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'{{Short description|Philosopher}} {{Infobox philosopher | region = | era = [[Contemporary philosophy]] | image = Divya Dwivedi.jpg | caption = Divya Dwivedi speaking at the [[India International Centre]], New Delhi | name = Divya Dwivedi | alma_mater = [[Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi]] | institutions = [[IIT Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] | school_tradition = [[Continental philosophy]]<br />[[Deconstruction]]<br /> [[Metaphysics of presence|Post-metaphysics]]<ref name="auto2" /> | main_interests = [[Ontology]]<br /> [[Philosophy and literature|Philosophy of literature]]<br /> [[Philosophy of politics]]<br /> [[Narratology]]<br /> [[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]] | notable_ideas = [[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]]<ref name="The Resurrection of Philosophy"/> | influences = [[Plato]]{{·}} [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}} [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]]{{·}} [[Jean-Luc Nancy]]{{·}} [[Mahatma Gandhi|M. K. Gandhi]]{{·}} [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]]{{·}} [[Hannah Arendt|Arendt]]{{·}} [[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]]{{·}} [[O. V. Vijayan]]{{·}} [[Theo Jansen]]{{·}} [[Jacques Monod]] }} '''Divya Dwivedi''' is a [[philosopher]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> and author based in [[India]].<ref name="The Resurrection of Philosophy">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy|title=The Resurrection of Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/|title=Divya Dwivedi – Bloomsbury|website=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]}}</ref> She is an associate professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/a-new-book-examines-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-the-father-of-the-nation-5910744/|title= A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation :Reading the Mahatma, Interview|first=Aakash|last=Joshi|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date= 2019-08-18}}</ref> Her work focuses on [[ontology]], [[metaphysics]], [[literature]], and [[Political philosophy|philosophy of politics]].<ref name=":2" /> ==Life== Dwivedi is originally from [[Allahabad]]. Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Chandran, Cynthia|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=February 11, 2019|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> She received her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Lady Shri Ram College]], Delhi and her [[Master's degree]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi|title=Divya Dwivedi &#124; Humanities & Social Sciences|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> She pursued her [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil]] from [[University of Delhi]] and received her [[doctorate]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> Dwivedi is currently an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Delhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> She had earlier taught at St. Stephen's College and at Dept. of English, Delhi University.<ref name=":0" /> She was a [[visiting scholar]] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, [[Aarhus University]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" /> Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> religious discrimination, Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nancy|first=Jean-Luc|title=La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Libération|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel « The Caravan » est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref> She is a member of the ''Theory Committee'' of the [[International Comparative Literature Association]] along with [[Robert J. C. Young]], [[:de:Stefan Willer|Stefan Willer]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-06|title=Members ICLA Theory|url=https://iclatheory.org/members|website=www.iclatheory.org}}</ref> She is the editor and co-founder of the international multilingual journal ''Philosophy World Democracy'' with [[Zeynep Direk]], [[Achille Mbembe]], [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], [[Shaj Mohan]], and [[Mireille Delmas-Marty]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> American journal for critical theory, ''Episteme'', published a special issue on Dwivedi's philosophical contributions in 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Philosophical work== Dwivedi's philosophical standpoint departs from the school of [[deconstruction]] and it was described as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name="ayyar1">{{Cite news|last=Ayyar|first=Raj|title=Bending the binary|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/bending-the-binary-gandhi-and-philosophy-5952328}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> She publishes in the areas of [[ontology]], [[narratology]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vuletic|first=Snezana|date=October 26, 2018|title=From Colonial Disruption to Diasporic Entanglemens: Doctoral Dissertation presented at Stockholm University|url=https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1247469/FULLTEXT01.pdf|publisher=[[Stockholm University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Divya|last2=Nielsen|first2=Henrik