail follows the magnetic field lines rather than an orbital trajectory. [[Parallax]] viewing from the Earth may sometimes mean the tails appear to point in opposite directions.<ref>{{cite web |last=McKenna |first=M. |title=Chasing an Anti-Tail |url=http://www.asod.info/?p=1019 |publisher=Astronomy Sketch of the Day |date=May 20, 2008 |access-date=February 25, 2009}}</ref> == Size == While the solid nucleus of comets is generally less than 30&nbsp;km across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and ion tails have been observed to extend {{convert|3.8|AU|abbr=out|lk=on|Gm e6mi}}.<ref name="Yeoman">{{cite web |last=Yeomans |first=Donald K. |title=Comet |url=http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/comet_worldbook.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429084558/http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/comet_worldbook.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 29, 2005 |work=World Book Online Reference Center |publisher=[[World Book]] |year=2005 |access-date=December 27, 2008 }}</ref> The [[Ulysses (spacecraft)|''Ulysses'' spacecraft]] made an unexpected pass through the tail of the comet [[C/2006 P1]] (Comet McNaught), on February 3, 2007.<ref name="chance encounter">{{cite news |publisher=Astronomy |title=A chance encounter with a comet |date=October 2, 2007 |url=http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=6065}}</ref> Evidence of the encounter was published in the October 1, 2007, issue of ''[[The Astrophysical Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/667/2/1262/72016.html |author=Neugebauer |title=Encounter of the Ulysses Spacecraft with the Ion Tail of Comet MCNaught |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=667 |issue=2 |year=2007 |pages=1262–1266 |doi=10.1086/521019 |bibcode=2007ApJ...667.1262N |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Magnetosphere == The observation of antitails contributed significantly to the discovery of [[solar wind]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Biermann |first=L. |title=The plasma tails of comets and the interplanetary plasma |journal=[[Space Science Reviews]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |page=553 |year=1963 |doi=10.1007/BF00225271 |bibcode=1963SSRv....1..553B|s2cid=120731934 }}</ref> The ion tail is the result of [[ultraviolet]] radiation ejecting electrons off particles in the coma. Once the particles have been ionised, they form a plasma which in turn induces a [[magnetosphere]] around the comet. The comet and its induced magnetic field form an obstacle to outward flowing solar wind particles. The comet is supersonic relative to the solar wind, so a [[bow shock]] is formed upstream of the comet (i.e. facing the Sun), in the flow direction of the solar wind. In this bow shock, large concentrations of cometary ions (called "pick-up ions") congregate and act to "load" the solar magnetic field with [[plasma (physics)|plasma]]. The field lines "drape" around the comet forming the ion tail.<ref name="pp 864">{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=B. W. |last2=Ostlie |first2=D. A. |title=An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics |pages=864–874 |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-201-54730-6}}</ref> (This is similar to the formation of planetary magnetospheres.) == Tail loss == [[File:Encke tail rip off.ogg|thumb|right|Comet Encke loses its tail]] If the ion tail loading is sufficient, then the magnetic field lines are squeezed together to the point where, at some distance along the ion tail, [[magnetic reconnection]] occurs. This leads to a "tail disconnection event".<ref name="pp 864" /> This has been observed on a number of occasions, notable among which was on the 20th of April 2007 when the ion tail of [[comet Encke]] was completely severed as the comet passed through a [[coronal mass ejection]].<ref name="CME2007">{{cite web |date=October 1, 2007 |title=The Sun Rips Off a Comet's Tail |publisher=Science@NASA |url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01oct_encke.htm |access-date=October 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104041757/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01oct_encke.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This event was observed by the [[STEREO|STEREO spacecraft]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eyles |first1=C. J. |last2=Harrison |first2=R. A. |last3=Davis |first3=C. J. |last4=Waltham |first4=N. R. |last5=Shaughnessy |first5=B. M. |last6=Mapson-Menard |first6=H. C. A. |last7=Bewsher |first7=D. |last8=Crothers |first8=S. R. |last9=Davies |first9=J. A. |title=The Heliospheric Imagers Onboard the STEREO Mission |journal=[[Solar Physics (journal)|Solar Physics]] |volume=254 |issue=2 |pages=387–445 |year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s11207-008-9299-0 |last10=Rochus |first10=P. |bibcode=2009SoPh..254..387E|s2cid=54977854 |url=http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/15675 }}</ref> A disconnection event was also seen with [[C/2009 R1]] (McNaught) on May 26, 2010.<ref name="C2009R1-DE">{{cite web |date=May 30, 2010 |title=Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) - Animation & Images |publisher=Remanzacco Observatory |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2010/05/comet-c2009-r1-mcnaught-animation.html |access-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> {{clear left}} == Analogues == On January 29, 2013, [[ESA]] scientists reported that the [[ionosphere]] of the planet [[Venus]] streams outwards in a manner similar to "the ion tail seen streaming from a [[comet]] under similar conditions."<ref name="ESA-20130129">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=When A Planet Behaves Like A Comet |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/When_a_planet_behaves_like_a_comet |date=January 29, 2013 |publisher=[[ESA]] |access-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Space-20130130">{{cite web |last=Kramer |first=Miriam |title=Venus Can Have 'Comet-Like' Atmosphere |url=http://www.space.com/19537-venus-comet-atmosphere.html |date=January 30, 2013 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |access-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref> {{-}} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Comet tails}} * {{dmoz|Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Small_Bodies/Comets/|Comets}} * [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/overview/ Comets page] at [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ NASA's Solar System Exploration] * [http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/icq.html International Comet Quarterly] at Harvard.edu {{Comets|nonobject=yes}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} [[Category:Comets]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff)
'@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -{{multiple image |align=right |direction=horizontal |total_width=325 - |image1=Comet Parts.svg |caption1=Diagram of a comet showing the dust tail, the dust trail (or [[antitail]]) and the ion gas tail, which is formed by the solar wind flow. - |image2=Iss030e015472 Edit.jpg |caption2=[[C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)|Comet Lovejoy]] photographed in 2011 by astronaut Dan Burbank from the International Space Station -}} -[[File:17pHolmes 071104 eder vga.jpg|thumb|[[Comet Holmes]] (17P/Holmes) in 2007 showing blue ion tail on right]] -[[File:Comet and tail animation.gif|thumb|Animation of a comet's tail]] - +dont be a squid this is fake A '''comet tail'''—and [[Coma (cometary)|coma]]—are features visible in [[Comet|comets]] when they are illuminated by the [[Sun]] and may become visible from [[Earth]] when a [[comet]] passes through the inner [[Solar System]]. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, [[solar radiation]] causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. Separate tails are formed of dust and gases, becoming visible through different phenomena; the dust reflects sunlight directly and the gases glow from [[ion]]isation. Most comets are too faint to be visible without the aid of a [[telescope]], but a few each decade become bright enough to be visible to the [[naked eye]]. '
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All external links in the new text (all_links)
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Links in the page, before the edit (old_links)
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html)
'<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>dont be a squid this is fake A <b>comet tail</b>—and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" title="Coma (cometary)">coma</a>—are features visible in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a> when they are illuminated by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> and may become visible from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> when a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> passes through the inner <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar radiation">solar radiation</a> causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. Separate tails are formed of dust and gases, becoming visible through different phenomena; the dust reflects sunlight directly and the gases glow from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionisation</a>. Most comets are too faint to be visible without the aid of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>, but a few each decade become bright enough to be visible to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naked_eye" title="Naked eye">naked eye</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Tail_formation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Tail formation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Size"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Size</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Magnetosphere"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Magnetosphere</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Tail_loss"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Tail loss</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Analogues"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Analogues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tail_formation">Tail formation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Tail formation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cometorbit01.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cometorbit01.svg/250px-Cometorbit01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="142" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cometorbit01.svg/375px-Cometorbit01.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cometorbit01.svg/500px-Cometorbit01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="354" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cometorbit01.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A comet's orbit showing the different directions of the gas and dust tails as the comet passes the Sun</div></div></div> <p>In the outer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, comets remain frozen and are extremely difficult or impossible to detect from Earth due to their small size. Statistical detections of inactive comet nuclei in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> have been reported from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> observations,<sup id="cite_ref-Cochran1995_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochran1995-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cochran1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochran1998-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> but these detections have been questioned,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1997_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1997-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt1996_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt1996-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> and have not yet been independently confirmed. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar radiation">solar radiation</a> causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them. The streams of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">dust</a> and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" title="Coma (cometary)">coma</a></i>, and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radiation_pressure" title="Radiation pressure">radiation pressure</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> cause an enormous <i>tail</i> to form, which points away from the Sun. </p><p>The streams of dust and gas each form their own distinct tail, pointing in slightly different directions. The tail of dust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail called the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antitail" title="Antitail">antitail</a>, only when it seems that it is directed towards the Sun. At the same time, the ion tail, made of gases, always points along the streamlines of the solar wind as it is strongly affected by the magnetic field of the plasma of the solar wind. The ion tail follows the magnetic field lines rather than an orbital trajectory. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">Parallax</a> viewing from the Earth may sometimes mean the tails appear to point in opposite directions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Size">Size</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Size">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>While the solid nucleus of comets is generally less than 30&#160;km across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and ion tails have been observed to extend 3.8 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical units</a> (570&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gigametre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigametre">Gm</a>; 350<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Yeoman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yeoman-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)"><i>Ulysses</i> spacecraft</a> made an unexpected pass through the tail of the comet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2006_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2006 P1">C/2006 P1</a> (Comet McNaught), on February 3, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-chance_encounter_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chance_encounter-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> Evidence of the encounter was published in the October 1, 2007, issue of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Magnetosphere">Magnetosphere</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Magnetosphere">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The observation of antitails contributed significantly to the discovery of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> The ion tail is the result of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> radiation ejecting electrons off particles in the coma. Once the particles have been ionised, they form a plasma which in turn induces a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> around the comet. The comet and its induced magnetic field form an obstacle to outward flowing solar wind particles. The comet is supersonic relative to the solar wind, so a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bow_shock" title="Bow shock">bow shock</a> is formed upstream of the comet (i.e. facing the Sun), in the flow direction of the solar wind. In this bow shock, large concentrations of cometary ions (called "pick-up ions") congregate and act to "load" the solar magnetic field with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a>. The field lines "drape" around the comet forming the ion tail.