Skov|title=The Paradox of Testimony and First-Person Plural Narration in Jensen's We, the Drowned (Free Access)|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19598955.pdf|website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> [[metaphysics]], [[linguistics]], and [[deconstruction]]. According to Jean-Luc Nancy and [[Bernard Stiegler]] her work gives a new orientation to philosophy outside of metaphysics and [[nihilism]]. === School of thought === Dwivedi said that philosophy is a disruptive practice following from the [[Socrates|Socratic]] model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.governancenow.com/views/interview/in-search-of-gandhis-answer-to-the-question-what-a-human-life-should-be|title=In search of Gandhi's answer to the question: 'What a human life should be', Interview|first=Ashish|last=Mehta|website=Governance Now|date=2019-04-05}}</ref> Following from it there is "a necessary relation between philosophy and politics". She is opposed to treating philosophical traditions as adjectives of philosophical practice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde|title=Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde|website=France Culture}}</ref> [[Barbara Cassin]] said that Dwivedi's theoretical stand reveals the actual political stakes in postcolonial theory. Cassin said "She is a philosopher" whose refusal to make "the post-colonial the first and the last word undoubtedly allows us to clarify with greater precision what is happening to women, philosophers and intellectuals in India today".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Issue N° 4-5 &#124; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/|website=www.unesco.org}}</ref> Dwivedi is opposed to [[postcolonial theory]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/01/30/why-is-southeast-asia-lacking-in-postcolonial-perspectives.html|title=Why is Southeast Asia lacking in postcolonial perspectives?|last=Dalziel|first=Alex|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]}}</ref> and [[subaltern studies]]. In an interview with ''[[Mediapart]]'' Dwivedi said that postcolonial theory and Hindu nationalism are two versions of the same theory, and that they are both upper [[caste]] political projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed|title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'|last=Confavreux|first=Joseph|website=mediapart.fr}}</ref> Dwivedi noted that in the field of [[feminism]] postcolonial theory remains an upper caste theoretical standpoint which has been preventing lower caste feminists from opening their own currents in the context of the [[Me too movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/amid-changing-nature-of-sex-as-an-activity-debates-over-raya-sarkars-list-represent-post-colonial-binaries-4194227.html|title=Amid changing nature of sex as an activity, debates over Raya Sarkar's list represent post-colonial binaries|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Dwivedi wrote in her editorial introduction to the ''[[UNESCO]]'' journal ''La Revue des Femmes-Philosophes'' that postcolonial theory is continuous with Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265538|title=N° 4-5 / December 2017 ''Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species''|website=www.unesco.org}}</ref>{{quote|text=Together, postcolonialism and subaltern theory have established the paradigm of research in humanities and social sciences—in India and abroad—over the past four decades. "Eurocentrism", "historicisation", and "postcolonialism" are also the operative terms through which the Hindu nationalist discourse conserves the caste order.}} === ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' === In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]'' with the philosopher [[Shaj Mohan]]. The book examines different aspects of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]]'s thought from a new philosophical system based on the concept of ''anastasis''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/|title=Gandhi and Philosophy|website=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]]}}</ref> [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/933644/what-different-theories-of-philosophy-tell-us-about-gandhis-experiments-with-truth|title=Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth|website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> The book proposes that in addition to the [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] tendency in philosophy there is a 'hypophysical tendency'; hypophysics is defined as "a conception of nature as value". As per hypophysics the distance from [[nature]] that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of [[technology]] lessens their value, or brings them closer to [[evil]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29575546.ece|title=Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics|website=[[Frontline magazine|Frontline]]}}</ref> Gandhi's concept of passive force or [[nonviolence]] is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/second-thoughts/|title= A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas|first=Siddharth|last=Singh|website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]]}}</ref> Dwivedi made a separation between ''metaphysics'' and ''hypophysics'' in her [[Royal Institute of Philosophy]] lecture, "While both seek to diagnose the 'west', each opens on to distinct futures: metaphysics to an "other thinking" than philosophy, hypophysics to the other of thinking itself".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-arts/school-of-humanities/undergraduate-courses/philosophy/rip-public-lectures/shaj-mohan-new-delhi-and-divya-dwivedi-iit-delhi/|title=Gandhi's Hypophysics (Dwivedi)|website=[[Royal Institute of Philosophy]]: Public Lectures}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' identifies racism with caste practices and controversially ascribes a form of [[racism]] to Gandhi.<ref name="ayyar1" /> When ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported on the developing uproar resulting from allegations of Gandhi's racism, Dwivedi said in response that Gandhi was a specific type of racist <ref name="auto5" /> {{quote|text=It misleads us into thinking that Gandhi is a garden variety racist who wanted to preserve traditional discriminations and [[Racial Segregation|segregation]] mainly because of the prestige of the past or to conserve existing social mores. In fact, Gandhi invented a new basis for racism, which is based on moral superiority.}} Dwivedi wrote that M. K. Gandhi shares the responsibility for inventing Hindu religion and Hindi language.<ref name="Courage to Begin">{{Cite news|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Divya|last2=Mohan|first2=Shaj|title=Courage to Begin|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/gandhi-jayanti-anniversary-150-a-new-afterlife-6034217/}}</ref> Writing about the book in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', Krithika Varagur charged that Gandhi's political project created the conditions for the rise of Hindu nationalism in present-day India by making religion an integral part of anti-colonialism. Dwivedi was quoted in the ''Post'' as saying, "Gandhi played a huge role in solidifying the Hindu majority identity in India today".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-2-biggest-political-parties-vie-for-gandhis-legacy/2019/10/01/ef2b5170-e444-11e9-b0a6-3d03721b85ef_story.html|title=India's 2 biggest political parties vie for Gandhi's legacy|first=Krithika|last=Varagur|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' argues that M. K. Gandhi's insensitivity towards the suffering of the [[Jewish people]] under the [[Nazi]] state follows from his theory of truth. Gandhi suggested to the Jewish people "to expose oneself to annihilation in order that one is conjoined to absolute truth. In [[The Holocaust|their own annihilation]] the Jewish people were to have the non-experience of Absolute Truth – 'a joyful sleep'."<ref name="auto6" /> == Reception == According to [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' leads to a new orientation outside of the [[Theology|theological]], metaphysical and nihilistic tendencies in philosophy. [[Bernard Stiegler]] said that this work "give us to reconsider the history of [[nihilism]] in the [[Eschatology|eschatological]] contemporaneity and shows its ultimate limits" and offers a new path.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7p1DwAAQBAJ&q=editions:G86bbr8NZ9wC|title=Qu'appelle-t-on Panser ?: 1. L'immense régression|last1=Stiegler|first1=Bernard|date=2018-11-14|publisher=Les Liens qui Libèrent|isbn=979-1-02-090559-8|via=Google Books}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' calls this new beginning ''the anastasis of philosophy''. [[Robert Bernasconi]] said that the inventiveness and the [[Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)|constructivism]] behind the concept of ''ana-stasis'', or the overcoming of stasis, has a relation to the project of ''re-beginning of philosophy'' by [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy|url=http://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Citation|title=Robert Bernasconi speaking at the launch of 'Gandhi & Philosophy'|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZwd_Gl-aN0|language=en|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref> The Book Review said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "A seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|last=Tankha|first=V|website=The Book Review}}</ref> Dwivedi's work was criticised from the point of view methodological and stylistic difficulty. Robert Bernasconi noted that ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is "not a book that you will understand at first reading".<ref name=":1" /> The difficulty due to the constructivist style was noted by other authors as well.<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/gandhi-and-philosophy-on-theological-anti-politics-review-leap-of-faith/article29118506.ece|title='Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith|last=Suhrud|first=Tridip|date=2019-08-17|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' was criticised from the point of view of the recent mounting criticisms of Gandhi in India and internationally. It was said that ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' might be exalting Gandhi while being very critical of him at the same time. The ambiguous approach to Gandhi was described in one of the commentaries in [[The Indian Express]] as "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".