<sup id="cite_ref-pp_864_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp_864-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> (This is similar to the formation of planetary magnetospheres.) </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tail_loss">Tail loss</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Tail loss">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" style="width:220px;" videopayload="&lt;div class=&quot;mediaContainer&quot; style=&quot;width:512px&quot;&gt;&lt;video id=&quot;mwe_player_1&quot; poster=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/512px--Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.jpg&quot; controls=&quot;&quot; preload=&quot;none&quot; autoplay=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;width:512px;height:276px&quot; class=&quot;kskin&quot; data-durationhint=&quot;7.7&quot; data-startoffset=&quot;0&quot; data-mwtitle=&quot;Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv&quot; data-mwprovider=&quot;wikimediacommons&quot;&gt;&lt;source src=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv&quot; type=&quot;video/ogg; codecs=&amp;quot;theora&amp;quot;&quot; data-title=&quot;Original Ogg file, 512 × 276 (1.75 Mbps)&quot; data-shorttitle=&quot;Ogg source&quot; data-width=&quot;512&quot; data-height=&quot;276&quot; data-bandwidth=&quot;1750133&quot; data-framerate=&quot;10&quot;/&gt;&lt;source src=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.120p.vp9.webm&quot; type=&quot;video/webm; codecs=&amp;quot;vp9, opus&amp;quot;&quot; data-title=&quot;Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)&quot; data-shorttitle=&quot;VP9 120P&quot; data-transcodekey=&quot;120p.vp9.webm&quot; data-width=&quot;214&quot; data-height=&quot;114&quot; data-bandwidth=&quot;108000&quot; data-framerate=&quot;10&quot;/&gt;&lt;source src=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.160p.webm&quot; type=&quot;video/webm; codecs=&amp;quot;vp8, vorbis&amp;quot;&quot; data-title=&quot;Low bandwidth WebM (160P)&quot; data-shorttitle=&quot;WebM 160P&quot; data-transcodekey=&quot;160p.webm&quot; data-width=&quot;288&quot; data-height=&quot;156&quot; data-bandwidth=&quot;125648&quot; data-framerate=&quot;10&quot;/&gt;&lt;source src=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.180p.vp9.webm&quot; type=&quot;video/webm; codecs=&amp;quot;vp9, opus&amp;quot;&quot; data-title=&quot;Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)&quot; data-shorttitle=&quot;VP9 180P&quot; data-transcodekey=&quot;180p.vp9.webm&quot; data-width=&quot;320&quot; data-height=&quot;172&quot; data-bandwidth=&quot;195600&quot; data-framerate=&quot;10&quot;/&gt;&lt;source src=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.240p.webm&quot; type=&quot;video/webm; codecs=&amp;quot;vp8, vorbis&amp;quot;&quot; data-title=&quot;Small WebM (240P)&quot; data-shorttitle=&quot;WebM 240P&quot; data-transcodekey=&quot;240p.webm&quot; data-width=&quot;426&quot; data-height=&quot;230&quot; data-bandwidth=&quot;250096&quot; data-framerate=&quot;10&quot;/&gt;&lt;source src=&quot;/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.240p.vp9.webm&quot; type=&quot;video/webm; codecs=&amp;quot;vp9, opus&amp;quot;&quot; data-title=&quot;Small VP9 (240P)&quot; data-shorttitle=&quot;VP9 240P&quot; data-transcodekey=&quot;240p.vp9.webm&quot; data-width=&quot;426&quot; data-height=&quot;230&quot; data-bandwidth=&quot;317320&quot; data-framerate=&quot;10&quot;/&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;/div&gt;"><img alt="File:Encke tail rip off.ogv" style="width:220px;height:119px" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv/220px--Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv.jpg" /><a href="/enwiki//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Encke_tail_rip_off.ogv" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Comet Encke loses its tail</div></div></div> <p>If the ion tail loading is sufficient, then the magnetic field lines are squeezed together to the point where, at some distance along the ion tail, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection" title="Magnetic reconnection">magnetic reconnection</a> occurs. This leads to a "tail disconnection event".<sup id="cite_ref-pp_864_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp_864-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> This has been observed on a number of occasions, notable among which was on the 20th of April 2007 when the ion tail of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Encke" title="Comet Encke">comet Encke</a> was completely severed as the comet passed through a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">coronal mass ejection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CME2007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CME2007-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> This event was observed by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO spacecraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> A disconnection event was also seen with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2009_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2009 R1">C/2009 R1</a> (McNaught) on May 26, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-C2009R1-DE_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2009R1-DE-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Analogues">Analogues</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Analogues">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>On January 29, 2013, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> scientists reported that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a> of the planet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> streams outwards in a manner similar to "the ion tail seen streaming from a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> under similar conditions."<sup id="cite_ref-ESA-20130129_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESA-20130129-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Space-20130130_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space-20130130-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cochran1995-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cochran1995_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited 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code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCochranLevisonSternDuncan1995" class="citation journal cs1">Cochran, A. 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Science@NASA. October 1, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/01oct_encke.htm">the original</a> on November 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sun+Rips+Off+a+Comet%27s+Tail&amp;rft.pub=Science%40NASA&amp;rft.date=2007-10-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fheadlines%2Fy2007%2F01oct_encke.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComet+tail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEylesHarrisonDavisWaltham2009" class="citation journal cs1">Eyles, C. J.; Harrison, R. A.; Davis, C. J.; Waltham, N. R.; Shaughnessy, B. M.; Mapson-Menard, H. C. A.; Bewsher, D.; Crothers, S. R.; Davies, J. A.; Rochus, P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/15675">"The Heliospheric Imagers Onboard the STEREO Mission"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_Physics_(journal)" title="Solar Physics (journal)">Solar Physics</a></i>. <b>254</b> (2): 387–445. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SoPh..254..387E">2009SoPh..254..387E</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11207-008-9299-0">10.1007/s11207-008-9299-0</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54977854">54977854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Solar+Physics&amp;rft.atitle=The+Heliospheric+Imagers+Onboard+the+STEREO+Mission&amp;rft.volume=254&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=387-445&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54977854%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11207-008-9299-0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009SoPh..254..387E&amp;rft.aulast=Eyles&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+J.