<ref name="ayyar1" /> ''Economic and Political Weekly'' pointed to Dwivedi's participation in the paradigm of "[[western philosophy]]", especially when Gandhi's goal was to create an alternative to [[Eurocentrism]]. ''[[Economic and Political Weekly|EPW]]'' said that her work may be of interest only to [[continental philosophy]] as she does not participate in ''Indic'' discourses.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2019/31/book-reviews/gandhi-company-western-philosophers.html|title=Gandhi in the Company of Western Philosophers|issue=23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 31|pages=7, 7, 7, 7, 7–8, 8, 8, 8, 8|first=A|last=Raghuramaraju|journal=Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly|volume=50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 54}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' commented on the negative implications of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that through this book ''"Gandhi can be seen as a nihilist — someone who even decries sex for reproduction and would like human society to wither away"''.<ref name="auto5" /> == Bibliography == === Books === * ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]],'' Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. ==== Edited ==== * ''The Public Sphere: From Outside the West,'' Bloomsbury Academic, 2015. * ''Narratology and Ideology: Negotiating Context, Form, and Theory in Postcolonial Narratives,'' Ohio State University Press, 2018. === Articles === * "A Flight Indestinate", in ''Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy'', Editors Fernando Castrillón et al, Oxford: Routledge, 2021. * "May 1968 in the Memories of Imagination", ''Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies'', Vol 22, 2020. * "The transitivity of the We in Narrative and Political Discourse", ''[[Style (journal)|Style]]'', Vol 54, No. 1, 2020. === Interviews === * [https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/ #ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe], [[Elle (magazine)|Elle Magazine]]. * "[https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination]", [[Iranian Labour News Agency|ILNA]] == See also == {{div col}} * [[Women in philosophy]] * [[List of women philosophers]] * [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] * [[Nihilism]] * [[Gandhism]] * [[Hannah Arendt]] * [[Simone Weil]] * [[Narratology]] * [[Robert Bernasconi]] * [[Eschatology]] {{div col end}} == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == === Secondary Literature === * [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], “[https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/ La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir]”, in [[Libération]] * [[Robert Bernasconi|R. Bernasconi]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination. *R. Janardhanan, "[http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/ The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan:A New Philosophy of Freedom]", ''Postions Politics'', 2021. *D. J. Smith "[http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ Gandhi and Philosophy:Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race]", ''episteme'', issue 4. *[[Marguerite La Caze]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs:Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4. == External links == *[https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/ Divya Dwivedi] Author page at [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] *[http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/ episteme issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination] Special issue on the philosophical work of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dwivedi, Divya}} [[Category:21st-century philosophers]] [[Category:Deconstruction]] [[Category:Narratology]] [[Category:Heidegger scholars]] [[Category:Ontologists]] [[Category:Philosophers of nihilism]] [[Category:Women philosophers| ]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian women philosophers]] [[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]] [[Category:IIT Delhi faculty]] [[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]] [[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]] [[Category:Contemporary philosophy| ]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{Short description|Philosopher}} {{Infobox philosopher | region = | era = [[Contemporary philosophy]] | image = Divya Dwivedi.jpg | caption = Divya Dwivedi speaking at the [[India International Centre]], New Delhi | name = Divya Dwivedi | alma_mater = [[Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi]] | institutions = [[IIT Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] | school_tradition = [[Continental philosophy]]<br />[[Deconstruction]]<br /> [[Metaphysics of presence|Post-metaphysics]]<ref name="auto2" /> | main_interests = [[Ontology]]<br /> [[Philosophy and literature|Philosophy of literature]]<br /> [[Philosophy of politics]]<br /> [[Narratology]]<br /> [[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]] | notable_ideas = [[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]]<ref name="The Resurrection of Philosophy"/> | influences = [[Plato]]{{·}} [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}} [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]]{{·}} [[Jean-Luc Nancy]]{{·}} [[Mahatma Gandhi|M. K. Gandhi]]{{·}} [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]]{{·}} [[Hannah Arendt|Arendt]]{{·}} [[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]]{{·}} [[O. V. Vijayan]]{{·}} [[Theo Jansen]]{{·}} [[Jacques Monod]] }} '''Divya Dwivedi''' is a [[philosopher]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> and author based in [[India]].<ref name="The Resurrection of Philosophy">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy|title=The Resurrection of Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/|title=Divya Dwivedi – Bloomsbury|website=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]}}</ref> She is an associate professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/a-new-book-examines-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-the-father-of-the-nation-5910744/|title= A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation :Reading the Mahatma, Interview|first=Aakash|last=Joshi|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date= 2019-08-18}}</ref> Her work focuses on [[ontology]], [[metaphysics]], [[literature]], and [[Political philosophy|philosophy of politics]].<ref name=":2" /> ==Life== Dwivedi is originally from [[Allahabad]]. Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Chandran, Cynthia|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=February 11, 2019|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> She received her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Lady Shri Ram College]], Delhi and her [[Master's degree]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi|title=Divya Dwivedi &#124; Humanities & Social Sciences|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> She pursued her [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil]] from [[University of Delhi]] and received her [[doctorate]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> Dwivedi is currently an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Delhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> She had earlier taught at St. Stephen's College and at Dept. of English, Delhi University.<ref name=":0" /> She was a [[visiting scholar]] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, [[Aarhus University]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" /> ==Philosophical work== Dwivedi's philosophical standpoint departs from the school of [[deconstruction]] and it was described as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name="ayyar1">{{Cite news|last=Ayyar|first=Raj|title=Bending the binary|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/bending-the-binary-gandhi-and-philosophy-5952328}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> She publishes in the areas of [[ontology]], [[narratology]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vuletic|first=Snezana|date=October 26, 2018|title=From Colonial Disruption to Diasporic Entanglemens: Doctoral Dissertation presented at Stockholm University|url=https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1247469/FULLTEXT01.pdf|publisher=[[Stockholm University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Divya|last2=Nielsen|first2=Henrik Skov|title=The Paradox of Testimony and First-Person Plural Narration in Jensen's We, the Drowned (Free Access)|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19598955.pdf|website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> [[metaphysics]], [[linguistics]], and [[deconstruction]]. According to Jean-Luc Nancy and [[Bernard Stiegler]] her work gives a new orientation to philosophy outside of metaphysics and [[nihilism]]. === School of thought === Dwivedi said that philosophy is a disruptive practice following from the [[Socrates|Socratic]] model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.governancenow.com/views/interview/in-search-of-gandhis-answer-to-the-question-what-a-human-life-should-be|title=In search of Gandhi's answer to the question: 'What a human life should be', Interview|first=Ashish|last=Mehta|website=Governance Now|date=2019-04-05}}</ref> Following from it there is "a necessary relation between philosophy and politics". She is opposed to treating philosophical traditions as adjectives of philosophical practice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde|title=Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde|website=France Culture}}</ref> [[Barbara Cassin]] said that Dwivedi's theoretical stand reveals the actual political stakes in postcolonial theory. Cassin said "She is a philosopher" whose refusal to make "the post-colonial the first and the last word undoubtedly allows us to clarify with greater precision what is happening to women, philosophers and intellectuals in India today".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Issue N° 4-5 &#124; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/|website=www.unesco.org}}</ref> Dwivedi is opposed to [[postcolonial theory]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/01/30/why-is-southeast-asia-lacking-in-postcolonial-perspectives.html|title=Why is Southeast Asia lacking in postcolonial perspectives?