&amp;rft.au=Harrison%2C+R.+A.&amp;rft.au=Davis%2C+C.+J.&amp;rft.au=Waltham%2C+N.+R.&amp;rft.au=Shaughnessy%2C+B.+M.&amp;rft.au=Mapson-Menard%2C+H.+C.+A.&amp;rft.au=Bewsher%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Crothers%2C+S.+R.&amp;rft.au=Davies%2C+J.+A.&amp;rft.au=Rochus%2C+P.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbi.ulg.ac.be%2Fhandle%2F2268%2F15675&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComet+tail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C2009R1-DE-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C2009R1-DE_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2010/05/comet-c2009-r1-mcnaught-animation.html">"Comet C/2009 R1 (McNaught) - Animation &amp; Images"</a>. Remanzacco Observatory. May 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Comet+C%2F2009+R1+%28McNaught%29+-+Animation+%26+Images&amp;rft.pub=Remanzacco+Observatory&amp;rft.date=2010-05-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fremanzacco.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F05%2Fcomet-c2009-r1-mcnaught-animation.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComet+tail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESA-20130129-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESA-20130129_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFStaff2013" class="citation web cs1">Staff (January 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/When_a_planet_behaves_like_a_comet">"When A Planet Behaves Like A Comet"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=When+A+Planet+Behaves+Like+A+Comet&amp;rft.pub=ESA&amp;rft.date=2013-01-29&amp;rft.au=Staff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FOur_Activities%2FSpace_Science%2FWhen_a_planet_behaves_like_a_comet&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComet+tail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Space-20130130-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Space-20130130_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKramer2013" class="citation web cs1">Kramer, Miriam (January 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/19537-venus-comet-atmosphere.html">"Venus Can Have 'Comet-Like' Atmosphere"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Venus+Can+Have+%27Comet-Like%27+Atmosphere&amp;rft.pub=Space.com&amp;rft.date=2013-01-30&amp;rft.aulast=Kramer&amp;rft.aufirst=Miriam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F19537-venus-comet-atmosphere.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComet+tail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Comet_tail&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Comet_tails" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Comet tails"><span style="">Comet tails</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Small_Bodies/Comets/">Comets</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Curlie">Curlie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/overview/">Comets page</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/">NASA's Solar System Exploration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/icq.html">International Comet Quarterly</a> at Harvard.edu</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Comets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Comets" title="Template talk:Comets"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Comets&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Features</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_nucleus" title="Comet nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" title="Coma (cometary)">Coma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antitail" title="Antitail">Antitail</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_dust" title="Comet dust">Comet dust</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor shower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hyakutake_Color.jpg" class="image" title="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)"><img alt="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/76px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="57" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/114px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/152px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Wild2_3.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Wild2 3.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Wild2_3.jpg/76px-Wild2_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="76" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Wild2_3.jpg/114px-Wild2_3.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Wild2_3.jpg/152px-Wild2_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1404" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet#Orbital_characteristics" title="Comet">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Numbered</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long period</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jupiter-family_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter-family comet">Jupiter-family</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Encke-type_comets" title="Category:Encke-type comets">Encke-type</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Main-belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_non-periodic_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-periodic comets">Non-periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_comets_with_no_meaningful_orbit" title="List of comets with no meaningful orbit">Unknown-orbit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kreutz_sungrazer" title="Kreutz sungrazer">Kreutz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">Exocomet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstellar_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar comet">Interstellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naming_of_comets" title="Naming of comets">Naming of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)#Similarities_to_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Discoverers_of_comets" title="Category:Discoverers of comets">Comet discoverers</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_comets_discovered_by_the_LINEAR_project" title="List of comets discovered by the LINEAR project">LINEAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extraterrestrial_atmosphere" title="Extraterrestrial atmosphere">Extraterrestrial atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System body</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Exploration</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">List of missions to comets</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of comets visited by spacecraft">List of comets visited by spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Latest</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2020_F3_(NEOWISE)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2019_Y1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2017_U7" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2016_U1_(NEOWISE)" title="C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)">C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_G2_(MASTER)" title="C/2015 G2 (MASTER)">C/2015 G2 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_F5_(SWAN-XingMing)" title="C/2015 F5 (SWAN-XingMing)">C/2015 F5 (SWAN-XingMing)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_F3" title="C/2015 F3">C/2015 F3</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PANSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PANSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_US10" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 