|last=Dalziel|first=Alex|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]}}</ref> and [[subaltern studies]]. In an interview with ''[[Mediapart]]'' Dwivedi said that postcolonial theory and Hindu nationalism are two versions of the same theory, and that they are both upper [[caste]] political projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed|title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'|last=Confavreux|first=Joseph|website=mediapart.fr}}</ref> Dwivedi noted that in the field of [[feminism]] postcolonial theory remains an upper caste theoretical standpoint which has been preventing lower caste feminists from opening their own currents in the context of the [[Me too movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/amid-changing-nature-of-sex-as-an-activity-debates-over-raya-sarkars-list-represent-post-colonial-binaries-4194227.html|title=Amid changing nature of sex as an activity, debates over Raya Sarkar's list represent post-colonial binaries|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Dwivedi wrote in her editorial introduction to the ''[[UNESCO]]'' journal ''La Revue des Femmes-Philosophes'' that postcolonial theory is continuous with Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265538|title=N° 4-5 / December 2017 ''Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species''|website=www.unesco.org}}</ref>{{quote|text=Together, postcolonialism and subaltern theory have established the paradigm of research in humanities and social sciences—in India and abroad—over the past four decades. "Eurocentrism", "historicisation", and "postcolonialism" are also the operative terms through which the Hindu nationalist discourse conserves the caste order.}} === ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' === In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]'' with the philosopher [[Shaj Mohan]]. The book examines different aspects of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]]'s thought from a new philosophical system based on the concept of ''anastasis''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/|title=Gandhi and Philosophy|website=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]]}}</ref> [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/933644/what-different-theories-of-philosophy-tell-us-about-gandhis-experiments-with-truth|title=Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth|website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> The book proposes that in addition to the [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] tendency in philosophy there is a 'hypophysical tendency'; hypophysics is defined as "a conception of nature as value". As per hypophysics the distance from [[nature]] that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of [[technology]] lessens their value, or brings them closer to [[evil]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29575546.ece|title=Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics|website=[[Frontline magazine|Frontline]]}}</ref> Gandhi's concept of passive force or [[nonviolence]] is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/second-thoughts/|title= A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas|first=Siddharth|last=Singh|website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]]}}</ref> Dwivedi made a separation between ''metaphysics'' and ''hypophysics'' in her [[Royal Institute of Philosophy]] lecture, "While both seek to diagnose the 'west', each opens on to distinct futures: metaphysics to an "other thinking" than philosophy, hypophysics to the other of thinking itself".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-arts/school-of-humanities/undergraduate-courses/philosophy/rip-public-lectures/shaj-mohan-new-delhi-and-divya-dwivedi-iit-delhi/|title=Gandhi's Hypophysics (Dwivedi)|website=[[Royal Institute of Philosophy]]: Public Lectures}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' identifies racism with caste practices and controversially ascribes a form of [[racism]] to Gandhi.<ref name="ayyar1" /> When ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported on the developing uproar resulting from allegations of Gandhi's racism, Dwivedi said in response that Gandhi was a specific type of racist <ref name="auto5" /> {{quote|text=It misleads us into thinking that Gandhi is a garden variety racist who wanted to preserve traditional discriminations and [[Racial Segregation|segregation]] mainly because of the prestige of the past or to conserve existing social mores. In fact, Gandhi invented a new basis for racism, which is based on moral superiority.}} Dwivedi wrote that M. K. Gandhi shares the responsibility for inventing Hindu religion and Hindi language.<ref name="Courage to Begin">{{Cite news|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Divya|last2=Mohan|first2=Shaj|title=Courage to Begin|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/gandhi-jayanti-anniversary-150-a-new-afterlife-6034217/}}</ref> Writing about the book in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', Krithika Varagur charged that Gandhi's political project created the conditions for the rise of Hindu nationalism in present-day India by making religion an integral part of anti-colonialism. Dwivedi was quoted in the ''Post'' as saying, "Gandhi played a huge role in solidifying the Hindu majority identity in India today".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-2-biggest-political-parties-vie-for-gandhis-legacy/2019/10/01/ef2b5170-e444-11e9-b0a6-3d03721b85ef_story.html|title=India's 2 biggest political parties vie for Gandhi's legacy|first=Krithika|last=Varagur|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' argues that M. K. Gandhi's insensitivity towards the suffering of the [[Jewish people]] under the [[Nazi]] state follows from his theory of truth. Gandhi suggested to the Jewish people "to expose oneself to annihilation in order that one is conjoined to absolute truth. In [[The Holocaust|their own annihilation]] the Jewish people were to have the non-experience of Absolute Truth – 'a joyful sleep'."