US10">C/2013 US10 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_A1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 A1">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_S4" title="C/2012 S4">C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_K1" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Culture and<br />speculation</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antimatter_comet" title="Antimatter comet">Antimatter comet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comets_in_fiction" title="Comets in fiction">Comets in fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Category:Fictional_comets&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Fictional comets (page does not exist)">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_vintages" title="Comet vintages">Comet vintages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Lists_of_comets_(more)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lists_of_comets" title="Lists of comets">Lists of comets</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Lists_of_comets" title="Category:Lists of comets">more</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Periodic<br />comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1985<br />(all)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley&#39;s Comet">1P/Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2P/Encke" class="mw-redirect" title="2P/Encke">2P/Encke</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela&#39;s Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/4P/Faye" title="4P/Faye">4P/Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/6P/d%27Arrest" title="6P/d&#39;Arrest">6P/d'Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/7P/Pons%E2%80%93Winnecke" title="7P/Pons–Winnecke">7P/Pons–Winnecke</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/8P/Tuttle" title="8P/Tuttle">8P/Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/9P/Tempel" class="mw-redirect" title="9P/Tempel">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/10P/Tempel" title="10P/Tempel">10P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/12P/Pons%E2%80%93Brooks" title="12P/Pons–Brooks">12P/Pons–Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/13P/Olbers" title="13P/Olbers">13P/Olbers</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/14P/Wolf" title="14P/Wolf">14P/Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/16P/Brooks" title="16P/Brooks">16P/Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/22P/Kopff" title="22P/Kopff">22P/Kopff</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/23P/Brorsen%E2%80%93Metcalf" title="23P/Brorsen–Metcalf">23P/Brorsen–Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/24P/Schaumasse" title="24P/Schaumasse">24P/Schaumasse</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/28P/Neujmin" title="28P/Neujmin">28P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/29P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/30P/Reinmuth" title="30P/Reinmuth">30P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/31P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/32P/Comas_Sol%C3%A0" title="32P/Comas Solà">32P/Comas Solà</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/33P/Daniel" title="33P/Daniel">33P/Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/35P/Herschel%E2%80%93Rigollet" title="35P/Herschel–Rigollet">35P/Herschel–Rigollet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/36P/Whipple" title="36P/Whipple">36P/Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/39P/Oterma" title="39P/Oterma">39P/Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/40P/V%C3%A4is%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="40P/Väisälä">40P/Väisälä</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/41P/Tuttle%E2%80%93Giacobini%E2%80%93Kres%C3%A1k" title="41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák">41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/42P/Neujmin" title="42P/Neujmin">42P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/43P/Wolf%E2%80%93Harrington" title="43P/Wolf–Harrington">43P/Wolf–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/44P/Reinmuth" title="44P/Reinmuth">44P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/45P/Honda%E2%80%93Mrkos%E2%80%93Pajdu%C5%A1%C3%A1kov%C3%A1" title="45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková">45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/47P/Ashbrook%E2%80%93Jackson" title="47P/Ashbrook–Jackson">47P/Ashbrook–Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/48P/Johnson" title="48P/Johnson">48P/Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/49P/Arend%E2%80%93Rigaux" title="49P/Arend–Rigaux">49P/Arend–Rigaux</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/50P/Arend" title="50P/Arend">50P/Arend</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/51P/Harrington" title="51P/Harrington">51P/Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/52P/Harrington%E2%80%93Abell" title="52P/Harrington–Abell">52P/Harrington–Abell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/53P/Van_Biesbroeck" title="53P/Van Biesbroeck">53P/Van Biesbroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/56P/Slaughter%E2%80%93Burnham" title="56P/Slaughter–Burnham">56P/Slaughter–Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/58P/Jackson%E2%80%93Neujmin" title="58P/Jackson–Neujmin">58P/Jackson–Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/59P/Kearns%E2%80%93Kwee" title="59P/Kearns–Kwee">59P/Kearns–Kwee</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/60P/Tsuchinshan" title="60P/Tsuchinshan">60P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/61P/Shajn%E2%80%93Schaldach" title="61P/Shajn–Schaldach">61P/Shajn–Schaldach</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/62P/Tsuchinshan" title="62P/Tsuchinshan">62P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/63P/Wild" title="63P/Wild">63P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/65P/Gunn" title="65P/Gunn">65P/Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/68P/Klemola" title="68P/Klemola">68P/Klemola</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/70P/Kojima" title="70P/Kojima">70P/Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/71P/Clark" title="71P/Clark">71P/Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/73P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/74P/Smirnova%E2%80%93Chernykh" title="74P/Smirnova–Chernykh">74P/Smirnova–Chernykh</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/76P/West%E2%80%93Kohoutek%E2%80%93Ikemura" title="76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura">76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/77P/Longmore" title="77P/Longmore">77P/Longmore</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/78P/Gehrels" title="78P/Gehrels">78P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/79P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Hartley" title="79P/du Toit–Hartley">79P/du Toit–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/82P/Gehrels" title="82P/Gehrels">82P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/84P/Giclas" title="84P/Giclas">84P/Giclas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/86P/Wild" title="86P/Wild">86P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/87P/Bus" title="87P/Bus">87P/Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/88P/Howell" title="88P/Howell">88P/Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/89P/Russell" title="89P/Russell">89P/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/90P/Gehrels" title="90P/Gehrels">90P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/91P/Russell" title="91P/Russell">91P/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/92P/Sanguin" title="92P/Sanguin">92P/Sanguin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/93P/Lovas" title="93P/Lovas">93P/Lovas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/94P/Russell" title="94P/Russell">94P/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">95P/Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/96P/Machholz" title="96P/Machholz">96P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/98P/Takamizawa" title="98P/Takamizawa">98P/Takamizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/99P/Kowal" title="99P/Kowal">99P/Kowal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/100P/Hartley" title="100P/Hartley">100P/Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/101P/Chernykh" title="101P/Chernykh">101P/Chernykh</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/102P/Shoemaker" title="102P/Shoemaker">102P/Shoemaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1985<br />(notable)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/105P/Singer_Brewster" title="105P/Singer Brewster">105P/Singer Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/107P/Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" class="mw-redirect" title="107P/Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Swift%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="Comet Swift–Tuttle">109P/Swift–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/111P/Helin%E2%80%93Roman%E2%80%93Crockett" title="111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett">111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/114P/Wiseman%E2%80%93Skiff" title="114P/Wiseman–Skiff">114P/Wiseman–Skiff</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/128P/Shoemaker%E2%80%93Holt" title="128P/Shoemaker–Holt">128P/Shoemaker–Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/139P/V%C3%A4is%C3%A4l%C3%A4%E2%80%93Oterma" title="139P/Väisälä–Oterma">139P/Väisälä–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/144P/Kushida" title="144P/Kushida">144P/Kushida</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/147P/Kushida%E2%80%93Muramatsu" title="147P/Kushida–Muramatsu">147P/Kushida–Muramatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/153P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Zhang" title="153P/Ikeya–Zhang">153P/Ikeya–Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/163P/NEAT" title="163P/NEAT">163P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/168P/Hergenrother" title="168P/Hergenrother">168P/Hergenrother</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/169P/NEAT" title="169P/NEAT">169P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/177P/Barnard" title="177P/Barnard">177P/Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/178P/Hug%E2%80%93Bell" title="178P/Hug–Bell">178P/Hug–Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/205P/Giacobini" class="mw-redirect" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/209P/LINEAR" title="209P/LINEAR">209P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/246P/NEAT" title="246P/NEAT">246P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/252P/LINEAR" title="252P/LINEAR">252P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/255P/Levy" title="255P/Levy">255P/Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/273P/Pons%E2%80%93Gambart" title="273P/Pons–Gambart">273P/Pons–Gambart</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/276P/Vorobjov" title="276P/Vorobjov">276P/Vorobjov</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/311P/PANSTARRS" title="311P/PANSTARRS">311P/PANSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/322P/SOHO" title="322P/SOHO">322P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/332P/Ikeya-Murakami" class="mw-redirect" title="332P/Ikeya-Murakami">332P/Ikeya-Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/(457175)_2008_GO98" title="(457175) 2008 GO98">362P</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/P/1997_B1_(Kobayashi)" title="P/1997 B1 (Kobayashi)">P/1997 B1 (Kobayashi)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/P/2010_B2_(WISE)" title="P/2010 B2 (WISE)">P/2010 B2 (WISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/P/2011_NO1_(Elenin)" title="P/2011 NO1 (Elenin)">P/2011 NO1 (Elenin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid#Terminology" title="Asteroid">Comet-like<br />asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/596_Scheila" title="596 Scheila">596 Scheila</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">2060 Chiron</a> (95P)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">4015 Wilson–Harrington</a> (107P)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/7968_Elst%E2%80%93Pizarro" title="7968 Elst–Pizarro">7968 Elst–Pizarro</a> (133P)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/165P/LINEAR" title="165P/LINEAR">165P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/166P/NEAT" title="166P/NEAT">166P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/167P/CINEOS" title="167P/CINEOS">167P/CINEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/60558_Echeclus" title="60558 Echeclus">60558 Echeclus</a> (174P)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/118401_LINEAR" title="118401 LINEAR">118401 LINEAR</a> (176P)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/259P/Garradd" class="mw-redirect" title="259P/Garradd">259P/Garradd</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/311P/PANSTARRS" title="311P/PANSTARRS">311P/PANSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/324P/La_Sagra" class="mw-redirect" title="324P/La Sagra">324P/La Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/P/2010_A2_(LINEAR)" class="mw-redirect" title="P/2010 A2 (LINEAR)">P/2010 A2 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=P/2012_F5_(Gibbs)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P/2012 F5 (Gibbs) (page does not exist)">P/2012 F5 (Gibbs)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=P/2012_T1_(PANSTARRS)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS) (page does not exist)">P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=P/2013_R3_(Catalina-PANSTARRS)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS) (page does not exist)">P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/(300163)_2006_VW139" title="(300163) 2006 VW139">(300163) 2006 VW139</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost comets">Lost</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Recovered</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/107P/Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" class="mw-redirect" title="107P/Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Swift%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="Comet Swift–Tuttle">109P/Swift–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/113P/Spitaler" title="113P/Spitaler">113P/Spitaler</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/157P/Tritton" title="157P/Tritton">157P/Tritton</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/177P/Barnard" title="177P/Barnard">177P/Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/205P/Giacobini" class="mw-redirect" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/206P/Barnard%E2%80%93Boattini" title="206P/Barnard–Boattini">206P/Barnard–Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/271P/van_Houten%E2%80%93Lemmon" title="271P/van Houten–Lemmon">271P/van Houten–Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/273P/Pons%E2%80%93Gambart" title="273P/Pons–Gambart">273P/Pons–Gambart</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Destroyed</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela&#39;s Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/73P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Not found</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lexell%27s_Comet" title="Lexell&#39;s Comet">D/1770 L1 (Lexell)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft#List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">Visited by<br />spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1P/Halley" class="mw-redirect" title="1P/Halley">1P/Halley</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/9P/Tempel" class="mw-redirect" title="9P/Tempel">9P/Tempel</a> (2005, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2006_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2006 P1">C/2006 P1</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_non-periodic_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-periodic comets">Non-Periodic<br />comets<br />(notable)</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1910</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caesar%27s_Comet" title="Caesar&#39;s Comet">C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/X/1106_C1" title="X/1106 C1">X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1577" title="Great Comet of 1577">C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1652_Y1" title="C/1652 Y1">C/1652 Y1</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1680" title="Great Comet of 1680">C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1702_H1" title="C/1702 H1">C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_of_1729" title="Comet of 1729">C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1744" title="Great Comet of 1744">C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1760_A1" title="C/1760 A1">C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1769_P1" title="C/1769 P1">C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1807_R1" title="C/1807 R1">C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1811" title="Great Comet of 1811">C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1819" title="Great Comet of 1819">C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1823" title="Great Comet of 1823">C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1843" title="Great Comet of 1843">C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1847_T1" title="C/1847 T1">C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Donati" title="Comet Donati">C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1861_G1_(Thatcher)" title="C/1861 G1 (Thatcher)">C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1861_J1" title="C/1861 J1">C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1865_B1" title="C/1865 B1">C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/X/1872_X1" title="X/1872 X1">X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1874_H1" title="C/1874 H1">C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1881_K1" title="C/1881 K1">C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1882" title="Great Comet of 1882">C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Southern_Comet_of_1887" title="Great Southern Comet of 1887">C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1890_V1" title="C/1890 V1">C/1890 V1 (Comet Zona)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1901" title="Great Comet of 1901">C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_January_Comet_of_1910" title="Great January Comet of 1910">C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1910</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1911_O1" title="C/1911 O1">C/1911 O1 (Brooks)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1911_S3" title="C/1911 S3">C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryves_Comet" title="Ryves Comet">C/1931 P1 (Ryves)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos) (page does not exist)">C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet) (page does not exist)">C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1947_X1_(S%C3%BCdkomet)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1947 X1 (Südkomet)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">C/1961 R1 (Humason)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines) (page does not exist)">C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">C/1975 V1 (West)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1980_E1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1980 E1">C/1980 E1 (Bowell)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1989_X1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 X1">C/1989 X1 (Austin)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1992_J1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1992 J1">C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" title="Comet Stonehouse">C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">C/1998 J1 (SOHO)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1999_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1999 F1">C/1999 F1 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1999_S4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1999 S4">C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2000_U5" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2000 U5">C/2000 U5 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2000_W1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2000 W1">C/2000 W1 (Utsunomiya-Jones)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2001_OG108" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2002_T7_(LINEAR)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)">C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2003_A2_(Gleason)" title="C/2003 A2 (Gleason)">C/2003 A2 (Gleason)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield) (page does not exist)">C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" class="extiw" title="de:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" title="Comet Pojmański">C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2006_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2006 P1">C/2006 P1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_F1_(LONEOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)">C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_K5_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 K5 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 K5 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Lulin" title="Comet Lulin">C/2007 N3 (Lulin)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_Q3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 Q3">C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">C/2007 W1 (Boattini)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/2008_Q1_(Mati%C4%8Di%C4%8D)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/2008 Q1 (Matičič) (page does not exist)">C/2008 Q1 (Matičič)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2009_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2009 R1">C/2009 R1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2010_X1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2010 X1">C/2010 X1 (Elenin)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2011_L4" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_K1" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_S4_(PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS)">C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_A1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 A1">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_R1_(Lovejoy)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_US10" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 US10">C/2013 US10 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_V5" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 V5">C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PANSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PANSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_V2" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2015 V2">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2017_U7" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2019_E3_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)">C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1910<br />(by name)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">Arend–Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1989_X1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 X1">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1911_S3" title="C/1911 S3">Beljawsky</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1980_E1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1980 E1">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield) (page does not exist)">Bradfield</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" class="extiw" title="de:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1911_O1" title="C/1911 O1">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1999_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1999 F1">C/1999 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_US10" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 US10">C/2013 US10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos) (page does not exist)">de Kock–Paraskevopoulos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2010_X1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2010 X1">Elenin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">Humason</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">Hyakutake</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">Ikeya-Seki</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">IRAS–Araki–Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">ISON</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_V2" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2015 V2">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Observatory" title="Mount Lemmon Observatory">Lemmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1999_S4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1999 S4">C/1999 S4</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2000_U5" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2000 U5">C/2000 U5</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2002_T7" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lowell_Observatory_Near-Earth-Object_Search" title="Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search">LONEOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2001_OG108" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_F1" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terry_Lovejoy" title="Terry Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_K5_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 K5 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 K5</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_R1_(Lovejoy)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)">C/2013 R1</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Lulin" title="Comet Lulin">Lulin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/2008_Q1_(Mati%C4%8Di%C4%8D)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/2008 Q1 (Matičič) (page does not exist)">Matičič</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_H._McNaught" title="Robert H. McNaught">McNaught</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2006_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2006 P1">C/2006 P1</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2009_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2009 R1">C/2009 R1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">McNaught–Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_V5" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 V5">Oukaimeden</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2011_L4" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_K1" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_S4" title="C/2012 S4">C/2012 S4</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/311P/PANSTARRS" title="311P/PANSTARRS">311P</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2015_ER61" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2015 ER61">C/2015 ER61</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">Pereyra</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" title="Comet Pojmański">Pojmański</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryves_Comet" title="Ryves Comet">Ryves</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines) (page does not exist)">Seki–Lines</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siding_Spring_Observatory" title="Siding Spring Observatory">Siding Spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2007_Q3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 Q3">C/2007 Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2013_A1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 A1">C/2013 A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">Skjellerup–Maristany</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">Skorichenko–George</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet) (page does not exist)">Southern</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1947_X1_(S%C3%BCdkomet)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1947 X1 (Südkomet)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/1992_J1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1992 J1">Spacewatch–Rabinowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" title="Comet Stonehouse">Stonehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory#Instruments" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SWAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C/2000_W1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2000 W1">Utsunomiya–Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">White–Ortiz–Bolelli</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">Wilson–Hubbard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>&#93;</span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">Yi–SWAN</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">Zhu–Balam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Comets" title="Category:Comets">Category</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Commons page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Comets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Comets"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><img alt="Wikinews page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wikinews page" width="16" height="9" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /> <b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Comets" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:Comets">Wikinews</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Small_Solar_System_bodies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Template:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Template talk:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Small_Solar_System_bodies&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Small_Solar_System_bodies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minor_planet_designation" title="Minor planet designation">Designation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_minor-planet_groups" title="List of minor-planet groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">List</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meanings_of_minor_planet_names" title="Meanings of minor planet names">Meanings of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:6em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aten_asteroid" title="Aten asteroid">Aten asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types" title="Asteroid spectral types">Spectral types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:6em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">Distant minor planet</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cis-Neptunian_object" title="Cis-Neptunian object">Cis-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloid</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long-period</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">Space debris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> '
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1617993456
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