<ref name="auto6" /> == Reception == According to [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' leads to a new orientation outside of the [[Theology|theological]], metaphysical and nihilistic tendencies in philosophy. [[Bernard Stiegler]] said that this work "give us to reconsider the history of [[nihilism]] in the [[Eschatology|eschatological]] contemporaneity and shows its ultimate limits" and offers a new path.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7p1DwAAQBAJ&q=editions:G86bbr8NZ9wC|title=Qu'appelle-t-on Panser ?: 1. L'immense régression|last1=Stiegler|first1=Bernard|date=2018-11-14|publisher=Les Liens qui Libèrent|isbn=979-1-02-090559-8|via=Google Books}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' calls this new beginning ''the anastasis of philosophy''. [[Robert Bernasconi]] said that the inventiveness and the [[Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)|constructivism]] behind the concept of ''ana-stasis'', or the overcoming of stasis, has a relation to the project of ''re-beginning of philosophy'' by [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy|url=http://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Citation|title=Robert Bernasconi speaking at the launch of 'Gandhi & Philosophy'|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZwd_Gl-aN0|language=en|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref> The Book Review said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "A seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|last=Tankha|first=V|website=The Book Review}}</ref> Dwivedi's work was criticised from the point of view methodological and stylistic difficulty. Robert Bernasconi noted that ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is "not a book that you will understand at first reading".<ref name=":1" /> The difficulty due to the constructivist style was noted by other authors as well.<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/gandhi-and-philosophy-on-theological-anti-politics-review-leap-of-faith/article29118506.ece|title='Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith|last=Suhrud|first=Tridip|date=2019-08-17|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' was criticised from the point of view of the recent mounting criticisms of Gandhi in India and internationally. It was said that ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' might be exalting Gandhi while being very critical of him at the same time. The ambiguous approach to Gandhi was described in one of the commentaries in [[The Indian Express]] as "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".<ref name="ayyar1" /> ''Economic and Political Weekly'' pointed to Dwivedi's participation in the paradigm of "[[western philosophy]]", especially when Gandhi's goal was to create an alternative to [[Eurocentrism]]. ''[[Economic and Political Weekly|EPW]]'' said that her work may be of interest only to [[continental philosophy]] as she does not participate in ''Indic'' discourses.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2019/31/book-reviews/gandhi-company-western-philosophers.html|title=Gandhi in the Company of Western Philosophers|issue=23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 31|pages=7, 7, 7, 7, 7–8, 8, 8, 8, 8|first=A|last=Raghuramaraju|journal=Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic and Political Weekly|volume=50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 54}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' commented on the negative implications of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that through this book ''"Gandhi can be seen as a nihilist — someone who even decries sex for reproduction and would like human society to wither away"''.<ref name="auto5" /> == Bibliography == === Books === * ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]],'' Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. ==== Edited ==== * ''The Public Sphere: From Outside the West,'' Bloomsbury Academic, 2015. * ''Narratology and Ideology: Negotiating Context, Form, and Theory in Postcolonial Narratives,'' Ohio State University Press, 2018. === Articles === * "A Flight Indestinate", in ''Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy'', Editors Fernando Castrillón et al, Oxford: Routledge, 2021. * "May 1968 in the Memories of Imagination", ''Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies'', Vol 22, 2020. * "The transitivity of the We in Narrative and Political Discourse", ''[[Style (journal)|Style]]'', Vol 54, No. 1, 2020. === Interviews === * [https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/ #ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe], [[Elle (magazine)|Elle Magazine]]. * "[https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination]", [[Iranian Labour News Agency|ILNA]] == See also == {{div col}} * [[Women in philosophy]] * [[List of women philosophers]] * [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] * [[Nihilism]] * [[Gandhism]] * [[Hannah Arendt]] * [[Simone Weil]] * [[Narratology]] * [[Robert Bernasconi]] * [[Eschatology]] {{div col end}} == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == === Secondary Literature === * [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], “[https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/ La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir]”, in [[Libération]] * [[Robert Bernasconi|R. Bernasconi]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination. *R. Janardhanan, "[http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/ The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan:A New Philosophy of Freedom]", ''Postions Politics'', 2021. *D. J. Smith "[http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ Gandhi and Philosophy:Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race]", ''episteme'', issue 4. *[[Marguerite La Caze]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs:Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4. == External links == *[https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/ Divya Dwivedi] Author page at [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] *[http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/ episteme issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination] Special issue on the philosophical work of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dwivedi, Divya}} [[Category:21st-century philosophers]] [[Category:Deconstruction]] [[Category:Narratology]] [[Category:Heidegger scholars]] [[Category:Ontologists]] [[Category:Philosophers of nihilism]] [[Category:Women philosophers| ]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian women philosophers]] [[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]] [[Category:IIT Delhi faculty]] [[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]] [[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]] [[Category:Contemporary philosophy| ]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]'
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'@@ -20,12 +20,4 @@ She received her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Lady Shri Ram College]], Delhi and her [[Master's degree]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi|title=Divya Dwivedi &#124; Humanities & Social Sciences|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> She pursued her [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil]] from [[University of Delhi]] and received her [[doctorate]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> Dwivedi is currently an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Delhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> She had earlier taught at St. Stephen's College and at Dept. of English, Delhi University.<ref name=":0" /> She was a [[visiting scholar]] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, [[Aarhus University]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" /> - -Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> religious discrimination, Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nancy|first=Jean-Luc|title=La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Libération|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel « The Caravan » est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref> - -She is a member of the ''Theory Committee'' of the [[International Comparative Literature Association]] along with [[Robert J. C. Young]], [[:de:Stefan Willer|Stefan Willer]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-06|title=Members ICLA Theory|url=https://iclatheory.org/members|website=www.iclatheory.org}}</ref> - -She is the editor and co-founder of the international multilingual journal ''Philosophy World Democracy'' with [[Zeynep Direk]], [[Achille Mbembe]], [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], [[Shaj Mohan]], and [[Mireille Delmas-Marty]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> - -American journal for critical theory, ''Episteme'', published a special issue on Dwivedi's philosophical contributions in 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Philosophical work== '
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[ 0 => '', 1 => 'Dwivedi's political writings have been critical of caste oppression,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> religious discrimination, Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nancy|first=Jean-Luc|title=La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Libération|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel « The Caravan » est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-03-15}}</ref>', 2 => '', 3 => 'She is a member of the ''Theory Committee'' of the [[International Comparative Literature Association]] along with [[Robert J. C. Young]], [[:de:Stefan Willer|Stefan Willer]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-06|title=Members ICLA Theory|url=https://iclatheory.org/members|website=www.iclatheory.org}}</ref> ', 4 => '', 5 => 'She is the editor and co-founder of the international multilingual journal ''Philosophy World Democracy'' with [[Zeynep Direk]], [[Achille Mbembe]], [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], [[Shaj Mohan]], and [[Mireille Delmas-Marty]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> ', 6 => '', 7 => 'American journal for critical theory, ''Episteme'', published a special issue on Dwivedi's philosophical contributions in 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> ' ]
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1618916488